ANSI/BIFMA X5.

9-2019
Storage Units

February 1, 2019

American National Standard

for Office Furnishings

© Copyright 2019
STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

American National Standard

Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due
process, consensus, and other criteria have been met by the standards developer.

Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial
agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement
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views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution.

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The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give
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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

Proposal for an American National

Standard for Office Furnishings

Storage Units

Sponsor

BIFMA
678 Front Avenue NW, Suite 150
Grand Rapids, MI 49504-5368
Phone: (616) 285-3963
[email protected]

Approved February 1, 2019

American National Standards Institute

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

Foreword

The material presented in this standard was developed as a result of the efforts of the members
of BIFMA and reviewed by a broad representation of interested parties, government
organizations and commercial testing and procurement and interior design organizations.

This standard defines specific tests, laboratory equipment, conditions of test, and recommended
minimum levels to be used in the test and evaluation of the performance, durability, and
structural adequacy of storage units used in offices.

The original work on this standard was completed in May 2003 by the BIFMA Engineering
Committee and particularly by its Subcommittee on File/Storage Standards. The Subcommittee
conducted reviews of the proposed standard to ensure that the tests accurately describe the
proper means of evaluating the safety, durability, and structural adequacy of storage units and
related products. The reviews produced the various test procedures that improve the procedures
and provide consistency. The first edition of the standard was submitted to the membership of
BIFMA and approved on March 17, 2004. A canvass of interested parties and stakeholders was
conducted in accordance with the requirements of an ANSI accredited standard. After completion
of the canvass process, the standard was subsequently submitted to the American National
Standards Institute for approval as an American National Standard. Approval by ANSI was given
on November 17, 2004 after a thorough review of the process used by BIFMA. The second
edition began on September 8, 2010 and was approved by the membership of BIFMA on August
8, 2011. After completion of the canvass process, the standard was subsequently submitted to
the American National Standards Institute for approval as an American National Standard.
Approval by ANSI was given on July 16, 2012. The third edition revision began on February 7,
2017 and was approved by the membership of BIFMA on February 15, 2018. After completion of
the canvass process, the standard was submitted to the American National Standards Institute
for approval as an American National Standard. Approval by ANSI was given on February 1,
2019.

Suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. The suggestions should be sent
to [email protected] or BIFMA, 678 Front Ave. NW, Suite 150, Grand Rapids, MI 49504.

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

Contents Page

1 Scope ....................................................................................................................................... 9
2 Definitions ............................................................................................................................... 10
3 General ................................................................................................................................... 14
3.1 Types of Tests................................................................................................................. 14
3.2 Manufacturer’s Instructions ............................................................................................. 15
3.3 Figures ........................................................................................................................... 16
3.4 Figure Symbols ............................................................................................................... 16
3.5 Tolerances ...................................................................................................................... 16
3.6 Recommended Test Report Format ............................................................................... 17
3.7 Loading Guidelines ......................................................................................................... 20
3.7.1 Loading Material for Extendible Elements ............................................................. 20
3.7.2 Loading Material for Other Than Extendible Elements .......................................... 20
3.7.3 Loading Guidelines for Extendible Elements with Bottom Supported Loads ......... 20
3.7.4 Loading Guidelines for Extendible Elements for Hanging File Supported Loads .. 20
3.7.5 Load Application .................................................................................................... 21
3.7.6 Test Force Application .......................................................................................... 21
3.7.7 Cycle Rates ........................................................................................................... 21
3.8 Pretest Inspection ............................................................................................................ 21
3.9 Temperature and Humidity Considerations ..................................................................... 21
4 Unit Strength Test .................................................................................................................. 25
5 Leg/Glide Assembly Strength Test ......................................................................................... 30
6 Racking Resistance Test ........................................................................................................ 33
7 Vertical Load Durability Tests ................................................................................................. 34
7.1 Top Load Ease Cycle Test ............................................................................................... 34
7.2 Drop Test – Dynamic – for Units with Seat Surfaces ....................................................... 36
7.3 Durability Test for Units with Seating Surfaces – Cyclic Impact ....................................... 38
8 Separation and Disengagement Tests ................................................................................... 41
8.1 Separation Test for Tall Storage Units with Vertically Attached or Stackable
Components ..................................................................................................................... 41
8.2 Upward Impact Force Disengagement Test for Storage Components ............................. 43
8.3 Upward Force Static Disengagement Test for Storage Components .............................. 46

9 Stability Tests ......................................................................................................................... 48

9.1 Purpose of Tests .............................................................................................................. 48
9.2 Horizontal Force Stability Test for Tall Storage Units without Extendible Elements ....... 48
9.3 Stability Test for Type l Units with at least one Extendible Element ................................. 50
9.4 Stability Test for Type l Storage Units with Multiple Extendible Elements ....................... 53
9.5 Stability Test for Type ll Storage Units with Extendible Elements .................................... 54
9.6 Vertical Force Stability Test for Storage Units .................................................................. 55
9.7 Stability Test for Pedestals/Storage Units with Seat Surfaces ......................................... 58
10 Storage Unit Drop Test ......................................................................................................... 61
11 Movement Durability Test for Mobile Storage Units .............................................................. 63
12 Extendible Element Rebound Test ....................................................................................... 65
13 Extendible Element Retention Impact and Durability (Out Stop) Tests ................................ 67

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

Contents Page

14 Lock Tests ............................................................................................................................. 69

14.2 Force Test for Extendible Element Locks ..................................................................... 69
14.3 Force Test for Door Locks ............................................................................................ 71
14.4 Locking Mechanism Cycle Test .................................................................................... 73
15 Extendible Element Cycle Tests ........................................................................................... 74
15.2 Cycle Tests for Extendible Elements Deeper than Wide .............................................. 74
15.3 Cycle Tests for Extendible Elements Wider than Deep ................................................ 76

15.4 Cycle Test for Low Height Drawers .............................................................................. 79

16 Interlock Strength Test .......................................................................................................... 80
17 Door Tests ............................................................................................................................ 81
17.2 Strength Test for Vertically Hinged, Bi-fold, and Vertically Receding Doors................. 82
17.3 Hinge Override Test for Vertically Hinged Doors .......................................................... 83
17.4 Vertical Receding Doors Strength Test......................................................................... 84
17.5 Horizontal Receding Doors Strength Test .................................................................... 85
17.6 Wear and Fatigue Tests for Hinged, Horizontally Sliding, and Tambour Doors ........... 88
17.7 Wear and Fatigue Test for Vertical Receding Door ...................................................... 92
17.8 Wear and Fatigue Test for Horizontal Receding Door .................................................. 94
17.9 Vertical and Horizontal Receding Door Out Stop Test – Cyclic Impact & Durability ..... 97
17.10 Slam Closed Test for Vertically Hinged and Vertically Receding Doors ..................... 99
17.11 Drop Test for Horizontally Hinged and Horizontally Receding Doors - Cyclic .......... 100
17.12 Slam Test for Doors which Free Fall Open or Closed .............................................. 102
17.13 Slam Open and Closed Test for Doors which Do Not Free Fall ............................... 103
18 Clothes Rail Static Loading Test ......................................................................................... 105
19 Latch Test ........................................................................................................................... 106
20 Pull Force Test .................................................................................................................... 108
Appendix A: Impact Test Bag Construction .............................................................................. 109
Appendix B: Front Stability Loading Pad (Figure B1) ............................................................... 116
Front Stability Loading Fixture (Figure B2) ........................................................... 117
Appendix C: Summary of Significant Changes ......................................................................... 118

Tables Page
Table 1 Test Loads ..................................................................................................................... 22
Table 2 Loading Guide ............................................................................................................... 23
Table 3 Storage Unit Classification Criteria for Units with Extendible Elements ........................ 23
Table 4 Drop Height for Storage Units ........................................................................................ 60
Table 5 Storage Unit Movement Cycle Test Parameters ........................................................... 63
Table 6 Cycle Test for Extendible Elements Wider Than Deep .................................................. 77
Table 7 Door Test Applicability ................................................................................................... 81
Table 8 Door Height vs. Load ..................................................................................................... 82
Table 9 Wear and Fatigue Tests for Doors ................................................................................. 90

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

Figures Page
3 Loading Configurations (Section 3)....................................................................................... 14
3a Loading Configuration for Extendible Elements (Deeper than Wide) with Bottoms ......... 18
3b Loading Configuration for Extendible Elements (Wider than Deep) with Bottoms ........... 18
3c Loading Configuration for Extendible Elements (Deeper than Wide) w/out Bottoms ....... 19
3d Loading Configuration for Extendible Elements (Wider than Deep) w/out Bottoms......... 19

4 Unit Strength Test (Section 4) ............................................................................................... 24

4a Concentrated Functional Load Test ................................................................................ 24
4b Examples of Loading for Irregular Shaped Units ............................................................. 25

4c Distributed Functional Load Test ..................................................................................... 27

5 Leg/Glide Assembly Strength Test Configurations (Section 5) ............................................. 30
6 Racking Resistance Test (Section 6) .................................................................................... 32
7a Top Load Ease Test - Cyclic (Section 7.1) ........................................................................... 34
7b Drop Test – Dynamic - for Units with Seat Surfaces (Section 7.2) ...................................... 36
7c Durability Test for Units with Seating Surfaces – Cyclic Impact (Section 7.3) ...................... 38
8 Separation and Disengagement Tests (Section 8) ............................................................... 42
8a Separation Test for Tall Storage Units with Vertically Attached or Stackable
Components .................................................................................................................... 40
8b Upward Impact Force Disengagement Test for Storage Components ............................ 43
8c Upward Force Static Disengagement Test for Storage Components .............................. 45
9 Stability Test (Section 9) ....................................................................................................... 48
9a Horizontal Force Stability Test for Tall Storage Units without Extendible Elements ....... 47
9b Stability Test for Type l Units with Extendible Elements .................................................. 50
9c Stability Test for Type I Storage Units with Multiple Extendible Elements ....................... 52
9d Stability Test for Type ll Storage Units with Extendible Elements.................................... 54
9e Vertical Force Stability Test for Storage Units ................................................................ 55
9f Stability Test for Pedestals/Storage Units with Seat Surfaces.......................................... 57
10 Storage Unit Drop Test (Section 10) ..................................................................................... 60
11 Movement Durability Test for Mobile Storage Units (Section 11) ......................................... 62
12 Rebound Test (Section 12) ................................................................................................... 64
13 Extendible Element Retention Impact and Durability (Out Stop) Test (Section 13) .............. 66
14 Lock Tests (Section 14) ........................................................................................................ 69
14a Force Test for Extendible Element Locks ...................................................................... 69
14b Force Test for Door Locks ............................................................................................. 71
14c Locking Mechanism Cycle Test ..................................................................................... 72
15 Extendible Element Cycle Test (Section 15)......................................................................... 74
16 Interlock Strength Test (Section 16) ..................................................................................... 79

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Figures (continued) ................................................................................................................. Page

17 Door Tests (Section 17) ........................................................................................................ 81

17a Strength Test for Vertically Hinged Doors, Bi-fold Doors and Vertically Receding Doors .......... 82
17b Hinge Override Test for Vertically Hinged Doors ........................................................... 83
17c Vertical Receding Doors Strength Test .......................................................................... 84
17d Horizontal Receding Doors Strength Test ..................................................................... 85
17e Wear and Fatigue Tests for Hinged, Horizontally Sliding, and Tambour Doors ....... 86-87
17f Wear and Fatigue Test for Vertical Receding Door ....................................................... 91
17g Wear and Fatigue Test for Horizontal Receding Door ................................................... 93
17h Out stop Test – Cyclic Impact ........................................................................................ 96
17i Out stop Test – Cyclic Durability ..................................................................................... 96
17j Slam Closed Test for Vertically Hinged and Vertically Receding Doors ......................... 98
17k Drop Test for Horizontally Hinged and Horizontally Receding Doors – Cyclic ............. 100
17L Slam Test for Doors which Free Fall Open or Closed ................................................. 101
17m Slam Open and Closed Test for Sliding & Roll-Front Doors which Do Not Free Fall . 103
18 Clothes Rail Static Loading Test (Section 18) .................................................................... 105
20 Pull Force Test (Force Gauge Method) (Section 20) .......................................................... 107
B1 Front Stability Loading Pad (Appendix B) .......................................................................... 116
B2 Front Stability Loading Fixture (Appendix B) ...................................................................... 117

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

American National Standard

for Office Furnishings

Storage Units

1 Scope
This standard is intended to provide a common basis for evaluating the safety, durability and
structural performance of storage units. It provides test methods and performance requirements
for freestanding, mobile, and wall-mounted storage units. Where a product may be covered by
more than one ANSI/BIFMA standard, the manufacturer shall determine which standard provides
most appropriate test conditions. This standard applies to products designed for use in
commercial and institutional environments. Its application for other environments may not be
appropriate; it is the responsibility of the user of this standard to determine its applicability to such
environments. Note: Commercial product naming conventions may cause confusion regarding
the applicability of this and other BIFMA standards. For example, a “credenza” is typically
defined and tested in the BIFMA X5.5 Desk standard, however, some configurations of
“credenzas” will appear to be storage products within the definition of this standard and may be
appropriately tested by this standard. The manufacturer shall determine which standard provides
most appropriate test conditions.

This standard specifies test methods and acceptance levels to help ensure reasonable safety
and performance independent of construction materials, manufacturing processes, mechanical
designs, or aesthetic designs. These tests are not intended to assess a product that has been in
use.

The tests were developed with an estimated product life of ten years based on a single-shift
usage. Product life will be affected by product use, care and maintenance, environment, and
other factors: product compliance to this standard does not necessarily guarantee a ten-year
product life. Products may perform longer than ten years with appropriate use and care.

The acceptance levels herein are based on the actual field and test experience of BIFMA
members.

ISO 17025 requirements for measurement uncertainty do not apply to this standard.

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

2 Definitions
Note: Refer to BIFMA PD-1 Mechanical Test Standards - Compiled Definitions for related terms not
included in this standard. Otherwise, the common dictionary definition shall be used for terms not
defined in this section or in BIFMA PD-1. In the case of a conflict between the definitions in this
standard and PD-1, the definitions in this standard shall apply.
2.1 acceptance level: The performance level required to pass the test.
2.2 adjustable glides: Support devices for leveling and/or stabilizing a storage unit.
(Alternately referred to as "glides," "levelers," "adjustable supports," or "height adjusters.")
2.3 cabinet: The case and all of its storage components.
2.4 case: The cabinet shell and all structural parts, including the sides, back, top plate, bottom
plate, front framing, vertical uprights and any other fixed member, excluding extendible
elements and shelves.
2.5 clear dimensions: The clear dimensions of the extendible element or storage component
are defined by the sides of the largest rectilinear box (with specific height limitations as
noted in 2.5.2 below) that fits into the space. For extendible elements, the box must clear
all stationary elements as the extendible element is taken through its full range of travel.
2.5.1 clear depth: The horizontal dimension of the box in the front-to-back direction. The
clear depth is not reduced by the presence of a compressor.
2.5.2 clear height: The vertical dimension of the box.
Exception: The maximum clear height value used for the clear space calculation
shall not exceed 305 mm (12 in.).
2.5.3 clear width: The horizontal dimension of the box at right angles to direction of
travel.
2.6 clear space: The volume defined by the product of the clear dimensions, e.g., clear space
= clear depth x clear width x clear height (Note exceptions in 2.5.2).
2.7 compressor: A device used to restrict the movement of the filed material.
2.8 counterweights: A device or material used to improve resistance to tipping of a storage
unit. These items may be supplied as original manufacturer's equipment, or as a
manufacturer's option, installed according to the manufacturer's instructions.
2.9 cycle: A complete operation of loading and unloading or stress reversal; one complete
revolution; to operate in a cyclic manner.
2.10 disengaged/disengagement: To release from an attachment or connection. For use
within this standard, a product is considered disengaged if the mechanism used to
position or retain a unit is not active or functioning after performing the test. For products
held in place by gravity, products are not considered disengaged if they have returned to
a properly installed position after performing the test.
2.11 display shelf: A shelf with a sloping surface and retaining flange or edge.
2.12 doors: A barrier by which an area is closed or opened. Types include: horizontal receding,
vertical receding, tambour, sliding, vertical swinging, horizontal swinging, accordion, and
others.

