Reviewer in Intacc 3 - Intermediate accounting 3

BS Accountancy (AFAR001)

Chapter 1 effects of past events and do not necessarily

provide nonfinancial information
FINANCIAL STATEMENT
- means by which the information accumulated
and processed in financial accounting is 1. FINANCIAL POSITION
periodically communicated to the users - comprises assets, liabilities, and equity of an
- structured financial representation of the entity at a particular moment in time
financial position and financial performance - pertains to liquidity, solvency, and the need
of an entity of the entity for additional financing
2. FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE (results
of operations)
General purpose financial statements – intended to - comprises revenue, expenses, and net income
meet the needs of users who are not in a position to or loss of an entity for a period of time
require an entity to prepare reports tailored to their - it is the level of income earned by the entity
particular information needs through the efficient and effective use of its
resources
Components of financial statements - portrayed by income statement and statement
1. statement of financial position of comprehensive income
2. income statement 3. CASH FLOWS
3. statement of comprehensive income - cash receipts and cash payment arising from
4. statement of changes in equity the operating, investing and financing
5. statement of cash flows activities of the entity
6. notes, comprising a summary of significant - useful in assessing the ability of the entity to
accounting policies and other explanatory generate cash and cash equivalents
information FINANCIAL REPORTING
Objective of Financial Statements - principal way of providing information
To provide information about the financial position, - provision of financial information about an
financial performance and cash flows of an entity that entity to external users that is useful to them
is useful to a wide range of users in making economic in making economic decisions and for
decisions assessing the effectiveness pf the entity’s
management
To meet this objective, FS provide the following: - encompasses not only the financial
statements but also other means of
a. assets
communicating information that relates
b. liabilities
directly or indirectly to the financial
c. equity
accounting process
d. income and expenses, including gains and
- Includes:
losses
a. Financial statements
e. contributions by and distributions to owners
b. Financial highlights
in their capacity as owners
c. Summary of important figures
f. cash flows
d. Analysis of fs
• information in the notes will assist users of
e. Significant ratios
financial statements in predicting the entity’s
cash flows and in particular their timing and Objective of financial reporting
their certainty
To provide financial information about the reporting
• fs do not provide all the information that
entity that is useful to existing and potential investors,
users may need to make economic decisions,
lenders and other creditors in making decisions about
because fs largely portray the financial
providing resources to the entity

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TO PROVIDE INFORMATION THAT IS USEFUL 1. Fair presentation and compliance with PFRS
FOR DECISION MAKING - Fair presentation is achieved if FS are
prepared in accordance with PFRS which
Target users of financial reporting
represents GAAP in Philippines
Existing and potential investors, lenders and other Fair presentation – faithful representation of the
creditors which compose the primary user group, they
effects of transactions and other events in accordance
have the most critical and immediate need for
with the definitions and recognition criteria for assets,
information in financial reports, because they provide liabilities, income and expenses laid down in the
resources to the entity
Conceptual Framework
Specific objectives of financial reporting
It requires an entity:
a. To provide information useful in making
a. To select and apply accounting policies in
investing and credit decisions about
accordance with PFRS
providing resources to the entity
b. To present information including accounting
b. To provide information useful in assessing policies, in a manner that provides relevant
the cash flow prospects of the entity
and faithfully represented financial
c. To provide information about entity information
resources, claims and changes in resources
c. To provide additional disclosures necessary
and claims
for the users to understand the entity’s
Limitations of financial reporting financial statements

a. Do not and cannot provide all of the Permit to depart from standard
information that existing and potential
a. In an extremely rare circumstances
investors, lenders and other creditors need b. When management concludes that compliance
b. Not designed to show the value of a reporting
with the standard would be misleading
entity but these reports provide information
c. When departure from the standard is necessary
to help the primary users estimate the value to achieve fair representation
of the entity
c. Intended to provide common information to DISCLOSE the following:
users and cannot accommodate every specific
request for information a. The management has concluded that the
financial statements present fairly the
d. Based on estimate and judgement rather than
financial position, financial performance and
exact depiction
cash flow of the entity
b. The title of the standard from which the entity
has departed, the nature of the departure,
1. Management of an entity – primary
including the treatment that the standard
responsibility for the preparation and would require, the reason why that treatment
presentation of financial statement
would be so misleading and the treatment
2. Board of directors – reviews and authorizes
adopted
the financial statements for use before these c. For each period presented, the financial
are submitted to the shareholders of the entity
impact of the departure on each item in the fs
3. Management – accountable for the that would have been reported in complying
safekeeping of the resources and their proper,
with the requirement
efficient and profitable use
4. Shareholders – interested in information that 2. Going concern
helps them assess how effectively
- Accounting entity is viewed as continuing in
management has fulfilled this role
operation indefinitely in the absence of
General features of financial statement evidence to the contrary
- Also known as continuity assumption

