Unit 3

MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE

Motion in a Straight Line
Introduction
In this unit, you will be introduced to the basic concepts of motion.
We encounter motion in our day-to-day activities and have enough experience
about it. You might have learnt in lower grades that everything in the universe
moves.
It is because of this that motion is one of the key topics in physics.
We use the basic concepts of distance, displacement, speed, velocity and
acceleration to express motion. There are different types of motions.
Motion in a straight line is one of the simplest forms of motion in a specific
direction. The motions of a car on a road, the motion of a train along a straight
railway track or an object falling freely are examples of one-dimensional motion.
Motion in a Straight Line
Conti…
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:
describe motion in terms of frame of reference, displacement,
speed, ve- locity, and acceleration;
draw diagrams to locate objects with respect to a reference;
solve problems involving distance, displacement, speed, velocity
and acceleration;
make practical measurements of distance, displacement, average
speed, average velocity and acceleration.
3.1 Lesson 1: Position, Distance and
Displacement (4hrs)
At the end of this section, you should be able to:
define motion, position, and displacement;
describe motion in terms of frame of reference;
differentiate between position, distance and displacement;
draw diagrams to locate objects with respect to a reference frame.
Brainstorming Question
1. What do you think is motion? Give some examples of motion that you
encounter in your daily life.
2. Have you ever used Google Maps to locate your geographical position while
you are moving from some place to another?
Lesson 1: Position, Distance and
Displacement (4hrs)
Motion is a continuous change in position of an object relative to
the position of a fixed object called reference frame.
A frame of reference is a set of coordinates that can be used to
deter- mine positions of objects.
Example: The most convenient example to explain about position,
distance and displacement is your daily travel from your home to
your school. Your home is taken as a reference frame.
A body is said to be at rest in a frame of reference when its position
in that reference frame does not change with time.
3.1 Lesson 1: Position, Distance and
Displacement (4hrs)
Conti..
If the position of a body changes with time in a frame of reference, the body is
said to be in motion in that frame of reference.
The concepts of rest and motion are completely relative; a body at rest in one
reference frame may be in motion with respect to another reference frame.
Example: if you are 2 m from the doorway inside your classroom, then your
reference point is the doorway. Your classroom can be used as a reference frame.
In the classroom, the walls are not moving, and can be used as a fixed frame of
reference. We commonly use the origin as a fixed reference point to describe
motion along a straight line.
3.1 Lesson 1: Position, Distance and
Displacement (4hrs)
Conti..
Position
To describe the motion of a particle, we need to be able to describe the
position of the particle and how that position changes as the particle moves.
Position is a measurement of a location, with respect to some reference point
(usually an origin).
For one-dimensional motion, we often choose the x axis as the line along which
the motion takes place. Positions can therefore be negative or positive with
respect to the origin of the x-axis.
Figure 3.1 shows the motion of a rider in a straight line. Its position changes as
it moves.
3.1 Lesson 1: Position, Distance and
Displacement (4hrs)
Conti…

Figure 3.1 A rider in motion changes its position as it moves.

3.1 Lesson 1: Position, Distance and
Displacement (4hrs)
Conti…
Google Maps is a Web-based service that provides detailed
information about geographical regions and sites around the world.
In addition to conventional road maps, Google Maps offers aerial
and satellite views of many places.
 Google Maps provides you with the longitude (east-west position)
and latitude (north-south position) coordinates of a location or
position of a place.
You can see how far you have travelled and how you travelled from
place to place, such as walking, biking, driving or on public transport.
3.1 Lesson 1: Position, Distance and
Displacement (4hrs)
Conti…
The following steps guide you to get started using Google Maps:
Step 1: At first you need to open the Google Maps software application on your
Android phone, tablet or computer. For more information, click here to see
Google Maps https://www.google.com/maps/
Step 2: Search for a place or tap it on the map.
Step 3: In the bottom right, tap directions.
Step 4: To add destination you have to go to the top right and tap more and then
add a stop
3.1 Lesson 1: Position, Distance and
Displacement (4hrs)
Conti…
Distance (S)
Distance travelled is a measure of the actual distance covered during the
motion of a body.
In other words, distance is the total path length traveled by the body.
The distance travelled does not distinguish between motion in a positive or
negative direction.
It is a scalar physical quantity and has SI unit meter (m), though it can also be
measured in other non-SI units such as kilometer (km), miles (mi), centimeter
(cm), etc. The symbol for distance is S. Pictorial representation of the distance
covered by a runner is shown in Figure 3.2.
3.1 Lesson 1: Position, Distance and
Displacement (4hrs)
Conti…

Figure 3.2 The distance covered by a runner.

