CHAPTER 4 : COMPLEX NUMBER 10.

10. For each of the following equations, determine the other root and the value of k if :
2 2
1. Solve the following equations : (a) 2 + i is a root for z + kz + 5 = 0 (b) 2 + 3i is a root for z + 4z + k = 0
2 2 2
(a) 2z – 3z + 2 = 0 (b) 3z = 5z – 7 (c) z(z + 6) = 2(z – 4) 11. For 2z + kz + p = 0, where k, p are real constants, find the value of kp if
one of its roots is :

2. Simplify the following in the form of a + bi : (a) 2 – i (b) 1 + 3i

2
(a) (5 + 4i)(5 – 4i) (b) (3 + 4i) 12. Determine the modulus and argument for each of the following :

(c) (2 – 3i)
2
(d) ( 6 – 2 i)
2 (a) –2 – 2i (b) –2 + 2i (c) 6 + 2 3 i

3. Simplify the following in the form of a + bi : 13. Given that z = 2 + i and w = –1 + 3i , find the modulus and argument for :
(3  2i )2 z
(a) (b) 2i (a) (b) izw (c) (z + w)*
3i
w
(2  3i )2
(1  2i )2 (1  i )(1  2i )
(c) (d) 14. Find the value / values of k if :
(1  i )2 1 i
(a) │k – 2 + ki│= 10 (b) │k – 2 + 2i + ki│= 2 10

2 (c) arg(3 + ki) =  (d) arg(3 3 + ki) = – 

4. Find the values of z + w, z – 2w, wz, w for z = 2 + i and w = 3 – 2i. 4 3

3  7i 5  59 i
1 (a) (b) (c) –2 ± 2i
5. Given that z = 2 – i and w = 3 + 2i, simplify the following in the form of a + bi : 4 6
2 2 2
(a) (z*) + i(w*) (b) i(z + w*) 2 (a) 41 (b) –7 + 24i (c) –5 – 12i (d) 4 – 4 3 i

3 (a) 3  41i (b) 2  29i (c) 4  3i (d) –2 + i

6. Given that z = x + 2i and w = x + xi, evaluate the imaginary part of : 10 169 2
(a) z + w* (b) zw
4. 5 – i , –4 + 5i , 8 – i , 5 – 12i 5 (a) 15 + 9i (b) 30 + 16i

2
7. Given that z = x + 2i and w = x + xi, evaluate the real part of : 6 (a) 2 – x (b) x(x + 2) 7 (a) x – 2 (b) 2x + 4x

(a) iz + w* (b) zw* + wz*

8 (a) 2 + 7i (b) 2 + 4i (c) –2 ± 2i 9 (a) (1,1) (b) (1,–1)

8. Let z = x + yi , find z if : 10(a) 2 – i , –4 (b) –6 – 3i, –3 – 24i 11(a) –80 (b) –80
2
(a) 2z + 3z* = 10 – 7i (b) z + 4z* = 10 – 12i
12(a) 2 2 , – 3 (b) 2 2 , 3 4 3,
(c) z + 4z + 8 = 0
(c)
4 4 6

9. Find the values of x and y for each of the following equations : 1 , –1.429
13(a) (b) 5 2 , –2.356 (c) 17 , –1.326
(a) (2x + y – 3) + (4y – x – 3)i = 0 (b) (x – 2y) + (x + y)i = 3 2

14(a) –6, 8 (b) ±4 (c) 3 (d) –9

E4-1
CHAPTER 4 : COMPLEX NUMBERS – PAST YEAR QUESTIONS (STPM)

9. If z is a complex number such that │z│= 1, find the real part of 1 . [6](08)
1. If z and w are two complex numbers, show that zw* + z*w is a real number. [4](93)
1 z

2. If z = x + xi, where x is a non-zero real number, show that

10. The complex number z is such that z – 2z* = 3 – 3i, where z* denotes
z – z* = i (z + z*) and 1 = i  1  . [6](97) the conjugate of z.
z* z
(a) Express z in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers. [3]
(b) Find the modulus and argument of z. [3]
3. If w = a + bi and z = x + yi, where a, b, x and y are real numbers, are two
z (c) Represent z and its conjugate in an Argand diagram. [2](11)
complex numbers such that w = , show that
1  iz
4 2
x ( x 2  y 2  y ) 11. Find the values of k if (z + 1) is a factor of f(z) = (z + 2) – (z + k) .
a= 2 2
and b = 2 . [6](98)
x  ( y  1) x  ( y  1)2 For each respective values of k, solve f(z) = 0.

