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 1. A social category of people who share a common culture (i.e., language, national background, or religion) is
referred to as a(n) _____ group.
a. minority
b. dominant
c. racial
d. ethnic

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 228
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

2. In order for a group to be considered an ethnic group they must

a. look different than the members of other ethnic groups.
b. speak the same language as other members of the group.
c. share an identity they see as different from that of others in society.
d. have a shared system of norms and values.

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 228
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

3. Which of these statements regarding the variability of a group's ethnic identity is true?
a. A group's ethnic identity is constant; it does not change over time.
b. Ethnic identity may form or is strengthened when a group is excluded from participation by more powerful
social groups.
c. Ethnic identity can only change when one changes their place of residence or marries someone of another
ethnicity.
d. Ethnic identity is always imposed involuntarily.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 228
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 1

 4. Which of these statements regarding race is true?
a. Race is a socially constructed category.
b. Racial categories in a society reflect differences in the biological makeup of individuals.
c. Race is assigned based on scientific investigation.
d. Racial categories are the same in countries throughout the world.

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 229
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

5. Racial groups are defined by:

a. religious beliefs.
b. the cultural and social norms within a society.
c. biological characteristics.
d. how the groups have been treated and labeled historically.

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 229
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: MODIFIED

6. How does the concept of race compare between Brazil and the U.S.?
a. In the U.S., a person with any amount of Black ancestry has historically been designated as Black; this has
not been the case in Brazil.
b. In Brazil, a person with any amount of Black ancestry has historically been designated as Black; this has not
been the case in the U.S.
c. In the U.S. and in Brazil, one's racial categorization is strongly influenced by one's social class status.
d. In Brazil, race is determined by religious standards.

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 228
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 2

 7. Which of these statements regarding the racial system in Brazil is false?
a. In Brazil, a person is considered Black only if they have no discernible White ancestry.
b. A person who might be considered Black in the U.S. would be considered white in Brazil if they had high
socioeconomic status.
c. Brazil has successfully created a nation in which there is no social inequality based on race.
d. The racial system in Brazil is different from that of the U.S.

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 229
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

8. Sociologists refer to the process by which something or someone is perceived as having racial characteristics as
_____.
a. racialization
b. racial formation
c. ethnogeneration
d. ethnicity identification

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 229
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

9. John has a mixed-race background. Which of the following is true of John with regard to his racial category?
a. He fits well into categories of race.
b. He is able to define his own social category of race.
c. He is someone who determines how he is categorized.
d. He defies biological categories typically used to define race.

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 230
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
TOPICS: Applied
OTHER: MODIFIED

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 10. What is the current practice of the U.S. Census for reporting one's race?
a. A person may select a single race as their identity.
b. A person may select what they consider their primary, and also their secondary, racial identity.
c. A person may select as many racial categories as they feel applies to them.
d. A person may select a single ethnicity.

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 230
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED

11. Which of the following statements about race is true?

a. Official recognition of race by the government matters.
b. Racial formation occurs in youth.
c. Biological characteristics are the major determinants of race.
d. Individuals may have a single race but multiple ethnicities.

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 232
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

12. What is the most important factor for determining the racial categories within any society?
a. The beliefs and interests of the most powerful group(s) in society
b. The amount of difference in ancestry or "blood" that different groups have
c. The degree to which members of different groups differ from each other biologically
d. The language that each group speaks

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 232
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

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 13. In the 1890 U.S. Census, which of the following was not a racial classification?
a. Chinese
b. Quadroon
c. Black
d. Hispanic

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 230
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

14. The historical process in any society by which a group comes to be defined as a race is called _____.
a. racial formation
b. immigration contact theory
c. the principle of physical salience
d. engendered racism

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 232
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

15. The process of racial formation is supported by:

a. family members.
b. the government.
c. religious organizations.
d. social institutions.