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- particularly relevant when management shall - Information is material if omitting,
make an estimate of the expected outcome of misstating or obscuring it could reasonably
the future be expected to influence the economic
- It is the very foundation of the cost principle decisions that primary users of general
- In making assessment about the going purpose financial statements make
concern assumption, management shall take - Three important aspects of materiality:
into account all available information about 1. Could reasonably be expected to
the future of at least twelve months from the influence
end of reporting period o Adds an element of reasonability of
financial information
o It insures that information capable of
3. Accrual basis influencing economic decision of the
- Income is recognized when earned regardless primary users shall be included in the
of when received and expense is recognized financial stamen
when incurred regardless of when paid 2. Obscuring information
- Recognition of AR, AP, prepaid expense, o Info is obscured if presenting or
accrued expenses, deferred income, and communicating it would have a similar
accrued income effect as omitting or misstating the
- Effects of transactions and other events are information
recognized when they occur and not as cash o Information presented is not readily
or cash equivalent is received or paid, and understood or not clearly expressed
they are recorded and reported in the o May be characterized by vagueness,
financial statements of the periods in which ambiguity, and abstruseness
they relate
3. Primary users
o Include existing and potential investors,
4. Materiality and aggregate lenders and other creditors
- Entity shall present separately each material o Considered because these groups are the
class of similar items users to whom general purpose financial
- Entity shall present separately items of statement are primarily directed
dissimilar nature or function unless they are Materiality
immaterial
- Line items – item which final stage in the - Depends on the relative size rather than
process of aggregation and classification is absolute size
the presentation of condensed and classified Factors of materiality
data
a. Cash and cash equivalent – cash on hand, 1. Relative size of the item in relation to the
petty cash fund, cash in bank, and cash total of the group to which the item belongs
equivalents 2. Nature of the item
b. Inventories – finished goods, goods in
process, raw materials and
manufacturing supplies 5. Offsetting
- When is item material?
o Dependent on good judgement, - Assets and liabilities and income and
professional expertise and common sense expense, when material shall not offset
o Knowledge of it would affect the decision against each other
of the primary users of the financial - May be done when it is required or permitted
statements by PFRS
6. Frequency of reporting

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 ➢ At least annually 1. When it is required by another standard
➢ When entity presents period longer or 2. When a significant change in the nature of the
shorter, they shall disclose the following: operations of the entity will demonstrate a
a. The period covered by the financial more appropriate revised presentation and
statements classification
b. The reason for using a longer or shorter
It is inappropriate for an entity to leave accounting
period
c. The fact that amounts presented in the FS are policies unchanged when better and acceptable
alternatives exist.
not entirely comparable
Identification of financial statement

7. Comparable information Following shall be prominently displayed:

➢ Except when permitted or required 1. Name of the reporting entity
otherwise, an entity shall disclose the 2. Whether the financial statements cover
comparative information in respect of the individual entity or a group of entities
previous period for all amounts reported in 3. The end of reporting period or the period
the current period’s fs covered by the financial statement or notes
➢ Comparative information shall be included 4. Presentation currency
for narrative and descriptive information 5. Level of rounding used in the amount in the
when it is relevant to an understanding of the financial statements
current period’s financial statements
Third statement of financial position
Chapter 2
Required when:
ASSETS
a. Applies an accounting policy retrospectively
b. Makes retrospective restatement of items in • A present economic resource controlled by
the FS the entity as a result of past event
c. Reclassifies items in the FS Economic Resource – a right that has potential to
produce economic benefits
Under these circumstance, entity shall present three
Essential characteristics
statements of financial position:
1. Controlled by the entity
1. End of the current period 2. Result of past event
2. End of the previous period
3. Has potential to produce economic benefits
3. Beginning of the earliest comparative period
Current assets
1. The asset is cash or a cash equivalent unless
8. Consistency of presentation
the asset is restricted to settle a liability for
➢ Principle of consistency – requires that the more than twelve months after the reporting
accounting methods and practices shall be
period
applied on a uniform basis from period to
✓ Cash equivalent – a short-term, highly-
period liquid investments that are readily
➢ It is desirable and essential to achieve
convertible into known amount of cash
comparability of financial statements
and which are subject t an insignificant
➢ It does not mean that no change in accounting risk of changes in value
method can be made
▪ It has a short maturity of
Change in presentation and classification of items is three months or less from
allowed: the date of acquisition