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2.13 extendible element: A movable load bearing storage component, including, but not limited
to: drawers, shelves, and filing frames. (This excludes doors, writing shelves, and keyboard
support surfaces. It also includes bins, boxes, and other unattached storage.)
2.14 force: A vector quantity, expressed in newtons (N) or Pounds-Force (lbf.), that tends to
produce an acceleration of a body in the direction of its application.
2.15 fully extended: The extendible element pulled out to the limit of its stops.
2.16 functional load: A level of loading intended to be typical of hard use.
2.17 ganging: Two or more storage units secured together in a group, side-to-side, rear-to-rear,
or a combination of the two.
2.18 instruction document: Information supplied by a manufacturer for use by the designer
and/or end user and his installation representative that list recommendations, limitations
and restrictions on the assembly, configuration, loading and use of the products.
2.19 interlock: A device that controls the extension of extendible elements to maintain the
stability of the unit.
2.20 latching mechanism: A keyless device designed to keep extendible elements and doors
in their closed position that requires active participation from the user to disengage the
device. Interlock and anti-rebound mechanisms are not considered latching mechanisms.
2.21 lateral file: A cabinet whose width is greater than its depth containing extendible elements.
Lateral files are designed for the storage and retrieval of “US letter” or “US legal” size
documents and may have adjustment features for other size documents. These products
are generally freestanding cabinets containing two to five extendible elements.
2.22 lbf.: Abbreviation for pounds-force. The corresponding unit in the SI (Systeme
Internationale) is the newton (N).
2.23 length: The measure of something along its greatest horizontal dimension. This may be
applied to either the unit or to the extendible elements, so it should be specifically identified
and described and may refer to either the width or depth of an item.
2.24 leveled: A condition where the storage unit, when installed, adopts and maintains a true
horizontal and vertical attitude. Leveling may be accomplished by, but not limited to, the
use of adjustable glides or shimming.
2.25 load: An applied weight or force.
2.26 lock: A device that secures the stationary and extendible elements of the storage unit
against undesired access or opening.
2.27 loss of serviceability: The failure of any product to carry its intended load or to perform its
normal function. Unless otherwise specified, cracked or broken glass is considered a loss
of serviceability.
2.28 low height drawer: A drawer, with a clear height less than 76 mm (3 in.) which is primarily
intended for the storage of light office supplies (such as pencils, pens, erasers, staples,
etc.).
2.29 N (newton): A unit of force in the SI (Systeme Internationale), also known as the Metric
System.
2.30 out stops: A device that limits the travel of the extendible element or door in a direction
away from the product.

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

2.31 pedestal: A self-contained unit less than or equal to 787 mm (31in.) in height with a depth
equal to or greater than its width, and having extendible elements or doors. The
extendible elements are typically used for multi-functional general storage or filing. It may
be freestanding, mounted under a horizontal surface, or mobile. Pedestal tops may be
configured to accommodate seating or storage.
2.32 product safety label: A sign, label, cord tag or decal affixed to the product that provides
safety information about that product. Product safety signs or labels may identify the
hazard, the degree or level of seriousness, the probable consequences of involvement with
the hazard, and how the hazard can be avoided.
2.33 proof load: A level of loading in excess of hard use.
2.34 pull: A feature used to facilitate the opening and closing of an extendible element or door.
Pull refers to both projecting and recessed features.
2.35 receding door: A compartment closure that pivots to allow access to the compartment,
then moves to a storage position parallel to the surface (top, bottom or side).
2.36 screen: Non-load-carrying space divider that is less than ceiling height.
2.37 shelf: A horizontal surface that is attached to a vertical support(s) and is used to store
materials. Shelves are not intended to provide seating capability.
2.38 stability: The ability of a storage unit to resist tipping under normal loading and use
conditions.
2.39 stabilizing device: A device that provides stability to the unit. Typically used devices are
interlock systems, casters on extendible elements, counterweights, etc.
2.40 stops: Devices that limit travel of extendible elements or doors.
2.41 storage component: A load-bearing element used as part of a storage unit, including, but
not limited to: drawers, shelves, and filing frames. (This excludes writing shelves).
2.42 storage units: An office furniture product. Storage units include, but are not limited to,
bookcases, wardrobes, cabinets, wall-mounted or exterior-mounted elements (such as shelf
assemblies), freestanding and mobile pedestals, lateral and vertical files, etc. Office
storage units are typically products not specifically covered by other BIFMA standards. For
the purpose of this standard, accessory items such as paper management products
(horizontal, vertical and diagonal paper trays), hanging rail bars, small storage bins and
other similar items (telephone trays, pencil holders and paper clip holders, etc.) are not
included in this standard.
2.43 suspension: The system that is used to facilitate the movement of the extendible element
or door in and out of the unit (often referred to as "slides" or "supports").
2.44 test load: A particular load/force placed in or on a component specified by a test
procedure and not included in the dead weight of the component.
2.45 test surface/platform: The horizontal hard surface (concrete or other non-deforming
surface) on which the storage unit is placed during testing.
2.46 tip over: The condition where the unrestricted storage unit will not return to its normal
upright position.

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

2.47 TV/Multimedia Cabinet: A unit that provides space for the storage/use of a video display
and associated electronic components.
2.48 unit: When used in the test procedures in this standard, unit refers to the product to be
tested. In the case where individual components can be combined, the combined assembly
shall be considered a unit.
2.49 unit bottom: The lowest horizontal fixed surface of a unit. It is used to enclose or partially
enclose the unit and/or protect its contents. Unit bottom may also be used to store
materials.
2.50 unit height: The vertical distance of a storage unit from the floor or test platform to its
highest load-bearing surface. The height measurement is taken with adjustable glides at
the midpoint of their adjustment but not to exceed 13 mm (0.5 in.). The height of wall-
mounted units shall be based on the manufacturer’s minimum recommended mounting
height.
2.51 unit top: The highest horizontal surface of a unit. It is used to enclose or partially enclose
the unit and/or protect its contents. Unit top may also be used to store materials and/or
accommodate a person’s ability to sit.
2.52 vertical file: A cabinet whose depth is greater than or equal to its width containing
exclusively extendible elements. Vertical files are designed for the storage and retrieval of
“US letter” or “US legal” size documents. These products are generally freestanding
cabinets containing two to five extendible elements.
2.53 width: A horizontal dimension from side to side.
2.54 worst-case condition: The condition (i.e., size and construction of a given unit type) most
likely to be adversely affected by an individual test or testing sequence.
2.55 writing shelf: A moveable, typically stowable surface that is not intended to carry loads
greater than defined in Table 1, whose primary function is to support ancillary office tasks,
such as writing and short term reference material handling.

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

3 General

3.1 Types of Tests

3.1.1 The testing and evaluation of a product according to this standard may require the use of
materials and/or equipment that could be hazardous. This document does not purport to address
all the safety aspects associated with the use of those materials and/or equipment. Anyone
using this standard has the responsibility to consult the appropriate authorities and to establish
health/safety practices and any applicable regulatory requirements prior to the use of the
materials or equipment described.

3.1.2 The types of tests to be employed fall into the following general categories:
a) static load applications;
b) dynamic load applications;
c) durability/cyclic tests;
d) stability tests.

3.1.3 Two types of load levels are used:

a) Functional loads are generally used to evaluate the durability/longevity of the products
under hard use and typically define acceptable performance in terms of continuing
serviceability.
b) Proof loads are generally used to evaluate the performance of the product in excess of
hard use and typically define acceptable performance in terms of structural integrity.

3.1.4 Each manufacturer’s model or unit type in any configuration (allowed by the
manufacturers planning guide) shall comply with applicable requirements when tested in
accordance with this standard. Only worst-case product, and/or furniture configurations
(including height adjustment capability) need to be tested. A worst-case product/configuration
shall be representative of all models or units of the type tested. If worst-case” is not readily
evident, a case-by-case product line analysis by the manufacturer in consultation with the
designated testing facility may be necessary, taking into consideration any special attributes,
methods of construction, materials, and/or design features, etc. Instruction documents and other
literature provided by the manufacturer shall be examined to determine products and/or product
configurations that are implicitly or explicitly recommended by the manufacturer when
determining compliance; it is expected that all configurations recommended by the manufacturer
must be able to meet the acceptance levels of the tests in this standard. Note: More than one
product may have to be tested for different tests to cover a product from a worst-case condition
standpoint.

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

3.1.5 Unless otherwise specified within an individual test section, only the worst-case
component(s) (extendible element, door, etc.) per unit need be tested. This will typically be the
largest component(s) of each construction/mounting type. Note that for some tests such as
impact, dislodgment and stability, the smallest or lightest product may be the worst-case
condition. If the worst-case condition is not readily evident, multiple components may require
testing.
3.1.6 It is not intended that all of the tests in this standard be conducted on a single unit. Tests
may be conducted on a single unit or a series of units at the discretion of the manufacturer with
the exception that functional loads and proof loads shall be applied to the same components in
the same unit. Only one extendible element or door of each type, as applicable, per unit shall be
tested. It is not necessary to repeat the tests for a particular type of extendible element or door
because more than one is provided as part of a unit. Similarly, this rule of testing a singular item
also applies to leg/supports or other assemblies when these items are of identical construction.
Note: If storage units are intended for wall hung applications, the unit including interfacing
hardware and/or brackets must also meet the applicable static and durability tests within this
standard.
3.1.7 The test setup for each test may include cycling devices or other fixturing. Unless
otherwise specified, these fixtures shall not support or add vertical or horizontal loads to the
product being tested. When cycling extendible elements the attachment method should apply
the forces to the pull across a maximum of 75 mm (3 in.) wide area to simulate loading by a
human hand. The cycling device should be attached to the extendible element pull whenever
feasible. When it is not feasible to attach to the pull and/or for integrated pulls (i.e., full length pull
areas) the attachment may be made in the pull area.
3.1.8 The tests may be conducted in any sequence.

3.2 Manufacturer's Instructions

When a manufacturer provides specific assembly/installation instructions, product safety labels,
or maintenance adjustments that may be required in order to keep the product in good operating
condition, these instructions shall be followed during testing unless otherwise specified by the
test procedures herein.
3.2.1 For the specific component test evaluations, test fixtures that replicate the interface of the
component to the system may be used to support the test specimen unless otherwise specified.
When used, test fixtures may be secured against tipping or movement. The method of securing
the test fixture shall not affect the load application.

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

3.3 Figures
Figures provided in this standard are intended as guidelines only and may not be representative
of all possible test configurations.

3.4 Figure Symbols

= FORCES

= EVENLY DISTRIBUTED FORCE

= TEST WEIGHT

= SECURED OR CLAMPED TO TEST

PLATFORM

= HORIZONTAL MOTION PREVENTED

= DIRECTION OR MOTION

3.5 Tolerances
Unless otherwise specified, tolerances on test equipment, measuring equipment and loading
devices, shall be:
• Test Weights, forces, velocities, and time, ± 5%
• Linear measurements, ± 1.5 mm (0.06 in.)
• Angles, ± 5 degrees
• Level, within 5 mm per meter (0.06 in. per linear foot) or within ± 0.3 degrees
• Cycle requirements are minimums

Test weights, forces, dimensions, angles, time, rates and velocities used to perform the test shall
be targeted at the nominal values specified and shall be subject to the above tolerances.
Devices used to calibrate test devices and/or machines shall be calibrated to one-fourth of the
above tolerance, with the exception of Level, which shall be calibrated to one-half.

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3.6 Recommended Test Report Format

When a test report is required, the following information should be included:
1. A title: (i.e., "Test Report");
2. Name and address of the laboratory, and the location where the tests were carried out, if
different from the address of the laboratory;
3. Unique identification of the report (such as serial number) and on each page an
identification in order to ensure that the page is recognized as part of the test report and a
clear identification of the end of the test report;
4. Name and address of the client (where applicable);
5. Description and unambiguous identification of the item tested (i.e., model number,
manufacturing date, etc.);
6. Characterization and condition of the test item;
7. Date of receipt of the test item;
8. Date(s) of the performance of test;
9. Identification of the test method used;
10. Any additions to, deviations from, or exclusions from the test method (such as
environmental conditions);
11. The name(s), function(s) and signature(s), or equivalent identification of the person(s)
authorizing the test report;
12. Where relevant, a statement to the effect that the results relate only to the items tested;
13. Date of issue of the report;
14. Test results with, where appropriate, the units of measurement and a statement of
compliance/non-compliance with requirements and/or specifications;
15. A statement that the report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written
approval of the laboratory.

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LOADING MATERIAL:
3
672 ± 80 kg/m
3
(42 ± 5 lb/ft )

OTHER MATERIAL TOP VIEW

FRONT Y
A=B = 0 to 13mm (0.0
to 0.5 in.)
LOADING MATERIAL
MUST OCCUPY A
X = 25 mm ± 6mm
MINIMUM OF 70%
OF THE CLEAR A B (1.0 in. ± 0.25 in.)
HEIGHT
Y = 25 mm ± 6mm
SIDE VIEW (1.0 in. ± 0.25 in.)

FRONT VIEW

Figure 3a - Loading Configuration for Extendible Elements (Deeper than Wide) With
Bottoms

X
LOADING MATERIAL:
672 ± 80 kg/m3
(42 ± 5 lb/ft3)

OTHER MATERIAL

Y
FRONT

LOADING MATERIAL
MUST OCCUPY A A B B A
MINIMUM OF 70% OF
THE CLEAR HEIGHT

FRONT VIEW

LOADING MATERIAL MAY BE CONFIGURED IN SINGLE OR MULTIPLE

STACKS.
A=B = 0 to 13mm
(0.0 to 0.5 in.)

X = 25 mm ± 6mm
(1.0 in. ± 0.25 in.)

Y = 25 mm ± 6mm
(1.0 in. ± 0.25 in.)

Figure 3b - Loading Configuration for Extendible Elements (Wider than Deep) With
Bottoms

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

LOADING MATERIAL: X
672 ± 80 kg/m3
(42 ± 5 lb/ft3)

TOP VIEW
OTHER MATERIAL

Y
FRONT A=B = 0 to 13mm
(0.0 to 0.5 in.)
LOADING MATERIAL
MUST OCCUPY A X = 25mm ± 6mm
MINIMUM OF 70% OF (1.0 in. ± 0.25 in.)
A B
THE CLEAR HEIGHT
Y = 25mm ± 6mm
SIDE VIEW (1.0 in. ± 0.25 in.)

FRONT VIEW

Figure 3c - Loading Configuration for Extendible Elements (Deeper than Wide) Without
Bottoms

LOADING MATERIAL:
672 ± 80 kg/m3
(42 ± 5 lb/ft3)
X OTHER MATERIAL

TOP
VIEW

LOADING Y
MATERIAL MUST
OCCUPY A
MINIMUM OF 70%
OF THE CLEAR
HEIGHT

FRONT
VIEW

SIDE VIEW X = 25mm ± 6mm

(1.0 in. ± 0.25 in.)
Y = 25mm ± 6mm
(1.0 in. ± 0.25 in.)
Figure 3d - Loading Configuration for Extendible Elements (Wider than Deep) Without
Bottoms

3.7 Loading Configurations

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3.7.1 Loading Material for Extendible Elements

The functional loading material shall have a density of 672 ± 80 kg/m3 (42 ± 5 lb./ft.3). A typical
loading material could be 721 kg/m3 (45 lb./ft.3) industry standard particleboard or typical bond
copier paper. The loading material size may be adjusted to accommodate the size of the
extendible element to be tested. If necessary, up to 15% of the weight may be made up of higher
density plates, placed on edge, centered between the other loading material. For extendible
elements with clear heights greater than 216 mm (8.5 in.) the loading material shall be placed on
its edge to minimize deflection of the extendible element bottom. For extendible elements with
clear heights less than 216 mm (8.5 in.) the loading material does not need to be placed on its
edge.
Note: Higher density materials may be used for proof loads.

3.7.2 Loading Material for Other Than Extendible Elements

Loading material of any density that meets the weight requirements of the test may be used.
(Examples: concrete bricks, shot bags, metal plates, sand bags, typical bond copier paper, etc.).

3.7.3 Loading Configurations for Extendible Elements with Bottom Supported Loads
(See Figures 3a and 3b)
The clear space within an extendible element shall be loaded using the materials specified in
Section 3.7.1. The loading material shall be uniformly distributed front to rear, and side-to-side in
the bottom of the extendible element. The air gap in the front and the air gap in the rear shall
each be 25 mm ± 6 mm (1.0 in. ± 0.25 in.). The volumetric distribution of the loading materials
may be adjusted with the use of rigid materials (such as expanded polystyrene foam, steel, etc. –
see “other materials” in Figures 3a-3d in order to obtain the specified front and rear air gaps. The
front and rear air gaps shall be free of any materials. See Figure 3a for extendible elements
which are deeper than wide. See Figure 3b for extendible elements which are wider than deep.

3.7.4 Loading Configurations for Extendible Elements for Hanging-file Supported Loads
(See Figure 3c and 3d)
The loading material specified in Section 3.7.1 shall be placed in hanging file folders of the
appropriate size. The loading material shall be uniformly distributed front to rear, and side-to-
side. The air gap in the front and the air gap in the rear shall each be 25 mm ± 6 mm (1.0 in. ±
0.25 in.). The volumetric distribution of the loading materials may be adjusted with the use of
rigid materials (such as expanded polystyrene foam, steel, etc. – see “other materials” in Figures
3a-3d) in order to obtain the specified front and rear air gaps. The front and rear air gaps shall

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

be free of any materials. See Figure 3c for extendible elements which are deeper than wide.
See Figure 3d for extendible elements which are wider than deep.
Note: Where extendible elements have the capability of supporting loads both on the bottom and
in hanging folders, test in accordance with Section 3.7.3.

3.7.5 Load Application

Loads may be secured to surfaces, excluding extendible elements. The method of securing the
loads shall not enhance or compromise the structure of the component(s) being tested. When
loads are applied through load disks, the load shall be centered on the disk.

3.8 Test Force Application

To ensure that negligible dynamic force is applied, the forces in the static force tests shall be
applied sufficiently slowly until the target load/force is achieved. Where time limits are given,
loads and forces shall be maintained according to the tolerance given in Section 3.5 unless
otherwise specified.