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 232
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

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 16. Which of these is an illustration of the concept of out-group homogeneity?
a. Members of some minority groups are perceived as being very similar to the dominant group in society.
b. Members of a set of minority groups, such as Laotians, Chinese, Japanese, and Indonesians, are
perceived as being similar enough to share a general category (Asian).
c. Members of all groups considered minority groups in a society are perceived as having the same biological
backgrounds.
d. Members of some ethnic groups, such as Italian, German, and French, are considered similar enough to
the dominant group so they are no longer considered minority groups.
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 233
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

17. Which of the following does not apply to all minority groups?
a. Possessing characteristics generally considered different from the dominant group
b. Being smaller in number than the dominant group
c. Sharing a sense of group identity
d. Experiencing prejudice and discrimination in society

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 233
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

18. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a racial or ethnic minority group?
a. They possess characteristics considered different from those of the dominant group.
b. They suffer prejudice and discrimination within the society by the dominant group.
c. Group members share a sense of solidarity and identity.
d. Group members share common beliefs.

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 233
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

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 19. Which of these statements regarding the judgments people make about others is false?
a. People make quick assessments and judgments about others in order to save time.
b. The judgments people make enable them to process a great deal of information very quickly.
c. Quickly categorizing the people one meets is a very common and widespread practice.
d. Most of the time the quick judgments that people make are remarkably comprehensive and accurate.

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 233
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.02 - Define and give examples of stereotype interchangeability.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

20. Stereotypes are:

a. generally only applied to a dominant groups within any society.
b. oversimplified statements of belief about members of a particular group.
c. understood to apply only to a few members of any particular group.
d. generalizations about minorities groups by the dominant group.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 233
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.02 - Define and give examples of stereotype interchangeability.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED

21. A teacher assumed Ryan is like all Lebanese people. He is experiencing _____.
a. in-group homogeneity effect
b. racial formation
c. ethnicization
d. out-group homogeneity effect

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 232
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
TOPICS: Applied
OTHER: MODIFIED

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 22. The _____ principle states that people categorize others on the basis of what appears initially prominent and
obvious about them.
a. stereotypic
b. salience
c. prejudice
d. perception

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 233–234
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.02 - Define and give examples of stereotype interchangeability.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED

23. Which of the following is not a salient characteristic specified by the text?
a. Hair texture
b. Tone of voice
c. Skin color
d. Nose shape

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 233–234
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.02 - Define and give examples of stereotype interchangeability.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

24. Which of the following statement is true about salient characteristics?

a. Salient characteristics are not culturally specific.
b. Salient characteristics change over time.
c. Salient characteristics differ in various countries.
d. Salient characteristics are constant over time.

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 233–234
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.02 - Define and give examples of stereotype interchangeability.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

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 25. When it comes to gender stereotypes
a. men are generally stereotyped more negatively than women.
b. the same stereotypes are most often applied to both men and women.
c. stereotypes about women are more negative than those about men.
d. men are not subject to stereotyping.

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 234
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.02 - Define and give examples of stereotype interchangeability.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

26. The principle of _____ holds that stereotypes, especially negative ones, are often applied similarly from one group
to another.
a. cultural relativism
b. stereotype interchangeability
c. selective identity
d. universal applicability

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 234
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.02 - Define and give examples of stereotype interchangeability.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED

27. Jokes that use humor to stereotype a group as stupid or inept are often repeated substituting different ethnic
groups. This is an example of the concept of ______.
a. cultural relativism
b. stereotype interchangeability
c. selective identity
d. universal applicability

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 234
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.02 - Define and give examples of stereotype interchangeability.
TOPICS: Applied
OTHER: PICKUP

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 28. A traditional stereotype of African Americans is that they are inherently lazy. This stereotype has also been
applied to Hispanics, Polish, and Irish groups. This is an example of _____.
a. cultural relativism
b. stereotype interchangeability
c. ethnic inferiority
d. retrospective determinism

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 234
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.02 - Define and give examples of stereotype interchangeability.
TOPICS: Applied
OTHER: PICKUP

29. The stereotype of people being “snooty, aloof, condescending, and phony,” are most likely attributed to which social
class?
a. Middle-class
b. Lower-class
c. Upper-class
d. Upper-middle class

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 233
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.03 - Understand the difference between prejudice and racism.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: NEW

30. Prejudice is:

a. always positive.
b. usually negative.
c. neither positive nor negative.
d. equally positive and negative.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 235
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.03 - Understand the difference between prejudice and racism.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

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 31. _____ is the evaluation of a social group based on misconceptions about the group.
a. Racism
b. Prejudice
c. Discrimination
d. Bias

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 235
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.03 - Understand the difference between prejudice and racism.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

32. A prejudiced person is likely to have:

a. positive attitudes toward members of both in-group and out-group.
b. positive attitudes toward members of an in-group and negative attitudes toward members of an out- group.
c. negative attitudes toward members of an in-group and positive attitudes toward members of an out- group.
d. negative attitudes toward members of an in-group and out- group.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 235
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.03 - Understand the difference between prejudice and racism.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED

33. How do strongly prejudiced people end up that way?

a. Some people seem to naturally have negative feelings about others who are not like them.
b. Children are rarely prejudiced until they enter school and are influenced into prejudice by their peers.
c. Socialization leading to prejudiced attitudes occurs in the family, as well as through the media and peers.
d. Deviant individuals are more likely to be prejudiced than conforming individuals.