3.1 Lesson 1: Position, Distance and
Displacement (4hrs)
Conti…
Displacement
Is the change of position in a certain direction is known as displacement.
 A displacement is described by its magnitude and direction. Hence, it is a
vector quantity.
The SI unit of displacement is the same as the SI unit of distance that is meter
(m)
Displacement is independent of the path length taken.
Example: you travel from your home to school and After school, you travel o your
home. What is your total displacement and distance?{Ans: left as a tip}
3.1 Lesson 1: Position, Distance and
Displacement (4hrs)
Conti..
Figure 3.3 shows the difference between distance and
displacement of the motion covered from point A to point B.
Figure 3.1 above shows a student on a bicycle
at position S⃗i at time ti . At a later time, t f ,
the student is at position S⃗f ,then the change
in ⃗S can be written as
Figure 3.3 Illustration of Distance and
displacement.
3.1 Lesson 1: Position, Distance and
Displacement (4hrs)
Conti…
Table 3.1 Difference between distance and displacement.
3.1 Lesson 1: Position, Distance and
Displacement (4hrs)
Conti…
Exercise
3.1 .Assume you are sitting on a horse and the horse is moving at a
certain speed. Are you at rest or in motion? Discuss it by taking two
frames of reference: the horse itself and some fixed point on the
ground.
3.2(a). What is the distance around a standard football field?
3.2(b). Is distance a pos- itive or negative quantity?
3.1 Lesson 1: Position, Distance and
Displacement (4hrs)
Conti…
3.3. What is the displacement if the final position is the same as the
initial position?
3.4(i)Given the following values for the initial position Si and final
position S f , check whether the value of the net displacement is
positive or negative.
a) S f = (5, 0) and Si = (−1, 0)
b) S f = (10, 0) and Si = (−15, 0)
c) S f = (6, 0) and Si = (4, 0)
3.1 Lesson 1: Position, Distance and
Displacement (4hrs)
Conti…
3.4(ii). A cyclist rides 3 km west and then turns around and rides 2 km east. (a)
What is her displacement? (b) What distance does she ride? (c) What is the
magnitude of her displacement?
3.4(iii). Three students walked on a straight line. The first student walked 200 m
to the right from a reference point A, then returned and walked 100 m to the
left and then stopped. The second student walked 200 m from point A to the
right, then returned and walked 300 m to the left and stopped. The third student
walked 200 m to the right from point A, then returned and walked 200m to the
left and stopped at point A. Discuss in groups about the total distance and
displacements of the first, the second and the third student.
3.1 Lesson 1: Position, Distance and
Displacement (4hrs)
3.4(iv). find the distance and displacement of an athlete running circular path ,
and “s” after complete 3 revolution and also for the triangular path
Solution : a) s =300m + 400m = 700m
s⃗= 400 + 300 s⃗= 500m
b) s = 2𝜋r = 2𝜋(100) s = 628m
s⃗ = Zero b/c it is repeating the path
s = circumference = 3(2𝜋r) = 3(2𝜋 100)
s = 1884m
3.2 Lesson 2: Average speed and
Instantaneous Speed (2hrs)
At the end of this section, you should be able to:
differentiate between average speed and instantaneous speed;
 compute the average speed of a body; moving in a straight line
covering a certain distance in a given time;
estimate the speed of moving bodies in your surroundings
Brainstorming
Exercise 3.5: T In Figure 3.4 shown below, what does the
speedometer read?
3.2 Lesson 2: Average speed and
Instantaneous Speed (2hrs)
Conti…

Figure 3.4a Speedometer Figure 3.4b. Figure 3.12 Traffic accident.

