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How to Do Everything with Adobe Acrobat 6 0 2nd
Edition Doug Sahlin Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Doug Sahlin
ISBN(s): 9780072229462, 0072229462
Edition: 2
File Details: PDF, 7.88 MB
Year: 2003
Language: english
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Doug Sahlin is an author, graphic designer, and web site designer living in Lakeland, Central
Florida. He is the author of 11 books on graphic design and computer software, including How To
Do Everything with Adobe Acrobat 5 and How To Do Everything with Macromedia Contribute.
Sahlin’s articles and product reviews have appeared in national publications such as Computer
Graphics World, 3D Magazine, Video Systems, and Corel Magazine, and his tutorials have been
featured at numerous web sites devoted to graphic design. Sahlin has also authored online
multimedia tutorials, CD-ROM tutorials, and presented seminars for government agencies.

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Doug Sahlin

McGraw-Hill/Osborne
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iv How to Do Everything with Adobe Acrobat 6.0

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How to Do Everything with Adobe® Acrobat® 6.0

Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Printed in the United
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that the program listings may be entered, stored, and executed in a computer system, but they
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ISBN 0-07-222946-2
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Associate Publisher Scott Rogers
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Contents at a Glance
PART I Welcome to Adobe Acrobat 6.0
1 Get to Know Adobe Acrobat 6.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Navigate the Acrobat Workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3 Read PDF Documents with Adobe Acrobat 6.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

PART II Create PDF Documents

4 Create a PDF Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
5 Create PDF Documents in Authoring Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
6 Capture PDF Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
7 Create Navigation for PDF Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
8 Create Interactive PDF Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

PART III Edit PDF Documents

9 The Basics of Editing PDF Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
10 Review PDF Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

PART IV Add Security and Distribute PDF Documents

11 Add Digital Signatures and Document Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
12 Optimize PDF Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
13 Create PDF Documents for the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

PART V Create Enhanced PDFs with Acrobat Professional

14 Create Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
15 Add Multimedia Elements to PDF Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383
16 Create a PDF Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

vii

viii How to Do Everything with Adobe Acrobat 6.0

PART VI Appendixes
A Acrobat 6.0 Keyboard Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
B Acrobat Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

Contents ix

Contents
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix

PART I Welcome to Adobe Acrobat 6.0

CHAPTER 1 Get to Know Adobe Acrobat 6.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
About Adobe Acrobat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
About the PDF Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
About Adobe Acrobat 6.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
About the Acrobat CD-ROM Installation Disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Adobe Acrobat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Adobe Reader 6.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Acrobat Catalog (Professional Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Acrobat Distiller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
What’s New in Adobe Acrobat 6.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
New Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
New User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Enhanced Acrobat Tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Enhanced Export and Import Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
New Menu Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Create a PDF Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Create PDF Documents from Authoring Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Create PDF Documents from EPS Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Create PDF Documents for the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Capture Web Sites as PDF Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Convert Scanned Documents to PDF Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Create PDF Documents for Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Create Interactive PDF Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Create PDF Documents for Multimedia Presentations (Professional Only) . . 20
Create PDF Documents for Internal Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Create a PDF Form (Professional Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Create an eBook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Create an Acrobat Catalog (Professional Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Optimize Documents for Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Use Acrobat as a Publishing Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

CHAPTER 2 Navigate the Acrobat Workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

About the Adobe Reader 6.0 Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Navigate the Acrobat Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Use the Navigation Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
About the Document Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

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x How to Do Everything with Adobe Acrobat 6.0

About the How To..? Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Use the Acrobat Menu Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Use Acrobat Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
About the File Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
About the Tasks Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Use the Other Acrobat Task Buttons and Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Customize the Workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Float Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Float Navigation Pane Tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Group Tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Get Complete Acrobat 6.0 Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
About the Detect and Repair Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Set Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

CHAPTER 3 Read PDF Documents with Adobe Acrobat 6.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Open a PDF Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Navigate the Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Navigate to a Bookmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Expand a Bookmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Collapse a Bookmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Use the Bookmarks Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Navigate to a Thumbnail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Navigate to a Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Automatically Scroll a Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Change Document View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Change View Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Magnify the Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
View Multiple Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Cascade Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Tile Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Search for a Word or Phrase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Search an Index of Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Add an Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Remove an Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Display Index Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Create a Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Conduct an Advanced Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Sort Your Search . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Refine Your Search with Boolean Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Get Document Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Print PDF Documents from Acrobat Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Print PDF Documents from Acrobat Professional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Use Text and Graphics from PDFs in Other Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Capture Text from a PDF Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Capture Tables from PDF Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Capture Graphic Elements from PDF Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Using the Snapshot Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

Contents xi

PART II Create PDF Documents

CHAPTER 4 Create a PDF Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Create a PDF File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Use the Create PDF Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Create PDF from File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Choose Compression and Color Management Settings for Image Files . . . . . 96
Create PDF from Multiple Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Create a PDF File by Dragging and Dropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Open Web Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Save PDF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Set Document Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Edit Document Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Set Document Initial View Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Set Document Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Use the Save As Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Save PDF Files in Other Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Save Text from a PDF File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Save PDF Files as Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Create PDF Files with Acrobat Distiller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Use Acrobat Distiller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Set Distiller Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Set Watched Folder Options (Professional Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125

CHAPTER 5 Create PDF Documents in Authoring Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Create PDF Files from Microsoft Office Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Create PDF Files from Microsoft Word Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Convert Word Files to PDF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Convert to PDF and Then E-Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Change Conversion Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Create PDF Files from Microsoft Excel Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Create PDF Files from Microsoft PowerPoint Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Create PDF Files Using an Application Print Command . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Create PDF Files in Adobe Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Create PDF Files from Vector-Drawing Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Create Files from Adobe Illustrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Create PDF Files from CorelDraw Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Create PDF Files from Macromedia FreeHand Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

CHAPTER 6 Capture PDF Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Capture PDF Documents from a Scanner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Capture Images and Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Convert Scanned Captures to Searchable Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Capture Images from Digital Cameras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Capture PDF Documents from Web Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Set Web Capture Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Download Web Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Append Web Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Specify Web Page Conversion Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

xii How to Do Everything with Adobe Acrobat 6.0

Save Converted Web Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170

Update Converted Web Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

CHAPTER 7 Create Navigation for PDF Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Use the Bookmarks Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
About the Bookmarks Tab Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Create Bookmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Create Bookmarks from Document Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Modify Bookmark Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Use the Bookmarks Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Edit Bookmarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Use the Pages Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Use the Pages Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Create Thumbnails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Resize Thumbnails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Create Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Create a Hotspot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Change Zoom Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Edit Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Create a Menu Using Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194

CHAPTER 8 Create Interactive PDF Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Work with Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Use Page Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Set a Page Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Edit Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Use JavaScript Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Create a JavaScript Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
Edit a JavaScript Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Create a Thread of Linked Articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Create an Article . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Use the Articles Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Add a Thread to an Article . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Delete an Article . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Move or Resize an Article Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Edit Article Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Work with the Destinations Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

PART III Edit PDF Documents

CHAPTER 9 The Basics of Editing PDF Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Edit Visually with Thumbnails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Use the Pages Tab Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Use the Pages Context Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Insert Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Delete Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Drag-and-Drop Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Reorder Document Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Copy Pages from Other Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216

Contents xiii

Edit with Menu Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Insert Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Delete Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Replace Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Extract Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Crop Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
Use the Crop Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Rotate Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Number Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Append PDF Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Adding Page Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Touch Up a PDF Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Use the TouchUp Text Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Use the TouchUp Object Tool (Professional Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Use the TouchUp Object Tool Context Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

CHAPTER 10 Review PDF Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Initiate an E-Mail Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Use the Review Tracker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Use the Comments Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Navigate to a Comment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Use the Comments Options Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Use the Comments Tab Context Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Add Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Use the Note Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Set Note Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Modify Note Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Edit Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Add Audio Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Create Text Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Use the Text Box Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Edit Text Box Annotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
Attach Files to Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Open a File Attachment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Edit File Attachment Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
Apply a Stamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Use the Stamp Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Edit Stamp Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Delete a Stamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Mark Up a Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Highlight Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Use the Highlight Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Edit Comment Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Use Graphic Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Use the Pencil Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
Use the Drawing Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Attach a Pop-Up Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Edit a Pop-Up Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Export Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Import Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

xiv How to Do Everything with Adobe Acrobat 6.0

PART IV Add Security and Distribute PDF Documents

CHAPTER 11 Add Digital Signatures and Document Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
About Digital Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Use Digital Signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
Create a User Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Modify Signature Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
Sign a Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Choose a Digital ID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Change Digital ID Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Change Password Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Use the Signatures Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Create a Blank Signature Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
About Acrobat Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Certify a Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Use Acrobat Password Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Use Acrobat Certificate Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Build a List of Trusted Identities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Exchange Certificates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Import a Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Add Certificate Security to a Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299

CHAPTER 12 Optimize PDF Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

About Tagged Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Create a Tagged Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Reflow a Tagged Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Optimize Documents for the Visually Impaired (Professional Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Use the Tags Tab (Professional Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Optimize Documents for Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Optimize Documents for CD-ROM Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Optimize Documents for the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Customize Distiller Conversion Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Set General Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Conversion Settings Images Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Set Fonts Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Set Color Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Set Advanced Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Set PDF/X Options (Professional Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Save Conversion Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
PDF Font Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Embed Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Subset a Font . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Preview an Unembedded Font in Acrobat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

CHAPTER 13 Create PDF Documents for the Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

View PDF Documents in a Web Browser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
About PDF Browser Plug-ins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Download Adobe Reader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Distribute Adobe Reader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Reviewing Documents Online (Windows Only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Configure Reviewing Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

Contents xv

Participate in a Browser-Based Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

Work Offline in a Browser-Based Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
Prepare PDF Documents for the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Add a Base URL to the Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Create Named Destinations and Links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Create a Welcome Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Use PDF Forms on the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Save the Document for the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
About Byteserving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Create Byteserving PDF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Name the Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Combine HTML and PDF Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Create HTML Hyperlinks to PDF Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Create HTML Hyperlinks to Named Destinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Create and Distribute PDF Documents via E-Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344

PART V Create Enhanced PDFs with Acrobat Professional

CHAPTER 14 Create Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Create a PDF Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Fill Out a PDF Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
About Acrobat Form Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Design a Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Use the Layout Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Create Form Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Specify Field Appearance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Create a Button Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
Rescale a Button Icon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
Create a Check Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
Create a Combo Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Create a List Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
Create a Radio Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
Create a Text Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Create a Digital Signature Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Spell Check Form Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Specify Spell Check Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
Edit the Dictionary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Format Form Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
Validate Form Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Calculate Form Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
Set Field Calculation Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Create a Reset Form Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
Create a Submit Form Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Edit a Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Use the Form Context Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Use the Fields Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Edit Form Field Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Delete a Form Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Align, Reposition, and Resize Form Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Duplicate a Form Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
Export Form Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377
Import Form Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

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Use JavaScript Actions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378

Use JavaScript to Subtract and Divide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Add JavaScript Actions to Form Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

CHAPTER 15 Add Multimedia Elements to PDF Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383

Work with Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Add Sound to Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Add Sound to a PDF Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
Use the Sound Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
Add Movies to PDF Presentations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Add Movies to Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Add Renditions to a Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
Edit Media Renditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
Create a Multimedia Presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Create an Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Create a Pop-Up Menu Using Named Destinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398

CHAPTER 16 Create a PDF Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399

Edit with Batch Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
Use Preset Batch Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
Edit a Batch Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Create a New Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Create an Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Prepare the Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Optimize PDFs for the Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
Build an Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
Purge and Rebuild an Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Move an Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

PART VI Appendixes
APPENDIX A Acrobat 6.0 Keyboard Shortcuts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417

APPENDIX B Acrobat Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

Adobe Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
Third-Party Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427

