K. J.

Somaiya Institute of Engineering

& Information Technology, Mumbai
Department of Computer Engineering
Smart Cities

A53 Sarvesh Halbe

A62 Piyush Kulkarni
A70 Tirth Panchal

Supervisor
Prof. Nisha Vanjari

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 Outline of Project

Aim
Introduction
Fog Computing in Smart Cities
Fog v\s Edge Computing
Architecture
Tools/techniques used
Applications
Outcome of the case study
Conclusion

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Aim

● To facilitate the development of applications and systems for Smart Cities by providing
services to integrate data from IoT devices and various information systems deployed in
the city.

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INTRODUCTION

● Fog computing is a decentralized computing infrastructure that allows data processing to be

performed closer to the edge of the network, rather than in a centralized location.

● Helps reduce latency and improve overall performance, especially in scenarios where
real-time data processing is critical.

● Allows for efficient and effective processing of data generated by various smart city system.
Ex. traffic management, public safety, energy management, and environmental
monitoring,etc.

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Fog Computing in Smart Cities

● Smart cities are urban environments that use technology and data to improve the quality of life for citizens,
enhance sustainability, and optimize resource allocation. Fog computing can be a useful tool for smart cities, as it
allows for efficient and effective processing of data generated by various smart city systems, such as traffic
management, public safety, energy management, and environmental monitoring.

● By implementing fog computing in smart cities, data can be processed closer to the source, which can help reduce
the burden on centralized data centers and improve response times. This can lead to more effective and efficient
management of various urban systems, which can ultimately enhance the quality of life for citizens and improve
sustainability.

● Overall, fog computing is an important technology that can help support the development of smart cities, by
enabling more efficient and effective data processing and management.

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Fog Computing in Smart Cities

● Traffic management: By deploying fog nodes along roadways, data can be collected from various sensors,
cameras, and other sources to enable real-time traffic management. Fog nodes can process this data and provide
real-time recommendations for traffic light timings, alternate routes, and other measures to reduce congestion
and improve traffic flow.
● Public safety: Fog computing can be used to enable real-time surveillance and monitoring of public areas. By
deploying fog nodes in strategic locations, data from various sources such as cameras, microphones, and sensors
can be collected and analyzed locally to identify potential threats and enable faster response times.
● Environmental monitoring: Fog computing can be used to enable real-time monitoring of air quality,
temperature, and other environmental factors. By deploying fog nodes throughout a city, data can be collected
and analyzed locally to provide early warnings of potential environmental hazards and enable more efficient use
of resources such as water and energy.
● Energy management: Fog computing can be used to enable real-time monitoring and optimization of energy
usage in buildings and other infrastructure. By deploying fog nodes in buildings, data can be collected and
analyzed locally to optimize energy usage, reduce costs, and improve sustainability.
● Waste management: Fog computing can be used to enable real-time monitoring and optimization of waste
management processes. By deploying fog nodes in waste bins, data can be collected and analyzed locally to
optimize waste collection schedules and routes, reduce costs, and improve sustainability.

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 Fog v\s Edge Computing
Fog computing and edge computing are both decentralized computing architectures that enable data processing to occur closer to the
source, rather than in a centralized location. However, there are some key differences between the two:

Proximity to the source: Edge computing typically refers to processing that occurs on devices that are located at the very edge of the
network, such as sensors or IoT devices. Fog computing, on the other hand, refers to processing that occurs on devices that are located
closer to the center of the network, such as routers or switches.

Scope: Edge computing typically involves a small number of devices, with processing occurring at the device level. Fog computing, on the
other hand, can involve a larger number of devices, with processing occurring at the network level.

Latency requirements: Edge computing is typically used for applications that require very low latency, such as real-time data processing or
control systems. Fog computing can also be used for low-latency applications, but it is also suitable for applications that require more
processing power or data storage.

Network connectivity: Edge computing devices may operate in environments where network connectivity is limited or intermittent, and may
need to be able to operate independently. Fog computing devices, on the other hand, typically have more reliable network connectivity and
are better suited for applications that require more sophisticated networking capabilities.

