UNIT: 2

COMPUTER
NETWORK
Academic Year: 2022-23

BY
R. MAHADEVAN
M.E., MISTE.,
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
SL.NO CONTENTS PAGE NO

MARK ALLORMENT --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i

SYLLABUS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii

QUESTION DISTRIBUTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------ iv

1. COMPUTER NETWORK ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

2. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF NETWORK ------------------------------------------ 2

3. EVOLUTION OF NETWORK -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

4. COMMON TERMINOLOGY ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

5. OTHER NETWORKING TERMINOLOGY ----------------------------------------------------------- 4

6. TYPES OF NETWORKS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

7. TRANSMISSION MEDIA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11

8. NETWORK TOPOLOGIES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11

9. NETWORK DEVICES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14

10. NETWORKING PROTOCOLS ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15

11. WIRELESS / MOBILE COMPUTING ----------------------------------------------------------------- 16

12. INTERNETWORKING TERMS AND CONCEPTS -------------------------------------------------- 17

13. ABBREVIATIONS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18

14. SWITCHING TECHNIQUES --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20

15. CROSSTALK --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22

16. CASE STUDY --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23

 SISHYA SCHOOL , HOSUR

Grade: XII
Computer Science (083)
(2022-23)
Mark Allotment

Unit No. Unit Name Marks

1 Computational Thinking & Programming (Part 2) 40

2 Computer Networks 30

3 Database Management Systems 20

Practical’s 10

Total 100

i
Syllabus
Unit 2 Computer Networks

❖ Evolution of Networking: ARPANET, Internet, Interspace Different ways of sending data across the network with
reference to switching techniques (Circuit and Packet switching).
❖ Data Communication terminologies: Concept of Channel, Bandwidth (Hz, KHz, MHz) and Data transfer rate (bps, Kbps,
Mbps, Gbps, Tbps).
❖ Transmission media: Twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, infrared, radio link, microwave link and satellite link.
❖ Network devices: Modem, RJ45 connector, Ethernet Card, Router, Switch, Gateway, WiFi card.
❖ Network Topologies and types: Bus, Star, Tree, PAN, LAN, WAN, MAN.
❖ Network Protocol: TCP/IP, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), PPP, HTTP, SMTP, POP3, Remote Login (Telnet) and Internet,
Wireless / Mobile Communication protocol such as GSM, GPRS and WLL.
❖ Mobile Telecommunication Technologies: 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G; Mobile processors;
❖ Electronic mail protocols such as SMTP, POP3, Protocols for Chat and Video Conferencing: VoIP, Wireless technologies
such as Wi-Fi and WiMax
❖ Network Security Concepts: Threats and prevention from Viruses, Worms, Trojan horse, Spams Use of Cookies, Protection
using Firewall, https; India IT Act, Cyber Law, Cyber Crimes, IPR issues, hacking.
❖ Introduction To Web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML); Hyper
Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP); Domain Names; URL; Website, Web browser, Web Servers; Web Hosting.

ii
Mark Format (INCLUDES UNIT I, II AND III)
PART – A
Section 1 (15 Marks) – Objective Section 2 (8 Marks) – Short Answer
Attempt 15 out of 21 Attempt 4 out of 5
Case Study 1 Case Study 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

PART – B
Section 1 (20 Marks) – Descriptive Section 2 (12 Marks) – Long Section 3 (15 Marks) – Very Long
Answer Answer
2 Question have internal options 2 Question have internal options 1 Question have internal options

2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 5 5 5

2 2 2 2 2

iii
Question Distribution

Part A Part B
Unit No. Unit Name Marks
15/21 4/5 10*2 4*3 3*5

1 Computational Thinking & Programming (Part 2) 40 10 5 10 9 5

2 Computer Networks 10 5 4 5

3 Database Management 20 6 5 6 3 5

Total 70

* Values are approximation

iv
 1 STUDY PLAN

Part A Part B
Unit No. Unit Name Marks
15/21 4/5 10*2 4*3 3*5

2 Computer Networks 10 5 4 5

1. Evolution of Networking
2. Data Communication terminologies
3. Transmission media
4. Network devices
5. Network Topologies and types
6. Network Protocol
7. Mobile Telecommunication Technologies
8. Electronic mail protocols
9. Network Security Concepts
10. Introduction To Web services

v
COMPUTER NETWORK

A Computer Network is a collection of interconnected autonomous

computing devices so as to exchange information or share resources

1
 ADVANTAGES OF
NETWORKING

a. Share resources
b. Share storage
c. Can share software
d. Improve communication
e. Reliability
f. Flexibility
g. Cost can be reduced