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 ▪ Equity securities cannot Presentation of current assets
qualify but preference
a. Cash and cash equivalents
shares with a specified
b. Financial assets at fair value through profit
redemption date can
2. The entity holds the asset primarily for the or loss
c. Trade and other receivables
purpose of trading
d. Inventories
➢ It is acquired primarily for the purpose
of selling it in the near term e. Prepaid expenses
➢ It is part of identified financial Noncurrent assets
instruments that are managed together
and for which there is evidence of a a. Property, plant and equipment
recent actual pattern of short-term b. Long-term investments
profit taking c. Intangible assets
➢ It is a derivative d. Other noncurrent asset
3. The entity expects to realize the asset within
twelve months after the reporting period
➢ Refers to short-term nontrade 1. PPE
receivables ➢ Tangible assets which are held by an entity
o which represents claim arising for use in production or supply of goods and
from sources other than the services, for rental for others, or for
sale of merchandise in the administrative purposes, and are expected to
ordinary course of business be used during more than one period
o classified as current if ➢ Major characteristics
collectible within one year A. PPE are tangible assets
from the end of reporting B. PPE are used in business
period C. PPE are expected to be used over a
4. The entity expects to realize the asset or period of more than one year
intends to sell or consume it within the 2. Long-term investments
entity’s normal operating cycle ➢ Investment – an asset held by an entity for
➢ Operating cycle – time between the the accretion of wealth through capital
acquisition of assets for processing distribution such as interest, royalties, rent
and their realization in cash or cash etc. for capital appreciation or for other
equivalents benefits to the investing entity
▪ When not clearly 3. Intangible assets
identifiable, duration is ➢ Identifiable nonmonetary asset without
twelve months physical substance
✓ Operating cycle of a trading entity – ➢ It must be controlled by the entity as a result
average period that it takes to acquire of past event and from which economic
the merchandize inventory, sell the benefits are expected to flow to the entity
inventory to customers and ultimately ➢ Identifiable if:
collect cash from the sales o It is separate or capable of being
✓ Operating cycle of a manufacturing sold, transferred, licensed, rented or
entity – acquisition of materials exchanged separate from the entity
entering into a process and their o It arises from contractual or other
realization in cash or an instrument that legal rights
is readily convertible to cash
LIABILITY
➢ Normal operating cycle is important as it is
the basis of determining the proper ➢ Present obligation of an entity to transfer an
classification of assets economic resources as a result of past events
➢ Essential requisites:

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 ✓ Entity has a present obligation; liable without impairing the legal capital of the
must be identifies entity
✓ The obligation is to transfer an 2. Non-distributable equity – portion that
economic resource cannot be distributed to the shareholders in
✓ The liability arises from past events any form during the lifetime of the entity

Current liabilities Example of reserves

a. The entity expects to settle the liability within a. Share premium reserve or additional paid-in
the entity’s normal operating cycle capital
b. The entity holds the liability primarily for the b. Appropriation reserve or technically known
purpose of trading as retained earnings appropriated
c. The liability is due to be settled within twelve c. Asset revaluation reserve or revaluation
months after the reporting period surplus
d. The entity does not have an unconditional d. OCI
rights to defer settlement of the liability for at
least twelve months after the reporting period
Presentation of current liabilities Forms of statement of financial position