Exercise 3.6: What are the differences and similarities between average speed and
instantaneous speed?
Exercise 3.7(A): If the car is travelling at 120 km/h, what is the car’s speed in m/s?
3.2 Lesson 2: Average speed and
Instantaneous Speed (2hrs)
Conti…
Exercise 3.7(B):A turtle and a rabbit engage in a footrace over a distance of 4.00
km. The rabbit runs 0.500 km and then stops for a 90.0-min nap. Upon
awakening, he remembers the race and runs twice as fast. Finishing the course
in a total time of 1.75 h, the rabbit wins the race. (a) Calculate the average speed
of the rabbit. (b) What was his average speed before he stopped for a
nap?{Ans(A). Average speed == 2. 29 𝑘𝑚⁄ℎ𝑟 (B) rabbit’s average speed before
his nap; 𝑣1 = 9. 00 𝑘𝑚/ℎ}
Exercise 3.7(C): A bus travelling at a speed of 120km/hr east wards continues its
journey steadily on a straight level road for 3 hours. What is the actual
displacement of the bus after 3 hours?{Ans}
3.2 Lesson 2: Average speed and
Instantaneous Speed (2hrs)
Speed is a quantity that describes how fast a body moves.
Speed is the rate at which an object changes its location.
Speed is a scalar quantity because it has a magnitude but no direction. Since
speed is a rate, it depends on the time interval of motion. Its symbol is v.
In other words, speed is the distance covered by a moving body per unit time.
The SI unit of speed is meter per second (m/s). Other units of speed include
kilometer per hour (km/h) and miles per hour (mi/h).
The mathematical equation used to calculate speed is
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
3.2 Lesson 2: Average speed and
Instantaneous Speed (2hrs)
Cont…
In symbol
s
v=
t
Average Speed: is defined as the total distance travelled divided by the total time it takes to
travel that distance. i.e.;
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
In symbol
𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑡
𝑣𝑎𝑣 =
𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑡
3.2 Lesson 2: Average speed and
Instantaneous Speed (2hrs)
Conti…
Instantaneous Speed: The speed at any specific instant is called the
instantaneous speed.
 To calculate the instantaneous speed, we need to consider a very short time
interval-one that approaches zero. For example, a school bus undergoes
changes in speed. Mathematically the instantaneous speed is given by:
∆s
vins = 𝑎𝑠∆𝑡 → 0
∆t
Instantaneous speed and average speed are both scalar quantities. When you
solve the average of all instantaneous speeds that occurred during the whole
trip, you will get the average speed.
3.2 Lesson 2: Average speed and
Instantaneous Speed (2hrs)
Conti…
Example
1. A car covers a distance between two towns which are 80 km
apart. If it takes the car 1hr and 30 minutes to travel between the
two towns, calculate the average speed of the car in m/s.{Ans:
v=53.33 km/hr== 14.81 m/s}
2. How far does a student walk in 1.5 hrs if her average speed is 5
m/s? {s=27000 m}
Lesson 3: Average and
Instantaneous Velocity (2hrs)
At the end of this section, you should be able to:
differentiate between average velocity and instantaneous velocity;
compute the average velocity of a body moving in straight line
covering a certain displacement in a given time.
Brainstorming
Exercise 3.8: Does the average speed the same as the magnitude of
the average velocity? Explain
Lesson 3: Average and
Instantaneous Velocity (2hrs)
Conti…
Exercise 3.9(a): In 2003 Tirunesh Dibaba won the world junior cross-
country title by completing a 5,000-metre in 14 min 39.94 sec (junior
world record) and secured the gold at the International Association
of Athletics Federations (IAAF) world track and field championships,
becoming the youngest-ever world champion in her sport. Calculate
her average speed.
Exercise 3.9(b): Explain the relationship between average velocity
and instantaneous velocity
Lesson 3: Average and Instantaneous
Velocity (2hrs)
Conti…
Where an object started and where it stopped does not completely
describe the motion of the object.
Velocity is a physical quantity that describes how fast a body moves
as well as the direction in which it moves. Hence, velocity is a vector
quantity. Its symbol is ⃗v (v with an arrow on the head).
The SI unit of velocity is meter per second (m/s). Other units of
velocity include kilometer per hour (km/h) and miles per hour (mi/h)
Lesson 3: Average and Instantaneous
Velocity (2hrs)
Conti…
Suppose that the positions of a car are S⃗i at time ti and S⃗f at time t f as
shown in Figure 3.4 below.