DISADVANTAGES OF
NETWORKING
a. The systems are more sophisticated and complex to run. This can add to costs and you may
need specialists staff to run the network
b. If software and files are held centrally, it may be impossible to carry out any work if the
central server fails. People become reliant on the communications if these fail, it can cause
havoc.
c. If networks are badly managed, services can become unusable and productivity fails.
d. File security is more important especially if connected to WAN.

2
 EVOLUTION OF NETWORK

COMMON TERMINOLOGY

INTERNET

• The internet is the world-wide networks of computer networks.

• It’s a super network which connects many smaller networks together and allows all the
computers to exchange information with each other.

GATEWAY

• A gateway is a device which connects dissimilar networks.

BACKBONE
• A backbone is a central interconnecting structure that connects one or more network just like a
trunk of a tree or a spine of a human being.

INTERSPACE

• Interspace is a client server software program that allows multiple users to communicate online
with real time audio, video and text chat in dynamic 3D environments.

3
 OTHER NETWORKING TERMINOLOGY

NODES SERVERS

➢ The term nodes refer to the ➢ A computer that facilitates

computers that are attached to the sharing of data, software,
a network. and hardware resources
➢ Nodes are also called as (e.g., printers, modems etc.)
workstations on the network,
➢ is termed as a Server.

CLIENTS NETWORK HARDWARE

➢ A computer that sends request ➢ They are specialized

to server and receives data for hardware to carry out the
networking services.
processing on the network. ➢ Example, NIC, HUB, SWITCH,
ROUTER
333333

SOFTWARE NETWORK SERVICES

➢ The software layers of a ➢ They are applications that

network make networking provide different
possible, they are protocols, functionalities over a network,
such as DNS, VoIP etc..
network operating system, etc.
4
 PROTOCOL
NETWORK OPERATING
SYSTEM
➢ A protocol refers to a pre-
defined set of rules for
communication. ➢ They are specialized
operating system that can
handle networking tasks.

TYPES OF NETWORKS

✓ A network can mean a small group of linked computers to a chain of a few hundred computers of
different types spread around the world.
✓ Thus, networks may vary in size, complexity and geographical spread.
✓ Based on these parameters’ networks are classified.

BASED ON GEOGRAPHICAL SPREAD

Based on the network span the network can be divided into

1. LAN (Local Area Network)
2. WAN (Wide Area Network)
3. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
4. PAN (Personal Area Network)

LAN

✓ Small computer network that are confined to localized area (e.g., An office, a building etc.,)
✓ The key purpose of a LAN is to serve its users through resource sharing. The hardware and
software resources are shared through LAN.

5
✓ In typical LAN configuration one computer is designated as a file server. It stores all of the
software that controls the network.
✓ LAN cables are connected through NIC installed in all computers
✓ LANS are said to have a geographical spread of up to 1 KM.

WAN
✓ The network that spread across the countries or on a very big geographical area are known as
WANs.
✓ Computers connected to a wide area network are often connected through public networks such
as telephonic system, or sometimes leased line.

6
 MAN

✓ It refers to a network that spread over an area as big as a city.

✓ MAN is redundant and not in use nowadays

PAN

✓ It is a localized network that connects the devices in home or office which are personal in use. It
comes under the category of LAN.

7
 BASED ON COMPONENT ROLES

Another parameter based on which you can classify the networks is the role played by the network
computers in the network operation.

PEER TO PEER

✓ Each computer on a peer-to-peer network is equal. That is, each computer can play the role of a
client or a server.
✓ There is no designated computer which controls the network operation.
✓ Each computer controls its own information and plays role of either a client or a server
depending upon what is needed at that point of time.
✓ They don’t have a dedicated server.