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Acknowledgments
Writing is a solitary endeavor. When a book project is finished, the author’s name appears on
the cover, which in many ways seems unfair. A book project of this magnitude is not possible
without the support of many. This book is no different.
I’d like to begin by thanking the publishing team at Osborne. Thanks to the ambitious and
blonde Margie McAneny, for making this opportunity possible. And thanks to Megg Morin, for
pinch hitting in the final stages of this project while Margie gave birth to her daughter. Thanks
to Tana Allen, for making sure my manuscripts and screenshots got to the proper parties at the
proper time. I would be remiss if I did not thank Project Editor Jenny Malnick, for filling my
inbox when I thought it was once again safe to check my e-mail. Kudos to the talented
copyeditor from Indy, Andrea Boucher. Special thanks to the Tech-Editor-Wonder-From-Down-
Under, Dave Wraight. As always, thanks to my literary agent, Margot Maley Hutichson, for
being the perfect liaison between author and publisher.
Many thanks to my friend and fellow author Bonnie Blake, for her upbeat attitude and support.
Best wishes for success with all your endeavors.
As always, copious amounts of thanks to my friends, family, and mentors—life would indeed
be difficult without them. Special thanks to my loving sister, Karen, and my cousin Ted (a.k.a.
Theodoric of Annandale).

xvii

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Introduction
Welcome to How To Do Everything with Adobe Acrobat 6.0. If you’ve used previous versions of
Acrobat, you know that it’s the premier solution for electronic publishing. You can use the Acrobat
Distiller and Acrobat PDFMaker to publish documents as PDF (Portable Document Format) files
that can be viewed by anyone with a copy of Acrobat, or the free Adobe 6.0 Reader installed on
their computer. When you publish a PDF document, it retains the look and feel of the original
document, which makes it possible for you to share information with others who have the Adobe
Reader 6.0, without needing to invest in the software used to author the original document.
Adobe is distributing two versions of Acrobat 6.0: Standard and Professional. Owners of
Acrobat Standard can use the software to create PDF documents from within authoring
applications, and then enhance documents by including interactive objects such as navigation
devices. Acrobat Standard has commenting tools that you use to annotate a document. Acrobat
Professional has all of these features and more. With Acrobat Professional, you can create PDF
documents from within Microsoft Visio and Project. Acrobat Professional users will also be able
to create sophisticated PDF forms and add multimedia elements such as sound files, video files,
and Flash SWF movies to their documents. Acrobat Professional owners will also be able to use
Acrobat Catalog to create searchable indexes of PDF documents.

About this Book

You will find coverage of both Acrobat Standard and Acrobat Professional in this book. You can
use this book as a standalone reference to understand and utilize the powerful features of both
Acrobat versions.
This book is divided into five parts. The chapters in the first part of the book familiarize you
with Acrobat and what you can do with it. The middle chapters show you how to create PDF
documents and add interactivity to them. The final chapters show users of Acrobat Professional
how to use the enhanced features of the software to create PDF forms, add multimedia elements
to PDF files, as well as how to automate frequently performed tasks with batch processing. There
are two appendixes as well that list the keyboard shortcuts to popular Acrobat commands and
Acrobat Internet resources.

Part I: Welcome to Adobe Acrobat 6.0

In Part I, you’ll get a general overview of Acrobat. You’ll be introduced to the various tasks you
can accomplish with Acrobat and gain a working knowledge of the Acrobat workspace. You’ll
learn how to use Acrobat to read and navigate PDF documents. You’ll also find sections devoted
to the new features in Acrobat.

xix

xx How to Do Everything with Adobe Acrobat 6.0

Part II: Create PDF Documents

The chapters in Part II contain the information you need to create PDF documents. You’ll learn
how to create PDF documents from within authoring applications using the Adobe PDF printer,
from within Microsoft office applications using the Acrobat PDFMaker, as well as how to create
PDF documents by capturing them from web pages and scanned documents. The final chapters
show you how to add enhanced interactivity to PDF documents in the form of navigation devices.

Part III: Edit PDF Documents

In Part III you’ll learn how to edit PDF documents. You’ll discover how to add pages, crop pages,
and replace pages in the PDF documents you edit, as well as how to use Acrobat’s powerful
commenting tools to add notes and annotations to a document. You’ll also learn how to initiate an
e-mail review with other colleagues and keep track of the review with the new Review Tracker.

Part IV: Add Security and Distribute PDF Documents

In this part of the book you’ll learn how to password protect the PDF documents you distribute
with Acrobat Password Security. You’ll also learn how to work with Digital IDs and create a list
of Trusted Identities by exchanging Digital IDs with other colleagues and associates. When you
work with trusted certificates, you can apply enhanced Certificate Security to documents, which
enables you to set different user permissions for each member of your Trusted Identities list.
Other topics of discussion show you how to optimize and distribute PDF documents.

Part V: Create Enhanced PDFs with Acrobat Professional

Part V is for Acrobat Professional users; here you’ll find detailed instructions on how to create
PDF forms. You’ll also find a chapter devoted to using Acrobat Professional to add multimedia
elements to PDF documents. In the final chapter of the book, Chapter 16, you’ll learn how to use
Acrobat Professional’s batch processing feature to automate tasks you perform on a regular basis
as well as how to master Acrobat Professional Catalog to create searchable indexes of PDF
documents.

Conventions Used in this Book

Acrobat Standard and Professional are available for the Windows and Macintosh platforms. This
book was written using the Windows version of Acrobat. Therefore, if you are a Macintosh user,
you may notice some minor differences in certain dialog boxes. Whenever a menu command
differs between platforms, it will be noted with the Windows command listed first, followed by
the Macintosh equivalent. For example: right-click (Windows) or CTRL-click (Macintosh).
Italic type is used to designate a new phrase or term.
SMALL CAPITAL LETTERS are used to designate keyboard entries such as CTRL, SHIFT, or ESC.
Courier type is used to designate any JavaScript code.

Introduction xxi

When you are instructed to use a menu command, it will be referred to like this: choose
Document | Pages | Insert. This is the path to the command you’ll use to perform the task being
discussed. The previous example shows how to open the Insert Pages dialog box by choosing the
Insert command, which is one of the Pages commands, which is found on the list of Document
menu commands.
You’ll also find useful information about Acrobat and related topics in the How To..? and
Did You Know sections of this book as well as informative sidebars. Tips on how to streamline
your workflow and notes pertaining to specific topics are sprinkled throughout the book.

In Closing
My goal is to provide you with a book that you can use as a standalone reference for creating,
editing, and adding interactivity to PDF documents. In addition, I have provided information that
you will not find in the program manual, such as how to optimize images for PDF documents, tips
to help you streamline your workflow, and other useful tidbits, such as how to use JavaScript to
display the current date in a PDF document. After you read this book, keep it within arm’s reach for
an instant refresher course on a particular topic. You can also use Appendix A as a handy reference
for the most popular Acrobat keyboard shortcuts. In Appendix B, you’ll find the URLs to web sites
featuring useful information about Acrobat as well as sources for third-party plug-ins.

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Welcome
Part I to Adobe
Acrobat 6.0

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Get to Know Adobe

Chapter 1 Acrobat 6.0

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4 How to Do Everything with Adobe Acrobat 6.0

How to…
■ Utilize the power of Acrobat
■ Create PDF documents
■ Create PDF documents for the Web
■ Capture web sites as PDF documents
■ Optimize PDF documents

M ost computer users are familiar with Acrobat in some form or another. Many think that
Acrobat is the application that pops up when they double-click a file with the PDF (Portable
Document Format) extension. That little gem is Adobe Reader 6.0. But there’s much more to
Acrobat than the Reader. Major corporations, software manufacturers, and businesses use the full
version of Acrobat to create and publish documents for electronic distribution. The fact that you are
reading this book probably means that you either own the full version of Acrobat 6.0 or will soon
purchase the program to create interactive electronic documents that retain the appearance of the
original.
If you have used Acrobat before, you know that it is chock-full of features—so many features
that it takes a while to learn them all. If you’re brand-new to Acrobat, the prospect of publishing
sophisticated electronic documents might seem a bit daunting. But don’t worry—as you read this
book, whether you own Acrobat Standard or Acrobat Professional, you’ll learn to harness the
power of Acrobat to create and publish electronic documents you never thought possible. Whether
you need to create a simple electronic memo, an employee manual, or an indexed electronic catalog,
Acrobat is the tool for you.
In this chapter, you’ll also learn about the different components that come with Acrobat and
the many uses for the software. If you’ve just upgraded from Acrobat 5.0, you’ve likely already
noticed that there are many changes to the software. If you are an experienced Acrobat user, you
may be tempted to skip this chapter. However, even if you’re an Acrobat publishing veteran, I
suggest that you browse through this chapter, especially when you consider the plethora of new
features, new tools, menu commands, and so on. As you read this chapter, you may discover an
application for the program you never knew existed. As you learn about the new features and
enhanced functionality of Acrobat 6.0, you may develop ideas of how to best utilize the software
for your publishing needs.

About Adobe Acrobat

Adobe Acrobat isn’t quite as old as dirt, but it has been around for some time. Adobe created the
product for individuals and corporations that needed to publish documents for distribution in
electronic format (also known as ePaper). The premise of the product was to create a format for
electronic documents that could be viewed by anyone, on any computer, with the only required
software being the free Adobe Reader 6.0. Adobe accomplished this goal and then some. Initially,
the product found great favor with software manufacturers who used Acrobat to create online

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CHAPTER 1: Get to Know Adobe Acrobat 6.0 5

manuals for their products. The manuals could easily be bundled on program installation disks with
a free copy of Adobe Reader 6.0. Many software manufacturers opted to publish program manuals 1
only in PDF format. Software companies, selling programs with manuals published in this manner,
saved on packaging and shipping costs, enabling them to price their software more competitively.
Help manuals published in PDF format are easy to navigate and read. Figure 1-1 shows the Adobe
Acrobat Help manual as viewed in Acrobat Standard with the How To..? pane hidden.
As Acrobat grew in popularity, Adobe added more features to the product. Newer versions of
the software featured enhanced usability, the addition of document security, and the ability to create
a searchable index of multiple PDF documents. Users of the software found new applications for
PDF documents; the documents soon appeared as corporate memos, portable product catalogs,
and multimedia presentations for salespeople. Most popular browsers support the Adobe Reader 6.0
plug-in, so many companies post PDF documents at their web sites. The PDF acronym aptly
describes the published file, as it is truly a portable document, viewable by any users with Adobe
Reader 6.0, or earlier versions of the Acrobat Reader, installed on their computer.

FIGURE 1-1 Many software manufacturers publish their Help manuals in PDF format.

6 How to Do Everything with Adobe Acrobat 6.0

You use Acrobat software to create and publish documents for electronic distribution in
PDF format. You create PDF files by either importing into Acrobat documents authored in other
applications or documents created in authoring applications (such as Microsoft Word, Microsoft
PowerPoint, or Adobe Photoshop) and then converted the original file to a PDF document. There
have been several third-party plug-ins available for working with PDF files in previous versions
of Acrobat, a trend that is bound to continue with Acrobat 6.0. Many scanning utilities such as
Omni-Page 12.0 and AverScan feature PDF output as an option.
When you create a PDF document, it retains the look and feel of the original. All the fonts
and images you used in the original document are carried over to the PDF document. Figure 1-2
shows a document in Microsoft Word; Figure 1-3 shows the same document after being converted
to a PDF file. Other than the different interfaces, the documents look identical.