Figure 3.5 The average velocity of the car tells how

fast and in which direction the car is moving.
 If the details of the motion at each instant are not important, the rate is
usually expressed as the average velocity. Average velocity (v⃗av ) of a body is
the total displacement covered by that body in a specified direction divided by
the total time taken to cover the displacement. Analytically it can be written as
Lesson 3: Average and Instantaneous
Velocity (2hrs)
Conti…
Sf −Si
Vav =
tf −ti

Where S⃗f is the final position at final time t f and S⃗i is the initial position at
time ti . Average velocity points in the same direction as the displacement.
If the displacement points in the positive direction, the average velocity is
positive. If the displacement points in the negative direction, the average
velocity is negative.
Key Concept: Average velocity is the total displacement of a body over a time
interval.
Lesson 3: Average and Instantaneous
Velocity (2hrs)
Conti…
To determine the velocity at some instant, such as t = 1.0 s, or t =
2.0 s etc., we study a small time interval near that instant.
Instantaneous velocity and speed
As the time intervals becomes smaller and smaller, the average
velocity over that interval becomes instantaneous velocity.
Instantaneous velocity of a body is its velocity at any time t.
For a body that undergoes uniform motion, the velocity of the body
is uniform and the average velocity and the instantaneous velocity
are the same.
Lesson 3: Average and Instantaneous
Velocity (2hrs)
Conti…
Instantaneous velocity can be positive or negative.
The magnitude of the instantaneous velocity is known as the instantaneous
speed.
Key Concept: Instantaneous velocity is the velocity of a body at a specific
instant in time.
Example
1. A student attained a displacement of 360 m north in 180 s. What was the
student’s average velocity?{Ans: vav=2m/s }
Lesson 3: Average and Instantaneous
Velocity (2hrs)
Conti…
2. A girl jogs with an average velocity of 2.4 m/s east. What is her displacement after 40
seconds?{Ans: ∆⃗S = 96 m East}
3. A bus moving along a straight line towards west covers the
following distances in the given time intervals. Calculate the
average velocity of the bus for each time interval.
{Ans: v⃗1 =v⃗2=v⃗3=40km/h; Therefore, for each time interval, the average velocity of the car is
constant. This implies that the car is undergoing uniform motion.}
4. Athlete 1 completes 100m in 55 seconds and athlete 2 completes the same distance in 50
seconds. Compare their average speeds. Which athlete has higher average speed?
Lesson 4: Acceleration (2hrs)
At the end of this section, you should be able to:
define acceleration;
 calculate the average acceleration of a body if its velocity changes from
some initial value to final value in a given time.
Brainstorming
1. If the initial and final velocities of a car are the same, what will be its
acceleration?
2. Is the direction of the acceleration always in the direction of the
velocity?
Lesson 4: Acceleration (2hrs)
The discussion of motion with varying velocity can be dealt with by the
introduction of the concept of acceleration.
Acceleration is a vector quantity and is a measure of how much the velocity of
an object changes in a unit of time (in one second). Acceleration is denoted by
⃗a and its SI unit is 𝑚 𝑠2 , that is, meters per second squared or meters per
second per second.
For example, if a runner travelling at 10 km/h due east slows to a stop, reverses
direction, and continues her run at 10 km/h due west, her velocity has changed
as a result of the change in direction, although the magnitude of the velocity is
the same in both directions.
Lesson 4: Acceleration (2hrs)
Conti…
Acceleration occurs when velocity changes in magnitude (an increase or
decrease in speed) or in direction, or both as shown in Figure. 3.6. Acceleration
is, therefore, a change in speed or direction, or both.