2
4. If (x + yi) = x + yi, where x and y are real numbers, find the possible values 12. Find all the roots of the following equations :
of x and y. 3 2 3 2
[5](98) (a) z + 4z + 8z + 8 = 0 (b) z – 5z + 12z – 18 = 0
4 3 2 4 3 2
(c) z – 6z + 13z – 4z – 24 = 0 (d) z + 8z + 16z – 25 = 0
2  ai
5. Determine the value of a if is a real number and find this real number. [4](99)
1 2 i 4. (0, 0) or (1, 0) 5. a = 2 ; 2 6. ( 1 , 1 ) or (– 1 , – 1 )
2 2 2 2

6.
2
If (x + i y) = i, find all the real values of x and y. [6](03) 7(a) – 3 + i or 3–i (b) │z│= 2 , arg = –  or 5
6 6

8. – 13 – 9 i 9. 1 10(a) – 3 – i (b) 2 ; – 5
7.
2
The complex numbers z1 and z2 satisfy the equation z = 2 – 2 3 i. 25 25 2 6

(a) Express z1 and z2 in the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers. [6] 11. 0, [–1, –4, 1 (3 ± 7 i)] ; 2, (–3, –2, –1)
2
(b) Represent z1 and z2 in an Argand diagram. [1] 12(a) –2 , –1 ± 3 i (b) 3 , 1 ± 5 i
(c) For each of z1 and z2, find the modulus, and the argument in radians. [4](05)
(c) –1 , 3 , 2 ± 2i (d) –5 , 1 , –2 ± i

2 (1  3i )
8. Simplify . [6](07)
(1  3i )2

E4-2
 (e) (cos  – i sin  ) (sin  – i cos  )3
3
COMPLEX NUMBERS (DE MOIVRE THEOREM) (f)
6 6 6 6
1. Express the following complex numbers in polar form : 4
   i sin  
 cos 
6 
(g) (cos  + i sin  ) (sin  – i cos  ) 
2 4 6
(a) 1 + i (b) 4 – 4i (h) 3
6 6 6 6 
 sin   i cos  

 6 6 
(c) 1 + 3 i (d) –3 + 3 3 i
(1  i 3 )5
(e) 3–i (f) –2 3 – 2i (i) (cos  – i sin  )2(sin 7 – i cos 7 )4 (j)
8 8 16 16 ( 3  i )4

2. Simplify the following : 2 10 (1  i )5

(k) (1 + 3 i) ( 3 – i) (l)
4 3 (1  i )3
(a) (cos θ + i sin θ) (b) (cos θ – i sin θ)

1 1
(c) (d) 7. Given that z = cos θ + i sin θ. Find the values of
cos θ  i sin θ cos θ  i sin θ

(a) z + 12 (b) z + 13
2 3
10
(e) (1 + i) (f) (1 + 3 i)12 z z

(c) z – 14 (d) z – 15
4 5
3. Find the modulus and argument of z, such that z = 13  5i . z z
4  9i
6
Hence, evaluate z .
n n
(e) z + 1 (f) z – 1
n
z zn
4. Find the modulus and argument of z, such that z = 5  i .
2  3i
4
Hence, evaluate modulus and argument of z .
If z + 1 = 1 and z = cos θ + i sin θ, find the value of z + 14 and z – 14
4 4
8.
z z z

3
5. Given that z = – 1 + i. Evaluate z9.
2 2
If z – 12 = i and z = cos θ + i sin θ, find the value of z + 16 and z – 16 .
2 6 6
9.
z z z
6. Simplify the following :

8 8 6 6 10. If z = cos θ + i sin θ, where sin θ ≠ 0, express 1 in the form a + bi,

(a) (1 + 3 i) + (1 – 3 i) (b) ( 3 + i) + ( 3 – i) 1  z cos θ
with a and b are real constants.
(c) 32 (d) 16
(1  i )8 ( 3  i )6

E4-3
11. Find the square roots of the following complex numbers :
3. 2 ,  ; –8i 4. 2 , – ;4, 5. 1
4 4
(a) cos 4θ + i sin 4θ (b) 4(cos 2θ + i sin 2θ)
6(a) –256 (b) –128 (c) 2
(c) –4i (d) 1 + 3 i
(d) – 1 (e) –i (f) –1
4
12. Find the third roots of the following :
(g) –1 (h) 1 (1 + 3 i) (i) –i
(a) –1 (b) 8i (c) –8i 2

