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Analog Assignment 5

Analog VLSI

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7 views

Analog Assignment 5

Analog VLSI

Uploaded by

simranjit28p
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

Analog VLSI Circuit Design


(ECC-537)

(Assignment-5)

Submitted to: Submitted by:


Dr Bishnu Prasad Das Simranjit Singh
24915017
PhD
Simranjit Singh 24915017

Assignment - 2

AIM: Design a current mirror and Cascode current mirror to provide an output constant current of
10μA. For the reference current, use a constant current source element of IREF = 5μA.

a.) Obtain the output impedance of the current mirror as a function of frequency. (Use AC analysis)
b.) Obtain the DC output impedance. (Use AC analysis at low frequency)
c.) Plot the IOUT versus IREF for IREF = 5μA to 15μA in 1μA step. Find the slope of the curve.

Theory: A current mirror is a basic building block in analog circuits used to copy (or "mirror") a
reference current from one branch of a circuit to another. The key idea is that if two transistors have
the same gate-source voltage, they will conduct the same amount of current (assuming they are
matched and operate in saturation). Current mirrors are widely used in applications such as biasing
circuits and active loads in amplifiers.

Working Principle of a Simple Current Mirror:


1. A reference current is set through one branch of the circuit (usually by a resistor or current
source).
2. Two transistors are arranged in such a way that the current flowing through the reference
branch is mirrored into another branch.
3. If the transistors are perfectly matched and have the same VGS the current in the second
transistor will be equal to the reference current.

Cascode Current Mirror:


A cascode current mirror is an improved version of the simple current mirror that increases output
impedance and reduces the effect of voltage variations at the output. It is designed to provide better
current matching, especially when the output voltage fluctuates.

Cascode Configuration:
1. In the cascode current mirror, a second transistor is added on top of the simple current
mirror to form a cascode structure.
2. This additional transistor helps isolate the output from the changes in voltage, reducing
channel length modulation (in MOSFETs), which can affect the accuracy of the mirrored
current.
3. The cascode structure increases the output resistance significantly, making the current more
stable and less dependent on the output voltage.

(I) Output impedance of the current mirror as a function of frequency for conventional
Current Mirror

Procedure:
1.) First I make the required schematic as shown in figure 1.

2.) I use reference current = 5 μA as said in the assignment.


Fig 1: Current Mirror for AC analysis

3.) First by hit and trial I choose the value for the width of the transistor M1 equal to 0.99 to
make the current in the transistor M1 = 10 μA

4.) For ac analysis to find out the output impedance we use voltage source vsin from
analoglib to give both ac and dc to transistor M1 (DC Magnitude = 1 V, AC Magnitude = 1
V, Frequency= 10KHz).

5.) Then we run ac analysis to find current Iout through M1.

Fig 2: Output Impedance vs Frequency


6.) Then by using calculator I get the graph as shown in the fig 2.

7.) We can clearly see from the fig 2 that at frequency 20 KHz I get rout = 3.59 MΩ.

(II) DC output impedance for conventional Current Mirror

Procedure is same as we discussed above only the range of the freuency changes. Instead of 20 Khz I
check the output Impedance at 20 Hz. rout comes out to be the same rout = 3.59 MΩ.

Fig 3: Output Impedance vs Frequency(low frequency)

(III) IOUT versus IREF for IREF = 5μA to 15μA for conventional Current Mirror

Procedure:

1.) Use Vdd instead of Vsin function.

2.) Take Iref to a variable in the schematic as shown in fig 4.

3.) Sweep Iref from 5μA to 15μA to get the graph as shown in fig 4.
Fig 4: IOUT versus IREF for IREF = 5μA to 15μA

(IV) Output impedance of the current mirror as a function of frequency for Cascode Current
Mirror

Procedure:

1.) First I make the required schematic as shown in figure 5.

2.) I use reference current = 5 μA as said in the assignment.

3.) First by hit and trial I choose the value for the width of the transistor M1 equal to 0.99 to
make the current in the transistor M3 = 10 μA.

4.) For ac analysis to find out the output impedance we use voltage source vsin from analoglib
to give both ac and dc to transistor M1 (DC Magnitude = 1 V, AC Magnitude = 1 V,
Frequency= 10 KHz).

5.) By using this source, we are going to plot (Iout VS Frequency), and then we plot 1/(Iout VS
Frequency) which gives us the (Output resistance VS Frequency) plot.
Fig 5: Cascode Current Mirror for AC analysis

Fig 6: Output Impedance vs Frequency

6.) We can clearly see from the fig 6 that at frequency 20 KHz I get rout = 74.77 MΩ.

For M3 I got DC operating points gm3 = 78.64 μS and rout3= 526.38 KΩ.
For M1 I got DC operating point rout1= 1.75 MΩ.
Now output impedance of Cascode Current Mirror is (aprrox.) = gm3 * rout3 * rout1 = 78.64 * 526.38 *
1.75 = 72.4 MΩ (Calculated)

(V) DC output impedance for cascode Current Mirror


Procedure is same as we discussed above only the range of the freuency changes. Instead of 20 KHz I
check the output Impedance at 20 Hz. rout comes out to be the same rout = 74.77 MΩ.

Fig 7: DC Output Impedance

(VI) IOUT versus IREF for IREF = 5μA to 15μA for conventional Current Mirror
Procedure:

1.) Use Vdd instead of Vsin function.

2.) Take Iref to a variable in the schematic as shown in fig 8.

3.) Sweep Iref from 5μA to 15μA to get the graph as shown in fig 8.

Fig 8: IOUT versus IREF for IREF = 5μA to 15μA

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