Institute Examiner

Sign.of Net
worh
PATTERN
Total
sketches
2023
Mandal's
of
A 10
and
diagrams
6
(214545)
Prasarak
Total
page. Computey
Group Centre
Answer:
ofMediumn
9
of
case
this Unit D
-NoV
eC
Shikshan Examination:
8
in on
writing
exXcept
END 2019
SEM
7 BCN
Section
JSPM's
prohibited
start
BCA
Jayawant and
sides
strictly
of
found
coret
Date Suppliments
4
both
is
& inkon
Sqnature
3 or Write
pencil
SPFU Basic
Name
Institute
of the
entnes Of (
2
Name, No. coloured
Figures) No.
Words)
SPM
J(R) SupervIso's Paper+
Book
Vanfied
&
all of
(ln (In Date
&
Day
/ Ans. Question Obtained
Use
No No SubjectCourse Marks
Roil Roll Main No.
Jr
 betutehihsulahon
ehtap
hoeto-hor,
in to
the end topoint- i ov drta
used deliver add
resr in
Pg./Suppl
No S
-client
eyp hand
an bit SRapre flo of used
in
layer layer intefale
card
2o23
|Date.
layer termed to J6 othe withbulk
reliability.
achieve a
MCA
the ten
ec end pyovideit host a hot: is on Conceyn
Connechon
betueeh he of
is
fourthi data
ofunit bot
ueeh
upp.Te
D Second to iH layer: any uop is
tocal sending
MoV- desinaton umber
nt. Yeqpires
end host. me LitHle it
Yathey
than Seg Trunsport Networkidentify also Bo
thethe
modeland Cal
ConneChish -
because Poyt and Conferencing
haveyeqvive
V-Unit
I iSan a Pyotble
is to
a host
and layer
delieYy
layey cals.
The is
liably
Ye a
uses_TCe
uneli
gt
at
to layey the onented
h ond pro
to
laye delivey endlayey link
of Proc(elS Unigyuely e-nd
Explain
how messogeConnection
e andto
OSImodel Tyansport sid MachinP
Responsibilities used
End tyansport
-
to nhol çasing
vedio
spoYt Data -
mainly Cahon
the
SouYte in Connecion
Supervisor's
Name to
end Co
stateles
Signature
&
Date
layex
TYan SeYyi(es ressDyogran
add to appli multi
Poiot PYocess
while host
Contain like
to EndThe eyror
Roll
No he it
Q70)
-
 jinfobing
ot
ah
on
ter -
(onge)hios
foy
technigue vjged
mplith
SoUYefchotsmultipli ayo
TCP
ditfoet
ot sidbto You It
Pa chani slo acosehdey
the technigues
Pg./Suppl.No: yunnin9(esJ. many of addithieineajp
me model.
and
ceivey dataand uhich
Date: po loss ol the
too Te/IP
p
send
USe yp iou
is which co Contol to Poteo|)
PotDr)
wbich flow
focal
black Patocdl)
thatthe Va he Potoal)
Simultanpous send to loss pe
oafast
due
ing from
Comingin bucket
flow cottol
due of ou windoe Laypr:
eceie ion
plex network
qt
Yeauirpd to wind
action
Tranymis)
iSasituation v)desALMQ
overflowiog proude
layer some PiotecoJ)
Data
Control o(ol)
Podotol)
emulti attempt a Poyt Congestion
Trans
leaty siding cun Po
D (en+ imposing SendingTans
allows
a Contol: Iayer it CTYansmijsion channel
(orto Tallc Datu
and over iS
0emulhplexing
the a nttoak
duta
obtuin adja oatu
o of gram
Statt decteue
Co tansport
)tol:
Flow data by of m
plexing
NulhiMulhplexing Congestioh Tee the byHhod of ea Aeple
CUsey Data
fibevRelgdr
application geshan
(on receiveypYoto
cals Sth
Supervisor's
Name
buffers tonttol. me C CCPC A
Signature
&
Date
behupen
Prevent CC
o(us. ceveY
Ve Si2p
the TCPUDpTP Te FcPC
cati
ve The SC D A ROP
Roll
No. Hheby
 techligA
netuoy by alqbth
Pg./Suppl.No: patket Capacihy tyopfole out
buchet itaen buchot
jn inte
Date: the in and Sent
ae of
ot pesent
ot sSent hen out oePh buchhet
tohen systen toKens a token
No
one los Maxim
uh
to
thenis
iSYeady
thm
algon Packet hold tuo sendhae
and iS arean) Sent
be tokos
Conttol of
algon
algoith fon
Bucket
Alyoyithm intuals is holdsbe
buchet pey
ante
delay
pachet hos
a andthore to Packe of
Cannot bucket nehtutio
detail. In
Yegulay yemoved
fom
bCket waiting
many Pachot fif
step. bucket
*Algoyittm
causepacket
it
tuo
(b)
figue
leu Bucttet
toy
Cong
estion Ca)
tho SUPPoje ele
the too
If
chot
Pa ure are
algoyithm The
fbucket exomple jn
Supervisor's
Name
Signature
&
Date b)Explainhen When degludes
To fig
3: Pache
to
Steel:Step2. : then In In The
Roll
No.
SteP Step
* * "
Supervisor's Name Pg./Suppl.No:
Signature & Date Date:
Roll No.