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 235
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.03 - Understand the difference between prejudice and racism.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: MODIFIED

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 11

 34. Research on socialization leading to prejudiced attitudes indicates that
a. children tend to be free of prejudice until around the ages of 9 or 10 years old.
b. there is a close correlation between the racial and ethnic attitudes of parents and those of their children.
c. children and young adults who believe they can think for themselves are able to avoid taking on their
parents racial or other prejudices.
d. most people today are unaffected by parental prejudices since the media has become so important.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 235
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.03 - Understand the difference between prejudice and racism.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED

35. While prejudice is an attitude, discrimination is _____.

a. internal
b. overt behavior
c. hidden
d. a belief

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 235
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.03 - Understand the difference between prejudice and racism.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED

36. Research on discrimination in housing has found that

a. discrimination in housing is less important than other forms of discrimination.
b. when two people of different races apply for the same housing both are equally likely to be accepted or
turned down.
c. members of minority groups are frequently turned down for housing in situations in which a White person
is not.
d. reverse discrimination, or discrimination toward a White person is equally as common as discrimination
against minority group members.
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 236
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.03 - Understand the difference between prejudice and racism.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED

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 37. Which of these statements about economic inequality is true?
a. The gap between the income of Whites and the income of Blacks and Hispanics has remained much same
over time .
b. The median income of Blacks and Hispanics has remained very flat since the 1950s.
c. Although still unequal, per capita income for Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics has been growing at the same
rate since 1967.
d. There is little data on the relative incomes of Whites and members of minority groups.

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 236
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.03 - Understand the difference between prejudice and racism.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED

38. Measurements of economic inequality indicate that

a. the income gap between Blacks and Whites has closed in recent years.
b. net worth among all groups is now relatively equal.
c. the poverty rate is higher for Blacks and Hispanics than it is for Whites and Asians.
d. poverty among members of racial minority groups has been increasing since the 1960s.

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 236
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.03 - Understand the difference between prejudice and racism.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

39. Re-drawing the boundaries of school districts and election districts in order to maintain racial segregation is
called ______.
a. gerrymandering
b. redlining
c. outsourcing
d. outlining

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 236
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.03 - Understand the difference between prejudice and racism.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

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 40. As a result of gerrymandering, _____ remains a problem in the U.S.
a. economic inequality
b. residential segregation
c. racism
d. the digital racial divide

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 236
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.03 - Understand the difference between prejudice and racism.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

41. Sociologists find that racism

a. is the perception and treatment of members of a racial group as inferior.
b. is limited to individual behavior.
c. involves actions, not attitudes.
d. has practically disappeared in the U.S. since Barack Obama was elected as the president.

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 237
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.03 - Understand the difference between prejudice and racism.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

42. According to the text, there are different forms of racism. Overt, obvious racism, such as physical violence or the
use of racial slurs is termed ______.
a. aversive racism
b. old-fashioned racism
c. covert racism
d. neo-racism

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 237
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.03 - Understand the difference between prejudice and racism.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

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 43. Consistently avoiding contact with people of different races than one's own would be considered an example of
_____.
a. old-fashioned racism
b. aversive racism
c. neo-racism
d. traditional racism

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 237
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.03 - Understand the difference between prejudice and racism.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

44. Which of the following is not an element of laissez-faire racism?

a. Subtle and persistent negative stereotyping
b. A tendency to blame blacks for the gap in economic standing
c. Resistance to policy efforts to alleviate racially oppressive practices
d. An inability to understand non-racist viewpoints

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 238
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.03 - Understand the difference between prejudice and racism.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

45. Holding the belief that one does not notice racial differences, and that discussing race only perpetuates racism,
would be considered ______.
a. old-fashioned racism
b. traditional racism
c. color-blind racism
d. institutional racism

