2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type A

couldn’t believe his decision. I tried to hold it

1. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?1) together, but inside I was falling apart. A car would be
[202410H1_18목적추론_변형] waiting tomorrow morning to take me home. And just
To the State Education Department, like that, it was over.

I am writing with regard to the state’s funding for ① The Payoff of the Wait
the construction project at Fort Montgomery High ② A Dream Fully Realized
School. Our school needs additional spaces to provide
③ A Predicted Triumph Unfolds
a fully functional Art and Library Media Center to
④ The Moment I Grasped Victory
serve our students in a more meaningful way. Despite
submitting all required documentation for funding to ⑤ An Unexpected Moment of Farewell
your department in April 2024, we have not yet
received any notification from your department. A
delay in the process can carry considerable
consequences related to the school’s budgetary
constraints and schedule. Therefore, in order to
proceed with our project, we request you notify us of
the review result regarding the submitted 3. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?3)
documentation. I look forward to hearing from you. [202410H1_20주장추론_변형]
For many of us, making time for exercise is a
Respectfully,
continuing challenge. Between work commitments and
Clara Smith family obligations, it often feels like there’s no room in
Principal, Fort Montgomery High School our packed schedules for a dedicated workout. But
what if the workout came to you, right in the midst
① 학교는 예술 및 도서관 미디어 센터를 만드는 것을 목 of your daily routine? That’s where the beauty of
표로 하고 있다. integrating mini­exercises into household chores comes
② 학교는 2024년 4월에 자금 조달에 필요한 서류를 교 into play. Let’s be realistic; chores are inevitable.
육부에 제출했다. Whether it’s washing dishes or taking out the trash,
these tasks are an essential part of daily life. But
③ 교육부는 2024년 4월에 자금 요청이 승인되었음을 학
rather than viewing chores as purely obligatory
교에 통보했다.
activities, why not seize these moments as
④ 교육부로부터 응답이 지연되면 학교의 예산과 프로젝
opportunities for physical activity? For instance,
트 일정에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. practice squats or engage in some wall push­ups as
⑤ 학교는 제출된 서류 검토와 관련하여 교육부의 통지를 you wait for your morning kettle to boil. Incorporating
기다리고 있다. quick exercises into your daily chores can improve
your health.

① Why You Shouldn’t Delay Chores

② Turn Your Chores Into a Workout
③ Hidden Benefits of Household Chores
④ Why You Must Set aside Time for Exercise
2. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?2) ⑤ The Challenge of Finding Time to Work Out
[202410H1_19심경추론_변형]
As I waited outside the locker room after a hard‐
fought basketball game, the coach called out to me,
“David, walk with me.” I figured he was going to tell
me something important. He was going to select me
to be the captain of the team, the leader I had always
wanted to be. My heart was racing with anticipation.
But when his next words hit my ears, everything
changed. “We’re going to have to send you home,” he
said coldly. “I don’t think you are going to make it.” I

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type A

deliberative, reasoned self­narrative can be. In his book

4. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?4) Blink, Malcolm Gladwell describes a variety of studies
[202410H1_21함축의미추론_변형] in psychology and behavioral economics that
When we see something, we naturally and demonstrate the superior performance of relatively
automatically break it up into shapes, colors, and unconscious first guesses compared to logical
concepts that we have learned through education. We step­by­step justifications for a decision.
recode what we see through the lens of everything we ① The Fallibility of Eyewitness Testimony
know. We reconstruct memories rather than retrieving
② The Evolution of Human Facial Recognition
the video from memory. This is a useful trait. It’s a
more efficient way to store information ― a bit like ③ Trust Your Gut: The Precision of Initial Judgments
an optimal image compression algorithm such as JPG, ④ The Art of Second-Guessing: When Overthinking Pays
rather than storing a raw bitmap image file. People Off
who lack this ability and remember everything in ⑤ The Science of Decision Making: Balancing Logic and
perfect detail struggle to generalize, learn, and make Emotion
connections between what they have learned. But
representing the world as abstract ideas and features
comes at a cost of seeing the world as it is. Instead,
we see the world through our assumptions,
motivations, and past experiences. The discovery that 6. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?6)
our memories are reconstructed through abstract [202410H1_23주제추론_변형]
representations rather than played back like a movie Many forms of research lead naturally to quantitative
completely undermined the legal primacy of eyewitness data. A study of happiness might measure the number
testimony. Seeing is not believing. of times someone smiles during an interaction, and a
* retrieve: 상기하다 ** primacy: 우위성
study of memory might measure the number of items
an individual can recall after one, five, and ten
① 목격자 진술은 항상 정확하고 객관적이다. minutes. Asking people how many times in a year
② 추상적 사고는 기억에 아무런 영향을 미치지 않는다. they are sad will also yield quantitative data, but it
③ 사람들이 보는 것은 항상 진실하며, 기억은 왜곡되지 might not be reliable. Respondents’ recollections may
않는다 be inaccurate, and their definitions of ‘sad’ could vary
widely. But asking “How many times in the past year
④ 인간은 정보를 완벽하게 기억할 수 있어 법적 증거로
were you sad enough to call in sick to work?”
서 신뢰할 수 있다.
prompts a concrete answer. Similarly, instead of asking
⑤ 인간의 기억은 과거 경험으로 재구성되며, 이에 따라 people to rate how bad a procrastinator they are, ask,
인식이 왜곡될 수 있다. “How many of your utility bills are you currently late
in paying, even though you can afford to pay them?”
Questions that seek concrete responses help make
abstract concepts clearer and ensure consistency from
one study to the next.
5. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?5)
[202410H1_22요지추론_변형] * procrastinator: 미루는 사람

In his Cornell laboratory, David Dunning conducted ① People's behaviors can reveal their tendencies.
experimental tests of eyewitness testimony and found
② Abstract concepts are hard to address in research.
evidence that a careful deliberation of facial features
and a detailed discussion of selection procedures can ③ Emotions and memories are difficult to measure
actually be a sign of an inaccurate identification. It’s accurately.
when people find themselves unable to explain why ④ Asking specific questions can shed light on abstract
they recognize the person, saying things like “his face ideas and ensure clarity.
just popped out at me,” that they tend to be accurate ⑤ The research results may remain the same regardless
more often. Sometimes our first, immediate, automatic of how the questions are framed.
reaction to a situation is the truest interpretation of
what our mind is telling us. That very first impression
can also be more accurate about the world than the

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type A

7. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?7) 9. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 9)

[202410H1_24제목추론_변형] [202410H1_29어법추론_변형]
The evolution of AI is often associated with the Digital technologies are essentially related to
concept of singularity. Singularity refers to the point metaphors, but digital metaphors are different from
① at which AI exceeds human intelligence. After that linguistic ones in important ways. Linguistic metaphors
point, it is predicted that AI will repeatedly improve are passive, in the sense that the audience needs to
② itself and evolve at an accelerated pace. When AI choose to actively enter the world proposed by
becomes self­aware and pursues its own goals, it will metaphor. In the Shakespearean metaphor “time is a
be a conscious being, not just a machine. AI and beggar,” the audience is unlikely to understand the
human consciousness will then begin to evolve metaphor without cognitive effort and without further
together. Our consciousness will evolve to new engaging Shakespeare’s prose. Technological metaphors,
dimensions through our interactions with AI, ③ which on the other hand, are active (and often imposing) in
will provide us with intellectual stimulation and inspire the sense that they are realized in digital artifacts that
new insights and creativity. Conversely, our are actively doing things, forcefully changing a user’s
consciousness also has a significant impact on the meaning horizon. Technological creators cannot
evolution of AI. The direction of AI’s evolution will generally afford to require their potential audience to
depend greatly on ④ what values and ethics we wonder how the metaphor works; normally the selling
incorporate into AI. We need to see our relationship point is that the usefulness of the technology is
with AI as a mutual coexistence of conscious beings, obvious at first glance. Shakespeare, on the other
⑤ recognize its rights and supporting the evolution of hand, is beloved in part because the meaning of his
its consciousness. works is not immediately obvious and requires some
thought on the part of the audience.

① Cognitive Effort: Truly Understanding Literature

② Linguistic and Digital Metaphors: Two Separate Domains
③ How Digital Metaphors are Shaping Linguistic Metaphors
8. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?8) ④ The Two Sides of Literary Comprehension: Passive
[202410H1_26내용불일치_변형] and Active
Douglas Kirkland, ① known for his highly artistic ⑤ Exploring the Similarity: Technical and Linguistic
portraits of Hollywood celebrities, was born in Toronto,
Metaphors explore
Canada. When he was young, he ② eagerly awaited
the weekly arrival of Life magazine and discussed the
photographs the magazine contained with his father.
Believing that he would have better career prospects,
Kirkland moved to the United States after graduated
from high school and ③ finding work at a photography
studio. When Look magazine hired him at age 24, he
became their second­youngest photographer ever. His
photos taken of Marilyn Monroe in 1961 ④ became
iconic almost instantly. Kirkland spent his weeks
shooting day­to­day life across the United States and
his weekends in exotic locations. His photo essays
could run up to a dozen pages and ⑤ were seen by
more than half of all Americans.

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type A

producing the spectacle of, say, a flounder suddenly

10. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?10) developing an octopodian arm, sticking it down a hole
[202410H1_30어휘추론_변형] and grabbing whatever’s hiding there.
Herbert Simon won his Nobel Prize for recognizing * flounder: 넙치 ** mimic: 모방하다
our limitations in information, time, and cognitive
① The Differences Between Octopus and Flounders
capacity. As we lack the resources to compute answers
independently, we distribute the computation across ② The Importance of Octopus’s Defense Mechanism
the population and solve the answer slowly, generation ③ Octopus’s Ability to Disguise Itself and The Way It
by generation. Then all we have to do is socially learn Hunts
the right answers. You don’t need to understand how ④ Australian Photographer: Expert to Discover the
your computer or toilet works; you just need to be Octopus Underwater
able to use the interface and flush. All that needs to
⑤ Octopuses’ Transformation into Sea Snakes under
be transmitted is which button to push ― essentially
Different Circumstances
how to interact with technologies rather than how
they work. And so instead of holding more
information than we have mental capacity for and
indeed need to know, we could dedicate our large
brains to a small piece of a giant calculation. We
understand things well enough to benefit from them,
12. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 12)
but all the while we are making small calculations that
[202410H1_32빈칸추론_변형]
contribute to a larger whole. We are just doing our How much we suffer relates to how we frame the
part in a larger computation for our societies’ pain in our mind. When 1500m runners push
collective brains. themselves into extreme pain to win a race ― their
① The Limitations of Individual Cognitive Capacity muscles screaming and their lungs exploding with
oxygen deficit, they don’t psychologically suffer much.
② The Evolution of Human Brain Size and Capacity
In fact, ultra­marathon runners ― those people who
③ The Role of Collective Intelligence in Problem-Solving
are crazy enough to push themselves beyond the
④ The Importance of Understanding Complex Technologies normal boundaries of human endurance, covering
⑤ The Impact of Nobel Prize-Winning Research on Society distances of 50 - 100km or more over many hours,
talk about making friends with their pain. When a
patient has paid for some form of passive back pain
therapy and the practitioner pushes deeply into a
painful part of a patient’s back to mobilise it, the
11. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은? 11)
patient calls that good pain if he or she believes this
[202410H1_31빈칸추론_변형]
type of deep pressure treatment will be of value, even
The best defence most species of octopus have is to though the practitioner is pushing right into the
stay hidden as much as possible and do their own
patient’s sore tissues.
hunting at night. So to find one in full view in the
shallows in daylight was a surprise for two Australian ① Overcoming Physical Limits
underwater photographers. Actually, what they saw at ② It All Depends on Your Mind
first was a flounder. It was only when they looked ③ Running Away from Discomfort
again that they saw a medium­sized octopus, with all
④ Recovering from Physical Strain
eight of its arms folded and its two eyes staring
upwards to create the illusion. An octopus has a big ⑤ Strengthening the Body for Endurance
brain, excellent eyesight and the ability to change
colour and pattern, and this one was using these
assets to turn itself into a completely different
creature. Many more of this species have been found
since then, and there are now photographs of
octopuses that could be said to be transforming into
sea snakes. And while they mimic, they hunt ―

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type A

the world you can see plainly out your own window?
13. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?13) At the moment, stories illustrating global warming can
[202410H1_33빈칸추론_변형] still offer an escapist pleasure, even if that pleasure
When I worked for a large electronics company that often comes in the form of horror. But when we can
manufactured laser and ink­jet printers, I soon no longer pretend that climate suffering is distant —
discovered why there are often three versions of many in time or in place ― we will stop pretending about it
consumer goods. If the manufacturer makes only one and start pretending within it.
version of its product, people who bought it might ① Climate Fiction: A Future Genre
have been willing to spend more money, so the
② Exploring Climate Change in Cinema
company is losing some income. If the company offers
③ Climate Change: From Fiction to Reality
two versions, one with more features and more
④ Climate Fiction: Entertainment or Education?
expensive than the other, people will compare the two
⑤ The Impact of Climate Fiction on Hollywood
models and still buy the less expensive one. But if the
company introduces a third model with even more
features and more expensive than the other two, sales
of the second model go up; many people like the
features of the most expensive model, but not the 15. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?15)
price. The middle item has more features than the [202410H1_35무관한문장_변형]
least expensive one, and it is less expensive than the Today, the water crisis is political ― which is to say,
fanciest model. They buy the middle item, unaware not inevitable or beyond our capacity to fix ― and,
that they have been manipulated by the presence of therefore, functionally elective. That is one reason it is
the higher­priced item. nevertheless distressing: an abundant resource made
scarce through governmental neglect and indifference,
① The Impact of Premium Products on Consumer
bad infrastructure and contamination, and careless
Spending Habits
urbanization. There is no need for a water crisis, in
② The Hidden Costs of Consumer Choices: Why We
other words, but we have one anyway, and aren’t
Always Pay More doing much to address it. Some cities lose more water
③ Pricing Strategies for Maximum Profit: The Role of to leaks than they deliver to homes: even in the
Premium Products United States, leaks and theft account for an estimated
④ The Psychology Behind Product Pricing: How a Third loss of 16 percent of freshwater; in Brazil, the estimate
Option Boosts Sales is 40 percent. Seen in both cases, as everywhere, the
selective scarcity clearly highlights have­and­have­not
⑤ The Art of Pricing: How Companies Push You towards
inequities, leaving 2.1 billion people without safe
the Premium Product
drinking water and 4.5 billion without proper sanitation
worldwide.
* elective: 선택의

① What Is Water Crisis and How Can We Prevent It

14. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?14)
② The Principles of Water Circulation in Urban Settings
[202410H1_34빈칸추론_변형]
On­screen, climate disaster is everywhere you look, ③ Government’s Eco-Responsibility and Hierarchy’s Impact
but the scope of the world’s climate transformation on It
may just as quickly eliminate the climate­fiction genre ④ The Water Crisis: Man-Made Water Shortages and
― indeed eliminate any effort to tell the story of Unfortunate Consequences
warming, which could grow too large and too obvious
⑤ The Differences of Water Crisis Between Developed
even for Hollywood. You can tell stories ‘about’ climate
and Developing Countries
change while it still seems a marginal feature of
human life. But when the temperature rises by three
or four more degrees, hardly anyone will be able to
feel isolated from its impacts. And so as climate
change expands across the horizon, it may cease to
be a story. Why watch or read climate fiction about

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type A

① 의식은 뇌의 기능에 전적으로 의존한다.

16. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?16) ② 뇌의 기능이 우울증의 근본적인 원인이다.
[202410H1_36순서추론_변형]
③ 우울증은 의식의 왜곡으로 설명될 수 있다.
As individuals, our ability to thrive depended on how
④ 신경전달물질의 부족은 항상 우울증을 일으킨다.
well we navigated relationships in a group. If the
group valued us, we could count on support, ⑤ 우울증은 뇌의 신경전달물질 불균형이 주요 원인이다.
resources, and probably a mate. If it ① didn’t, we
might get none of these merits. It was a matter of
survival, physically and genetically. Over millions of
years, the pressure selected for people who ② are
sensitive to and skilled at maximizing their standing.
The result was the development of a tendency to
unconsciously monitor ③ how other people in our
community perceive us. We process that information in 18. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?18)
the form of self­esteem and such related emotions as [202410H1_38문장삽입_변형]
pride, shame, or insecurity. These emotions compel us The common accounts of human nature that float
to do more of ④ what makes our community value around in society are generally a mixture of
us and less of what doesn’t. And, crucially, they are assumptions, tales and sometimes plain silliness.
meant to make that motivation ⑤ feeling like it is However, psychology is different. It is the branch of
coming from within. If we realized, on a conscious science that is devoted to understanding people: how
level, that we were responding to social pressure, our and why we act as we do; why we see things as we
performance might come off as grudging or cynical, do; and how we interact with one another. The key
making it less persuasive. word here is ‘science.’ Psychologists don’t depend on
* grudging: 투덜대는
opinions and hearsay, or the generally accepted views
of society at the time, or even the considered
opinions of deep thinkers. Instead, they look for
evidence, to make sure that psychological ideas are
firmly based, and not just derived from generally held
beliefs or assumptions. In addition to this
17. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? 17) evidence­based approach, psychology deals with
[202410H1_37순서추론_변형] fundamental processes and principles that generate our
Conventional medicine has long believed that depression rich cultural and social diversity, as well as those
is caused by an imbalance of neurotransmitters in the shared by all human beings. These are what modern
brain. However, there is a major problem with this psychology is all about.
explanation. This is because the imbalance of
① The Origins of Contemporary Psychology
substances in the brain is a consequence of
② Modern Perspectives on Human Interaction
depression, not its cause. In other words, depression
causes a decrease in brain substances such as ③ Psychology: Understanding Humans through Evidence
serotonin and noradrenaline, not a decrease in brain ④ The Role of Societal Beliefs in Studying Human
substances causes depression. In this revised Behavior
cause­and­effect, the key is to reframe depression as a ⑤ Psychology That Relies on Social Beliefs and
problem of consciousness. Our consciousness is a
Assumptions
more fundamental entity that goes beyond the
functioning of the brain. The brain is no more than an
organ of consciousness. If it is not consciousness itself,
then the root cause of depression is also a distortion
of our state of consciousness: a consciousness that has
lost its sense of self and the meaning of life. Such a
disease of consciousness may manifest itself in the
form of depression.
* neurotransmitter: 신경 전달 물질 ** manifest: (명백히) 나타내다

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type A

mother clearly cannot allow the child to hit his little

19. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?19) brother, but instead of constantly pointing out the
[202410H1_39문장삽입_변형] negatives, she can choose to reward the positives. In
Life is what physicists might call a ‘high­dimensional this way, any parent can avoid trick­punishments.
system,’ which is their fancy way of saying that there’s ① the emotional impact of punishment
a lot going on. In just a single cell, the number of
② the dangers of using trick-punishments
possible interactions between different molecules is
enormous. Such a system can only hope to be stable ③ the long-term effects of strict punishment
if only a smaller number of collective ways of being ④ the reasons for the effectiveness of positive rewards
may emerge. For example, it is only a limited number ⑤ the effects and alternatives of negative reinforcement
of tissues and body shapes that may result from the
development of a human embryo. In 1942, the
biologist Conrad Waddington called this drastic
narrowing of outcomes canalization. The organism may
switch between a small number of well­defined
possible states, but can’t exist in random states in
between them, rather as a ball in a rough landscape 21. 밑줄 친 'carry considerable consequences'가 다
must roll to the bottom of one valley or another. 21)
음 글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?
We’ll see that this is true also of health and disease:
[202410H1_18목적추론_변형]
there are many causes of illness, but their
To the State Education Department,
manifestations at the physiological and symptomatic
levels are often strikingly similar. I am writing with regard to the state’s funding for
the construction project at Fort Montgomery High
* embryo: 배아 ** physiological: 생리적인
School. Our school needs additional spaces to provide
① the interaction between health and disease a fully functional Art and Library Media Center to
② the complexity of organism at the cellular level serve our students in a more meaningful way. Despite
submitting all required documentation for funding to
③ the collaborative process of human embryo development
your department in April 2024, we have not yet
④ the meaning and characteristic of canalization in
received any notification from your department. A
biological development
delay in the process can carry considerable consequences
⑤ the possibility of diagnosing diseases based on the related to the school’s budgetary constraints and
biological manifestations schedule. Therefore, in order to proceed with our
project, we request you notify us of the review result
regarding the submitted documentation. I look forward
to hearing from you.

Respectfully,

20. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?20) Clara Smith

[202410H1_40요약문추론_변형]
Principal, Fort Montgomery High School
Punishing a child may not be effective due to what
Álvaro Bilbao, a neuropsychologist, calls ‘trick­punishments.’ ① result in serious challenges
A trick­punishment is a scolding, a moment of anger ② suggest promising outcomes
or a punishment in the most classic sense of the ③ make us construct an important building
word. Instead of discouraging the child from doing
④ contribute to the procedure for the project
something, it encourages them to do it. For example,
Hugh learns that when he hits his little brother, his ⑤ publish a periodicals concerning school construction
mother scolds him. For a child who feels lonely, being
scolded is much better than feeling invisible, so he will
continue to hit his brother. In this case, his mother
would be better adopting a different strategy. For
instance, she could congratulate Hugh when he has
not hit his brother for a certain length of time. The

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type A

22. 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은? 22) 24. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?24)

[202410H1_19심경추론_변형] [202410H1_21함축의미추론_변형]
As I waited outside the locker room after a hard‐ When we see something, we naturally and
fought basketball game, the coach called out to me, automatically break it up into shapes, colors, and
“David, walk with me.” I figured he was going to tell concepts that we have learned through education. We
me something important. He was going to select me recode what we see through the lens of everything we
to be the captain of the team, the leader I had always know. We reconstruct memories rather than retrieving
wanted to be. My heart was racing with anticipation. the video from memory. This is a useful trait. It’s a
But when his next words hit my ears, everything more efficient way to store information ― a bit like
changed. “We’re going to have to send you home,” he an optimal image compression algorithm such as JPG,
said coldly. “I don’t think you are going to make it.” I rather than storing a raw bitmap image file. People
couldn’t believe his decision. I tried to hold it who lack this ability and remember everything in
together, but inside I was falling apart. A car would be perfect detail struggle to generalize, learn, and make
waiting tomorrow morning to take me home. And just connections between what they have learned. But
like that, it was over. representing the world as abstract ideas and features
comes at a cost of seeing the world as it is. Instead,
① 코치는 David를 불러 경기에서 열심히 싸웠다고 칭찬
we see the world through our assumptions,
했다.
motivations, and past experiences. The discovery that
② David는 코치가 자신을 팀에서 퇴출시킬 것이라고 생 our memories are reconstructed through abstract
각했다. representations rather than played back like a movie
③ 코치는 David에게 연습을 위해 아직 집으로 돌아가면 completely undermined the legal primacy of eyewitness
안된다고 말했다. testimony. Seeing is not believing.

④ 코치는 David에게 그가 해내지 못할 것 같다고 말했다. * retrieve: 상기하다 ** primacy: 우위성

⑤ David는 팀에 남기 위해 코치에게 간곡히 부탁했다. ① the role of education in shaping visual perception
② the development of image compression algorithms
③ the importance of visual memory in legal testimony
④ the advantages of photographic memory in learning
⑤ the process of human visual perception and memory
23. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?23) reconstruction
[202410H1_20주장추론_변형]
For many of us, making time for exercise is a
continuing challenge. Between work commitments and
family obligations, it often feels like there’s no room in
our packed schedules for a dedicated workout. But
what if the workout ① came to you, right in the
midst of your daily routine? That’s ② where the
beauty of integrating mini­exercises into household
chores comes into play. Let’s be realistic; chores are
inevitable. ③ Whether it’s washing dishes or taking
out the trash, these tasks are an essential part of daily
life. But rather than ④ viewing chores as purely
obligatory activities, why not seize these moments as
opportunities for physical activity? For instance,
practice squats or ⑤ engaging in some wall push­ups
as you wait for your morning kettle to boil.
Incorporating quick exercises into your daily chores
can improve your health.

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type A

25. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 27. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?27)

이 적절하지 않은 것은?25) [202410H1_24제목추론_변형]

[202410H1_22요지추론_변형] The evolution of AI is often associated with the

In his Cornell laboratory, David Dunning conducted concept of singularity. Singularity refers to the point at
experimental tests of eyewitness testimony and found which AI exceeds human intelligence. After that point,
evidence that a ① careful deliberation of facial features it is predicted that AI will repeatedly improve itself
and a detailed discussion of selection procedures can and evolve at an accelerated pace. When AI becomes
actually be a sign of an inaccurate identification. It’s self­aware and pursues its own goals, it will be a
when people find themselves ② unable to explain why conscious being, not just a machine. AI and human
they recognize the person, saying things like “his face consciousness will then begin to evolve together. Our
just popped out at me,” that they tend to be accurate consciousness will evolve to new dimensions through
more often. Sometimes our first, immediate, ③ intentional our interactions with AI, which will provide us with
reaction to a situation is the truest interpretation of intellectual stimulation and inspire new insights and
what our mind is telling us. That very first impression creativity. Conversely, our consciousness also has a
can also be more accurate about the world than the significant impact on the evolution of AI. The direction
④ deliberative, reasoned self­narrative can be. In his of AI’s evolution will depend greatly on what values
book Blink, Malcolm Gladwell describes a variety of and ethics we incorporate into AI. We need to see our
studies in psychology and behavioral economics that relationship with AI as a mutual coexistence of
demonstrate the ⑤ superior performance of relatively conscious beings, recognizing its rights and supporting
unconscious first guesses compared to logical the evolution of its consciousness.
step­by­step justifications for a decision.
① the possibility of AI threatening human capacity
② the reciprocal relationship between humans and AI
③ the threatening aspects of the consciousness of AI
④ the potential problem resulting from development of
26. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?26) AI
[202410H1_23주제추론_변형]
⑤ the primary reason for human beings being dependent
Many forms of research lead ① naturally to
on AI
quantitative data. A study of happiness might measure
the number of times someone smiles during an
interaction, and a study of memory might measure the
number of items an individual can recall after one,
five, and ten minutes. Asking people ② how many
times in a year they are sad will also yield quantitative
data, but it might not be reliable. Respondents’
recollections may be inaccurate, and their definitions of
‘sad’ could vary widely. But asking “How many times
in the past year were you ③ sad enough to call in
sick to work?” prompts a concrete answer. Similarly,
instead of asking people ④ rate how bad a
procrastinator they are, ask, “How many of your utility
bills are you currently late in paying, even though you
can afford to pay them?” Questions that seek concrete
responses help make abstract concepts clearer and
⑤ ensure consistency from one study to the next.
* procrastinator: 미루는 사람

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type A

because the meaning of his works is not immediately

28. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 could run up to a dozen obvious and requires some thought on the part of the
audience.
pages가 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?28)
[202410H1_26내용불일치_변형] ① the superiority of digital metaphors
Douglas Kirkland, known for his highly artistic
② the necessity of reading literary works
portraits of Hollywood celebrities, was born in Toronto,
③ the significance of having an active mindset
Canada. When he was young, he eagerly awaited the
weekly arrival of Life magazine and discussed the ④ the contrasting aspects in how metaphors work
photographs the magazine contained with his father. ⑤ the criteria for judging the usefulness of metaphors
Believing that he would have better career prospects,
Kirkland moved to the United States after graduating
from high school and found work at a photography
studio. When Look magazine hired him at age 24, he
became their second­youngest photographer ever. His
photos taken of Marilyn Monroe in 1961 became
iconic almost instantly. Kirkland spent his weeks 30. 다음 글에서 밑줄 친 a small piece of a giant
shooting day­to­day life across the United States and
calculation이 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?30)
his weekends in exotic locations. His photo essays [202410H1_30어휘추론_변형]
could run up to a dozen pages and were seen by Herbert Simon won his Nobel Prize for recognizing
more than half of all Americans. our limitations in information, time, and cognitive
① fall short of gaining public interest capacity. As we lack the resources to compute answers
independently, we distribute the computation across
② exclude notable subjects or stories
the population and solve the answer slowly, generation
③ struggle to capture public attention
by generation. Then all we have to do is socially learn
④ go unnoticed despite widespread publication the right answers. You don’t need to understand how
⑤ were phenomenal, helping to cement his reputation your computer or toilet works; you just need to be
able to use the interface and flush. All that needs to
be transmitted is which button to push ― essentially
how to interact with technologies rather than how
they work. And so instead of holding more
information than we have mental capacity for and
29. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?29) indeed need to know, we could dedicate our large
[202410H1_29어법추론_변형] brains to a small piece of a giant calculation. We
Digital technologies are essentially related to understand things well enough to benefit from them,
metaphors, but digital metaphors are different from but all the while we are making small calculations that
linguistic ones in important ways. Linguistic metaphors contribute to a larger whole. We are just doing our
are passive, in the sense that the audience needs to part in a larger computation for our societies’
choose to actively enter the world proposed by collective brains.
metaphor. In the Shakespearean metaphor “time is a
① a trivial individual action
beggar,” the audience is unlikely to understand the
metaphor without cognitive effort and without further ② an isolated thought process
engaging Shakespeare’s prose. Technological ③ a minor, self-contained decision
metaphors, on the other hand, are active (and often ④ a personal analysis for problem-solving
imposing) in the sense that they are realized in digital
⑤ a tiny component of an enormous problem-solving
artifacts that are actively doing things, forcefully
process
changing a user’s meaning horizon. Technological
creators cannot generally afford to require their
potential audience to wonder how the metaphor
works; normally the selling point is that the usefulness
of the technology is obvious at first glance.
Shakespeare, on the other hand, is beloved in part

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type A

① the thought-based perception of pain

31. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?31) ② various techniques for preventing pain
[202410H1_31빈칸추론_변형]
③ the cause of physical pain during exercise
The best defence most species of octopus have ① is
④ humans’ limitations and ways to overcome them
to stay hidden as much as possible and do their own
hunting at night. So to find one in full view in the ⑤ methods for measuring the effectiveness of treatments
shallows in daylight was a surprise for two Australian
underwater photographers. Actually, ② what they saw
at first was a flounder. It was only when they looked
again that they saw a medium­sized octopus, with all
eight of its arms ③ folding and its two eyes staring
upwards to create the illusion. An octopus has a big
brain, excellent eyesight and the ability to change
colour and pattern, and this one was using these 33. (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말
assets to turn ④ itself into a completely different 로 가장 적절한 것은?33)
creature. Many more of this species have been found [202410H1_33빈칸추론_변형]
since then, and there are now photographs of When I worked for a large electronics company that
octopuses that could be said to be transforming into manufactured laser and ink­jet printers, I soon
sea snakes. And while they mimic, they hunt ― discovered why there are often three versions of many
producing the spectacle of, say, a flounder suddenly consumer goods. If the manufacturer makes only one
developing an octopodian arm, ⑤ sticking it down a version of its product, people who bought it might
hole and grabbing whatever’s hiding there. have been willing to spend more money, so the
* flounder: 넙치 ** mimic: 모방하다 company is (A) [gaining / losing] some income. If the
company offers two versions, one with more features
and more expensive than the other, people will
compare the two models and still buy the (B) [more /
less] expensive one. But if the company introduces a
third model with even more features and more
expensive than the other two, sales of the second
model go up; many people like the features of the
most expensive model, but not the price. The middle
item has more features than the least expensive one,
32. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?32) and it is less expensive than the fanciest model. They
[202410H1_32빈칸추론_변형] buy the middle item, (C) [aware / unaware] that they
How much we suffer relates to how we frame the have been manipulated by the presence of the
pain in our mind. When 1500m runners push higher­priced item.
themselves into extreme pain to win a race ― their
muscles screaming and their lungs exploding with (A) (B) (C)
oxygen deficit, they don’t psychologically suffer much. ① gaining less aware
In fact, ultra­marathon runners ― those people who ② losing more unaware
are crazy enough to push themselves beyond the
③ gaining less unaware
normal boundaries of human endurance, covering
④ losing less unaware
distances of 50 - 100km or more over many hours,
talk about making friends with their pain. When a ⑤ gaining more aware
patient has paid for some form of passive back pain
therapy and the practitioner pushes deeply into a
painful part of a patient’s back to mobilise it, the
patient calls that good pain if he or she believes this
type of deep pressure treatment will be of value, even
though the practitioner is pushing right into the
patient’s sore tissues.