In summary, edge computing and fog computing are both decentralized computing architectures that enable data processing to occur closer
to the source. However, edge computing is typically used for low-latency applications that require processing at the device level, while fog
computing is more suitable for applications that require more processing power or data storage, and can involve processing at the network
level

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Architecture

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Architecture

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 Tools\Techniques Used

1. Edge devices: These are small computing devices that are deployed at the edge of the network, such as sensors, gateways, and
routers. They collect data from the environment and perform basic processing before transmitting the data to the cloud or a nearby
fog node.

2. Fog nodes: These are intermediate nodes that sit between edge devices and the cloud. They have more computing and storage
resources than edge devices and can perform more complex processing tasks. Fog nodes can be deployed in various locations, such
as on a factory floor, in a vehicle, or on a streetlight

3. Fog orchestration platforms: These platforms manage the resources of the fog network and enable applications to be deployed and
run seamlessly across the fog nodes. They provide a centralized view of the fog network and can automate tasks such as resource
allocation, load balancing, and fault tolerance.

4. Fog-based data analytics: Fog computing enables real-time data analytics to be performed close to the data source, which can provide
insights faster and enable quicker decision-making. Fog-based data analytics tools can be used to detect anomalies, predict failures,
and optimize processes.

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 Tools\Techniques Used

1) Security tools: Fog computing introduces new security challenges, such as securing the communication between edge
devices and fog nodes, protecting fog nodes from attacks, and ensuring data privacy. Security tools such as encryption,
authentication, and access control can be used to address these challenges.

2) Machine learning algorithms: Machine learning algorithms can be trained and run on fog nodes to enable real-time
decision-making based on data collected from the environment. This can be useful in applications such as autonomous
vehicles, where decisions must be made quickly and locally to ensure safety.

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 Applications

1. Smart Utility Service

The main objective smart utility service is to save cost and time through conservation of energy. Fog computing is beneficial in enabling analysis of data from
the application at every minute for continuous update and addressing complication in transmission of other data heavy traffic created by IoT applications.

2. Smart Cities
The most significant examples of the application of fog computing for smart cities is traffic regulation. The traffic signals and road barriers are installed with
sensors to collect data on the movement of vehicles on the road. Fog computing allows real-time data analysis that enable the traffic signal to rapidly change
according to the traffic situation.

3. Healthcare
The innovation of technologies and IoT introduces the evolution of wearables. From a watch that tell time and date to a smartwatch that delivers more than just
telling time and date but as well provides various users data including health condition. The wearables are also applied to the patients in hospital to give
continuous information about their vitals, blood glucose levels and many more. Fog computing is useful to these wearables as it ensure data to be delivered
without delay during emergency cases.

4. Video Surveillance
Shopping mall and public places usually are installed with surveillance camera to provide video images on public behaviours. Surveillance camera collects big
volume of data in form of video. In order to prevent latency, fog computing is essential in helping identifies abnormalities in crowd patterns and immediately
alert authorities on the situation.

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 CONCLUSION

Fog computing is a distributed computing model that brings computation and storage resources closer to the
data source, which enables faster processing, lower latency, and reduced network congestion. This makes it an
ideal technology for a wide range of applications across various industries, including smart cities, industrial
automation, healthcare, autonomous vehicles, retail, and agriculture.

In smart cities, fog computing can be used to enable various applications such as traffic management, public
safety, environmental monitoring, energy management, and waste management. By deploying fog nodes in
strategic locations throughout a city, real-time data can be processed and analyzed locally to enable faster
decision-making and response times.

Overall, fog computing has the potential to transform many industries by enabling real-time data processing and
analytics capabilities that were not possible before. By bringing computation and storage resources closer to the
data source, fog computing can enable faster processing, lower latency, and reduced network congestion, which
is essential for many modern applications. As such, we can expect to see more widespread adoption of fog
computing in the years to come, as more organizations look to leverage this technology to enable new and
innovative applications.

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 Thank You

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