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Contents
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Objectives
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Introduction
• From time to time, existing technologies are always
improved and new technologies are invented.
• Presently, there are lots of new technologies under
development including the IoT, AI, AR and Big Data
which are presented in the previous chapters’ of this
course
• This chapter will cover additional emerging
technologies which will have prominent impact in the
world or in human life.
 Nanotechnology Overview
• Science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which
is about 1 to 100 nanometers.
• Nanoscience and nanotechnology
– are the study and application of extremely small things
– can be used across all the other science fields, such as chemistry, biology,
physics, materials science, and engineering
– involve the ability to see and to control individual atoms and
molecules.
• Everything on Earth is made up of atoms
– the food we eat, the clothes we wear, the buildings and houses we live in,
and our own bodies
– Atoms are the building blocks for all matter in our universe.
 Nanotechnology Applications

• Medicine: customized nanoparticles the size of molecules that

can deliver drugs directly to diseased cells in your body
• Electronic: to reduce their weight and power consumption
• Food: from how food is grown to how it is packaged
• Agriculture: from generation to preservation, handling,
bundling, transportation, and even waste treatment.
• Vehicle manufacturers: lighter and stronger materials will be
valuable for making vehicles that are both quicker and more
secure
 Biotechnology Overview

• Technology based on biology

• It harnesses cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies
and products
– help improve our lives and the health of our planet.
• One example of modern biotechnology is genetic engineering.
– the process of transferring individual genes between organisms or
modifying the genes in an organism to remove or add a desired trait
or characteristic.
• Development of new medicine, genetically modified plants,
production of chemicals, paper, textiles, and food
 Biotechnology Applications
• Medicine
– formation of genetically modified insulin known as humulin
• Agriculture
– Genetically Modified Organisms such as Crops, Animals, Plants, Fungi,
Bacteria,
• Aquaculture Fisheries
– helps in improving the quality and quantity of fishes
• Environment
–waste treatment and pollution prevention
• Industries
–production of chemicals, paper, textiles, and food
 Blockchain Technology Overview
• A list of ledgers or records (blocks) which store data
permanently & publicly in a secure, chronological, and
immutable way.
– Secured using cryptography, not controlled by a central
authority, access to anyone in the network, everyone has copy of
the data.
– Blocks are made up of digital pieces of information and have
three parts which store information:
• about transactions like date, time, and amount.
• about who is participating in transactions.
• that distinguishes them from other blocks
 Blockchain Technology Overview…..
• In order for a block to be added to the blockchain, four things must happen:
– A transaction must occur.
– That transaction must be verified
– That transaction must be stored in a block
– That block must be given a hash
• By design, a blockchain is resistant to modification of the data
• The blockchain network has no central authority; it is the very definition of a
democratized system.
• The first blockchain was conceptualized by a person (or group of people) known as
Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008.
• A blockchain carries no transaction cost.
• simple yet ingenious way of passing information from A to B in a fully automated
and safe manner. One party to a transaction initiates the process by creating a block
 Blockchain Technology The three Pillars/properties

1. Decentralization
– The information is not stored by one single entity
2. Transparency
– A person’s identity is hidden via complex cryptography and
represented only by their public address.
3. Immutability
– In the context of the blockchain, means that once something has
been entered into the blockchain, it cannot be tampered with.
 Blockchain Technology Why?

• Blockchain technology has become popular because of the

following.
 Blockchain Technology applications

• The sharing economy

• Crowd funding
• Governance
• Supply chain auditing
• File storage
– Banking, Finance, Government, Healthcare, Insurance, Media
and Entertainment, Retail.
 Cloud Computing Overview

• Delivery of on demand computing services from application to

storage and processing power over the internet on a pay-as-
you-go basis.
• Means of networking remote servers that are hosted on the
Internet.
• Deployment models
– Public, Private, Community, Hybrid
• Types
– Software as a service (SaaS), Platform as a service (PaaS),
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
 Cloud Computing Advantages

• Cost saving
• High Speed and accessibility
• Back-up and restore data
• Automatic Software Integration
• Reliability
• Mobility
• Unlimited storage capacity
 Quantum Computing Overview
• The next generation of computing using quantum physics.
– Quantum computers are big machines, need deep-freezing
• Currently, the only organization which provides a quantum computer in
the cloud is IBM.
– They allow free access to anyone who wishes to use their 5qubit
machine
• Google provided the fastest quantum computer with 53qubits and speed
of 200 seconds computation while the supercomputer took 10000
years.
– Qubit is short for a sequence of quantum bits (1, 0, or some value
between).
 Quantum Computing Advantages
• For scientists to crunch very long numbers
• Help in the discovery of new drugs, by unlocking the complex structure
of chemical molecules.
• Other uses include
– financial trading
– risk management
– supply chain optimization
• Data transferred over the internet with much safer encryption
 Autonomic Computing (AC) Overview