FIGURE 1-2 You can create PDF documents in an authoring program such as
Microsoft Word.

CHAPTER 1: Get to Know Adobe Acrobat 6.0 7

FIGURE 1-3 When you convert the document to PDF format, it maintains the look and feel
of the original.

When you use different applications to publish documents for electronic distribution, the
documents can be read only if the recipients have a copy of the authoring software installed on
their computer. If you work for a large corporation and need to electronically distribute documents
to a large number of coworkers, your employer ends up spending a fortune in software licensing
fees. However, if you publish the document in PDF format, any coworker can read it as long as a
copy of Adobe Reader 6.0 is installed on their computer. Adobe does not charge licensing fees
when you distribute copies of Adobe Reader 6.0. As you can see, sending documents in PDF
format is a cost-effective way to distribute documents within large organizations.
If your published PDF documents are included on a web site, most popular Web browsers are
equipped with the proper plug-in to display PDF files within the browser. In the event that your
viewer doesn’t have Adobe Reader 6.0 or an earlier version installed, you can add a direct link
from your web site to the Adobe web site where your viewer can download the Reader for free.

8 How to Do Everything with Adobe Acrobat 6.0

Adobe Reader 6.0 is available for free at the following URL:

http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep.html.

Another benefit you have as a PDF author is cross-platform compatibility. Any graphics you
use are embedded in the published PDF document, and fonts can be embedded as well. When
your published PDF documents are viewed with Adobe Reader 6.0, they display as you created
them, regardless of resources available on the viewer’s operating system. If the viewer’s machine
does not have a font used in the PDF, Acrobat automatically uses a Multiple Master font to
produce a reasonable facsimile of the fonts used in the original document. Embedding fonts is
covered in Chapter 12.
You also benefit using Acrobat when you create PDF documents for print. Thanks to the
available formatting and conversion setting options, both Acrobat and Adobe Reader 6.0 software
make sure your published documents always print as you intended regardless of limitations
imposed by the recipient’s software or printer.
Acrobat makes it possible for you to optimize a PDF document for an intended destination
whether it be a CD-ROM presentation, a customer proof, or a document for a web site. When
you publish a PDF file optimized for a web site and the web site’s hosting service supports
byteserving (streaming a document into the viewer’s Web browser), you can be assured the file
will quickly download into the viewer’s Web browser.

About the PDF Format

If you have used computers for any length of time, you are probably familiar with the PDF
format. As mentioned previously, PDF is the acronym for Portable Document Format. PDF files
are indeed portable. You can view them on any computer with the free Adobe Reader 6.0. For
example, if someone sends you a PDF file created on a Macintosh computer using Adobe
PageMaker, you can view it on a PC (Personal Computer) that has Adobe Reader 6.0. PDF files
can also be viewed on portable devices such as the Palm Pilot. The file you view with Adobe

How Streaming Works

Many file formats that are viewed over the Internet are streamed into the user’s browser.
When a file is streamed into a browser, it does not have to download completely before
viewers can see the file. The first part of the file (or frame, if the file is a Flash movie or a
streaming movie) is displayed as soon as enough data has been downloaded. Byteserving a
PDF document works in the same manner; as soon as enough data has downloaded, the first
page of the document appears in the user’s browser.

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CHAPTER 1: Get to Know Adobe Acrobat 6.0 9

Reader 6.0 on a PC looks identical to the Macintosh-created PDF file. All the elements used to
create the file on the Macintosh are saved when the author converts the file to PDF format, which 1
is the reason it appears identical when viewed with Adobe Reader 6.0 on a PC. PDF files can
also be viewed in supported Web browsers where Adobe Reader 6.0 functions as a plug-in or
helper application. Whenever a PDF file posted at a web site is selected, Acrobat or Adobe
Reader 6.0 launches in the viewer’s Web browser.
Many people confuse Acrobat with Adobe Reader 6.0, the little program you download from
the Adobe web site. If you are new to Acrobat, you will quickly learn that Acrobat is a full-fledged
application for publishing electronic documents in PDF format. If you have used previous versions
of Acrobat, you are already familiar with the program’s basic premise. In the sections to follow,
you’ll learn about the new features and uses for Acrobat 6.0.

About Adobe Acrobat 6.0

With Acrobat 6.0, Adobe created two versions: Acrobat Standard for the small business or
individual needing to convert existing files to the PDF format, and Acrobat Professional for
task-oriented users needing to create PDF files with objects like forms and multimedia elements.
Acrobat Professional has several features for the “power user.” The general capabilities of each
version are listed in the following sections.

Acrobat Standard
With Acrobat Standard, you can easily create a PDF document from any number of sources.
You can create PDFs from within authoring applications such as Microsoft Word, as discussed
in Chapter 5, or you can create PDFs from within Acrobat Standard from a single file, multiple
files, a web page, or from a document in your scanner as outlined in Chapter 6. Acrobat Standard
enables you to send documents for review and track the review process. You can also mark up a
PDF document with notes, text, or graphic elements. Reviewing and marking up PDF documents
is covered in detail in Chapter 10.

About Acrobat Elements

Adobe has yet another tool to create PDF documents: Acrobat Elements. Large organizations
can use Acrobat Elements to convert Microsoft Office documents to PDF formats. Acrobat
Elements is a product you can license through Adobe. For more information, visit the
Acrobat Elements web page at http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobatel/main.html.

10 How to Do Everything with Adobe Acrobat 6.0

Acrobat Professional
Acrobat Professional has the same feature set as Acrobat Standard with some powerful additions.
With Acrobat Professional, you can create PDF documents from within AutoCad, Microsoft Project,
and Microsoft Visio. Acrobat Professional also features additional commenting tools, enhanced
multimedia support, and much more. Part V of this book covers the features unique to Acrobat
Professional. However, there are some features that don’t fall within the context of these chapters.
Within this book, whenever an Acrobat Professional tool or feature is discussed, it will be
designated by the parenthetical reference, (Professional Only), in the section heading.

About the Acrobat CD-ROM Installation Disc

As mentioned previously, Acrobat 6.0 comes in two flavors: Standard and Professional. The
Acrobat CD-ROM ships with the following components.

Adobe Acrobat
This is the core application. You use Acrobat to publish and edit PDF documents. In future chapters,
you’ll learn how to use the program features to create and publish PDF files for a variety of
mediums. You’ll also use Acrobat to capture web pages and save them as PDF files, as well as
scan printed documents into Acrobat and save them as PDF files.

Adobe Reader 6.0

This application is used to read published PDF documents. You don’t need to install the reader;
PDF documents can be read within the Acrobat application. Adobe includes Adobe Reader 6.0
with the application CD-ROM so you can bundle it with applications you create for distribution
on CD-ROM or zip disk. You can distribute Adobe Reader 6.0 without paying a licensing fee as
long as you comply with the Adobe distribution policy that requires you distribute the EULA
(End User License Agreement) and information that is included with the installation utility.

Acrobat Catalog (Professional Only)

This application is used to create indexes of PDF documents. When you create a PDF index, you
create a searchable index of several—or several hundred—PDF documents. After you create a
PDF index, you can use the Acrobat Search command to search the index documents for specific
information.

Acrobat Distiller
Acrobat Distiller is used to create a PDF document from PostScript files in EPS (Encapsulated
PostScript) or PS (PostScript) format. The Distiller Conversion Settings help you optimize the
document for its intended destination. Acrobat Distiller is a separate application that can also be
accessed from the core application.

CHAPTER 1: Get to Know Adobe Acrobat 6.0 11

What’s New in Adobe Acrobat 6.0 1

Acrobat 6.0 has many new features that enhance usability when creating files within a network
environment. You can easily share your PDF documents within a team. Individual team members
can review PDF documents using Acrobat 6.0’s enhanced commenting tools to create annotations,
add audio and written comments, and much more. For example, if you use Acrobat Professional
to create PDF documents, you can easily create interactive forms to gather information from
within a corporate environment. These forms can be filled in and printed out, or they can be filled
in and submitted on a corporate intranet. Recipients of your form can use either Adobe Reader 6.0
or Acrobat to fill out a form. In the sections that follow, you’ll learn the exciting new features at
your disposal in Acrobat 6.0.

New Features
Whether you’ve purchased Acrobat Standard or Acrobat Professional, the first and most striking
difference is the interface. Acrobat 6.0 consists of two separate entities named Acrobat and Acrobat
Distiller. If you are an Acrobat Professional user, Adobe Catalog is now a plug-in within the core
application. You use the Catalog to create a searchable index of PDF files. Even though Acrobat
Distiller is a separate program used to create PDF files from EPS and PS files, you can launch it
from within Acrobat.
Veteran users of Acrobat will notice the PDFWriter is missing. In previous versions of Acrobat,
the PDFWriter was added as a system printer. You could use the PDFWriter to print a file in PDF
format from within another application. When you install Acrobat 6.0, Adobe PDF is added as a
system printer. Adobe PDF is actually Acrobat Distiller with a new moniker. You can choose
Adobe PDF from an authoring application Print command to create a PDF file, or you can use
the new Create PDF command to convert text files and image files to PDF documents. Another
Acrobat 6.0 benefit is that the Create PDF command can create a PDF document from a single
file or multiple files of different formats supported by Acrobat, from an Internet web page, from
your scanner, or from content previously pasted to the system clipboard.
If you work on a PDF project with multiple authors, you and your team members can review
and add comments to a PDF file from within a Web browser via the Internet or a corporate intranet.
When you open a PDF file within your Web browser, every Acrobat commenting tool is at your
disposal. You can freely annotate the PDF file and then save it, or share your comments with
other authors through protocols such as WebDAV (Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioning).
If your team is working on a corporate intranet, you can set up a shared data repository by setting
up a shared network folder, using ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) for connecting to such
databases as MDB (Microsoft Access) or SQL Server databases, or Microsoft Office Server
extensions.
If you create PDF files that are shared in a workplace, you will be pleased to know that the
software can publish a document that is accessible by workers with visual disabilities. Acrobat
supports high contrast monitor settings used by the visually impaired and a wide variety of
screen readers.

12 How to Do Everything with Adobe Acrobat 6.0

With Acrobat 6.0, you can apply enhanced security features to the documents you create.
Acrobat 6.0 features 128-bit encryption, which makes it possible for you to distribute confidential
documents with complete peace of mind. If you author a confidential PDF document, you can
limit access to the document by assigning a password to the file. You can also certify a document.
When you certify a document, you attest to its contents by adding your digital signature to the
document. When you certify a document, you can prevent tampering by specifying what changes
can and cannot be made. A digital signature is like an electronic fingerprint; it identifies which
member of the team worked with the document and when.