Figure 3.5 Figure 3.6 (a) positive acceleration (car

speeding up) and (b) negative acceleration (car
Key Concept:TAcceleration is the rate of change of velocity.
slowing down
Lesson 4: Acceleration (2hrs)
Conti..
If the initial velocity of a body is vi at a time ti , and the final velocity is v f at a
time t f , the average acceleration is, from the definition,
∆V Vf −Vi
aav = =
∆t tf −ti

If a body starts from rest, then the initial velocity is zero (v⃗i = 0). If the
velocity of a body decreases, then the final velocity is less than the initial
velocity. Such motion is called decelerating motion. Deceleration is called a
negative acceleration. If the body comes to rest, the final velocity is zero (v⃗f =
0).
Lesson 4: Acceleration (2hrs)
Conti…
Example
1. A train moving in the east direction accelerates from rest to 36
km/h in 20 s. What is the average acceleration during that time
interval? {Ans: 0.5𝑚 𝑠2 }
2. A car travelling at 7.0 m/s along a straight road accelerates 2.5
m/s2 to reach a speed of 12.0 m/s. How long does it take for this
acceleration to occur? {∆𝒕 = 𝟐𝒔}
Lesson 4: Acceleration (2hrs)
Conti…
3. Define acceleration and state its units.
3. A car accelerates from 10 m/s to 28 m/s in 6 s. Find the average acceleration.
4. An aircraft decelerates at 0.5 𝑚 𝑠 2 . After 8 minutes its velocity has dropped to
160 m/s. Find its initial velocity.
5. A runner jogs 12 km North then turns and runs 16 km East in three hours.
◦ a)What is his displacement?
◦ b)Calculate his average speed.
◦ c)Calculate his average velocity (including the direction).
Lesson 4: Acceleration (2hrs)***
Conti…
Motion with constant acceleration
The simplest kind of accelerated motion is straight-line motion in
which the acceleration is constant.
This means that the velocity changes at the same rate throughout
the motion.
The average and instantaneous accelerations are equal.
For motion with constant acceleration we have six basic equation.
Lesson 5: Uniform Motion (2hrs)
At the end of this section, you should be able to:
define uniform motion;
give examples of uniform motion.
Brainstorming
1. What meant by uniform motion?
2. What is the acceleration for a uniform motion
Lesson 5: Uniform Motion (2hrs)
Uniform motion is the motion of an object along a straight line with
a constant velocity or speed in a given direction.
In a uniform motion, an object travels equal distances in fixed
intervals of time.
In fact, a moving body does not have a uniform speed throughout
its motion. Sometimes the body speeds up or slows down, and other
times it moves with a constant speed.
This is why describing motion in terms of average quantities
(average speed and average velocity) is highly important.
Lesson 5: Uniform Motion (2hrs)
Conti…
Some examples of a uniform motion are a car moving on a straight road with a fixed speed (as
shown in Figure 3.7) and an airplane flying with constant speed in a given direction.

Figure 3.7 A car moving with a constant speed

without changing the direction of mo- tion.

Key Concept:
Motion at a constant velocity or uniform motion means that the position of the object is
changing at the same rate.
Lesson 5: Uniform Motion (2hrs)
Conti…
Some examples of a uniform motion are a car moving on a straight
road with a fixed speed (as shown in Figure 3.7) and an airplane
flying with constant speed in a given direction.
The uniform rectilinear motion has the following properties:
◦ The acceleration is zero (a=0) because neither the magnitude of
the velocity nor its direction changes.
◦ On the other hand, the average and instantaneous velocities have
the same values at all times.
Lesson 6: Graphical Representation
of Motion (4hrs)
At the end of this section, you should be able to:
plot s-t and v-t graphs;
define the slope of a motion;
calculate the velocity from S-t graph and acceleration from v-t graph.
Brainstorming
1. Consider the following S-t graph of two cars in
motion on a straight line as shown in Figure above.
Which car is moving faster and why?
Lesson 6: Graphical Representation of
Motion (4hrs)
Conti…
2. Table below shows the displacement of a cyclist on the way to school. Draw the displacement vs. time graph of the
cyclist. Displacement (m) 0 80 160 240 240 280

3. Activity : Graphs that tell stories Time (s) 0 20 40 60 80 100

A velocity–time graph can tell the story of a journey. Here is one driver’s description of a recent trip.
We crawled along through the city traffic at 6 m/s for five minutes. Then we left the city, and we gradually
accelerated to 24 m/s in 20 s. We kept going at this speed for two minutes, but then I noticed an accident on the road
ahead and I braked, so that we came to a halt in 8 s.
a)Draw a graph to represent this journey. (Remember, all the times must be in seconds.) From your graph, calculate the
car’s acceleration and deceleration.
b)Calculate the total distance travelled by the car. Now, make up your own story and challenge a partner to draw the
graph and make the calculations.
Lesson 6: Graphical Representation of
Motion (4hrs)
A graph is a useful way of showing how something has moved.
To draw a graph, we need information about an object’s position
(displacement) at different times.
The motion of an object travelling even in a straight line can be complicated.
The object may travel forwards or backwards, speed up or slow down, or even
stop. Where the motion remains in one dimension, the information can be
presented in graphical form.