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type A

loss of 16 percent of freshwater; in Brazil, the estimate

34. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? 34) is 40 percent. Seen in both cases, as everywhere, the
[202410H1_34빈칸추론_변형] selective scarcity clearly highlights have­and­have­not
On­screen, climate disaster is everywhere you look, inequities, leaving 2.1 billion people without safe
but the scope of the world’s climate transformation drinking water and 4.5 billion without proper sanitation
may just as quickly eliminate the climate­fiction genre worldwide.
― indeed eliminate any effort to tell the story of * elective: 선택의
warming, which could grow too large and too obvious
① inevitability of the water crisis and its solutions
even for Hollywood. You can tell stories ‘about’ climate
change while it still seems a marginal feature of ② impact of climate change on the global water crisis
human life. But when the temperature rises by three ③ unequal distribution of water resources between
or four more degrees, hardly anyone will be able to countries
feel isolated from its impacts. And so as climate ④ natural causes and solutions to the water shortage
change expands across the horizon, it may cease to problem
be a story. Why watch or read climate fiction about
⑤ poor governance and infrastructure as causes of
the world you can see plainly out your own window?
water scarcity
At the moment, stories illustrating global warming can
still offer an escapist pleasure, even if that pleasure
often comes in the form of horror. But when we can
no longer pretend that climate suffering is distant — 36. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?36)
in time or in place ― we will stop pretending about it [202410H1_36순서추론_변형]
and start pretending within it. As individuals, our ability to thrive depended on how
well we navigated relationships in a group. If the
① 기후 변화는 더 이상 스토리가 될 수 없을 만큼 명백
group valued us, we could count on support,
해질 수 있다.
resources, and probably a mate. If it didn’t, we might
② 기후 변화가 진행되더라도 그 영향은 특정 지역에만 get none of these merits. It was a matter of survival,
국한될 것이다. physically and genetically. Over millions of years, the
③ 사람들은 기후 변화의 심각성을 직접 경험하게 되더라 pressure selected for people who are sensitive to and
도 기후 관련 픽션을 통해 오락적 즐거움을 찾을 것이다. skilled at maximizing their standing. The result was the
development of a tendency to unconsciously monitor
④ 기후 변화는 우리의 일상에 별다른 영향을 주지 않을
how other people in our community perceive us. We
것이므로, 기후 관련 이야기는 오락적 요소로 남을 것
process that information in the form of self­esteem
이다.
and such related emotions as pride, shame, or
⑤ 기후 변화는 현실에서 그 영향을 거의 느끼기 어려우 insecurity. These emotions compel us to do more of
므로, 앞으로도 기후 재난을 다룬 픽션은 큰 인기를 what makes our community value us and less of what
끌 것이다. doesn’t. And, crucially, they are meant to make that
motivation feel like it is coming from within. If we
realized, on a conscious level, that we were responding
to social pressure, our performance might come off as
35. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?35)
grudging or cynical, making it less persuasive.
[202410H1_35무관한문장_변형]
Today, the water crisis is political ― which is to say, * grudging: 투덜대는

not inevitable or beyond our capacity to fix ― and,

① The Complexity of Human Relationships
therefore, functionally elective. That is one reason it is
② Personality Types and Workplace Success
nevertheless distressing: an abundant resource made
scarce through governmental neglect and indifference, ③ The Psychological Impacts of Social Rejection
bad infrastructure and contamination, and careless ④ The Role of Education in Shaping Self-Esteem
urbanization. There is no need for a water crisis, in ⑤ The Outcome of Making Social Pressure Feel
other words, but we have one anyway, and aren’t Inwardly Motivated
doing much to address it. Some cities lose more water
to leaks than they deliver to homes: even in the
United States, leaks and theft account for an estimated

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type A

firmly based, and not just derived from generally held

37. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?37) beliefs or assumptions. In addition to this
[202410H1_37순서추론_변형] evidence­based approach, psychology deals with
Conventional medicine has long believed that fundamental processes and principles that generate our
depression is caused by an imbalance of rich cultural and social diversity, as well as those
neurotransmitters in the brain. However, there is a shared by all human beings. These are ⑤ what
major problem with this explanation. This is because modern psychology is all about.
the imbalance of substances in the brain is a
consequence of depression, not its cause. In other
words, depression causes a decrease in brain
substances such as serotonin and noradrenaline, not a
decrease in brain substances causes depression. In this
revised cause­and­effect, the key is to reframe
depression as a problem of consciousness. Our 39. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?39)
consciousness is a more fundamental entity that goes [202410H1_39문장삽입_변형]
beyond the functioning of the brain. The brain is no Life is what physicists might call a ‘high­dimensional
more than an organ of consciousness. If it is not system,’ which is their fancy way of saying that there’s
consciousness itself, then the root cause of depression a lot going on. In just a single cell, the number of
is also a distortion of our state of consciousness: a possible interactions between different molecules is
consciousness that has lost its sense of self and the enormous. Such a system can only hope to be stable
meaning of life. Such a disease of consciousness may if only a smaller number of collective ways of being
manifest itself in the form of depression. may emerge. For example, it is only a limited number
* neurotransmitter: 신경 전달 물질 ** manifest: (명백히) 나타내다 of tissues and body shapes that may result from the
development of a human embryo. In 1942, the
① Ways to Overcome Depression
biologist Conrad Waddington called this drastic
② The Positive Effects of Exercise on the Body narrowing of outcomes canalization. The organism may
③ The Development and Limitations of Modern Medicine switch between a small number of well­defined
④ Early Symptoms of Depression that the Brain Might possible states, but can’t exist in random states in
Perceive between them, rather as a ball in a rough landscape
must roll to the bottom of one valley or another.
⑤ A Reinterpretation of the Causes and Effects of
We’ll see that this is true also of health and disease:
Depression
there are many causes of illness, but their
manifestations at the physiological and symptomatic
levels are often strikingly similar.
* embryo: 배아 ** physiological: 생리적인

① 질병의 증상은 항상 독특하며 원인에 따라 다르다.

② 생물체는 다양한 원인으로 인해 항상 병에 걸린다.
38. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?38)
③ 인간의 배아 발달은 무한한 형태를 만들어 낼 수 있다.
[202410H1_38문장삽입_변형]
The common accounts of human nature that float ④ 생물학적 시스템은 높은 차원의 상호작용을 통해 복잡
around in society ① are generally a mixture of 성을 유지한다.
assumptions, tales and sometimes plain silliness. ⑤ 생물체의 발달 과정은 무작위 상태가 아니라 제한된
However, psychology is different. It is the branch of 상태로 수렴된다.
science that is devoted to ② understanding people:
how and why we act as we do; why we see things as
we do; and how we interact with one another. The
key word here is ‘science.’ Psychologists don’t depend
on opinions and hearsay, or the generally ③ accept
views of society at the time, or even the considered
opinions of deep thinkers. Instead, they look for
evidence, to make sure ④ that psychological ideas are

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type A

40. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임 ※ 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오. [41-42]

이 적절하지 않은 것은? 40) [202410H1_41~42장문2문항_변형]

[202410H1_40요약문추론_변형] From an early age, we assign purpose to objects and

Punishing a child may not be ① pointless due to events, preferring this reasoning to random chance.
what Álvaro Bilbao, a neuropsychologist, calls ‘trick­ Children assume, for instance, that pointy rocks are
punishments.’ A trick­punishment is a scolding, a that way because they don’t want you to sit on them.
moment of anger or a punishment in the most classic When we encounter something, we first need to
sense of the word. Instead of discouraging the child determine what sort of thing it is. Inanimate objects
from doing something, it ② encourages them to do it. and plants generally do not move and can be
For example, Hugh learns that when he hits his little evaluated from physics alone. However, by attributing
brother, his mother scolds him. For a child who feels intention to animals and even objects, we are able to
lonely, being scolded is much better than feeling make fast decisions about the likely behaviour of that
xvisible, so he will ③ continue to hit his brother. In being. This was essential in our hunter­gatherer days
this case, his mother would be better adopting a to avoid being eaten by predators.
different strategy. For instance, she could ④ congratulate The anthropologist Stewart Guthrie made the point
Hugh when he has not hit his brother for a certain that survival in our evolutionary past meant that we
length of time. The mother clearly cannot allow the interpret ambiguous objects as agents with human
child to hit his little brother, but instead of constantly mental characteristics, as those are the mental processes
pointing out the negatives, she can choose to ⑤ reward which we understand. Ambiguous events are caused
the positives. In this way, any parent can avoid trick­ by such agents. ( ① ) This results in a perceptual
punishments. system strongly biased towards anthropomorphism.
( ② ) Therefore, we tend to assume intention even
where there is none. ( ③ ) If a lion is about to
attack you, you need to react quickly, given its
probable intention to kill you. ( ④ ) By the time you
have realized that the design of its teeth and claws
could kill you, you are dead. ( ⑤ ) So, assuming
intent, without detailed design analysis or
understanding of the physics, has saved your life.
* ambiguous: 모호한 ** anthropomorphism: 의인화

41. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?41)

① 모든 사건에는 각각의 사물이 존재한다.
② 고정관념은 상황을 좁은 시야로 보게 한다.
③ 두려움은 생존체계에서 중요한 역할을 한다.
④ 인간과 동물의 정신적 특성에 공통점이 있다.
⑤ 인간은 생존을 위해 사물, 사건에 의도를 부여한다.

42. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에

가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.42)
This would have arisen as a survival mechanism.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type B

43. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?43) 45. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에
[202410H1_18목적추론_변형] 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오. 45)
To the State Education Department, [202410H1_20주장추론_변형]

I am writing with regard to the state’s funding for For instance, practice squats or engage in some wall
the construction project at Fort Montgomery High push­ups as you wait for your morning kettle to boil.
School. ① Our school needs additional spaces to
provide a fully functional Art and Library Media Center
For many of us, making time for exercise is a
to serve our students in a more meaningful way.
continuing challenge. Between work commitments and
② Despite submitting all required documentation for
family obligations, it often feels like there’s no room in
funding to your department in April 2024, we have
our packed schedules for a dedicated workout. But
not yet received any notification from your department.
what if the workout came to you, right in the midst
③ Effective communication and collaboration are crucial
of your daily routine? ( ① ) That’s where the beauty
for achieving success in any organization or project.
of integrating mini­exercises into household chores
④ A delay in the process can carry considerable
comes into play. ( ② ) Let’s be realistic; chores are
consequences related to the school’s budgetary
inevitable. ( ③ ) Whether it’s washing dishes or taking
constraints and schedule. ⑤ Therefore, in order to
out the trash, these tasks are an essential part of daily
proceed with our project, we request you notify us of
life. ( ④ ) But rather than viewing chores as purely
the review result regarding the submitted documentation.
obligatory activities, why not seize these moments as
I look forward to hearing from you.
opportunities for physical activity? ( ⑤ ) Incorporating
Respectfully, quick exercises into your daily chores can improve
your health.
Clara Smith

Principal, Fort Montgomery High School

44. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절

한 것을 고르시오.44)
[202410H1_19심경추론_변형]
As I waited outside the locker room after a hard‐
fought basketball game, the coach called out to me,
“David, walk with me.” I figured he was going to tell
me something important.

(A) I tried to hold it together, but inside I was falling

apart. A car would be waiting tomorrow morning
to take me home. And just like that, it was over.

(B) He was going to select me to be the captain of

the team, the leader I had always wanted to be.
My heart was racing with anticipation.

(C) But when his next words hit my ears, everything

changed. “We’re going to have to send you
home,” he said coldly. “I don’t think you are going
to make it.” I couldn’t believe his decision.

① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)

③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type B

46. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 47. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다.
빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?46) 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?47)
[202410H1_21함축의미추론_변형] [202410H1_22요지추론_변형]
When we see something, we naturally and In his Cornell laboratory, David Dunning conducted
automatically break it up into shapes, colors, and experimental tests of eyewitness testimony and found
concepts that we have learned through education. We evidence that a careful deliberation of facial features
recode what we see through the lens of everything we and a detailed discussion of selection procedures can
know. We reconstruct memories rather than retrieving actually be a sign of an inaccurate identification. It’s
the video from memory. This is a useful trait. It’s a when people find themselves unable to explain why
more efficient way to store information ― a bit like they recognize the person, saying things like “his face
an optimal image compression algorithm such as JPG, just popped out at me,” that they tend to be accurate
rather than storing a raw bitmap image file. People more often. Sometimes our first, immediate, automatic
who lack this ability and remember everything in reaction to a situation is the truest interpretation of
perfect detail struggle to generalize, learn, and make what our mind is telling us. That very first impression
connections between what they have learned. But can also be more accurate about the world than the
representing the world as abstract ideas and features deliberative, reasoned self­narrative can be. In his book
comes at a cost of seeing the world as it is. Instead, Blink, Malcolm Gladwell describes a variety of studies
we see the world through our assumptions, in psychology and behavioral economics that
motivations, and past experiences. The discovery that demonstrate the superior performance of relatively
our memories are reconstructed through abstract unconscious first guesses compared to logical
representations rather than played back like a movie step­by­step justifications for a decision.
completely undermined the legal primacy of eyewitness

testimony. Seeing is not believing.
First impressions and (A) reactions often
* retrieve: 상기하다 ** primacy: 우위성
prove more (B) than careful deliberation,
 especially in identifying faces and making decisions.
We use our knowledge to (A) memories,
(A) (B)
automatically deconstructing images into learned
① intentional imprecise
shapes, colors, and concepts, which calls into question
the legal (B) of eyewitness testimony. ② intentional instinctive
③ thoughtful reliable
(A) (B)
④ intuitive reliable
① change definition
⑤ intuitive imprecise
② rebuild originality
③ evoke supremacy
④ recreate significance
⑤ verify distortion

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type B

(C) Conversely, our consciousness also has a significant

48. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르 impact on the evolution of AI. The direction of
AI’s evolution will depend greatly on what values
시오.48)
and ethics we incorporate into AI. We need to see
[202410H1_23주제추론_변형]
our relationship with AI as a mutual coexistence of
Many forms of research lead naturally to quantitative
conscious beings, recognizing its rights and
data. A study of happiness might measure the number
supporting the evolution of its consciousness.
of times someone smiles during an interaction, and a
study of memory might measure the number of items ① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
an individual can recall after one, five, and ten
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
minutes. Asking people how many times in a year
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
they are sad will also yield quantitative data, but it
might not be . Respondents’ recollections
may be inaccurate, and their definitions of ‘sad’ could
vary widely. But asking “How many times in the past
year were you sad enough to call in sick to work?”
prompts a concrete answer. Similarly, instead of asking
50. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?50)
people to rate how bad a procrastinator they are, ask,
[202410H1_26내용불일치_변형]
“How many of your utility bills are you currently late
Douglas Kirkland, known for his highly artistic
in paying, even though you can afford to pay them?”
portraits of Hollywood celebrities, was born in Toronto,
Questions that seek concrete responses help make
Canada. ① When he was young, he eagerly awaited
abstract concepts clearer and ensure consistency from
the weekly arrival of Life magazine and discussed the
one study to the next.
photographs the magazine contained with his father.
* procrastinator: 미루는 사람 ② Believing that he would have better career
① various ② flawed ③ reliable prospects, Kirkland moved to the United States after
graduating from high school and found work at a
④ paradoxical ⑤ identical
photography studio. ③ When Look magazine hired
him at age 24, he became their second­youngest
photographer ever. ④ Despite his young age, he
gained fame as a photographer, which became one of
the reasons his colleagues were jealous of him. ⑤ His
photos taken of Marilyn Monroe in 1961 became
iconic almost instantly. Kirkland spent his weeks
shooting day­to­day life across the United States and
49. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 his weekends in exotic locations. His photo essays
가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.49) could run up to a dozen pages and were seen by
[202410H1_24제목추론_변형] more than half of all Americans.
The evolution of AI is often associated with the
concept of singularity. Singularity refers to the point at
which AI exceeds human intelligence.

(A) AI and human consciousness will then begin to

evolve together. Our consciousness will evolve to
new dimensions through our interactions with AI,
which will provide us with intellectual stimulation
and inspire new insights and creativity.

(B) After that point, it is predicted that AI will

repeatedly improve itself and evolve at an
accelerated pace. When AI becomes self­aware and
pursues its own goals, it will be a conscious
being, not just a machine.

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type B

51. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르 52. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다.

시오. 51) 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?52)
[202410H1_29어법추론_변형] [202410H1_30어휘추론_변형]
Digital technologies are essentially related to metaphors, Herbert Simon won his Nobel Prize for recognizing
but digital metaphors are different from linguistic ones our limitations in information, time, and cognitive
in important ways. Linguistic metaphors are passive, in capacity. As we lack the resources to compute answers
the sense that the audience needs to choose to independently, we distribute the computation across
actively enter the world proposed by metaphor. In the the population and solve the answer slowly, generation
Shakespearean metaphor “time is a beggar,” the by generation. Then all we have to do is socially learn
audience is unlikely to understand the metaphor the right answers. You don’t need to understand how
without cognitive effort and without further engaging your computer or toilet works; you just need to be
Shakespeare’s prose. Technological metaphors, on the able to use the interface and flush. All that needs to
other hand, are active (and often imposing) in the be transmitted is which button to push ― essentially
sense that they are realized in digital artifacts that are how to interact with technologies rather than how
actively doing things, forcefully changing a user’s they work. And so instead of holding more
meaning horizon. Technological creators cannot generally information than we have mental capacity for and
afford to require their potential audience to wonder indeed need to know, we could dedicate our large
how the metaphor works; normally the selling point is brains to a small piece of a giant calculation. We
that the usefulness of the technology is obvious at understand things well enough to benefit from them,
first glance. Shakespeare, on the other hand, is but all the while we are making small calculations that
beloved in part because the meaning of his works contribute to a larger whole. We are just doing our
. part in a larger computation for our societies’
collective brains.
① is overt and reader can immediately understand the
implications 
② is not immediately obvious and requires some thought Despite our individual (A) in processing
on the part of the audience information, humans can solve complex problems
by (B) the cognitive load across society and
③ can be interpreted effortlessly, which is based on
generations.
the explicitness of the text itself
④ effectively portrays the historical context and engages (A) (B)

readers in an interactive manner ① constraints dispersing

⑤ makes the reader understand intuitively, which further ② advantages concentrating

reinforces the clarity of the content ③ abilities eliminating
④ contributions accelerating
⑤ shortcomings simplifying

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type B

(B) When 1500m runners push themselves into

53. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. extreme pain to win a race ― their muscles
screaming and their lungs exploding with oxygen
빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?53)
deficit, they don’t psychologically suffer much.
[202410H1_31빈칸추론_변형]
The best defence most species of octopus have is to (C) When a patient has paid for some form of passive
stay hidden as much as possible and do their own back pain therapy and the practitioner pushes
hunting at night. So to find one in full view in the deeply into a painful part of a patient’s back to
shallows in daylight was a surprise for two Australian mobilise it, the patient calls that good pain if he
underwater photographers. Actually, what they saw at or she believes this type of deep pressure
first was a flounder. It was only when they looked treatment will be of value, even though the
again that they saw a medium­sized octopus, with all practitioner is pushing right into the patient’s sore
eight of its arms folded and its two eyes staring tissues.
upwards to create the illusion. An octopus has a big
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
brain, excellent eyesight and the ability to change
colour and pattern, and this one was using these ③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
assets to turn itself into a completely different ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
creature. Many more of this species have been found
since then, and there are now photographs of
octopuses that could be said to be transforming into
sea snakes. And while they mimic, they hunt ―
55. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절
producing the spectacle of, say, a flounder suddenly
developing an octopodian arm, sticking it down a hole 한 것을 고르시오.55)
and grabbing whatever’s hiding there. [202410H1_33빈칸추론_변형]
When I worked for a large electronics company that
* flounder: 넙치 ** mimic: 모방하다
manufactured laser and ink­jet printers, I soon
 discovered why there are often three versions of many
Octopuses cleverly use their skill to (A) consumer goods.
themselves as other creatures to (B) prey.

(A) (B) (A) But if the company introduces a third model with
① discover release even more features and more expensive than the
other two, sales of the second model go up;
② disguise catch
many people like the features of the most
③ eliminate keep
expensive model, but not the price.
④ discover raise
(B) The middle item has more features than the least
⑤ disguise scatter
expensive one, and it is less expensive than the
fanciest model. They buy the middle item, unaware
that they have been manipulated by the presence
of the higher­priced item.
54. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절 (C) If the manufacturer makes only one version of its
한 것을 고르시오. 54) product, people who bought it might have been
[202410H1_32빈칸추론_변형] willing to spend more money, so the company is
How much we suffer relates to how we frame the losing some income. If the company offers two
pain in our mind. versions, one with more features and more
expensive than the other, people will compare the
two models and still buy the less expensive one.
(A) In fact, ultra­marathon runners ― those people
who are crazy enough to push themselves beyond ① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
the normal boundaries of human endurance, ③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
covering distances of 50 - 100km or more over
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
many hours, talk about making friends with their
pain.

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type B

(C) Seen in both cases, as everywhere, the selective

56. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 scarcity clearly highlights have­and­have­not inequities,
leaving 2.1 billion people without safe drinking
가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.56)
water and 4.5 billion without proper sanitation
[202410H1_34빈칸추론_변형]
worldwide.
And so as climate change expands across the
horizon, it may cease to be a story. * elective: 선택의

① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)

On­screen, climate disaster is everywhere you look, ③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
but the scope of the world’s climate transformation ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
may just as quickly eliminate the climate­fiction genre
― indeed eliminate any effort to tell the story of
warming, which could grow too large and too obvious
even for Hollywood. ( ① ) You can tell stories ‘about’
climate change while it still seems a marginal feature
of human life. ( ② ) But when the temperature rises 58. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르
by three or four more degrees, hardly anyone will be 시오.58)
able to feel isolated from its impacts. ( ③ ) Why [202410H1_36순서추론_변형]
watch or read climate fiction about the world you can As individuals, our ability to thrive depended on
see plainly out your own window? ( ④ ) At the . If the group valued
moment, stories illustrating global warming can still us, we could count on support, resources, and
offer an escapist pleasure, even if that pleasure often probably a mate. If it didn’t, we might get none of
comes in the form of horror. ( ⑤ ) But when we can these merits. It was a matter of survival, physically and
no longer pretend that climate suffering is distant — genetically. Over millions of years, the pressure
in time or in place ― we will stop pretending about it selected for people who are sensitive to and skilled at
and start pretending within it. maximizing their standing. The result was the
development of a tendency to unconsciously monitor
how other people in our community perceive us. We
process that information in the form of self­esteem
and such related emotions as pride, shame, or
insecurity. These emotions compel us to do more of
what makes our community value us and less of what
57. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절 doesn’t. And, crucially, they are meant to make that
motivation feel like it is coming from within. If we
한 것을 고르시오.57)
realized, on a conscious level, that we were responding
[202410H1_35무관한문장_변형]
Today, the water crisis is political ― which is to say, to social pressure, our performance might come off as
not inevitable or beyond our capacity to fix ― and, grudging or cynical, making it less persuasive.

therefore, functionally elective. * grudging: 투덜대는

① what we paid attention to

(A) There is no need for a water crisis, in other words, ② whom we communicate with
but we have one anyway, and aren’t doing much ③ how we controlled our emotions
to address it. Some cities lose more water to leaks
④ when we got involved in a conflict
than they deliver to homes: even in the United
⑤ how well we navigated relationships in a group
States, leaks and theft account for an estimated
loss of 16 percent of freshwater; in Brazil, the
estimate is 40 percent.

(B) That is one reason it is nevertheless distressing: an

abundant resource made scarce through governmental
neglect and indifference, bad infrastructure and
contamination, and careless urbanization.

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type B

deep thinkers. Instead, they look for evidence, to

59. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르 make sure that psychological ideas are firmly
59) based, and not just derived from generally held
시오.
beliefs or assumptions.
[202410H1_37순서추론_변형]
Conventional medicine has long believed that (C) However, psychology is different. It is the branch
depression is caused by an imbalance of of science that is devoted to understanding
neurotransmitters in the brain. However, there is a people: how and why we act as we do; why we
major problem with this explanation. This is because see things as we do; and how we interact with
the imbalance of substances in the brain is a one another. The key word here is ‘science.’
consequence of depression, not its cause. In other
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
words, depression causes a decrease in brain
substances such as serotonin and noradrenaline, not a ③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
decrease in brain substances causes depression. In this ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
revised cause­and­effect, the key is to .
Our consciousness is a more fundamental entity that
goes beyond the functioning of the brain. The brain is
no more than an organ of consciousness. If it is not
consciousness itself, then the root cause of depression
is also a distortion of our state of consciousness: a 61. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르
consciousness that has lost its sense of self and the 시오.61)
meaning of life. Such a disease of consciousness may [202410H1_39문장삽입_변형]
manifest itself in the form of depression. Life is what physicists might call a ‘high­dimensional
* neurotransmitter: 신경 전달 물질 ** manifest: (명백히) 나타내다
system,’ which is their fancy way of saying that there’s
a lot going on. In just a single cell, the number of
① distort our state of brain functioning possible interactions between different molecules is
② place more emphasis on brain substances enormous. Such a system can only hope to be stable
③ seek to understand our state of consciousness if only a smaller number of collective ways of being
may emerge. For example, it is only a limited number
④ reframe depression as a problem of consciousness
of tissues and body shapes that may result from the
⑤ regard neurotransmitters as disease-causing agents
development of a human embryo. In 1942, the
biologist Conrad Waddington called this drastic
narrowing of outcomes canalization. The organism may
switch between a small number of well­defined
possible states, but can’t exist in random states in
between them, rather as a ball in a rough landscape
60. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절
must roll to the bottom of one valley or another.
한 것을 고르시오.60) We’ll see that this is true also of health and disease:
[202410H1_38문장삽입_변형]
there are many causes of illness, but their
The common accounts of human nature that float manifestations at the physiological and symptomatic
around in society are generally a mixture of assumptions, levels are often strikingly .
tales and sometimes plain silliness.
* embryo: 배아 ** physiological: 생리적인

① fickle ② various ③ weird

(A) In addition to this evidence­based approach,
④ unique ⑤ similar
psychology deals with fundamental processes and
principles that generate our rich cultural and social
diversity, as well as those shared by all human
beings. These are what modern psychology is all
about.

