𝑓𝑚 − 𝑓𝑚−1

𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑥𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑀𝑜 = 𝑥𝑚 + ℎ
𝑘 ≈ √𝑛 ℎ≥ (𝑓𝑚 − 𝑓𝑚−1 ) + (𝑓𝑚 − 𝑓𝑚+1 ) 𝑚
𝑘
𝑛 𝑘 𝑘
𝑥1 + ⋯ + 𝑥𝑛 1 𝑥1 𝑓1 + ⋯ + 𝑥𝑘 𝑓𝑘 1 𝑥′1 𝑓1 + ⋯ + 𝑥′𝑘 𝑓𝑘 1
𝑥̅ = = ∑ 𝑥𝑖 𝑥̅ = = ∑ 𝑥𝑖 𝑓𝑖 𝑥̅ = = ∑ 𝑥′𝑖 𝑓𝑖
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1 𝑖=1

𝑥𝑛+1 , 𝑑𝑙𝑎 𝑛 𝑛𝑖𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑧𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑦𝑐ℎ 𝑠−1

2 ℎ𝑠
𝑀𝑒 = {𝑥𝑛 + 𝑥𝑛+1 𝑀𝑒 = 𝑥𝑠 + (0,5𝑛 − ∑ 𝑓𝑖 )
2 2
𝑓𝑠
, 𝑑𝑙𝑎 𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑧𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑦𝑐ℎ 𝑖=1
2
𝑝−1
ℎ𝑝
𝑄1 = 𝑥[0,25𝑛]+1 𝑄1 = 𝑥𝑝 + (0,25𝑛 − ∑ 𝑓𝑖 )
𝑓𝑝
𝑖=1
𝑝−1
ℎ𝑝
𝑄3 = 𝑥[0,75𝑛]+1 𝑄3 = 𝑥𝑝 + (0,75𝑛 − ∑ 𝑓𝑖 )
𝑓𝑝
𝑖=1
𝑝−1
ℎ𝑝
𝑞𝑝 = 𝑥[𝑝𝑛]+1 𝑞𝑝 = 𝑥𝑝 + (𝑝𝑛 − ∑ 𝑓𝑖 )
𝑓𝑝
𝑖=1

𝑅 = 𝑥𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑥𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝑅𝑄 = 𝑄3 − 𝑄1

𝑛 𝑘 𝑘
1 1 1
𝑑 = ∑ |𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ | 𝑑 = ∑ 𝑓𝑖 |𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ | 𝑑 = ∑ 𝑓𝑖 |𝑥′𝑖 − 𝑥̅ |
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1 𝑖=1

𝑄3 − 𝑄1
𝑄=
2
𝑛 𝑘 𝑘
1 1 1
𝑠 = ∑(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )2
2
𝑠 = ∑ 𝑓𝑖 (𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )2
2
𝑠 = ∑ 𝑓𝑖 (𝑥′𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )2
2
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1 𝑖=1

𝑠 = √𝑠 2

𝑠 𝑑 𝑄 𝑄3 − 𝑄1
𝑉𝑠 = 𝑉𝑑 = 𝑉𝑄 = 𝑉𝑄1 ,𝑄3 =
|𝑥̅ | |𝑥̅ | 𝑀𝑒 𝑄3 + 𝑄1

𝑥̅ − 𝑀𝑜 𝑥̅ − 𝑀𝑜 3(𝑥̅ − 𝑀𝑒) 3(𝑥̅ − 𝑀𝑒) 𝑀3

𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑠 =
𝑠 𝑑 𝑠 𝑑 𝑠3

𝑛
1 𝑘 𝑘
𝑀3 = ∑(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )3 1 1
𝑛 𝑀3 = ∑ 𝑓𝑖 (𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )3 𝑀3 = ∑ 𝑓𝑖 (𝑥′𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )3
𝑖=1 𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
 6 ∑ 𝑑𝑖2
𝑟𝑠 = 1 − 𝜒2
𝑛(𝑛2 − 1) 𝑉=√
n ∙ min(k-1, r-1)
𝑛
1 𝑑𝑖 = 𝑥𝑖∗ − 𝑦𝑖∗
𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑋, 𝑌) = ∑(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ ) (𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦̅) 𝑟 𝑘
𝑛 (𝑛𝑖𝑗 − 𝑛ො𝑖𝑗 )2
𝑖=1 2
𝜒 = ∑∑
𝑛ො𝑖𝑗
𝑖=1 𝑗=1
∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )(𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦̅) 𝑐𝑜𝑣(𝑋, 𝑌)
𝑟= 𝑟= 𝑛𝑖∗ 𝑛∗𝑗
√∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )2 ∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦̅)2 𝑠𝑥 𝑠𝑦 𝑛ො𝑖𝑗 =
𝑛

