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ChatGPT - Mitosis in Onion Root

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60 views4 pages

ChatGPT - Mitosis in Onion Root

Uploaded by

synis1jakyk2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ChatGPT - Mitosis in Onion Root

to identify and study mitosis in onion root tip. class 12th


practical copy write the best an detailed so it can fit in 5
pages. write like aim, materials required, theory, procedure,
observations, result , conclusion and precautions. make
theory and observation long

Here’s a detailed write-up for the practical "To identify and study mitosis in onion root tip."
The content is structured to span approximately five pages, with emphasis on detailed
theory and observations.

Experiment: To Identify and Study Mitosis in Onion Root Tip

Aim

To prepare a temporary mount of an onion root tip and study the various stages of mitosis
under a microscope.

Materials Required

1. Fresh onion bulb

2. Watch glass

3. Beaker (100 ml)

4. Scalpel or blade

5. Forceps

6. Acetocarmine stain

7. Microscope

8. Slide and cover slip

9. Spirit lamp

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10. Dropper

11. Needle

12. Filter paper

13. Distilled water

14. Tissue paper

Theory

Mitosis is a type of cell division wherein a single cell divides to produce two identical
daughter cells. It is also called equational division since the chromosome number remains
the same in the parent and daughter cells. It occurs in the somatic cells and is crucial for
growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.

Mitosis is divided into the following phases:

1. Interphase: Though not a part of mitosis, it is a preparatory phase where the cell grows,
replicates its DNA, and synthesizes necessary proteins.

2. Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become visible as distinct structures. The


nuclear membrane starts to disintegrate.

3. Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the equatorial plate, and spindle fibers attach to
their centromeres.

4. Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and are pulled towards opposite poles.

5. Telophase: Chromosomes decondense, nuclear membranes reform, and the spindle


fibers disappear.

6. Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm divides, resulting in two separate daughter cells.

Onion root tips are commonly used for mitotic studies as they are regions of active cell
division. The cells are large, making the stages easily observable under a microscope.

Procedure

1. Preparation of Onion Root Tips:

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Place an onion bulb in a beaker filled with water to allow roots to grow (1-2 cm).

Cut the root tips (approximately 1-2 mm) using a sharp blade.

2. Softening the Root Tips:

Place the cut root tips in a watch glass and boil them in a mixture of distilled water
and 1-2 drops of HCl for 2-3 minutes.

This softens the tissue, allowing easy penetration of the stain.

3. Staining:

Stain the softened root tips using acetocarmine for 10-15 minutes to highlight
chromosomes.

4. Mounting the Root Tip:

Transfer the stained root tip onto a clean slide.

Add a drop of acetocarmine and cover it with a cover slip.

Gently press the cover slip using a needle or tissue paper to squash the root tip and
spread the cells.

5. Microscopic Observation:

Observe the slide under a compound microscope at low and high magnification.

Identify the various stages of mitosis.

Observations

1. Interphase: Cells show a clear nucleus with indistinct chromatin material. The nucleolus
is visible.

2. Prophase: Chromosomes appear as thick, thread-like structures. The nuclear membrane


begins to disintegrate.

3. Metaphase: Chromosomes align along the equatorial plate. The spindle fibers are
attached to the centromeres.

4. Anaphase: The sister chromatids separate and are pulled towards opposite poles of the
cell.

5. Telophase: Chromosomes at the poles begin to decondense. The nuclear membrane


reappears, and two nuclei form.

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6. Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm divides, resulting in two daughter cells.

The slide should show a mix of cells in various stages of mitosis, with clear visibility of
chromosomes during metaphase and anaphase.

Result

The stages of mitosis were successfully observed in the onion root tip cells, confirming the
sequential process of equational cell division.

Conclusion

Mitosis is a vital process for growth, repair, and maintenance of genetic continuity in
organisms. The study of onion root tips provides a clear and detailed understanding of this
process.

Precautions

1. Use fresh onion root tips for better results.

2. Avoid overheating during boiling, as it can damage the cells.

3. Handle the acetocarmine stain carefully; it can cause stains on clothes and skin.

4. Press the cover slip gently to avoid breaking it.

5. Ensure the slide is clean and free of air bubbles for clear microscopic observation.

This write-up, if written neatly and spaced well, should comfortably fit into five pages.

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