3.9 Cycle rates

The cycle rates given in each test method shall be used unless the product’s mechanism may be
compromised. In some product designs, the mechanism may have a self-activating or self-
limiting travel speed (e.g. “soft-close” or “soft-open” doors) that may be damaged by the specified
cycle rates. In these cases, the test device and cycle rate shall be adjusted to allow the unit to
perform as designed.

3.10 Pretest Inspection

Before beginning the testing, visually inspect the unit thoroughly. Record any defects so that
they are not assumed to have been caused by the tests.

3.11 Temperature and Humidity Considerations

The sample for test should be stored in indoor ambient conditions for at least 24 hours
immediately prior to testing. The tests should be carried out at indoor ambient conditions. If
during a test the temperature is outside the range 15 °C to 27 °C (59 °F to 80 °F) or relative
humidity of 10-70%, the maximum and/or minimum temperature or humidity during testing should
be recorded in the test report.

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Table 1 - Test Loads

Functional Load Proof Load

Item Specifications
Concentrated Distributed Concentrated Distributed
2 2
Unit Top Unit height > 1524 N/A 63 kg/m N/A 99 kg/m
2 2
mm (60 in.) (0.09 lb./in. ) (0.14 lb./in. )
2 2
Unit Top Unit height > 965 N/A 141 kg/m N/A 211 kg/m
2 2
mm ≤ 1524 mm (0.20 lb./in. ) (0.30 lb./in. )
(> 38 in. ≤ 60 in.)
2 2
Unit Top Unit height ≤ 965 91 kg 141 kg/m 136 kg. 211 kg/m
2 2
mm (200 lb.) (0.20 lb./in. ) (300 lb.) (0.30 lb./in. )
(≤ 38 in.).
3 3
Shelf/Unit Bottom Calculate load N/A 470 kg/m N/A 720 kg/m
3 3 .
based on the clear (0.017 lb./in. ) (0.026 lb./in. )
space above the
1
surface , but height
dimension not >
305mm (12 in.)

Door Shelf All N/A 0.018 kg/mm N/A N/A

(1 lb./in.)
Display Shelf and All N/A 0.027 kg/mm N/A 0.040 kg/mm
Bottom Hinged (1.5 lb./in.) (2.25 lb./in.)
Doors
3 3
Extendible Calculate load N/A 470 kg/m N/A 720 kg/m
3 3
elements based on the clear (0.017 lb./in. ) (0.026 lb./in. )
space (see 2.5.)
Low Height N/A N/A 2.3 kg N/A N/A
Drawers (5 lb.)
Adjustable width ≤ 914 mm N/A 30 kg N/A 45 kg
Keyboard (width ≤36 in.) (66 lb.) (100 lb.)
Adjustable width > 914 mm N/A 45 kg N/A 68 kg
Keyboard (width >36 in.) (100 lb.) (150 lb.)
Support
Writing Shelves All Sizes N/A 11 kg N/A N/A
(25 lb.)
Clothes Rail All Sizes 30 kg/m N/A N/A N/A
1.7 lb./in.
Video Displays All Sizes According to N/A N/A N/A
manufacture
r’s
instructions
or 50lbs. if
none given.

1The available space above the surface shall be determined using the concept of the largest rectangular
box that will fit into the space. This concept is similar to that described in Section 2.5 “Clear Dimensions”.

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Table 2 – Loading Guide

CONCENTRATED DISTRIBUTED CONCENTRATED DISTRIBUTED

FUNCTIONAL TEST FUNCTIONAL PROOF TEST PROOF TEST
(See 4.2) TEST (See 4.4) (See 4.5)
(See 4.3)

UNIT TOP CONCENTRATED DISTRIBUTED CONCENTRATED DISTRIBUTED

FUNCTIONAL LOAD FUNCTIONAL PROOF LOAD PROOF LOAD
LOAD

SHELVES / UNIT DISTRIBUTED DISTRIBUTED DISTRIBUTED DISTRIBUTED

BOTTOM FUNCTIONAL LOAD FUNCTIONAL PROOF LOAD PROOF LOAD
LOAD

EXTENDIBLE FUNCTIONAL LOAD FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL

ELEMENTS LOAD LOAD LOAD

Table 3 – Storage Unit Classification Criteria for Units

WIDTH HEIGHT*
OR
TYPE I: > 508 mm (20 in.) >787 mm (31 in.)

AND
TYPE II: ≤ 508 mm ( 20 in.) ≤ 787 mm (31 in.)

*The height is determined by the top of the structure of the unit with the glides at their midpoint of
adjustment but not to exceed 13 mm (0.5 in.) from the fully retracted position. Add-on seating
surfaces are not considered as part of the unit structure for determining height classification.
(See Section 9.7 for stability test for units with seat surfaces).

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CONCENTRATED 305 mm (12 in.) DISK

EXTENDIBLE
LOAD
ELEMENTS LOADED
AND EXTENDED

25 mm
(1 in.)

Figure 4a – Concentrated Load Test

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178 mm
(7 in.) 305 mm
(12 in.)

178 mm CENTERED
(7 in.)

305 mm
(12 in.)

Figure 4b – Examples of Loading for Irregular Shaped Units (Top View)

4 Unit Strength Test (See Figures 4a, 4b, and 4c and Table 2)

Note: the following unit strength tests may be conducted in any order (concentrated vs.
distributed loadings), however the functional loadings should be applied prior to the proof
loadings. For cabinets with doors that stow above the cabinet top, the top surface shall not be
loaded.

4.1 Purpose of Tests

The purpose of these tests is to evaluate the ability of the storage unit to withstand static loads
when loaded to its full capacity. Combined components shall be tested simultaneously as a unit
(See definition 2.48).

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4.2 Concentrated Functional Load Test (See Figure 4a and 4b)

4.2.1 Test Setup

a) The unit shall be leveled and the base may be secured to the test platform to prevent
tipping. The method of securing shall not affect the load application. If the unit requires
support from adjacent units, all units shall be tested together as a system.

b) For units with a height ≤965 mm (≤38 in.) apply the specified concentrated load per Table
1 to the unit top through a 305 mm (12 in.) diameter disk so that its center is 178 mm (7
in.) from the unit’s edge at its apparent weakest point. If this placement causes the disk to
overhang an edge, or causes the center of the disk to be farther than 12” from the closest
corner, reposition the load to be centered 12” from the corner and with equidistant
overhang (see Figure 4b for of non-rectangular surface examples). If at the apparent
weakest point the top has a depth less than 356 mm (14 in.), center the loading disk
across the depth at that position. When the weakest point is not obvious, several load
applications may be necessary to properly test the product.
c) When testing units with lengths greater than 1829 mm (72 in.), two concentrated loads
are required. The concentrated loads, described in Table 1, are applied through 305 mm
(12 in.) diameter disks. The centers of these disks shall be placed 915 mm ± 25 mm (36
in. ± 1.0 in.) apart and 178 mm (7 in.) in from the edge of the unit’s top at the apparent
weakest point.
d) All remaining surfaces and extendible elements shall be loaded according to the
functional distributed loads per Tables 1 and 2. The largest two extendible elements shall
be fully opened for the duration of the test. For type ll storage units (see Table 3), open
only the largest capacity extendible element. If the unit contains an interlock that will not
allow all extendible elements to be open simultaneously, open the largest capacity
extendible element(s).

4.2.2 Test Procedure

a) Loads shall be allowed to remain for 60 minutes and then remove the concentrated loads.
b) Perform the Pull Force Test in Section 20.

4.2.3 Acceptance Level

There shall be no loss of serviceability. Upon completion of the test, the extendible member(s)
shall meet the pull force requirements of Section 20.

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DISTRIBUTED LOAD

CENTER
LINE OF
LOAD

203 mm (8 in.)

EXTENDIBLE
ELEMENTS LOADED
AND EXTENDED

Figure 4c - Distributed Load Test

4.3 Distributed Functional Load Test (See Figure 4c and Table 2)

Note: This test does not apply for units less than 965 mm (38 in.) in height if the unit top surface is
2 2
less than 0.65 m (1000 in ) as these test loads are exceeded in the concentrated load tests
4.3.1 Test Setup
a) The unit shall be leveled and the base may be secured to the test platform to prevent
tipping. The method of securing shall not affect the load application. If the unit requires
support from adjacent units, all units shall be tested together as a system.
b) All surfaces and extendible elements shall be loaded according to the functional loads per
Tables 1 and 2. For unit tops, loads shall be evenly distributed and centered over a line
203 mm (8 in.) in from the edge along the entire perimeter. For surfaces that are less
than 406 mm (16 in.) deep, evenly distribute the load across the surface. The loads may
be secured to the surface if necessary to perform this test.
c) The largest two extendible elements shall be fully opened for the duration of the test. For
type ll storage units (see Table 3), open only the largest capacity extendible element. If
the unit contains an interlock that will not allow all extendible elements to be open
simultaneously, open the largest capacity extendible element(s).

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

4.3.2 Test Procedure

a) Loads shall be allowed to remain for 60 minutes.
b) Close the extendible elements.
c) Without removing any of the loads, perform the Pull Force Test in Section 20.

4.3.3 Acceptance Level

There shall be no loss of serviceability. Upon completion of the test, the extendible member(s)
shall meet the pull force requirements of Section 20.

4.4 Concentrated Proof Load Test (See Figures 4a and 4b and Table 2)

4.4.1 Test Setup

Perform the setup per Section 4.2.1 using the unit top concentrated proof load per Table 1. All
remaining surfaces shall be loaded according to the proof distributed loads per Tables 1 and 2,
except for the extendible elements, which shall remain loaded and fully extended with the
functional loads.

4.4.2 Test Procedure

Loads shall be allowed to remain for 15 minutes and then removed.

4.4.3 Acceptance Level

There shall be no sudden and major change in the structural integrity of the product. Loss of
serviceability is acceptable.

4.5 Distributed Proof Load Test (See Figure 4c and Table 2)

Note: This test does not apply for units less than 965 mm (38 in.) in height if the unit top surface is
2 2
less than 0.65 m (1000 in ) as these test loads are exceeded in the concentrated load tests

4.5.1 Test Setup

Perform the setup per Section 4.3.1 using the appropriate distributed proof loads per Tables 1
and 2, except for the extendible elements, which shall remain loaded and fully extended with the
functional loads.

4.5.2 Test Procedure

Loads shall be allowed to remain for 15 minutes and then removed.

4.5.3 Acceptance Level

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

There shall be no sudden and major change in the structural integrity of the product. Loss of
serviceability is acceptable.

4.6 Extendible Element Static Load Tests

4.6.1 Purpose of Tests

The purpose of these tests is to ensure that the extendible element (including suspension
system, interlock, in-stop/anti-rebound, detent mechanisms, etc.) is durable and/or capable of
supporting typical loads.

4.6.2 Extendible Element Functional Load Test

The functional loading tests for extendible elements are performed as described in Section 4.2
and 4.3 and need not be repeated if they have already been performed.

4.6.3 Extendible Element Proof Load Test

This test does not apply to pencil/center drawers.

4.6.3.1 Test Setup

a) The unit shall be leveled and the base may be secured to the test surface/platform to
prevent tipping. The method of securing shall not affect the load application.
b) Determine the extendible element of each type (each element construction, suspension
design, etc.) with the largest available clear space (if two or more elements have identical
clear space, select one of the elements for further testing). Uniformly distribute a proof
load per Table 1 in the selected extendible element.

4.6.3.2 Test Procedure

a) Close the extendible element and allow the load to remain for 15 minutes.
b) Open the extendible element, allow the load to remain for 15 minutes, and then remove
the load.
c) Repeat the test as necessary for each element type (see Section 3.1.6.).

4.6.3.3 Acceptance Level

There shall be no sudden and major change in the structural integrity of the product. Loss of
serviceability is acceptable.

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

B
A

A B

A
A

B
A
Block leg to
oppose force
applied

Perspective View

LEGS OR GLIDES NOT

LEGS “INTERCONNECTED”
“INTERCONNECTED”

Figure 5 - Leg/Glide Assembly Strength Test Configurations

5 Leg/Glide Assembly Strength Test (See Figure 5)

5.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the ability of storage units to withstand the forces
encountered during handling or moving. This test does not apply to units with casters.

5.2 Test Setup

5.2.1 The unloaded unit shall be positioned on a test surface/platform and leveled. The
leg/glide assembly to be tested shall be restrained from movement in the horizontal
direction by an obstruction(s) not greater than 13mm (0.5 in.) in height, as needed to
oppose each force as it is applied. If the unit has glides, extend them to their midpoint
but not to exceed 13 mm (0.5 in.) from the fully retracted position.
5.2.2 Calculate Functional Force “A” (“A” forces represent forces encountered by “leading
edge” legs during movement of the unit):
a) For units weighing greater than or equal to 18 kg. (40 lbs.), calculate the Functional
Force "A" as follows (not to exceed 445 N (100 lbf.)):
"A" = 0.5 x (unit weight, kg) x 9.8 + 222 N

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

["A" = 0.5 x (unit weight, lb.) + 50 lbf.]

b) For units weighing less than 18 kg (40 lbs.), calculate the Functional Force "A" as
follows
"A" = 0.5 x (unit weight, kg) x 9.8 + 44 N
["A" = 0.5 x (unit weight, lb.) + 10 lbf.]
5.2.3 Calculate the Functional Force "B" as (0.5 x "A"). (“B” forces represent lower levels of
force on any legs that are not “leading edge” legs).
5.2.4 Calculate the Proof Forces "A" (not to exceed 667 N (150 lbf.)) and "B" as follows:
Proof Force "A" = 1.5 x (Functional Force "A").
Proof Force "B" = 1.5 x (Functional Force "B").

5.3 Functional Test Procedure

a) Apply a horizontal force to the unit in line with the leg/glide assembly as high as possible
on the unit, but not higher than 1600 mm (63 in.). If any of the leg/glide assemblies lift off
the test surface/platform as a result of the force application, lower the load application
point to prevent lifting. (These load applications may be applied starting at the
approximate center of gravity of the unit, then moving upward to find the tip point).
b) Gradually apply the horizontal functional forces ("A" and "B"), one at a time, as described
in Figure 5. If the loading results in horizontal rotational movement of the unit, additional
blocking of the remaining legs may be required to prevent rotational movement. Any
additional blocking may not provide support or lessen the test loads.
c) Repeat steps a) and b) for each unique type or non-symmetrically placed supporting
member on the storage product. It is not necessary to repeat tests on legs or support
members of identical construction.
d) If the leg/glide assembly being tested is attached to a unit with an extendible element or
door, perform the pull force test per Section 20 on each type and size of extendible
element or door.

5.4 Functional Test Acceptance Level

No loss of serviceability shall occur as a result of the application of the functional loads. After
application of the functional loads, each extendible element or door shall meet the pull force
requirements of Section 20.

5.5 Proof Test Procedure

Repeat steps 5.3(a) through 5.3(c) applying the specified proof load.

5.6 Proof Test Acceptance Levels

Application of the proof loads shall cause no sudden and major change in the structural integrity
of the storage unit or its components. Loss of serviceability is acceptable.

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

LOAD:
LOAD: 23 kg (50 lb.)
23 kg (50 lb.)

EVENLY DISTRIBUTED
25 mm LOAD
(1 in.) PER TABLE 1

Figure 6 - Racking Resistance Test

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

6 Racking Resistance Test (See Figure 6)

6.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the ability of the storage unit to resist torsional racking that
may occur during movement or due to stress caused by uneven floors. This test applies to units ≤
1830 mm (72 in.) in length with flat bottoms, perimeter bottom supports or four point supports.
This test does not apply to units with casters or unloaded units weighing greater than 600 lbs.
This test does not apply to Type ll storage units (see Table 3).

6.2 Test Setup

a) Determine the weight of the unloaded unit to be tested.
b) The storage unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform. If the storage unit is equipped
with glides, place them in their fully retracted position.
c) The storage unit shall be placed on four blocks each 152 mm (6 in.) square by 25 mm (1
in.) high flush with the edges of the cabinet.
d) Apply the distributed functional load to the applicable elements as specified in Table 1
except unit tops (see f). Shelf loads shall be evenly distributed front to back and left to
right. Distributed loads shall be configured as described in Section 3.7 for extendible
elements. If the specified loads cause the combined weight to be greater than 600 lbs,
reduce the functional loads (in equal percentages) to bring the total weight of the unit and
distributed functional loads to 600 lbs.
e) Close all extendible elements after loading them in Step (c).
f) The top of the unit shall be loaded as follows. 23 kg (50 lb.) weights shall be loaded on
top of the cabinet at each of two opposing corners [45 kg. (100 lb.) total]. The weights
shall be applied through 230 mm x 230 mm (9 in. x 9 in.) area flush with the outermost
edges of the unit top.

6.3 Test Procedure

a) Carefully remove the supports from under the weighted corners.
b) The storage unit shall remain in this position for 60 minutes.
c) Replace support blocks or place the unit on the test surface/platform and level the unit.
d) Perform the Pull Force Test on each extendible element as defined in Section 20.

6.4 Acceptance Level

The storage unit shall have no loss of serviceability. All extendible elements shall be tested to
and meet the pull force test as defined in Section 20.

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

406 mm (16 in.)

Diameter Bag

91 kg
(200 lb)

25 mm (1 in.)