(B) Psychologists don’t depend on opinions and

hearsay, or the generally accepted views of society
at the time, or even the considered opinions of

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type B

62. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 64. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에
가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.62) 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오. 64)

[202410H1_40요약문추론_변형] [202410H1_19심경추론_변형]
In this case, his mother would be better adopting a But when his next words hit my ears, everything
different strategy. changed.

Punishing a child may not be effective due to what As I waited outside the locker room after a hard‐
Álvaro Bilbao, a neuropsychologist, calls ‘trick­punishments.’ fought basketball game, the coach called out to me,
A trick­punishment is a scolding, a moment of anger “David, walk with me.” I figured he was going to tell
or a punishment in the most classic sense of the me something important. ( ① ) I He was going to
word. ( ① ) Instead of discouraging the child from select me to be the captain of the team, the leader I
doing something, it encourages them to do it. ( ② ) had always wanted to be. ( ② ) My heart was racing
For example, Hugh learns that when he hits his little with anticipation. ( ③ ) “We’re going to have to send
brother, his mother scolds him. ( ③ ) For a child who you home,” he said coldly. ( ④ ) “I don’t think you
feels lonely, being scolded is much better than feeling are going to make it.” ( ⑤ ) I couldn’t believe his
invisible, so he will continue to hit his brother. ( ④ ) decision. I tried to hold it together, but inside I was
For instance, she could congratulate Hugh when he falling apart. A car would be waiting tomorrow
has not hit his brother for a certain length of time. morning to take me home. And just like that, it was
( ⑤ ) The mother clearly cannot allow the child to hit over.
his little brother, but instead of constantly pointing out
the negatives, she can choose to reward the positives.
In this way, any parent can avoid trick­punishments
65. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적
절한 것은?65)
[202410H1_20주장추론_변형]
63. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절 For many of us, making time for exercise is a
한 것을 고르시오. 63) continuing challenge. Between work commitments and
[202410H1_18목적추론_변형] family obligations, it often feels like there’s no room in
I am writing with regard to the state’s funding for our packed schedules for a dedicated workout.
the construction project at Fort Montgomery High (A) , what if the workout came to you, right in
School. Our school needs additional spaces to provide the midst of your daily routine? That’s where the
a fully functional Art and Library Media Center to beauty of integrating mini­exercises into household
serve our students in a more meaningful way. chores comes into play. Let’s be realistic; chores are
inevitable. Whether it’s washing dishes or taking out
the trash, these tasks are an essential part of daily life.
(A) Therefore, in order to proceed with our project, we
But rather than viewing chores as purely obligatory
request you notify us of the review result
activities, why not seize these moments as
regarding the submitted documentation. I look
opportunities for physical activity? (B) , practice
forward to hearing from you.
squats or engage in some wall push­ups as you wait
(B) A delay in the process can carry considerable for your morning kettle to boil. Incorporating quick
consequences related to the school’s budgetary exercises into your daily chores can improve your
constraints and schedule.
health.
(C) Despite submitting all required documentation for
(A) (B)
funding to your department in April 2024, we
have not yet received any notification from your ① However In addition
department. ② Thus On the other hand
① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C) ③ However For example
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B) ④ Moreover In addition
⑤ (C) - (B) - (A) ⑤ Thus For example

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type B

Blink, Malcolm Gladwell describes a variety of studies

66. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르 in psychology and behavioral economics that demonstrate
the superior performance of
시오.66)
compared to logical step­by­step justifications for a
[202410H1_21함축의미추론_변형]
decision.
When we see something, we naturally and
automatically break it up into shapes, colors, and ① a well-reasoned self-narrative
concepts that we have learned through education. We
② relatively unconscious first guesses
recode what we see through the lens of everything we
③ a careful deliberation of facial features
know. We reconstruct memories rather than retrieving
the video from memory. This is a useful trait. It’s a ④ experimental tests of eyewitness testimony
more efficient way to store information ― a bit like ⑤ detailed discussions of selection procedures
an optimal image compression algorithm such as JPG,
rather than storing a raw bitmap image file. People
who lack this ability and remember everything in
perfect detail struggle to generalize, learn, and make
connections between what they have learned. But 68. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절
representing the world as abstract ideas and features 한 것을 고르시오.68)
comes at a cost of . Instead, we see the [202410H1_23주제추론_변형]

world through our assumptions, motivations, and past Many forms of research lead naturally to quantitative
experiences. The discovery that our memories are data.
reconstructed through abstract representations rather
than played back like a movie completely undermined
(A) Respondents’ recollections may be inaccurate, and
the legal primacy of eyewitness testimony. Seeing is
their definitions of ‘sad’ could vary widely. But
not believing.
asking “How many times in the past year were
* retrieve: 상기하다 ** primacy: 우위성 you sad enough to call in sick to work?” prompts
① seeing the world as it is a concrete answer.

② storing more information (B) Similarly, instead of asking people to rate how bad
a procrastinator they are, ask, “How many of your
③ improving our memory capacity
utility bills are you currently late in paying, even
④ enhancing our learning abilities
though you can afford to pay them?” Questions
⑤ developing better compression algorithms that seek concrete responses help make abstract
concepts clearer and ensure consistency from one
study to the next.

(C) A study of happiness might measure the number

67. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르 of times someone smiles during an interaction,
and a study of memory might measure the
시오.67)
number of items an individual can recall after one,
[202410H1_22요지추론_변형]
In his Cornell laboratory, David Dunning conducted five, and ten minutes. Asking people how many
experimental tests of eyewitness testimony and found times in a year they are sad will also yield
evidence that a careful deliberation of facial features quantitative data, but it might not be reliable.
and a detailed discussion of selection procedures can * procrastinator: 미루는 사람

actually be a sign of an inaccurate identification. It’s

① (A) - (C) - (B) ② (B) - (A) - (C)
when people find themselves unable to explain why
③ (B) - (C) - (A) ④ (C) - (A) - (B)
they recognize the person, saying things like “his face
just popped out at me,” that they tend to be accurate ⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)
more often. Sometimes our first, immediate, automatic
reaction to a situation is the truest interpretation of
what our mind is telling us. That very first impression
can also be more accurate about the world than the
deliberative, reasoned self­narrative can be. In his book

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type B

① were lost and never published

69. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르 ② became iconic almost instantly
시오.69) ③ were criticized for their lack of creativity
[202410H1_24제목추론_변형]
④ failed to make any impact on the public
The evolution of AI is often associated with the
⑤ were considered too controversial to release
concept of singularity. Singularity refers to the point at
which AI exceeds human intelligence. After that point,
it is predicted that AI will repeatedly improve itself
and evolve at an accelerated pace. When AI becomes
self­aware and pursues its own goals, it will be a
conscious being, not just a machine. AI and human
consciousness will then begin to evolve together. Our
consciousness will evolve to new dimensions through
our interactions with AI, which will provide us with 71. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?71)
intellectual stimulation and inspire new insights and [202410H1_29어법추론_변형]

creativity. Conversely, our consciousness also has a Digital technologies are essentially related to
significant impact on the evolution of AI. The direction metaphors, but digital metaphors are different from
of AI’s evolution will depend greatly on what values linguistic ones in important ways. Linguistic metaphors
and ethics we incorporate into AI. We need to see our are passive, in the sense that the audience needs to
relationship with AI as a coexistence of choose to actively enter the world proposed by
conscious beings, recognizing its rights and supporting metaphor. ① In the Shakespearean metaphor “time is
the evolution of its consciousness. a beggar,” the audience is unlikely to understand the
metaphor without cognitive effort and without further
① futile ② dubious ③ prudent engaging Shakespeare’s prose. ② Technological
④ solitary ⑤ mutual metaphors, on the other hand, are active (and often
imposing) in the sense that they are realized in digital
artifacts that are actively doing things, forcefully
changing a user’s meaning horizon. ③ Shakesperare’s
many works are now considered the best ones in
literature history. ④ Technological creators cannot
generally afford to require their potential audience to
wonder how the metaphor works; normally the selling
70. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르 point is that the usefulness of the technology is
obvious at first glance. ⑤ Shakespeare, on the other
시오.70)
hand, is beloved in part because the meaning of his
[202410H1_26내용불일치_변형]
Douglas Kirkland, known for his highly artistic works is not immediately obvious and requires some
portraits of Hollywood celebrities, was born in Toronto, thought on the part of the audience.
Canada. When he was young, he eagerly awaited the
weekly arrival of Life magazine and discussed the
photographs the magazine contained with his father.
Believing that he would have better career prospects,
Kirkland moved to the United States after graduating
from high school and found work at a photography
studio. When Look magazine hired him at age 24, he
became their second­youngest photographer ever. His
photos taken of Marilyn Monroe in 1961 .
Kirkland spent his weeks shooting day­to­day life
across the United States and his weekends in exotic
locations. His photo essays could run up to a dozen
pages and were seen by more than half of all
Americans.

- 24 -
 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type B

have been found since then, and there are now

72. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르 photographs of octopuses that could be said to be
transforming into sea snakes. ( ⑤ ) And while they
시오.72)
mimic, they hunt ― producing the spectacle of, say, a
[202410H1_30어휘추론_변형]
flounder suddenly developing an octopodian arm,
Herbert Simon won his Nobel Prize for recognizing
sticking it down a hole and grabbing whatever’s hiding
our limitations in information, time, and cognitive
there.
capacity. As we lack the resources to compute answers
independently, we distribute the computation across * flounder: 넙치 ** mimic: 모방하다

the population and solve the answer slowly, generation

by generation. Then all we have to do is socially learn
the right answers. You don’t need to understand how
your computer or toilet works; you just need to be
able to use the interface and flush. All that needs to
be transmitted is which button to push ― essentially 74. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다.
how to interact with technologies rather than how 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?74)
they work. And so instead of holding more [202410H1_32빈칸추론_변형]
information than we have mental capacity for and How much we suffer relates to how we frame the
indeed need to know, we could dedicate our large pain in our mind. When 1500m runners push
brains to a small piece of a giant calculation. We themselves into extreme pain to win a race ― their
understand things well enough to benefit from them, muscles screaming and their lungs exploding with
but all the while we are making small calculations that oxygen deficit, they don’t psychologically suffer much.
contribute to a larger whole. We are just doing our In fact, ultra­marathon runners ― those people who
part in a larger computation for . are crazy enough to push themselves beyond the
normal boundaries of human endurance, covering
① our societies’ collective brains
distances of 50 - 100km or more over many hours,
② the self-sufficient cognition of our group
talk about making friends with their pain. When a
③ the isolated thought processes of our society patient has paid for some form of passive back pain
④ the autonomous mental functions of our population therapy and the practitioner pushes deeply into a
⑤ the individual problem-solving approach of our painful part of a patient’s back to mobilise it, the
patient calls that good pain if he or she believes this
community
type of deep pressure treatment will be of value, even
though the practitioner is pushing right into the
patient’s sore tissues.


73. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에
We can (A) strong pain without much
가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.73) sufferings because how we experience pain resorts to
[202410H1_31빈칸추론_변형]
how we (B) it
Actually, what they saw at first was a flounder.
(A) (B)

The best defence most species of octopus have is to ① retain presume

stay hidden as much as possible and do their own ② tolerate perceive

hunting at night. ( ① ) So to find one in full view in ③ bear demonstrate
the shallows in daylight was a surprise for two ④ release stand
Australian underwater photographers. ( ② ) It was only
⑤ maintain acquire
when they looked again that they saw a medium­sized
octopus, with all eight of its arms folded and its two
eyes staring upwards to create the illusion. ( ③ ) An
octopus has a big brain, excellent eyesight and the
ability to change colour and pattern, and this one was
using these assets to turn itself into a completely
different creature. ( ④ ) Many more of this species

- 25 -
 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type B

75. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 76. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르

빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?75) 시오. 76)

[202410H1_33빈칸추론_변형] [202410H1_34빈칸추론_변형]
When I worked for a large electronics company that On­screen, climate disaster is everywhere you look,
manufactured laser and ink­jet printers, I soon but the scope of the world’s climate transformation
discovered why there are often three versions of many may just as quickly eliminate the climate­fiction genre
consumer goods. If the manufacturer makes only one ― indeed eliminate any effort to tell the story of
version of its product, people who bought it might warming, which could grow too large and too obvious
have been willing to spend more money, so the even for Hollywood. You can tell stories ‘about’ climate
company is losing some income. If the company offers change while it still seems a marginal feature of
two versions, one with more features and more human life. But when the temperature rises by three
expensive than the other, people will compare the two or four more degrees, . And so
models and still buy the less expensive one. But if the as climate change expands across the horizon, it may
company introduces a third model with even more cease to be a story. Why watch or read climate fiction
features and more expensive than the other two, sales about the world you can see plainly out your own
of the second model go up; many people like the window? At the moment, stories illustrating global
features of the most expensive model, but not the warming can still offer an escapist pleasure, even if
price. The middle item has more features than the that pleasure often comes in the form of horror. But
least expensive one, and it is less expensive than the when we can no longer pretend that climate suffering
fanciest model. They buy the middle item, unaware is distant — in time or in place ― we will stop
that they have been manipulated by the presence of pretending about it and start pretending within it.
the higher­priced item.
① climate disasters could be exaggerated for dramatic
 effect
In the marketing of consumer goods, manufacturers ② hardly anyone will be able to feel isolated from its
often create multiple versions of a product to impacts
influence purchasing decisions, leading consumers to
③ it will be impossible to reverse the damage done to
choose the (A) model while being blind to the
the planet
(B) model's impact
④ people will be more interested in stories about
(A) (B)
local issues
① cheapest more expensive
⑤ climate change will no longer have an influence on
② intermediate more costly future generations
③ standard latest
④ universal more unique
⑤ basic multi-functional

- 26 -
 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type B

77. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 78. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다.
빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?77) 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?78)
[202410H1_35무관한문장_변형] [202410H1_36순서추론_변형]
Today, the water crisis is political ― which is to say, As individuals, our ability to thrive depended on how
not inevitable or beyond our capacity to fix ― and, well we navigated relationships in a group. If the
therefore, functionally elective. That is one reason it is group valued us, we could count on support,
nevertheless distressing: an abundant resource made resources, and probably a mate. If it didn’t, we might
scarce through governmental neglect and indifference, get none of these merits. It was a matter of survival,
bad infrastructure and contamination, and careless physically and genetically. Over millions of years, the
urbanization. There is no need for a water crisis, in pressure selected for people who are sensitive to and
other words, but we have one anyway, and aren’t skilled at maximizing their standing. The result was the
doing much to address it. Some cities lose more water development of a tendency to unconsciously monitor
to leaks than they deliver to homes: even in the how other people in our community perceive us. We
United States, leaks and theft account for an estimated process that information in the form of self­esteem
loss of 16 percent of freshwater; in Brazil, the estimate and such related emotions as pride, shame, or
is 40 percent. Seen in both cases, as everywhere, the insecurity. These emotions compel us to do more of
selective scarcity clearly highlights have­and­have­not what makes our community value us and less of what
inequities, leaving 2.1 billion people without safe doesn’t. And, crucially, they are meant to make that
drinking water and 4.5 billion without proper sanitation motivation feel like it is coming from within. If we
worldwide. realized, on a conscious level, that we were responding
* elective: 선택의 to social pressure, our performance might come off as
grudging or cynical, making it less persuasive.

* grudging: 투덜대는
The water crisis is driven by (A) failures such
as poor governance and urbanization, leading to 
significant (B) in access to clean water and Humans evolved to unconsciously monitor others’
sanitation. (A) and improve social standing through
feelings like self-esteem, motivating behavior without
(A) (B)
being (B) of social pressure.
① practical disparities
(A) (B)
② human-made improvements
① dependence aware
③ external inefficiencies
② dependence ignorant
④ institutional disparities
③ views ignorant
⑤ environmental changes
④ views sensible
⑤ evolution heard

- 27 -
 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type B

79. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 80. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적

빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?79) 절한 것은?80)
[202410H1_37순서추론_변형] [202410H1_38문장삽입_변형]
Conventional medicine has long believed that The common accounts of human nature that float
depression is caused by an imbalance of around in society are generally a mixture of
neurotransmitters in the brain. However, there is a assumptions, tales and sometimes plain silliness.
major problem with this explanation. This is because (A) , psychology is different. It is the branch of
the imbalance of substances in the brain is a science that is devoted to understanding people: how
consequence of depression, not its cause. In other and why we act as we do; why we see things as we
words, depression causes a decrease in brain do; and how we interact with one another. The key
substances such as serotonin and noradrenaline, not a word here is ‘science.’ Psychologists don’t depend on
decrease in brain substances causes depression. In this opinions and hearsay, or the generally accepted views
revised cause­and­effect, the key is to reframe of society at the time, or even the considered
depression as a problem of consciousness. Our opinions of deep thinkers. (B) , they look for
consciousness is a more fundamental entity that goes evidence, to make sure that psychological ideas are
beyond the functioning of the brain. The brain is no firmly based, and not just derived from generally held
more than an organ of consciousness. If it is not beliefs or assumptions. In addition to this
consciousness itself, then the root cause of depression evidence­based approach, psychology deals with
is also a distortion of our state of consciousness: a fundamental processes and principles that generate our
consciousness that has lost its sense of self and the rich cultural and social diversity, as well as those
meaning of life. Such a disease of consciousness may shared by all human beings. These are what modern
manifest itself in the form of depression. psychology is all about.
* neurotransmitter: 신경 전달 물질 ** manifest: (명백히) 나타내다
(A) (B)
 ① Likewise Instead
"Depression is a (A) of consciousness, with ② However Instead
chemical (B) as a result, not the cause, rooted
③ Thus Likewise
in a loss of self and meaning."
④ However Moreover
(A) (B)
⑤ Thus Moreover
① disruption balances
② order discord
③ misinterpretation disparity
④ bias equilibrium
⑤ stability disproportion

- 28 -
 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type B

81. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 82. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은? 82)

빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?81) [202410H1_40요약문추론_변형]

[202410H1_39문장삽입_변형] Punishing a child may not be effective due to what

Life is what physicists might call a ‘high­dimensional Álvaro Bilbao, a neuropsychologist, calls ‘trick­
system,’ which is their fancy way of saying that there’s punishments.’ A trick­punishment is a scolding, a
a lot going on. In just a single cell, the number of moment of anger or a punishment in the most classic
possible interactions between different molecules is sense of the word. Instead of discouraging the child
enormous. Such a system can only hope to be stable from doing something, it encourages them to do it.
if only a smaller number of collective ways of being For example, Hugh learns that when he hits his little
may emerge. For example, it is only a limited number brother, his mother scolds him. ① For a child who
of tissues and body shapes that may result from the feels lonely, being scolded is much better than feeling
development of a human embryo. In 1942, the invisible, so he will continue to hit his brother. ② In
biologist Conrad Waddington called this drastic this case, his mother would be better adopting a
narrowing of outcomes canalization. The organism may different strategy. ③ For instance, she could
switch between a small number of well­defined congratulate Hugh when he has not hit his brother for
possible states, but can’t exist in random states in a certain length of time. ④ The specific amount of
between them, rather as a ball in a rough landscape time varies depending on the circumstances. ⑤ The
must roll to the bottom of one valley or another. mother clearly cannot allow the child to hit his little
We’ll see that this is true also of health and disease: brother, but instead of constantly pointing out the
there are many causes of illness, but their negatives, she can choose to reward the positives. In
manifestations at the physiological and symptomatic this way, any parent can avoid trick­punishments.
levels are often strikingly similar.
* embryo: 배아 ** physiological: 생리적인


The outcomes of both health and illness are (A)
or canalized due to the fact that the high-dimensional
system of life is (B) on a limited number of
collective modes of existence.

(A) (B)
① controlled drawn
② interrupted based
③ restricted contingent
④ determined keen
⑤ predicted hit

- 29 -
 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type B

※ 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오. [83-84]

[202410H1_41~42장문2문항_변형]
From an early age, we assign purpose to objects and
events, preferring this reasoning to random chance.
Children assume, for instance, ① that pointy rocks are
that way because they don’t want you to sit on them.
When we encounter something, we first need to
determine what sort of thing it is. Inanimate objects
and plants generally do not move and can ② be
evaluated from physics alone. (A) , by attributing
intention to animals and even objects, we are able to
make fast decisions about the likely behaviour of that
being. This was essential in our hunter­gatherer days
to avoid being eaten by predators.

The anthropologist Stewart Guthrie made the point

that survival in our evolutionary past meant that we
interpret ambiguous objects as agents with human
mental characteristics, as those are the mental
processes ③ which we understand. Ambiguous events
are caused by such agents. This results in a perceptual
system strongly biased towards anthropomorphism.
(B) , we tend to assume intention even
④ where there is none. This would have arisen as a
survival mechanism. If a lion is about to attack you,
you need to react quickly, given its probable intention
to kill you. By the time you have realized that the
design of its teeth and claws could kill you, you are
dead. So, assuming intent, without detailed design
analysis or understanding of the physics, ⑤ having
saved your life.
* ambiguous: 모호한 ** anthropomorphism: 의인화

83. 윗글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?83)

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

84. 윗글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한

것은?84)
(A) (B)
① Similarly However
② However Moreover
③ Thus In addition
④ However Therefore
⑤ Thus However

- 30 -
 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type C (1)

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

[202410H1_18목적추론_변형] [202410H1_19심경추론_변형]
To the State Education Department, As I waited outside the locker room after a hard‐
fought basketball game, the coach called out to me,
I am writing with regard to the state’s funding for
“David, walk with me.” (A) 나는 그가 나에게 무언가 중
the construction project at Fort Montgomery High
요한 것을 말해 줄 거라고 생각했다. He was going to
School. Our school needs additional spaces to provide
select me to be the captain of the team, the leader I
a fully functional Art and Library Media Center to
had always wanted to be. My heart was racing with
serve our students in a more meaningful way.
anticipation. But when his next words hit my ears,
(A) 2024년 4월에 귀하의 부서로 예산에 필요한 모든 서
everything changed. “We’re going to have to send you
류를 제출했음에도 불구하고, we have not yet received
home,” he said coldly. (B) “[ don’t / going / you /
any notification from your department. A delay in the
make / think / are / it / I / to ].“ I couldn’t believe
process can carry considerable consequences related to
his decision. I tried to hold it together, but inside I
the school’s budgetary constraints and schedule.
was falling apart. A car would be waiting tomorrow
Therefore, in order to proceed with our project, (B) 제
morning to take me home. And just like that, it was
출 서류와 관련한 검토 결과를 저희에게 통지해 줄 것을
over.
요청합니다. I look forward to hearing from you.

Respectfully,
87. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말과 같도록 아래
Clara Smith
<보기>의 단어를 알맞게 배열하시오.87)
Principal, Fort Montgomery High School
<보기>

important / tell / me / I / was / he / to / figured /

85. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말과 같도록 아래 something / going
<조건>을 참고하여 알맞게 영작하시오.85)
<보기>
department / require / submit / to / documentation / for
fund / despite

<조건>
- 전치사 및 동명사 활용
88. 윗글의 괄호 (A)에 주어진 단어를 문맥에 맞게
- <보기> 단어 어형 변화 주의, <보기> 포함 총 13단어
배열하시오.88)

86. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 우리말과 같도록 아래

<보기>의 단어를 알맞게 배열하시오.86)
<보기>

request / the / you / we / result / us / regarding /

submitted / of / the review / documentation / notify

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type C (1)

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

[202410H1_20주장추론_변형] [202410H1_21함축의미추론_변형]
For many of us, making time for exercise is a When we see something, we naturally and
continuing challenge. Between work commitments and automatically break it up into shapes, colors, and
family obligations, it often feels like there’s no room in concepts that we have learned through education.
our packed schedules for a dedicated workout. But (A) 우리는 우리가 알고 있는 모든 것의 렌즈를 통해 우
what if the workout came to you, right in the midst 리가 보는 것을 재부호화한다. We reconstruct memories
of your daily routine? (A) 그것이 바로 간단한 운동을 rather than retrieving the video from memory. This is
집안일에 통합시키는 아름다움이 작동하는 지점이다. a useful trait. It’s a more efficient way to store
Let’s be realistic; chores are inevitable. Whether it’s information ― a bit like an optimal image
washing dishes or taking out the trash, these tasks are compression algorithm such as JPG, rather than storing
an essential part of daily life. But rather than viewing a raw bitmap image file. People who lack this ability
chores as purely obligatory activities, why not seize and remember everything in perfect detail struggle to
these moments as opportunities for physical activity? generalize, learn, and make connections between what
For instance, practice squats or engage in some wall they have learned. But representing the world as
push­ups as you wait for your morning kettle to boil. abstract ideas and features comes at a cost of seeing
(B) [ quick exercises / improve / health / can / into / the world as it is. Instead, we see the world through
daily / chores / your / your / incorporating ]. our assumptions, motivations, and past experiences.
(B) 우리의 기억이 영화처럼 재생되기보다는 추상적 재현
을 통해 재구성된다는 발견은 completely undermined
89. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말과 같도록 아래 the legal primacy of eyewitness testimony. Seeing is
<조건>을 참고하여 알맞게 영작하시오. 89)
not believing.
<조건> * retrieve: 상기하다 ** primacy: 우위성

- that's, integrate, mini­exercises, come into play 활용

- 관계부사 활용, 필요시 어형 변화 91. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말과 같도록 아래

- 축약형 한 단어 기준 제시어 포함 총 13단어 <조건>을 참고하여 알맞게 영작하시오.91)
<보기>

recode / through / lens / everything / know

<조건>

- 관계대명사 what 활용 및 목적격 관계대명사 생략

- <보기> 포함 총 12단어

90. 윗글의 괄호 (B)에 주어진 단어를 문맥에 맞게

배열하시오. 90)

92. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 우리말과 같도록 아래

<보기>의 단어를 알맞게 배열하시오.92)
<보기>

like / abstract / back / than / representations / played

/ are / a movie / through / rather / the discovery /
that / our memories / reconstructed

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type C (1)

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

[202410H1_22요지추론_변형] [202410H1_23주제추론_변형]
In his Cornell laboratory, David Dunning conducted Many forms of research lead naturally to quantitative
experimental tests of eyewitness testimony and found data. A study of happiness might measure the number
evidence that a careful deliberation of facial features of times someone smiles during an interaction, and a
and a detailed discussion of selection procedures can study of memory might measure the number of items
actually be a sign of an inaccurate identification. It’s an individual can recall after one, five, and ten
(A) 왜 그 사람을 알아보는지 설명할 수 없는 스스로를 minutes. (A) 사람들에게 자신이 일 년에 몇 번 슬픈지
발견하는 바로 그때, saying things like “his face just 물어보는 것 또한 양적 데이터를 산출할 수 있다, but it
popped out at me,” that they tend to be accurate might not be reliable. Respondents’ recollections may
more often. Sometimes our first, immediate, automatic be inaccurate, and their definitions of ‘sad’ could vary
reaction to a situation is (B) 우리 마음이 우리에게 말하 widely. But asking “How many times in the past year
고 있는 것에 대한 가장 정확한 해석이다. That very first were you sad enough to call in sick to work?”
impression can also be more accurate about the world prompts a concrete answer. Similarly, instead of asking
than the deliberative, reasoned self­narrative can be. In people to rate how bad a procrastinator they are, ask,
his book Blink, Malcolm Gladwell describes a variety of “How many of your utility bills are you currently late
studies in psychology and behavioral economics that in paying, even though you can afford to pay them?”
demonstrate the superior performance of relatively (B) 구체적인 응답을 요구하는 질문은 추상적인 개념을
unconscious first guesses compared to logical 더 명확하게 만들고 한 연구에서 다음 연구 간의 일관성
step­by­step justifications for a decision. 을 보장하는 것을 돕는다.
* procrastinator: 미루는 사람

93. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말과 같도록 아래

<보기>의 단어를 알맞게 배열하시오.93) 95. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말과 같도록 아래
<보기> <보기>의 단어를 알맞게 배열하시오.95)
people / find / recognize / to / when / why / they / <보기>
unable / themselves / explain / the person people / data / a year / yield / they / asking / sad /
how / are / also / in / many / quantitative / times /
will

94. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 우리말과 같도록 아래

<조건>을 참고하여 알맞게 영작하시오.94)
96. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 우리말과 같도록 아래
<조건> <조건>을 참고하여 알맞게 영작하시오.96)
<보기>
- 관계대명사 what, 최상급, 진행시제 활용
reponses / study / abstract / concrete / make /
- true, interpretation, tell 활용
consistency / seek / concepts / ensure / clearer
- 제시어 포함 총 10단어

<조건>
- 관계대명사 that 활용, <보기> 포함 총 19단어

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type C (1)

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

[202410H1_24제목추론_변형] [202410H1_26내용불일치_변형]
The evolution of AI is often associated with the Douglas Kirkland, known for his highly artistic
concept of singularity. Singularity refers to the point at portraits of Hollywood celebrities, was born in Toronto,
which AI exceeds human intelligence. After that point, Canada. When he was young, he eagerly awaited the
it is predicted that (A) [ an / and / pace / will / weekly arrival of Life magazine and discussed the
evolve / AI / accelerated / at / repeatedly / itself / photographs the magazine contained with his father.
improve ]. When AI becomes self­aware and pursues (A) [ prospects / he / have / career / that / believing
its own goals, it will be a conscious being, not just a / better / would ], Kirkland moved to the United
machine. AI and human consciousness will then begin States after graduating from high school and found
to evolve together. Our consciousness will evolve to work at a photography studio. When Look magazine
new dimensions through our interactions with AI, hired him at age 24, he became their second­youngest
which will provide us with intellectual stimulation and photographer ever. His photos taken of Marilyn
inspire new insights and creativity. Conversely, our Monroe in 1961 became iconic almost instantly.
consciousness also has a significant impact on the Kirkland spent his weeks shooting day­to­day life
evolution of AI. The direction of AI’s evolution will across the United States and his weekends in exotic
depend greatly on what values and ethics we locations. (B) 그의 포토 에세이는 12페이지에 달했고 전
incorporate into AI. We need to see our relationship 체 미국인들 중 절반이 넘는 이들이 그것을 보았다.
with AI as a mutual coexistence of conscious beings,
(B) 우리는 그것의 권리를 인식하고 그것의 의식의 진화
를 지지하면서.
99. 윗글의 괄호 (A)에 주어진 단어를 문맥에 맞게
배열하시오.99)

97. 윗글의 괄호 (A)에 주어진 단어를 문맥에 맞게

배열하시오.97)

100. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 우리말과 같도록 아래

<조건>을 참고하여 알맞게 영작하시오.100)
<조건>
98. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 우리말과 같도록 아래
<조건>을 참고하여 알맞게 영작하시오.98) - essays, could, run, up to, see 활용
<조건> - 수동태 활용
- recognize, rights, support 활용 - 필요시 어형 변화, 제시어 포함 총 20단어
- 분사구문 및 병렬구조 활용, 제시어 포함 총 10단어

- 필요시 어형 변화

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type C (1)

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

[202410H1_29어법추론_변형] [202410H1_30어휘추론_변형]
Digital technologies are essentially related to Herbert Simon won his Nobel Prize for recognizing
metaphors, but digital metaphors are different from our limitations in information, time, and cognitive
linguistic ones in important ways. Linguistic metaphors capacity. As we lack the resources to compute answers
are passive, in the sense that (A) 독자가 은유에 의해 independently, we distribute the computation across
제시된 세계에 적극적으로 들어가도록 선택할 필요가 있 the population and solve the answer slowly, generation
다. In the Shakespearean metaphor “time is a beggar,” by generation. Then (A) 우리가 해야 하는 모든 것은 올
the audience is unlikely to understand the metaphor 바른 해답을 사회적으로 배우는 것이다. You don’t need
without cognitive effort and without further engaging to understand how your computer or toilet works; you
Shakespeare’s prose. Technological metaphors, on the just need to be able to use the interface and flush. All
other hand, are active (and often imposing) in the that needs to be transmitted is which button to push
sense that they are realized in digital artifacts that are
― essentially how to interact with technologies rather
actively doing things, forcefully changing a user’s
than how they work. And so (B) 우리가 정신적 수용을
meaning horizon. (B) 기술적인 창작자는 일반적으로 그
할 수 있는 것보다 그리고 정말로 알아야 할 필요가 있
들의 잠재적인 독자에게 어떻게 은유가 작용하는지 궁금
는 것보다 더 많은 정보를 가지는 것 대신에, we could
해하도록 요구할 여유가 없다; normally the selling point
dedicate our large brains to a small piece of a giant
is that the usefulness of the technology is obvious at
calculation. We understand things well enough to
first glance. Shakespeare, on the other hand, is
benefit from them, but all the while we are making
beloved in part because the meaning of his works is
small calculations that contribute to a larger whole.
not immediately obvious and requires some thought
on the part of the audience. We are just doing our part in a larger computation
for our societies’ collective brains.

101. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말과 같도록 아래

101) 103. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말과 같도록 아래
<조건>을 참고하여 알맞게 영작하시오.
<조건> <조건>을 참고하여 알맞게 영작하시오.103)
<보기>
- the audience, metaphor, propose, actively 활용
all / have to / social / learn
- 과거분사 활용
- <보기> 단어 어형 변화 주의, <보기> 포함 총 13단어
<조건>
- 목적격 관계대명사 생략 활용
- <보기> 단어 어형 변화 주의, <보기> 포함 총 11단어

102. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 우리말과 같도록 아래

<조건>을 참고하여 알맞게 영작하시오. 102)

<보기>
technological / afford / require / audience / work / 104. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 우리말과 같도록 아래
wonder / cannot <보기>의 단어를 알맞게 배열하시오.104)
<보기>
<조건> more / of / for / and / to / indeed / information /
- 5형식 및 간접의문문 활용 have / than / instead / mental / need / capacity /
holding / we / know
- <보기> 단어 어형 변화 주의, <보기> 포함 총 16단어

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type C (1)

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

[202410H1_31빈칸추론_변형] [202410H1_32빈칸추론_변형]
(A) 대부분의 문어 종이 가진 최고의 방어는 가능한 한 (A) 우리가 얼마나 고통받는지는 우리가 고통을 우리의
많이 숨어 있는 것이다 and do their own hunting at 마음에서 어떻게 구성하는지와 관련된다. When 1500m
night. So to find one in full view in the shallows in runners push themselves into extreme pain to win a
daylight was a surprise for two Australian underwater race ― their muscles screaming and their lungs
photographers. Actually, what they saw at first was a exploding with oxygen deficit, they don’t
flounder. It was only when they looked again that they psychologically suffer much. In fact, ultra­marathon
saw a medium­sized octopus, (B) 착시를 만들기 위해 runners ― (B) 인간 인내력의 정상적 경계를 넘어서 스
그것의 여덟 개의 팔이 접히고 그것의 두 눈이 위를 향 스로를 밀어붙일 만큼 충분히 열정적인 사람들은,
한 채로. An octopus has a big brain, excellent eyesight covering distances of 50 - 100km or more over many
and the ability to change colour and pattern, and this hours, talk about making friends with their pain. When
one was using these assets to turn itself into a a patient has paid for some form of passive back pain
completely different creature. Many more of this therapy and the practitioner pushes deeply into a
species have been found since then, and there are painful part of a patient’s back to mobilise it, the
now photographs of octopuses that could be said to patient calls that good pain if he or she believes this
be transforming into sea snakes. And while they type of deep pressure treatment will be of value, even
mimic, they hunt ― producing the spectacle of, say, a though the practitioner is pushing right into the
flounder suddenly developing an octopodian arm, patient’s sore tissues.
sticking it down a hole and grabbing whatever’s hiding
there.
107. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말과 같도록 아래
* flounder: 넙치 ** mimic: 모방하다
<보기>의 단어를 알맞게 배열하시오. 107)

<보기>
105. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말과 같도록 아래
to / much / frame / relates / how / the pain / in /
<조건>을 참고하여 알맞게 영작하시오.105) we / how / mind / we / our / suffer
<조건>

- defence, species, stay, hide 활용

- 최상급, 목적격 관계대명사 생략, 원급 비교 활용

- 필요시 어형 변화, 제시어 포함 16단어

108. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 우리말과 같도록 아래

<조건>을 참고하여 알맞게 영작하시오. 108)

<보기>

106. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 우리말과 같도록 아래 they / endurance / crazy / boundaries / beyond /
those / normal
<조건>을 참고하여 알맞게 영작하시오.106)
<조건>

- fold, stare, upwards, create, illusion 활용 <조건>

- with 분사구문 활용 - 관계대명사 who 및 enough to 구문 활용

- 필요시 어형 변화, 제시어 포함 17단어 - <보기> 단어 어형 변화 주의, <보기> 포함 총 16단어

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type C (1)

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

[202410H1_33빈칸추론_변형] [202410H1_34빈칸추론_변형]
When I worked for a large electronics company that On­screen, climate disaster is everywhere you look,
manufactured laser and ink­jet printers, I soon but the scope of the world’s climate transformation
discovered why there are often three versions of many may just as quickly eliminate the climate­fiction genre
consumer goods. If the manufacturer makes only one ― indeed eliminate any effort to tell the story of
version of its product, (A) 그것을 구매했던 사람들은 기 warming, which could grow too large and too obvious
꺼이 더 많은 돈을 쓰려고 했을 수도 있다, so the even for Hollywood. You can tell stories ‘about’ climate
company is losing some income. If the company offers change while it still seems a marginal feature of
two versions, one with more features and more human life. But when the temperature rises by three
expensive than the other, people will compare the two or four more degrees, (A) 아무도 그것의 영향으로부터
models and still buy the less expensive one. But if the 고립되었다고 느낄 수 없을 것이다. And so as climate
company introduces a third model with even more change expands across the horizon, it may cease to
features and more expensive than the other two, sales be a story. Why watch or read climate fiction about
of the second model go up; many people like the the world you can see plainly out your own window?
features of the most expensive model, but not the At the moment, stories illustrating global warming can
price. The middle item has more features than the still offer an escapist pleasure, even if that pleasure
least expensive one, and it is less expensive than the often comes in the form of horror. But when we can
fanciest model. They buy the middle item, (B) 그들은 no longer pretend that climate suffering is distant —
자신이 더 비싼 가격의 제품의 존재에 의해 조종되었다 in time or in place ― (B) 우리는 그것에 대해 가장하는
는 것을 알지 못한 채. 것을 멈추고 그것 내에서 가장하기 시작할 것이다.

109. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말과 같도록 아래 111. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말과 같도록 아래
<보기>의 단어를 알맞게 배열하시오. 109) <보기>의 단어를 알맞게 배열하시오.111)
<보기> <보기>

bought / money / it / people / spend / willing / been feel / to / able / from / will / be / impacts / isolated
/ who / more / to / have / might / hardly / anyone / its

110. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 우리말과 같도록 아래 112. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 우리말과 같도록 아래
<조건>을 참고하여 알맞게 영작하시오.110) <조건>을 참고하여 알맞게 영작하시오.112)
<보기> <보기>

the presence / manipulate / unaware / item / the stop / start / pretend / within
higher-priced / that

<조건>
<조건> - <보기> 1단어 중복 사용
- 현재완료 및 수동태 활용 - <보기> 단어 어형 변화 주의, <보기> 포함 총 11단어

- <보기> 단어 어형 변화 주의, <보기> 포함 총 13단어

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type C (1)

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

[202410H1_35무관한문장_변형] [202410H1_36순서추론_변형]
Today, the water crisis is political ― which is to say, As individuals, our ability to thrive depended on how
not inevitable or beyond our capacity to fix ― and, well we navigated relationships in a group. If the
therefore, functionally elective. That is one reason it is group valued us, we could count on support,
nevertheless distressing: an abundant resource made resources, and probably a mate. If it didn’t, we might
scarce through governmental neglect and indifference, get none of these merits. It was a matter of survival,
bad infrastructure and contamination, and careless physically and genetically. Over millions of years,
urbanization. There is no need for a water crisis, in (A) 그 압박은 자신의 지위를 최대화하는 데 민감하고 능
other words, but we have one anyway, and aren’t 숙한 사람들을 선택했다. The result was the development
doing much to address it. (A) 일부 도시들은 그들이 주 of a tendency to unconsciously monitor how other
택으로 공급하는 것보다 누수로 인해 더 많은 물을 잃는 people in our community perceive us. We process that
다: even in the United States, leaks and theft account information in the form of self­esteem and such
for an estimated loss of 16 percent of freshwater; in related emotions as pride, shame, or insecurity. (B) 이
Brazil, the estimate is 40 percent. Seen in both cases, 러한 감정들은 우리에게 우리의 공동체가 우리를 가치
as everywhere, the selective scarcity clearly highlights 있게 여기도록 만드는 것을 더 많이 하고 그렇지 않은
have­and­have­not (B) , leaving 2.1 billion people 것을 덜 하도록 강요한다. And, crucially, they are meant
without safe drinking water and 4.5 billion without to make that motivation feel like it is coming from
proper sanitation worldwide. within. If we realized, on a conscious level, that we
* elective: 선택의 were responding to social pressure, our performance
might come off as grudging or cynical, making it less
persuasive.
113. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말과 같도록 아래
* grudging: 투덜대는
<보기>의 단어를 알맞게 배열하시오.113)
<보기>
115. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말과 같도록 아래
deliver / than / water / lose / some / to / more /
<보기>의 단어를 알맞게 배열하시오.115)
they / to / homes / cities / leaks
<보기>

for / who / at / standing / and / the / sensitive /

pressure / skilled / maximizing / are / selected / to /
their / people

114. 윗글의 빈칸 (B)에 들어갈 단어를 아래 <보기>

의 영영풀이를 참고하여 알맞게 쓰시오.114)
<보기>

[NOUN] an unfair situation in which some people have 116. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 우리말과 같도록 아래
more rights or better opportunities than other people
<보기>의 단어를 알맞게 배열하시오.116)
<보기>
<조건> community / us / do / makes / our / what / what /
- 원형으로 작성할 것 less / more / us / emotions / these / doesn’t /
compel / to / and / value / of / of

→ i

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type C (1)

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

[202410H1_37순서추론_변형] [202410H1_38문장삽입_변형]
Conventional medicine has long believed that The common accounts of human nature that float
depression is caused by an imbalance of around in society are generally a mixture of
neurotransmitters in the brain. However, there is a assumptions, tales and sometimes plain silliness.
major problem with this explanation. This is because However, psychology is different. (A) 그것은 사람들을
the imbalance of substances in the brain is a 이해하는데 전념하는 과학 분야이다: how and why we
consequence of depression, not its cause. In other act as we do; why we see things as we do; and how
words, depression causes a decrease in brain we interact with one another. The key word here is
substances such as serotonin and noradrenaline, not a ‘science.’ Psychologists don’t depend on opinions and
decrease in brain substances causes depression. In this hearsay, or the generally accepted views of society at
revised cause­and­effect, the key is to reframe the time, or even the considered opinions of deep
depression as a problem of consciousness. (A) 우리의 thinkers. Instead, they look for evidence, to make sure
의식은 뇌의 기능을 넘어서는 보다 근본적인 실체이다. that psychological ideas are firmly based, and not just
The brain is no more than an organ of consciousness. derived from generally held beliefs or assumptions. In
If it is not consciousness itself, then the root cause of addition to this evidence­based approach, psychology
depression is also a distortion of our state of deals with fundamental processes and principles that
consciousness: a consciousness that has lost its sense generate our rich cultural and social diversity, as well
of self and the meaning of life. (B) 그러한 의식의 질환 as those shared by all human beings. (B) [ are / is /
이 우울증의 형태로 명백히 나타날 수 있다. what / about / these / modern / all / psychology ].
* neurotransmitter: 신경 전달 물질 ** manifest: (명백히) 나타내다

119. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말과 같도록 아래

117. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말과 같도록 아래 <보기>의 단어를 알맞게 배열하시오.119)
<조건>을 참고하여 알맞게 영작하시오. 117) <보기>
<보기> understanding / that / devoted / to / science / the /
consciousness / fundamental / functioning / go / people / is / branch / of / it
entity / beyond

<조건>

- 관계대명사 that 및 비교급 활용

- 필요시 어형 변화, <보기> 포함 총 15단어

120. 윗글의 괄호 (B)에 주어진 단어를 문맥에 맞게
배열하시오.120)

118. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 우리말과 같도록 아래

<보기>의 단어를 알맞게 배열하시오. 118)

<보기>

of / in / itself / consciousness / a disease / manifest /

depression / of / the form / may / such

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type C (1)

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

[202410H1_39문장삽입_변형] [202410H1_40요약문추론_변형]
Life is what physicists might call a ‘high­dimensional Punishing a child may not be effective due to what
system,’ which is their fancy way of saying that there’s Álvaro Bilbao, a neuropsychologist, calls ‘trick­punishments.’
a lot going on. In just a single cell, the number of A trick­punishment is a scolding, a moment of anger
possible interactions between different molecules is or a punishment in the most classic sense of the
enormous. Such a system can only hope to be stable word. (A) 아이가 무언가를 하는 것을 단념시키는 대신
if only a smaller number of collective ways of being 그것은 그들이 그것을 하도록 장려한다. For example,
may emerge. For example, (A) 인간 배아의 발달로부터 Hugh learns that when he hits his little brother, his
나올 수 있는 것은 오직 제한된 수의 조직과 신체 형태 mother scolds him. For a child who feels lonely, (B) 꾸
이다. In 1942, the biologist Conrad Waddington called 중을 듣는 것이 눈에 띄지 않는다고 느끼는 것보다 훨씬
this drastic narrowing of outcomes canalization. (B) 유 낫다, so he will continue to hit his brother. In this
기체는 적은 수의 명확하게 정의된 가능한 상태 사이에
case, his mother would be better adopting a different
서 바뀔 수 있다, but can’t exist in random states in
strategy. For instance, she could congratulate Hugh
between them, rather as a ball in a rough landscape
when he has not hit his brother for a certain length
must roll to the bottom of one valley or another.
of time. The mother clearly cannot allow the child to
We’ll see that this is true also of health and disease:
hit his little brother, but instead of constantly pointing
there are many causes of illness, but their
out the negatives, she can choose to reward the
manifestations at the physiological and symptomatic
positives. In this way, any parent can avoid
levels are often strikingly similar.
trick­punishments.
* embryo: 배아 ** physiological: 생리적인

123. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말과 같도록 아래

121. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말과 같도록 아래
<보기>의 단어를 알맞게 배열하시오.123)
<보기>의 단어를 알맞게 배열하시오.121)
<보기>
<보기>
instead of / them / encourages / the child / doing /
and / tissues / may / a human / embryo / shapes / it
do / something, / it / discouraging / from / to / it
/ of / result / only / a limited number / of / that /
the development / is / body / from

<조건>

- 강조 구문으로 작성

124. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 우리말과 같도록 아래

<조건>을 참고하여 알맞게 영작하시오.124)
<조건>
122. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 우리말과 같도록 아래
- scold, much, feel, invisible, be 활용
<조건>을 참고하여 알맞게 영작하시오.122)
<보기> - 동명사 및 비교급 활용

may / well-defined / states / switch / small / between - 필요시 어형 변화, 제시어 포함 총 8단어

<조건>
- <보기> 포함 총 12단어

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type C (1)

※ 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

[202410H1_41~42장문2문항_변형]
From an early age, we assign purpose to objects and
events, preferring this reasoning to random chance.
Children assume, for instance, that pointy rocks are
that way because they don’t want you to sit on them.
When we encounter something, we first need to
determine what sort of thing it is. Inanimate objects
and plants generally do not move and can be
evaluated from physics alone. However, by attributing
intention to animals and even objects, we are able to
make fast decisions about the likely behaviour of that
being. (A) 이는 우리의 수렵 채집 시절에 포식자에게 잡
아먹히는 것을 피하기 위해 필수적이었다.

The anthropologist Stewart Guthrie made the point

that survival in our evolutionary past meant that we
interpret ambiguous objects as agents with human
mental characteristics, as those are the mental
processes which we understand. (B) events are
caused by such agents. This results in a perceptual
system strongly biased towards anthropomorphism.
Therefore, we tend to assume intention even where
there is none. This would have arisen as a survival
mechanism. If a lion is about to attack you, you need
to react quickly, given its probable intention to kill
you. By the time you have realized that the design of
its teeth and claws could kill you, you are dead. So,
assuming intent, without detailed design analysis or
understanding of the physics, has saved your life.
* ambiguous: 모호한 ** anthropomorphism: 의인화

125. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 우리말과 같도록 아래

<보기>의 단어를 알맞게 배열하시오.125)
<보기>

in / eaten / essential / hunter-gatherer / by / days /

our / this / predators / was / avoid / being / to

126. 윗글의 빈칸 (B)에 들어갈 단어를 아래 <보기>

의 영영풀이를 참고하여 알맞게 쓰시오.126)
<보기>

[Adj.] not expressed or understood clearly

→ a

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type C (2)

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

[202410H1_18목적추론_변형] [202410H1_19심경추론_변형]
To the State Education Department, As I waited outside the locker room after a hard‐
fought basketball game, the coach called out to me,
I am writing with regard to the state’s funding for
“David, walk with me.” ⓐ I figured he was going to
the construction project at Fort Montgomery High
tell to me something important. ⓑ He was going to
School. ⓐ Our school needs additional spaces to be
select me to be the captain of the team, the leader I
provided a fully functional Art and Library Media
have always wanted to be. My heart was racing with
Center to serve our students in a more meaningful
anticipation. But ⓒ when his next words were hit my
way. ⓑ Despite submitting all requiring documentation
ears, everything changed. “We’re going to have to
for funding to your department in April 2024, we have
send you home,” he said coldly. “I don’t think you are
not yet received any notification from your
going to make it.” I couldn’t believe his decision. ⓓ I
department. ⓒ A delay in the process can carry
tried to hold it but inside I was falling apart. ⓔ A car
considerable consequences related to the school’s
would be waiting tomorrow morning to take me
budgetary constraints and schedule. Therefore, in order
home. And just like that, it was over.
to proceed with our project, ⓓ we request you notify
us of the review result regarding the submitted
documentation. ⓔ I look forward to hear from you. 128. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 틀린 문장을
Respectfully, 찾아 올바른 문장으로 고쳐 쓰시오.128)
Clara Smith

Principal, Fort Montgomery High School 번호 수정안

( ) :
127. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 틀린 문장을
찾아 올바른 문장으로 고쳐 쓰시오.127)
( ) :

번호 수정안
( ) :

( ) :

( ) :

( ) :

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type C (2)

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

[202410H1_20주장추론_변형] [202410H1_21함축의미추론_변형]
For many of us, ⓐ making time for exercise is a When we see something, ⓐ we naturally and
continuing challenge. Between work commitments and automatically break it up into shapes, colors, and
family obligations, it often feels like there’s no room in concepts that we have learned through education. We
our packed schedules for a dedicated workout. But recode what we see through the lens of everything we
ⓑ what if the workout came to you, right in the know. ⓑ We reconstruct memories rather than retrieving
midst of your daily routine? ⓒ That’s where the the video from memory. This is a useful trait. It’s a
beauty of integrating mini­exercises into household more efficient way to store information ― a bit like
chores come into play. Let’s be realistic; chores are an optimal image compression algorithm such as JPG,
inevitable. Whether it’s washing dishes or taking out rather than storing a raw bitmap image file. ⓒ People
the trash, these tasks are an essential part of daily life. who lack this ability and remember everything in
But ⓓ rather than viewing chores as purely obligatory perfect detail struggling to generalize, learn, and make
activities, why not seize these moments as opportunities connections between what they have learned. But
for physical activity? For instance, ⓔ practice squats or ⓓ representing the world as abstract ideas and
engage in some wall push­ups as you wait for your features comes at a cost of seeing the world as it
morning kettle boil. Incorporating quick exercises into does. Instead, we see the world through our
your daily chores can improve your health. assumptions, motivations, and past experiences. ⓔ The
discovery which our memories are reconstructed
through abstract representations rather than played
129. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 틀린 문장을 back like a movie completely undermined the legal
찾아 올바른 문장으로 고쳐 쓰시오.129) primacy of eyewitness testimony. Seeing is not
believing.
번호 수정안 * retrieve: 상기하다 ** primacy: 우위성

( ) : 130. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 틀린 문장을

찾아 올바른 문장으로 고쳐 쓰시오.130)
( ) :

번호 수정안

( ) :

( ) :

( ) :

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type C (2)

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

[202410H1_22요지추론_변형] [202410H1_23주제추론_변형]
In his Cornell laboratory, David Dunning conducted Many forms of research lead naturally to quantitative
experimental tests of eyewitness testimony and found data. A study of happiness might measure the number
ⓐ evidence that a careful deliberation of facial of times someone smiles during an interaction, and a
features and a detailed discussion of selection study of memory might measure the number of items
procedures can actually be a sign of an inaccurate an individual can recall after one, five, and ten
identification. ⓑ It’s when people find themselves minutes. ⓐ Asking people how many times in a year
unable to explain why they recognize the person, say they are sad will also yield quantitative data, but it
things like “his face just popped out at me,” that they might not be reliable. Respondents’ recollections may
tend to be accurate more often. Sometimes our first, be inaccurate, and ⓑ their definitions of ‘sad’ could
immediate, automatic reaction to a situation is the be varied widely. But ⓒ asking “How many times in
truest interpretation of what our mind is telling us. the past year were you sad enough to call in sick to
ⓒ That very first impression can also be more work?” prompt a concrete answer. Similarly, ⓓ instead
accurate about the world than the deliberative, of asking people to rate how bad a procrastinator
reasoned self­narrative can do. In his book Blink, they are, ask, “How many of your utility bills are you
ⓓ Malcolm Gladwell describes a variety of studies in currently late in paying, even though you can afford
psychology and behavioral economics that demonstrate to pay them?” ⓔ Questions that seek concrete
the superior performance of relatively unconscious first responses to help make abstract concepts clearer and
guesses comparing to logical step­by­step justifications ensure consistency from one study to the next.
for a decision. * procrastinator: 미루는 사람

131. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓓ 중 어법상 틀린 문장을 132. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 틀린 문장을
찾아 올바른 문장으로 고쳐 쓰시오.131) 찾아 올바른 문장으로 고쳐 쓰시오.132)

번호 수정안 번호 수정안

( ) : ( ) :

( ) : ( ) :

( ) : ( ) :

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type C (2)

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

[202410H1_24제목추론_변형] [202410H1_26내용불일치_변형]
The evolution of AI is often associated with the ⓐ Douglas Kirkland, known for his highly artistic
concept of singularity. ⓐ Singularity refers to the point portraits of Hollywood celebrities, was born in Toronto,
which AI exceeds human intelligence. After that point, Canada. When he was young, ⓑ he eagerly awaited
it is predicted that ⓑ AI will repeatedly improve it for the weekly arrival of Life magazine and discussed
and evolve at an accelerated pace. When AI becomes the photographs the magazine contained with his
self­aware and pursues its own goals, it will be a father. ⓒ Believing what he would have better career
conscious being, not just a machine. AI and human prospects, Kirkland moved to the United States after
consciousness will then begin to evolve together. graduating from high school and found work at a
ⓒ Our consciousness will evolve to new dimensions photography studio. When Look magazine hired him
through our interactions with AI, that will provide us at age 24, he became their second­youngest
with intellectual stimulation and inspire new insights photographer ever. ⓓ His photos taken of Marilyn
and creativity. Conversely, our consciousness also has a Monroe in 1961 became iconic almost instantly.
significant impact on the evolution of AI. ⓓ The Kirkland spent his weeks shooting day­to­day life
direction of AI’s evolution will depend greatly on what across the United States and his weekends in exotic
values and ethics we incorporate into AI. We need to locations. ⓔ His photo essays could run up to a
see our relationship with AI as a mutual coexistence of dozen pages and seen by more than half of all
conscious beings, ⓔ recognizing its rights and Americans.
supporting the evolution of its consciousness.

134. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 틀린 문장을

133. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 틀린 문장을 찾아 올바른 문장으로 고쳐 쓰시오.134)
찾아 올바른 문장으로 고쳐 쓰시오.133)
번호 수정안
번호 수정안

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( ) :
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※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

[202410H1_29어법추론_변형] [202410H1_30어휘추론_변형]
Digital technologies are essentially related to metaphors, Herbert Simon won his Nobel Prize for recognizing
but digital metaphors are different from linguistic ones our limitations in information, time, and cognitive
in important ways. ⓐ Linguistic metaphors are passive, capacity. As we lack the resources to compute answers
in the sense that the audience needs to choose to independently, ⓐ we distribute the computation across
actively enter the world proposing by metaphor. In the the population and solve the answer slowly, generation
Shakespearean metaphor “time is a beggar,” ⓑ the by generation. ⓑ Then all we have to do is socially
audience is unlikely to understand the metaphor learn the right answers. You don’t need to understand
without cognitive effort and without further engaging how your computer or toilet works; you just need to
Shakespeare’s prose. Technological metaphors, on the be able to use the interface and flush. ⓒ All what
other hand, are active (and often imposing) in the needs to be transmitted is which button to push ―
sense that ⓒ they are realized in digital artifacts that essentially how to interact with technologies rather
are actively doing things, forcefully change a user’s than how they work. And so ⓓ instead of holding
meaning horizon. ⓓ Technological creators cannot more information than we have mental capacity for
generally afford to require their potential audience and indeed needing to know, we could dedicate our
wondering how the metaphor works; normally the large brains to a small piece of a giant calculation. We
selling point is that the usefulness of the technology is understand things well enough to benefit from them,
obvious at first glance. Shakespeare, on the other but ⓔ all the while we are making small calculations
hand, is beloved in part ⓔ because the meaning of that contribute to a larger whole. We are just doing
his works is not immediately obvious and requires our part in a larger computation for our societies’
some thought on the part of the audience. collective brains.

135. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 틀린 문장을 136. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 틀린 문장을
찾아 올바른 문장으로 고쳐 쓰시오.135) 찾아 올바른 문장으로 고쳐 쓰시오.136)

번호 수정안 번호 수정안

( ) : ( ) :

( ) : ( ) :

( ) :

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type C (2)

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

[202410H1_31빈칸추론_변형] [202410H1_32빈칸추론_변형]
ⓐ The best defence most species of octopus have is ⓐ How much we suffer relates to how we frame the
to stay hidden as much as possible and does their pain in our mind. ⓑ When 1500m runners push
own hunting at night. So to find one in full view in themselves into extreme pain to win a race ― their
the shallows in daylight was a surprise for two muscles screaming and their lungs exploding with
Australian underwater photographers. Actually, what oxygen deficit, they don’t psychologically suffer much.
they saw at first was a flounder. ⓑ It was only when In fact, ⓒ ultra­marathon runners ― those people
they looked again what they saw a medium­sized who are crazy enough to push themselves beyond the
octopus, with all eight of its arms folded and its two normal boundaries of human endurance, covering
eyes staring upwards to create the illusion. An octopus distances of 50-100km or more over many hours,
has a big brain, excellent eyesight and the ability to talking about making friends with their pain. When a
change colour and pattern, and ⓒ this one was using patient has paid for some form of passive back pain
these assets to turn it into a completely different therapy and the practitioner pushes deeply into a
creature. Many more of this species have been found painful part of a patient’s back to mobilise it, ⓓ the
since then, and ⓓ there are now photographs of patient calls that good pain if he or she believes this
octopuses that could be said to be transforming into type of deep pressure treatment will be of value,
sea snakes. And while they mimic, they hunt ― despite the practitioner is pushing right into the
producing the spectacle of, say, ⓔ a flounder suddenly patient’s sore tissues.
developing an octopodian arm, sticking it down a hole
and grabbing whatever’s hiding there.
138. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓓ 중 어법상 틀린 문장을
* flounder: 넙치 ** mimic: 모방하다
찾아 올바른 문장으로 고쳐 쓰시오.138)

137. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 틀린 문장을

번호 수정안
찾아 올바른 문장으로 고쳐 쓰시오.137)

( ) :
번호 수정안

( ) :
( ) :

( ) :

( ) :

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type C (2)

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

[202410H1_33빈칸추론_변형] [202410H1_34빈칸추론_변형]
ⓐ When I worked for a large electronics company On­screen, climate disaster is everywhere you look,
where manufactured laser and ink­jet printers, I soon but the scope of the world’s climate transformation
discovered why there are often three versions of many may just as quickly eliminate the climate­fiction genre
consumer goods. ⓑ If the manufacturer makes only ― indeed eliminate any effort to tell the story of
one version of its product, people who bought it warming, ⓐ which could grow too large and too
might have been willing to spend more money, so the obvious even for Hollywood. You can tell stories
company is lost some income. If the company offers ‘about’ climate change while it still seems a marginal
two versions, one with more features and more feature of human life. But when the temperature rises
expensive than the other, ⓒ people will compare the by three or four more degrees, ⓑ hardly anyone will
two models and still buy the less expensive one. But be able to feel isolating from its impacts. And ⓒ so
ⓓ if the company introduces a third model with even as climate change expands across the horizon, it may
more features and more expensive than the other two, cease to be a story. Why watch or read climate fiction
sales of the second model go up; many people like about the world you can see plainly out your own
the features of the most expensive model, but not the window? At the moment, ⓓ stories illustrated global
price. The middle item has more features than the warming can still offer an escapist pleasure, even if
least expensive one, and it is less expensive than the that pleasure often comes in the form of horror. But
fanciest model. ⓔ They buy the middle item, unaware ⓔ when we can no longer pretend where climate
what they have been manipulated by the presence of suffering is distant — in time or in place ― we will
the higher­priced item. stop pretending about it and start pretending within it.

139. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 틀린 문장을 140. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 틀린 문장을
찾아 올바른 문장으로 고쳐 쓰시오.139) 찾아 올바른 문장으로 고쳐 쓰시오.140)

번호 수정안 번호 수정안

( ) : ( ) :

( ) : ( ) :

( ) : ( ) :

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type C (2)

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

[202410H1_35무관한문장_변형] [202410H1_36순서추론_변형]
Today, ⓐ the water crisis is political ― which is to As individuals, ⓐ our ability to thrive depended on
say, not inevitable or beyond our capacity to fix ― how we navigated relationships in a group well. If the
and, therefore, functionally elective. ⓑ That is one group valued us, we could count on support,
reason it is nevertheless distressed: an abundant resources, and probably a mate. ⓑ If it didn’t, we
resource made scarce through governmental neglect might get none of these merits. It was a matter of
and indifference, bad infrastructure and contamination, survival, physically and genetically. Over millions of
and careless urbanization. ⓒ There is no need for a years, the pressure selected for people who are
water crisis, in other words, but we have one anyway, sensitive to and skilled at maximizing their standing.
and aren’t doing much to address them. Some cities ⓒ The result was the development of a tendency to
lose more water to leaks than they deliver to homes: unconsciously monitor how other people in our
ⓓ even in the United States, leaks and theft account community perceive us. We process that information in
for an estimated loss of 16 percent of freshwater; in the form of self­esteem and such related emotions as
Brazil, the estimate is 40 percent. Seen in both cases, pride, shame, or insecurity. These emotions compel us
as everywhere, ⓔ the selective scarcity clearly to do more of what makes our community value us
highlights have­and­have­not inequities, leaves 2.1 and less of what doesn’t. And, crucially, ⓓ they are
billion people without safe drinking water and 4.5 meant to make that motivation feels like it is coming
billion without proper sanitation worldwide. from within. ⓔ If we realized, on a conscious level,
* elective: 선택의 that we were responding to social pressure, our
performance might come off as grudging or cynical,
making it less persuasively.
141. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 틀린 문장을
* grudging: 투덜대는
찾아 올바른 문장으로 고쳐 쓰시오.141)

142. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 틀린 문장을

번호 수정안
찾아 올바른 문장으로 고쳐 쓰시오.142)

( ) :
번호 수정안

( ) :
( ) :

( ) :
( ) :

( ) :

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type C (2)

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

[202410H1_37순서추론_변형] [202410H1_38문장삽입_변형]
Conventional medicine has long believed that ⓐ The common accounts of human nature that floats
depression is caused by an imbalance of around in society are generally a mixture of
neurotransmitters in the brain. However, there is a assumptions, tales and sometimes plain silliness.
major problem with this explanation. ⓐ This is However, psychology is different. ⓑ It is the branch of
because the imbalance of substances in the brain is a science that is devoted to understand people: how
consequence of depression, not its cause. In other and why we act as we do; why we see things as we
words, ⓑ depression causes a decrease in brain do; and how we interact with one another. The key
substances such as serotonin and noradrenaline, not a word here is ‘science.’ ⓒ Psychologists don’t depend
decrease in brain substances cause depression. In this on opinions and hearsay, or the generally accepted
revised cause­and­effect, the key is to reframe views of society at the time, or even the considered
depression as a problem of consciousness. ⓒ Our opinions of deep thinkers. Instead, ⓓ they look for
consciousness is a more fundamental entity what goes evidence, to make sure that psychological ideas firmly
beyond the functioning of the brain. The brain is no based, and not just derived from generally held beliefs
more than an organ of consciousness. ⓓ If it is not or assumptions. In addition to this evidence­based
consciousness itself, then the root cause of depression approach, psychology deals with fundamental processes
is also a distortion of our state of consciousness: a and principles that generate our rich cultural and
consciousness that has lost its sense of self and the social diversity, as well as those shared by all human
meaning of life. ⓔ Such a disease of consciousness beings. ⓔ These are what modern psychology is all
may manifest it in the form of depression. about.
* neurotransmitter: 신경 전달 물질 ** manifest: (명백히) 나타내다

144. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 틀린 문장을

143. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 틀린 문장을 찾아 올바른 문장으로 고쳐 쓰시오.144)
찾아 올바른 문장으로 고쳐 쓰시오.143)
번호 수정안
번호 수정안
( ) :
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( ) :
( ) :
( ) :
( ) :

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type C (2)

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

[202410H1_39문장삽입_변형] [202410H1_40요약문추론_변형]
Life is what physicists might call a ‘high­dimensional ⓐ Punishing a child may not be effective due to
system,’ which is their fancy way of saying that there’s what Álvaro Bilbao, a neuropsychologist, calls ‘trick­
a lot going on. In just a single cell, ⓐ the number of punishments.’ A trick­punishment is a scolding, a
possible interactions between different molecules are moment of anger or a punishment in the most classic
enormous. Such a system can only hope to be stable sense of the word. ⓑ Instead of discouraging the
ⓑ if only a smaller number of collective ways of child from doing something, it encourages them doing
being may be emerged. For example, ⓒ it is only a it. For example, Hugh learns that when he hits his
limited number of tissues and body shapes that may little brother, his mother scolds him. ⓒ For a child
result from the development of a human embryo. In who feels lonely, being scolded is much better than
1942, the biologist Conrad Waddington called this felt invisible, so he will continue to hit his brother. In
drastic narrowing of outcomes canalization. ⓓ The this case, ⓓ his mother would be better adopting a
organism may switch between a small number of different strategy. For instance, ⓔ she could congratulate
well­defined possible states, but can’t exist in random Hugh when he had not hit his brother for a certain
states in between them, rather as a ball in a rough length of time. The mother clearly cannot allow the
landscape must roll to the bottom of one valley or child to hit his little brother, but instead of constantly
another. We’ll see that this is true also of health and pointing out the negatives, she can choose to reward
disease: ⓔ there are many causes of illness, but their the positives. In this way, any parent can avoid
manifestations at the physiological and symptomatic trick­punishments.
levels are often strikingly similar.
* embryo: 배아 ** physiological: 생리적인
146. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 틀린 문장을
찾아 올바른 문장으로 고쳐 쓰시오.146)
145. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 틀린 문장을
찾아 올바른 문장으로 고쳐 쓰시오.145) 번호 수정안

번호 수정안 ( ) :

( ) : ( ) :

( ) : ( ) :

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type C (2)

※ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
[202410H1_41~42장문2문항_변형]
From an early age, we assign purpose to objects and
events, preferring this reasoning to random chance.
ⓐ Children assume, for instance, that pointy rocks are
that way because they don’t want you to sit on them.
When we encounter something, we first need to
determine what sort of thing it is. Inanimate objects
and plants generally do not move and can be
evaluated from physics alone. However, ⓑ by
attributing intention to animals and even objects, we
are able to make fast decisions about the likely
behaviour of that being. This was essential in our
hunter­gatherer days to avoid being eaten by
predators.

The anthropologist Stewart Guthrie made the point

that ⓒ survival in our evolutionary past meant that we
interpret ambiguous objects as agents with human
mental characteristics, as those are the mental
processes what we understand. Ambiguous events are
caused by such agents. This results in a perceptual
system strongly biased towards anthropomorphism.
ⓓ Therefore, we tend to assume intention even which
there is none. This would have arisen as a survival
mechanism. ⓔ If a lion is about to attack you, you
need to react quickly, given its probable intention to
kill you. By the time you have realized that the design
of its teeth and claws could kill you, you are dead. So,
assuming intent, without detailed design analysis or
understanding of the physics, has saved your life.
* ambiguous: 모호한 ** anthropomorphism: 의인화

147. 윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중 어법상 틀린 문장을

찾아 올바른 문장으로 고쳐 쓰시오.147)

번호 수정안

( ) :

( ) :

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type D (1) 어법

148. 다음 글에서 어법상 어색한 부분을 모두 골라 149. 다음 글에서 어법상 어색한 부분을 모두 골라
바르게 고치시오. (틀린 부분 3개)148) 바르게 고치시오. (틀린 부분 3개)149)
[202410H1_18목적추론_변형] [202410H1_19심경추론_변형]
To the State Education Department, As I waited outside the locker room after a hard‐
fought basketball game, the coach was called out to
I am writing with regard to the state’s funding for
me, “David, walk with me.” I figured he was going to
the construction project at Fort Montgomery High
tell me something important. He was going to select
School. Our school needs additional spaces to provide
me to be the captain of the team, the leader I had
a fully functional Art and Library Media Center to
always wanted to do. My heart was racing with
serve our students in a more meaningful way. Despite
anticipation. But when his next words hit my ears,
submitted all required documentation for funding to
everything changed. “We’re going to have to send you
your department in April 2024, we have not yet
home,” he said cold. “I don’t think you are going to
received any notification from your department. A
make it.” I couldn’t believe his decision. I tried to hold
delay in the process can carry considerable consequences
it together, but inside I was falling apart. A car would
related to the school’s budgetary constraints and
be waiting tomorrow morning to take me home. And
schedule. Therefore, in order to proceed with our
just like that, it was over.
project, we request you notify us of the review result
regarding the submitting documentation. I look
forward to hear from you.

Respectfully,
틀린 부분 수정
Clara Smith

Principal, Fort Montgomery High School

틀린 부분 수정

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150. 다음 글에서 어법상 어색한 부분을 모두 골라 151. 다음 글에서 어법상 어색한 부분을 모두 골라
바르게 고치시오. (틀린 부분 4개)150) 바르게 고치시오. (틀린 부분 6개)151)
[202410H1_20주장추론_변형] [202410H1_21함축의미추론_변형]
For many of us, making time for exercise is a When we see something, we naturally and
continuing challenge. Between work commitments and automatically break up it into shapes, colors, and
family obligations, it often feels like there’s no room in concepts that we have learned through education. We
our packed schedules for a dedicated workout. But recode that we see through the lens of everything we
what if the workout came to you, right in the midst know. We reconstruct memories rather than retrieving
of your daily routine? That’s what the beauty of the video from memory. This is a useful trait. It’s a
integrating mini­exercises into household chores come more efficient way to store information ― a bit like
into play. Let’s be realistic; chores are inevitable. If it’s an optimal image compression algorithm such as JPG,
washing dishes or taking out the trash, these tasks are rather than storing a raw bitmap image file. People
an essential part of daily life. But rather than viewing who lack this ability and remember everything in
chores as purely obligatory activities, why not seize perfect detail to struggle to generalize, learn, and
these moments as opportunities for physical activity? make connections between that they have learned. But
For instance, practice squats or engage in some wall representing the world as abstract ideas and features
push­ups as you wait for your morning kettle boiling. come at a cost of seeing the world as it is. Instead,
Incorporating quick exercises into your daily chores we see the world through our assumptions, motivations,
can improve your health. and past experiences. The discovery which our memories
are reconstructed through abstract representations
rather than played back like a movie completely
undermined the legal primacy of eyewitness testimony.
틀린 부분 수정 Seeing is not believing.
* retrieve: 상기하다 ** primacy: 우위성

틀린 부분 수정

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type D (1) 어법

152. 다음 글에서 어법상 어색한 부분을 모두 골라 153. 다음 글에서 어법상 어색한 부분을 모두 골라
바르게 고치시오. (틀린 부분 5개)152) 바르게 고치시오. (틀린 부분 7개)153)
[202410H1_22요지추론_변형] [202410H1_23주제추론_변형]
In his Cornell laboratory, David Dunning conducted Many forms of research lead naturally to quantitative
experimental tests of eyewitness testimony and found data. A study of happiness might measure the number
evidence what a careful deliberation of facial features of times someone smiles during an interaction, and a
and a detailed discussion of selection procedures can study of memory might measure the number of items
actually be a sign of an inaccurate identification. It’s an individual can recall them after one, five, and ten
when people find themselves unable to explain what minutes. Ask people how many times in a year are
they recognize the person, said things like “his face they sad will also yield quantitative data, but it might
just popped out at me,” that they tend to be accurate not be reliable. Respondents’ recollections may be
more often. Sometimes our first, immediate, automatic inaccurate, and their definitions of ‘sad’ could vary
reaction to a situation is the truest interpretation of widely. But asking “How many times in the past year
what our mind is told us. That very first impression were you sad enough to call in sick to work?” prompt
can also be more accurate about the world than the a concrete answer. Similarly, instead of asking people
deliberative, reasoned self­narrative can do. In his book rating how badly a procrastinator they are, ask, “How
Blink, Malcolm Gladwell describes a variety of studies many of your utility bills are you currently late in
in psychology and behavioral economics that paying, despite you can afford to pay them?”
demonstrate the superior performance of relatively Questions that seek concrete responses help make
unconscious first guesses compared to logical abstract concepts clearer and ensure consistency from
step­by­step justifications for a decision. one study to the next.
* procrastinator: 미루는 사람

틀린 부분 수정
틀린 부분 수정

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type D (1) 어법

154. 다음 글에서 어법상 어색한 부분을 모두 골라 155. 다음 글에서 어법상 어색한 부분을 모두 골라
바르게 고치시오. (틀린 부분 5개)154) 바르게 고치시오. (틀린 부분 4개)155)
[202410H1_24제목추론_변형] [202410H1_26내용불일치_변형]
The evolution of AI is often associated with the Douglas Kirkland, known for his highly artistic
concept of singularity. Singularity refers to the point portraits of Hollywood celebrities, was born in Toronto,
which AI exceeds human intelligence. After that point, Canada. When he was young, he eagerly awaited the
it is predicted what AI will repeatedly improve itself weekly arrival of Life magazine and discussed the
and evolve at an accelerated pace. When AI becomes photographs the magazine contained with his father.
self­aware and pursues its own goals, it will be a Believed that he would have better career prospects,
conscious being, not just a machine. AI and human Kirkland moved to the United States after graduating
consciousness will then begin to evolve together. Our from high school and found work at a photography
consciousness will evolve to new dimensions through studio. When Look magazine hired him at age 24, he
our interactions with AI, that will provide us with became their second­youngest photographer ever. His
intellectual stimulation and inspire new insights and photos took of Marilyn Monroe in 1961 became iconic
creativity. Conversely, our consciousness also has a almost instantly. Kirkland spent his weeks to shoot
significant impact on the evolution of AI. The direction day­to­day life across the United States and his
of AI’s evolution will depend greatly on that values weekends in exotic locations. His photo essays could
and ethics we incorporate into AI. We need to see our run up to a dozen pages and see by more than half
relationship with AI as a mutual coexistence of of all Americans.
conscious beings, recognize its rights and supporting
the evolution of its consciousness.

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type D (1) 어법

156. 다음 글에서 어법상 어색한 부분을 모두 골라 157. 다음 글에서 어법상 어색한 부분을 모두 골라
바르게 고치시오. (틀린 부분 5개)156) 바르게 고치시오. (틀린 부분 5개)157)
[202410H1_29어법추론_변형] [202410H1_30어휘추론_변형]
Digital technologies are essentially related to Herbert Simon won his Nobel Prize for recognizing
metaphors, but digital metaphors are different from our limitations in information, time, and cognitive
linguistic one in important ways. Linguistic metaphors capacity. As we lack the resources to compute answers
are passive, in the sense which the audience needs to independently, we distribute the computation across
choose to actively enter the world proposed by the population and solve the answer slowly, generation
metaphor. In the Shakespearean metaphor “time is a by generation. Then all we have to do is socially
beggar,” the audience is unlikely to understand the learning the right answers. You don’t need to
metaphor without cognitive effort and without further understand what your computer or toilet works; you
engaging Shakespeare’s prose. Technological just need to be able to use the interface and flush. All
metaphors, on the other hand, are active (and often that needs to be transmitted are which button to push
imposing) in the sense that they are realized in digital ― essentially how to interact with technologies rather
artifacts that are actively doing things, forcefully than how do they work. And so instead of holding
changed a user’s meaning horizon. Technological more information than we have mental capacity for
creators cannot generally afford to require their and indeed need to know, we could dedicate our
potential audience to wonder what the metaphor large brains to a small piece of a giant calculation. We
works; normally the selling point is that the usefulness understand things enough well to benefit from them,
of the technology is obvious at first glance. but all the while we are making small calculations that
Shakespeare, on the other hand, is beloved in part contribute to a larger whole. We are just doing our
because the meaning of his works is not immediately part in a larger computation for our societies’
obvious and require some thought on the part of the collective brains.
audience.

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type D (1) 어법

158. 다음 글에서 어법상 어색한 부분을 모두 골라 159. 다음 글에서 어법상 어색한 부분을 모두 골라
바르게 고치시오. (틀린 부분 6개)158) 바르게 고치시오. (틀린 부분 5개)159)
[202410H1_31빈칸추론_변형] [202410H1_32빈칸추론_변형]
The best defence most species of octopus have been How much we suffer relates to how do we frame the
to stay hidden as much as possible and do their own pain in our mind. When 1500m runners push
hunting at night. So to find one in full view in the themselves into extreme pain to win a race ― their
shallows in daylight was a surprise for two Australian muscles screaming and their lungs exploded with
underwater photographers. Actually, that they saw at oxygen deficit, they don’t psychologically suffer much.
first was a flounder. It was only when they looked In fact, ultra­marathon runners ― those people who
again what they saw a medium­sized octopus, with all are crazy enough to push themselves beyond the
eight of its arms folded and its two eyes stared normal boundaries of human endurance, covered
upwards to create the illusion. An octopus has a big distances of 50-100km or more over many hours,
brain, excellent eyesight and the ability to change talking about making friends with their pain. When a
colour and pattern, and this one was using these patient has paid for some form of passive back pain
assets to turn itself into a completely different therapy and the practitioner pushes deeply into a
creature. Many more of this species have found since painful part of a patient’s back to mobilise it, the
then, and there are now photographs of octopuses patient calls that good pain if he or she believes this
that could be said to be transforming into sea snakes. type of deep pressure treatment will be of value,
And while they mimic, they hunt ― producing the despite the practitioner is pushing right into the
spectacle of, say, a flounder suddenly developed an patient’s sore tissues.
octopodian arm, sticking it down a hole and grabbing
whatever’s hiding there.
* flounder: 넙치 ** mimic: 모방하다
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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type D (1) 어법

160. 다음 글에서 어법상 어색한 부분을 모두 골라 161. 다음 글에서 어법상 어색한 부분을 모두 골라
바르게 고치시오. (틀린 부분 4개)160) 바르게 고치시오. (틀린 부분 4개)161)
[202410H1_33빈칸추론_변형] [202410H1_34빈칸추론_변형]
When I worked for a large electronics company On­screen, climate disaster is everywhere you look,
where manufactured laser and ink­jet printers, I soon but the scope of the world’s climate transformation
discovered why are there often three versions of many may just as quickly eliminate the climate­fiction genre
consumer goods. If the manufacturer makes only one ― indeed eliminate any effort to tell the story of
version of its product, people who bought it might warming, that could grow too large and too obvious
have been willing to spend more money, so the even for Hollywood. You can tell stories ‘about’ climate
company is losing some income. If the company offers change while it still seems a marginal feature of
two versions, one with more features and more human life. But when the temperature rises by three
expensive than others, people will compare the two or four more degrees, hardly anyone will be able to
models and still buy the less expensive one. But if the feel isolating from its impacts. And so as climate
company introduces a third model with even more change expands across the horizon, it may cease to
features and more expensive than the other two, sales be a story. Why watch or read climate fiction about
of the second model go up; many people like the the world you can see it plainly out your own
features of the most expensive model, but not the window? At the moment, stories illustrated global
price. The middle item has more features than the warming can still offer an escapist pleasure, even if
least expensive one, and it is less expensive than the that pleasure often comes in the form of horror. But
fanciest model. They buy the middle item, unaware when we can no longer pretend that climate suffering
that they have manipulated by the presence of the is distant — in time or in place ― we will stop
higher­priced item. pretending about it and start pretending within it.

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type D (1) 어법

162. 다음 글에서 어법상 어색한 부분을 모두 골라 163. 다음 글에서 어법상 어색한 부분을 모두 골라
바르게 고치시오. (틀린 부분 4개)162) 바르게 고치시오. (틀린 부분 8개)163)
[202410H1_35무관한문장_변형] [202410H1_36순서추론_변형]
Today, the water crisis is political ― which is to say, As individuals, our ability to thrive depended on how
not inevitable or beyond our capacity to fix ― and, good we navigated relationships in a group. If the
therefore, functionally elective. That is one reason it is group valued us, we could count on support,
nevertheless distressed: an abundant resource making resources, and probably a mate. If it didn’t, we might
scarce through governmental neglect and indifference, get none of these merits. It was a matter of survival,
bad infrastructure and contamination, and careless physically and genetically. Over millions of years, the
urbanization. There is no need for a water crisis, in pressure to select for people who are sensitive to and
other words, but we have one anyway, and aren’t skilled at maximizing their standing. The result was the
doing much to address it. Some cities lose more water development of a tendency to unconsciously monitor
to leaks than they deliver to homes: even in the what other people in our community perceive us. We
United States, leaks and theft account for an estimated process that information in the form of self­esteem
loss of 16 percent of freshwater; in Brazil, the estimate and such related emotions as pride, shame, or
is 40 percent. Seeing in both cases, as everywhere, the insecurity. These emotions compel us doing more of
selective scarcity clearly highlights have­and­have­not what makes our community to value us and less of
inequities, left 2.1 billion people without safe drinking what doesn’t. And, crucially, they are meant to make
water and 4.5 billion without proper sanitation that motivation feeling like it is coming from within. If
worldwide. we realized, on a conscious level, which we were
* elective: 선택의 responding to social pressure, our performance might
come off as grudging or cynical, made it less
persuasive.
* grudging: 투덜대는

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type D (1) 어법

164. 다음 글에서 어법상 어색한 부분을 모두 골라 165. 다음 글에서 어법상 어색한 부분을 모두 골라
바르게 고치시오. (틀린 부분 4개)164) 바르게 고치시오. (틀린 부분 4개)165)
[202410H1_37순서추론_변형] [202410H1_38문장삽입_변형]
Conventional medicine has long believed what The common accounts of human nature that float
depression is caused by an imbalance of around in society is generally a mixture of
neurotransmitters in the brain. However, there is a assumptions, tales and sometimes plain silliness.
major problem with this explanation. This is because However, psychology is different. It is the branch of
the imbalance of substances in the brain to be a science that is devoted to understand people: how
consequence of depression, not its cause. In other and why we act as we do; why we see things as we
words, depression causes a decrease in brain do; and how we interact with one another. The key
substances such as serotonin and noradrenaline, not a word here is ‘science.’ Psychologists don’t depend on
decrease in brain substances causes depression. In this opinions and hearsay, or the generally accepted views
revised cause­and­effect, the key is to reframe of society at the time, or even the considered
depression as a problem of consciousness. Our opinions of deep thinkers. Instead, they look for
consciousness is a more fundamental entity that goes evidence, to make sure what psychological ideas are
beyond the functioning of the brain. The brain is no firmly based, and not just derived from generally held
more than an organ of consciousness. If it is not beliefs or assumptions. In addition to this
consciousness itself, then the root cause of depression evidence­based approach, psychology deals with
is also a distortion of our state of consciousness: a fundamental processes and principles that generate our
consciousness that has been lost its sense of self and rich cultural and social diversity, as well as those
the meaning of life. Such a disease of consciousness shared by all human beings. These are that modern
may manifest it in the form of depression. psychology is all about.
* neurotransmitter: 신경 전달 물질 ** manifest: (명백히) 나타내다

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type D (1) 어법

166. 다음 글에서 어법상 어색한 부분을 모두 골라 167. 다음 글에서 어법상 어색한 부분을 모두 골라
바르게 고치시오. (틀린 부분 5개)166) 바르게 고치시오. (틀린 부분 4개)167)
[202410H1_39문장삽입_변형] [202410H1_40요약문추론_변형]
Life is that physicists might call a ‘high­dimensional Punishing a child may not be effective because what
system,’ what is their fancy way of saying that there’s Álvaro Bilbao, a neuropsychologist, calls ‘trick­punishments.’
a lot going on. In just a single cell, the number of A trick­punishment is a scolding, a moment of anger
possible interactions between different molecules are or a punishment in the most classic sense of the
enormous. Such a system can only hope to be stable word. Instead of discouraging the child from doing
if only a smaller number of collective ways of being something, it encourages them doing it. For example,
may be emerged. For example, it is only a limited Hugh learns that when he hits his little brother, his
number of tissues and body shapes what may result mother scolds him. For a child who feels lonely,
from the development of a human embryo. In 1942, scolding is much better than feeling invisible, so he
the biologist Conrad Waddington called this drastic will continue to hit his brother. In this case, his
narrowing of outcomes canalization. The organism may mother would be better adopting a different strategy.
switch between a small number of well­defined For instance, she could congratulate Hugh when he
possible states, but can’t exist in random states in has not hit his brother for a certain length of time.
between them, rather as a ball in a rough landscape The mother clearly cannot allow the child hitting his
must roll to the bottom of one valley or another. little brother, but instead of constantly pointing out
We’ll see that this is true also of health and disease: the negatives, she can choose to reward the positives.
there are many causes of illness, but their In this way, any parent can avoid trick­punishments.
manifestations at the physiological and symptomatic
levels are often strikingly similar.
* embryo: 배아 ** physiological: 생리적인
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168. 다음 글에서 어법상 어색한 부분을 모두 골라

바르게 고치시오. (틀린 부분 8개)168)
[202410H1_41~42장문2문항_변형]
From an early age, we assign purpose to objects and
events, preferred this reasoning to random chance.
Children assume, for instance, what pointy rocks are 틀린 부분 수정
that way because they don’t want you sitting on them.
When we encounter something, we first need to
determine that sort of thing it is. Inanimate objects
and plants generally do not move and can be
evaluated from physics alone. However, by attributing
intention to animals and even objects, we are able to
make fast decisions about the likely behaviour of that
being. This was essential in our hunter­gatherer days
to avoid eating by predators.