Casy a Vatiable
He CounteY is ince
ìn ment and hph decre meyt)
wheneVeY patket is Sent.
* leaky Butket Alyosto
It ij a tat he Shaping mechanis that Gatathe
a mount atd rate of taffic set to netuork
leqhy huthet algoithm shapes burst tattic ioto fited
Yafe toa ffic DYaging dota ute
* Algsith stees (Wovk ing)
Stee:L et us_imagin p_abuthet with
/maginPa Small holes at
botom where the yate at which water isiJ poued into
buchet Con Stan t
and Can vary bt H Lea tu
tho n buthet ot contt ant Yate.
Step 2: So he ate at wich wateY leaksdoe) nat dPyeh
Yate at which the watey id jput to buchot
Ste P 3 IE butket
bucket fol! adoitiong! watey tht Pntey
into Hhe bultet that sPill ooY Side Qnd ij at
Steph: Thus Hhe Same Con cept applie) to
ngtwot.
Lt leaty buckot the data lou
would be 9 second Thus copStant flo
iS majntaine
How
 Pg./Suppl.No:
Supervisor's Name |Date:
Signature & Date
Roll No.

)C Ex plain Thyee way Hand shake algoth n foy TCe

Coppethjon establishment.
TCP onnection Establuh ment
Conpechon establish ment n a TCP Sess ion is injhg)ize
hYough thyee -uway hand shate.To estublish the lonnet
One Side Cseruey) Passively wait foy an intoming
(onnecth on y execu hng the LISTE N and 4CCEP T
Pin iives erthe Spei tying aSPecihic SoUYte.
othey side cclient) Cxecutes a (oNWECt Pinithve
Speityi ng the p and Port to which it
wants Co)net the MariMUm TcP segme t Sie
it is willing Qcept and oPhionally sem ujey dat
f9 Shous the TCP cohne chon establish nent in nsy hal cue
qnd call (oNneChon