Figure 7a - Top Load Ease Cycle Test

7 Vertical Load Durability Tests

7.1 Top Load Ease Cycle Test (See Figure 7a)

7.1.1 Purpose of Test
The purpose of this test is to evaluate the durability of the unit to withstand cyclic loading of the
unit top. This test applies to units with tops less than or equal to 965 mm (38 in.) in height
including mobile and freestanding pedestals.

This test does not apply to:

• units with cushioned or contoured seating surfaces (See Section 7.2).
• shelves or adjustable keyboard surfaces. (If it is unclear whether the surface is a unit top
or a shelf, this test applies).
• units with tops less than 406 mm (16 in.) in depth.

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

• units with integral (non-detachable) overhead storage units, hutches, etc. that limit the
useable depth of the top or with designs that interfere with a person’s ability to sit on the
surface.

7.1.2 Test Setup

a) The unit shall be placed on the test surface/platform, leveled, and restrained to prevent
movement.
b) All extendible elements shall be tested to and meet the pull force test requirements of
Section 20.
c) Apply the distributed functional load to the applicable elements (except the unit top) as
specified in Table 1. Shelf loads shall be evenly distributed front to back and left to right.
Distributed loads shall be configured as described in Section 3.7 for extendible elements.
d) For units with a unit top greater than or equal to 457 mm (18 in.) deep, a 91 kg (200 lb.)
weight applied by means of a 406 mm ± 13 mm (16 in. ± 0.5 in.) diameter bag, or force
applied through a 406 ± 13 mm (16 in. ± 0.5 in.) disk shall be positioned on the unit top
with the edge of the bag/disk within 25 mm (1 in.) from the edge of the surface at the
apparent weakest point. For unit tops less than 457 mm (18 in.) deep, center the
bag/disk on the available surface depth.
e) The cycling device shall be set to operate at a rate of 14 ± 6 cycles per minute.

7.1.3 Test Procedure

a) The bag shall be raised or force removed until the entire load is off the unit top and then
eased or reapplied (without impact) onto the surface so that it takes the entire
weight/force without any support from the cycling device.
b) Repeat Step (a) for a total of 10,000 cycles.
c) Remove the load and perform the pull force test in Section 20.

7.1.4 Acceptance Level

There shall be no loss of serviceability. Upon completion of the cycling test, the extendible
element(s) shall meet the pull force requirements of Section 20.

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

See Appendix A
for example of
one acceptable
bag design

76 mm
(3 in.)

13 mm (0.5 in.)

Figure 7b -- Drop Test – Dynamic – for Units with Seat Surfaces

7.2 Drop Test – Dynamic – for Units with Seat Surfaces (See Figure 7b)

7.2.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the ability of the unit to withstand heavy and abusive
impact forces on the seating surface. This test applies to all pedestals and storage units with
seating surfaces that are cushioned or contoured and that are less than or equal to 965 mm (38
in.) in height.

7.2.2 Test Setup

a) The unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform.
b) If adjustable features are available, set these adjustments at midpoint of any adjustment
ranges. Casters, if present, shall be initially placed at the apparent worst-case position.
c) Apply the distributed functional load to the applicable elements (other than the seating
surface) as specified in Table 1. Shelf loads shall be evenly distributed front to back and
left to right. Distributed loads shall be configured as described in Section 3.7 for
extendible elements. Extendible elements shall be closed for the duration of the test.
d) A test bag as shown in Appendix A or other fixture that gives an equivalent impact shall
be attached to a device permitting a free fall to the seating surface as shown in Figure 7b.

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

e) The bag shall be centered side-to-side on the seating surface and the edge of the bag
shall be 13 mm (0.5 in.) back from the front edge of the seating surface.

7.2.3 Test Procedures

a) A test bag approximately 406 mm (16 in.) in diameter containing shot weighing 91 kg (200
lb.) shall be raised 76 mm (3 in.) above the uncompressed seat and allowed to free fall
onto the seating surface one time. (See Figure 7b).
b) Remove the bag and evaluate the product in accordance with the acceptance level in
7.2.4.

7.2.4 Acceptance Level

There shall be no sudden and major change in the structural integrity of the storage unit or its
components. Loss of serviceability is acceptable.

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

See Appendix A
for example of one
acceptable bag
design

13 mm (0.5 in.)

30 mm
(1.2 in.)

Figure 7c – Durability Test for Units with Seating Surfaces – Cyclic Impact

7.3 Durability Test for Units with Seating Surfaces – Cyclic Impact (See Figure 7c)

7.3.1 Purpose of Tests

The purpose of these tests is to evaluate the ability of the unit to withstand fatigue stresses and
wear caused by downward vertical force(s) on the seating surfaces. This test applies to all
pedestals and storage units with seating surfaces that are cushioned or contoured and that are
less than or equal to 965 mm (38 in.) in height.

7.3.2 Test Setup

a) The unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform and be restrained in a manner that will
maintain the impact location on the seat. The method of restraint shall not add support or
structure to the unit, or inhibit movement of the unit’s response to the impact. Casters, if
present, shall be initially placed at the apparent worst-case position.
b) If adjustable features are available, set these adjustments at midpoint of any adjustment
ranges.
c) Apply the distributed functional load to the applicable elements (other than the seating
surface) as specified in Table 1. Shelf loads shall be evenly distributed front to back and

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

left to right. Distributed loads shall be configured as described in Section 3.7 for
extendible elements. Extendible elements shall be closed for the duration of the test.
d) Units with less than 44 mm (1.75 in.) of cushioning materials in the seat shall have foam
added to bring total cushioning thickness to 50 mm ± 6 mm (2 in. ± .25 in.). Any
additional foam added to the top of the seat shall have a 25% Indentation Force
Deflection (IFD) of 200 N ± 22 N (45 lbf. ± 5 lbf.).1
e) A test bag approximately 406 mm (16 in.) in diameter containing media (steel shot, slugs,
punches are typical – see Appendix A) weighing 57 kg (125 lb.), shall be attached to a
cycling device, permitting a free fall to the seat as shown in Figure 9h. The free fall shall
begin after lifting the test bag 30 mm (1.2 in.) above the uncompressed surface on the
seating surface, as measured at the center of the seating surface. Other methods of
creating the impact are acceptable if the impact can be shown as equivalent. The drop
height and/or seat height shall be adjusted during the test if the drop height increases by
more than 13 mm (0.5 in.). The cycling device shall be set at an appropriate rate
between 10 and 30 cycles per minute.
f) The bag shall be centered side-to-side on the seating surface and the edge of the bag
shall be 13 mm (0.5 in.) back from the front edge of the seating surface.

7.3.3 Test Procedure

The unit shall be tested to 7,500 cycles.

7.3.4 Acceptance Level

There shall be no loss of serviceability. Upon completion of the cycling test, the extendible
element(s) shall meet the pull force requirements of Section 20.

1Specimen thickness 102 mm (4 in.). See Method B1, Indentation Force Deflection Test, in Standard Test
Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials —Slab, Bonded, and Molded Urethane Foams, ASTM D 3574.

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

PIVOT POINT

BAG FILLED WITH 22.7 kg (50 lb.) OF

1282 mm ± 12 mm STEEL SHOT, NOT TO EXCEED 9mm
(50.5 in. ± 0.5 in.) (3/8 in.) DIAMETER, OR EQUIVALENT.

508 mm ± 51 mm
(20 in. ± 2 in.)
IMPACT LINE
ON BAG

64 mm ± 6 mm 203 mm ± 12mm
(2.5 in. ± 0.25 in. ) (8 in. ± 0.5 in.)
610 mm ± 12 mm
(24 in. ± 0.5 in.)

IMPACT DEVICE

100 mm (4 in)

d c e

100 mm
(4 in.) but not >
1321 mm (52
in.) from the
floor

REAR VIEW LEFT SIDE

100 mm (4 in)

a b f

FRONT VIEW RIGHT SIDE

Figure 8a - Separation Test for Tall Storage Units with Vertically Attached or Stackable Components

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

8 Separation and Disengagement Tests

8.1 Separation Test for Tall Storage Units with Vertically Attached or Stackable
Components (See Figure 8a)

8.1.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the ability of tall storage products with vertical add-on
components weighing more than 4.9 kg/m2 (1 lb./ ft2.) of surface area (area calculated based on
one side only) and total weight exceeds 9 kg (20 lbs.) to resist separation due to horizontal
impacts. This test applies to storage products with add-on components whose combined height
is greater than 1067 mm (42 in.). If manufacturer’s instructions indicate that the unit is to be
placed against the wall, no back or front horizontal impact tests are required. This test also
applies to products with attached privacy screens that weigh greater than 4.9 kg/m2 (1 lb./ ft2.) of
surface area (area calculated based on one side only) and total weight exceeds 9 kg (20 lbs.).

8.1.2 Test Setup

The unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform and leveled. The unit shall be restrained by
the following method:
8.1.2.1 Apply a load to the lower part of the unit to prevent tipping during the test. Either of the
following options is acceptable:
a) Determine the storage element with the largest available clear space and apply a
proof load per Table 1. Apply a functional load per Table 1 to all remaining storage
elements in the lower part of the unit. Extendible elements, if any, shall remain closed
and locked or secured from opening. The unit shall be blocked to prevent horizontal
movement (sliding of the base).
b) Place a 136 kg. (300 lb.) load in the base storage unit. If possible, the entire load
should be positioned directly below the stacking cabinet to be tested, otherwise
distribute the load across base unit storage areas. The unit shall be blocked to
prevent horizontal movement (sliding of the base).

Note: The unit shall not be allowed to tip over as a result of the impact force. If the unit tips over
as a result of the impact, the lower part of the unit must be secured to the test
surface/platform. The method of securing shall not provide support to the attached
component(s).

8.1.3 Test Procedure

8.1.3.1 Swing a bag that is 203 mm ± 12 mm (8 in. ± 0.5 in.) in diameter, weighing 22.7 kg (50
lb.) and suspended on a cable, through a horizontal distance of 609 mm (24 in.) from a point that

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

just touches the impact surface. See Figure 8a for a description of the bag impact device. For
unit-mounted privacy screens or screen assemblies whose surface will not accept the full impact
(i.e, textile or plastic filler inside of a frame), center the impact bag on the frame as close as
possible to the locations given in Figure 8a. For privacy screens less than 75 mm (3 in.) in
thickness, only front and back impact apply. Component less than 610 mm (24 in.) in width, shall
have only one front and one back impact applied for a total of four impacts. Applicable front, side
or back impacts are not required for component surfaces inset more than 305 mm (12 in.) from
the support surface /base-unit edge.
8.1.3.2 Impact the unit once at each of the following locations in the order given without
repositioning the impacted element. The impact shall be centered along a line that is 102 mm (4
in.) down from the top edge, but not at a height greater than 1321 mm (52 in.). If the impact
location is centered on an open area (e.g. open book shelf), move the impact to the closest
vertical location on the unit.

See Figure 8a for a description of the impact locations:

a) Impact front of product with impact bag centered 100 mm (4 in.) from its left side,
b) Impact front of product with impact bag centered 100 mm (4 in.) from its right side,
c) Impact back of product with impact bag centered 100 mm (4 in.) from its left side,
d) Impact back of product with impact bag centered 100 mm (4 in.) from its right side,
e) Impact center of product's left side,
f) Impact center of product's right side.

8.1.4 Acceptance Level

The attached or stackable units shall not become totally separated (fall off) from the base unit as
the result of the impact sequence given. Loss of serviceability is acceptable. Cracked or broken
glass is not acceptable.

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152 mm (6 in.)

IMPACT
ZONE Rigid beam
(Metal or
wood)

101 mm
(4 in.)

356 mm 356 mm
(14 in.) (14 in.)

Impact head material: 25 mm (1.0

4.5 kg
in.) thick x 75 mm x 75 mm (3 in. x 3 (10 lb.)
in.) Polyurethane Slab Foam 65%
90-140 lb. IFD3

Figure 8b - Upward Impact Force Disengagement Test for Storage Components

(Wall/fixture-mounted storage component shown)

8.2 Upward Impact Force Disengagement Test for Storage Components (See Figure 8b)

8.2.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the ability of a storage component to resist accidental
disengagement that may occur as a result of impacts exerted from beneath the component. This
test applies to storage components that extend beyond the footprint of the unit or are wall-hung,

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

weigh more than 5 kg (11 lb.) and have depths greater than 180 mm (7.1 in.). This test does not
apply to bookcase shelves and other recessed components where the unit’s design is such that
attached components would not likely be subjected to upward impacts. This test does not apply
to extendible elements.

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

8.2.2 Test Setup

a) The storage component shall be installed on a wall, storage unit or test fixture (See
3.2.1) per manufacturer’s instructions. Freestanding storage units shall be leveled,
and secured against movement. The impact shall be performed at the determined
"worst case" location.
b) Several locations may be impacted to determine the "worst case". The impact
locations can be anywhere from 152 mm (6 in.) outward from the attachment point.

8.2.3 Test Procedure

a) The Impact Device shall be held secure from movement during the test.
b) Position the impact head under the component.
Note: Impact Head Material: 25 mm (1.0 in.) thick polyurethane slab foam.
(IFD @ 65% 90-140 lb.)1
c) Level the horizontal arm of the Impact Device.
d) A 4.5 kg (10 lb.) weight shall be suspended from a point located 356 mm (14 in.) from the
pivot pin at the end opposite the impact head. (The impact head is 356 mm [14 in.] in
front of the pivot pin). The impact arm shall be leveled when the weight is applied and the
impact surface is in contact (and compressed) against the impact target.
e) The horizontal arm shall be lifted to 102 mm (4 in.) as measured at the location of the
weight attachment. The arm shall then be allowed to free-fall so the impact head strikes
the component. Impact the unit anywhere along its lower surface, but not closer than 152
mm (6 in.) from its attachment point.

8.2.4 Acceptance Level

The component shall not become disengaged. There shall be no loss of serviceability from the
application of the force. If it is unclear whether disengagement to the impacted unit has
occurred, apply the appropriate distributed functional load(s) per Table 1. The unit shall not
become disengaged from its attachment upon application of the functional load.

1See Method B1, Indentation Force Deflection Test, in Standard Test Methods for Flexible Cellular
Materials – Slab, Bonded and Molded Urethane Foams, ASTM D 3574

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

Figure 8c - Upward Force Static Disengagement Test for Storage Components

(Wall/fixture-mounted storage component shown)

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

8.3 Upward Force Static Disengagement Test for Storage Components (See Figure 8c)

8.3.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the ability of a storage component to resist accidental
disengagement that may occur as a result of forces exerted from beneath the component. This
test applies to storage components that extend beyond the footprint of the unit or are wall-hung,
weigh more than 5 kg (11 lb.) and have depths greater than 180 mm (7.1 in.). This test does not
apply to bookcase shelves and other recessed components where the unit’s design is such that
attached components would not likely be subjected to upward impacts. This test does not apply
to extendible elements.

8.3.2 Test Setup

The storage component shall be installed on a wall, storage unit or test fixture (See 3.2.1) per
manufacturer’s instructions. Freestanding storage units shall be leveled, and secured against
movement.

8.3.3 Test Procedure

An upward force of 489 N (110 lbf.) shall be applied to the unloaded component at one end in
line with the center of balance. Apply the specified load until either the load is attained or the
front edge of the component is displaced 50 mm (2 in.).

8.3.4 Acceptance Level

The component shall not become disengaged. No loss of serviceability shall result from
application of the force. If it is unclear if disengagement has occurred, apply the distributed
functional load per Table 1. The unit shall not become disengaged upon application of the load.

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

d c e
iii
FORCE
1372 mm
(54 in.) or 102
mm (4 in.) below
the top of the
unit, whichever is
lower

10°
REAR VIEW LEFT SIDE

203 mm (8 in.)
DIA. DISK
FORCE
a b f

10°

FRONT VIEW RIGHT SIDE

Figure 9a
Horizontal Force Stability Test for Tall Storage Units without Extendible Elements

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

9 Stability Tests

Notes: For the relevant stability tests in this section, if the extendible element chosen for loading
(the “worst case” element) is to be fully extended during testing, but does not have an out
stops device, determine the worst-case extendible element that does have an out stop
and complete the test using that extendible element.
For all stability tests, if manufacturer's instructions indicate the unit is to be secured to the
permanent building structure, other units, or otherwise restricted in their placement, the
test shall be performed with those securing means or placement restrictions in place
during the test.
Counterweights or other stability devices shall be used in accordance with manufacturer's
instructions.
User-activated stability devices should not be deployed.
Units are tested with doors closed unless specified otherwise or necessary to be opened
for opened extendible elements.
Stability tests are not applicable to units less than 450 mm (17.7 in.) in height.

9.1 Purpose of Tests

The purpose of these tests is to evaluate the stability of various types of units.

9.2 Horizontal Force Stability Test for Storage Units without Extendible Elements (See
Figure 9a)
This test applies to any unit that is higher than 762 mm (30 in.) with glides extended per 9.2.2.
Note: If manufacturer’s instructions indicate that the unit is to be placed against the wall, no
back or front horizontal force applications within this test are required.

9.2.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the stability of tall and/or stacked storage units.