8
 CLIENT – SERVER NETWORKS

✓ The bigger networks prefer to have a centralized control. They do that by clearly designating
servers and clients.
✓ Such networks are called as client-server networks or master-slave networks.
✓ They have a dedicated server to controls the networking.

BASED ON COMMUNICATION CHANNEL

Computer networks are formed when computers are connected with one another. The connections
among the hosts are established using specific communication media.

Based on this parameter the networks can be categorized as:

1. Wired computer networks

2. Wireless computer networks

9
 WIRED
In this type of network, the hosts and the other devices are interconnected through wiring or
cables.

The most commonly used cables are

TWISTED PAIR COAXIAL CABLE FIBER OPTIC CABLES

WIRELESS

The computer network that uses environment or air as a medium to transfer information
without any wiring or cables are called wireless network.

The most commonly used are

MICROWAVE RADIOWAVES SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

Radio wave can be classified by frequency and wave length. When the wave length is higher than
3GHz, it is named as microwave.

10
 TRANSMISSION MEDIA

NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

The pattern of interconnection of nodes in a network is called topology. It is classified into

• The Star topology

• The Bus topology
• The Ring (or) Circular topology
• The Mesh topology
• The Tree topology

11
 STAR
TOPOLOGY

1. This topology consists of central node

(concentrator) to which all other nodes
are connected by a single path.
2. It is the topology used in most existing
information networks involving data
processing or voice communications.
3. A variation of star topology is tree
topology

BUS
TOPOLOGY

1. It consists of a single length of the

transmission medium on to which
various nodes are attached.
2. The transmission medium from any
station travels the length of the bus, in
both directions and can be received by
all other stations.
3. At each end, there are terminators
which removes the travelling data
token form the network.

12
 RING
TOPOLOGY

1. In this topology, each node is

connected to two and only two
neighboring nodes.
2. Data is accepted from one of the
neighboring nodes and is transmitted
onwards to another.
3. The data token travels in one
direction only, from node to node
around the ring.
4. After passing to each node, it returns
to the sending node which removes
it.

MESH
TOPOLOGY
1. In this topology, each node is
connected to one or more nodes to
provide an alternate route in case the
host is too busy.
2. Mesh topology is excellent for long
distance communication and
networking.
3. It provides an extensive back up and
rerouting facility
4. It is an ideal for distributed networks.

13
 TREE
TOPOLOGY
1. A tree topology combines
characteristics of linear bus and star
topologies.
2. It consists of group of star-
configured workstations connected
to a linear bus backbone cable.

NETWORK DEVICES

1. NIC 1. It is a device that is attached to each of the workstations

(NETWORK INTERFACE and the server.
CARD) 2. It helps the workstation to establish the connection with
the network.
3. The NIC card has a MAC address attached to it.
4. It is also called as Terminal Access Point (TAP) or
Network Interface Unit (NIU).
2. MAC Address 1. It is a unique physical address assign to every NIC Card by
(Media Access Control) the NIC manufacturer.
2. It is a 6 byte address with each byte separated by a colon.
Example
10:B5:03:63:2E:FC

3. Where first 3 byte is a manufacturing id and last 3 byte is

a card no

3. WIFI CARD It is either internal or external LAN adapter with built in wireless
radio and antenna.
4. HUB It is a networking device having multiple ports that are used for
connecting multiple computers or LAN segments together.

14
5 SWITCH 1. A switch is a device that is used to segment networks into
different subnetworks called subnets.
2. It is responsible for filtering and prevents traffic
overloading.
3. It is also called as intelligent Hub.
6 BRIDGE It is a device that lets you to connect two networks together that
uses same protocols
7. ROUTER It is a device that forwards the data from one network to another
network that uses different protocols.
8. GATEWAY It is a device that connects two dissimilar networks and can
handle different protocols.

NETWORKING PROTOCOLS

• Protocol means, the rules that are applicable for a network.

• A protocol is a formal description of message formats and the rules that two or more machines
must follow to exchange those messages.