Ho

5717

|o)TeP connecion esqbluhnet b) Cal collision

ín the noY m) Case
 te x would requlrd
sho X) jd =y
Sey Y) See)
ment
Seg
blo Chon qLLept
hestu would and y
hand
CRymesfage |560
econ it
Pg./Suppl.No:
Repest
-wqy ACK it y
ent stepsbe
transmitte
Accepted and x, sgm can
Date:
three ttey ndX the Yejett The
XtIX Yeject-
a foy
MSS machine
Connecions
mi
nnech'bnJ
A(eptedcseg,= the um dupler.
a trons Coptirms
tifiey to (Maxim
of.
Si2e
ack
nouledge
identity
Connechion
&
using. to shake
Co on valoe Stute
with id wanted
wanted
handMSS full
Jends
establisheb identhey
X.
Connectonthe tte
mi
Own )
CACk
cal aeYelase
Re;ect MaxiMUm.
yCAck finite
es mittey typi
tYans the their
mitey Yepli its
meJ
oge onnethion
vier
Yece
to its tans Co and
nneions
ofSpecihyA ain
re(eiver the
A trans
Connech'on firm
Con YRileyS the
accept
a
he
Reject par4 establishiDg
Supervisor's
Name
Date
&
Signature
tostaYt
finally +he iS
Yeceivey
Yeplesented
The The foy Send
Send As that
Roll
No. to the Cun
 Supervisor's Name Pg /Suppl. No.
Signature &Date Date:
Roll No.

Q8 )o what is a Socket? Explain he various Socet

PrimiivS and types of socket with Exqhple
S ocket
A SeYver Usually ooperates an Single devicr apd has
Co nnectoy that is (onne(ted o 9ieh desinohoy
Part
The Set bey Simply checks reathing to
lompunj anon demand Ron client.
Ln diet end the US eY iS aware of donain namp
ot computey opevaing dato base as upll as
deinghon add veU to whith data buse (onnechd
- To initate
(ommunicahoh 4uey
to (onnet to data bae Vja pr ydP (ompuh
and netuoyk
The clint MUSt alyo Mark tselt to data bajp by
binding to Yegiona! 1P addves that wiJ) be
Used foy this Communicatoh. The
mahìn p noYm qlly
assigns his
If every thing goeJ a(Coyding to plan he data baP
appears Hhe
liak upon appyova! the dato base
Socet
Veuves a lew Connpcted to (etuin SPe Giic
Payt and hos its Viral adoptr LonGgued to
Costome domaia and addves
acknou leoge a Soctet êi
etko chively end
Use Conn ectoy to estblish (onn ecti ona
 Supervisor's Name Pg./Suppl.No:
Signature & Date Date:
Roll No.