9.2.2 Test Setup

The unloaded storage unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform and leveled or positioned in
accordance with manufacturer's instructions. If the storage unit is equipped with glides, extend
them to their midpoint but not to exceed 13 mm (0.5 in.) from the fully retracted position. Glides,
feet or casters shall be blocked with an obstruction or other restraining device 13 mm (0.5 in.) in
height affixed to the test platform. The device shall prevent sliding but not restrict the unit from
tipping. If equipped, casters shall be oriented in their least stable position. See Figure 9a. Place
an evenly distributed load of 105 kg/m2 (0.15 lbs/in2) in the lowest inside surface in the unit. The

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

load may be secured to prevent movement during the test. If so equipped, any doors in the
storage unit shall be closed during this test except during the C and D (Figure 9a) force
applications the doors shall be opened to a position of 90 degrees to the face of the unit. If the
doors interfere with the tipping of the unit, close the doors and rerun the test (see acceptance
level requirements).

9.2.3 Test Procedure

9.2.3.1 Apply the horizontal forces through the center of a disk that is 203 mm (8 in.) in diameter.
9.2.3.2 Gradually increase the force at the locations specified until 178 N (40 lbf.) is reached, or
the product tilts to 10°, whichever occurs first. (Angle measuring device must be
accurate to within ± 0.5°).
9.2.3.3 The forces shall be applied one at a time to the following locations in the order given
located 1372 mm (54 in.) from the floor or 102 mm (4 in.) down from the top edge,
whichever is lower. See Figure 9a for a description of the force locations:
a) Apply force to front of the product at its left side,
b) Apply force to front of the product at its right side,
c) Apply force to back of the product at its left side,
d) Apply force to back of the product at its right side,
e) Apply force to the left side of the product,
f) Apply force to the right side of the product.

9.2.4 Acceptance Level

The unit shall not tip over and there shall be no loss of serviceability. Components shall not
become totally separated from the storage unit. If the doors interfere with the unit tipping, the
unit must meet the 10-degree tilt requirement with the doors in their closed position (during the C
and D force applications).

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

44 N (10 LB) FORCE

EXTENDIBLE ELEMENT
WITH
THE LARGEST CLEAR
SPACE LOADED TO
470 kg/m3 (0.017 lb./in.3)
OF CLEAR SPACE.
LOADED

EXTENDIBLE ELEMENT WITH

THE SECOND LARGEST
CLEAR SPACE LOADED TO
140 kg/m3 (0.005 lb./in.3) OF
CLEAR SPACE.

LOADED

LOADED 13 mm (0.5
in.)

Figure 9b – Stability Test for Type l Units with Extendible Elements

9.3 Stability Test for Type l Units with at least one Extendible Element
(See Figure 9b and Table 3)

9.3.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the stability of Type l storage units with one or more
extendible element(s). Note: this test also applies to stackable units with extendible
components.

9.3.2 Test Setup

a) The storage unit shall be placed on a test platform and leveled or positioned in
accordance with manufacturer's instructions. If the storage unit is equipped with
glides, extend them to their midpoint but not to exceed 13 mm (0.5 in.) from the fully
retracted position. If equipped with casters, each front caster shall be blocked with an
obstruction or other restraining device 13 mm (0.5 in.) in height affixed to the test

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

platform. The device shall prevent sliding but not restrict the unit from tipping. Casters
shall be oriented in their least stable position. See Figure 9b.
b) Determine the extendible element (including video display support surfaces), which
when loaded per table 1 and fully extended, will provide the least stable condition.
Load the element with the functional load per Table 1. More than one load application
may be necessary to determine the least stable condition. If there is more than one
extendible element of equal size, load the extendible element at the highest position.
(Note: care should be taken when loading the extendible element during this step to
prevent the storage unit from tipping over).
c) Of the remaining extendible elements or storage components (excluding unit tops and
video display support surfaces) determine the one with the largest loading capacity and
load it with 140 kg/m3 (0.005 lb./in.3) of clear space. If the item to be loaded is an
extendible element, close it after loading. For this determination, the clear height shall
not exceed 305 mm (12 in.).. The extendible element or storage component should be
loaded so that there is minimal gap front to rear.
d) All remaining extendible elements and storage components shall remain closed and
not loaded.
e) Those doors that must be opened to allow access to the loaded extendible elements
shall remain fully opened during the test. Pocket doors shall be stowed.
f) Fully extend the loaded extendible element from Step (b).

9.3.3 Test Procedure

A force of 44 N (10 lbf.) shall be applied to the uppermost extendible element, at the center of the
pull area, in a horizontal outward direction parallel to the direction of extendible element travel. If
this extendible element is not the one Noted in 9.3.2 (b), it shall be restrained closed.

9.3.4 Acceptance Level

The storage unit shall not tip over.

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

LOADED

LOADED

EXAMPLE 5-HIGH UNIT WITH SIDE VIEW

LOADED UNLOADED UNLOADED LOADED

CLOSED
UNLOADED
EXAMPLE 2- OPEN CLOSED OPEN
CLOSED
HIGH UNIT UNLOADED
UNLOADED UNLOADED UNLOADED
WITH FRONT
CLOSED
VIEW
UNLOADED
CLOSED CLOSED CLOSED CLOSED

Figure 9c - Stability Test for Type l Storage Units with Multiple Extendible Elements

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

9.4 Stability Test for Type l Storage Units with Multiple Extendible Elements
(See Figure 9c and Table 3)

9.4.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the stability of Type l storage units (see Table 3)
with two or more extendible elements.
Note: this test applies to stackable units with extendible components.

9.4.2 Test Setup

a) The storage unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform and leveled. If the storage unit
is equipped with glides, extend them to their midpoint but not to exceed 13 mm (1/2 in.)
from the fully retracted position. If equipped with casters, each front caster shall be
blocked with an obstruction or other restraining device 13 mm (0.5 in.) in height affixed to
the test platform. The device shall prevent sliding but not restrict the unit from tipping.
Casters shall be oriented in their least stable position. See Figure 9b.
b) Determine the two extendible elements that, when loaded and opened, provide the least
stable condition. If the unit has extendible elements that open in opposite directions that
would counterbalance themselves upon opening, open the extendible element(s) on one
side of the unit only. (This may require evaluation of whether interlocked extendible
elements can be opened if they are activated simultaneously). Load these extendible
elements with the functional load specified per Table 1. More than one loading
configuration may be required to verify that the least stable condition has been evaluated.
Load shall be configured per Section 3.7.3 (Figure 3a or 3b) if extendible element has a
bottom. Load shall be configured per Section 3.7.4 (Figure 3c or 3d) if extendible element
does not have a bottom. For extendible elements functioning as a shelf the load shall be
evenly distributed front to back and left to right on the shelf surface.
c) All remaining extendible elements and storage components shall remain closed and not
loaded. Doors that must be opened to allow access to the loaded extendible elements
shall remain fully opened during the test. Pocket doors shall be stowed.

9.4.3 Test Procedure

Gradually open two loaded extendible elements simultaneously to the fullest extension
the unit will allow. If an interlock device prevents any two extendible elements from being
opened simultaneously, open the extendible element with the largest load.

9.4.4 Acceptance Level

The storage unit shall not tip over and the interlock system, if present, shall have no loss
of serviceability. If open extendible elements prevent the unit from tipping over due to
contact with the test platform, the unit does not meet the acceptance criteria.
Note: The use of devices such as casters on a bottom extendible element is an
acceptable method of preventing tipping.

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

LOADED

LOADED

Figure 9d - Stability Test for Type ll Storage Units with Extendible Elements

9.5 Stability Test for Type ll Storage Units with Extendible Elements
(See Figure 9d and Table 3)

9.5.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the stability of Type ll storage units. Stability tests
are not applicable to units less than 450 mm (17.7 in.) in height.

9.5.2 Test Setup

a) The storage unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform and leveled or positioned in
accordance with manufacturer's instructions. If the storage unit is equipped with glides,
extend them to their midpoint but not to exceed 13 mm (0.5 in.) from the fully retracted
position. If equipped with casters, each front caster shall be blocked with an obstruction
or other restraining device 13 mm (0.5 in.) in height affixed to the test platform. The
device shall prevent sliding but not restrict the unit from tipping. Casters shall be oriented
in their least stable position. See Figure 9d. Load shall be configured per Section 3.7.3
(Figure 3a) if extendible element has a bottom. Load shall be configured per Section
3.7.4 (Figure 3c) if extendible element does not have a bottom. For extendible elements
functioning as a shelf the load shall be evenly distributed front to back and left to right on
the shelf surface.
b) Load the extendible element that will cause the least stable condition with the functional
load requirement in Table 1.
Note: when there is more than one extendible element that can cause the equivalent
instability, load the extendible element at the highest position).
c) Of the remaining extendible element(s), load the largest uniformly to 140 kg/m3 (0.005
lb./in.3) of clear space.
d) All elements other than the one loaded in b) shall be closed and secured against opening.

9.5.3 Test Procedures

The extendible element loaded in 9.5.2 b) shall be fully extended

9.5.4 Acceptance Level

The unit shall not tip over. If open extendible elements prevent the unit from tipping over
due to contact with the test platform, the unit does not meet the acceptance criteria.

Note: The use of devices such as casters on a bottom extendible element is an acceptable
method of preventing tipping.

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STORAGE UNITS ANSI/BIFMA X5.9-2019

Neutral 191 mm
balance (7.5 in.)
point

22.7 kg
(50 lb.)
LOAD

PIVOT POINT

Figure 9e - Vertical Force Stability Test for Storage Units

9.6 Vertical Force Stability Test for Storage Units (See Figure 9e)

9.6.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the stability of storage units that are taller than 1067 mm
(42 in.) when subjected to a vertical force.

9.6.2 Test Setup

The unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform and leveled. The glides, feet, or casters shall
be blocked or otherwise prevented from moving along the surface. The blocks shall not restrict
the tilt of the product. If equipped with casters, each front caster shall be blocked with an
obstruction or other restraining device 13 mm (0.5 in.) in height affixed to the test platform. The
device shall prevent sliding but not restrict the unit from tipping. The casters shall be positioned in
their least stable position. If so equipped, any doors in the storage unit shall be opened 90
degrees to the face of the unit during this test. Pocket doors shall be extended and at 90
degrees to the face of the unit.

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9.6.3 Test Procedure

Suspend 22.7 kg (50 lb.) load on a vertical line 191 mm (7.5 in.) in front of the outermost edge of
the most forward protruding fixed shelf or top. The fixture used to apply the load shall be
neutrally balanced so that it does not affect the stability of the unit. (i.e, the center of gravity of the
fixture should be vertically aligned with the pivot point of the unit).

9.6.4 Acceptance Level

The unit shall not tip over.

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Back of unit

Front of unit

TOP VIEW

CENTERLINE 600 N
OF (135 lbf.)
PEDESTAL

60 mm (2.4 in.) FROM

EDGES OF THE LOAD
–BEARING SURFACE

20 N
(4.5 lbf.)

See Figure 9d for

typical worst case
caster orientation

Figure 9f – Stability Test for Pedestals/Storage Units with Seat Surfaces

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9.7 Stability Test for Pedestals/Storage Units with Seat Surfaces

9.7.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to determine the stability of pedestal/storage units that are also
equipped for use as seats (such as those with cushioned or contoured top surfaces). This test
only applies to units less than 965 mm (38 in.) in height as measured from the floor to the top of
the seating surface. Stability tests are not applicable to units less than 450 mm (17.7 in.) in
height.

9.7.2 Test Setup

a) The unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform and leveled. If the storage unit is
equipped with glides, extend them to their midpoint but not to exceed 13 mm (0.5 in.) from
the fully retracted position. All extendible elements and horizontal surfaces shall be
unloaded. All doors and extendible elements shall be closed.
b) If equipped with casters, each front caster shall be blocked with an obstruction or other
restraining device 13 mm (0.5 in.) in height affixed to the test platform. The device shall
prevent sliding but not restrict the unit from tipping. If equipped with casters, they shall be
positioned in their least stable position. Determine the centerline of the front, back and
one of the side edges. Place the center of a 203 mm (8 in.) diameter disk at a point 60
mm (2.4 in.) in from the edge of the seat structure at one of the positions determined
above. Appendix B, Figures B1 & B2 show examples of load application devices.

9.7.3 Test Procedure

a) Apply a vertical load of 600 N (135 lbf.), to the disk. (See Figure 9f)
b) Apply a horizontal force to the unit in the plane of the bottom of the disk in the direction
most likely to overturn the unit. The loads shall be applied at the centerline of the front
and back edges and centerline of one of the sides.
c) Gradually increase the force until 20N (4.5 lbf.) is attained.
d) Repeat steps a – c at each of the two remaining positions.

9.7.4 Acceptance Level

The unit shall not tip over as the result of the force application.

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DROP HEIGHT
PER TABLE 4 OR
BALANCE POINT

Figure 10 – Storage Unit Drop Test

Table 4
Drop Height for Storage Units
Unit Weight Drop Height
<45 kg (100 lb.) 180 mm (7.1 in.)
45- 90 kg (100 - 200 lb.) 120 mm (4.7 in.)
>90 – 136 kg (200 - 300 lbs.) 60 mm (2.4 in.)
> 136 kg (300 lbs.) n/a

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10 Storage Unit Drop Test (See Figure 10)

10.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to determine the ability of a storage unit to withstand an impact force
on the base of the unit. This test applies to storage units that are less than or equal to 1829 mm
(72 in.) in length. This test does not apply to Type ll Storage Units (see Table 3) or storage units
with casters.

10.2 Test setup

On units with adjustable features, set the adjustable features at the midpoint of adjustment.

10.3 Test procedure

b) Determine the weight of the unloaded unit to be tested.
c) The unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform and leveled. If the storage unit is
equipped with glides, extend them to their midpoint but not to exceed 13 mm (0.5 in.) from
the fully retracted position.
c) Raise one end of the long axis of the unloaded storage unit so that the bottom of the unit
(or glide if applicable) is above the test surface/platform to the height given in Table 4 or at
the balance point, whichever is lower.
d) The end of the storage unit being tested shall be released and allowed a free fall to the test
platform.
e) Repeat steps (c) and (d) for the other end of the storage unit.
f) Perform the pull force test in Section 20 on all extendible elements.

10.4 Acceptance Level

There shall be no loss of serviceability. The extendible elements shall meet the pull force test
requirements in Section 20.

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3.2 ± 0.5 mm
51 mm (0.125 in. ±
(2 in.) 0.020 in.)

MATERIAL: STEEL
8 mm
3.2 mm R ± 0.4 mm
(0.313 in.)
(0.125 in. ± 0.016 in.)
OBSTACLE DETAIL
TYPICAL ALL SIDES

CENTERLINE OF 90°
TRAVEL

OBSTACLE LAYOUT

CYCLING DEVICE
(Attach at any height.)

200-400 mm 200-400 mm
(8-15 in.) (8-15 in.)

STROKE LENGTH
762 ± 50 mm (30 ± 2 in.)

Figure 11 – Movement Durability Test for Mobile Storage Units

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Table 5 - Storage Unit Movement Cycle Test Parameters

Unloaded Unit Cycles over Cycles over flat
weight obstructions surface
Less than or equal to 2500 0
45 kg
(100 lbs.)
Greater than 45 kg 100 1000
(100 lbs.)

11 Movement Durability Test for Mobile Storage Units (See Figure 11)

11.1 Purpose of test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the ability of the mobile storage unit to withstand fatigue,
stress, and wear caused by movement.

11.2 Test setup

a) Attach the cycling device to the storage unit. Other than as described in h), the method
of attachment shall not support the unit during the test. The load applied by the
attachment device shall be removed from the amount of unit loading — See 11.2 d.
b) Mount two obstacles on the platform in accordance with the obstacle layout as shown
in Figure 11. The casters shall be free to rotate and swivel.
c) Load the unit with the distributed functional load per Table 1, with the exception of the
unit top and keyboard trays, which shall remain unloaded. Distributed loads shall be
evenly distributed front to back and left to right on shelves. Distributed loads shall be
configured as described in Section 3.7 for extendible elements. Loads shall be
restrained in place to prevent movement during testing.
d) A weight equal to that of the force of the cycling device attachment on the unit shall be
removed from the total weight in the unit.
e) Adjust the length of stroke to 762 ± 50 mm (30 ± 2 in.) and position the obstacles to
ensure that all casters travel over an obstacle twice for each cycle.
f) After changing direction at each end of the stroke, provide 203 mm to 381 mm (8 in. to
15 in.) of travel before encountering an obstacle. Only two casters will pass over an
obstacle at one time.
g) Set the cycling device to operate at a rate of 10 + 2, - 6 cycles per minute.
Consideration should be given to cycling heavily loaded units at a slower rate. One
cycle consists of a forward, then a backward stroke of the machine.
h) For units with caster and glide combinations, the legs/sections without casters may be
raised a maximum of 51 mm (2 in.) above the test surface/platform (supported by the
attachment device) during this test. The casters shall be free to rotate and swivel
where applicable.

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11.3 Test procedure

Cycle the storage unit over the obstacles for the specified number of cycles per Table 5. If
required, remove the obstacles and complete the number of cycles specified in Table 5.

11.4 Acceptance level

There shall be no loss of serviceability.

51 mm (2 in.)
FREE TRAVEL
RELEASE
POINT

FORCE
GAUGE
SPRING
TRAVEL

LOADED

Figure 12 – Extendible Element Rebound Test

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12 Extendible Element Rebound Test (See Figure 12)

12.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the operational characteristics of a loaded extendible
element to ensure that it will not bounce back out of the storage unit beyond the acceptance level
while being closed. This test does not apply to video display support surfaces or mechanisms.