1. Trade and other payables a. Report form – sets forth the three major
sections in a downward sequences
2. Current provisions
3. Short-term borrowing b. Account form – assets are shown to the left
side and the liabilities and equity on the
4. Current portion of long-term debts
right side of the statement of financial
5. Current tax liability
position
Noncurrent liabilities
- Residual definition
Chapter 3
Working capital
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
- Excess of current assets over current
- Provides a narrative description or
liabilities
disaggregation of item presented in the
financial statements and information about
items that do not qualify for recognition
EQUITY
- Used to report information that does not fit
- Residual interest in the assets of the entity into the body of the statements in order to
after deducting all of the liabilities enhance the understandability of the
statements
Revaluation surplus – excess of sound value over
carrying amount of the revalued asset Purpose of note to financial statements

Sound value – equal to the fair value or depreciated 1. Present information about the basis of
replacement cost preparation of the financial statement and he
specific accounting policies
Depreciated replacement cost – equal to replacement 2. Disclose the information required by the
cost minus accumulated depreciation PFRS
Reserves – use is based on whether a reserve is part 3. Provide additional information which is not
of distributable equity or non-distributable entity presented in the financial statement but is
relevant to an understanding
1. Distributable equity – portion that can be
distributed to shareholders as dividends Order of presenting the notes

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1. Statement of compliance with PFRS Compliance with PFRS shall make an explicit and
2. Summary of significant accounting policies unreserved statement of such compliance in the
used notes
o It shall disclose the following:
▪ Measurement basis used – historical Accounting policies – specific principles, methods,
practices, rules, bases and conventions adopted by
and current value; current value
an entity in preparing and presenting financial
includes fair value, value in use,
fulfillment value and current cost statements
▪ Accounting policies used – Accounting standards – set out the required
management shall consider whether the recognition and measurement principles that an
disclosure would assist users in entity shall follow in preparing its financial
understanding how transactions, other statements, and shall often prescribe the accounting
events and conditions are reflected in policy to be adopted
the FS
▪ Judgements
• Whether financial assets are to be
measured at fair value or at
amortized cost
• Whether in substance particular RELATED PARTIES
sales of goods product financing
arrangements and therefore do Parties are considered related parties if one party
not give rise to revenue has:
▪ Disclosure of estimation uncertainty –
1. The ability to control the other party
disclose the information about the
- Control
assumptions it makes about the future,
o power over the investee or the power to
and other major sources of uncertainty
govern the financial and operating policies
that have a significant risk of resulting
of an entity so as to obtain benefits
in a material adjustment to the carrying
amount of the assets and liabilities o Ownership directly or indirectly through
subsidiaries of more than half of the
o Notes shall include the nature and carrying
voting power of an entity
amount of the assets and liabilities at the
2. The ability to exercise significant influence over
end of reporting period
the other party
3. Supporting information or computation for
- Significant influence
line items presented in the financial
statements o Power to participate in the financial and
operating policy decision of an entity, but
4. Other disclosures
not of those control
a. The domicile and legal form of the entity,
its country of incorporation and the o May be gained by share ownership of 20%
or more
address of the registered office or
o Usually evidenced by:
principal place of the business
▪ Representation in the board of directors
b. A description of the nature of the entity’s
▪ Participation in policy making process
operations and its principal activities
▪ Material transactions between the
c. The name of the parent and the ultimate
investor and the investee
parent of the group
▪ Interchange of managerial personnel
d. Amount of dividends proposed or
▪ Provision of essential technical
declared before the fs were authorized for
information
issue but not recognized as distribution
3. Joint control over the entity
e. The amount of any cumulative preference
- Contractually agreed sharing of control over
dividends not recognized
an economic activity