¥ TyPesof Sochet
|. Data gYam Sothet : Thi type
typt
ot netuo k uhich ha
(oDNehon less point or Sending and ve ceiying patKet
It iS Similar to mailL box The lette posted ioto the
box ave collected
(ollPtod and deliered to letter bk.
2- Stredm Sochet:
In Compotey operahngSyitem a stteam sochet ype
ot inteY pyo (esJ CommUnjcatiOn Socket or netuwsyk
Socket hich poude Conne tion - onented
Se qven e and unigut flow of data
wihout kecotd boundai es with wel dehned mechanij n.
foy (ve dhing and dpstroyjng Connetion/ foy dptectiFg ellot
jt is Simlay cto phone.
Conne (ion is Cstablished betwppnphone and a
conVerS ation ta hes Plate
Spy ve client
S oclet J SocKet 0
bind c
liste n )
accept () Connect O
Se nd u
Send reu)
closeu close co
¥ 0eneft of Soctot * Dyauy back -of Socet
(on nehons fullure of SeYL
Servi(es Secuvity
4lexible a(ers Lottly to con figue
USeY acey
ace otttol Cable byahng Sjve
Reouyte Shasing. ·Need administratie time
 applicahon.
Z
Rlogin
generf oMopnce Las Mo Pbt
cien!
the Rloginhas tte
dgemert m not
Sequlleacknowled
Pg./Suppl.No:
Conttol
et'on
Cong normqly
to the OPuvate
follows
as of
Sequ number
ackaawle
Date:
sent thatotheside
the
strohe
Key butea
Keyftohr Clieht the withThi
eXePt
aye timeRachcharetes with Sequence the
the bytetothe
uses
flow
data teytroke
a Ciat
actie
at peata Cchoeo
oAch byteting next thing
Se the dota 3se
and
control
flow te
by ledgment
acKAOW the
intoy SereYJ
ystem; d¡taby tbe
The On. 3
ine
TCP this|to
numbey
of SendsSeYvey
displayed th¹
Sends vecived
fil,
Sutsess
thePachet.
ea
ch
interachive No
in
mehaniSms ernote cho j
the
to 2also
Sequeneom
Tee client
Supervisor's
Name
Signature
&
Date
OiSCusS
data
a A
TeP/IP iS
I 2lineSequehle liaeiAe
line
client he
Roll
No. Hhetyp le
b)
 Sane the
an)
data Congejh Implehented
deay
oh
wil) Sovxe se
sliding lo of ent
ACh sen
going to Yanmision
Ypt ALM
insted i wmich congesion leaty thebotervoiding mechaniSm
avojd
to
the
iwohiny many loop
OPen
Pg./Suppl.No:
data
is calleda
data
hae
to Cl,So
datoa. to- (onto
a a
and
oh Proide
longesth ckase
Date: too enabling
and
Tcp pabcol
Protocol. dup the avE
CcAA)
algor'this
je A thee jf Colttol send
toattempt
which he
moV
Ye
de that
data. it
uses frastyutoye
in
vece inVeases TCe Cogto)
Congestion
sllt
ASa
rej mpuhanisn
nework
flowwindow
wËndo e
it hapingthe Situationin ltiplcati
mu aj
fhe
nefwovt
an
layey
toSee
stant
jn wth ot wayl ovithns
al
(onttol
divehon oin
sliding SouY(ehe
fovm Si the
int
packets
netwok
Ack dlong (onholibutfeys
start
Control
oCCuy YentPYevegt dante
Layey
col.This
+he different netwoy
k he difte collapSe
Ptive
(ong
the SameSent200 se toy contto collapse.
iALye Conge
hiup AvojTce
Jiok iS tom
Packet shuyed
ota
delays upto Poto in to estion
(ong - Hhe
thebe withuses
ACK. Congøtion
gesion
(on techniqup
netwoyk (ongestian
Congeion
additie (onyelti
Supervisor's
Name
Signature
&
Date an dota '(ontol data
(ontol
Tcewindow Youtey Pochet
at
Roll
No.
Send Can of
it
Supervisor's Name Pg./Suppl.No:
Signature &Date |Date:
Roll No.

Com fare: Tce uDP

Basis foy T CP
(om pariSon

Oefaition. TLp esta blishes a UP transmt) the dgta

Virtual cicuit be foye divectly to the d estingti
trans mitthing the data comPutey witheut eityin
wheth ey the recip i
yeady to Yecive oY not
(onnechon Type IT i a Con Dechon Jt iS a co#nneChonles
oyjetted Proto (ol Poto col
SPeed slow high
Reliability It is a Yeliable It is an Uneleia ble
Pro tocal
Pyoto col
Headey Si2e 20 by tes
8 bytes
acknouleb ment it waits for he neither tae
acknowltogrmont
Ond has
of duta the athoul edgment,
the abili
to resend the lost damag ed frame.
Pactets
 Supervisor's Name Pg./Suppl.No
Signature & Date Date:
Roll No.

3Marks]
Dja) Explain TCP wth ts he ader tormat
Tansmissio n Contro proto co l (TCP) is a core protoco| of e
Interne Protoco1 Swte. Tt provides reliable,prelered
and errocr -checked delivecy of ata betoeen applicabn
hosts communiahng Over IP nehoork.
ruoning
features of TP
1 Reliaoiliy nsure that data is received Correctly and in order.
2.flo catrol Manage data trancmiscioo betideen cender
and recever to prevent ouerwhel mingthe recerver
S: (onges Hon Conto) ! Adjuste aa transmission rates
base Conditi DnS to voíd cageltian

TCP header format:

Aleld size DescriptHon

Cbilg)
Source Por t l6 Port numbes of tthe sendin9 appliation
Destinahon Port J6 Poct number oF the reeeiving cpplcahen