12.2 Test Setup

a) The storage unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform and leveled. The storage
unit shall be affixed with obstruction(s) to prevent it from moving. Obstructions shall
not interfere with the operation of the extendible element(s) being tested.
b) The extendible element to be tested shall be loaded to the functional load requirements
in Table 1. Load per Section 3.7.4 (Figure 3c or 3d) if extendible element does not
have a bottom. Load per Section 3.7.3 (Figure 3a or 3b) if extendible element has a
bottom, whichever is worst case (or test to both if the worst case cannot be
determined).
c) A force gauge with a spring rate of 17.5 N per cm (10 lbf./in.) shall be positioned at the
center of the face of the extendible element 51 mm (2.0 in.) from its fully closed
position per Figure 12.

12.3 Test Procedure

a) Prior to performing test procedure, the extendible element shall be tested to and meet
the pull force requirements of Section 20.
b) The extendible element shall be opened to a force of 9.8 N per kg.
(1 lbf./pound) of extendible element load or 178 N (40 lbf.), whichever force is less.
c) Release the extendible element allowing the force applied by the force gauge to close
the extendible element. Record the “at rest” position of the extendible element after
rebound.
d) Reset the position of the load to meet the air gap requirements of Section 3.7.
e) Repeat Steps (b) through (d) for a total of 5 times.
f) Repeat Steps (b) through (e) for each remaining type and/or size of extendible
element.

12.4 Acceptance Level

There shall be no loss of serviceability. The rebound position of the extendible element shall not
exceed 38 mm (1.5 in.) from its closed position after each of the five closings.

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38 mm (1.5 in.)

LOAD

POSITION OF WEIGHT
WHEN EXTENDIBLE
WEIGHT MEMBER IS AT 80% OF
ITS TOTAL EXTENSION

WEIGHT

51 mm (2 in.)

LOADED

FULLY
EXTENDED WEIGHT
POSITION

Figure 13 – Extendible Element Retention Impact and Durability (Out Stop) Tests

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13 Extendible Element Retention Impact and Durability (Out Stop) Tests

(See Figure 13)

13.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the ability of extendible elements to withstand excessive
pullout forces. This test does not apply to elements with load capacity (per Table 1) of less than
7 kg (15.4 lb.) or to video display support surfaces/mechanisms.

13.2 Test Setup

a) The storage unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform and leveled. The storage
unit shall be affixed with obstruction(s) to prevent it from moving. Obstructions shall
not interfere with the operation of the extendible element (s) being tested.
b) The extendible element to be tested shall be loaded to the functional load requirements
in Table 1. Load per Section 3.7.4 (Figure 3c or 3d) if extendible element does not
have a bottom. Load per Section 3.7.3 (Figure 3a or 3b) if extendible element has a
bottom, whichever is worst case (or test to both if worst case cannot be determined).
For extendible elements functioning as a shelf the load shall be evenly distributed front
to back and left to right on the shelf surface.
c) A stranded metallic cable shall be attached to the most rigid point of the vertical
centerline of the extendible element. This may be accomplished by means of a clamp
or similar device that does not affect the test results.
d) The opposite end of the stranded metallic cable shall extend horizontally to a pulley
and then downward to an attached weight. Open the extendible element 38 mm (1.5
in.) and determine the minimum weight that will cause the extendible element to open
to full extension. Add 2.3 kg (5 lb.) of weight. This combined weight shall be used to
conduct the test. The weight shall be restrained after the extendible element reaches
80% of its total extension.

13.3 Test Procedure

a) Prior to performing test procedure, the extendible element shall meet the pull force
requirements of Section 20.
b) The extendible element with cable and hanging weight shall be held in a position 38
mm (1.5 in.) from closed and the extendible element shall be released, permitting the
extendible element to open rapidly, and allowing it to impact the out stops. Repeat this

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procedure for a total of 5 times without resetting the air gaps specified in the Loading
Guidelines (Section 3.7).
c) The extendible element shall then be moved to the fully extended position. The
distance traveled by the weight shall not be restrained.
d) Move the fully extended extendible element 51 mm (2 in.) toward the closed position
and then release it rapidly, allowing it to impact the out stop. The distance traveled by
the weight shall not be restrained. This procedure shall be repeated 15,000 cycles at a
rate of 14 ± 6 cycles per minute.
e) Upon completion of the cycles, perform the Pull Force Test in Section 20.
Note: When necessary to compensate for ball-bearing cage creep2 (ball-bearing slides
only) the extendible element should be reset throughout the test by fully opening and
closing the element throughout the test. This interval will depend on a number of
variables. The best indicator of the need to reset is increasing pull forces (typically
when forces exceed 267 N [60 lbf.]) or decreasing extendible element travel (typically
greater than 13 mm [0.5 in.]). The resetting interval shall not be less than 500 cycles.
f) Repeat the test as necessary for each element per Section 3.1.5.

13.4 Acceptance Level

After performing the test the extendible element shall meet the pull force requirements of Section
20. There shall be no loss of serviceability.

2 Ball-bearing cage creep is a phenomenon, which occurs, in ball-bearing or cross-roller bearing slides. In such
slides, there are two parallel cages containing ball bearings and during the slide’s travel the cages may begin to lose
alignment with each other. This “cage creep”, or “cage migration” could increase the friction during travel which may
shorten the expected travel distance for the slide. This shortened travel manifests itself at either end of the slide’s
travel. The travel can typically be “reset” to its original condition by applying a force (or slight impact) to the slide at
its apparent stop. This force, which may be as high as 50-60 lbf., should not to be confused with the slide opening
force and should not be included in the pull force measurement (Section 20 – Pull Force Test). Most users will not
notice a relatively small amount (approx. one-half inch) of creep in the slides and will simply perceive the shortened
travel as the “stop” in the slide’s motion. Many slides will experience “reset” of their travel as the result of normal
excessive force openings/closings of the extendible element or receding door during its normal use, or if the travel
becomes severely limited such that access is diminished, users will naturally give the extendible element or receding
door an additional pull (or slight slam open or closed) to remedy the condition. Creep is considered a normal
condition in these slides and unless excessive, will not affect the product’s overall function or durability.

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TOP VIEW SIDE VIEW

30°
LOADED

LOADED

LOADED

Figure 14a - Force Test for Extendible Element Locks

14 Lock Tests

14.1 Purpose of Tests

The purpose of these tests is to evaluate the ability of locks to function.

14.2 Force Test for Extendible Element Locks (See Figure 14a)

14.2.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of these tests is to evaluate the ability of locking mechanism, if present, to provide a
nominal amount of security for the contents.

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14.2.2 Test Setup

a) The unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform, leveled and secured to prevent
it from moving. The method of securing shall not interfere with the operation of the
extendible element(s) being tested.
b) Close and lock all extendible elements.
c) Depending on the pull configuration, setup test to apply force to the pull as follows:
Center Pull - Center of the pull area.
Wide Pull (Wide pulls are > 33% of the width of the extendible element front and
greater than 457 mm [18 in.] in width).
Three areas (one at a time):
i) Center of the pull area.
ii) At a distance from the right hand side of the extendible element equal to one-sixth
of the extendible element width ± 6 mm (0.25 in.) or the right hand side of the pull,
whichever is a greater distance from the edge of the extendible element.
iii) At a distance from the left hand side of the extendible element equal to one-sixth
of the extendible element width ± 6 mm (0.25 in.) or the left hand side of the pull,
whichever is a greater distance from the edge of the extendible element.
Single Side Pull - Center of the pull area.
Dual Side Pulls - Center of the right hand pull and then the center of the left hand pull.

14.2.3 Test Procedure

a) A horizontal outward force of 222 N (50 lbf.) shall be applied once at each of the
applicable locations indicated in the test setup.
Note: If the extendible element pull design does not allow a user to apply an
outward force, step (a) does not apply.
b) An outward and upward force (30° from horizontal) of 222 N (50 lbf.) shall be
applied once at each of the applicable locations indicated in the test setup.
Note: If the extendible element pull design does not allow a user to apply an
outward and upward force, step (b) does not apply.
c) Repeat steps (a) and (b) for each extendible element.
d) Unlock the extendible elements.
e) All extendible elements in the unit shall be uniformly loaded with the functional
load per Table 1. Any uniform loading configurations in Section 3.7 (Figure 3a to
3d) are acceptable.
f) The loaded extendible elements shall be closed and locked.
g) Repeat procedure (a) through (c).

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14.2.4 Acceptance Level

The extendible elements shall remain in the normal locked position during application of the
forces. There shall be no loss of serviceability of the locking mechanism.

Example with Hinged Door

Example with Sliding Door

Figure 14b - Force Test for Door Locks

14.3 Force Test for Door Locks (See Figure 14b)

14.3.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the ability of locking mechanism, if present, to provide a
nominal amount of security for the contents.

14.3.2 Test Setup

a) The unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform and leveled. The unit shall be
secured to prevent it from moving. The method of securing shall not interfere with the
operation of the doors being tested.
b) Apply functional distributed loads to all surfaces and extendible elements, if present,
per Table 1.
c) Close and lock all doors.

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d) Set up the test to apply forces to the center of the door's pull area. Note: If the door’s
pull design does not allow a user to apply an outward force, this test does not apply.

14.3.3 Test Procedure

a) Apply a force of 222 N (50 lbf.) in the direction of initial door travel.
b) Repeat step a) for each door.
c) Unlock the doors and determine serviceability of the locking mechanism.
d) Remove all loads and repeat step a), b) and c).

14.3.4 Acceptance Level

The doors shall remain in the normal locked position during application of the forces. There shall
be no loss of serviceability of the locking mechanism.

Figure 14c - Locking Mechanism Cycle Test

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14.4 Locking Mechanism Cycle Test (See Figure 14c)

14.4.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate durability of the locking mechanism(s).

14.4.2 Test Setup

a) The unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform and leveled. The unit shall be
secured against movement. Unit is unloaded for this test.
b) For keyed locks, insert the key into the lock and attach a cycling device to the head of
the key. For keyless locks, attach a cycling device to the keypad or unlocking
mechanism. If the design of the locking mechanism requires activation of the
extendible element to fully evaluate the mechanism, the element may be
opened/closed accordingly during the test (this may be done independent of the key
cycling).
c) Set the cycling device to operate at 14 ± 6 cycles per minute.

14.4.3 Test Procedure

a) With the door or extendible element in its closed position, cycle the locking mechanism
through its full range of motion for 5000 cycles. Each cycle shall consist of a complete
locking and unlocking of the mechanism. For keyed systems, the key does not need to
be removed from the lock mechanism. For keyless systems, the cycle may require two
activations of the keypad – one to lock and one to unlock.
b) Repeat the test on each type of locking mechanism per Section 3.1.4.

14.4.4 Acceptance Level

There shall be no loss of serviceability of the locking mechanism.

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LOADED

Figure 15 - Extendible Element Cycle Test

15 Extendible Element Cycle Tests (See Figure 15)

These tests also apply to extendible elements designed specifically to support video
display units.
These tests do not apply to extendible elements with load capacity (per Table 1) of less
than 7 kg (15.4 lb.) and without mechanical suspensions (slides).
Note - Monitor arms are covered in ANSI/BIFMA X5.5 Desk/Table Products.

15.1 Purpose of Tests

The purpose of these tests is to ensure that the extendible element (including suspension
system, interlock, in-stop/anti-rebound, detent mechanisms, etc.) is durable and capable of
supporting typical loads while it is being opened and closed.

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15.2. Cycle Test for Extendible Elements Deeper Than Wide

Note: This test also applies to extendible elements with equal width and depth
dimensions.

15.2.1 Test Setup

a) The storage unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform, leveled, and secured
against movement.
b) Prior to performing this test procedure, the extendible element, if equipped with an
interlock device, shall meet the interlock test requirements of Section 16.
c) The largest extendible element of each construction/mounting type shall be tested. The
extendible element being tested shall be uniformly loaded to the functional load per
Table 1. Load shall be configured per Section 3.7. For extendible elements
functioning as a shelf the load shall be evenly distributed front to back and left to right
on the shelf surface.
d) Prior to performing test procedure, the extendible element shall be tested to and meet
the pull force requirements of Section 20.
e) The cycling device shall be connected to the center of the extendible member’s pull. If
equipped with side pulls, the cycling device shall be connected to the center of either
pull.
f) The cycling device shall be set to cause the extendible element to travel within 0 to 6
mm (0 to 0.25 in.) of the closed position to 0 to 6 mm (0 to 0.25 in.) of the fully
extended position and return (This shall constitute one cycle.). The cycling device
shall not support or add vertical or horizontal loads to the suspensions. (See Figure
15).
g) The cycling device shall be operated at a rate of 12 ± 4 cycles per minute.

15.2.2 Test Procedure

a) The extendible element shall be subjected to 50,000 cycles per Table 1. The
suspensions shall not be cleaned or lubricated during the test.
Note: When necessary to compensate for ball-bearing cage creep (ball-bearing slides
only - see Section 13.3 Footnote 2) the extendible element should be reset throughout
the test by fully opening and closing the element throughout the test. This interval will
depend on a number of variables. The best indicator of the need to reset is increasing
pull forces (typically when forces exceed 267 N [60 lbf.]) or decreasing extendible
element travel (typically greater than 13 mm [0.5 in.]). The resetting interval shall not
be less than 500 cycles.
b) Upon completion of the cycling, perform the pull force requirements of Section 20.
c) If the extendible element is equipped with an interlock device, perform the interlock test
in Section 17.

15.2.3 Acceptance Level

There shall be no loss of serviceability. Before and after the cycle test, the extendible element(s)
shall meet the pull force requirements of Section 20. After the cycle test, the extendible
elements, if applicable shall meet the interlock test requirements of Section 16.

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15.3 Cycle Test for Extendible Elements Wider Than Deep

15.3.1 Test Setup

a) The storage unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform, leveled, and secured
against movement.
b) Prior to performing test procedure, the extendible element(s), if equipped with an
interlock device, shall meet the interlock test requirements of Section 16.
c) The largest extendible element of each construction/mounting type shall be tested.
The extendible element being tested shall be uniformly loaded to the functional load
per Table 1. Load shall be configured per Section 3.7. For extendible elements
functioning as a shelf the load shall be evenly distributed front to back and left to right
on the shelf surface.
d) Prior to performing test procedure, the extendible element shall be tested to and
meet the pull force requirements of Section 20.
e) The cycling device shall be connected to the extendible element pull as follows and
per Table 6:
Single Pull (Center or Side Pull) - Single pulls are ≤ 33% of extendible element
width. The cycling device shall be connected to the center of the extendible element
pull area.
Wide Pull - Wide pulls are > 33% of extendible element front and greater than 457
mm [18 in.] in width). The cycling device shall be connected to the following three
areas (one at a time):
i) Center of the pull area.
ii) At a distance from the right hand side of the extendible element equal to one-
sixth of the extendible element width ± 6 mm (0.25 in.) or the right hand side of
the pull, whichever is a greater distance from the edge of the extendible
element.
iii) At a distance from the left hand side of the extendible element equal to one-sixth
of the extendible element width ± 6 mm (0.25 in.) or the left hand side of the pull,
whichever is a greater distance from the edge of the extendible element.
Multiple Pulls - The cycling device shall be connected to the center of the right hand
pull and then the center of the left hand pull.

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f) The cycling device shall be set to cause the extendible element to travel within 0 to 6
mm (0 to 0.25 in.) of the closed position to 0 to 6 mm (0 to 0.25 in.) of the fully
extended position and return.
g) The cycling device shall not support or add vertical or horizontal loads to the
suspensions. (See Figure 15)
h) The cycling device shall be operated at a rate of 12 ± 4 cycles per minute.

15.3.2 Test Procedure

a) The extendible element shall be subjected to cycling as defined in Setup Section
15.3.1 and Table 6.
b) The suspensions shall not be cleaned or lubricated during the test.
Note: When necessary to compensate for ball-bearing cage creep (ball-bearing
slides only - see Section 13.3 Footnote 2) the extendible element should be reset
throughout the test by fully opening and closing the element throughout the test. This
interval will depend on a number of variables. The best indicator of the need to reset
is increasing pull forces (typically when forces exceed 267 N [60 lbf.]) or decreasing
extendible element travel (typically greater than 13 mm [0.5 in.]). The resetting
interval shall not be less than 500 cycles.
c) Upon completion of the cycles, perform the Pull Force Test in Section 20.
d) If the extendible element is equipped with an interlock device, perform the interlock
test in on Section 16.

Table 6 - Cycle Test for Extendible Elements Wider Than Deep

Pull Type Cycles per Location
single narrow pull ≤ 33% extendible 50,000 cycles at center of pull.
element width or ≤ 457 (18 in.) in width
(center pulls and single side pulls)
single wide pull > 33% extendible element 30,000 cycles at center of pull
width and greater than 457 mm (18 in.) in 10,000 cycles at RH position (See test
width (wide width pulls) setup)
10,000 cycles at LH position (See test setup)
multiple pulls greater than 457 mm (18 in.) 25,000 cycles at center of RH pull
in width 25,000 cycles at center of LH pull
Multiple pulls less than or equal to 457 mm 50,000 cycles at center of the pull closest to
(18 in.) in width center of the unit

15.3.3 Acceptance Level

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There shall be no loss of serviceability. Before and after the cycle test, the extendible element(s)
shall meet the pull force requirements of Section 20. After the cycle test, the extendible
elements, if applicable shall meet the interlock test requirements of Section 16.