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 3. Outstanding balances necessary for an
understanding of the financial statements
Examples of related parties
1. Entities that directly or indirectly through
one one more intermediaries, control or are 1. Amount of the transaction
controlled by or under common control with 2. Amount of the outstanding balance, terms
the reporting entity and conditions, whether secured or
2. Associates – entities over which one part unsecured, and nature of consideration
exercises significant influence 3. The allowance for doubtful accounts related
3. Venturer in a joint venture to the outstanding balance
4. Key management personnel – persons 4. The expense recognized during the period in
having authority and responsibility for respect of doubtful accounts due from
planning, directing and controlling the related parties
activities of the entity
Key management personnel disclosure
5. Close family members of an individual –
those family members who may be expected 1. Short-term employee benefits
to influence or be influenced by that 2. Postemployment benefits
individual in their dealings with the entity 3. Other long-term benefits
6. Individuals owning directly or indirectly an 4. Termination benefits
interest in the voting power of the reporting 5. Share-based payment transaction
entity that gives them significant influence
over the entity
7. Postemployment benefit plans for the Unrelated parties
benefit of employees of an entity, or of any
entity that is related to that entity 1. Two entities simply because they have the
same director or key management personnel
2. Providers of finance, trade unions, public
Examples of related party transactions utilities and government agencies in the
course of their normal dealings
- Transfer of resources or obligations between 3. A single customer, supplier, franchisor, or
related parties, regardless of whether a price general agent with whom an entity transacts
is charged a significant volume of business merely by
1. Purchase and sale of goods virtue of the resulting economic dependence
2. Purchase and sale of property and other 4. Two venturers simply because they share
asset joint control over a joint venture
3. Rendering or receiving services
4. Leases Exempted from normal disclosures:
5. Transfer of research and development 1. A government that has control, joint control
6. Finance arrangements or significant influence over the entity
7. Guarantee and collateral 2. Other entities controlled, jointly controlled
8. Settlement of liabilities on behalf of the or significantly influenced by the same
entity or by the entity on behalf of another government
party
To apply the exemption, they need to disclose the
Related party disclosure following:
Entity shall disclose the: 1. The name of the government and the nature
1. Nature of the related party relationship of the relationship with the reporting entity
2. Information about the transactions

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 2. The information on the nature and amount f. Discovery of fraud or errors
of each individually significant transactions 2. Non-adjusting events – indicative of conditions
with the government that arise after the end of reporting period
a. Business combination after the reporting
Related party disclosures not required
period
1. Intragroup related party transaction; b. Plan to discontinue an operation
2. Outstanding balances c. Major purchase and disposal of assets or
expropriation of major asset by government
Pricing policies d. Destruction of a major production plant by a
1. Uncontrolled price method – sets the price fire after the reporting period
by reference to comparable goods sold in an e. Major and potential ordinary share
economically comparable market to a buyer transactions after the reporting period
unrelated to the seller f. Announcing or commencing an
2. Resale price method – often used where implementation of a major reconstructing
goods are transferred between related parties g. Abnormally large changes after the
before a sale to an independent party is reporting period in asset prices or foreign
made; reduces the resale price by a margin, exchange rates
representing an amount from which the h. Entering into significant commitments or
reseller would seek to recover costs and contingent liabilities
make an appropriate profit i. Commencing major litigation arising solely
3. Cost plus method – seeks to add an from events that occurred after the reporting
appropriate markup to the supplier’s cost period
4. No price method j. Change in tax rate enacted or announced
after the end of reporting period that has a
significant effect on current and deferred tax
asset and liability
EVENTS AFTER REPORTING PERIOD
- Those events, where favorable or
unfavorable, that occur between the end of Chapter 4
reporting period and the date on which the
financial statements are authorized for issue Income statement
- Known as subsequent events - formal statement showing the financial
performance or profit or loss of an entity for
a period of time
Types of events after the reporting period - Useful in predicting the capacity of the
entity to generate cash flows from existing
1. Adjusting events – provide evidence of
resources
conditions that exist at the end of reporting
period Financial performance of an entity – primarily
a. Settlement after the reporting period of a measured in terms of the level of income earned
court case by the entity through the effective and efficient
b. Bankruptcy of a customer which occur after utilization of resources
the reporting period
c. Sale of inventories after the reporting period Transaction approach – conventional or
d. Determination after the reporting period of traditional preparation of income statement in
the cost of assets purchased or the proceeds conformity with PFRS
from assets sold before the end of reporting o Requires the determination of how much
period income was earned during the year and
e. Determination after the reporting period of how much expenses incurred
the profit sharing or bonus payment