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 238
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.03 - Understand the difference between prejudice and racism.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

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 46. Blaming Blacks for economic inequality and resistance to policies that might alleviate racial oppression is
considered ______.
a. traditional racism
b. aversive racism
c. color-blind racism
d. symbolic or laissez-faire racism

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 238
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.03 - Understand the difference between prejudice and racism.
TOPICS: Applied
OTHER: PICKUP

47. If an administrator engages in institutional racism he or she is able to apply which of the following?
a. Party
b. Class
c. Power
d. Prestige

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 238
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.03 - Understand the difference between prejudice and racism.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

48. Which of the following is the best example of institutional racism?

a. Airport security procedures that specify people who appear to be Middle Eastern should be scrutinized
more closely than others
b. A waiter refusing to serve a Black man who sits in his section
c. Dr. Jones, a professor, claiming she doesn't even notice the color of her students' skin
d. A landlord who will never rent to anyone who has dark skin

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 238
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.03 - Understand the difference between prejudice and racism.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: MODIFIED

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 49. Racial profiling is an example of _____.
a. color-blind racism
b. institutional racism
c. aversive racism
d. Jim Crow racism

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 2328
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.03 - Understand the difference between prejudice and racism.
TOPICS: Applied
OTHER: MODIFIED

50. _____ is the psychological theory that argues that members of the dominant group vent their frustrations and
aggressions toward minority groups instead of the real source of their frustration.
a. Contact theory
b. Scapegoat theory
c. Pluralist frustration theory
d. Functionalist theory

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 239
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.04 - Define and distinguish the different forms of racism.
TOPICS: Applied
OTHER: PICKUP

51. According to a fairly old psychological theory of prejudice and racism, the tendency to rigidly categorize other
people, to rigidly conform, and be intolerant of ambiguity is part of a(n) _____.
a. authoritarian personality
b. repressed personality
c. subordinate personality
d. stereotypic personality

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 239
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.04 - Define and distinguish the different forms of racism.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

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 52. The assimilation perspective argues that in order to be full members of society members of minority groups must
adopt as many aspects of the dominant culture as possible. This perspective pertains to which type of
sociological theory?
a. Conflict theory
b. Functionalist theory
c. Symbolic interaction theory
d. Authoritarian personality theory

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 239
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.04 - Define and distinguish the different forms of racism.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

53. Contact theory argues that under certain conditions interactions between Whites and members of minority groups
will reduce prejudice within both groups. This theory is a type of _____ theory.
a. functionalist
b. conflict
c. symbolic interaction
d. social exchange

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 239
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.04 - Define and distinguish the different forms of racism.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

54. The process by which a minority becomes socially, economically, and culturally absorbed within the dominant
society is called _____.
a. cultural relativism
b. assimilation
c. amalgamation
d. cultural affiliation

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 239
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.04 - Define and distinguish the different forms of racism.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 18

 55. Contact theory argues that interaction between Whites and minorities will reduce prejudice on part of both groups if
all of the following conditions are met, except:
a. the parties interact on equal ground.
b. the contact is sustained.
c. social norms favoring equality are agreed upon by the participants.
d. all parties agree to work to reduce the prejudice.

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 240
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.04 - Define and distinguish the different forms of racism.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

56. Which theory argues that race and ethnicity are socially constructed categories?
a. Functionalist theory
b. Social conflict theory
c. Symbolic interaction theory
d. Social exchange theory

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 239
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.04 - Define and distinguish the different forms of racism.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

57. ​
In the debate as to whether class or race is more important as the source of inequality, sociologist William
Julius Wilson argues that:
a. the disadvantaged status of minority groups is more a matter of race than class.
b. ignoring skin color and cultural differences is the only way to solve the country's problems of racism.
c. changes in the economic structure are more important than race in shaping the life chances of different
groups.
d. the social construction of race is a myth.