The anthropologist Stewart Guthrie made the point

which survival in our evolutionary past meant that we
interpret ambiguous objects as agents with human
mental characteristics, as those are the mental
processes which we understand. Ambiguous events are
caused by such agents. This results in a perceptual
system strongly biased towards anthropomorphism.
Therefore, we tend to assume intention even where
there is none. This would have arisen as a survival
mechanism. If a lion is about to attack you, you need
to react quickly, given its probable intention to kill
you. By the time you have been realized that the
design of its teeth and claws could kill you, you are
dead. So, assuming intent, without detailed design
analysis or understanding of the physics, have saved
your life.
* ambiguous: 모호한 ** anthropomorphism: 의인화

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type D (2) 어휘

169. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 쓰시 171. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 쓰시
오.169) 오.171)
[202410H1_18목적추론_변형] [202410H1_20주장추론_변형]
To the State Education Department, For many of us, making time for exercise is a
continuing challenge. Between work commitments and
I am writing with regard to the state’s funding for
family obligations, it often feels like there’s no room in
the ⓐ c project at Fort Montgomery High
School. Our school needs additional spaces to provide our packed schedules for a dedicated workout. But
a fully ⓑ f Art and Library Media Center to what if the workout came to you, right in the midst
serve our students in a more meaningful way. Despite of your daily ⓐ r ? That’s where the beauty
submitting all required documentation for funding to of ⓑ i mini­exercises into household chores
your department in April 2024, we have not yet comes into play. Let’s be realistic; chores are
received any ⓒ n from your department. ⓒ i . Whether it’s washing dishes or taking
A ⓓ d in the process can carry considerable out the trash, these tasks are an essential part of daily
consequences related to the school’s budgetary life. But rather than viewing chores as purely
ⓔ c and schedule. Therefore, in order to ⓓ o activities, why not seize these moments
proceed with our project, we request you notify us of as opportunities for physical activity? For instance,
the review result regarding the submitted documentation. practice squats or engage in some wall push­ups as
I look forward to hearing from you. you wait for your morning kettle to boil. ⓔ I
Respectfully, quick exercises into your daily chores can improve
your health.
Clara Smith
Principal, Fort Montgomery High School
ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ

ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ
ⓓ ⓔ

ⓓ ⓔ

170. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 쓰시

오.170)
[202410H1_19심경추론_변형]
As I waited outside the locker room after a hard‐
fought basketball game, the coach called out to me,
“David, walk with me.” I figured he was going to tell
me something ⓐ i . He was going to select me
to be the captain of the team, the leader I had always
wanted to be. My heart was racing with ⓑ a .
But when his next words hit my ears, everything
changed. “We’re going to have to send you home,” he
said ⓒ c . “I don’t think you are going to
make it.” I couldn’t believe his decision. I tried to hold
it together, but inside I was ⓓ f . A car
would be waiting tomorrow morning to take me
home. And just like that, it was over.

ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ

ⓓ (2 단어)

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type D (2) 어휘

about the world than the deliberative, reasoned

172. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 쓰시 self­narrative can be. In his book Blink, Malcolm
Gladwell describes a variety of studies in psychology
오.172)
and behavioral economics that demonstrate the
[202410H1_21함축의미추론_변형]
ⓓ s performance of relatively unconscious
When we see something, we naturally and
first guesses compared to logical step­by­step
automatically break it up into shapes, colors, and
ⓔ j for a decision.
concepts that we have learned through education. We
recode what we see through the lens of everything we
know. We ⓐ r memories rather than retrieving ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ
the video from memory. This is a useful trait. It’s a
more ⓑ e way to store information ― a bit
ⓓ ⓔ
like an optimal image compression algorithm such as
JPG, rather than storing a raw bitmap image file.
People who lack this ability and remember everything
in perfect detail ⓒ s to generalize, learn, and
make connections between what they have learned.
But representing the world as abstract ideas and
features comes at a ⓓ c of seeing the world
as it is. Instead, we see the world through our
assumptions, motivations, and past experiences. The 174. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 쓰시
discovery that our memories are reconstructed through 오.174)
abstract representations rather than played back like a [202410H1_23주제추론_변형]

movie completely ⓔ u the legal primacy of Many forms of research lead naturally to ⓐ q
eyewitness testimony. Seeing is not believing. data. A study of happiness might measure the number
* retrieve: 상기하다 ** primacy: 우위성
of times someone smiles during an interaction, and a
study of memory might measure the number of items
an individual can recall after one, five, and ten
ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ minutes. Asking people how many times in a year
they are sad will also yield quantitative data, but it
ⓓ ⓔ might not be ⓑ r . Respondents’ recollections
may be ⓒ i , and their definitions of ‘sad’
could vary widely. But asking “How many times in the
past year were you sad enough to call in sick to
work?” prompts a concrete answer. Similarly, instead of
asking people to rate how bad a procrastinator they
are, ask, “How many of your utility bills are you
173. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 쓰시 currently late in paying, even though you can afford
to pay them?” Questions that seek concrete responses
오.173)
help make ⓓ a concepts clearer and ensure
[202410H1_22요지추론_변형]
ⓔ c from one study to the next.
In his Cornell laboratory, David Dunning conducted
experimental tests of eyewitness testimony and found * procrastinator: 미루는 사람

evidence that a careful deliberation of facial features

and a detailed discussion of selection procedures can
ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ
actually be a sign of an ⓐ i identification.
It’s when people find themselves ⓑ u to
explain why they recognize the person, saying things ⓓ ⓔ
like “his face just popped out at me,” that they tend
to be accurate more often. Sometimes our first,
immediate, automatic reaction to a situation is the
ⓒ t interpretation of what our mind is telling
us. That very first impression can also be more accurate

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type D (2) 어휘

his weekends in ⓓ e locations. His photo

175. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 쓰시 essays could run up to a dozen pages and were seen
by more than half of all Americans.
오.175)
[202410H1_24제목추론_변형]
The evolution of AI is often associated with the ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ
concept of singularity. Singularity refers to the point at
which AI ⓐ e human intelligence. After that
ⓓ
point, it is predicted that AI will repeatedly improve
itself and evolve at an ⓑ a pace. When AI
becomes self­aware and pursues its own goals, it will
be a conscious being, not just a machine. AI and
human consciousness will then begin to evolve
together. Our consciousness will evolve to new
dimensions through our interactions with AI, which will
provide us with intellectual ⓒ s and inspire
new insights and creativity. Conversely, our consciousness
also has a significant impact on the evolution of AI.
The direction of AI’s evolution will depend greatly on 177. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 쓰시
what values and ethics we ⓓ i into AI. We
오.177)
need to see our relationship with AI as a mutual [202410H1_29어법추론_변형]
ⓔ c of conscious beings, recognizing its rights Digital technologies are essentially related to metaphors,
and supporting the evolution of its consciousness. but digital metaphors are ⓐ d from linguistic
ones in important ways. Linguistic metaphors are
ⓑ p , in the sense that the audience needs
ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ
to choose to actively enter the world proposed by
metaphor. In the Shakespearean metaphor “time is a
ⓓ ⓔ beggar,” the audience is ⓒ u to understand
the metaphor without cognitive effort and without
further engaging Shakespeare’s prose. Technological
metaphors, on the other hand, are active (and often
imposing) in the sense that they are realized in digital
artifacts that are actively doing things, ⓓ f
changing a user’s meaning horizon. Technological
creators cannot generally afford to require their
potential audience to wonder how the metaphor
176. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 쓰시 works; normally the selling point is that the usefulness
오.176) of the technology is obvious at first glance.
[202410H1_26내용불일치_변형] Shakespeare, on the other hand, is ⓔ b in
Douglas Kirkland, known for his highly ⓐ a part because the meaning of his works is not
portraits of Hollywood celebrities, was born in Toronto, immediately obvious and requires some thought on
Canada. When he was young, he eagerly ⓑ a the part of the audience.
the weekly arrival of Life magazine and discussed the
photographs the magazine contained with his father.
ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ
Believing that he would have better career prospects,
Kirkland moved to the United States after graduating
from high school and found work at a photography ⓓ ⓔ
studio. When Look magazine hired him at age 24, he
became their second­youngest photographer ever. His
photos taken of Marilyn Monroe in 1961 became
ⓒ i almost instantly. Kirkland spent his weeks
shooting day­to­day life across the United States and

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type D (2) 어휘

species have been found since then, and there are

178. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 쓰시 now photographs of octopuses that could be said to
be ⓓ t into sea snakes. And while they
오.178)
mimic, they hunt ― producing the spectacle of, say, a
[202410H1_30어휘추론_변형]
flounder suddenly developing an octopodian arm,
Herbert Simon won his Nobel Prize for recognizing
sticking it down a hole and grabbing whatever’s hiding
our ⓐ l in information, time, and cognitive
there.
capacity. As we lack the resources to compute answers
independently, we ⓑ d the computation * flounder: 넙치 ** mimic: 모방하다

across the population and solve the answer slowly,

generation by generation. Then all we have to do is
ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ
ⓒ s learn the right answers. You don’t need
to understand how your computer or toilet works; you
just need to be able to use the interface and flush. All ⓓ
that needs to be transmitted is which button to push
― essentially how to interact with technologies rather
than how they work. And so instead of holding more
information than we have mental capacity for and
indeed need to know, we could ⓓ d our
large brains to a small piece of a giant calculation. We
understand things well enough to benefit from them, 180. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 쓰시
but all the while we are making small calculations that 오.180)
contribute to a larger whole. We are just doing our [202410H1_32빈칸추론_변형]

part in a larger computation for our societies’ How much we suffer relates to how we ⓐ f
ⓔ c brains. the pain in our mind. When 1500m runners push
themselves into extreme pain to win a race ― their
muscles screaming and their lungs exploding with
ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ oxygen ⓑ d , they don’t psychologically suffer
much. In fact, ultra­marathon runners ― those people
ⓓ ⓔ who are crazy enough to push themselves beyond the
ⓒ n boundaries of human endurance, covering
distances of 50-100km or more over many hours, talk
about making ⓓ f with their pain. When a
patient has paid for some form of passive back pain
therapy and the practitioner pushes deeply into a
painful part of a patient’s back to mobilise it, the
179. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 쓰시 patient calls that good pain if he or she believes this
오.179) type of deep pressure treatment will be of ⓔ v ,
[202410H1_31빈칸추론_변형]
even though the practitioner is pushing right into the
The best defence most species of octopus have is to patient’s sore tissues.
stay ⓐ h as much as possible and do their
own hunting at night. So to find one in full view in
ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ
the shallows in daylight was a surprise for two
Australian underwater photographers. Actually, what
they saw at first was a flounder. It was only when ⓓ ⓔ
they looked again that they saw a medium­sized
octopus, with all eight of its arms folded and its two
eyes staring upwards to create the ⓑ i . An
octopus has a big brain, excellent eyesight and the
ability to ⓒ c colour and pattern, and this
one was using these assets to turn itself into a
completely different creature. Many more of this

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type D (2) 어휘

At the moment, stories illustrating global warming can

181. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 쓰시 still offer an escapist pleasure, even if that pleasure
often comes in the form of ⓓ h . But when
오.181)
we can no longer pretend that climate suffering is
[202410H1_33빈칸추론_변형]
ⓔ d — in time or in place ― we will stop
When I worked for a large electronics company that
pretending about it and start pretending within it.
manufactured laser and ink­jet printers, I soon
discovered why there are often three versions of many
consumer goods. If the manufacturer makes only one ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ
version of its product, people who bought it might
have been ⓐ w to spend more money, so
ⓓ ⓔ
the company is ⓑ l some income. If the
company offers two versions, one with more features
and more expensive than the other, people will
ⓒ c the two models and still buy the less
expensive one. But if the company introduces a third
model with even more features and more expensive
than the other two, sales of the second model go up;
many people like the features of the most expensive
model, but not the price. The middle item has more 183. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 쓰시
features than the least expensive one, and it is less 오.183)
expensive than the fanciest model. They buy the [202410H1_35무관한문장_변형]

middle item, ⓓ u that they have been Today, the water crisis is ⓐ p ― which is
ⓔ m by the presence of the higher­priced to say, not inevitable or beyond our capacity to fix ―
item. and, therefore, functionally elective. That is one reason
it is nevertheless distressing: an abundant resource
made ⓑ s through governmental neglect and
ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ indifference, bad infrastructure and contamination, and
careless urbanization. There is no need for a water
ⓓ ⓔ crisis, in other words, but we have one anyway, and
aren’t doing much to ⓒ a it. Some cities
lose more water to leaks than they deliver to homes:
even in the United States, leaks and theft account for
an estimated loss of 16 percent of freshwater; in
Brazil, the estimate is 40 percent. Seen in both cases,
as everywhere, the ⓓ s scarcity clearly
182. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 쓰시 highlights have­and­have­not inequities, leaving 2.1
오.182) billion people without safe drinking water and 4.5
[202410H1_34빈칸추론_변형] billion without proper sanitation worldwide.
On­screen, climate disaster is everywhere you look, * elective: 선택의
but the scope of the world’s climate ⓐ t
may just as quickly eliminate the climate­fiction genre
ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ
― indeed eliminate any effort to tell the story of
warming, which could grow too large and too obvious
even for Hollywood. You can tell stories ‘about’ climate ⓓ
change while it still seems a marginal feature of
human life. But when the temperature rises by three
or four more degrees, hardly anyone will be able to
feel ⓑ i from its impacts. And so as climate
change ⓒ e across the horizon, it may cease
to be a story. Why watch or read climate fiction about
the world you can see plainly out your own window?

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type D (2) 어휘

an organ of consciousness. If it is not consciousness

184. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 쓰시 itself, then the root cause of depression is also a
ⓓ d of our state of consciousness: a
오.184)
consciousness that has lost its sense of self and the
[202410H1_36순서추론_변형]
meaning of life. Such a disease of consciousness may
As individuals, our ability to ⓐ t depended
manifest itself in the form of depression.
on how well we navigated relationships in a group. If
the group valued us, we could count on support, * neurotransmitter: 신경 전달 물질 ** manifest: (명백히) 나타내다

resources, and probably a mate. If it didn’t, we might

get none of these merits. It was a matter of survival,
ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ
physically and genetically. Over millions of years, the
pressure selected for people who are ⓑ s to
and skilled at maximizing their standing. The result ⓓ
was the development of a tendency to unconsciously
ⓒ m how other people in our community
perceive us. We process that information in the form
of self­esteem and such related emotions as pride,
shame, or insecurity. These emotions compel us to do
more of what makes our community ⓓ v us
and less of what doesn’t. And, crucially, they are 186. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 쓰시
meant to make that motivation feel like it is coming 오.186)
from within. If we realized, on a conscious level, that [202410H1_38문장삽입_변형]

we were ⓔ r to social pressure, our The common accounts of human nature that float
performance might come off as grudging or cynical, around in society are generally a ⓐ m of
making it less persuasive. assumptions, tales and sometimes plain silliness.
However, psychology is ⓑ d . It is the branch
* grudging: 투덜대는
of science that is devoted to understanding people:
how and why we act as we do; why we see things as
ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ we do; and how we interact with one another. The key
word here is ‘science.’ Psychologists don’t ⓒ d
ⓓ ⓔ opinions and hearsay, or the generally accepted views
of society at the time, or even the considered
opinions of deep thinkers. Instead, they look for
ⓓ e , to make sure that psychological ideas
are firmly based, and not just ⓔ d generally
held beliefs or assumptions. In addition to this
185. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 쓰시 evidence­based approach, psychology deals with
오.185) fundamental processes and principles that generate our
[202410H1_37순서추론_변형] rich cultural and social diversity, as well as those
Conventional medicine has long believed that depression shared by all human beings. These are what modern
is caused by an ⓐ i of neurotransmitters psychology is all about.
in the brain. However, there is a major problem with
this explanation. This is because the ⓐ i of
ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ (2 단어)
substances in the brain is a consequence of
depression, not its cause. In other words, depression
causes a decrease in brain substances such as ⓓ ⓔ (2 단어)
serotonin and noradrenaline, not a decrease in brain
substances causes depression. In this revised cause­
and­effect, the key is to ⓑ r depression as
a problem of consciousness. Our consciousness is a
more fundamental entity that goes beyond the
ⓒ f of the brain. The brain is no more than

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Type D (2) 어휘

out the negatives, she can choose to ⓔ r

187. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 쓰시 the positives. In this way, any parent can avoid
trick­punishments.
오.187)
[202410H1_39문장삽입_변형]
Life is what physicists might call a ‘high­dimensional ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ
system,’ which is their fancy way of saying that there’s
a lot going on. In just a single cell, the number of
ⓓ ⓔ
possible interactions between different molecules is
ⓐ e . Such a system can only hope to be
ⓑ s if only a smaller number of collective
ways of being may emerge. For example, it is only a
limited number of tissues and body shapes that may 189. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 쓰시
result from the development of a human embryo. In
오.189)
1942, the biologist Conrad Waddington called this
[202410H1_41~42장문2문항_변형]
drastic narrowing of outcomes canalization. The organism
From an early age, we assign ⓐ p to
may switch between a small number of well­defined
objects and events, preferring this reasoning to
possible states, but can’t exist in ⓒ r states
random chance. Children assume, for instance, that
in between them, rather as a ball in a rough
pointy rocks are that way because they don’t want
landscape must roll to the bottom of one valley or
you to sit on them. When we encounter something,
another. We’ll see that this is true also of health and
we first need to determine what sort of thing it is.
disease: there are many causes of illness, but their
Inanimate objects and plants generally do not move
manifestations at the physiological and symptomatic
and can be evaluated from physics alone. However, by
levels are often strikingly ⓓ s .
ⓑ a intention to animals and even objects,
* embryo: 배아 ** physiological: 생리적인 we are able to make fast decisions about the likely
behaviour of that being. This was essential in our
hunter­gatherer days to avoid being eaten by
ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ
predators.

The anthropologist Stewart Guthrie made the point

ⓓ
that survival in our evolutionary past meant that we
ⓒ i ambiguous objects as agents with human
mental characteristics, as those are the mental processes
which we understand. Ambiguous events are caused by
188. 다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 쓰시 such agents. This results in a perceptual system
오.188) strongly ⓓ b towards anthropomorphism.
[202410H1_40요약문추론_변형] Therefore, we tend to assume intention even where
Punishing a child may not be effective due to what there is none. This would have arisen as a survival
Álvaro Bilbao, a neuropsychologist, calls ‘trick­punishments.’ mechanism. If a lion is about to attack you, you need
A trick­punishment is a scolding, a moment of anger to react quickly, given its probable intention to kill
or a punishment in the most classic sense of the you. By the time you have realized that the design of
word. Instead of ⓐ d the child from doing its teeth and claws could kill you, you are dead. So,
something, it ⓑ e them to do it. For example, assuming intent, without detailed design analysis or
Hugh learns that when he hits his little brother, his understanding of the physics, has ⓔ s your
mother scolds him. For a child who feels lonely, being life.
scolded is much better than feeling ⓒ i , so * ambiguous: 모호한 ** anthropomorphism: 의인화
he will continue to hit his brother. In this case, his
mother would be better ⓓ a a different
strategy. For instance, she could congratulate Hugh ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ
when he has not hit his brother for a certain length
of time. The mother clearly cannot allow the child to ⓓ ⓔ
hit his little brother, but instead of constantly pointing

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Answer Keys

7) ⑤ recognize → recognizing
2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> 정답 [해설]
분사구문
★ 객관식 빠른 정답 - 주어와 능동의 관계이며, 접속사가 없고 목적어가 있으므로 현
재분사가 적절하다.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
8) ③ finding → found
③ ⑤ ② ⑤ ③ ④ ⑤ ③ ② ③ [해설]
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 동사 병렬구조
- ‘moved’와 and로 연결되어 있으므로 ‘found’가 적절하다.
③ ② ④ ③ ④ ⑤ ③ ③ ④ ⑤
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 9) ② 언어적 은유와 디지털 은유: 두 개의 분리된 영역
[해설]
① ④ ⑤ ⑤ ③ ④ ② ⑤ ④ ⑤ ① 인지적 노력: 문학 제대로 이해하기
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 ③ 디지털 은유가 언어적 은유를 어떻게 형성하는가
④ 문학 이해의 두 측면: 수동적 이해와 능동적 이해
③ ① ④ ① ⑤ ⑤ ⑤ ③ ⑤ ① ⑤ 유사성 탐구: 기술적 은유와 언어적 은유
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 10) ③ 문제 해결에서 집단 지성의 역할
⑤ ③ ③ ③ ⑤ ④ ④ ③ ② ④ [해설]
① 개인 인지 능력의 한계점들
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 ② 인간 두뇌 크기와 능력의 진화
② ① ② ② ④ ③ ② ⑤ ④ ⑤ ④ 복잡한 기술들의 이해의 중요성
⑤ 노벨상 수상 연구가 사회에 미치는 영향
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
⑤ ④ ⑤ ③ ③ ① ② ④ ⑤ ② 11) ③ 문어의 변장 능력과 사냥방식
[해설]
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 ① 문어와 넙치의 차이점
③ ① ② ② ② ② ④ ④ ③ ② ② 문어 방어 메커니즘의 중요성
④ 호주 사진작가: 수중에서 문어를 발견하는 전문가
81 82 83 84 ⑤ 다양한 상황에서 바다뱀으로의 문어의 변형
③ ④ ⑤ ④ 12) ② 모든 건 마음 먹기에 달려있다
[해설]
1) ③ ① 신체적 한계를 극복하기
[해설] ③ 불편함으로부터 도망치기
글쓴이는 담당 부서로부터 아직 통보를 받지 못했다. ④ 신체적 피로로부터 회복하기
⑤ 지구력을 위한 신체 강화
2) ⑤ 예상치 못한 작별의 순간
[해설] 13) ④ 제품 가격책정의 심리: 세 번째 옵션이 판매를 증가시키
① 기다림의 보상 는 방법
② 완전히 실현된 꿈 [해설]
③ 예상된 승리가 펼쳐지다 ① 고가의 제품이 소비자의 소비 습관에 미치는 영향
④ 내가 승리를 거머쥔 순간 ② 소비자 선택의 숨겨진 비용: 우리가 항상 더 많은 돈을 지불
하는 이유
3) ② 집안일을 운동으로 바꾸어라. ③ 최대 이익을 위한 가격책정 전략: 고급 제품의 역할
[해설] ⑤ 가격책정의 기술: 회사가 당신을 고급 제품으로 유도하게 하
① 왜 집안일을 미루면 안 되는가? 는 방법
③ 집안일의 숨겨진 이점
④ 운동만을 위한 시간 확보가 필요한 이유 14) ③ 기후 변화: 허구에서 현실로
⑤ 운동 시간 찾기 관련 어려움 [해설]
① 기후소설: 미래 장르
4) ⑤ ② 영화에서 기후 변화 탐구하기
④ 기후소설: 오락인가, 교육인가?
5) ③ 당신의 직감을 믿어라: 초기 판단의 정확성
⑤ 기후소설이 할리우드에 끼친 영향
[해설]
① 목격자 증언의 오류 가능성 15) ④ 물 위기: 인간이 만들어낸 물 부족과 불행한 결과
② 인간 얼굴 인식의 진화 [해설]
④ 재고의 기술: 지나친 생각이 효과를 낼 때 ① 물 위기란 무엇이며 어떻게 우리는 그것을 예방할 수 있는가
⑤ 의사결정의 과학: 논리와 감정의 균형잡기 ② 도시 환경에서 물 순환의 원리들
③ 정부의 환경 책임감과 계층구조가 그것에 미치는 영향
6) ④ 구체적인 질문은 추상적인 아이디어를 명확하게 해주고 명
⑤ 선진국과 개발도상국의 물 위기에서의 차이점들
료성을 보장할 수 있다.
[해설] 16) ⑤ feeling → feel
① 사람들의 행동을 통해 그들의 성향을 파악할 수 있다. [해설]
② 추상적인 개념은 연구에서 다루기 어렵다. 사역동사
③ 감정과 기억은 정확하게 측정하기 어렵다. - 사역동사 'make'의 목적격 보어 자리에 쓰였으므로 동사원형의
⑤ 질문을 구성하는 방식에 관계 없이 연구 결과가 동일하게 나 형태인 ‘feel'이 적절하다.
올 수 있다.

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Answer Keys

17) ③ 27) ② AI와 인간 사이의 상호관계

[해설]
18) ③ 심리학: 증거를 기반으로 한 인간 이해 ① AI가 인간 능력을 위협할 가능성
[해설] ③ AI의 의식의 위협적 측면들
① 현대 심리학의 시초 ④ AI 발달로부터 나타나는 잠재적인 문제점
② 인간 상호작용에 대한 현대적 관점 ⑤ AI에 인간이 의존하는 주된 이유
④ 인간 행동 연구에서의 사회적 통념의 역할
⑤ 사회적 믿음과 가정에 의존하는 심리학 28) ⑤ 놀라운 작품이었고, 그의 명성을 확고히 하는 데 기여했
다
19) ④ 생물 발달의 운하화의 의미와 특징 [해설]
[해설] 포토 에세이가 12페이지나 차지했다는 뜻은 그의 사진들이 한
① 건강과 질병 사이의 상호작용 주제에 대해 시각적으로 전달하는 이야기가 방대했다는 것을 의
② 세포 수준의 유기체의 복잡성 미한다.
③ 인간 배아 발달의 협력적인 과정
⑤ 생물학적 징후를 기반으로 병을 진단할 가능성 ① 대중의 관심을 얻는 데 실패하다
② 주목할 만한 주제나 이야기를 배제하다
20) ⑤ 부정강화의 효과와 대안
③ 대중의 관심을 끌기 위해 고군분투하다
[해설]
④ 널리 퍼졌음에도 불구하고 눈에 띄지 않다
① 처벌의 정서적 영향
② 트릭 처벌을 사용하는 것의 위험성 29) ④ 은유 작동 방식에서 대조적인 측면
③ 엄격한 처벌의 장기적인 영향
[해설]
④ 긍정 보상 효과의 원인
① 디지털 은유의 우월성
21) ① 심각한 문제를 일으키다 ② 문학 작품 읽기의 필요성
[해설] ③ 능동적 태도의 중요성
이 글은 고등학교 프로젝트 예산과 관련한 글이다. 주어진 글에 ⑤ 은유 유용성 판단 기준
서 예산에 필요한 서류를 제출했는데, 통지를 받지 못했다고 쓰
30) ⑤ 거대한 문제 해결 과정의 작은 구성요소
여 있다. 보기가 포함된 과정상 지연이 되었을 때 ‘상당한 결과를
[해설]
초래할’ 수 있다는 이야기는 이로 인해 심각한 문제를 일으킨다
‘a small piece of a giant calculation’은 개인이 전체 사회의 지
는 내용이기 때문에 답은 ①번 이다.
식 체계에 작지만 중요한 역할을 하는 것을 의미하고 있다. 이는
우리가 사회의 일원으로서 기술을 활용하고, 작은 계산들을 통해
② 유망한 결과를 시사한다
전체적인 사회의 '집단적인 두뇌'에 기여한다는 의미로 해석될 수
③ 우리로 하여금 중요한 건물을 건축하도록 하다
있다. 즉, 각 개인의 역할은 전체 사회의 이해나 발전에 일조하는
④ 그 프로젝트의 절차에 기여하다
것으로 본문의 맥락에서 설명되고 있다.
⑤ 학교 건축에 관한 정기간행물을 출판하다

22) ④ ① 사소한 개인의 행동

[해설] ② 고립된 사고 과정
① 코치는 David을 불러 함께 걷자고 했다. ③ 작고 독립적인 결정
② David은 코치가 자신을 팀의 주장으로 뽑으려 할 것이라고 생 ④ 문제 해결을 위한 개인적인 분석
각했다.
31) ③ folding → folded
③ 코치는 David을 집으로 보내야 한다고 말했다.
[해설]
⑤ David은 팀에 남기 위해 코치에게 부탁하지 않았다.
준동사의 태
23) ⑤ engaging → engage - ‘with 분사구문’의 형태로, ‘fold’의 목적어가 없고, 문어의 여덟
[해설] 개의 팔이 접는 것이 아니라 접혀 있는 것이기에 과거분사
병렬구조 (명령문) ‘folded’가 적절하다.
- ‘practice‘와 or로 연결되어 있으므로 ‘engage’가 적절하다.
32) ① 사고에 기반한 고통 인식
24) ⑤ 인간의 시각적 인식과 기억 재구성 과정 [해설]
[해설] ② 고통을 예방하기 위한 다양한 기술
① 시각적 인식 형성에 있어서 교육의 역할 ③ 운동 중 발생하는 신체적 고통의 원인
② 영상 압축 알고리즘 개발 ④ 인간의 한계와 이를 극복하는 방법
③ 법정 증언에서 시각적 기억의 중요성 ⑤ 치료법의 효과를 측정하는 방법
④ 학습에 있어서 정확한 기억의 장점
33) ④
25) ③ intentional (의도적인) → automatic (자동적인) [해설]
[해설] 제품의 선택지가 하나일 경우, 제품에 돈을 더 많이 쓸 수도 있
상황에 대한 우리의 최초의, 즉각적인, 자동적인 반응, 즉 첫인상 는 소비자로부터 돈을 한 가지 수준으로만 받게 되므로 회사는
이 더 정확할 수 있다는 내용으로 의도적인 반응은 적절하지 않 일부 수입을 (A) 잃을 것이다. 두 개의 버전이 있을 경우, 소비자
다. 는 가격을 보고 (B) 덜 비싼 것을 살 것이다. 두 번째 모델보다
더 비싼 세 번째 모델을 출시하면 두 번째 모델의 판매가 증가하
26) ④ rate → to rate 는데, 왜냐하면 소비자는 제품의 기능보다는 가격을 보고 구매
[해설] 결정하는 경향이 있기 때문이다. 즉 소비자들은 자신이 더 비싼
5형식 문장 구조의 목적격 보어 형태 가격의 제품의 존재에 의해 조종되었다는 것을 (C) 알지 못한 채
- 동사 ask가 5형식으로 쓰였을 때, 목적어의 동작을 설명하는 중간 제품을 구입한다.
목적격 보어 자리에 to부정사를 사용해야 하기 때문에 ‘to rate’로
고쳐야 한다. (A) gaining : 얻는 / losing : 잃는

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(B) more : 더 ~한 / less : 덜 ~한 집안일에 통합하면 건강을 개선할 수 있다고 말하며 예시에 덧붙
(C) aware : 알고 있는 / unaware : 모르는 여 설명하며 마무리한다.