15.4 Cycle Test for Low Height Drawers

15.4.1 Test Setup

a) The unit shall be installed on a panel or test fixture (See 3.4.3) per manufacturer’s
instructions. The system shall be leveled and secured against movement.
b) The low height drawer shall be uniformly loaded with 2.3 kg (5 lb.) of weight.
c) The low height drawer shall be tested to and meet the pull force requirements of Section
20.
d) The cycling device shall be connected to the center of the low height drawer’s pull.
e) The cycling device shall be set to cause the low height drawer to travel within 0 to 6 mm
(0 to 0.25 in.) of the closed position to 0 to 6 mm (0 to 0.25 in.) of the fully extended
position and return. The cycling device shall not support or add vertical or horizontal side
loads to the suspensions.
f) The cycling device shall be operated at a rate of 12 ± 4 cycles per minute.

15.4.2 Test Procedure

a) The low height drawer shall be subjected to 10,000 cycles. The suspensions shall not be
cleaned or lubricated during the test. When necessary, the low height drawer may be
reset by fully opening and closing the drawer at intervals of not less than 500 cycles
throughout the test.
b) Upon completion of the test perform the Pull Force Test in Section 20.

15.4.3 Acceptance Level

There shall be no loss of serviceability to the unit. After the cycle test, the low height drawer
shall meet the pull force requirements of Section 20.

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TOP MAY BE
RESTRAINED IF
NECESSARY

133 N (30 LB) FORCE

HEIGHT OF OBSTRUCTIONS
≤ RADIUS OF CASTERS

Figure 16 - Interlock Strength Test

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16 Interlock Strength Test (See Figure 16)

16.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the ability of the interlock system to withstand horizontal
forces that may be applied to defeat the interlock (if present).
Note: This test may be conducted in conjunction with the Extendible Element Cycle Test
(Section 15).

16.2 Test Setup

a) The unloaded storage unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform, leveled, and
secured against movement in any direction.

16.3 Test Procedure

a) An extendible element shall be fully extended, and a horizontal force of 133 N (30 lbf.)
shall be individually applied to the center of the pull area(s) of the remaining extendible
elements, one at a time.
b) Repeat Step (a) until all possible combinations of extendible elements have been
tested.
c) Load extendible elements with the functional load per Table 1.
d) Repeat Step (a & b) until all possible combinations of extendible elements have been
tested.

16.4 Acceptance Level

There shall be no loss of serviceability to the interlock system. The unopened extendible
elements shall not bypass the interlock system.

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17 Door Tests

The following table provides a guide for the appropriate test by door type.

17.1 Purpose of Tests

The purpose of these tests is to evaluate the performance of storage unit doors.

Table 7 - Door Test Applicability

Door Type/Test Strength Cycling Slam Tests Lock Latch Pull

Test wear & Tests Test Test
fatigue
Vertically Hinged 17.2 & 17.3 17.6 17.10 14.3 & 14.4 19 20
Doors and Multi-
fold Doors
Horizontally n/a for top 17.6 17.11 14.3 & 14.4 19 20
Hinged Doors hinged doors. & n/a for
Bottom 17.9 bottom
hinged doors hinged
that are doors
subject to
loading shall
be tested per
Section 4
Vertical Receding 17.2, 17.3 & 17.6,17.7 17.10 14.3 & 14.4 19 20
Doors 17.4 & 17.9
Horizontal 17.5 17.6, 17.11 14.3 & 14.4 19 20
Receding Doors 17.8 &
17.9
Horizontally n/a 17.6 17.12 or 14.3 & 14.4 19 20
Sliding/ Roll Front 17.13 (as
applicable)
Tambour n/a 17.6 17.12 or 14.3 & 14.4 19 20
17.13 (as
applicable)

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100 mm
(4 in.)

WEIGHT

Figure 17a
Strength Test for Vertically Hinged Doors, Bi-fold Doors, and Vertically Receding Doors

17.2 Strength Test for Vertically Hinged Doors, Bi-fold Doors and Vertically Receding
Doors (See Figure 17a)
Note: this test does not apply to multi-fold (accordion) doors.
17.2.1 Purpose of Test
The purpose of this test is to determine the ability of doors to withstand excessive vertical loads.
17.2.2 Test Setup
a) The unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform, leveled, and secured against
movement.
b) Attach the specified load per the Table 8 so that its weight is equally distributed on
both sides of the door and so that its center of gravity acts 100 mm (4 in.) from the
edge of the door opposite the hinge.

Table 8 - Door Height vs. Load

Door height Load
Less than 46 cm (18 in.) 10 kg (22 lb.)
46 cm (18 in.) and greater 20 kg (44 lb.)

Receding doors should be tested in the fully extended position. For bi-fold doors,
attach the load so that the weight is applied to the section of the door farthest from the
point where the hinge(s) is (are) attached to the frame in a manner that does not affect
the operation of the door.

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17.2.3 Test Procedure

Cycle the door 10 times from a position 45 degrees from fully closed to a position 10 degrees
from fully open (but not more than 135 degrees) and return. For bi-fold doors, cycle the door
from a position 50 mm (2 in.) from fully closed to a position 50 mm (2 in.) from fully open and
return.
17.2.4 Acceptance Level
There shall be no loss of serviceability to the unit.

100 mm (4 in.)

h/2 h

FORCE = 60 N
(13.5 lbf.)

Figure 17b - Hinge Override Test for Vertically Hinged Doors

17.3 Hinge Override Test for Vertically Hinged Doors (See Figure 17b)

17.3.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to determine the ability of a vertically hinged door to resist forces that
override the limit of the motion allowed by the hinge.

17.3.2 Test Setup

The unit shall be placed on a test platform, leveled, and secured against movement.

17.3.3 Test Procedure

Apply a 60 N (13.5 lbf.) horizontal force perpendicular to the plane of the door on its horizontal
centerline 100 mm (4 in.) from the edge farthest from the hinge, as shown in Figure 17b.

17.3.4 Acceptance Level

There shall be no loss of serviceability to the storage unit or its components.

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DOOR SETBACK FROM

FIRST POINT OF
ROTATION NECESSARY
TO RESIST 80 N (18lbf.)

100 mm
(4 in.)

h/2 h

FORCE = 80 N
(18 lbf.)

Figure 17c – Vertical Receding Doors Strength Test

17.4 Vertical Receding Doors Strength Test (See Figure 17c)

17.4.1 Purpose of Test
The purpose of this test is to determine the ability of a vertical receding door to resist forces that
override the pocket.
17.4.2 Test Setup
a) The unit shall be placed on a test platform, leveled, and secured against movement.
b) Move the door from its stowed position to the first point at which the door will rotate freely
towards its closed position.
c) Place the receding door in a position rearward from this point until the door will resist an
80N (18 lbf.) force without closing.
17.4.3 Test Procedure
a) Apply the 80 N (18 lbf.) horizontal force perpendicular to the plane of the door on its
horizontal centerline 100 mm (4 in.) from the edge farthest from the hinge, as shown in
Figure 17c.
b) Apply the force 10 times.
c) Repeat the test with the force application to the opposite side of the door.

17.4.4 Acceptance Level

There shall be no loss of serviceability to the storage unit or its components.

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APPLY LOAD
25 mm (1 in.)
FROM EDGE
80 N (18 lbf.)

POSITION
DOOR
SETBACK
FROM FIRST
POINT OF
ROTATION TO
RESIST 80N
(18 lbf.)

Figure 17d – Horizontal Receding Doors Strength Test

17.5 Horizontal Receding Doors Strength Test (See Figure 17d)

17.5.1 Purpose of Test
The purpose of this test is to determine the ability of a horizontal receding door to resist forces
that override the pocket.
17.5.2 Test Setup
a) The unit shall be placed on a test platform, leveled, and secured against movement.
b) Move the door from its stowed position to the first point at which the door will rotate
freely towards its closed (vertical) position. Place the receding door in a position
rearward from this point until the door will resist an 80N (18 lbf.) force without closing.
17.5.3 Test Procedure
a) Apply the 80 N (18 lbf.) downward force perpendicular to the plane of the door on its
horizontal centerline 25 mm (1 in.) from the edge farthest from the hinge, as shown in
Figure 17d.
b) Apply the force 10 times.
17.5.4 Acceptance Level
There shall be no loss of serviceability to the storage unit or its components.

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10°

MAX. SWING
ANGLE = 90°

10°

SIDE VIEW

Figure 17e - Wear and Fatigue Tests for Hinged, Horizontally Sliding and Tambour Doors

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TOP VIEW
VERTICALLY
HINGED DOOR

10° FROM FULLY

10° FROM CLOSED POSITION
FULLY OPEN
POSITION
MAX. SWING
ANGLE = 90°

FRONT VIEW
HORIZONTALLY
SLIDING DOOR

6 mm (0.25 in.) OF FULLY OPEN

6 mm (0.25 in.) OF FULLY CLOSED

Figure 17e - Wear and Fatigue Tests for Hinged, Horizontally Sliding and Tambour Doors
(cont.)

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w/6

Example - Pull is
HINGES perpendicular to
PULL
hinges – Cyclic
device is located at
w/6 (see NOTE in
17.6.2.3)

Figure 17e - Wear and Fatigue Tests for Hinged, Horizontally Sliding and Tambour Doors
(cont.)

17.6 Wear and Fatigue Tests for Hinged, Horizontally Sliding and Tambour Doors
(See Figure 17e)

17.6.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the resistance of hinged, horizontally sliding and tambour
doors to wear and fatigue. Horizontally receding doors shall also be tested per Section 17.8.

17.6.2 Test Setup

17.6.2.1 The unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform, leveled, and secured against
movement.
17.6.2.2 Latches may be disabled if not tested in conjunction with the Door Latch Test (Section
19). Doors that have the ability to retract may have this feature disabled during the
test.

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17.6.2.3 The cycling device shall be connected to the door pull as follows:
Center Pull - Center of the pull area.
Wide Pull for Horizontally Sliding Doors - (Wide pulls are > 33% of the width of the
door front and greater than 457 mm [18 in.] in width) Three areas (one at a time):
• Center of the pull area.
• At a distance from the right hand side of the door equal to one-sixth of the door
width ± 6 mm (0.25 in.) or the right hand side of the pull, whichever is a greater
distance from the edge.
• At a distance from the left hand side of the door equal to one-sixth of the door
width ± 6 mm (0.25 in.) or the left hand side of the pull, whichever is a greater
distance from the edge.
Wide Pull for Hinged or Tambour Doors - (Wide pulls are > 33% of the width of the
door front and greater than 457 mm [18 in.] in width) Two areas (one at a time):
• Center of the pull area.
• At a distance from the right hand or left hand side of the door (whichever is worst
case) equal to one-sixth of the door width ± 6 mm (0.25 in.) or the right or left hand
(whichever is worst case) side of the pull, whichever is a greater distance from the
edge.

Note: If the wide pull is on the edge of the door that is perpendicular to the hinge
system, attach the cycling device one-sixth of the door width ± 6 mm (0.25 in.) from the
unsupported edge opposite the hinge and cycle in only this one location as a single
pull. If a wide pull is available on both edges of the door that are perpendicular to the
hinge system, perform all cycles from the worst attachment location. (See Figure 17e).

Single Side Pull - Center of the pull area.

Dual Side Pulls - Center of the right hand pull and then the center of the left hand pull.
a) Cycle the door from a position 10 degrees from fully closed to a position 10 degrees
from fully open and return, not to exceed a maximum swing angle of 90 degrees.
b) For doors that open and close along a track (such as bi-fold or multi-fold doors)
cycle the door from within 6 mm (0.25 in.) of fully closed to within 6 mm (0.25 in.) of
fully open and return.

17.6.2.4 The cycling device shall not be used to support or add to the weight of the door during
the test.

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Table 9 - Wear and Fatigue Tests for Doors

Pull Type Cycles @ Location

center pulls ≤ 33% door width or ≤ 20,000 cycles at center of pull

457 mm (18 in.) in width (center
pulls and single side pulls)

10,000 cycles at center of pull

wide pulls for horizontally sliding and 5,000 cycles at one end of the pull (see
receding doors > 33% of door width test setup)
and greater than 457 mm [18 in.] in 5,000 cycles at the opposite end of the pull
width (see test setup)

15,000 cycles at center of pull

wide pulls for hinged and tambour 5,000 cycles at one end of the pull (see
doors > 33% of door width and test setup)
greater than 457 mm [18 in.] in width

dual pulls on doors greater or equal 10,000 cycles at center of one pull
to 457 mm (18 in.) in width 10,000 cycles at center of the other pull
dual pulls on doors less than 457 20,000 cycles at center of either pull
mm (18 in.) in width

17.6.3 Test Procedure

Cycle the door for a total of 20,000 cycles as specified in Table 9. The cyclic rate shall be 12 ± 4
cycles per minute unless the rate is controlled by the door operating mechanisms (pneumatic
dampers, etc). If that is the case, the rate shall not exceed the natural rate established by the
movement of the mechanism.

17.6.4 Acceptance Level

There shall be no loss of serviceability to the storage unit or its components.

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Figure 17f - Wear and Fatigue Test for Vertical Receding Door

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17.7 Wear and Fatigue Test for Vertical Receding Door (See Figure 17f)

17.7.1 Purpose
The purpose of this test is to evaluate the resistance of vertical receding doors to wear and
fatigue.

17.7.2 Test Setup

a) The unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform, leveled, and secured against
movement.
b) The cycling device shall be connected to the leading edge of the door at the center of
the pull area. If the unit to be tested has two or more identical doors, only one of them
needs to be tested.
c) If not testing in conjunction with the Door Latch Test (Section 19), latches may be
disabled.
d) Adjust the cycling device to cause the door to travel between 0 to 6 mm (0 to 0.25 in.)
of its fully extended and retracted positions.
e) The cycling device shall not be used to support or add to the weight of the door during
the test.
f) The cycling device shall be set to operate at 12 ± 4 cycles per minute.

17.7.3 Test Procedure

a) Prior to performing test procedure, the door shall be tested to and meet the pull force
requirements of Section 20.
b) Cycle the door for a total of 10,000 cycles.
c) The suspensions shall not be cleaned or lubricated during the test.

Note: When necessary to compensate for ball-bearing cage creep (ball-bearing slides only –
see Section 13.3 footnote 2) the door should be reset throughout the test by fully
opening and closing the door throughout the test. This interval will depend on a
number of variables. The best indicator of the need to reset is increasing pull forces
(typically when forces exceed 267 N [60 lbf.]) or decreasing door travel (typically
greater than 13 mm [0.5 in.]). The resetting interval shall not be less than 500 cycles.

17.7.4 Acceptance Level

After the cycle test, the door shall meet the pull force requirements of Section 20. The door shall
have no loss of serviceability.

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Figure 17g - Wear and Fatigue Test for Horizontal Receding Door

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17.8 Wear and Fatigue Test for Horizontal Receding Door (See Figure 17g)

17.8.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the resistance of horizontal receding doors to wear and
fatigue.

17.8.2 Test Setup

17.8.2.1 The unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform, leveled, and secured against
movement.
17.8.2.2 The cycling device shall be connected to the receding door pull as follows:
Center Pull - Center of the pull area.
Wide Pull for Horizontally Receding Door - (Wide pulls are > 33% of the width of the
receding door front and greater than 457 mm [18 in.] in width) Three areas (one at a
time):
a) Center of pull area
b) At a distance from the right hand side of the receding door equal to one-sixth of the
receding door width ± 6 mm (0.25 in.) or the right hand side of the pull, whichever is a
greater distance from the edge.
c) At a distance from the left hand side of the receding door equal to one-sixth of the
receding door width ± 6 mm (0.25 in.) or the left hand side of the pull, whichever is a
greater distance from the edge.
Single Side Pull - Center of the pull area.
Dual Side Pulls - Center of the right hand pull and then the center of the left hand pull.
17.8.2.3 If not testing in conjunction with the Door Latch Test (Section 19), latches may be
disabled.
17.8.2.4 The door may be supported in a horizontal plane during the pull force measurement
test.
17.8.2.5 Adjust the cycling device to cause the door to travel between 0 to 6 mm (0 to 0.25 in.) of
its fully extended and retracted positions.
17.8.2.6 The cycling device shall be used to support the door in a horizontal plane during the
test.
17.8.2.7 The cycling device shall be set to operate at 12 ± 4 cycles per minute.

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17.8.3 Test Procedure

a) The door shall be cycled according to the requirements of Table 9.
b) The suspensions shall not be cleaned or lubricated during the test.
Note: When necessary to compensate for ball-bearing cage creep (ball-bearing slides only
see Section 13.3 footnote 2) the door should be reset throughout the test by fully
opening and closing the door throughout the test. This interval will depend on a
number of variables. The best indicator of the need to reset is increasing pull forces
(typically when forces exceed 267 N [60 lbf.]) or decreasing door travel (typically
greater than 13 mm [0.5 in.]). The resetting interval shall not be less than 500
cycles.

17.8.4 Acceptance Level

After the cycle test, the door shall meet the pull force requirements of Section 20. (The door may
be supported in a horizontal plane during the pull force test.) The door shall have no loss of
serviceability.

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38 mm (1.5 in.)