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 240
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.04 - Define and distinguish the different forms of racism.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: MODIFIED

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 19

 58. The view that race intersects with class to shape one's experience in the social structure is a perspective related to
_____.
a. functionalism
b. conflict theory
c. symbolic interaction theory
d. social exchange theory

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 240
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.04 - Define and distinguish the different forms of racism.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

59. The situation for women in society should be studied separately within each social class because differences
between men and women are not the same in every racial or class group. This is an argument of the ______
perspective.
a. intersection
b. functionalist
c. symbolic interactionist
d. social exchange

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 240
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.04 - Define and distinguish the different forms of racism.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

60. The perspective that argues that minority groups' life chances result from the opportunities formed by the
interactions of class, race, and gender is called _____.
a. functionalist perspective
b. the intersection perspective
c. social interaction perspective
d. social exchange perspective

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 240
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.04 - Define and distinguish the different forms of racism.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: MODIFIED

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 20

 61. According to _____, social change is a slow and gradual process.
a. functionalism
b. conflict theory
c. symbolic interaction theory
d. social exchange theory

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 239
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.04 - Define and distinguish the different forms of racism.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

62. _____ believe that social change results from organized social movements and other forms of resistance to
oppression.
a. Functionalists
b. Conflict theorists
c. Symbolic interactionists
d. Social exchange theorists

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 240
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

63. Understanding race and ethnicity as social constructions is a significant contribution of _____.
a. functionalism
b. conflict theory
c. symbolic interaction theory
d. social exchange theory

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 240
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.04 - Define and distinguish the different forms of racism.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

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 64. At the time of their "discovery," Native Americans had:
a. a common language.
b. heterogeneous cultures.
c. suffered devastating diseases.
d. shared values.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 241
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

65. Which of these statements regarding the position of Native Americans in this country is false?
a. Native American populations were devastated by European diseases from which they had no immunity
b. Only about one-fourth of Native Americans live on or near reservations today.
c. Historical accounts have underrepresented the vast cultural and social heterogeneity of tribes prior to
European conquest.
d. Today Native Americans have the highest poverty rate of any group in the U.S.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 241
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

66. Central to the operation of slavery was the belief that:

a. people can change castes.
b. human beings could be property.
c. domination of slavery did not involve the relationship between men and women.
d. individuals are less efficient than a whole society.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 242
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

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 67. Which of these statements regarding the slavery system and the position of African Americans in the U.S. is
true?
a. Enslaved Africans passively accepted their positions as slaves.
b. The Emancipation Proclamation marked the end of the economic exploitation of enslaved Blacks in
southern agriculture.
c. The northern migration of Blacks from the South to the North in the U.S. only served to worsen conditions
due to the creation of urban ghettos.
d. Remnants of the slavery caste system remain in the U.S. today.

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 242
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED

68. A problem with the terms "Latino" and "Latina" is that they
a. only refer to Mexican Americans and are not inclusive.
b. refer only to Latin Americans in the U.S. for several generations.
c. do not reflect the diversity of groups who are included in the category.
d. are not used by sociologists.

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 243
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

69. Which of these statements is true about the status of Puerto Rico relative to the U.S.?
a. Puerto Rico is a state in the United States of America.
b. Puerto Rico is a colony of the U.S.
c. Puerto Rico is a commonwealth with its own constitution.
d. Puerto Rico has no formal relationship with the U.S.

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 244
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

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 70. Which of the following is not considered a Latino group?
a. Puerto Ricans
b. Cubans
c. Mexicans
d. Hawaiians

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 244–245
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

71. The original entry of Mexican Americans into the U.S. was the result of
a. military conquest.
b. treaty terms negotiated at the end of the Spanish American War.
c. flight from a repressive political regime.
d. illegal migrations across the border into California and Texas.

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 243
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

72. _____ created a class system within the Chicano community.

a. Capitalism
b. A few wealthy ranchers
c. Slavery
d. A social structure of exclusion

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 243
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 24

 73. The Jones Act of 1917
a. banned further immigration from Puerto Rico.
b. extended U.S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans.
c. closed the border with Mexico.
d. permitted Cubans to enter following the Cuban Revolution.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 244
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

74. Operation Bootstrap was launched after WWII to attract U.S. corporations to Puerto Rico. What was the
overall outcome of Operation Bootstrap?
a. Rapid overall growth in the Puerto Rican economy
b. Reduced unemployment in Puerto Rico
c. Significantly higher wages for workers
d. Decreased wages for both Puerto Ricans and U.S. workers

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 244
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

75. When unemployment became very severe in Puerto Rico during the early to mid-1970s, the U.S. government
responded by
a. encouraging Puerto Ricans to migrate to the U.S. to find work.
b. attempting to reduce the Puerto Rican population to the extent of promoting sterilization of women.
c. providing more opportunities for millions of Puerto Ricans to obtain a college degree.
d. banning further immigration from Puerto Rico.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 244
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

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 76. The 125,000 Cubans who entered the U.S. in 1980 during the "Mariel boat lift," were largely _____.
a. professionals
b. skilled workers
c. persons considered "undesirable"
d. middle class and college educated

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 245
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

77. Chinese immigrants began migrating to the U.S. in the mid-19th century because:
a. they desired the "American Dream."
b. the Chinese government pushed them out.
c. they were seeking religious freedom.
d. the U.S. needed workers.