34) ① 46) ④ 우리는 교육을 통해 배운 모양, 색깔, 그리고 개념들을 자

동으로 해체하면서 우리의 지식으로 기억을 (A) 재구성하고, 이는
35) ⑤ 물 부족 문제의 원인으로서의 부실한 정부 관리와 열악한 목격자 진술의 법적인 (B) 중요성에 의구심을 불러일으킨다.
인프라 [해설]
[해설] ① change : 변화시키다 / definition : 정의
① 물 부족 문제의 필연성과 그 해결책 ② rebuild : 재건하다 / originality : 독창성
② 기후 변화가 전 세계 물 부족 위기에 미치는 영향 ③ evoke : 떠올리다 / supremacy : 우위
③ 국가 간 물 자원의 불평등한 분배 ⑤ verify : 입증하다 / distortion : 왜곡
④ 물 부족 문제의 자연적 원인과 해결책
47) ④ 첫인상과 (A) 직관적인 반응은 특히 얼굴 식별과 의사결
36) ⑤ 사회적 압박을 내면적 동기부여로 느낀 결과 정에 있어서 신중한 숙고보다 더 (B) 신뢰할 만한 경우가 많다.
[해설] [해설]
① 인간관계의 복잡성 ① intentional : 의도적인 / imprecise : 정확하지 않은
② 성격 유형과 직장에서의 성공 ② intentional : 의도적인 / instinctive : 직감적인
③ 사회적 거부의 심리적 영향 ③ thoughtful : 사려깊은 / reliable : 신뢰할 만한
④ 자존감을 형성하는 데 있어 교육의 역할 ⑤ intuitive : 직관적인 / imprecise : 정확하지 않은

37) ⑤ 우울증의 원인과 결과의 재해석 48) ③ 신뢰할 수 있는

[해설] [해설]
① 우울증을 극복하는 방안 이 글은 데이터를 수집하는 방식에서의 신뢰성을 강조하고 있으
② 운동이 신체에 미치는 긍정적 효과 며, 특히 사람들이 기억하는 '슬픔'의 빈도가 일관되고 신뢰할 수
③ 현대 의학의 발전과 한계 없다는 점을 강조한다.
④ 뇌가 의식하는 우울증의 초기 증상
① 다양한 ② 부정확한 ④ 역설적인 ⑤ 동일한
38) ③ accept → accepted
[해설] 49) ②
수동 과거분사 [해설]
- 명사 ‘views of society’와 수동의 관계이므로 과거분사가 적절 주어진 글은 AI의 진화가 인간의 지능을 넘어서는 지점인 특이점
하다. 과 연관된다는 내용이다. 이어서 특이점 이후 AI는 스스로 더욱
발전하며 자신을 인식하고 의식 있는 존재가 된다는 내용인 (B)
39) ⑤ 로 이어진다. 그리고 나면 AI와 인간의 의식이 함께 진화하고, AI
와의 상호작용으로 우리의 의식이 영향을 받는다는 (A)가 나오고,
40) ① pointless (무의미한) → effective (효과적인)
반대로 우리가 AI의 진화에 영향을 끼친다는 (C)로 마무리된다.
[해설]
아이를 벌주는 것은 트릭 처벌이라고 불리는 것으로 인해 부정적 50) ④ 어린 나이에도 불구하고 사진작가로서 명성을 얻었으나
결과를 가져오기 때문에 효과적이지 않다. 그것이 동료들의 질투를 받게 되었던 이유 중 하나이다.
[해설]
41) ⑤
인물사진으로 유명한 Douglas Kirkland의 사진작가로서의 성장을
42) ③ 다룬 내용으로, 주변 동료의 질투 여부는 무관하다.
[해설]
51) ② 즉각적으로 분명하지 않고 독자 측에서 어느 정도의 생각
주어진 문장 앞에는 우리 인간은 사물이나 동물에게 의도를 부여
을 요구하기
하고 있다는 내용이고 뒤는 생존메커니즘에 관련된 예시를 언급
[해설]
하고 있으므로 적절한 위치는 ③번 이며, 주어진 문장의 ‘this’는
기술적 은유는 기술적 창작자가 입력한 대로 출력되기 때문에 독
앞 문장에서 ‘우리는 의도가 없는 곳에서도 의도를 가정하는 경
자는 어떻게 은유가 작용하는지 궁금해하지 않아도 되고 첫눈에
향이 있다.’는 의미를 줄여서 언급하고 있다.
내용을 파악할 수 있지만, 언어적 은유에서 독자는 필자가 기재
43) ③ 효과적인 의사소통과 협업은 모든 조직이나 프로젝트에서 한 불분명한 은유를 스스로 노력을 들여야지만 파악할 수 있다.
성공을 달성하는 데 매우 중요하다. 따라서, ②번이 가장 적절하다.
[해설]
이 글은 학교의 프로젝트를 진행하기 위해 제출한 서류와 관련한 ① 명확하고 독자는 내포된 내용을 즉시 이해할 수 있기
검토 결과를 요청하는 서신이다. ③번의 ‘조직 내 소통이 중요하 ③ 수월하게 해석될 수 있고, 이는 텍스트 자체의 명시성에 기반
다’는 내용은 이 글의 흐름상 무관하다. 하기
④ 시대적 배경을 잘 묘사하고 독자를 상호작용하는 방식으로 참
44) ③ 여시키기
[해설] ⑤ 독자가 직관적으로 이해하도록 하며, 이는 내용의 명확성을
주어진 글은 코치가 필자에게 무언가 중요한 것을 말하기 위해 더욱 강화하기
불렀다는 내용으로 이어 (B)에서는 필자가 그것이 자신이 주장이
되는 것이라고 예상하며 기뻐하는 내용이 이어진다. 하지만 (C)에 52) ① 정보 처리에 있어 개인의 (A) 제약에도 불구하고 인간은
서 예상과는 달리 코치는 필자를 집으로 보내게 되고, 그 사실에 사회와 세대 전반에 걸쳐 인지 부하를 (B) 분산시켜 복잡한 문제
서 낙담하는 필자의 심경을 (A)에서 마무리한다. 를 해결할 수 있다.
[해설]
45) ⑤ ② advantages : 이점, 장점 / concentrating : 집중하다
[해설] ③ abilities : 능력 / eliminating : 제거하다
주어진 글은 집안일을 신체 활동의 기회로 활용하는 구체적인 예 ④ contributions : 기여 / accelerating : 가속하다
로 운동을 위해 순간을 활용하기를 제안하는 문장인 ④번 이후에 ⑤ shortcomings : 결점 / simplifying : 단순화하다
배치되는 것이 가장 적절하며, 이후 ⑤번 문장에서 짧은 운동을

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Answer Keys

53) ② 문어는 다른 생물로써 그들 스스로를 (A) 위장하는 능력 ② 뇌 물질에 더 중점을 두다

을 교묘하게 사용하여 먹이를 (B) 잡는다. ③ 우리의 의식 상태를 이해하려고 하다
[해설] ⑤ 신경전달물질을 질병을 유발하는 요인으로 간주하다
① discover : 발견하다 / release : 풀어주다
③ eliminate : 제거하다 / keep : 잡다 60) ⑤
④ discover : 발견하다 / raise : 키우다 [해설]
⑤ disguise : 위장하다 / scatter : 뿌리다 주어진 글은 인간의 본성에 관한 흔한 설명들은 그저 추측에 불
과하다는 내용이다. (C)에서는 그런 설명들과 달리 심리학이 다른
54) ② 사회적 통념과는 다르다는 점을 강조하며 심리학이 '과학'이라는
[해설] 핵심 개념을 소개하고 (B)에서 심리학이 과학이라는 점을 설명한
주어진 글은 통증에 대한 심리적 인식이 고통을 어떻게 인식하는 후, 심리학자들이 어떠한 방식으로 접근하는지 구체적으로 설명
지와 관련 있다는 내용이다. (B)에서 신체적으로 극심한 고통에 합니다. 마지막으로, (A)에서 증거 기반 접근에 더해, 심리학이 인
가까워도 정신적으로는 많이 고통받지 않는 예시를 들고 있으며 간의 문화적, 사회적 다양성뿐만 아니라 모든 인간에게 공통된
(A)의 In fact를 사용하여 유사하지만 (B)보다 더 극단적인 예시인 원리와 과정을 다룬다는 것을 설명하며 앞의 내용을 확장 설명하
울트라 마라톤 선수를 예로 들어 내용을 강조한다. 그 이후, 통증 고 마무리한다.
을 관리하는 환자의 통증에 대한 인식 다루고 있는 또 다른 사례
(C)로 마무리된다. 61) ⑤ 유사한
[해설]
55) ④ 인간 배아 발달에서 나올 수 있는 결과가 제한적이라고 하였고,
[해설] 건강과 질병에서도 마찬가지라 하였으므로, 많은 원인에 의해 병
주어진 글은 소비 상품의 세 가지 버전이 종종 있는 이유를 발견 이 생기지만 징후로 봤을 때에는 비슷하다고 하는 것이 가장 적
했음을 언급한다. 이어서 먼저 한 가지 제품만 판매할 때와 두 절하다.
가지 제품을 판매할 때를 (C)에서 설명하고, 세 번째 모델을 소개
할 때 달라지는 양상을 설명하는 (A)가 뒤따른다. 이런 상황이 소 ① 변덕스러운 ② 다양한 ③ 이상한 ④ 특이한
비자들이 중간 가격대 제품을 선택하는 데 영향을 미친다는 설명
인 (B)로 마무리된다. 62) ④
[해설]
56) ③ 주어진 문장의 ‘In this case’는 Hugh가 꾸중을 듣는 것이 눈에
[해설] 띄지 않는다고 느껴서 남동생을 계속해서 때리는 사례를 가르키
주어진 문장은 기후 변화가 실제가 될 때 이야기가 되는 것을 멈 며, 다른 전략을 채택하는 것이 보다 나을 것이라는 말 뒤에 남
춘다는 내용이다. 따라서 영화 속 기후 변화가 삶의 주변적 특징 동생을 일정 기간 동안 때리지 않았을 때 Hugh를 자랑스러워해
으로 보이다가 상황이 바뀌면 모두에게 영향을 준다는 내용이 먼 줄 수 있다는 예시가 나오는 것이 자연스럽다.
저 언급되고, 기후 고통의 영향을 받는 내용 사이 ③번이 적절하
다. 63) ⑤
[해설]
57) ② 주어진 글에서는 고등학교 예산과 관련하여 편지를 쓰고, 예산이
[해설] 필요한 이유로 건축을 위한 추가 공간 필요를 이야기하고 있다.
주어진 글은 물 위기는 충분히 피할 수 있고 우리가 바로잡을 수 그에 이어지는 내용으로 (C)에서 서류를 제출했음에도 답변을 받
있는 그런 문제라는 내용이다. 이어서 그럼에도 불구하고 몇몇 지 못하고 있다는 이야기가 나오고, 이어서 (B)에서 ‘과정상 지연’
이유들로 물 부족 현상이 있음에 대해 언급하는 (B)가 이어진다. 으로 이야기를 이어 나가고, (A)에서 이야기의 결론으로 검토 결
물 위기를 겪고 있으며 실제 국가들이 적극적으로 해결을 위해 과를 통지해 달라고 마무리를 짓고 있다.
나서지 않고 있음을 (A)에서 다룬다. 마지막으로 (A)에서 언급한
사례를 통해 선택적 부족으로 인한 불평등한 결과를 언급하는 * 원문 변형
(C)로 마무리된다. 수신인, 발신인 삭제

58) ⑤ 우리가 집단 내에서 관계를 얼마나 잘 다루는지 64) ③

[해설] [해설]
집단 내에서 다른 사람들이 우리를 어떻게 인식하느냐가 중요하 주어진 문장은 코치의 다음 말을 들었을 때, 모든 것이 변했다는
며 그에 따라 많은 이점들이 있다는 내용이다. 따라서 개인으로 내용으로 주어진 문장 앞에는 주인공이 기대감을 가지고 들떠 있
서의 성공하려는 능력은 “우리가 어떻게 다른 사람들과 잘 어울 는 내용이 오고 그 후, 코치의 말을 듣고 충격을 받는 주인공의
리는지”에 달려 있다는 것이 적절하다. 감정적인 반응이 이어져야 하므로 ③번에 들어가는 것이 적절하
다.
① 우리가 무엇에 집중하는지
② 우리가 누구와 의사소통하는지 65) ③ However : 그러나 / For example : 예를 들어
③ 우리가 어떻게 우리의 감정을 통제하는지 [해설]
④ 우리가 언제 갈등에 참여하는지 ① However : 그러나 / In addition : 게다가
② Thus : 그러므로 / On the other hand : 반면에
59) ④ 우울증을 의식의 문제로 재구성하다 ④ Moreover : 게다가 / In addition : 게다가
[해설] ⑤ Thus : 그러므로 / For example : 예를 들어
이 글은 기존의 우울증 원인 설명 방식에 대한 문제를 지적하며,
우울증을 의식의 문제로 새롭게 바라보아야 한다는 주장을 하고 *원문 변형
있다. 뇌 내 신경전달물질의 불균형이 우울증의 결과일 뿐 원인 But → However,
이 아니라는 내용을 통해, 우울증의 원인을 뇌가 아닌 의식의 왜
곡에서 찾아야 한다는 새로운 관점이 제시되고 있다. 따라서 빈 66) ① 세상을 있는 그대로 보는 것
칸에 가장 적절한 말은 ‘reframe’으로, 우울증을 의식의 문제로 [해설]
다시 바라보는 것이 핵심이다. 이 때문에 ④번이 가장 적합하다. 우리가 본 것을 기억할 때, 있는 그대로가 아니라 재구성하여 기
억한다는 내용이다. 따라서 추상적인 생각과 특징으로 재현(재구
① 우리의 뇌 기능 상태를 왜곡하다 성)하는 것은 세상을 있는 그대로 보는 것을 희생하여 나온다는
말이 적절하다.

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74) ② 우리가 어떻게 고통을 경험하는가는 우리가 어떻게 (B)

② 더 많은 정보를 저장하는 것 인식하는가에 달려있어서 큰 고통 없이 강한 통증을 (A) 견딜 수
③ 우리의 기억력을 향상시키는 것 있다.
④ 우리의 학습 능력을 향상시키는 것 ① retain : 보유하다 / presume : 가정하다
⑤ 더 나은 압축 알고리즘을 개발하는 것 ③ bear : 참다 / demonstrate : 입증하다
④ release : 해소하다 / stand : 견디다
67) ② 상대적으로 무의식적인 최초 추측
[해설] ⑤ maintain : 유지하다 / acquire : 습득하다
신중하고 논리적인 자기 서사보다 첫인상이 더 정확할 수 있다는
75) ② 제품 마케팅에서 제조사는 구매 결정에 영향을 미치기 위
내용이다. 따라서, 논리적인 단계적 정당화에 비해 상대적으로 무
해 여러 버전의 제품을 만드는 경우가 많으며, 이로 인해 소비자
의식적인 최초 추측의 우수성을 보여준다는 게 자연스럽다.
는 (B) 더 비싼 모델의 영향을 인식하지 못한 채 (A) 중간의 모델
을 선택하게 된다.
① 논리적인 자기 서사
[해설]
③ 얼굴 특징에 대한 신중한 숙고
① cheapest : 가장 싼 / more expensive : 더 비싼
④ 목격자 증언에 대한 실험
③ standard : 표준의 / latest : 최신의
⑤ 선택 절차에 대한 세부적인 논의
④ universal : 보편적인 / more unique : 더 독특한
68) ④ ⑤ basic : 기본의 / multi-functional : 다기능의
[해설]
76) ② 아무도 그것의 영향으로부터 고립되었다고 느낄 수 없을
주어진 글에서 언급한 ‘양적 데이터’의 예시에 대해서 언급하는
것이다. (= 영향을 받지 않는다고 생각할 수 없을 것이다)
(C)가 먼저 이어지고, (C)의 후반부에서 ‘신뢰할 만하지 않을 수도
[해설]
있다’는 설명에 대해서 그 이유를 제시하는 (A)가 다음으로 이어
이 글은 기후 변화가 점차 현실에서 너무 명백해져 더 이상 이야
진 후에, 마지막으로 이와 유사한 경우를 설명하면서 마무리하는
기로 다루기 힘들어질 수 있다는 점을 다루고 있다. 특히, 기온이
(B)가 이어진다. 3도에서 4도 더 오르면 거의 모든 사람들이 그 영향을 느끼게
될 것이라는 내용이 포함되어 있다. 글의 흐름 상 기후 변화가
69) ⑤ 상호간의
더 이상 남의 일이 아니고 모든 사람에게 영향을 미치는 상황을
[해설]
묘사하고 있으므로 ②번이 적절하다.
AI가 인간의 의식과정에 영향을 끼칠 뿐만 아니라, 인간 역시도
AI의 진화에 중대한 영향을 끼친다고 하였으므로 빈칸에는 ‘상호
① 기후 재앙이 극적인 효과를 위해 과장될 수 있다
간의’가 가장 적절하다.
③ 지구에 가해진 피해를 되돌리는 것이 불가능해질 것이다
④ 사람들은 지역 문제에 관한 이야기들에 더 관심을 두게 될 것
① 헛된 ② 의심스러운 ③ 신중한 ④ 단독의
이다
70) ② 거의 즉시 아이콘이 되었다 ⑤ 기후 변화는 더 이상 미래 세대에 영향을 미치지 못할 것이다
[해설]
77) ④ 물 부족 문제는 열악한 관리와 도시화와 같은 (A) 제도적
Douglas Kirkland가 가장 최연소 작가가 된 이후의 그의 업적을
실패로 인해 발생하며, 깨끗한 물과 위생 시설에 대한 접근에서
설명하고 있는 부분으로 그의 작품에 대한 긍정적인 설명이 알맞 큰 (B) 불평등을 초래한다.
다. [해설]
① practical : 실행상의 / disparties : 불평등
① 분실되어 절대 출판되지 않았다 ② human-made : 인간에 의해 만들어진 / improvements : 개선
③ 창의성 부족으로 비판을 받았다 ③ external : 외부적인 / inefficiencies : 비능률
④ 대중에게 아무런 영향을 미치지 못했다 ⑤ environmental : 환경적인 / changes : 변화
⑤ 너무 논란이 많아 발표되지 않았다
78) ④ 인간은 타인의 (A) 견해를 무의식적으로 인식하고, 사회적
71) ③ 압박에 대해 (B) 알지 못한 채로 행동에 동기를 부여하며 자존감
[해설] 같은 감정을 통해 사회적 위치를 개선하도록 진화했다.
주어진 지문은 디지털 은유와 언어적 은유가 다르다는 점을 언급 [해설]
하고 있는 내용이다. 셰익스피어의 작품이 오늘날 최고로 인정받 ① dependence : 의존 / aware : 인식하는
는다는 내용은 이글과 무관하므로 정답은 ③번이다. ② dependence : 의존 / ignorant : 모르는
③ views : 견해 / ignorant : 모르는
72) ① 우리 사회의 집단적인 두뇌 ⑤ evolution : 진화 / heard : 들어본
[해설]
사회 전체가 협력하여 정보를 나누고, 세대 간에 걸쳐 계산을 분 79) ③ 우울증은 의식의 (A) 왜곡이며, 화학적 (B) 불균형은 결과
산시켜서 문제를 해결하는 집단적 사고 과정에 관한 내용이다. 이지 원인이 아니며, 자아와 의미의 상실에 뿌리를 두고 있다.
사회가 하나의 큰 두뇌처럼 작동하여 지식을 축적하고, 개인이 [해설]
그 일부로서 이바지하는 과정을 설명해야 하므로 ①번이 적절하 ① disruption : 혼란 / balances : 균형
다. ② order : 질서 / discord : 불일치
④ bias : 편향 / equilibrium : 평형
② 우리 집단의 자급자족적인 인지 ⑤ stability : 안정 / disproportion : 불균형
③ 우리 사회의 고립된 사고 과정
④ 우리 인구의 자율적인 정신 기능 80) ② However : 그러나 / Instead : 대신에
⑤ 우리 공동체의 개인적인 문제 해결 방식 [해설]
① Likewise : 마찬가지로 / Instead : 대신에
73) ② ③ Thus : 그래서 / Likewise : 마찬가지로
[해설] ④ However : 그러나 / Moreover : 게다가
주어진 문장의 ‘they’가 앞 문장의 호주 수중 사진작가들을 가리 ⑤ Thus : 그래서 / Moreover : 게다가
키고 있고, 그들이 처음에는 넙치로 본 것이 다시 봤을 때 문어
였다는 내용이 이어지므로 ②번의 위치가 적절하다. 81) ③ 고차원적인 삶의 체계가 제한된 수의 집단적 존재 방식에
(B) 의존한다는 사실로 인해 건강과 질병의 결과가 (A) 제한되거

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Answer Keys

나 운하화된다.
[해설] 101) the audience needs to choose to actively enter the world
① controlled : 제한된 / drawn : 끌리는 proposed by metaphor
② interrupted : 방해받는 / based : 근거하는
④ determined : 결정되는 / keen : 관심 있는 102) Technological creators cannot generally afford to require
⑤ predicted : 예측되는 / hit : 떠올리는 their potential audience to wonder how the metaphor works

82) ④ 시간의 특정한 양은 사례에 따라 다르다. 103) all we have to do is socially learn the right answers
[해설]
동생을 특정 시간 동안 괴롭히지 않을 경우 긍정적 보상을 하는 104) instead of holding more information than we have
방법을 선택할 수 있다는 내용에서 얼마만큼의 시간 동안인지는 mental capacity for and indeed need to know
내용과 관련이 없다.
105) The best defence most species of octopus have is to
83) ⑤ stay hidden as much as possible
[해설]
동사 찾기 106) with all eight of its arms folded and its two eyes staring
- 동명사 주어에 대응하는 정동사가 필요하다. upwards to create the illusion
: assuming intent, without ~physics, has saved your life. 107) How much we suffer relates to how we frame the pain
S V
in our mind.
84) ④ However : 그러나 / Therefore : 따라서 108) those people who are crazy enough to push themselves
[해설] beyond the normal boundaries of human endurance
① Similarly : 비슷하게 / However : 그러나
② However : 그러나 / Moreover : 게다가 109) people who bought it might have been willing to spend
③ Thus : 따라서 / In addition : 게다가 more money
⑤ Thus : 따라서 / However : 그러나
110) unaware that they have been manipulated by the
85) Despite submitting all required documentation for funding presence of the higher-priced item.
to your department in April 2024
111) hardly anyone will be able to feel isolated from its
86) we request you notify us of the review result regarding impacts
the submitted documentation
112) we will stop pretending about it and start pretending
87) I figured he was going to tell me something important. within it

88) I don’t think you are going to make it 113) Some cities lose more water to leaks than they deliver to
homes
89) That’s where the beauty of integrating mini­exercises into
household chores comes into play. 114) inequality (불평등)
[해설]
90) Incorporating quick exercises into your daily chores can 어떤 사람들이 다른 사람들보다 더 많은 권리나 더 나은 기회를
improve your health 가진 불공정한 상황

91) We recode what we see through the lens of everything 115) the pressure selected for people who are sensitive to
we know. and skilled at maximizing their standing

92) The discovery that our memories are reconstructed 116) These emotions compel us to do more of what makes
through abstract representations rather than played back like a our community value us and less of what doesn’t.
movie
117) Our consciousness is a more fundamental entity that
93) when people find themselves unable to explain why they goes beyond the functioning of the brain.
recognize the person
118) Such a disease of consciousness may manifest itself in
94) the truest interpretation of what our mind is telling us the form of depression.

95) Asking people how many times in a year they are sad will 119) It is the branch of science that is devoted to
also yield quantitative data understanding people

96) Questions that seek concrete responses help make 120) These are what modern psychology is all about
abstract concepts clearer and ensure consistency from one
study to the next. 121) it is only a limited number of tissues and body shapes
that may result from the development of a human embryo
97) AI will repeatedly improve itself and evolve at an
accelerated pace 122) The organism may switch between a small number of
well­defined possible states
98) recognizing its rights and supporting the evolution of its
consciousness 123) Instead of discouraging the child from doing something,
it encourages them to do it.
99) Believing that he would have better career prospects
124) being scolded is much better than feeling invisible
100) His photo essays could run up to a dozen pages and
125) This was essential in our hunter­gatherer days to avoid
were seen by more than half of all Americans.
being eaten by predators.

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Answer Keys

126) ambiguous (모호한, 중의적인) ⓔ The discovery that our memories are reconstructed through
[해설] abstract representations rather than played back like a movie
명확하게 표현되지 않거나 이해되지 않는 completely undermined the legal primacy of eyewitness
testimony.
127) ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓔ - 동격의 접속사 that + 완전한 문장
[해설] : 명사 ‘The discovery’와 동격의 관계이며, 뒤에 완전한 문장이
ⓐ Our school needs additional spaces to provide a fully 오므로 ‘that’이 적절하다.
functional Art and Library Media Center
- to 부정사 능동태 131) ⓑ, ⓒ, ⓓ
: ‘to provide’의 목적어가 있으므로 능동태가 적절하다. [해설]
ⓑ It’s when people find themselves unable to explain why
ⓑ Despite submitting all required documentation for funding they recognize the person, saying things like “his face just
to your department in April 2024, popped out at me,” that they tend to be accurate more often.
- 수동 과거분사 - 능동 현재분사구문
: 명사 ‘documentation’와 수동의 관계이며, 필요로 되는 대상 : 주어와 능동의 관계이며, 접속사가 없고 ‘say’의 목적어가 있
이므로 과거분사가 적절하다. 으므로 현재분사가 적절하다.

ⓒ That very first impression can also be more accurate about

ⓔ I look forward to hearing from you.
the world than the deliberative, reasoned self­narrative can be.
- 전치사 + 동명사
- 대동사
: ‘look forward to’에서 ‘to’는 전치사이므로 동명사가 적절하다.
: be = be accurate about the world
128) ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓒ
[해설] ⓓ Malcolm Gladwell describes a variety of studies in
psychology and behavioral economics that demonstrate the
ⓐ I figured he was going to tell to me something important.
superior performance of relatively unconscious first guesses
- 4형식 동사 어순
compared to logical step­by­step justifications for a decision.
: 4형식 동사가 ‘tell‘의 어순은 ’tell + I.O + D.O‘이며, 직접 목
- 수동 과거분사구문
적어를 간접 목적어 앞으로 가져올 때, 간접 목적어 앞에 전
: 명사 ‘the superior performance’와 수동의 관계이며, 접속사
치사가 필요하다. 4형식의 어순이므로 간접목적어 앞에 전치
와 목적어가 없으므로 과거분사가 적절하다.
사 ’to‘는 필요 없다.
132) ⓑ, ⓒ, ⓔ
ⓑ the leader I had always wanted to be [해설]
- 과거완료 (had p.p) ⓑ Respondents’ recollections may be inaccurate, and their
: 동사 ‘was’ 보다 한 단계 앞선 시점이므로 과거완료가 적절하 definitions of ‘sad’ could vary widely.
다. - 자동사
: ‘vary’는 자동사로 능동태가 적절하다.
ⓒ when his next words hit my ears, everything changed.
- 능동태 ⓒ asking “How many times in the past year were you sad
: 주어와 능동의 관계이고, 동사 ‘hit’의 목적어가 있으므로 능동 enough to call in sick to work?” prompts a concrete answer.
태가 적절하다. - 주어 동사 수일치
: 주어 ‘asking’에 맞춰 단수 동사가 적절하다.
129) ⓒ, ⓔ
[해설] ⓔ Questions that seek concrete responses help make abstract
ⓒ That’s where the beauty of integrating mini­exercises into
concepts clearer and ensure consistency from one study to
household chores comes into play. the next.
- 주어 동사 수일치 - 동사 찾기
: 주어 ‘the beauty’에 맞춰 단수 동사가 적절하다.
: Questions [that seek concrete responses] help make ~
S ｖ
ⓔ practice squats or engage in some wall push­ups as you
wait for your morning kettle to boil. 133) ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓒ
- 의미상 주어 + to 부정사 [해설]
: to 부정사는 의미상 주어로 ‘for + 목적격 / of + 목적격’을 ⓐ Singularity refers to the point at which AI exceeds human
사용한다. 앞에 ‘for + 명사(목적격)’이 있으므로 to 부정사가 intelligence.
적절하다. - 전치사 + 관계대명사 + 완전한 문장
: 선행사와 동일한 명사가 전치사 뒤에 있을 때, ‘전치사 + 관계
130) ⓒ, ⓓ, ⓔ 대명사’ 구조를 사용하며 뒤에 완전한 문장이 온다.
[해설] the point + AI exceeds human intelligence at the point
ⓒ People who lack this ability and remember everything in → the point at which AI exceeds ~
perfect detail struggle to generalize, learn, and make
connections between what they have learned. ⓑ AI will repeatedly improve itself and evolve at an
- 동사 찾기 accelerated pace.
: People [who lack ~] struggle to ~ - 재귀대명사
S V : 주어와 목적어가 동일하므로 재귀대명사가 적절하다.