HTTP • It is a set of rules for transferring hypertext such

1 (Hyper Text Transfer as text, graphic, images, sound, video etc.. on
Protocol) WWW.

FTP • It is a standard for the exchange of files across

2.
(File Transfer Protocol) internet.

• It is a base communication protocol of the

TCP/IP internet. IP part of TCP/IP uses numeric IP
3. (Transmission Control addresses to join network segments and TCP part
Protocol / Internet Protocol) of TCP/IP provides reliable delivery of messages
between networked computers.

SLIP
4. • SLIP is for delivering IP packets over dial up lines
(Serial Line Internet Protocol)

PPP • PPP is used for transmitting IP packets over serial

5.
(Point to Point Protocol) lines.

EMAIL PROTOCOLS

• IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

o It is a standard protocol for accessing e-mail from local server.

15
 • POP 3 (Post Office Protocol)
o It provides simple standardized way for users to access mailboxes and download
messages to their computers.
• SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
o This protocol is used when you send email to another email users.
o The SMTP protocol is used by the mail transfer agent to deliver the sent email to the
recipient.
• HTTP Protocol
o It is not dedicated for email communication but it can be used to for accessing mailbox.

WIRELESS / MOBILE COMPUTING

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
It is simply data communication without the use of landlines.
MOBILE COMPUTING
The computing device is not continuously connected to the base or central network.
MOBILE PROCESSORS
The processing of data in mobile is handled by mobile processor.
SMS
It is used for transmitting short messages to and from a mobile phone, fax machine or IP
address.
CHAT
Online textual chat in real time is called chatting.
VIDEO CONFERENCING
A two-way videophone conversation among multiple participants is called video conferencing.

16
 INTERNETWORKING TERMS
AND CONCEPTS

WWW
o It is a set of protocols that allows you to access any document on the net through naming system
based on URLs.
WEB BROWSER
o It is a WWW client that navigates through the WWW and display the web pages
WEB SERVER
o It is a WWW server that responds to the requests made by Wen browsers.
WEB SITES
o A location on a net server. Each website has a unique address called URL
WEB ADDRESSESS
o It consists of URL and the Domain name to access the web sites.
WEB PAGES
o A document that resides on the website is called as web page
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
o It specifies the distinct address for each resource on the internet.
o An internet address which is character based is called Domain Name
DNS (Domain Name System)
o It is the character-based naming system by which web servers are identified.
o It also translated the IP address of the Web site into Character.
WEB HOSTING
o It is hosting a web server application on a computer system through which electronic content on
the internet is readily available to any web browser client.

17
 ABBREVATIONS

NAME ABBREVATION
NIC Network Interface Card
MAC Media Access Control
NIU Network Interface Unit
LAN Local Area Network
WAN Wide Area Network
PAN Personal Area Network
MAN Metropolitan Area Network
P2P Peer To Peer
ARPANET Advance Research Projects Agency Network
NSFNet National Science Foundation Network
TCP Transmission Control Protocol /Transaction Control
Protocol
IP Internet Protocol
bps Bits Per Second
Bps Bytes Per Second
VGM Voice Grade Medium
STP CABLE Shielded Twisted Pair Cable
RJ 45 Registered Jack 45
MODEM Modulation Demodulation
TAP Terminal Access Point
BNC CONNECTOR Bayone Neil Concelman Connector
AUI CONNECTOR Attachment Unit Interface Connector
HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
FTP File Transfer Protocol
SLIP Serial Line Internet Protocol
PPP Point To Point Protocol
ISP Internet Service Provider
IMAP Internet Message Access Protocol

18
 POP3 Post Office Protocol
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
PDA Personal Digital Assistant
GSM Global System For Mobile
SIM Subscriber Identification Module
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
WLL Wireless In Local Loop
TRANSCEIVERS Transmitter Receiver
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
HSPA High Speed Packet Access
HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
HSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet Access
LTE Long Term Evolution
GPU Graphics Processing Unit
CPU Central Processing Unit
ISP Image Signal Processor
SMS Short Message Service
SMSC Short Message Service Centre
IRC Internet Relay Chat
SIP Session Initiation Protocol
WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability For Microwave Access
Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity
WWW World Wide Web
TELNET Terminal Network
URL Uniform Resource Locator
HTML Hyper Text Markup Language
XML Extensible Markup Language
PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
JSP Java Server Pages
ASP Active Server Pages

19
 SWITCHING TECHNIQUES

Switching techniques are used to transmit data across the network.