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 245
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

78. The most recent Asian Americans to migrate to the U.S. have come from _____.
a. China
b. Japan
c. the Philippines
d. Laos and Cambodia

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 245
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

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 79. The 1913 Alien Land Law of California limited ownership and prohibited land from being inherited. This law was
aimed at preventing ______ from establishing themselves in the U.S.
a. Mexican
b. Japanese
c. Chinese
d. Irish

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 245
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

80. The largest concentration of Koreans in the U.S. today is located in

a. San Francisco.
b. Los Angeles.
c. Washington, D.C.
d. New York.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 246
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

81. Which of these countries was made a commonwealth of the U.S.?

a. Mexico
b. Philippines
c. Korea
d. Vietnam

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 246
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

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 82. Like other immigrant groups, Middle Eastern immigrants _____.
a. spoke primarily English upon their arrival
b. formed ethnic enclaves
c. have very high poverty rates
d. were of higher classes than most Americans

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 247
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: Pickup

83. The group collectively referred to as White Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs) who settled in the "New World" did
not include the _____.
a. English
b. Irish
c. Scotch
d. Welsh

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 247
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

84. More than _____ of the world's Jewish population lives in the United States.
a. 15 percent
b. 25 percent
c. 40 percent
d. 50 percent

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 248
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

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 85. Which of these countries has the largest population of Jews?
a. The U.S.
b. Israel
c. Poland
d. Russia

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 248
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

86. Anti-Semitism is the term for:

a. hatred of people of other races.
b. fear and hatred of foreigners.
c. hatred of Jewish people.
d. hatred of Arab people.

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 248
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

87. The National Origins Quota Act of 1924 limited the number of immigrants
a. to the percentage equal to the numbers already in the U.S.
b. from Mexico and Central America.
c. who were Jewish.
d. who could enter the U.S. on temporary working visas.

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 248
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

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 88. In order to limit the number of immigrants, the U.S. government did all of the following, except:
a.
create ethnic quotas that limited the number of immigrants from places other than western and northern
Europe.
b. subject potential immigrants to literacy tests.
c. apply IQ tests in English to immigrants who were not English-speaking.
d. literally closed doors to keep immigrants out of the U.S.

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 248
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.05 - Show how sociological theory broadens our understanding of
prejudice and discrimination.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: MODIFIED

89. Persons with the _____ perspective believe that to overcome adversity and oppression, the minority person
needs to imitate the dominant White culture as much as possible.
a. assimilation
b. acculturalist
c. cultural pluralism
d. blending

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 248
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.06 - Discuss at least one common thread present in the histories
of Blacks, Mexican Americans, and Japanese Americans in the United States.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

90. A problem with the assimilation model of analysis of group relationships is that it
a. takes no account of the time that it takes certain groups to assimilate.
b. places too much emphasis on the different histories of Black and White immigrants to this country.
c. places too much emphasis on the salience of skin color as a factor affecting the assimilation process.
d. focuses too much attention on the social class of the immigrants.

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 248
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.06 - Discuss at least one common thread present in the histories
of Blacks, Mexican Americans, and Japanese Americans in the United States.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

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 91. Which of these is not a criticism of the assimilation model?
a. It does not consider the amount of time that it may take some groups to assimilate.
b. It fails to recognize that the histories of Blacks and Whites in this country have been very different and
have long-lasting effect.
c. It ignores the fact that immigrants entering the U.S. at different times have faced very different economic
conditions and demands for labor.
d. It does not account for language barriers between groups.

