New Technologies for Business Leaders

Deep Learning & Neural Networks

Image and Speech Recognition
Natural Language Processing
Robotics

Fabio Angeletti
[email protected]
What is Deep Learning?
Deep Learning is an AI technique that
uses multi-layered neural networks
to analyze data, enabling machines to
learn complex patterns.

It represents an advanced tier of

machine learning, capable of
interpreting vast datasets to perform
tasks with unprecedented accuracy.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

What are Neural Networks?
Neural networks are algorithms designed to
recognize patterns, modeled loosely on the
human brain's architecture, consisting of
interconnected nodes or "neurons" that
process and transmit information.

These networks are structured in layers: an

input layer that receives data, hidden layers
that compute operations, and an output layer
that delivers the final decision or prediction.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Deep Learning vs. Machine Learning
Unlike traditional machine learning, deep
learning algorithms automatically learn
high-level features from data, using deep
neural networks with multiple layers.

Deep learning models excel in handling

vast amounts of unstructured data and are
particularly powerful in tasks like image and
speech recognition, where they can achieve
accuracy levels that match or even surpass
human performance.
Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders
Construction of Deep Learning Models
Deep learning models are constructed using a hierarchical structure of layers, where
each layer transforms its input data into a more abstract and composite
representation, enabling complex function approximation.

Activation functions introduce non-linear properties to the model, allowing it to learn

and perform more complex tasks by determining which neurons fire in the network
based on the input they receive.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Training Deep Learning Models
Backpropagation is a fundamental algorithm in training deep learning models, used to
efficiently compute gradients of the loss function with respect to the weights of the
network, allowing the model to update its parameters in the direction that minimizes
the loss.

Loss functions measure the difference between the model's predictions and the
actual data, guiding the training process by providing a metric to optimize, ensuring
the model learns accurately from the training data.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Applications of Deep Learning
Image Recognition: Image analysis, object detection, and face recognition, identifying
patterns and features in images.

Natural Language Processing (NLP): Machine translation, sentiment analysis, and

speech recognition. They can understand and generate human language, making
interactions with AI more natural and intuitive.

Autonomous Vehicles: Deep learning algorithms help self-driving cars understand

their surroundings, recognize traffic signs, and make decisions.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Case of Study – Ecopia.AI
Ecopia is using AI to build a digital twin of
the world, converting high resolution
geospatial imagery into comprehensive,
accurate, and up-to-date vector maps for
use in data-driven decision-making across
industries.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Case of Study – Unbabel
Unbabel is the first Language Operations
Platform fueled by an always-on AI that
empowers you to bring in human review when
needed – so you can save as you go and easily
uplevel quality to meet your business needs.

An all-in-one solution for global translations with

real-time quality reporting, customization,
transparency, and control.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Case of Study – Hipert
Hipert develops advanced autonomous driving systems,
focusing on AI, algorithms, and software solutions. Its
products include aerial drones, autonomous underwater and
surface vehicles, street cars, and cameras, among others.

The startup’s aerial drones are embedded with intelligence

and have industrial, societal, environmental, and agricultural
applications. Its underwater autonomous vehicles include a
remotely controlled catamaran, an AUV manipulator, and a
modular Long-Range Underwater Autonomous Vehicle
(LRUAV).
Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders
Applications of Deep Learning
Healthcare: Disease detection and diagnosis, drug discovery, and personalized medicine.
It can analyze medical images, genetic data, and electronic health records to provide
insights that aid in patient care.

Finance: Credit scoring, algorithmic trading, fraud detection, and customer service in the
finance industry. It can analyze large volumes of financial data to make predictions and
identify patterns.

Recommendation Systems: These systems use deep learning to analyze user behavior
and preferences, as well as the characteristics of items, to provide personalized
recommendations.
Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders
Case of Study – Lunit Inc.
Lunit Inc. develops and provides AI based
software solutions for cancer
screening/diagnosis and treatment.