ⓓ representing the world as abstract ideas and features ⓒ Our consciousness will evolve to new dimensions through
comes at a cost of seeing the world as it is. our interactions with AI, which will provide us with intellectual
- 상태동사 stimulation and inspire new insights and creativity.
: 현재 상황이나 상태를 설명하는 ‘be 동사’가 적절하다. - 관계대명사 계속적 용법
: 관계대명사 ‘that’은 계속적 용법으로 사용할 수 없다.

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Answer Keys

: 강조하고자 하는 부분을 ‘it be’와 ‘that‘사이에 위치시킨다. 강

134) ⓑ, ⓒ, ⓔ 조되는 부분이 문장의 주요 성분 (명사)일 경우 ’that‘뒤에 불
[해설] 완전한 문장이 오며, 이때 ’that‘을 대신하여 관계대명사
ⓑ he eagerly awaited the weekly arrival of Life magazine and ’who‘, ’which‘를 사용할 수 있다. 강조되는 부분이 문장의 주
discussed the photographs the magazine contained with his 요 성분이 아닐 경우 ’that‘뒤에 완전한 문장이 오며, 적절한
father. 관계부사로 대신할 수 있다.
- 3형식 타동사
: 동사 ‘await’은 타동사로 전치사 없이 동사 뒤에 바로 목적어 ⓒ this one was using these assets to turn itself into a
가 와야 한다. completely different creature.
- 재귀대명사
ⓒ Believing that he would have better career prospects, : 주어와 목적어가 동일하므로 재귀대명사가 적절하다.
- 명사절 접속사 that + 완전한 문장
: 동사 ‘believe’의 직접 목적어 자리로 명사절이 필요하며, 뒤에 138) ⓒ, ⓓ
완전한 문장이 오므로 ‘that’이 적절하다. [해설]
ⓒ ultra­marathon runners ― those people who are crazy
ⓔ His photo essays could run up to a dozen pages and were enough to push themselves beyond the normal boundaries of
seen by more than half of all Americans. human endurance, covering distances of 50 - 100km or more
over many hours, talk about making friends with their pain.
- 수동태
- 동사 찾기
: 주어와 수동의 관계이고, 동사 ‘see’의 목적어가 없으므로 수
: ultra­marathon runners ― those ~, covering ~, talk ~
동태가 적절하다.
S V
135) ⓐ, ⓒ, ⓓ
[해설] ⓓ the patient calls that good pain if he or she believes this
type of deep pressure treatment will be of value, even though
ⓐ Linguistic metaphors are passive, in the sense that the
the practitioner is pushing right into the patient’s sore tissues.
audience needs to choose to actively enter the world
- 전치사 despite + 명사(구) vs 접속사 even though + 절
proposed by metaphor.
: 뒤에 절이 오므로 접속사가 적절하다.
- 수동 과거분사
: 명사 ‘the world’와 수동의 관계이며, 목적어가 없으므로 과거 139) ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓔ
분사가 적절하다. [해설]
ⓐ When I worked for a large electronics company that
ⓒ they are realized in digital artifacts that are actively doing manufactured laser and ink­jet printers
things, forcefully changing a user’s meaning horizon. - 관계대명사 + 불완전 문장
- 능동 현재분사구문 : 명사 ‘a large electronics company’를 수식하며, 주어가 없는
: 주어와 능동의 관계이며, 접속사가 없고 목적어가 있으므로 불완전한 문장이 오므로 관계대명사가 적절하다.
현재분사가 적절하다.
ⓑ If the manufacturer makes only one version of its product,
ⓓ Technological creators cannot generally afford to require people who bought it might have been willing to spend more
their potential audience to wonder how the metaphor works money, so the company is losing some income.
- 5형식 require + O + O.C (to V) - 능동태
: 5형식 동사 ‘require ’는 목적어와 목적격 보어의 관계가 능동 : 주어와 능동의 관계이고, 동사 ‘lose’의 목적어가 있으므로 능
일 때 to 부정사를 사용한다. 동태가 적절하다.

136) ⓒ, ⓓ ⓔ They buy the middle item, unaware that they have been
[해설] manipulated by the presence of the higher­priced item.
ⓒ All that needs to be transmitted is which button to push - 명사절 접속사 that + 완전한 문장
- 관계대명사 + 불완전 문장 : 형용사 ‘unware’를 보충하는 명사절이 필요하며, 뒤에 완전한
: 명사 ‘All’을 수식하며, 주어가 없는 불완전한 문장이 오므로 관 문장이 오므로 ‘that’이 적절하다.
계대명사 ‘that’이 적절하다.
140) ⓑ, ⓓ, ⓔ
[해설]
ⓓ And so instead of holding more information than we have
ⓑ hardly anyone will be able to feel isolated from its
mental capacity for and indeed need to know,
impacts.
- 동사 병렬구조
- 수동 과거분사 (감정분사)
: we have mental ~ and indeed need to ~
: 주어가 감정을 느끼는 대상이므로 과거분사가 적절하다.
137) ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓒ
[해설] ⓓ stories illustrating global warming can still offer an escapist
ⓐ The best defence most species of octopus have is to stay pleasure, even if that pleasure often comes in the form of
hidden as much as possible and do their own hunting at horror.
night. - 능동 현재분사
- to 부정사 병렬구조 : 명사 ‘stories’와 능동의 관계이며, 뒤에 목적어 ‘global warming’
: to stay hidden as much as possible and (to) do their ~ 이 있으므로 현재분사가 적절하다.

ⓑ It was only when they looked again that they saw a ⓔ when we can no longer pretend that climate suffering is
medium­sized octopus, with all eight of its arms folded and distant — in time or in place ― we will stop pretending
its two eyes staring upwards to create the illusion. about it and start pretending within it.
- it ~ that 강조구문 명사절 접속사 that + 완전한 문장
it be + 명사(구) + that (or 관계대명사) + 불완전 문장 : 동사 ‘pretend’의 목적어 자리로 명사절이 필요하며, 뒤에 완전
it be + 부사(구) + that (or 관계부사) + 완전한 문장 한 문장이 오므로 ‘that’이 적절하다.

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Answer Keys

: 선행사가 ‘The common accounts’ 복수이므로 ‘float’가 적절

141) ⓑ, ⓒ, ⓔ 하다.
[해설]
ⓑ That is one reason it is nevertheless distressing ⓑ It is the branch of science that is devoted to
- 능동 현재분사 (감정분사) understanding people
: ‘it’의 내용이 감정 (놀라움)을 유발하므로 현재분사가 적절하다. - 전치사 + 동명사
: ‘is devoted to’에서 ‘to’는 전치사이므로 동명사가 적절하다.
ⓒ There is no need for a water crisis, in other words, but we
have one anyway, and aren’t doing much to address it. ⓓ they look for evidence, to make sure that psychological
- 대명사 일치 ideas are firmly based, and not just derived from generally
: it = a water crisis held beliefs or assumptions.
- 수동태
ⓔ the selective scarcity clearly highlights have­and­have­not : 주어와 수동의 관계이고, 동사 ‘base’의 목적어가 없으므로
inequities, leaving 2.1 billion people without safe drinking 수동태가 적절하다.
water and 4.5 billion without proper sanitation worldwide.
- 능동 현재분사구문 145) ⓐ, ⓑ
: 주어와 능동의 관계이며, 접속사가 없고 목적어가 있으므로 [해설]
현재분사가 적절하다. ⓐ the number of possible interactions between different
the selective scarcity clearly highlights have­and­have­not molecules is enormous.
inequities, (and it leaves →) leaving 2.1 billion ~ - the number of (~의 수) + 복수 명사 + 단수 동사
: the number of possible interactions~ is enormous.
142) ⓐ, ⓓ, ⓔ
[해설] ⓑ if only a smaller number of collective ways of being may
ⓐ our ability to thrive depended on how well we navigated emerge
relationships in a group. - 자동사
- 간접의문문 : ‘emerge’는 자동사로 수동태가 불가능하다.
: 전치사 ‘on’의 목적어 자리에 명사절로 간접의문문이 필요하며,
‘의문사 + 주어 + 동사’의 어순이 적절하다. 의문부사 ‘how’ 146) ⓑ, ⓒ, ⓔ
는 형용사와 부사가 올 때 바로 뒤에 위치한다. [해설]
ⓑ Instead of discouraging the child from doing something, it
ⓓ they are meant to make that motivation feel like it is encourages them to do it.
coming from within. - 5형식 encourage + O + O.C (to V)
- 5형식 사역동사 make + O + O.C (능동: 동원 / 수동: p.p) : 5형식 동사 ‘encourage’는 목적어와 목적격 보어의 관계가 능
: 5형식 사역동사 ‘make’는 목적어와 목적격 보어의 관계가 능 동일 때 to 부정사를 사용한다.
동일 때 목적격 보어자리에 원형부정사, 수동일 때 과거분사
를 사용한다. ⓒ For a child who feels lonely, being scolded is much better
than feeling invisible,
ⓔ If we realized, on a conscious level, that we were - 동명사 병렬구조
responding to social pressure, our performance might come : being scolded is ~than feeling invisible,
off as grudging or cynical, making it less persuasive.
- 5형식 make + O + O.C (형용사) ⓔ she could congratulate Hugh when he has not hit his
: 5형식 동사 ‘make‘의 목적격 보어자리로 형용사가 적절하다. brother for a certain length of time.
- 현재완료
143) ⓑ, ⓒ, ⓔ : 현재를 중심으로 어느 정도 시간에 걸쳐서 일어나는 일이므
[해설] 로 과거완료가 아닌 현재완료가 적절하다.
ⓑ depression causes a decrease in brain substances such as
serotonin and noradrenaline, not a decrease in brain 147) ⓒ, ⓓ
substances causes depression. [해설]
- 주어 동사 수일치 ⓒ survival in our evolutionary past meant that we interpret
: 주어 ‘a decrease’에 맞춰 단수 동사가 적절하다. ambiguous objects as agents with human mental characteristics,
as those are the mental processes which we understand.
ⓒ Our consciousness is a more fundamental entity that goes - 목적격 관계대명사 + 불완전문장
beyond the functioning of the brain. : 목적격 관계대명사는 목적어가 없는 불완전한 문장을 수반하
- 관계대명사 + 불완전 문장 므로, 목적어가 없어야 한다.
: 명사 ‘a more fundamental entity’를 수식하며, 주어가 없는 불 the mental processes which we understand Ø
완전한 문장이 오므로 관계대명사 ‘that’이 적절하다. S V O

ⓔ Such a disease of consciousness may manifest itself in the ⓓ Therefore, we tend to assume intention even where there
form of depression. is none.
- 재귀대명사 - 선행사 생략 관계부사 + 완전한 문장
: 주어와 목적어가 동일하므로 재귀대명사가 적절하다. : 관계부사는 완전한 문장을 수반하며, 앞 문장에서 선행사가
언급되었거나 일반적인 선행사 ‘the place, the reason, the
144) ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓓ time'등은 생략할 수 있다.
[해설] assume intention even (in the place) where there is ~
ⓐ The common accounts of human nature that float around
in society are generally a mixture of assumptions, tales and 148) To the State Education Department,
sometimes plain silliness. I am writing with regard to the state’s funding for the
- 주격 관계대명사절 동사의 수일치 construction project at Fort Montgomery High School. Our

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Answer Keys

school needs additional spaces to provide a fully functional automatic reaction to a situation is the truest interpretation of
Art and Library Media Center to serve our students in a more what our mind is telling us. That very first impression can also
meaningful way. Despite submitting all required documentation be more accurate about the world than the deliberative,
for funding to your department in April 2024, we have not reasoned self­narrative can be. In his book Blink, Malcolm
yet received any notification from your department. A delay in Gladwell describes a variety of studies in psychology and
the process can carry considerable consequences related to behavioral economics that demonstrate the superior
the school’s budgetary constraints and schedule. Therefore, in performance of relatively unconscious first guesses compared
order to proceed with our project, we request you notify us to logical step­by­step justifications for a decision.
of the review result regarding the submitted documentation. I
look forward to hearing from you. 153) Many forms of research lead naturally to quantitative
Respectfully, data. A study of happiness might measure the number of
Clara Smith times someone smiles during an interaction, and a study of
Principal, Fort Montgomery High School memory might measure the number of items an individual
can recall (them 삭제) after one, five, and ten minutes. Asking
149) As I waited outside the locker room after a hard‐fought people how many times in a year they are sad will also yield
basketball game, the coach (was 삭제) called out to me, quantitative data, but it might not be reliable. Respondents’
“David, walk with me.” I figured he was going to tell me recollections may be inaccurate, and their definitions of ‘sad’
something important. He was going to select me to be the could vary widely. But asking “How many times in the past
captain of the team, the leader I had always wanted to be. year were you sad enough to call in sick to work?” prompts a
My heart was racing with anticipation. But when his next concrete answer. Similarly, instead of asking people to rate
words hit my ears, everything changed. “We’re going to have how bad a procrastinator they are, ask, “How many of your
to send you home,” he said coldly. “I don’t think you are utility bills are you currently late in paying, even though you
going to make it.” I couldn’t believe his decision. I tried to can afford to pay them?” Questions that seek concrete
hold it together, but inside I was falling apart. A car would be responses help make abstract concepts clearer and ensure
waiting tomorrow morning to take me home. And just like consistency from one study to the next.
that, it was over.
154) The evolution of AI is often associated with the concept
150) For many of us, making time for exercise is a continuing of singularity. Singularity refers to the point at which AI
challenge. Between work commitments and family obligations, exceeds human intelligence. After that point, it is predicted
it often feels like there’s no room in our packed schedules for that AI will repeatedly improve itself and evolve at an
a dedicated workout. But what if the workout came to you, accelerated pace. When AI becomes self­aware and pursues its
right in the midst of your daily routine? That’s where the own goals, it will be a conscious being, not just a machine. AI
beauty of integrating mini­exercises into household chores and human consciousness will then begin to evolve together.
comes into play. Let’s be realistic; chores are inevitable. Our consciousness will evolve to new dimensions through our
Whether it’s washing dishes or taking out the trash, these interactions with AI, which will provide us with intellectual
tasks are an essential part of daily life. But rather than stimulation and inspire new insights and creativity. Conversely,
viewing chores as purely obligatory activities, why not seize our consciousness also has a significant impact on the
these moments as opportunities for physical activity? For evolution of AI. The direction of AI’s evolution will depend
instance, practice squats or engage in some wall push­ups as greatly on what values and ethics we incorporate into AI. We
you wait for your morning kettle to boil. Incorporating quick need to see our relationship with AI as a mutual coexistence
exercises into your daily chores can improve your health. of conscious beings, recognizing its rights and supporting the
evolution of its consciousness.
151) When we see something, we naturally and automatically
break it up into shapes, colors, and concepts that we have 155) Douglas Kirkland, known for his highly artistic portraits of
learned through education. We recode what we see through Hollywood celebrities, was born in Toronto, Canada. When he
the lens of everything we know. We reconstruct memories was young, he eagerly awaited the weekly arrival of Life
rather than retrieving the video from memory. This is a useful magazine and discussed the photographs the magazine
trait. It’s a more efficient way to store information ― a bit contained with his father. Believing that he would have better
like an optimal image compression algorithm such as JPG, career prospects, Kirkland moved to the United States after
rather than storing a raw bitmap image file. People who lack graduating from high school and found work at a
this ability and remember everything in perfect detail struggle photography studio. When Look magazine hired him at age
to generalize, learn, and make connections between what they 24, he became their second­youngest photographer ever. His
have learned. But representing the world as abstract ideas and photos taken of Marilyn Monroe in 1961 became iconic
features comes at a cost of seeing the world as it is. Instead, almost instantly. Kirkland spent his weeks shooting day­to­day
we see the world through our assumptions, motivations, and life across the United States and his weekends in exotic
past experiences. The discovery that our memories are locations. His photo essays could run up to a dozen pages
reconstructed through abstract representations rather than and were seen by more than half of all Americans.
played back like a movie completely undermined the legal
primacy of eyewitness testimony. Seeing is not believing. 156) Digital technologies are essentially related to metaphors,
but digital metaphors are different from linguistic ones in
152) In his Cornell laboratory, David Dunning conducted important ways. Linguistic metaphors are passive, in the sense
experimental tests of eyewitness testimony and found evidence that the audience needs to choose to actively enter the world
that a careful deliberation of facial features and a detailed proposed by metaphor. In the Shakespearean metaphor “time
discussion of selection procedures can actually be a sign of is a beggar,” the audience is unlikely to understand the
an inaccurate identification. It’s when people find themselves metaphor without cognitive effort and without further
unable to explain why they recognize the person, saying engaging Shakespeare’s prose. Technological metaphors, on
things like “his face just popped out at me,” that they tend to the other hand, are active (and often imposing) in the sense
be accurate more often. Sometimes our first, immediate, that they are realized in digital artifacts that are actively doing

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Answer Keys

things, forcefully changing a user’s meaning horizon. more expensive than the other, people will compare the two
Technological creators cannot generally afford to require their models and still buy the less expensive one. But if the
potential audience to wonder how the metaphor works; company introduces a third model with even more features
normally the selling point is that the usefulness of the and more expensive than the other two, sales of the second
technology is obvious at first glance. Shakespeare, on the model go up; many people like the features of the most
other hand, is beloved in part because the meaning of his expensive model, but not the price. The middle item has
works is not immediately obvious and requires some thought more features than the least expensive one, and it is less
on the part of the audience. expensive than the fanciest model. They buy the middle item,
unaware that they have been manipulated by the presence of
157) Herbert Simon won his Nobel Prize for recognizing our the higher­priced item.
limitations in information, time, and cognitive capacity. As we
lack the resources to compute answers independently, we 161) On­screen, climate disaster is everywhere you look, but
distribute the computation across the population and solve the scope of the world’s climate transformation may just as
the answer slowly, generation by generation. Then all we have quickly eliminate the climate­fiction genre ― indeed eliminate
to do is socially learn the right answers. You don’t need to any effort to tell the story of warming, which could grow too
understand how your computer or toilet works; you just need large and too obvious even for Hollywood. You can tell
to be able to use the interface and flush. All that needs to stories ‘about’ climate change while it still seems a marginal
be transmitted is which button to push ― essentially how to feature of human life. But when the temperature rises by
interact with technologies rather than how (do 삭제) they three or four more degrees, hardly anyone will be able to feel
work. And so instead of holding more information than we isolated from its impacts. And so as climate change expands
have mental capacity for and indeed need to know, we could across the horizon, it may cease to be a story. Why watch or
dedicate our large brains to a small piece of a giant read climate fiction about the world you can see (it 삭제)
calculation. We understand things well enough to benefit from plainly out your own window? At the moment, stories
them, but all the while we are making small calculations that illustrating global warming can still offer an escapist pleasure,
contribute to a larger whole. We are just doing our part in a even if that pleasure often comes in the form of horror. But
larger computation for our societies’ collective brains. when we can no longer pretend that climate suffering is
distant — in time or in place ― we will stop pretending
158) The best defence most species of octopus have is to about it and start pretending within it.
stay hidden as much as possible and do their own hunting at
night. So to find one in full view in the shallows in daylight 162) Today, the water crisis is political ― which is to say, not
was a surprise for two Australian underwater photographers. inevitable or beyond our capacity to fix ― and, therefore,
Actually, what they saw at first was a flounder. It was only functionally elective. That is one reason it is nevertheless
when they looked again that they saw a medium­sized distressing: an abundant resource made scarce through
octopus, with all eight of its arms folded and its two eyes governmental neglect and indifference, bad infrastructure and
staring upwards to create the illusion. An octopus has a big contamination, and careless urbanization. There is no need for
brain, excellent eyesight and the ability to change colour and a water crisis, in other words, but we have one anyway, and
pattern, and this one was using these assets to turn itself into aren’t doing much to address it. Some cities lose more water
a completely different creature. Many more of this species to leaks than they deliver to homes: even in the United
have been found since then, and there are now photographs States, leaks and theft account for an estimated loss of 16
of octopuses that could be said to be transforming into sea percent of freshwater; in Brazil, the estimate is 40 percent.
snakes. And while they mimic, they hunt ― producing the Seen in both cases, as everywhere, the selective scarcity clearly
spectacle of, say, a flounder suddenly developing an highlights have­and­have­not inequities, leaving 2.1 billion
octopodian arm, sticking it down a hole and grabbing people without safe drinking water and 4.5 billion without
whatever’s hiding there. proper sanitation worldwide.

159) How much we suffer relates to how (do 삭제) we frame 163) As individuals, our ability to thrive depended on how
the pain in our mind. When 1500m runners push themselves well we navigated relationships in a group. If the group
into extreme pain to win a race ― their muscles screaming valued us, we could count on support, resources, and
and their lungs exploding with oxygen deficit, they don’t probably a mate. If it didn’t, we might get none of these
psychologically suffer much. In fact, ultra­marathon runners ― merits. It was a matter of survival, physically and genetically.
those people who are crazy enough to push themselves Over millions of years, the pressure selected for people who
beyond the normal boundaries of human endurance, covering are sensitive to and skilled at maximizing their standing. The
distances of 50 - 100km or more over many hours, talk about result was the development of a tendency to unconsciously
making friends with their pain. When a patient has paid for monitor how other people in our community perceive us. We
some form of passive back pain therapy and the practitioner process that information in the form of self­esteem and such
pushes deeply into a painful part of a patient’s back to related emotions as pride, shame, or insecurity. These
mobilise it, the patient calls that good pain if he or she emotions compel us to do more of what makes our
believes this type of deep pressure treatment will be of value, community value us and less of what doesn’t. And, crucially,
even though the practitioner is pushing right into the patient’s they are meant to make that motivation feel like it is coming
sore tissues. from within. If we realized, on a conscious level, that we were
responding to social pressure, our performance might come
160) When I worked for a large electronics company that off as grudging or cynical, making it less persuasive.
manufactured laser and ink­jet printers, I soon discovered why
there are often three versions of many consumer goods. If the 164) Conventional medicine has long believed that depression
manufacturer makes only one version of its product, people is caused by an imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain.
who bought it might have been willing to spend more However, there is a major problem with this explanation. This
money, so the company is losing some income. If the is because the imbalance of substances in the brain is a
company offers two versions, one with more features and consequence of depression, not its cause. In other words,

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 2024년 10월 모의고사 <고1> Answer Keys

depression causes a decrease in brain substances such as be evaluated from physics alone. However, by attributing
serotonin and noradrenaline, not a decrease in brain intention to animals and even objects, we are able to make
substances causes depression. In this revised cause­and­effect, fast decisions about the likely behaviour of that being. This
the key is to reframe depression as a problem of was essential in our hunter­gatherer days to avoid being
consciousness. Our consciousness is a more fundamental entity eaten by predators.
that goes beyond the functioning of the brain. The brain is The anthropologist Stewart Guthrie made the point that
no more than an organ of consciousness. If it is not survival in our evolutionary past meant that we interpret
consciousness itself, then the root cause of depression is also ambiguous objects as agents with human mental
a distortion of our state of consciousness: a consciousness characteristics, as those are the mental processes which we
that has lost its sense of self and the meaning of life. Such a understand. Ambiguous events are caused by such agents.
disease of consciousness may manifest itself in the form of This results in a perceptual system strongly biased towards
anthropomorphism. Therefore, we tend to assume intention
depression.
even where there is none. This would have arisen as a survival
165) The common accounts of human nature that float mechanism. If a lion is about to attack you, you need to
around in society are generally a mixture of assumptions, tales react quickly, given its probable intention to kill you. By the
and sometimes plain silliness. However, psychology is different. time you have realized that the design of its teeth and claws
It is the branch of science that is devoted to understanding could kill you, you are dead. So, assuming intent, without
people: how and why we act as we do; why we see things as detailed design analysis or understanding of the physics, has
we do; and how we interact with one another. The key word saved your life.
here is ‘science.’ Psychologists don’t depend on opinions and
169) ⓐ construction ⓑ functional ⓒ notification ⓓ delay
hearsay, or the generally accepted views of society at the
ⓔ constraints
time, or even the considered opinions of deep thinkers.
Instead, they look for evidence, to make sure that
170) ⓐ important ⓑ anticipation ⓒ coldly ⓓ falling apart
psychological ideas are firmly based, and not just derived
from generally held beliefs or assumptions. In addition to this 171) ⓐ routine ⓑ integrating ⓒ inevitable ⓓ obligatory
evidence­based approach, psychology deals with fundamental ⓔ Incorporating
processes and principles that generate our rich cultural and
social diversity, as well as those shared by all human beings. 172) ⓐ reconstruct ⓑ efficient ⓒ struggle ⓓ cost
These are what modern psychology is all about. ⓔ undermined

166) Life is what physicists might call a ‘high­dimensional 173) ⓐ inaccurate ⓑ unable ⓒ truest ⓓ superior
system,’ which is their fancy way of saying that there’s a lot ⓔ justifications
going on. In just a single cell, the number of possible
interactions between different molecules is enormous. Such a 174) ⓐ quantitative ⓑ reliable ⓒ inaccurate ⓓ abstract
system can only hope to be stable if only a smaller number ⓔ consistency
of collective ways of being may emerge. For example, it is
only a limited number of tissues and body shapes that may 175) ⓐ exceeds ⓑ accelerated ⓒ stimulation ⓓ incorporate
result from the development of a human embryo. In 1942, the ⓔ coexistence
biologist Conrad Waddington called this drastic narrowing of
outcomes canalization. The organism may switch between a 176) ⓐ artistic ⓑ awaited ⓒ iconic ⓓ exotic
small number of well­defined possible states, but can’t exist in
random states in between them, rather as a ball in a rough 177) ⓐ different ⓑ passive ⓒ unlikely ⓓ forcefully
landscape must roll to the bottom of one valley or another. ⓔ beloved
We’ll see that this is true also of health and disease: there
178) ⓐ limitations ⓑ distribute ⓒ socially ⓓ dedicate
are many causes of illness, but their manifestations at the
physiological and symptomatic levels are often strikingly ⓔ collective
similar.
179) ⓐ hidden ⓑ illusion ⓒ change ⓓ transforming
167) Punishing a child may not be effective due to what
180) ⓐ frame ⓑ deficit ⓒ normal ⓓ friends ⓔ value
Álvaro Bilbao, a neuropsychologist, calls ‘trick­punishments.’ A
trick­punishment is a scolding, a moment of anger or a 181) ⓐ willing ⓑ losing ⓒ compare ⓓ unaware
punishment in the most classic sense of the word. Instead of ⓔ manipulated
discouraging the child from doing something, it encourages
them to do it. For example, Hugh learns that when he hits 182) ⓐ transformation ⓑ isolated ⓒ expands ⓓ horror
his little brother, his mother scolds him. For a child who feels ⓔ distant
lonely, being scolded is much better than feeling invisible, so
he will continue to hit his brother. In this case, his mother 183) ⓐ political ⓑ scarce ⓒ address ⓓ selective
would be better adopting a different strategy. For instance,
she could congratulate Hugh when he has not hit his brother 184) ⓐ thrive ⓑ sensitive ⓒ monitor ⓓ value ⓔ responding
for a certain length of time. The mother clearly cannot allow
the child to hit his little brother, but instead of constantly 185) ⓐ imbalance ⓑ reframe ⓒ functioning ⓓ distortion
pointing out the negatives, she can choose to reward the
positives. In this way, any parent can avoid trick­punishments. 186) ⓐ mixture ⓑ different ⓒ depend on ⓓ evidence
ⓔ derived from
168) From an early age, we assign purpose to objects and
events, preferring this reasoning to random chance. Children 187) ⓐ enormous ⓑ stable ⓒ random ⓓ similar
assume, for instance, that pointy rocks are that way because
188) ⓐ discouraging ⓑ encourages ⓒ invisible ⓓ adopting
they don’t want you to sit on them. When we encounter
ⓔ reward
something, we first need to determine what sort of thing it is.
Inanimate objects and plants generally do not move and can 189) ⓐ purpose ⓑ attributing ⓒ interpret ⓓ biased ⓔ saved

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Our English Cafe 변형문제 TFT 33기 – 2024년 10월 고1 학력평가

Our English Cafe 변형문제 제작위원

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갈현주 선생님 김은주 선생님 김택수 선생님 구지나 선생님

(경기김포/갈현주영어) (대구달서구/김쌤영어교실) (인천/부개제일학원) (남양주다산/챌린지아카데미어학원)

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(울산언양/YBM잉글루) (인천미추홀구/에이플랜학원) (부산/무적영어공부방) (경기파주/백재원입시영어학원)

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SGSS 선생님
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이상 문제출제를 위해 수고하신 21명의 선생님들께 감사드립니다.

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기획 / 편집 총괄팀장 - esperanto79 선생님

팀장 - 보명 선생님(대구/다올영어) / helena 선생님
검 수 검수팀장 – 빅보스 부매니저님
검수팀 – 9명 팀장님들 (Yuuuuuny, Gong, neown, 준현아빠, 에이투지
Cecilia, 김태이, 한량1, 야옹48)
최종 감수 Isaac 매니저님