• Self-managing computing model named after, and patterned on,

the human body's autonomic nervous system.
• AC systems would control the functioning of computer
applications and systems without input from the user
• Its goals is to create systems that run themselves, capable of
high-level functioning while keeping the system's complexity
invisible to the user.
• Refers to the self-managing characteristics of distributed
resources, adapting to unpredictable changes while hiding
intrinsic complexity to operators and users.
 Autonomic Computing (AC) Characteristics
• Self-Awareness:“knows itself”.
• Self-Configuring: configure and reconfigure itself
• Self-Optimizing: detect suboptimal behaviors and optimize itself to
improve its execution.
• Self-Healing: detect and recover from potential problems and continue
to function smoothly.
• Self-Protecting: detecting and protecting its resources from attacks.
• Context-Aware: aware of its execution environment and be able to
react to changes in the environment.
• Open: must function in a heterogeneous world
• Anticipatory: manage itself proactively
 Computer Vision Overview
• It is an interdisciplinary scientific field that deals with how computers
can be made to gain a high level understanding of digital images or
videos.
• From the perspective of engineering, it seeks to automate tasks that the
human visual system can do.
• Computer vision tasks include methods for acquiring, processing,
analyzing and understanding digital images, and extraction of high-
dimensional data from the real world in order to produce numerical or
symbolic information.
• Computer vision is building algorithms that can understand the content
of images and use it for other applications➔ application perspective
Computer Vision How it works?
• Acquiring an image➔ Processing the image➔ Understanding
the image
• There are many types of computer vision that are used in different
ways:
– Image segmentation
– Object detection
– Facial recognition
– Edge detection
– Pattern detection .
– Image classification groups images into different categories.
– Feature matching
Computer Vision Applications
– Optical character recognition (OCR)
– Machine inspection
– Retail
– Medical imaging
– Automotive safety
– Surveillance
– Fingerprint recognition and biometrics
 Embedded Systems (ESs) Overview
• It is a controller with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or
electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints.
• It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and
mechanical parts.
• Embedded systems control many devices in common use today.
• 89% of all microprocessors manufactured are used in ESs.
• Modern ESs are often based on microcontrollers, but ordinary
microprocessors are also common, especially in more complex
systems.
• A common standard class of dedicated processors is the digital signal
processor (DSP).
 Embedded Systems Advantages & Disadvantages

• Advantages
– Easily Customizable
– Low power consumption
– Low cost
– Enhanced performance
• Disadvantages
– High development effort
– Larger time to market
Embedded Systems Basic Structure
 Cyber Security Overview
• Protection of computer systems from the theft of or damage
to their hardware, software, or electronic data, as well as from
the disruption or misdirection of the services they provide.
• Cyber crime an unlawful activity in which computer or
computing devices are used as a tool or/and target of criminal
activity
–committed by the people of destructive and criminal
mindset either for
• Revenge
• greed or adventure
 Cyber Security Measures
• Staff awareness training
• Application security
• Network security
• Leadership commitment
• Password management
 Cyber Security Types of Threats
• Ransomware: designed to extort money by blocking access to files or
the computer system until the ransom is paid.
• Malware:- designed to gain unauthorized access or to cause damage in
to a computer
• Social engineering: a tactic that adversaries use to trick you into
revealing sensitive information.
– it is the practice of sending fraudulent emails that resemble emails from
reputable sources.
– The aim is to steal sensitive data like credit card numbers and login information.
– It’s the most common type of cyber-attack
 Cyber Security Benefits & Vendors
• Business protection against malware, ransomware, phishing, and
social engineering.
• Protection for data and networks.
• Prevention of unauthorized users.
• Improves recovery time after a breach.
• Protection for end-users.
• Improved confidence in the product for both developers and
customers.
– Vendors use endpoint, network and advanced threat protection
security as well as data loss prevention
– Known venders ➔ Cisco, McAfee, and Trend Micro
 Additive Manufacturing Overview
(3D Printing)
• The construction of a three-dimensional object from a CAD
model or a digital 3D model.
• Additive manufacturing (AM) describes types of advanced
manufacturing that are used to
– Create three-dimensional structures out of plastics, metals,
polymers and other materials that can be sprayed through a
nozzle or aggregated in a vat.
 Additive Manufacturing Overview…..
(3D Printing)
• These constructs are added layer by layer in real time based on
digital design.
• The simplicity and low cost of AM machines, combined with the
scope of their potential creations,
– could profoundly alter global and local economies and affect
international security.

Reading Assignment
What is the difference between additive manufacturing and 3D printing
?

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