New User Interface

Acrobat 6.0 features an enhanced interface that you can easily customize to suit your working
preferences. Acrobat 5.0 had a myriad of toolbars arranged below the menu bar. Tool choice
could often be confusing as some of the tools had similar icons. With Acrobat 6.0, the most
commonly used toolbars are neatly arranged below the menu bar. When you need to access
additional tools, you open the toolbar using a menu command. The selected toolbar floats in the
workspace and can be moved as desired. You can modify the appearance of toolbars and lock
their positions in the workspace. When you arrive at an optimum setup to suit your working
preference, Acrobat defaults to your new setup until you change it. You’ll learn about the
Acrobat interfaces in Chapter 2.
The window on the left side of the interface in Figure 1-4 is the Navigation pane. You click
the various tabs in the Navigation pane to access features that you use to advance to various
elements within a PDF document, such as document bookmarks or page thumbnails. You’ll learn
how to navigate within a PDF document in Chapter 3. The window in the center of the interface
is the Document pane. This is where you view the Acrobat document you’re working on. On the
right side of the interface, you’ll find a new addition: the How To..? pane. You use the How To..?
pane to get task-oriented information. The How To..? pane does double duty by displaying different
choices and windows when a large number of command options are available, for example when
you use the Search command.

Enhanced Acrobat Tabs

In Acrobat you use tabs, previously known as palettes in Acrobat 5.0, to perform various tasks
such as to navigate within the PDF document or to display a list of elements used in the PDF file.
In Acrobat 6.0, you have the following new tabs at your disposal:

■ Content The Content tab is opened from the View menu. This tab shows the elements
in a document and is used to reflow the structure of the document without changing the
author’s content.
■ Comments The Comments tab is located near the bottom of the Navigation pane. You
use the Comments tab to display a list of all comments within a PDF document and to
navigate to their respective locations within the document. When you display comments,
the tab expands horizontally to fill the lower part of the interface.

CHAPTER 1: Get to Know Adobe Acrobat 6.0 13

■ Info The Info tab is opened from the View menu. This tab is a window that displays
the X,Y coordinates of the mouse. You may find this tab useful for aligning objects such 1
as form fields. You’ll learn how to create forms in Chapter 14.
■ Fields (Professional Only) The Fields tab is accessed from the View menu. The Fields
tab is used to display all form fields contained in a PDF document.
■ Layers The Layers tab is opened from the View menu. The Layers tab is used to
display layers present in the document.
■ Tags Tags are the metadata—the description of the structure of the elements contained
within the document. This metadata can be exported to XML.

Navigation pane Document pane How To..? pane

FIGURE 1-4 You can easily customize the Acrobat workspace to suit your preference.

14 How to Do Everything with Adobe Acrobat 6.0

Enhanced Export and Import Features

Acrobat 6.0 makes it possible to repurpose PDF content for other formats. You can use the Export
All Images command to extract images from PDF files in either JPEG, JPEG 2000, PNG, or
TIFF image formats. You can use the Save As menu command to export PDF content in EPS
or PS format. You can also save the current PDF document as an HTML, JPEG, JPEG 2000,
Microsoft Word, PNG, Text, TIFF, or XML file as well as an RTF (Rich Text Format) file.

New Menu Commands

In Acrobat 6.0, you have new menu commands available to streamline workflow and increase
productivity. In upcoming chapters, you will find in-depth information about the following new
commands:

■ Reduce File Size The Reduce File Size command is used to create a document with a
smaller file size. When you choose this command, the graphic elements of the document
are compressed, resulting in a poorer quality document with a smaller file size.
■ Save As Certified Document The Save as Certified Document command enables you
to verify the contents of a document with your digital signature. You can also restrict
editing of the document by other parties to ensure the integrity of the document.
■ Add Headers And Footers The Add Headers and Footers command allows you to add
a header and/or footer to the document.
■ Add A Watermark The Add A Watermark command gives you the capability of
adding a watermark to a document. This command is useful when you want to include
visible corporate identification with a document.
■ Automatically Scroll The Automatically Scroll command makes it easy for you to
browse through a long document. You can change the scrolling speed and stop scrolling
when you find a part of the document you want to examine in detail.
■ Paper Capture The Paper Capture command enables you to convert a scanned
document into searchable text.
■ Create PDF The Create PDF command encompasses the different methods of creating
a PDF document within Acrobat. You can use the command to convert single files, multiple
files of different formats supported by Acrobat, web pages, scanned images or documents,
and clipboard images to PDF documents.

In addition, there is an Advanced section of the menu bar where you’ll find commands to
make documents accessible to the visually impaired, launch the Acrobat Distiller, work with
JavaScript in the document, and more.

CHAPTER 1: Get to Know Adobe Acrobat 6.0 15

Create a PDF Document 1

The flexible tools in Acrobat give you several different options for producing a PDF document.
You can create PDF documents from within an authoring application, capture them from
documents you scan, or capture them from web sites.
After you create or open a PDF document created by another author, you can add interactive
elements such as text hyperlinks, image hyperlinks, and with Acrobat Professional, multimedia
elements such as QuickTime movies, Flash SWF movies, and sound files. You can append an
existing PDF file by inserting other documents. You can also do other housekeeping chores such
as extract graphic elements from a PDF file, crop the file to delete unwanted elements, or remove
unnecessary pages from the document. Acrobat has a set of Touch Up tools that let you make
minor modifications to graphic and text elements in the document. If you need to extensively
modify text in a PDF document, it is better to save it as an RTF or Word file and edit the exported
file in a text editor or Microsoft Word. After you edit the file, you can then use the Print command
to access the Adobe PDF printer and convert the edited file back to PDF format.

Create PDF Documents from Authoring Applications

The easiest way to create a PDF document is to create a file in an authoring application and then
convert it to a PDF file. You can create PDF files from any of these popular Microsoft programs
(Microsoft Office 97 or newer):

■ Microsoft Word Microsoft Word is a word processing application. Within limits, you
can add graphic elements to the content.
■ Microsoft Excel Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program. Excel also has limited
support for graphic elements.
■ Microsoft PowerPoint Microsoft PowerPoint is software used to create presentations.
A PowerPoint presentation is similar to a slide show. You can add graphic elements to
your presentation and then convert it to a PDF file. The slide show transitions and other
effects are preserved in the resulting PDF document.
■ AutoCad (Professional Only) AutoCad is a 2-D and 3-D drafting software used to
design products. The software can be used to create, view, and share design drawings.
■ Microsoft Project (Professional Only) Microsoft Project is project management
software. With the software, you can track schedules and project resources, as well as
communicate and report the project status to others.
■ Microsoft Visio (Professional Only) Microsoft Visio is used to create floor plans,
flowcharts, software diagrams, and more. The software dovetails seamlessly with
Microsoft Project to create project schedules.

When you install Acrobat, it detects the Microsoft products previously listed and installs the
Adobe PDF shortcut shown on the following toolbar. The icon on the left converts the current
document to a PDF file. The icon in the middle converts it to a PDF file and launches your

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16 How to Do Everything with Adobe Acrobat 6.0

default e-mail program, enabling you to send the PDF file as an e-mail attachment. The icon on
the right converts the document to a PDF file and sends the file for review. Acrobat also adds an
Adobe PDF menu to the Microsoft Office application. This menu gives you one additional command,
the ability to change conversion settings. You’ll learn how to convert Microsoft Office documents
to PDF documents in Chapter 5.

Convert to Adobe PDF Convert to PDF and send for review

Convert to PDF and e-mail

If you own certain Adobe products such as PageMaker and Photoshop, you can use a plug-in
to export a document in PDF format. Other illustration programs such as CorelDraw, Quark, and
Freehand also have the capability to export files in PDF format.
You can publish PDF files from any other application you use to generate images, illustrations,
or text files. When you install Acrobat, Adobe PDF is added as a system printer. To publish a
PDF file directly from an authoring application, choose the Print command and then choose
Adobe PDF from the list of available printers. You can then open the PDF file in Acrobat to add
enhancements such as links and form fields.

Create PDF Documents from EPS Files

If you create illustrations and documents in illustration or page layout programs and publish files
in EPS or PS format, you can convert these files to PDF format with Acrobat Distiller. After
you launch Distiller and select an EPS or PS file, select one of the preset Distiller Conversion
Settings or create your own conversion setting. You use Conversion Settings to optimize a PDF
file for an intended destination, such as print, screen, or the Web. You can use Distiller to create
complete PDF documents or to convert an illustration to PDF format. For example, if you are a
graphic designer, you can use Distiller to create a PDF proof of an illustration you are creating
for a client. After you save the file in PDF format, you can then e-mail it to a client for approval.
You can quickly create a PDF document by dragging and dropping a supported file icon
from your desktop onto the Acrobat shortcut icon. After you release the mouse button,
the file opens in Acrobat. If the file is not supported, Acrobat displays a circle with a
diagonal slash. If you have the Distiller shortcut on your desktop, you can create a
PDF document by dragging and dropping an EPS or PS file onto the Distiller icon.

Create PDF Documents for the Internet

If you design web sites, you can use PDF documents in a variety of effective ways. For example,
you can create a product catalog, interactive PDF tutorials, or publish a manual all in PDF

CHAPTER 1: Get to Know Adobe Acrobat 6.0 17

format. The web site visitor can choose to view the document in the Web browser or download
the complete file for future viewing. Most popular Web browsers support Adobe Reader 6.0 as a 1
plug-in or helper application. Figure 1-5 shows a published document as displayed in Internet
Explorer. Note that the figure shows a document displayed in the plug-in version of Acrobat
Standard, not Adobe Reader 6.0.

Capture Web Sites as PDF Documents

If you do a lot of research on the Internet, you can capture web pages for future reference. When
you capture a web page, Acrobat downloads the text and graphic elements from the web page,
complete with hyperlinks. If you want to add additional pages from the same site to the PDF file,
simply click the desired hyperlink in the captured page and Acrobat will append the document by
downloading the linked page. You can use the Acrobat Web Capture feature to download complex

FIGURE 1-5 Acrobat is available as a plug-in or a helper application for most popular
web browsers.

18 How to Do Everything with Adobe Acrobat 6.0

Send PDF Documents via E-Mail

You send a PDF document via e-mail when you need to share information with a coworker
or client who may or may not have the program you used to create the original document. If
you create the document in a Microsoft Office application supported by PDFMaker, you can
e-mail it directly from the authoring application; otherwise, you can open the file in Acrobat
and e-mail it from there. Sending PDF documents via e-mail will be discussed in detail in
Chapters 5 and 13.

tutorials from the Internet and save them as PDF files for easy reference. If you download
numerous web pages for reference and own Acrobat Professional, you can create a searchable
index of your reference files with the Catalog command. The following illustration shows the
dialog box that appears when you use Web Capture to download a web page. You’ll learn how
to capture web pages in Chapter 6.

Send PDF Documents for Review

With the click of a button in a Microsoft Office application you can convert a document to
PDF format and then initiate an e-mail or browser-based review. You can also initiate reviews
from within Acrobat using menu commands. After you begin a review, you can use the
Review Tracker to keep tabs on the reviewing process.

CHAPTER 1: Get to Know Adobe Acrobat 6.0 19

Convert Scanned Documents to PDF Format 1

If you have hard copies of documents, such as contracts or product brochures, that you need to
share with coworkers or clients, Acrobat is very user-friendly. You could send the documents by
fax, but in most cases what your recipient receives isn’t anything near a reasonable facsimile of
the original. To overcome the difference in resolution and quality of fax machines, create a PDF
file for the document you want to share. If you have a scanner hooked up to your system, the
Acrobat install utility adds the TWAIN information of the scanner as a device in the Create PDF
from Web Page dialog box. Then it’s simply a matter of choosing From Scanner from the Create
PDF task button or menu. After you scan the document into Acrobat, save it as a PDF file and
then e-mail it. When your document is received and viewed in Adobe Reader 6.0, it looks identical
to what you scanned into Acrobat. As an example, you can also use the Scan command to archive
dog-eared magazine articles for future reference in PDF format. A new Acrobat feature enables
you to convert the scanned document into searchable text, a powerful feature if you scan multipage
magazine articles or documents for conversion to PDF files. You learn how to convert scanned
documents to PDF files in Chapter 6.