(j) –2 (k) –512(1 + 3 i) (l) 2

13. Solve the following equations :
7(a) 2 cos 2θ (b) 2 cos 3θ (c) 2i sin 4θ
3 6
(a) z + 8 = 0 (b) z – 1 = 0
(d) 2i sin 5θ (e) 2 cos nθ (f) 2i sin nθ
4 3
(c) z – 16 = 0 (d) (z – 1) – 27 = 0
8. –1 ; – 3 i 9. 0 ; 2i 10. 1 + i cot θ
4 3 3
(e) (z – 2) – 1 = 0 (f) (z – 1) = 8z
11(a) ±(cos 2θ + i sin 2θ) (b) ± 2 (cos θ + i sin θ)
4 2 5 3 2
(g) z + z + 1 = 0 (h) z + z + z + 1 = 0
(c) ± 2 (–1 + i) (d) ± 1 ( 3 + i)
4 4 4 4 2
(i) (z + 2) = 16(z – 1) (j) (z – 1) = 16(z + 1)
12(a) 1 (1 + 3 i) , –1 , 1 (1 – 3 i) (b) –2i , 3+i,– 3+i
2 2

(b) 4 2 [cos     + i sin    

   
1(a) 2 (cos  + i sin  ) ] (c) 2i , – 3 – i , 3–i
4 4  4  4

(b) ±1 , ± 1 (1 ± 3 i)
(c) 2(cos  + i sin  ) (d) 6[cos 2 + i sin 2
13(a) 1 + 3 i , –2 , 1 – 3 i
3 3 3 3
] 2

(c) ± 2 , ± 2i (d) 4 , 1 (–1 ± 3 i)

(e) 2[cos     + i sin     4[cos   5  + i sin   5  ]
        2
] (f)
 6  6  6   6 
(e) 1 , 3 , 2 ± i (f) –1 , 1 (2 ± 3 i)
7
2(a) cos 4θ + i sin 4θ (b) cos 3θ – i sin 3θ (c) cos θ – i sin θ
(g) ± 1 (1 ± 3 i) (h) ± i , 1 (–1 ± 3 i) , –1
2 2
(d) cos θ + i sin θ (e) 32i (f) 4096
(i) 0 , 4 , 2 (1 ± 3i) (j) –3 , – 1 , 1 (–3 ± 4i)
5 3 5

E4-4
COMPLEX NUMBERS (A LEVEL)
5. The complex number 2 + i is denoted by u. Its complex conjugate is denoted by u*.

1. The complex number 1 + i 3 is denoted by u. (a) Show, on a sketch of an Argand diagram with origin O, the points A, B and C
representing the complex numbers u, u* and u + u* respectively.
(a) Express u in the form r(cos θ + i sin θ), where r > 0 and – < θ ≤ . [2] Describe in geometrical terms the relationship between the four points
2
Hence, find the modulus and argument of u and u .
3
[3] O, A, B and C. [4]

(b) Express u in the form x + iy, where x and y are real.

2
(b) Show that u is a root of the equation z – 2z + 4 = 0, [3]
and state the other root of this equation. [2] u*
−1  1 
(c) Sketch an Argand diagram showing the points representing the (c) By considering the argument of u , prove that tan  4  = 2 tan   .
−1
[2](J06)
complex numbers i and u. [2](J02) u* 3  2

6. The complex number 2 is denoted by u.

2. The complex number 2i is denoted by u. 1  i
The complex number with modulus 1 and argument 2 is denoted by w.
2
(a) Find the modulus and argument of u and u . [6]
3
(b) Sketch an Argand diagram showing the points representing the
(a) Find in the form x + iy, where x and y are real, the complex numbers 2
complex numbers u and u . [2](J07)
w, uw and u . [4]
w
7. The variable complex number z is given by z = 2 cos θ + i(1 − 2 sin θ),
(b) Sketch an Argand diagram showing the points U, A and B representing where θ takes all values in the interval – < θ ≤ .
the complex numbers u, uw and
u respectively. [2]
w (a) Show that │z − i│= 2, for all values of θ. [3]

(c) Prove that triangle UAB is equilateral. [2](J03) (b) Prove that the real part of 1 is constant for – < θ ≤ . [4](J08)
z 2i

