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12 views

Embedded System Design_4

Uploaded by

yaddhanapudi PRAVALIKA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EC6102E Embedded System Design

Monsoon 2024-25
Raghu C V
Assistant Professor
Department of ECE, NITC
Embedded Systems

Software

Sensors Actuators

System Core

User Interface
Power Supply
Quality attributes of Embedded Systems

• Two types:
• Operational quality attributes
• Non-operational quality attributes
Operational Quality attributes

• Response
• Measure of quickness of the system
• Gives a measure about the speed at which the system tracks the input
variables
• Application dependent

• Throughput
• Deals with efficiency of the system
• Rate of operation of a defined process over a stated amount of time
Operational Quality attributes

• Reliability
• How much % the user can rely upon the proper functioning of the system
• Susceptibility to failures
• Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)
Operational Quality attributes

• Maintainability
• support and maintenance to the user
• Scheduled/periodic maintenance (preventive maintenance) and
maintenance to unexpected failures (corrective maintenance)
• Cartridge change vs paper jam repairing of a printer
• Measure of availability of the system to the user
• Mean Time to Repair (MTTR)
Operational Quality attributes
• Security
• Confidentiality - Protection of data and application from
unauthorized disclosures
• Integrity - Protection of data and application from unauthorized
modification
• Availability - Protection of data and application from unauthorized
users e.g: IoT systems
• Safety
• Safety of operators, public and the environment
• Sudden (Blast) or gradual (hazardous emissions)
• e.g: Bio-medical devices
Non-Operational Quality attributes

• Testability and Debugability


• All the designed features should be testable - How do you test a
parachute?
• Any failures should be debuggable
• Evolvability
• Evolvable to new hardware and software technologies?
• Portability
• Measure of system Independence
• Re-work required for a new product
Non-Operational Quality attributes

• Time to prototype/Market
• Time elapsed between the conceptualization and the time at which the
product is ready for selling
• Highly competitive market
• Rapid Technology changes
• Better approaches for faster design, manufacturing, testing etc.
Non-Operational Quality attributes

• Per unit cost and revenue


• Fix Optimum cost for the product
• Application area dependent
• Design, manufacturing, materials etc. to be analysed properly
• Better approaches for faster design, manufacturing, testing etc.
Some General Terms
Micro processor and Micro Controller

Micro Processor
Central Processing Unit capable of performing arithmetic/Logical Operations
Contains Control Unit, ALU and Working Registers
Dependent unit - needs combination of other hardware units
General Purpose in design and operation
Intel 4004 is considered to be first microprocessor in the world

Micro Controller
Integrated chip contains CPU, Special/General Purpose Registers,
Program Memory, and other peripherals like Timer, ADC, dedicated I/O ports.
Can be considered as a super set of micro processor
TMS1000 from TI is considered as the world’s first micro controller
CISC vs RISC Architecture
• CISC (Complex Instruction Set • RISC (Reduced Instruction Set
Computing) Computing)
• Complex Instructions • Average number of complex
• implemented fully using hardware instructions used is generally low
• Faster execution • Why not implement them using simple
• Higher hardware budget instructions?
• Lesser hardware use
• Increased load on software
Harvard vs Von-Neumann Architecture

• Harvard • Von-Neumann
• Separate buses for instruction and data • Single shared bus for instruction and data
fetching fetching
• Easier to pipeline – Higher performance • Low performance
• Higher cost • Lower cost
• No chance of accidental corruption of • Chances for accidental corruption of
program memory program memory
Big-Endian Little-Endian

• Higher order of data at the higher memory and lower order of data in the
lower memory – Little endian
• Lower order of data at the higher memory and higher order of data in the
lower memory – Big endian

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