Create PDF Documents for Print

In previous versions of Acrobat, you had few options to print a hard copy of a PDF file. After you
optimize a file for print, Acrobat 6.0 gives you more options for sending the file to the output device.
The Print dialog box in Acrobat 6.0 has an Advanced button. When you click the Advanced button,
a separate dialog box opens, allowing you to specify print options previously unavailable to Acrobat.
If you own Acrobat Professional, you can specify options such as trim marks, transparency levels,
and the capability of omitting images when printing a proof of the PDF file. If you use Acrobat
Professional, you can view and print separations.

Create Interactive PDF Documents

When some Acrobat users create PDF documents for the first time, they tend to think that the
document will be read in linear fashion. However, the Acrobat Link tool lets you create documents

Paperless Publishing
The planet on which we live has limited resources, resources that we have been taking for
granted for hundreds of years. Paper is one of those resources. Whenever paper is used to
publish a document, trees will inevitably have to be chopped down and processed into paper
to replenish the supply. Trees should be sacrificed sparingly as they give oxygen to our
planet. As you explore the possibilities of Acrobat, think of ways you can use the software to
cut down on your paper usage. For example, if you work in the Human Resources department
of a large organization, consider using Acrobat Professional to convert documents such as
W-2 forms and employee evaluation forms into PDF documents that can be filled out and
submitted via your corporate intranet.

20 How to Do Everything with Adobe Acrobat 6.0

that can be navigated like web pages. You can use the Link tool to change static text or images
into hyperlinks. When you create a link in a PDF document, it serves many purposes. You can
use the link to open up another PDF document, to navigate to a specific page in the current PDF
document, to link to a URL on the Web, and much more. A link in a PDF document functions
identically to a link in an HTML page. When you drag your mouse over the link, the cursor changes
to a pointing hand. Interactive navigation for PDF documents is covered in Chapters 7 and 8.

Create PDF Documents for Multimedia Presentations

(Professional Only)
The age of electronic education is very much upon us. Fluctuating demands in the workplace
make lifelong learning a necessity. People in all stages of life need to increase their knowledge
base. Most lifelong learners don’t have time for formal classroom education and instead use
online education to learn at their own pace. Online learners can log on and take a lesson according
to their schedule. Other lifelong learners purchase interactive CD-ROMs and play the discs in
their spare time to educate themselves.
If, on the other hand, you’re authoring a PDF document for an online or CD-ROM presentation,
you can accomplish the task with Acrobat. When you create a PDF document for an online or
CD-ROM presentation, Acrobat Professional gives you the necessary tools to elevate your
presentation to the next level. Multimedia is the current buzzword for online education, educational
CD-ROMs, and business presentations. With Acrobat Professional, you can create PDF documents
with multimedia elements such as movie clips, music, and the spoken word. You can use the
Sound tool in Acrobat Professional, or the Sound Attachment tool in Acrobat Professional and
Acrobat Standard to add a prerecorded sound clip to a document. After you add interaction, you
can create links within the document to play multimedia clips or have them play when a document
page is opened. In Chapter 15, you’ll learn to create PDF files with multimedia elements.

Create PDF Documents for Internal Distribution

Many modern companies realize the futility of using paper to distribute information. Paper is
bulky, it takes up room, and it is an expensive way to distribute written information with a short
life span. If the company is a multilocation operation, there is also the cost of transporting
published documents between locations. A much better solution for disseminating information
is the PDF document. It can be efficiently distributed over the corporate intranet, sent via e-mail,
or distributed on disk. An employee manual in print form might take up hundreds of pages plus
a hefty portion of the employee’s workspace. The same document can be created in PDF format
and distributed to employees on a floppy disk or CD-ROM. A PDF employee manual uses fewer
resources, is easier to distribute, and is easier to use. An employee looking for specific information
can use the powerful Acrobat Search command (as shown in Figure 1-6) to navigate to specific
information.
You can also use PDF documents to distribute memos. If you author a confidential memo,
you can password-protect the document and add Acrobat security measures to prevent editing by

CHAPTER 1: Get to Know Adobe Acrobat 6.0 21

FIGURE 1-6 The Search command makes it easy to locate specific information in a
multipage document.

unauthorized personnel. If you need to edit a confidential document, you can always change the
security settings to allow editing and then disable editing after you have made the changes.
When you create a document for internal distribution, recipients can sign off on the document
using the Digital Signature feature. Digital Signatures and document security are discussed in
Chapter 11.

Create a PDF Form (Professional Only)

Acrobat Professional 6.0 has advanced tools that you can use to create forms to accumulate data.
You can create forms complete with text boxes for collecting data, radio buttons and check boxes
for selecting form options, and buttons for navigating the form or submitting the form data to a
Web server. You can even create a drop-down list of form choices. You can use CGI (Common

P:\010Comp\HowTo8\946-2\ch01.vp
Thursday, May 22, 2003 1:50:17 PM
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
EXTERIOR OF TEMPLE AT MITLA.
"On the outside the buildings at Mitla were built up with blocks of hewn stone,
and covered with a mosaic laid in stucco, and composed of stone of different
colors. The doors and windows are square, and have lintels of hewn stone,
and altogether the buildings had quite a resemblance to those of the ancient
Egyptians.
"There is a tradition at Mitla that vast amounts of treasure are concealed in
the temples and surrounding grounds, and the earth has been repeatedly dug
over in the search for these things. Under one of the temples is a chamber, in
which there is an upright column of stone, called the 'Pillar of Death.' The
natives believe that any Indian who clasps his arms around this pillar will die
in a short time, but white men are not in any such danger."
CHAPTER XXVIII.
"THE MYSTERIOUS CITY;" STORIES AND RUMORS
CONCERNING IT.—ACCOUNTS OF STEPHENS AND
MORELET.—FATE OF TWO YOUNG AMERICANS.—DON
PEDRO VELASQUEZ.—CARMEN AND CAMPEACHY.—
UNDERGROUND CAVES.—HOW LOGWOOD IS
GATHERED; ITS COMMERCIAL IMPORTANCE.—THE
QUEZAL AND ITS WONDERFUL PLUMAGE.—SNAKES
AND SNAKE STORIES.—TRAVELLERS' TALES.—
PROGRESO AND SISAL.—HOW THE YUCATAN
RAILWAY WAS BUILT.—AGAVE SISALANA.—
DISCOVERY AND CONQUEST OF YUCATAN.—A
FEROCIOUS POPULATION.—REBELLIOUS INDIANS
IN YUCATAN; HOW THEY TREAT VISITORS.—TOWNS
AND VILLAGES DEPOPULATED.
While considering the accounts of the ruins of ancient cities in Mexico and the
countries bordering it, our young friends came upon allusions to a "mysterious
city," somewhere in the unexplored region of tropical forests lying to the
southward. Their curiosity was excited, and they wondered if such a city really
existed.
IN THE FOREST.
They found that two explorers, Stephens and Morelet, believed in its
existence, and though they tried hard to reach it were unable to do so.
Stephens learned of it from the cura of Quiche, a native town of Guatemala,
who claimed to have looked upon the city from the wall of rock surrounding
the valley where it stands. He had heard of it many years before at the village
of Chajul. He was then young, and had climbed to the top of the ridge which
the Indians indicated, and from his elevated stand-point looked down upon
the plain and the white walls and towers of the city glistening in the sun. It
covered a large area, and its people were advanced in the arts and capable of
making a vigorous defence against all intruders.

JOHN L. STEPHENS.
"Wouldn't that be an expedition worth making?" said Frank to Fred, after they
had read the account in Mr. Stephens's book. "Just think of it! to be able to
discover the mysterious city which no white man has ever returned from!"
"Yes, that's the tradition concerning it," was the reply. "Several white men
have gone there, but no one has ever returned from it to tell the story of
what he saw."
"Writers on the subject are not very encouraging," said Frank, "as they assert
that the Indians in this mysterious city murder every white man who comes
within their boundaries. Not even the Spanish padres are permitted to enter,
and they are usually able to go where no other white man dare try to
penetrate."
Frank read and reread all the attainable descriptions of the mysterious city,
and his imagination was fired almost to the degree of explosion. "The
inhabitants understand," he remarked, "that a white race has conquered the
rest of the country, but they are determined not to be conquered. They have
no coin or other circulating medium, no horses, cattle, mules, or other
domestic animals except fowls, and they keep these underground so that the
crowing of the cocks will not be heard."
Probably Frank's belief was largely influenced by the circumstance that such a
careful explorer as Stephens accepted the story as true; in speaking of it he
uses these words: "I conceive it to be not impossible that in this secluded
region may exist, at this day, unknown to white men, a living, aboriginal city,
occupied by relics of the ancient race, who still worship in the temples of their
fathers."
In writing an introduction to the narrative of the travels of Arthur Morelet,
who spent several years in that country, and evidently believed in the
existence of the mysterious city, Mr. E. G. Squier says as follows:
"There is a region lying between Chiapas, Tabasco, Yucatan, and the Republic
of Guatemala, and comprising a considerable portion of each of those States,
which, if not entirely blank, is only conjecturally filled up with mountains,
lakes, and rivers. It is almost as unknown as the interior of Africa itself....
Within its depths, far off on some unknown tributary of the Usumasinta, the
popular tradition of Guatemala and Chiapas places the great aboriginal city,
with its white walls shining like silver in the sun, which the cura of Quiche
affirmed he had seen with his own eyes from the tops of the mountains of
Quezaltenango."
A Guatemalan gentleman, Don Pedro
Velasquez, claims to have accompanied two
young gentlemen of Baltimore, who
succeeded in reaching the mysterious city a
few years after the account of Stephens
was published. Having once reached the
city they were not harmed; but when they
attempted to escape they were seized, and
one of them was sacrificed on the altar of
the Sun, after the manner of the Aztec
sacrifices already described. The other
made his escape, but was so badly
wounded that he died in the forest. Don
Pedro and a few Indians who accompanied
the young gentlemen managed to get away
with their lives, but only by running great
risks. The account he gives of their
adventures is not very clear, and it has not
SEEKING THE MYSTERIOUS secured a prominent place in the history of
CITY. scientific explorations.
A few years ago an enterprising American
naturalist, Mr. F. A. Ober, was on the borders of this unexplored region, and
was greatly tempted to venture alone in search of the mysterious city, and
particularly to learn about the fauna and flora that abound in its vicinity. It
would have been madness for him to have undertaken the journey, and he
wisely refrained from doing so; he is still of opinion that the examination of
this unknown and unconquered region offers a fine field for the naturalist, and
for societies engaged in promoting scientific investigation.
After mature deliberation Frank and Fred concluded that the exploration of
this unknown region was not practicable just at that time, but they would
keep it in mind, and perhaps might lead an expedition thither at some future
day.
Doctor Bronson suggested that in the mean while they could amuse
themselves by reading "The Phantom City," a romance based upon the stories
told by Stephens and others. He thought that the romance might contain hints
which would be useful in case they should fit out their expedition. "At all
events," said he, "it is an interesting story, and will well repay perusal."
The steamer made a brief halt at Carmen, an insignificant town on an island
on the coast, and then proceeded to Campeachy, where she anchored about
five miles from shore. There was quite a ground-swell on the sea, which
would have made a journey to the shore somewhat uncomfortable, with the
possibility, in case the wind increased, of being detained there until the next
steamer happened along. So our friends concluded to acquaint themselves
with Campeachy by looking at it from the deck of the vessel; all day they lay
there, and long before the sun went down the youths were impatient to be on
their way.
As they looked upon the white walls of the city glistening in the sun, it was no
great stretch of the imagination for them to believe they were repeating the
experience of the cura of Quiche, and gazing from the top of the mountain
chain which he claims to have ascended. They learned that Campeachy was
once of more importance than it is to-day; it has a population of 20,000, and
is built of a white limestone that is very abundant in the neighborhood. Its
houses are nearly all of but one story in height, and the city is surrounded by
walls which were built by the Spaniards when they founded a settlement here.
An interesting feature of Campeachy is the great number of subterranean
caves in the hills on which it stands, some of them natural and some artificial.
These caves were made by the Indians long ago; most of them have been
explored in search of treasure, of which very little was obtained. Numerous
skulls and skeletons were found there, and it is evident that the caves were
used as burial-places, and are much like the catacombs of Oriental countries.
A few of them have been utilized as cellars by the inhabitants, but only a few;
the Indians of to-day have a good many superstitions concerning the caves,
and look with an unfriendly eye upon any one who desecrates them.