CIRCUIT
SWITCHING

• Connection establishment – complete physical connection between the sender and the
receiver is established.
• Data transfer – then the data is transferred through the same connection.
• Connection termination – after the complete data transfer, the connection will be terminated.

20
 MESSAGE
SWITCHING

• The source computer will send the data to the switching office. The switching office stores the
data into a buffer.
• Then it looks for the free link to switch the data.
• This process continues, till it reaches the destination.
• It uses STORE and FORWARD mechanism.

PACKET
SWITCHING

• Message is divided into packets.

• A fixed size of packets can be transmitted across the network.
• Each packet can use different routes and at the destination it will be collected and arranged
according to the packet no.

21
 CROSSTALK

• The bleeding of signal from one wire to another and which can corrupt signal and cause
network errors. This form of signal interference is called Cross talk.

DATA COMMUNICAITON TERMINOLOGIES

Channel is the medium used to carry information or data from
Data Channel one point to another

Unit of measurement to carry the information.

Baud It’s measured in bps.

Bandwidth Difference between the highest and the lowest frequencies

The amount of data transferred per second through

Data Transfer Rates communication channel.

22
 NETWORK CONSTRUCTION

SL. NO PARAMETER TO CONSIDER

Placement of Server As per 80:20 Rule, a server should be placed in a region/ area
1.
/ Hosting a Server where we have a maximum number of computers.

Star Topology, all the other computers should be connected with

2. Cable layout
the main server

3. CHOOSING A MEDIUM
Maximum speed, used for long distance
communication, more cost.
OPTICAL FIBER
Can choose this medium, if cost is not a
constraint (used for WAN Connection)
Medium speed, used for long distance
communication with help of repeater.
COAXIAL CABLE
Moderate cost. (Used for LAN
connection)
3.1 Wired Medium

Can be installed in every computer

ETHERNET CABLE
with in a block to allow networking.

Low speed, used for minimum distance

TWISTED PAIR communication, less cost. (Used in dial
up or land line connection)

High cost, used in live relay, live video

SATELLITE conferencing, want to communicate a
3.2 Wireless Medium
COMMUNICATION very larger distance (Example from
India to London)

23
 Used for larger distance,
MICROWAVE
communication should be a straight
TRANSMISSION
line

RADIOWAVE Used for communicating over hilly

TRANSMISSION regions

4. NETWORK DEVICES

4.1 NIC Should be installed in all the computers

4.2 Switch/ HUB Should be placed in all the rooms/blocks/area/region

Should be placed in all the lines, if the distance between the

4.3 Repeaters
computer is >100 m
Should be placed in all the network to monitor the traffic and also
4.4 Router
for safety
Should be place in all the network which uses the same protocol,
4.5 Bridge
example LAN to LAN connection
Should be place in all the network which communicates with the
4.6 Gateway
different protocols

4.7 Firewall Safety purpose / Secure of data

4.8 Modem In all computers and buildings.

5. NETWORK PROTOCOLS
5.1 Video Conferencing VoIP
5.2 Mail SMTP
5.3 Offline mail POP
5.4 Transferring files FTP
6. TYPE OF NETWORK FORMED
6.1 LAN If the network size is less than 1 KM
6.2 WAN If the network size is greater than 1 KM

24
Case study 1:
Intelligent Hub India is a knowledge community aimed to uplift the standard of skills and knowledge in
the society. It is planning to setup its training centers in multiple towns and villages pan India with its
head offices in the nearest cities. They have created a model of their network with a city, a town and 3
villages as given. As a network consultant, you have to suggest the best network related solution for their
issues/problems raised in (i) to (iv) keeping in mind the distance between various locations and given
parameters

Note:
• In Villages, there are community centers, in which one room has been given as training center to this
organization to install computers.
• The organization has got financial support from the government and top IT companies.