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 248
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.06 - Discuss at least one common thread present in the histories
of Blacks, Mexican Americans, and Japanese Americans in the United States.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

92. A Latino family lives in a neighborhood with only other Latino families. This is referred to as _________ .
a. Cultural amalgamation
b. Hypersegregation
c. Cultural accommodation
d. Cultural co-optation

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 249
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.06 - Discuss at least one common thread present in the histories
of Blacks, Mexican Americans, and Japanese Americans in the United States.
TOPICS: Applied
OTHER: PICKUP

93. When an Amish family maintains its traditions in America it is an example of ___________ .
a. assimilation
b. cultural pluralism
c. integration
d. amalgamation

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 239
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.04 - Define and distinguish the different forms of racism.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

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 94. Which of these statements about segregation in the U.S. is true?
a. De jure segregation still exists.
b. De facto segregation still exists.
c. There is very little segregation in the U.S. today.
d. Segregation is more vital today than in the past.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 249
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.06 - Discuss at least one common thread present in the histories
of Blacks, Mexican Americans, and Japanese Americans in the United States.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

95. William Julius Wilson believes the cause of the emergence of an urban underclass is
a. the "culture of poverty."
b. prejudice and racism.
c. economic and social structural deficits in society.
d. too much immigration from some areas.

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 250
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.06 - Discuss at least one common thread present in the histories
of Blacks, Mexican Americans, and Japanese Americans in the United States.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

96. William Julius Wilson rejects the _____ explanation in favor of a social/economic explanation of racial
differences.
a. Moynihan
b. culture of poverty
c. cultural deficiencies
d. inner city

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 250
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.06 - Discuss at least one common thread present in the histories
of Blacks, Mexican Americans, and Japanese Americans in the United States.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

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 97. The major force behind the most progressive social change in race relations in the U.S. was
a. an upturn is the economy during the 1960s and 1970s.
b. the Civil Rights Movement.
c. the end of the "Cold War."
d. the "Bakke decision" ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 250
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.06 - Discuss at least one common thread present in the histories
of Blacks, Mexican Americans, and Japanese Americans in the United States.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

98. The Civil Rights Movement

a. was influenced by the philosophy of Mahatma Mohandas Gandhi.
b. was the first movement working for the rights of African Americans in the U.S.
c. was originally motivated by the establishment of Affirmative Action legislation.
d. was large but ineffective.

ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: 250
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.06 - Discuss at least one common thread present in the histories
of Blacks, Mexican Americans, and Japanese Americans in the United States.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

99. The landmark Supreme Court case that established that "separate but equal" was unconstitutional was _____.
a. Plessy v. Ferguson
b. Roe v. Wade
c. Brown v. Board of Education
d. none of these

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 250
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.06 - Discuss at least one common thread present in the histories
of Blacks, Mexican Americans, and Japanese Americans in the United States.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: PICKUP

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 100. The Black Power movement of the late 1960s
a. rejected assimilation.
b. recognized the institutional power that Whites had over Blacks.
c. advocated separatism, under the leadership of Malcolm X.
d. all of the above

ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 252
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.06 - Discuss at least one common thread present in the histories
of Blacks, Mexican Americans, and Japanese Americans in the United States.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

101. The generally held primary objection to affirmative action is

a. that it has not been effective.
b. the use of quotas.
c. it doesn't go far enough to equalize education.
d. the fact that it doesn't apply to the private sector.

ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: 252
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.06 - Discuss at least one common thread present in the histories
of Blacks, Mexican Americans, and Japanese Americans in the United States.
TOPICS: Conceptual
OTHER: PICKUP

102. _________ is an example of a race-specific policy for reducing job and educational inequality.
a. Racial preference
b. Racial injustice
c. Affirmative action
d. Reverse discrimination

ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 252–253
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.06 - Discuss at least one common thread present in the histories
of Blacks, Mexican Americans, and Japanese Americans in the United States.
TOPICS: Factual
OTHER: NEW

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 34

 103. Ethnic identity emerges and changes depending upon the social circumstances.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 228
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
OTHER: PICKUP

104. People considered as the same race may have different ethnic identities.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 228
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
OTHER: PICKUP

105. The creation of racial categories is a biological process.

a. True
b. False

ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 229
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
OTHER: PICKUP

106. The U.S. Census allows individuals to identify their own race.
a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 230
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
OTHER: PICKUP

107. Different groups use different criteria to define racial groups.

a. True
b. False

ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: 231
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: SESE.ANDE.17.10.01 - Define race as a social construction.
OTHER: PICKUP

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