CAMPEACHY TOBACCO.
A lighter came alongside with some cargo for the steamer, and Frank made a
note of what it brought. There were hides of cattle, deer-skins, sugar in bags
made of the pita plant, bales of that textile product, beeswax, and a
considerable quantity of Campeachy cigars. The tobacco grown in the States
of Campeachy and Tabasco is of very good quality, and the cigars are often
sold for "Havanas" in foreign markets.
Frank learned that logwood is an important article of trade on this part of the
coast, but it is mostly shipped on sailing-vessels, on account of the lower
charge for freight. Carmen has a considerable commerce in logwood, which
grows so extensively that there is no immediate danger of the exhaustion of
the supply, especially as its cultivation has extended to other countries by
planting the seed or transplanting the young trees.
"Logwood is used for dyeing purposes," wrote Frank, after he had informed
himself concerning it, "and also in medicine. There is a belief that it is used by
wine-makers in coloring claret quite as much as for dyeing cloth or leather.
The tree is usually about twenty-five feet high and fifteen inches in diameter.
Only the 'heart' of the trunk contains the dyeing substance, and this is the
part exported, the outer sap-wood being cut off in the forest as soon as the
tree is felled. The logwood-cutters have a hard life, and their business is less
profitable of late years, owing to the extensive use of aniline dyes."

THE QUEZAL.
A passenger who came on board the steamer at Campeachy had as part of his
baggage a cage containing a bird of remarkable plumage. It presented a
variety of colors—green, golden, red, and white—and its tail feathers were so
long that they seemed out of all proportion to the size of the creature's body.
Frank and Fred were immediately attracted to it, and asked what it was.
"It is a quezal, or quetzal," was the reply, "which was at one time the sacred
and imperial bird of Mexico. The one you see here is not a fine specimen.
Sometimes you find these birds with the tail feathers four feet long; and in
ancient times none but the emperors were permitted to wear them. Perhaps
you saw the feather cloak of Montezuma in the museum at the capital? Well,
the feathers that adorn that cloak came from the quezal, and the bird is so
rare that it takes a long time to gather feathers enough to make a single
garment.

DIFFICULTIES OF TRAVEL IN
CAMPEACHY.
"The quezal is still regarded with much respect by the Indians of this part of
the country and of Central America, but less so than in the days of the
Montezumas. As it darts through the forest its feathers flash like a moving
rainbow, and remind us of the accounts that Eastern travellers have given of
the bird-of-paradise. It is rarely taken alive, and is so shy that the hunter can
only approach it with difficulty.
"This region abounds in birds," continued his informant, "and also with less
pleasing things to meet—snakes. Some of the serpents are large and others
are venomous. It is a fortunate thing for travellers in the forest that the snake
seeks safety in flight when he can do so, and does not voluntarily attack man.
Birds and small animals are his prey, and he takes them after the same
fashion as the serpents of the rest of the world."
Fred asked what was the most dangerous of the serpents of this tropical
region.
"The worst I know of," was the reply, "is the vivora de sangre, which causes
the blood of man or beast to sweat through the pores of the body until the
veins are exhausted and the victim dies in a state of utter weakness. It is
literally a case of bleeding to death, though not in the ordinary way of
opening the veins."
Then he told of another serpent called the mica, or whipping-snake, which
when irritated flattens its head upon the ground and seems to fasten it there.
Then it lashes on either side with its tail like a whip, and it strikes a blow of
wonderful force when its size is considered.
Then followed an extended conversation upon the natural history of
Campeachy and the regions bordering it, but the youths did not take further
notes, and so we are unable to repeat what was said. Some of the stories of
the traveller were impressed on the mind of Frank more on account of their
improbability than for any other peculiarity.
He told about serpents thirty feet long that suspended themselves from trees
which overhung path-ways, and swooped down upon cattle, sheep, and other
animals that came within their reach. Frank asked if human beings were
exempt from their attacks, and the stranger replied that those who ate plenty
of chili colorado with their food were not disturbed, or at any rate the snake
would not swallow them, as he wasn't fond of red pepper. He might kill them
before finding out the fact, but as soon as he had done so he would
respectfully turn aside and seek other game.
Then followed a story about another variety of snake that kills a bird on its
nest and then proceeds to coil affectionately about the eggs and hatch them
out. When the young birds appear he cares for them tenderly, bringing them
food in the daytime, and at night nestling over them to protect their
unfeathered bodies from the cold and dampness.
"And I suppose," said Frank, "that when he has reared them to a suitable size
he proceeds to eat them up."
As to that the stranger could give no information, and accordingly the youth
concluded that the narrative was not based upon personal observation.
From Campeachy the steamer held her course to Progreso, the principal port
of Yucatan. That honor formerly belonged to Sisal, but the advantages of
Progreso caused it to be preferred, and now it is the seat of commerce. Not
that the harbor amounts to much, as the shallow coast prevents vessels of
more than a few feet draught from coming anywhere near it. The passengers
were landed in a large row-boat that danced very uneasily upon the waves
and disturbed the digestion of some who thus far had borne the movements
of the sea without objection. It was a long pull to the shore, but they reached
it in safety and resigned themselves to the custom-house officials who were
waiting at the landing-place.

The inspection was not very rigorous, as the passengers were from another
Mexican port and not from foreign lands; in fact it was nothing more than a
form, and was quickly over. Then the strangers had a half-hour in which to
inspect the town of Progreso; they inspected it and had fifteen minutes to
spare. The place is simply a shipping-point, and nobody lives there except
those whose business connects them with marine matters. It is surrounded by
swamps and is damp and unhealthy. It was desirable to get away from it as
soon as possible, as it seemed an excellent spot for incorporating fever-germs
into the system. The population is less than 2000, not including the tenants of
the cemetery, which is said to be liberally patronized.
TROPICAL RAILWAY TRAIN AND STATION.
Merida, the capital, is about thirty miles from Progreso, and connected with it
by railway. The train rolled slowly along, taking nearly three hours for the
journey; but as it has no competition it has no occasion to hurry. Passengers
sometimes complain of the snail-like speed, and are told that they can
possibly do better by getting out and walking. Our friends made no complaint,
as they realized that even at a pace not exceeding ten miles an hour it was
much better than no railway at all. The engine and cars were of American
make, and the conductor was a New Yorker who had become so bronzed by
the sun as to be readily taken for a Mexican.
"This railway was built like a good many other lines in Mexico," said a
passenger on the train who fell into conversation with Doctor Bronson and the
youths. "All the material was brought from foreign countries and landed at
Progreso; it was then hauled in carts to Merida, and the line was built from
Merida towards the sea. The same ideas prevailed as in the case of the line
between Vera Cruz and the city of Mexico; the peace of the country would be
endangered if the railway should be constructed from the sea-coast inland.
"The story goes that the contractor received a liberal subsidy from the
Government only on condition that he built from Merida, and as he began to
use the line as soon as he had five or six miles completed, he made money by
the operation. There is another story, that he was allowed to charge a high
price for passengers while the road was under construction, but must come
down to a low figure when it was completed.
"The result was that the contractor stopped work before reaching the coast,
and did not resume for a long time; there was a mile or so of unfinished road,
and this gave him an excuse for exorbitant rates for passengers. Complaints
were so numerous that the Government was obliged to interfere and compel
him to carry out the spirit as well as the letter of his contract."

FLOCK OF PELICANS.
Frank watched from one side of the train while Fred kept a sharp eye out on
the other. Soon after starting, the train passed a lagoon which abounded in
aquatic birds—duck, teal, egrets, herons, curlews, snipe, pelicans, and the
like. Were it not for the liability to fevers, owing to the unhealthy miasmas
rising from the lagoon, the region would be an attractive one for sportsmen.
Even with its drawbacks a fair number of hunters find their way there, and
some of them praise the locality in glowing terms. After passing the lagoon
the road reaches the coral rock which is the foundation of Yucatan and
supports a thin and rather dry soil.
The youths thought they were again among fields of the maguey plant and
haciendas for pulque-making as soon as the solid ground was reached, but
their new acquaintance undeceived them.
SISAL-
HEMP.
"These fields that stretch for miles in every direction between the coast and
the capital," said he, "are not covered with the maguey from which pulque is
made, but with henequin. Henequin belongs to the aloe family, as does the
maguey, and it is from this plant that a variety of fibre like hemp is produced.
When Sisal was the seaport the product took its name; it is known in
commerce as sisal-hemp, though very little of it comes directly from that place
at present. It grows, like the maguey, on rocks or very thin soil where nothing
else can flourish, and it requires no water or but very little. Take away the
henequin plant and the fibre made from it, and Yucatan would be seriously
crippled in its commerce. Considerable corn is raised, but it is mostly needed
for home consumption. The value of the sisal-hemp export is above three
millions of dollare annually, sometimes exceeding and sometimes falling below
that figure.
"Yucatan has no rivers," he continued, "and the planters depend entirely upon
rains for irrigation. These are supplied by the moisture from the Gulf of
Mexico, and if this should fail the country would soon become a desert."
The gentleman then gave some information relative to the cultivation of
henequin and the preparation of the fibre which we will reserve for a later
page, when the youths have had an opportunity to see the process. Fred
made note of the fact that the plant was indigenous to Yucatan, and used for
the production of fibre long before the advent of the whites. Its exportation in
large quantities is a matter of recent times, and is steadily increasing.
Henequin is grown from shoots which are cut from the base of the old plants.
Three years after the shoots are set out the plant is large enough for a first
crop of leaves to be cut; the cutting goes on for twelve or fifteen years, and in
the mean time new shoots are set out every year, so that a plantation is
constantly being renewed. When the plant is at its full size the leaves are four
or five feet long. After a plantation is fairly under way, and producing
regularly, it requires very little attention.