25
QUESTIONS
a. Suggest the most appropriate location of the SERVER in the YHUB (out of the 4 locations), to get the
best and effective connectivity. Justify your answer.
Answer: YTOWN, as per 80:20Rule, YTOWN is having the maximum number of computers,
so we need to install the server in YTOWN.
b. Suggest the best wired medium and draw the cable layout (location to location) to efficiently connect
various locations within the YHUB.
Answer:
Wired medium : Coaxial Cable can be used to connect all the locations with in YHUB
Optical fiber can be used to connect YHUB with the XCITY head office.
Cable Layout: Star Topology
c. Which hardware device will you suggest to connect all the computers within each location of YHUB?
Answer : HUB / SWITCH
d. Which server/protocol will be most helpful to conduct live interaction of Experts from Head office and
people at YHUB locations
Answer: VoIP (Protocol used for Video conferencing)

CASE STUDY 2:
Software Development Company has set up its new center at Raipur for its office and web-based
activities. It has 4 blocks of buildings named Block A, Block B, Block C, Block D.
Number of Computers
Block A 25
Block B 50
Block C 125
Block D 10
Shortest distances between various Blocks in meters:

Block A to Block B 60 m
Block B to Block C 40 m
Block C to Block A 30 m
Block D to Block C 50 m

26
QUESTIONS
i) Suggest the most suitable place (i.e. block) to house the server of this company with a suitable reason.
Answer : As per 80:20 Rule, the server should be placed in Block C. since it has the
maximum number of computers.
(ii) Suggest the type of network to connect all the blocks with suitable reason.
Answer: LAN (Local Area Network)
(iii)The company is planning to link all the blocks through a secure and high speed wired medium.
Suggest a way to connect all the blocks.
Answer: Wired Medium: Optical Fiber cable
(iv) Suggest the most suitable wired medium for efficiently connecting each computer installed in every
block out of the following network cables:
• Coaxial Cable
• Ethernet Cable
• Single Pair Telephone Cable
Answer: Ethernet Cable

CASE STUDY 3:
MyPace University is setting up its academic blocks at Naya Raipur and is planning to set up a network.
The University has 3 academic blocks and one Human Resource Center as shown in the diagram below:

Center to Center distances between various blocks/center is as follows:

27
Number of computers in each of the blocks/Center is as follows:

a) Suggest the most suitable place (i.e., Block/Center) to install the server of this University with a
suitable reason.
Answer: As per 80:20 Rule, the HR Centre is having the maximum number of computers, so
the server should be place in HR Centre.
b) Suggest an ideal layout for connecting these blocks/centers for a wired connectivity.
Answer: Star topology
c) Which device will you suggest to be placed/installed in each of these blocks/centers to efficiently
connect all the computers within these blocks/centers.
Answer: Switch
d) Suggest the placement of a Repeater in the network with justification.
Answer: Repeater should be place in LAW Block to HR Centre, since the distance is greater
than 100 m.
e) The university is planning to connect its admission office in Delhi, which is more than 1250km from
university. Which type of network out of LAN, MAN, or WAN will be formed? Justify your answer.
Answer: WAN as the distance is greater than 1KM

CASE STUDY 4:
Indian School, in Mumbai is starting up the network between its different wings. There are four Buildings
named as SENIOR, JUNIOR, ADMIN and HOSTEL.
The distance between various buildings is as follows:

28
Number of Computers in Each Building:

a. Suggest the cable layout of connections between the buildings.

Answer: Star topology
b. Suggest the most suitable place (i.e., building) to house the server of this school, provide a suitable
reason.
Answer: As per 80:20 Rule, the server should be placed in Admin block, since having
maximum number of computers.
c. Suggest the placement of the following devices with justification.
• Repeater
• Hub/Switch
Answer: Repeater should be placed between the block which have distance greater than
100 m.
Admin to Senior, Admin to junior, senior to junior, senior to hostel and junior to hoste1.
d. The organisation also has inquiry office in another city about 50- 60 km away in hilly region. Suggest
the suitable transmission media to interconnect to school and inquiry office out of the following:

• Fiber optic cable

• Microwave
• Radiowave
Answer: Radiowave, since it is a hilly region.