It offers AI solution for chest X-ray and

mammography, as well as AI-powered
biomarker for immune phenotyping and
PD-L1 quantification for immunotherapy.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Case of Study – Qraft
Qraft is a pioneer in the use of AI in investment
decision making.

Holding numerous patents related to our AI

intellectual property, their innovative products and
services have been adopted by major financial
institutions around the world.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Case of Study – dotTerra
dotTerra is a precision agriculture platform
that provides farmers in Africa and North
America with actionable data insights and
personalised recommendations to help
them adapt to climate change and weather
variability, increase the crops yield, reduce
input costs and waste, and earn more
money.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Challenges
● Data Availability and Quality: Deep learning models require large amounts of
labeled training data to learn effectively.

● Ethics and Fairness: The challenge of ethics and fairness in deep learning
underscores the critical need to address potential biases and ensure equitable
outcomes.

● Interpretability: Deep learning models, often referred to as “black boxes,” struggle

with interpretability, meaning they can’t provide detailed reasons for their
decisions.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Future Directions
● Democratization of Deep Learning: In the next five to ten years, deep learning tools
will become a standard part of the developer’s toolkit, with reusable components and
automated features.

● Adaptive Capabilities: Future machine learning technologies, including deep learning,

must demonstrate learning from limited training materials, transfer learning between
contexts, continuous learning, and adaptive capabilities.

● Exploration of New Methods: Deep learning trends like capsule networks, self-
supervised learning, few-shot learning, and deep reinforcement learning are areas of
focus for future research.
Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders
Image and Speech Recognition
Image and speech recognition are pivotal, enabling machines to interpret visual and
auditory data like humans. They form the basis for transformative applications, from
autonomous vehicles to intelligent personal assistants.

Deep learning enhances image and speech recognition, achieving higher accuracy in
tasks like facial and voice identification.

These technologies underpin various applications, from security systems to virtual

assistants, transforming interaction and accessibility.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)
CNNs utilize layers of filters to process
spatial data, hierarchically identifying
features from simple to complex in images.

Their architecture makes CNNs ideal for

image classification, object detection, and
more, driving advancements in visual AI
applications.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs)
RNNs process sequences of data, making them
suited for time-series analysis by remembering
past inputs through internal states.

This memory feature enables RNNs to excel in

speech and audio processing, crucial for
developing accurate speech-to-text systems and
voice-activated interfaces.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Advanced Models for Recognition
Transformers have emerged as a powerful model for handling sequential data, thanks
to their attention mechanisms that enhance performance in both image and speech
recognition tasks.

They have been adapted for image recognition and speech recognition, showcasing
their versatility and efficiency in processing complex patterns.

These advancements signal a shift towards more flexible and capable AI models,
promising significant improvements in accuracy and processing speed for real-time
recognition applications.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Facial Recognition Systems
CNNs analyze facial features through
deep layers, enabling precise
identification and verification in security
and personal identification systems.

The use of facial recognition raises

privacy, consent, and bias issues,
necessitating transparent use and strict
regulation to protect individual rights.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Case of Study – SenseTime Group Ltd
It is an artificial intelligence company that
provides deep learning technology for
human face recognition, image processing,
object recognition, mobile vehicle
recognition, human body recognition, and
text and character recognition.

They provide SenseID, an identity

verification platform, SenseVide for video
analysis and SenseAuto for automation.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Speech-to-Text Systems
RNNs capture temporal dependencies in
audio data, making them effective for
converting speech into written text by
analyzing sound patterns over time.

Variability in accents, speech speed, and

background noise poses challenges,
requiring advanced models and training
data to enhance accuracy and usability.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Case of Study – Verbit Software Ltd
Verbit has emerged as the leader in the $30B
transcription industry. They are helping to
push access and inclusion efforts forward at
3,000+ businesses and institutions.

With a suite of voice AI solutions, simple

integrations and the largest professional
captioner workforce in the world, they are
making delivering access easier than ever
before.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Future Trends and Research
Enhanced Model Efficiency: Making image and speech recognition models more
efficient, requiring less computational power and data for training.