2
1(a) 2(cos  + i sin  ) ; 4, 2 ; 8, 
3. Find the roots of the equation z − z + 1 = 0, giving your answers
(b) 1 – 3 i
in the form x + iy, where x and y are real. [2] 3 3 3
Obtain the modulus and argument of each root. [3]
3
3
Show that each root also satisfies the equation z = −1. [2](J04) 2(a) – 1 + i ; – 3–i; 3–i
2 2

3. 1 (1 ± 3 i) ; 1 ; –  , 
2
4. Solve the equation z − 2iz − 5 = 0, giving your answers in the
2 3 3
form x + iy where x and y are real. [3]
(a) Find the modulus and argument of each root. [3]
4. 2 + i, –2 + i ; (a) 5 , 0.464 ; 5 , 2.68
(b) Sketch an Argand diagram showing the points representing the roots. [1](J05)

5(a) OABC is a rhombus (b) 3 + 4 i 6(a) 2 , − 3 ; 2, 

5 5 4 2

E4-5
 2
8. Solve the equation z + ( 2 3 )iz − 4 = 0, giving your answers in the form
x + iy, where x and y are real. [3] 8. 1 – i 3 , –1 – i 3 ; (b) 2, –  ; 2, – 2
3 3
(a) Sketch an Argand diagram showing the points representing the roots. [1]
(b) Find the modulus and argument of each root. [3] 5a – 10 i
10. 1 − i 3 11. 3 12(a) (b) −2
(c) Show that the origin and the points representing the roots are the a2  4 a2  4
vertices of an equilateral triangle. [1](J09)
13. – 3 + i, – 3 – i ; 2 , 5 ; 2 , – 5
6 6
9. The variable complex number z is given by z = 1 + cos 2θ + i sin 2θ,
where θ takes all values in the interval −  < θ <  .
2 2 COMPLEX NUMBER (MISCELLANEOUS)
(a) Show that the modulus of z is 2 cos θ and the argument of z is θ. [6]
1. Express the complex number z = 1 + [cos  – i sin  ] in polar form.
3 3
(b) Prove that the real part of 1 is constant. [3](J10)
The complex number zw has modulus 6 and argument 3 .
z
4
3 2
10. The equation 2x − x + 2x + 12 = 0 has one real root and two complex roots. Find the complex number w in exact polar form. [6]
Showing your working, verify that 1 + i 3 is one of the complex roots.
3
State the other complex root. [4]  z  4i 
2. Solve the equation   = 1, giving your answers in the form x + yi.
On a sketch of an Argand diagram, show the point representing the roots.. [2](J10)  2i 
Represent the roots of the equation in an Argand diagram. [6]

11. The complex number u is defined by u = 6  3i . 3. Solve the equation (z + i)* = 2iz + i. [4]
1 2i

Find the modulus of u and show that the argument of u is −  . Express (1 + i) in the form a + bi, where a, b  .
2
[4](J11) 4.
2
2
Hence, find the roots of the equation (z + 3) = –8i. [4]
12. The complex number u is defined by u = 5 , where the constant a is real.
a  2i 5.
3 2
Verify that –2 + 3i is a root of the equation z + 5z + 17z + 13 = 0,
and determine the other roots of the equation. [4]
(a) Express u in the form x + iy, where x and y are real. [2]

(b) Find the value of a for which arg(u*) = 3 , where u* denotes the 6. Solve the simultaneous equations iw + z = –1 – i and 2z – (1 + i)w = 20 .
3 i
[4]
4
complex conjugate of u. [3](J11)
; 2 3 [cos 11 + i sin 11
   
1. 3 [cos    + i sin    ] ]
2
13. Find the roots of the equation z + 2 3 z + 4 = 0,  6  6 12 12
giving your answers in the form x + iy, where x and y are real. [2]
2. 3 + 3i , 6i , – 3 + 3i 3. 1 (–4 + 2i)
State the modulus and argument of each root. [3] 3
6
Verify that each root also satisfies the equation z = –64. [3](J11) 4. 2i ; –5 + 2i , –1 – 2i 5.–1 , –2 – 3i 6. w = –2 + 2i , z = 1 + i

E4-6
 3a  5 i
7. The complex numbers z and w are such that z = and w = 1 + 13bi,
1  2i
7. a=5,b= 7 8. 1 ; 5
where a and b are real. Given that z* = w, find the values of a and b. [4] 13 32 6