WEIGHT
(Per 18.9.2e)

80% OF
FULL TRAVEL

Figure 17h – Out stop Test – Cyclic Impact

FULLY
EXTENDED
POSITION
51 mm (2 in.)

WEIGHT

Figure 17i – Out stop Test – Cyclic Durability

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17.9 Vertical and Horizontal Receding Door Out Stop Test – Cyclic Impact & Durability
(See Figures 17h and 17i)

17.9.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the ability of vertically or horizontally hinged receding
doors to withstand excessive pullout forces.

17.9.2 Test Setup

a) The unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform, leveled, and secured to prevent it
from moving. The method of securing shall not interfere with the operation of the
door(s) being tested.
b) A stranded metallic cable shall be attached at the center of the door or door-pull. This
may be accomplished by means of a clamp or similar device that does not affect the
test results.
c) For a horizontally hinged door, the door shall be supported in a horizontal plane during
the test. The method of support shall not impede the horizontal travel of the door.
d) For a horizontally hinged door the measurement shall be taken with the horizontal
support device in place. Determine the pull force per Section 20.
e) The opposite end of the stranded metallic cable shall extend horizontally to a pulley
and then downward to an attached weight. Open the door 38 mm (1.5 in.) from its
stowed position. Add to the pull force determined in d) 1 kg (2.2 lb.) to the weight on
the cable. This combined weight shall be used to conduct the test. The weight shall be
restrained after the door reaches 80% of its total extension.

17.9.3 Test Procedure – Cyclic Impact Test

The door with stranded metallic cable and hanging weight shall be held 38 mm (1.5 in.) from the
stowed position and then released, permitting it to open rapidly (ensuring the weight is restrained
according to 17.9.2.e) and impact the out stops. See Figure 17h. Repeat this procedure for a
total of 5 times.

17.9.4 Test Procedure -- Cyclic Durability Test

a) Remove the load restraint such that the door will travel to full extension. (See Figure
17i).
b) A device shall be used to move the door 51 mm (2 in.) toward the stowed position and
then to release it rapidly, allowing it to impact the out stop. This procedure shall be
repeated 5000 cycles at a rate of 10 ± 2 cycles per minute.
c) Upon completion of the cycles, perform the Pull Force Test in Section 20.

17.9.5 Acceptance Level

There shall be no loss of serviceability. Before and after performing the Out Stop Tests, the door
shall meet the pull force requirements of Section 20.

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PULLEY

300 MM (12 IN.) OR 30°

WHICHEVER IS LESS

TOP VIEW

Figure 17j - Slam Closed Test for Vertically Hinged and Vertically Receding Doors

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17.10 Slam Closed Test for Vertically Hinged and Vertically Receding Doors
(See Figure 17j)

17.10.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the ability of the door to withstand forceful (slam) closures.

17.10.2 Test Setup

a) The storage unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform and leveled. The storage
unit shall be affixed with obstruction(s) to prevent it from moving. Obstructions shall
not interfere with the operation of the door being tested. Doors that have the ability to
retract may have this feature disabled during the test.
b) Load door shelves according to Table 1.
c) A cable shall be attached to the middle of the door’s edge opposite the hinge.
Attachment point shall be as near to the door edge as possible without interfering with
the door closure. This may be accomplished by means of a clamp or similar device that
does not affect the test results.
d) The opposite end of the stranded metallic cable shall extend horizontally to a pulley
similar to that shown in Figure 17j. Open the door 30 degrees and then determine the
load that must be applied to the cable assembly to cause the door to close.
e) Open the door through a distance of 300 mm (12 in.) or 30 degrees, whichever is less.
Add 2 kg (4.5 lb.) to the load determined in d). This combined load shall be used to
conduct the test. The load shall be restrained after the door reaches a point 10 mm
(0.4 in.) from closure.
17.10.3 Test Procedure
The door with cable and hanging weight shall be held at 300 mm (12 in.) or 30 degrees from the
closed position and then released, permitting the door to close, allowing it to impact the storage
unit case. Repeat this procedure for a total of 10 times.

17.10.4 Acceptance Level

There shall be no loss of serviceability.

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85°- 90°

Figure 17k - Drop Test for Horizontally Hinged and Horizontally Receding Doors - Cyclic

17.11 Drop Test for Horizontally Hinged and Horizontally Receding Doors - Cyclic
(See Figure 17k)

17.11.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the ability of the horizontally hinged door mechanism to
withstand lifting and a free fall drop.

17.11.2 Test Setup

a) The unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform, leveled, and secured against
movement.
b) The receding door shall be attached at its center to a mechanism that will pull the door
up to an 85-degree to 90-degree angle from the closed-door position.
c) The mechanism shall release the door, allowing it to fall freely against the unit.

17.11.3 Test Procedure

The door shall be lifted and dropped 200 times at a rate not to exceed 10 cycles per minute.

17.11.4 Acceptance Level

There shall be no loss of serviceability to the storage unit or its components.

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FREE FALL
FROM POINT
OF
EQUILIBRIUM

Figure 17L – Slam Test for Doors which Free Fall Open or Closed

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17.12 Slam Test for Doors which Free Fall Open or Closed (See Figure 17L)
This test applies to doors which slide or roll, either open or closed, under their own weight. (This
test does not apply to doors that are hinged).

17.12.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the ability of doors that free-fall open and/or closed to
withstand repeated opening/closing impacts.

17.12.2 Test Setup

a) The unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform, leveled, and secured against
movement.
b) Determine the position from which the door will fall (move) freely open/closed
throughout its greatest distance. Depending on the door’s design, the door may
require testing in both its opening and closing conditions.

17.12.3 Test Procedure

Allow the door to fall open/close freely. Repeat for a total of 50 cycles in each direction (if
applicable).

17.12.4 Acceptance Level

There shall be no loss of serviceability to the storage unit or its components.

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WEIGHT

WEIGHT
RESTRAINED
ONCE DOOR
IS WITHIN 10
mm (0.4 in.) OF
ITS STOPS.

Figure 17m - Slam Open and Closed Test for Sliding and Roll-Front Doors which Do Not
Free-Fall

17.13 Slam Open and Closed Test for Doors which Do Not Free Fall (See Figure 17m)
This test applies to doors which slide or roll, open and closed, but not under their own weight.
This test does not apply to doors that are hinged.

17.13.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the ability of sliding doors and roll-front doors to function
after repeated impacts due to forceful open/close impacts.

17.13.2 Test Setup

a) The unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform, leveled, and secured against
movement.

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b) Measure and record the maximum force necessary to slide the door over the first 300
mm (11.8 in.) of travel (not including the force of anti-rebound mechanisms, if
applicable).
c) A cable shall be attached to center of the door's pull area. This may be accomplished
by means of a clamp or similar device that does not affect the test results.
d) The opposite end of the cable shall be attached to a weight that is 2 kg (4.4 lb.) plus
the pull force value that will act to cause the door to open or close.
e) Set up the test device to move the door 300 mm (11.8 in.) from its open or closed
position or to its opposite door stop if less. Place door 10 mm (0.4 in.) from the
doorstop to be impacted and place weight restraint at this position.

17.13.3 Test Procedure

a) Move the door, lifting the weight so the door will travel 300 mm (11.8 in.) or to the
doorstop opposite the one to be impacted, whichever is less.
b) Release the door, permitting the door to move rapidly, and allowing it to impact the
doorstop.
c) Repeat steps a) and b) for a total of 10 times.
d) Repeat setup and procedure steps a) through c) to impact the opposite door stop on
the same door.

17.13.4 Acceptance Level

There shall be no loss of serviceability to the storage unit or its components.

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LOAD FRONT VIEWS LOAD

Figure 18 - Clothes Rail Static Loading Test

18 Clothes Rail Static Loading Test

18.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the ability of the clothes rails to withstand static loads.
This test may be conducted simultaneously with the unit strength test, Section 4.

18.2 Test Setup

a) The unit shall be leveled in its normal operating position and may be secured to
prevent tipping. The method of securing shall not affect the load application.
b) If load applications to other components will affect the functional performance of the
clothes rail, load those components with the functional load specified in Table 1. If
extendible, clothes rail shall be extended during the loading test.

18.3 Test Procedure

a) Place the rail on its supports in the unit.
b) Load the rail per Table 1. Concentrate this load at the weakest point(s) (See Figure 18
for loading examples). Several load applications may be required to determine the
weakest point(s) of the rail and/or supports.
c) If there are two or more sections of rail (three or more support points), simultaneously
load each section with the specified load.
d) Apply the specified load for 60 minutes.

18.4 Acceptance Level

There shall be no loss of serviceability.

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19 Latch Test (No figure)

This test applies to all doors and extendible elements equipped with latches. This test may be run
in conjunction with the wear and fatigue tests applicable to doors and cycle tests applicable to
extendible elements.

19.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to evaluate the ability of door and extendible element latches to
function.

19.2 Test Setup

a) The unit shall be placed on a test surface/platform, leveled, and secured against
movement.
b) Attach or position a cycling device to operate the latch mechanism on a door or
extendible element.
c) Set the cycling device to operate at 12 ± 4 cycles per minute.

19.3 Test Procedure

Operate the latch 20,000 times. Note some latch mechanisms require one action to “lock” it, and
a similar action to “unlock” it. Such mechanisms shall be cycled 40,000 times to simulate 20,000
full open/close cycles.

19.4 Acceptance Level

There shall be no loss of serviceability to the door/ extendible element or its latching mechanism.

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LOADED

Figure 20 - Pull Force Test

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20 Pull Force Test (See Figure 20)

20.1 Purpose of Test

The purpose of this test is to measure the force required to move an extendible element or door
from the fully closed position to the fully extended position. This test does not apply to video
display support surfaces/mechanisms.

20.2 Test Setup

a) The storage unit shall be placed on a test platform, leveled, and secured against
movement.
b) Extendible elements shall be uniformly loaded per Table 1. The load shall be
configured per Section 3.7.2 (Figure 3a or 3b) if extendible elements have bottoms.
The load shall be configured per Section 3.7.3 (Figure 3c) if extendible elements do not
have bottoms. For extendible elements functioning as a shelf the load shall be evenly
distributed front to back and left to right on the shelf surface. Any latching mechanisms
shall be disabled. Doors with storage capability shall not be loaded for this test.
c) Extendible elements and doors shall be subjected to a break-in period of up to 100
cycles if the extendible element does not initially meet the pull force requirement. One
cycle is defined as travel from 0 to 6 mm (0 to 0.25 in.) of the closed position to 0 to 6
mm (0 to 0.25 in.) of the fully extended/open position and return. Horizontal receding
doors may be supported in a horizontal plane during this test.
d) Where applicable (typically for ball-bearing suspension) fully open and fully close the
extendible element one time to ensure the suspension is adequately reset before
performing the pull force test.
e) A force gauge or other force measurement device shall be attached to the center of the
pull area. For dual pull and wide pull extendible elements and doors, the force shall be
measured at the center of each pull (dual pull) and at each end of the wide pulls at a
distance equal to one sixth of the extendible element width.

20.3 Test Procedure

Open the extendible element or door from its fully closed position to its fully extended/open
position while measuring the maximum force.

20.4 Acceptance Level

The applied force shall not exceed 50 N (11.2 lbf.).

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Appendix A -- Impact Test Bag Construction

Example: 406 mm (16 in.) diameter bag

Section A-A

Height =
406 mm
A A
(16 in.)

BAG DIAMETER =
406 mm +/- 13mm
(16 in. +/- 0.5 in.)

Bag to contain a sufficient quantity of media to bring the bag to the specified load. Media may be
shot, slugs, punches, etc. Media may be contained within smaller individual bags/compartments.
Media may not be a singular solid material (e.g. single steel or concrete mass).
Note: For health and environmental reasons, lead shot is not recommended. Other fixtures or
media are acceptable if they provide an equivalent impact.

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Appendix A (Continued) - Impact Test Bag -- Typical Construction

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Appendix A (Continued) -- Impact Test Bag -- Typical Construction

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Appendix A (Continued) -- Impact Test Bag -- Typical Construction

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Appendix A (Continued) -- Impact Test Bag -- Typical Construction

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Test Bag Handling Suggestions:

Support fixtures for lifting and attaching the bag to test devices may be used to help maintain the
shape of the bag and provide improved consistency, depending on the media chosen. Examples
of support fixtures are shown below:

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Appendix A continued

Note: Other designs may be used to help maintain the shape of the bag and provide improved
consistency.

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Appendix B – Stability Loading Figures

Optional - Carpet stretcher grip material on 300 mm (11.81 in.)

R surface. To be recessed into approximately a 2 mm (0.08 in.)
deep groove so that only the gripper teeth protrude. The carpet
gripper placement shown is one example, other configurations
are acceptable. Use of thin friction cloth / pads are also
acceptable.

Material – Nylon or ABS

Weight to be 1.07 ± 0.40 kg
(2.36 ± 0.88 lb.)

Figure B1 – Front Stability Loading Pad

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Sufficient to clear all

surfaces and allow for
setback

Sufficient to
Centerline to point provide
and center of gravity clearance
of weight

Mass
equivalent of
61 kg
19 mm (0.75 in) dia. (135 lb.)
rod with 45° taper

Figure B2 - Front Stability Loading Fixture

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Informative Appendix C – Summary of Significant Changes

Title – STORAGE UNITS was STORAGE UNITS TESTS

Scope – removed reference to Vertical Files X5.3 (to be discontinued)
Definitions – added lateral file and vertical file; and modified case and storage units; for clear
height unit bottom max height 305 mm (12 in.) was 457 mm (18 in.)
General – modified tolerance language and added ranges for temperature and humidity
Table 2 – ‘Loading Guide’ was ‘Television/Video Display Load Parameters’
Table 3 – ‘Storage Unit Classification Criteria’ was ‘Storage Unit Classification Criteria for Units
with Extendible Elements’ and removed Applicability column
Unit Strength Test – Removed ‘Primary Surface’ from titles of figures and added a figure for
irregular shaped units. Added applicability Notes in 4.3 and 4.5 for Distributed Load Tests.
Leg/Glide Assembly Strength Test – no significant change
Racking Resistance Test – added limitation of weight at 600 lbs.
Vertical Load Durability Tests – modified / clarified Test Set Ups in 7.1.2, 7.2.2, and 7.3.2; and
harmonized with X5.5 to allow use of bag or force
Separation and Disengagement Tests – revised the title for 8.1 (add-on was vertically attached
or stackable) and applicability weight of 9 kg (20 lb.) was 4.5 kg (10 lb.); 1062 mm was 1219 mm
(error correction as it is and was 42 inches). Functional loads in acceptance levels were proof
loads.
Stability Tests – Stability tests are not applicable to products less than 450 mm (17.7 in.) in
height. In 9.2, ‘Horizontal Force Stability for Storage Units without Extendible Elements’ was
‘Horizontal Force Stability Test for Tall Storage Units’ and 762 mm height was 1067 mm. Also in
9.2, 105 kg/m2 (0.15 lbs/in2) in the lowest inside surface in the unit was 36 kg/m (2 lb./in.) of width
on the lowest storage component in the unit. Added 2-high front view example to Figure 9c. In
9.6 the following 2 sentences were deleted: Place an evenly distributed load of 36 kg/m (2 lb./in.)
of width in/on the lowest storage component in the unit. And deleted, If the unit has multiple
compartments, such as a coat closet and file or shelving spaces, load each compartment so as
to load the interior bottom footprint of the unit. Modified figure 9e to match the revisions in 9.6.
In Section 9.6 the load location of 191 mm (7.5 in.) was 127 mm (5.0 in.). Modified figure 9f to
show 3 places (was 4). Added limitation of 38-inch height to section 9.7 (seated surfaces).
Storage Unit Drop Test – no significant change
Movement Durability Test for Mobile Storage Units – Added tolerance of +/- 0.020 inch for
obstacle thickness. Cycle rate of 10 +2 / -6 was +/- 2. Added direction for caster / glide
combinations.
Extendible Element Rebound Test – was Rebound Test, otherwise no significant change

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Informative Appendix C – Summary of Significant Changes – continued

Extendible Element Retention Impact and Durability (Outstop) Tests – no significant change
Lock Tests – no significant change
Extendible Element Cycle Tests – These tests do not apply to extendible elements with load
capacity (per Table 1) of less than 7 kg (15.4 lb.) and do not have mechanical suspensions.
Removed references to Swivel / Do Not Swivel. Wide pulls at 18 inches was 12 inches. Modified
Table 6 with wide/narrow/multiple pull clarifications. Removed ‘Horizontal cycle Test for
Television/Video Display Terminal Extendible Elements that Swivel.’
Interlock Strength Test – no significant change
Door Tests - Wide pulls 18 in. was 12 in. Modified Table 9 with wide/narrow pull clarifications.
Removed ‘Door Latch Test’ from this section and relabeled ‘Latch Test’ as section 19.
Clothes Rail Static Loading Test – no change
Latch Test – was previously within Section 17 Door Tests and is now also relevant to extendible
elements if applicable
Swivel Cycle Test for Television/Video Display Surfaces – removed this test
Pull Force Test – modified language in 20.2.c
Appendix A Impact Test Bag Construction – removed sand as a listed option
Appendix B Stability Loading Figures – New Figure B1 loading pad and Figure B2 loading
fixture based on ANSI/BIFMA X5.1-2017.
Appendix C – Summary of Significant Changes – new informative

END OF DOCUMENT

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