32
Sequence number Indiates the sequence number of
the Hrst byte in he
Sgment
B2
Ackrosledgerment
Nurmbe
Con tains the value of thenert
Sequence numbec the sender
except to recoive

Data oFfce 4 Specifies the size of he TCP

header in 32 bit ord
(Tudi cae where the dat
Supervisor's Name Pg/Suppl. No:
Signature &Date
Roll No. SPM |Date:

Iaorking of Tcp:
n TCP the (onnecio0 is established -three
handshaEing
The cien send the gment coith its
sends its
sequence number
the sever returo Sgment withis
Sequen ce number
Sequence cohich is acknoaledaement
clien t 6equence

number. Server
client

open

Segme
Supervisor's Name |Pg./Supp.No:
Signature &Date Date:
JSPM
Roll No.

Advantage of TCP
t provle floo control mechanism using sliding coindoa
Tt provide error cetecHon eCksum.

Disadvan tage
Lorge -Anount

^CP header Format:

Heade Data

Source Port adress Desinaion Port addre8s

I6 bits
Sequence Number
32bit
Acknoaledgement
32 b t
Number
HLEN Reerved windo@ Siz e
bit 16 bi t
Checksurs) Jrgen t po r
pointe
16 bis

Opicn and Padding

SuperviSor's Narme Pg./Suppl. No:
Signature &Date Date:
JSPM
Roll No.

hat is a socket ? Explain yarious Socket primitives

used in client server interachio o coith neat diagfam
Por Stream Socket

Refer ansuwer From solutioo of May June 2023

|What is silly windo Syndrome 2 List diffrent olutioo

to 08er (ome Oit. Explain One Soluio n ct sender side
and receiver side each

refers to a ploblerm in TCP Communicatiog

TCP
whetehe sender send a small amount of data
coiLhowt waitigg for acknocoleolgement of the
data This Can o in efEiciences
previoualy sent
in nefoork usage cund inereased Sender
flood tae netork ith
latens
numeroe
a be
SmaU paclee

Soluion to
to ovecome &illy overcome
Nagle's -Alqorithm : Combiei smal
ougoing message
and sends thom Ofaspache.J
aa si segot to
reducR the number
Delayed Acknooledgementi "The receiver can
serding un acknowlecl ern en for a short period
he sender to send more data beFore
atrrouclednen
3TP oindos Scaling! Adite he size of he Tep
windo to aUlow nre daa
reqiri ac kneuled e men
Supervisor's Name |Pg./Suppl. No
Signature &Date Date:
SM
Roll No.

4 Tpcreasing he meximum Segment size (Mss)

Confiquring
Can hep
the nete0r k to support larger packek
redece the umber of s c paCkes
Sent
5 Application layer Soluton: BufFering clata at the
applicatio0 laye do ensure arqerchanks of de
are sent at once

Sender -side solahioo'

Nlogle's Algorihm: 1:is deished to impove petwork
eFFNeny by praventing smau packets from beinq
Sent oo requenty
Working hen Q TOP sender has smau data to send, t
Checks iE there Lanacknaaledaement data in
flight. E there is coil buEferhe small data
it can be combined coith the preuio e clata

Benefits!
1. Reduced the number of packet he networ k.
9. loef ovesheod

Receiver side So luhion:

Ddayed Acknodledqemenh !
The
recever
delaued Acknauàledement
mechanisro allows the recever to coaE a short
periodbefore seding acknoaledgemen hack to
sender.
This delay ehables the receer to
Cornbinesenera! acknoaledy enent poBen muliple
for thally
Segmen
 Supervisor's Name Pg./Suppl. No:
Signature & Date SP.M Date:
Roll No.

Benefis'
he oumber o packet Sent on henetwork
This reduce
and ean help ovod 4he sill inesss of sending
excessive Smalpacleets oae to ne sender

inpiovigefHieng
congcshon tontro) in transport
b)Wh at do you mean btdEEreht mehods t o aleviate
layer? kAha are the

Ecom Soluoo Nov- Dec- 2022

Refer cnswer