CASE STUDY 5:
Trine Tech Corporation (TTC) is a professional consultancy company. The company is planning to set up
their new offices in India with its hub at Hyderabad. As a network adviser, you have to understand their
requirement and suggest them the best available solutions. Their queries are mentioned as (i) to (iv)
below
Physical Locations of the blocked of TTC

29
QUESTIONS
a. What will be the most appropriate block, where TTC should plan to install their server?
Answer: As per 80:20 Rule, the appropriate block is Finance.
b. Draw a block to cable layout to connect all the buildings in the most appropriate manner for efficient
communication.
Answer: Star topology
c. What will be the best possible connectivity out of the following, you will suggest to connect the new
setup of offices in Bangalore with its London based office:
• Satellite Link
• Infrared
• Ethernet Cable
Answer: Satellite link
d. Which of the following device will be suggested by you to connect each computer in each of the
buildings:
• Switch
• Modem
• Gateway
Answer: Modem

CASE STUDY 6:
G.R.K International Inc. is planning to connect its Bengaluru Office Setup with its Head Office in Delhi. The
Bengaluru Office G.R.K international Inc. is spread across and area of approx. 1 square kilometer,
consisting of 3 blocks – Human Resources, Academics and Administration. You as a network expert have
to suggest answers to the four queries (i) to (iv) raised by them.

30
Notes: Keep the distance between blocks and number of computers in each block in mind, while providing
them the

QUESTIONS
a. Suggest the most suitable block in the Bengaluru Office Setup, to host the server. Give a suitable reason
with your suggestion.
Answer: As per 80:20 Rule, the suitable place is Human Resources.
b. Suggest the cable layout among the various blocks within the Bengaluru Office Setup for connecting
the Blocks.
Answer: Star topology
c. Suggest a suitable networking device to be installed in each of the blocks essentially required for
connecting computers inside the blocks with fast and efficient connectivity.
Answer: Switch
d. Suggest the most suitable media to provide secure, fast and reliable data connectivity between Delhi
Head Office and the Bengaluru Office Setup
Answer: Wired Medium: Optical Fiber
Wireless medium: Satellite Communication

31
CASE STUDY 7:
Rovenza Communications International (RCI) is an online corporate training provider company for IT
related courses. The company is setting up their new compus in Kolkata. You as a network expert have
to study the physical locations of various blocks and the number of computers to be installed. In the
planning phase, provide the best possible answers for the queries (i) to (iv) raised by them.

Block to Block Distances (in Mtrs.)

Expected computers to be installed in each block

QUESTIONS
a. Suggest the most appropriate block, where RCI should plan to install the server.
Answer: As per 80:20 Rule, the server should be installed in Faculty studio building
b. Suggest the most appropriate block to block cable layout to connect all three blocks for efficient
communication.
Answer: Star topology
c. Which type of network out of the following is formed by connecting the computers of these three
blocks?
* LAN * MAN * WAN
Answer: LAN

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d. Which wireless channel out of the following should be opted by RCI to connect to students from all
over the world?
* Infrared *Microwave *Satellite
Answer: Satellite

CASE STUDY 8:
Rehaana Medicos Center has set up its new center in Dubai. It has four buildings as shown in the diagram
given below:

Distance between the buildings:

Number of Computers

As a network expert, provide the best possible answer for the following queries:
a. Suggest a cable layout of connections between the buildings.
Answer: Star topology
b. Suggest the most suitable place (i.e. building) to house the server of this organization.
Answer: As per 80:20 Rule, the server should be placed in research lab.
c. Suggest the placement of the following device with justification:

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 • Repeater
• Hub
• Switch
Answer:
Repeater: Should be placed in all the blocks if the distance is more than 100 mts.
HUB/SWITCH: should be placed in all the blocks
d. Suggest a system (hardware/software) to prevent unauthorized access to or from the network
Answer: Firewall

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