Figure 3.8 The s-t graph for a uniform motion.

Lesson 6: Graphical Representation of
Motion (4hrs)
Conti…
I. Position-Time Graph
A position-time graph indicates the position of an object at any time for motion
that occurs over an extended time interval.
The slope (gradient) of a position (displacement)–time graph is equal to the
velocity(average velocity) of the object. i.e;
rise ∆⃗s
Slope = = = vav
run ∆t
Key Concept:
T The slope of a position-time graph represents the average velocity of an
object.
Lesson 6: Graphical Representation of
Motion (4hrs)
Conti…
Examples
1. Look at the position-time graph. ie; (displacement and distance)-time graph of the particular
jorney. Determine the the spped and the velocity from the graph.

Key Concept: A displacement-time graph shows how far an object has moved.
Lesson 6: Graphical Representation of
Motion (4hrs)
Conti…
2. The graph of the runner’s motion is shown in table below. Draw the graph and
compute the average velocity from the graph.
able 3.2 Table 3.2: Position-time table for the runner.
Position vs. time
Time (s) Position (m)
0 0
1 5
2 10
3 15
4 20
5 25
6 30

{Ans: vav =50m/s and the graph is left as a TIP for you}
Lesson 6: Graphical Representation of
Motion (4hrs)
Conti…
II. Velocity- Time Graph
A graph of velocity against time shows how the velocity of an object changes
with time.,
A velocity-time graph shows how its velocity changes during the motion of the
object.
Key Concept:
i. The slope of a velocity-time graph represents the acceleration of an object.
rise ∆v
Slope = = = aav
run ∆t
Lesson 6: Graphical Representation of
Motion (4hrs)
Conti…
ii. The area under the line of a velocity–time graph is equal to the displacement.
or the distance. 1
𝑏ℎ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒
𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = 2

𝑏ℎ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒

iii. In a uniform motion, the v-t graph is a horizontal line
Examples
1. Calculate the acceleration and the displacement travelled by the train during
the first 300 s of its journey in the Figure below. {Ans:a=0.13𝑚 𝑠2; displacement
= 6750m}
Lesson 6: Graphical Representation of
Motion (4hrs)
Conti… Table 3.3: Velocity vs. time of a car
Time (s) Velocity (m/s)
0 0
1 5
2 10
3 15
4 20
5 25

2. Table above shows the data for a car that starts at rest and
speeds up along a straight line of a road.
(a)Draw the velocity-time graph ; (b) Compute the acceleration
and the displacement from the graph.{Ans: left as a TIP for you}
Lesson 6: Graphical Representation of
Motion (4hrs)
Conti…
Speed Limit and Traffic Safety
Have you ever noticed a traffic sign of a speed limit shown in the
Figure 3.11? What does it indicate and what is its importance?
The Figure 3.11 shows that drivers are required to keep the speed
of their cars at 80 km/hr or below.
Drivers violating this speed limit will be charged by the traffic police
as they may cause danger.
Lesson 6: Graphical Representation of
Motion (4hrs)
Conti…
Nowadays, vehicles moving with very high speed are the main causes for
the death of thousands of people and several property damages as they
cannot be controlled easily during accident as indicated in Figure 3.12.
One can easily read the speed of a car from the speedometer.
Speedometer is a device used to measure the instantaneous speed of a
car.
It is very important to keep the speed of cars at optimum level to save
lives and avoid property damages.
Lesson 6: Graphical Representation of
Motion (4hrs)
Conti…

Figure 3.12 Traffic accident. Figure 3.11 Speed limit in a typical city road.
Lesson 6: Graphical Representation of
Motion (4hrs)

Alexander K, @Physics