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 Presentation of comprehensive income
Comprehensive income 1. Two-statement approach
2. Single statement approach
- Change in equity during a period resulting
form transactions and other events, other Sources of Income
than changes resulting from transactions
1. Sales of merchandize to customers
with owners in their capacity as owners
2. Rendering of services
Profit or loss 3. Use of entity resources – interest, rent,
royalty, and dividend income
- Total income less expenses, excluding the
4. Disposal of resources other than products –
components of other comprehensive income
gain on sale of investments, gain to sale of
- Bottomline of the traditional income
PPE and gain on sale of intangible assets
statement
Components of expense
Other comprehensive income – comprises items of
income and expenses including reclassification 1. Cost of goods sold
adjustments that are note recognized in profit or loss 2. Distribution costs or selling expense –
constitute costs which are directly related to
1. OCI that will be reclassified subsequently to
selling, advertising, and delivery of goods to
profit or loss
customers
a. Gain or loss from translating
3. Administrative expense – cost of
financial statements of a foreign administering the business
operations
4. Other expenses – expenses which are not
b. Unrealized gain or loss on
directly related to the distribution and
derivative contracts designated as a administrative function
cash flow hedge
5. Income tax expense
c. Unrealized gain or loss on debt
investments measured at fair value Items of income and expense requiring
through OCI disclosures
2. OCI that will be reclassified to retained
1. Writedown of inventory to net realizable
earnings
a. Unrealized gain or loss on equity value and reversal of such writedown
2. Writedown of PPE to recoverable amount
investment measured at fair value
and reversal of such writedown
through OCI (reclassified to retained
earnings upon disposal of 3. Reconstructuring of the activities of an
entity and reversal of any provision for the
investments)
cost of restructuring
b. Change in revaluation surplus
(realization is through retained 4. Disposal of an item of PPE
5. Disposal of investment
earnings)
c. Remeasurements of a defined 6. Discontinued operation
benefit plan (not recycled to PL but 7. Litigation settlement
8. Other reversal of provision
may be transferred within equity or
retained earnings) Line items in the statement of comprehensive
d. Gain or loss attributable to credit income
risk of a financial liability
designated at fair value through 1. Revenue
profit or loss (may be recycled to 2. Gain or loss from derecognition of financial
equity or retained earnings) asset measured at amortized cost
3. Finance cost

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 4. Share of income or loss associate and joint a. Share capital (capital stock)– funds
venture accounted for using the equity contributed by shareholders equal to the par
method or stated value
5. Income tax expense b. Share premium – funds contributed by
6. Gain or loss on reclassification of financial shareholders in excess of par or stated value
asset from amortized cost to FVPL c. Retained Earnings – may be unappropriated
7. Gain or loss on reclassification of a financial or appropriated
asset from FVOCI to FVPL
Statement of changes in equity
8. A single amount comprising discontinued
operations - Formal statement that shows the movements in
9. Profit or loss for the period the elements or components of the shareholders’
10. Other comprehensive income equity
11. Comprehensive income for the period - Shall present showing:
1. Comprehensive income for the period
Disclosed on the face of the income statement and
2. Effects of changes in accounting
statement of comprehensive income
policies and correction of errors
1. Profit or loss attributable to noncontrolling 3. A reconciliation between the carrying
interest and owners of the parent amount at the beginning and end of the
2. Total comprehensive income attributable to period, separately disclosing changes
noncontrolling interest and owners of the from:
parent a. Profit or loss
b. Each item of other
comprehensive income
Forms of income statements c. Transaction with owners in their
capacity as owners showing
1. Functional presentation separately contributions by and
o Traditional and common form of income distributions to owners
statement
o Also known as cost of goods sold method Statement of retained earnings
o Classifies expenses according to their - Shows the changes affecting directly the
function
retained earnings of an entity
2. Natural presentation
- Now part of the statement of changes in equity
o Referred to as the nature of expense - Important data affecting the retained earnings:
method
1. Net income or loss for the period
o Expenses are aggregated according to
o Added because it increases retained
their nature and not allocated among the
earnings and net loss is deducted
various functions within the entity
because it decreases retained
earnings
2. Prior period errors
Chapter 5 o Shown as adjustment of the
Equity beginning balance of retained
earnings
- residual interest in the assets of an entity after o Understated +
deducting all the liabilities o Overstated -
- Equivalent of net assets (total asset – total 3. Dividends declared and paid to
liabilities) shareholders
o Deducted from the retained earnings
Subclassification:
4. Effect of change in accounting policy
o Understated +

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 o Overstated -
5. Appropriation of retained earnings
o Amount of appropriation is
deducted from unappropriated
balance f retained earnings
o Reasons for appropriation
1. Legal requirement -
2. Contractual requirement
3. Entity policy

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1. Which is a purpose of the notes to financial
statements?
a. All of these
2. What is the purpose of information presented in
the notes to financial statements?
a. To provide disclosures required by
GAAP
3.

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