Cross-modal Learning: Cross-modal learning, where models integrate and interpret

data from both visual and auditory sources, improving context understanding and
decision-making.

Ethical AI Development: Ensuring that models are unbiased and respect privacy,
especially in sensitive applications like surveillance and personal assistants.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Natural Language Processing (NLP)
Natural Language Processing (NLP) enables computers to understand, interpret, and
generate human language, bridging the gap between human communication and
machine understanding.

NLP is crucial for creating AI systems that interact naturally with users, powering
applications from chatbots to language translation, and transforming data into
actionable insights.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Deep Learning Models in NLP
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are
foundational for processing sequential
language data, enabling tasks like text
generation and sentiment analysis.

Transformers have redefined NLP with

superior handling of context and parallel
processing, powering breakthroughs in
translation, question-answering, and
more.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Sentiment Analysis
Sentiment analysis uses NLP to determine the
emotional tone behind words, enabling
businesses and researchers to gauge public
opinion, market trends, and customer
satisfaction.

Utilizing models like CNNs and RNNs, and

more recently Transformers, for nuanced
understanding of sentiment, even in complex
contexts or across different languages.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Case of Study – Observe.AI
Observe.AI is building a Voice AI platform for
call centers. Its first product, Agent Assist,​
empowers call center agents to do their jobs
better.
The platform provides the agent with real-time
feedback on customer sentiment and guides
them on next best action during the customer
call. The AI platform listens to the call stream
in real time and understands the context and
generates suggestions and guidance.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Named Entity Recognition
Named Entity Recognition (NER) identifies and classifies key elements in text into
predefined categories such as names, organizations, locations, and more, crucial for
information extraction and data analysis.

Deep learning models, especially LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) networks and
Transformers, have significantly improved NER accuracy by effectively capturing
context and relationships within text.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Machine Translation
Deep learning has transformed machine
translation, enabling systems to translate text
and speech across languages with
unprecedented accuracy and fluency.

Utilizing end-to-end neural networks, especially

Transformers, these models capture nuances,
idioms, and grammar, greatly enhancing the
quality and speed of translation services.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Case of Study – DeepL
DeepL Translator is a neural machine
translation service.

The service uses a proprietary algorithm with

convolutional neural networks (CNNs).

The translation is said to be generated using a

supercomputer that reaches 5.1 petaflops and
is operated in Iceland with hydropower.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Chatbots and Virtual Assistants
NLP enables the creation of chatbots and virtual
assistants that can understand and respond to
human language, providing user-friendly interfaces
for customer service, information retrieval, and
personal assistance.

Through deep learning, these agents are becoming

increasingly sophisticated, capable of handling
complex queries and engaging in more natural,
context-aware conversations.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Case of Study – Kore.ai
The company offers artificial intelligence
enterprise chatbot platforms for auto dialog
generation, dialog and context management,
and sentiment analysis.

The company’s innovative platform, no-code

tools and solutions are used to deliver end-to-
end customer and employee experiences from
automated to human-assisted and to build
generative AI-enabled applications.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Challenges in NLP
Complex Language Nuances Capturing the
subtleties of language, including idioms, cultural
references, and varying dialects, remains a
significant challenge for NLP systems.

Sarcasm and Context Understanding sarcasm,

humor, and the context-dependent meaning of
words or phrases poses difficulties, requiring
advanced models and contextual analysis to
accurately interpret intent.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Future Directions
Contextual Understanding: Advancements in deep learning are focusing on improving
models' grasp of context and complex language structures, aiming for near-human
comprehension.

Multilingual NLP: There's a push towards developing models that can handle multiple
languages seamlessly, breaking down language barriers in global communication.

Ethical AI and Bias Reduction: Future NLP research is increasingly addressing ethical
AI development, working to eliminate biases in language models and ensure fairness
in AI-generated content.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Deep Learning in Robotics
Deep learning has revolutionized robotics,
enabling robots to interpret complex
environments, learn from experiences, and
make autonomous decisions.