 (8k  1)    (8k  1)  
Given that z = 2 [cos  + i sin  ] and w = 4[cos 3 – i sin 3 ] , 2[cos 
9.  + i sin   ] , k = 0, 1, 2 ; –192i
8. 12   12 
6 6    
z*
find the modulus and argument of . [5]
w3 10. 1 ; 5 ; – 16 11. 2, 1 ( 2 ± 6 i)
8 6 8 4
9. Find the three complex numbers z0, z1, z2 that satisfy the equation
3 12(a) 1 ;  (b) 1 13. 2 ; – 7 ; 12
z – 4 2 + 4 2 i = 0. Give your answers in polar form. [4] 2 12

2 (cos 11 + i sin 11

6 6 6
Hence, evaluate w, if w = z0 + z1 + z2 . [4] 14. ); –8
12 12
(1  i )2
10. Find the modulus and argument of the complex number z, where z = . [4]
(1  i 3 )4
6 STPM PAST YEARS
Hence, evaluate z . [3]
1. The complex number z is given by z = 1 + 3 i .
3
11. Find all the roots of the equation ( 2 z – 1) = 1 in the form x + yi. [4] (a) Find │z│and arg z. [3]
5
2 (b) Using the de Moivre’s theorem, show that z = 16 – 16 3i . [3]
   i sin 

 cos 
 4 4  4
z in the form x + yi, where z* is the conjugate of z and x, y .
12. Consider the complex number z = (c) Express [3](13)
   i sin 
3 z*
 cos 
 3 3 
2 2i
(a) Find the modulus and the exact value of the argument of z. [3] 2. Given that z = .
(1  3 i ) 2
n 2
(b) Find the least positive integer n such that z is purely imaginary. [3] (a) Find the real and imaginary parts of z . [4]

(2  2i )3 Hence, obtain z1 and z2 which satisfy the above equation. [6]

13. Given that z* = , find the exact values of │z│and arg(z) . [4]
2
( 1  3 i ) 4 (b) Given that z1 and z3 are roots of 5x + ax + b = 0, where a and b are integers.
n
Hence, state the smallest positive integer n such that z is a real number. [2] (i) Find the values of a and b. [3]

(ii) Determine z3, and deduce the relationship between z1 and z3. [3](13)
14. The complex numbers z and w are given by z = 1 – i and w = –1 + 3 i.

1(a) 2 ; 
w
Express z in polar form. (b) 4 – 4 3i
3
  6 
w
Hence, find the value of Im    . [5] 2(a) 3 ; – 4 ; 2 – 1 i , – 2 + 1 i
 z   25 25 5 5 5 5
(b) (i) a = ± 4, b = 1 (ii) 2 + 1 i or – 2 – 1 i ; conjugates
5 5 5 5

E4-7
 Express the complex number 6 – i 2 in polar form.
3. 2 2 [cos     + i sin     ]
3. [4]    
3  6  6
Hence, solve the equaion z = 6 – i 2 . [5](14)
1.3927 – 0.2456i , –0.4837 + 1.3289i , –0.9090 – 1.0834i

(b) cis 
iz
4. The complex numbers z and w are given by z = –1 + i and w = . 4(a) i ; real part = 0 and imaginary part = 1
1  iz 2
(a) Find w in the form x + yi, where x, y  . State the real and imaginary (c)
3 1
+ i, –
3 1
+ i and –i
parts of w. [3] 2 2 2 2

(b) Express w in polar form. [3] 3 3  

5. z = 2 [cos (– ) + i sin (– )] , w = 2 [cos + i sin ];
4 4 3 3
(c) Using de Moivre's theorem, determine the cube roots of w. Give your
answer in cartesian form. [5](15) 2
16
[cos 7 + i sin 7 ]
12 12
5. Complex numbers z and w are given by z = –1 – i and w = 1 + i 3 .
6 2 2 6 6 2 2 6
Express z and w in polar form. [5] 6(a) + i,– + i, – – i, – i
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
z9
Hence, express the complex number in the form r (cos θ + i sin θ),
w8 7(a) Re(z) = –4 , Im(z) = 4 3 (b) 2 +i 6 , – 2 –i 6
where r > 0 and – < θ ≤ . [4](16) 8. 3 – 2i
4
6. (a) Solve the equation z = –2 + i 12 , giving the roots in Cartesian form. [7]
(b) Show the roots on an Argand diagram. [3](17)

2
7. A complex number z has modulus 8 and argument .
3
(a) Find the real and imaginary parts of z. [3]
1
(b) Determine z in Cartesian form.
2 [4](18)


8. A complex number, z, is such that | z – 1 | = 2 2 and arg (z – 1) = – .
4
Express z in the form a + bi, where a and b are real constants. [4](19)

E4-8