𝑛 𝑛
∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑦𝑖 − ̅̅̅
𝑦)(𝑥𝑖 − ̅̅̅
𝑥) 𝑠𝑦
𝑌̂ = 𝛼0 + 𝛼1 𝑋 ∑ 𝑦𝑖 = 𝑛𝑎0 + 𝑎1 ∑ 𝑥𝑖 𝑎1 = 𝑎1 = 𝑟
∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )2 𝑠𝑥
𝑖=1 𝑖=1
𝑦̂𝑖 = 𝑎0 + 𝑎1 𝑥𝑖 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛

∑ 𝑥𝑖 𝑦𝑖 = 𝑎0 ∑ 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑎1 ∑ 𝑥𝑖2 𝑎0 = 𝑦̅ − 𝑎1 𝑥̅
{ 𝑖=1 𝑖=1 𝑖=1

𝑒𝑖 = 𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦̂𝑖
𝑛
1 𝑠𝑒
𝑠𝑒2 = ∑(𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦̂)
𝑖
2 𝑠𝑒 = √𝑠𝑒2 𝑉𝑒 = ∙ 100%
𝑛−2 𝑦̅
𝑖=1

∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦̂)
𝑖
2
𝜑2 = 𝑅2 = 1 − 𝜑2 𝑅2 ≈ 𝑟2
∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦̅)2

𝑦𝑡 − 𝑦𝑡𝑏 𝛥𝑡/𝑡𝑏 𝑦𝑡
𝛥𝑡/𝑡𝑏 = 𝑦𝑡 − 𝑦𝑡𝑏 𝑑𝑡/𝑡𝑏 = = 𝑖𝑡/𝑡𝑏 =
𝑦𝑡𝑏 𝑦𝑡𝑏 𝑦𝑡𝑏 𝑛−1 𝑦𝑛
𝑛−1
𝑖̅𝐺 = √𝑖𝑛/𝑛−1 ∙ … ∙ 𝑖2/1 = √
𝛥𝑡/𝑡−1 = 𝑦𝑡 − 𝑦𝑡−1 𝑦𝑡 − 𝑦𝑡−1 𝛥𝑡/𝑡−1 𝑦𝑡 𝑦1
𝑑𝑡/𝑡−1 = = 𝑖𝑡/𝑡−1 =
𝑦𝑡−1 𝑦𝑡−1 𝑦𝑡−1

𝑦̂𝑖 = 𝑎0 + 𝑎1 t
𝑒𝑡 = 𝑦𝑡 − 𝑦̂𝑡
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
̅̅̅(𝑡 − 𝑡)
∑𝑛𝑡=1(𝑦𝑡 − 𝑦) ̅ 1
∑ 𝑦𝑡 = 𝑛𝑎0 + 𝑎1 ∑ 𝑡 𝑎1 = 𝑛 𝑠𝑒2 = ∑(𝑦𝑡 − 𝑦̂𝑡 )2 𝑠𝑒 = √𝑠𝑒2
∑𝑡=1(𝑡 − 𝑡̅)2 𝑛−2
𝑡=1 𝑡=1 𝑡=1
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛

∑ 𝑡𝑦𝑡 = 𝑎0 ∑ 𝑡 + 𝑎1 ∑ 𝑡 2 𝑎0 = 𝑦̅ − 𝑎1 𝑡̅ ∑𝑛𝑡=1(𝑦𝑡 − 𝑦̂𝑡 )2

2
𝜑 = 𝑛 𝑅2 = 1 − 𝜑2
{𝑡=1 𝑡=1 𝑡=1 ∑𝑡=1(𝑦𝑡 − 𝑦̅)2

𝑠𝑒
𝑉𝑒 = ∙ 100%
𝑦̅

1 1
𝑦𝑡−1 + 𝑦𝑡 + 𝑦𝑡+1 2 𝑦𝑡−2 + 𝑦𝑡−1 + 𝑦𝑡 + 𝑦𝑡+1 + 2 𝑦𝑡−2
𝑦𝑡,3 = 𝑦𝑡,4 =
3 4