By integrating deep learning, robots achieve

unprecedented levels of flexibility and
intelligence, opening new possibilities in
manufacturing, healthcare, and service
industries.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Types of Robots
Industrial Robots Revolutionize manufacturing processes with precision and
efficiency, performing tasks from assembly to quality control.

Autonomous Vehicles Use deep learning to navigate and make real-time decisions,
enhancing safety and transforming transportation.

Service Robots Assist in healthcare, retail, and hospitality, improving service delivery
and personalizing customer experiences.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Learning and Adaptation
Robots use sensors and deep learning
algorithms to gather data from their
surroundings, adapting their actions based
on new information and experiences.

This ability to learn and adjust enables

robots to improve their performance over
time, handling unexpected situations with
greater autonomy.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Object Recognition
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) excel in analyzing visual data, enabling robots
to identify and classify objects with high accuracy.

By extracting features from images, CNNs allow robots to recognize objects regardless
of variations in size, angle, or lighting.

Object recognition capabilities empower robots to interact more effectively with

their environment, performing tasks like sorting, navigating, and assisting humans
with greater precision.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Path Planning and Navigation
Path planning and navigation in robotics utilize algorithms like A* and Dijkstra for
optimal route determination, integrating sensory data to navigate physical spaces.

Deep learning models, particularly CNNs and RNNs, improve path planning by
enabling dynamic adaptation to changing environments, learning from past
experiences to optimize routes.

These advanced algorithms and models are crucial for autonomous vehicles and
drones, allowing for safe, efficient navigation in complex, unpredictable
environments.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Autonomous Vehicles
Deep learning enables autonomous vehicles to interpret sensor data, providing
accurate real-time perceptions of the environment for safe navigation and decision-
making.

Using CNNs, autonomous vehicles identify and classify objects (vehicles, pedestrians,
obstacles), crucial for dynamic path adjustment and collision avoidance.

Deep learning models predict the actions of other road users, enhancing the vehicle's
anticipatory capabilities and ensuring smoother, safer driving experiences.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Case of Study – Wayve
Their solution aims to revolutionize automated
driving by leveraging end-to-end deep
learning, eliminating costly robotic stacks and
complex mapping.

Leveraging their embodied AI software,

vehicles learn from experience, adapt to any
environment, and drive without explicit
programming.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Industrial Robots
Industrial robots, powered by deep learning,
have significantly increased production
efficiency and quality control in sectors like
automotive manufacturing, reducing errors
and operational costs.

By automating hazardous tasks, these robots

minimize workplace accidents, ensuring safer
environments and allowing human workers to
focus on less risky, higher-value activities.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Case of Study – Apptronik
Apptronik specializes in developing
advanced robots using deep learning and
AI to enhance human quality of life and
tackle labor shortages.

The company leverages its extensive

experience in robotics, including
participation in the DARPA Robotics
Challenge, to address society's critical
challenges.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Challenges in Robotic Systems
Ensuring seamless integration of AI technologies and achieving consistent
performance across varied scenarios poses complex technical challenges for robotics.

The advancement of robotics prompts ethical debates on autonomy, decision-

making, and the potential for bias in AI-driven systems, necessitating clear ethical
guidelines.

The widespread adoption of robots has significant societal implications, including

workforce transformation and privacy issues, highlighting the need for policies that
balance innovation with social welfare.

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders

Future of Robotics and AI
Future robotics will increasingly incorporate sophisticated AI, including more intuitive
human-robot interaction and autonomous decision-making capabilities, pushing the
boundaries of what robots can achieve.

Collaborative Robots (Cobots) are designed to work alongside humans in environments

like factories, hospitals, and homes will enhance efficiency and safety, fostering a new
era of human-machine collaboration.

The evolution of robotics and AI will drive societal changes, necessitating ethical
frameworks and policies to address new challenges and ensure that the benefits of these
technologies are accessible to all segments of society.
Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders
Thanks

Fabio Angeletti
[email protected]
title
● text

Business Administration New Technologies for Business Leaders