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Automatic Street Light Mechanism with Light Sensor

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Rohaan Kumar
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11 views

Automatic Street Light Mechanism with Light Sensor

Uploaded by

Rohaan Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL ,BISTUPUR

Automatic Street Light Mechanism with Light Sensor

MADE BY:
NAME- ROHAAN KUMAR
ROLL NO- 38
BOARD ROLL NO-
CLASS- XII A1
SESSION- 2024-25

Aim of this Experiment


The aim of this experiment is to design and
implement a street light system using a light sensor.
The primary objectives of this experiment are:

Understanding the Working Principle of


Light Sensors (LDRs)
01
Demonstrating energy
02 efficiency

Exploring Cost-Effective
03 Solutions for Smart Street
Lighting
Certificate

This is to certify that an original and genuine


investigation work has been carried out to investigate
about the subject matter and the related data
collection and investigation has been completed
solely, sincerely and satisfactorily by ROHAAN
KUMAR of Class XII A1, DAV Public School, Bistupur,
Jamshedpur, under the guidance of Mr.Awashesh
Kumar.

Signature of the Internal Signature of the External


Acknowledgement
A project is a golden opportunity for learning, self-
development and acquiring knowledge. I consider ourselves
fortunate and privileged to have wonderful mentors who
guided me through this journey for the completion of this
project successfully. My sincere thanks to Mrs. Pragya
Singh, Principal, DAV Public School, Bistupur, Jamshedpur,
for providing me with such an interesting and thrilling
project to work upon. My heartfelt gratitude to my Physics
Teacher, MR.AWASHESH KUMAR, who despite being
extraordinarily busy took time out to address all our doubts
and problems, guide me and for her patience and belief in
us. Her exemplary investment in the complete process,
constant encouragement and insightful feedback helped us
achieve our objectives. At last but not the least, I would like
to thank my family and friends whose support and co-
operation helped me make this project a success.

Table Of Contents
Contents
INTRODUCTION

Street lighting is a critical component of urban infrastructure,


ensuring public safety and security at night. Traditionally,
streetlights are controlled using fixed timers or manual
switches, which operate regardless of the environmental
conditions. However, this method is inefficient and leads to
unnecessary energy consumption, as streetlights may remain
on during daylight hours or operate in areas with sufficient
natural light.

In recent years, there has been a shift towards smart street


lighting systems that automatically adjust based on the
surrounding environmental conditions, such as the amount
of natural light available. One of the most common
technologies used in these systems is the light sensor,
specifically a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), which helps
automate the turning on and off of street lights.
WORKING
PRINCIPLE
The light sensor-based street light system operates on the
principle of detecting ambient light levels using a Light
Dependent Resistor (LDR). The LDR changes its electrical
resistance depending on the amount of light falling on it.
During the day, when sunlight is abundant, the LDR’s
resistance is low, preventing the streetlight from turning on.
As the light levels decrease at dusk or during cloudy
conditions, the resistance of the LDR increases, triggering a
relay to close the circuit and turn the streetlight on. In the
morning, as the sunlight returns, the LDR’s resistance
decreases again, causing the relay to open and turn the
streetlight off. This system ensures that the lights only
operate when necessary, providing automatic control based
on natural light conditions and improving energy efficiency.

CONSTRUCTION
APPLICATIONS

1. Urban and RuralZStreet Lighting

2 Highway Lighting

3. Parks and Community Spaces


CIRCUIT
DESCRIPTION

A DC power source (battery) supplies energy to the


POWER SOURCE
circuit.

Together, they form a voltage divider. When it gets


dark, the resistance of the LDR increases, causing a
LDR AND RESISTOR
higher voltage drop across it, which is sent to the
transistor base.

When the voltage from the LDR is sufficient, the


TRANSISTOR
SWITCH
transistor switches on, allowing current to flow to the
LED.

Glows only when the transistor allows current to


LED STREETLIGHT
pass.
STEPS TO BUILD

Circuit Assembly
Place all electronic components onto the PCB
according to the provided layout. Solder the
components following the circuit diagram,
ensuring proper connections between the LDR,
transistor, resistor, and LED

Road Construction
Cut a plastic sheet to create the base and
simulate roads on both sides. Secure toy cars to
the surface using glue

Streetlight Assembly
Securely mount a tall pole onto the board and
attach the LED firmly at the top of the pole

Testing
Connect the circuit to a battery.Use a flashlight
or cover the LDR to test light sensitivity.
CONCEPTS
INVOLVED

PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT TRANSISTOR AS SWITCH


1 2
LDR’s Resistance decreases as Transistors control the flow of

the intensity of light increases current based on the signal

received from the LDR.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY
OHM’s LAW 4
3 The project demonstrates the
Helps calculate the resistance
conservation of energy by
values needed in the circuit.
switching lights only when

necessary.
COMPONENTS
AND MATERIALS
ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS MECHANICAL COMPONENTS TOOLS

1 1. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) 1 1. Plastic Board/Base) 1 1. Soldering Iron


To sense light intensity To create the road structure.

2. Transistor 2. Plastic for Roads


2 Acts as a switch to control the 2 Simulates the streets on both 2 2. Wire
flow of electricity. Sides of the lamp.

3. Streetlight Pole
3
3. Resistors
For controlling current flow.
3 Tall vertical structure, can be
made using PVC or metal rods.

4. Toy Cars
4
4. LED Streetlight (or bulb)
To simulate the streetlight.
4 To simulate vehicles on the road.

5. Adhesives
5
5. Battery
To power the circuit. 5 To power the circuit.

6. Relay (optional):
6 For connecting high-power LEDs.

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