SLIDE 1

:We will be discussing Part 4: Intervention and Prevention Strategies

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:For chapter 11 we will be talking about community interventions

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:At the end of the chapter you will be able to: *read*

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:Now 1st let us talk about what is community intervention
:Community interventions
- Refers to actions that address social problems or unmet human needs
within a community
:Intentional actions to promote change that can be expressed in different
ways depending on the needs of the community.

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:There are two types of community interventions professionally-led and
grassroots intervention
:Ano ba yung Professionally-led Intervention or yung tinatawag nating
traditional Intervention this type of intervention Involves a programs planed
and implemented by professionals. Example: A psychologist teaching
positive social skills to teenagers to help them resist peer pressure for
substance use.
:The other one is the grassroot or participatory intervention wherein
programs Involve active participation and collaboration from the community.
Collaborations with the neighbors through active citizen participation. Ano
yung type ng collaboration na to like for example Identifying issue or
problem, gathering information and resources, analysis of issue, setting
goals and objectives.
Example Scenario is when In a neighborhood facing security concerns,
residents work together to decide on the best course of action.

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Importance of designing effective program
:Programs that are designed to work effectively are called evidence-based
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:So ano nga ba tong evidence-based it is an approach to interventions that
is based on prior research that systematically demonstrates the program’s
effectiveness
: To ensure success, community interventions should be based on empirical
evidence and research. Effective programs are often built on previous
successful models and adapted to the specific community context.

Slide 8
Steps to Implementing Community Interventions Effective community
interventions are built on the following steps:
1. Assessing Community Needs: Identify unmet needs or problems
through research and engagement with community members.
2. Ensuring Community Readiness: The success of interventions
depends on how ready and willing the community is to participate and
accept the intervention.
3. Designing the Program: Use evidence-based strategies from prior
successful interventions.
4. Collaborating with the Community: Active participation from
community members in both the planning and implementation
phases.
5. Evaluation and Feedback: Continuously evaluate the intervention's
effectiveness, gather feedback, and modify as needed to improve
results.
 SLIDE 9
:There are two key dimension in interventions 1st is effectiveness and 2nd is
Implementation

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EFFECTIVENESS
-Strongly rooted in the tradition of Kurt Lewin’s (1946) action
research.
-Refers to the achievement of the results intended by the
interventions
-Indicator of how well the intervention works
-The key for improving effectiveness is to base programs on previous
research evidence and to apply strategies of further research to
support the effectiveness of the program.

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-Assessment of effectiveness
:Empirical Analysis is Research and the result of which fall strictly on
observable and verifiable evidence

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How do community psychologist increase intervention effectiveness
:By using the sequence planning – action – fact-finding
:It is a leranign cycle based on experience to improve effectiveness
:So how does it work?

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I. Theory guides our action (Plan)
II. Implement the intervention (Action)
III. Evaluative research is used to check the effects of the action
(Finding)

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:The next key dimension is implementation
: Refers to the execution of a community intervention program.
: Successful implementation depends on the program’s design and
effectiveness, as well as the community's readiness and willingness to
participate.
:If the community is not interested in the program, it is unlikely to be
accepted or utilized effectively.
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:Next is the importance of community dynamics
: community dynamics is crucial in shaping the type of intervention, whether
traditional (expert-led) or community-driven.
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 :Important factors in the implementation process include
: Theory: While theoretical frameworks guide interventions, practical
elements are essential for lasting change.
 Skill Levels: The knowledge and skills of program implementers
matter significantly.
 Community Readiness: The interest and preparedness of
community members for change play a vital role.
 Resource Availability: access to necessary resources is critical for
successful implementation.
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Example of a program that applies the important factors of
implementation like the community readiness

Communities That Care Program:

Represents concern for awareness of community contexts and the
implementation process (Oesterle et al., 2015).

 This is a Community Psychology program that aims to reduce

drug dependency, criminal behavior, violence, and other harmful
behaviors among adolescents.
 Local coalitions involve various organizations that deliver
consistent messages promoting healthy norms and practices.
 Community agents select evidence-based practices tailored to
local needs, ensuring joint responsibility for implementation

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Key Implementation Factors
 Intensity and Continuity: Programs must be sustained over time to
achieve meaningful impact. For instance, a single social skills session
is less effective than a semester-long program.
Community Support: Active community involvement enhances program
effectiveness across multiple levels.

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Key Implementation Factors for Alcohol Abuse Prevention:
 Community readiness: The social norms on alcohol consumption,
the sensitivity of the population on the problems associated with drug
abuse and the levels of community organization condition
effectiveness of preventive actions.
 Capacities: The intervention is a process dependent on the operator
and the reactions of the community. The history of application of the
program in a specific context and the competencies of the program
facilitators also influence the results.
  Transfer science practice: The proper functioning of programs with
a suitable theoretical design depends in practice on the interaction
between organizational and community aspects in the specific
context in which they are implemented.
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Transforming Community Contexts
When addressing problems through community interventions,
understanding the environment and potential partners is crucial (Shinn &
Toohey, 2003). Contexts, including neighborhoods and community settings,
significantly influence these interventions.

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We can illustrate this with the following examples involving refugees and
the approaches of several countries in dealing with this issue.
 Colombia: Displaced persons fleeing political violence can access
housing, but often end up in segregated areas with others
experiencing post-traumatic stress.
Spain: Incoming refugees stay in public “reception centers” that offer basic
needs like housing, food, health services, language courses, and
employability workshops. However, only a small percentage find work,
restricting their access to psychosocial resources.

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Ecological Approaches in Community Interventions
Second-order changes:: Interventions should address broader ecological
factors, not just individual behaviors. For instance, providing job
opportunities can create sustainable change.
LETS TAKE CHILD LABOR AS AN EXAMPLE
 Child Labor:
 o Effective programs should enhance self-esteem and skills but
also improve parents' income to reduce reliance on child labor.

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Many factors needs to be considered when developing different Community
Psychology Interventions because we must remember that there are
multiple ecological levels of community based interventions for example in
this figure where the context of the intervention is with regard to child labor
at multiple ecological levels