INDIANS OF YUCATAN.
The scientific name of sisal-hemp is Agave Sisalensis or Agave Sisolana;
properly speaking, it is not hemp at all, and reminds us of the peddler of "hot
mutton-pies" who replied, when a customer complained that his wares were
frozen, "hot mutton-pies is the name of 'em." The true hemp is an annual
plant, supposed to be a native of India, whence its culture has spread through
the world, and it has no resemblance whatever to henequin, or Agave
Sisalana.
While we have been talking on this and other topics the train has been rolling
on towards Merida. Frank recorded in his note-book that Yucatan was first
seen by the eye of a white man in 1506, and was first visited and partially
explored in 1517 by Hernandez de Cordova. The visit of Cordova was not
altogether encouraging, as the Indians killed or wounded all but one of his
companions, among the wounded being Bernal Diaz, the historian of Cortez.
Not discouraged by his injuries, Diaz came the following year to Yucatan with
Grijalva, and in 1519 with Cortez to the same country and Mexico.
Mexico and its treasures attracted attention for the next decade or two, and
very little thought was given to Yucatan. In 1537 a settlement was effected;
but the Spaniards were opposed by a ferocious people, and found time for
nothing but fighting until 1540, when they defeated the natives in a great
battle on the present site of Merida. After conquering the country they found
they had achieved a barren victory, as Yucatan contained neither gold nor
silver, the object of all the Spanish conquests in the New World.
After their defeat the Indians seem to have accepted the situation, and
acknowledged themselves vassals of the Spaniards. They became Christians,
like the people of Mexico, and though they may have been somewhat
perplexed in their endeavors to reconcile the precepts and practices of the
religion of the white men from beyond the sea, they did not find it worth
while to argue vigorously with their masters. From an exceedingly warlike race
they became a peaceable one, though they might have been otherwise had
their country contained gold and silver mines, in which they would have been
put to work as slaves.
According to history, they did not forget all the arts of war or lose their
instinct for it. In 1761, and again in 1847, they rebelled against the
Government and made a great deal of trouble; and even at the present time
there is a section of the country where the Indians are living in open hostility
to the authorities. A few thousand of them in the eastern part of Yucatan have
made a great deal of trouble, causing towns and villages to be abandoned in
consequence of the raids which they make at irregular intervals. Several times
they have come into the neighborhood of Merida and caused a great deal of
excitement.
Frank and Fred heard terrible stories about these Indians, and were cautioned
not to go anywhere near their country. "If they get hold of a white man," said
their informant, "they cut him to pieces immediately without waiting for any
explanation, or else they take him to one of their villages and torture him in
the most cruel manner for the amusement of the women and children. They
live among the hills, swamps, and forests of the south-eastern part of the
country, and though several expeditions have been sent against them, it
seems impossible to penetrate to their retreats. They have a very little trade
with the English residents of British Honduras, but refuse to allow them to
enter their country; one Englishman who had dealt with them for several
years ventured to go there, and was never seen or heard of again.
"They are constantly making threats of destroying Merida, and as these
stories are circulated they greatly alarm the timid portion of the inhabitants. It
is not likely that they really intend anything of the kind, as they would
probably be defeated, but they know the value of rumors and keep them
constantly circulating. In this way they have diminished the population and
business of Valladolid more than one-half. It was once a prosperous city, but
is now languishing, and many of its houses are in ruins."

RETREATING FROM HOSTILE INDIANS.

CHAPTER XXIX.
RAILWAY-STATION AT MERIDA.—PUBLIC
CONVEYANCES.—THE CALESA.—A RIDE THROUGH
THE STREETS.—WHEN MERIDA WAS FOUNDED.—
PRACTICAL MODE OF DESIGNATING STREETS.—
PUBLIC BUILDINGS.—CASA MUNICIPAL.—DRESS
AND MANNERS OF THE PEOPLE.—INDIANS,
SPANIARDS, AND MESTIZOS.—A CITY OF PRETTY
WOMEN.—CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAYA RACE.—
THE MESTIZO QUARTER.—SCENES IN THE MARKET.—
BREAKFASTING AT A MEDIO RESTAURANT.—EUCHRE
OR YUCCA.—USES OF THE YUCCA PLANT.—
GAMBLING IN YUCATAN.—LA LOTERIA; HOW IT IS
PLAYED.—AMERICAN COUNTERPART OF THE
YUCATEO GAME.—A POPULAR ASSEMBLAGE.

IN THE OUTSKIRTS.
The train rolled into Merida and halted under the walls of an old convent that
has been converted into a public hospital. As the passengers emerged from
the station Frank and Fred were impressed with the listlessness of the cab-
drivers, who did not seem to care whether they obtained customers or not.
They stood or sat idly near their vehicles, and one was sound asleep on his
box, where he evidently did not wish to be disturbed for so trivial a matter as
earning a living.

THE CALESA.—ENTRANCE OF A MERIDA HOUSE.

The carriages in waiting were of various kinds. That which first caught the
eyes of the youths was a calesa, a sort of chaise carrying two persons, the
driver being seated on the horse; the shafts were of unusual length, and the
weight was so placed that fully one-third of it rested on the animal, in addition
to that of the driver. The wood-work was bright with paint and gilding, and
over the frame was drawn a cover of white linen to ward off rain and dust
together with the heat of the sun, which is by no means light in Yucatan. Fred
suggested that it was a wise provision of nature to seat the driver on the
horse, as he could not conveniently go to sleep there.
A somewhat rickety carriage to hold four persons was secured, and in this
conveyance the travellers proceeded to the only hotel of which Merida can
boast. Until recently the place had no hotel whatever, and strangers were
obliged to hunt lodgings for themselves or apply to their consular
representative or a foreign merchant. Even as it is, a letter of introduction to a
resident is a very useful document. Few travellers go to Merida, and the
universal testimony of those who have been there is that the residents are
hospitable. The same may be said generally of the inhabitants of the towns,
villages, and haciendas throughout Yucatan.
The streets of Merida are broader than those of many other Mexican cities,
but their pavement does not attract attention by its excellence. The houses
are of stone, and mostly but a single story in height. The entrance is generally
through an arched door-way into a court-yard, and the windows that face the
street are invariably grated and nearly all without glass. The construction of
the houses suggests Moorish and Spanish architecture, together with some
features peculiar to the dwellings of the natives.
Merida stands on the site of a native city, where a great and decisive battle
was fought in 1540. According to the Spanish historians, there were 200
Spaniards against 40,000 Indians. Doubtless the figures are not exact, but it is
quite likely that the defeated army was vastly superior in numbers to the
invaders. The Spaniards had, of course, the advantage of fire-arms, as they
had in the conquest of Mexico, and we have seen in previous pages what a
great advantage it was. The Indians had only spears, swords, and bows and
arrows, and their bodily defences were tunics of wadded cotton. These tunics
were efficient against their own kind of weapons, but of little use to repel a
musket-ball. The cannon of the Spaniards created terrible havoc among them,
and one chronicler says that when the Indians were heavily massed the
cannon-balls tore through them and mowed down hundreds at every
discharge.
Where is now the Plaza Mayor was a mound of stone and earth at the time of
the Conquest. On the top of the mound was an altar, on which sacrifices were
made; but the natives were not as much addicted to them as were the people
of Mexico. This very circumstance had much to do with the success of Cortez
in his conquest. The Aztecs sought to take their enemies alive in order to
sacrifice them on their altars; and it is said that Cortez himself was in their
hands on two occasions. They might easily have killed him, but while they
were leading him away uninjured, in order that he should be kept for sacrifice,
he was rescued by his followers.
The mound referred to was torn down for the sake of the building material it
contained; and the same was the case with many other mounds and pyramids
in its neighborhood. Very much of the material of which Merida is constructed
was obtained from these edifices.
The streets cross each other at right angles, and Frank observed something
which he thought quite original in the naming of the streets. Here is his
memorandum on the subject:
"For the convenience of the Indians who could not read or write Spanish, or
anything else, in fact, the streets were named after birds and beasts. In
addition to the Spanish name in letters there was the figure of the creature
after which the street was called. The Street of the Ox had the figure of an ox
in stone or plaster, or painted on the wall; the Street of the Flamingo
presented a tall flamingo with a beak of fiery red, and the Street of the
Elephant had a well-moulded figure of that animal with enormous trunk and
tusks. The idea is a capital one, and I'm surprised it has been so little
utilized."
"It is utilized more than you think," said Doctor Bronson, when Frank called
his attention to the subject. "You remember that in Russia and other countries
where large numbers of the population cannot read, the shop-keepers
ornament their signs with pictures of the things they have to sell; and the
custom is by no means unknown in our own land. A watch-maker hangs out a
wooden watch, a boot-maker displays a boot or shoe, and a druggist shows a
mortar and pestle. You remember how convenient it was in the far East, for
the servants who did not know a single Roman letter, that the canned fruits,
meats, and vegetables from America and England bore on their labels a
picture of the article contained in the can?"
"Certainly, I do remember," replied the youth. "After all, there's nothing new
under the sun, though the application of the idea here is something we have
not before seen."
HOUSE BUILT BY MONTEJO.
There are twelve or fifteen squares, or plazas, in the city, the most important
being, of course, the central one known as the Plaza Mayor. The cathedral and
the Casa Municipal, or City Hall, face upon this square, and on one side of it is
the oldest house in the city, dating from 1549. The city was founded in 1542
by Don Francisco de Montejo, the son of the Governor of the Province of
Yucatan, and bearing exactly the same name. Montejo, junior, was lieutenant-
governor and captain-general, and the old house just mentioned, which is one
of the sights of Merida, was built by him. The façade is ornamented with
sculptures, which are said to have been made by Indians after designs
supplied by the Spaniards. They represent the conquerors trampling on the
bodies of natives, who have been made non-resistant by the removal of their
heads. It was probably the idea of Montejo that the sight of these sculptures
would deter the Indians from any further resistance to the white men who
came from beyond the sea, and brought the Christian religion to replace the
paganism which they found here.
MUSICAL
INSTRUMENTS.
The hotel in which our friends were lodged is also on the great square,
directly opposite the old house of Montejo, which was the first building to
which the youths gave special attention. Most of the buildings fronting the
square are of more than one story; in fact, the best architecture of the place
may be said to be in that neighborhood. The Casa Municipal is an imposing
building of two stories, with broad porticos supported on arches. It has a high
tower, from which watchmen are supposed to be constantly on the lookout for
fires; though, owing to the material used in the construction of Merida, and
the absence of stoves and furnaces, fires are of exceedingly rare occurrence.

MUNICIPAL PALACE AND SQUARE, MERIDA.

"The first thing to attract our attention as we strolled through the streets,"
wrote Fred, "was the dress of the people. The men—I am speaking of the
native Indians—wear cotton trousers, or drawers, which are tight at the waist,
and descend to the knee or below it. Sometimes they have shirts on their
backs and sometimes none; but in the latter case a man is reasonably certain
to have one folded away in his hat, to be worn on state occasions or when the
rules of society demand. Some of them wear a long shirt and no trousers, and
altogether the wardrobe of a native of the lower class is not costly. Frequently
we see men with one leg of the trousers rolled up and the other hanging
down, and it is a comical sight when a half a dozen thus arrayed are grouped
together. A very noticeable feature about the shirt is that it is worn with the
'flaps' outside, like a carter's frock or 'jumper,' and not inside, as in northern
countries.
"The dress of the women is a skirt hanging from the waist to the ground, and
a white uipil, or outer garment, that hangs from the shoulders to the ground,
like a loose wrapper. It is the traditional dress of 300 years ago, and the
fashion has not changed at all in that time. On Sundays and feast days both
sexes are arrayed in spotless white, but on other days their garments are apt
to be more or less dingy. Compared to the Mexicans, the Yucateos, as the
people of Yucatan are called, are wonderfully cleanly in their dress and ways,
and it is as rare to see a dirty Yucateco as it is to see a clean Aztec. The uipil
of the women has short sleeves, and is not as high in the neck as the close-
fitted dress of New England, but is a modest and neat-looking dress, and the
whiteness of the material makes a fine contrast with the dark skin of the
wearer.

DANCING SCENE.
"Many of the women are pretty, and we do not wonder that the Spanish
conquerors were loud in their praises of the comeliness of the feminine part of
the inhabitants of Yucatan. Their eyes are black as coals, and their sight is as
sharp as that of the traditional Indian everywhere; altogether the people have
a close resemblance to the Malay race, and we have but to close our eyes a
moment to imagine ourselves once more in Batavia or Singapore.
"The people are of the Maya race, and here, in the name, we have a near
approach to 'Malay.' By some they are supposed to be an ancient people who
lived here before the advent of the Toltecs, which happened about the twelfth
century; others believe them to be a combination of two races, the Toltecs
from the west and another race from the islands of the Caribbean Sea. Landa,
Stephens, Squier, and other writers say the Mayas were the most civilized
people of America; they had an alphabet and a literature, cultivated the soil,
had rude machinery for manufacturing textile and other fabrics, possessed
sailing-vessels, and had a circulating medium which corresponded to the
money of the Old World.
"The great temples of Palenque and other cities of this part of the world were
built by this people, or by tribes and races closely allied to them; we have
shown by our accounts of Palenque and Lorillard City that these temples were
of no mean architecture, and we shall have more to say when we come to the
ruined cities of Yucatan.
"According to the Spanish historians, the people were ruled despotically by a
king, and were divided into nobles, priests, common people, and slaves. The
king, nobles, and priests held the greater part of the lands; the land of the
common people was held on the communistic principle, and each man had
enough to cultivate for the support of his family. The commoners were obliged
to supply the noble with fish, game, salt, and other things he wanted; to
cultivate his land, and follow him to war whenever he chose to go on a
campaign. In fact the condition of the peasants in Yucatan was much like that
of the subjects of a rajah of India before the English took possession of the
country, or of a daimio of Japan. They had nothing they could call their own,
not even their lives, and their condition was not at all improved by the
conquest of the country by the Spaniards, except that they were not liable to
be taken for sacrificial purposes, according to the ancient custom.
NATIVE VILLAGE IN THE INTERIOR.
"Slavery has been abolished, and imprisonment for debt is no longer allowed
by law; but every man between the ages of twenty-one and fifty can be
drafted for military service. When so employed he receives six cents a day and
supplies his own food!
"Merida has a population of about 50,000, by far the greater number of them
being of Indian blood either pure or mixed. There is a large proportion of
mestizos, or half-castes, and they are the handsomest part of the population.
We have seen some mestizo women who could compete successfully in a
beauty show including Mrs. Langtry and all the other 'professionals' of the
day. The mestizos inhabit a part of the town by themselves, where their
thatched huts stand in quarter-acre lots planted with grass and trees. These
huts are said to be very much like those occupied by the Indians before the
Conquest.
"You know we always go to the market-place in every strange city that we
visit, and may be sure we did not omit that of Merida. It is not unlike the
market-places of Mexican cities in general, but has some features peculiarly
its own.
"Half the population of the city seemed to have gathered there—Indians,
mestizos, Spaniards, foreigners, and dogs; and there was a hum of voices
which never ceased for an instant. The manners of the natives are more
pleasing than those of the people in the markets of Mexico. They chat good-
naturedly and with many a smile, as though they enjoyed coming to the
market without regard to whether they sell anything or not. A great deal of
bargaining is necessary in making purchases, for the Indian has no notion of
the value of time; and for the matter of that, the tropical resident, whatever
his nationality, is rarely in a hurry. We passed many picturesque groups, fruit-
sellers with their wares in broad baskets, their heads wrapped in rebozos
either white or colored, and their eyes shining like little globes of polished
anthracite set in their brown skins.

FRUIT-SELLERS IN THE
MARKET-PLACE.
"These fruit-sellers were so numerous near the entrance of the market that it
was no easy matter to get past them into the open space beyond. A medio
would buy all the oranges, bananas, or mangoes that one would care for.
Frank and I invested two medios (twelve cents) in oranges, and distributed
them to a lot of boys that were strolling through the place. They took the fruit
with an air of gratitude combined with dignity, and during the rest of our stay
several of them followed us about in the hope that our princely generosity
would be renewed.
SITTING FOR HER
PORTRAIT.
"The square where the market was held was filled with little shelters to keep
off the heat of the sun. These shelters were made by sticking up poles so as
to hold a piece of matting or common cloth in a horizontal position. Under
each of these impromptu tents a vender was seated, generally a woman or a
girl, and the articles for sale were spread on the ground. Eggs, fruit, lettuce,
peas, beans, and kindred products of the garden were thus displayed; and the
wonder seemed to be that nobody trod upon the wares, which were certainly
endangered by careless feet. Mules and donkeys with large panniers on each
side brought loads of things to be disposed of, but the greater part of the
burdens were borne on the backs of men. Occasionally a man on horseback
appeared in the market, and once in a while a policeman showed himself,
though his presence did not appear to be needed at all. We did not hear or
see anything that approached a quarrel, and were told that fights were of
very rare occurrence.
"Some of these shelters are restaurants on a small scale, and one day we
went to the market to take a medio breakfast, being assured that it was one
of the sensations of the country. We sought one of the most attractive
restaurants we could find, and squatted on the ground close to the one
individual who was proprietor, chef, head-waiter, waiter, and everybody else.
Our breakfast was a stew of frijoles, chile con carne, and tortillas. It was
served to us in jicaras, or half-shells of some kind of tree-fruit whose name
we did not learn. No spoons or forks were supplied. We used the tortillas for
spoons, and afterwards devoured them in true Mexican style. As Sam Weller
said of veal-pie, a medio breakfast in a Yucateo restaurant is 'werry fillin'' at
the price. The Yucateos are as devoted to the tortilla as are the inhabitants of
the rest of Mexico, and the native cooks are expert in its manufacture.

IN THE MARKET-PLACE.
"While in the market we met our acquaintance of the railway-train. His first
question was as to whether we had seen how the natives practise gambling,
and his second, 'Have you tried euchre?'
"We thought it a singular question, and Frank replied that neither of us played
that or any other game of cards.
"He laughed and said, 'I don't mean euchre; I mean yucca.'
"We looked rather puzzled I'm sure, and then with another laugh he pointed
to a pile of something that looked very much like 'ruta-baga' turnips, such as
cattle are fed with in some parts of the United States.
"'That,' said he, 'is yucca, and it belongs to the same family as the maguey
and henequin.' As soon as he said this we remembered to have seen the plant
in Mexico. We had just been talking about the fondness of the people for
gambling, and hence our misunderstanding.
"We bought a medio's worth of the article and tasted it. The flavor was
something like that of a sweet turnip, and not at all disagreeable. I can readily
understand that one might become fond of it, and our friend said that it was
quite nutritious. The root is eaten by the natives, the fibres furnish a textile
fabric like henequin, and soap is made from the stalk and leaves. Recently an
enterprising American has manufactured a preparation for the hair from the
yucca plant, and it is said to possess remarkable powers for restoring hair to
heads that for years have been as smooth as an ostrich-egg.
"While on the subject of gambling we will mention the popular amusement of
la loteria, or 'the lottery.'
"Our guide took us into a large hall, which is open to the public, or rather to
anybody who can force his way through the dense crowd at the door. All
classes seemed to have assembled there; rich and poor were seated at the
same tables, and their object seemed to be amusement rather than gain. The
stakes were very small, ordinarily a medio, and in a few instances dos reales.
The room was hot as an oven, brilliantly lighted, every foot of standing and
sitting room was occupied, and white people of all grades in life, gentlemen as
well as ladies, negroes, Indians, and mestizos crowded together at the tables,
which were in two rows the whole length of the hall.
"The amusement is licensed by the Government, which sells sheets of paper
for a real each on which the game is played. It is done by a combination of
numbers all the way from one to ninety. These numbers are arranged on the
paper or cards in different combinations, no two cards being alike.
"Each player buys a card and places it in front of him on the table. Then a hat
or a basket is passed around, and each one puts in his medio or whatever
else the stake may be. When the money has all been collected and the
amount of the stake announced, the game begins. In addition to his card
each player has a pile of grains of corn in front of him, and a stick with which
to rap on the table when the time to do so arrives.
"The object is to get a row of five numbers on the cards from the numbers
which are drawn, and the one who first gets a row wins the purse. On a
platform, in full view of everybody, is a man with a bag containing wooden or
ivory balls, on which the numbers from one to ninety are painted. When the
game is to begin, this man draws a ball from the bag and announces the
number upon it, and the player who finds that number on his card places a
grain of corn over the figures. One after another, numbers are called out in a
voice that rises above all the confusion of sounds with which the place is
filled, and each time a number is called it is marked with the corn.
"Everybody is intently watching his card, and there is a crowd of spectators
looking over the shoulders of the players. Men, women, children—white,
black, yellow, and all other colors possible to humanity—are there; and so are
all the dresses of Yucatan, from the uniform of the high official and the satin
or silk of the grand dame of society down to the cotton garb of the Indian,
and quite likely his bare shoulders with no garb at all. Three-fourths of those
present are smoking, and the atmosphere is like a morning fog, only a great
deal worse.
"By-and-by somebody raps sharply on the table with his stick to indicate that
he has made a row of five numbers, and stands up in his place. Then the man
on the platform calls the drawn numbers again, and if the announcement of
the row is correct the winner takes the purse. As the stake is small, he does
not win a great deal; but evidently he is the envy of his less fortunate
neighbors.
"Mistakes occur sometimes, and then there is a tumult, in which knives may
be drawn and things become very lively for the bystanders. We did not stay
long in the place, you may be sure, but we came away convinced that la
loteria is less ruinous to the pockets of the players than many other games of
chance.
"An American gentleman with whom we talked on the subject said that this
game is not unlike one known in some other parts of the world under the
name of 'keno.' He told us that there were many other forms of gambling in
Yucatan, most of them being forbidden by the Government, and consequently
played less openly than the lottery. He told us that there was heavy gambling
in the clubs; in some of them the play is only for gold, silver being considered
too insignificant and bulky for the amusement of gentlemen.
"We thought it was very much to the credit of the people of Merida that the
utmost good-nature seemed to prevail in the dense crowd at the hall we
visited. We did not hear a rude word, or witness a rude act of any kind; and
the only exceptions, we are told, is when there is a quarrel growing out of the
drawing of the numbers from the bag."

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