1.
SALIENT FEATURES:
1.1 LOCATION
A Bahuti Main Canal of Bahuti flow scheme crosses a nala at R.D. 24.7 km.
Nala is small and meandering on both the sides of proposed crossing and hence it needs
training to small extent on U/S and D/S sides.
1.2 CATCHMENT
The nala has a small catchment of 80.5 Ha
The catchment is hilly and some part, plain consisting of cultivated fields.
1.3 HIGH FLOOD LEVEL
The highest flood level workout to be 330.915 m,
there is no observed flood level in this case.
1.4 CHOICE OF STRUCTURE
The canal bed level is at R.L. 328.459 and HFL is at RL 330.915
Therefore only feasible structure this place is drainage culvert.
1.5. DESIGN FEATURES
1.5.1 FOUNDATION
Hard strata i.e. (Murom mixed with copra) having more than 40t/bearing capacity is available for
formation of wing wall and return wall.
1.5.2 R.C.C. BARREL
R.C.C. Barrel with M-25 Concrete is provided with Steel fe415 d Bars.
1.5.3 BREAST WALL
D/S and U/S breast wall of M-15 grade is provided.
1.5.4 WING WALL
P.C.C. M-15 Concrete wing walls has been provided. Wing walls are provided as per annexure
3.9.3 of E-in-C 70/1. The wing wall gets embedded in both the banks and foundation and
accordingly kept up in the steps. Splay of wing walls is calculated from stable slope criteria.
2.1 CANAL DATA:
PARTICULAR
FULL SUPPLY Q
DISCHARGE 41.628 cumecs
BED WIDTH 6.35 m
FULL SUPPLY DEPTH FSD
4.700 m
FREE BOARD 0.900 m
BED SLOPE S 1: 10000
SIDE SLOPE: INNER 1.12 :1
SIDE SLOPE: OUTER 2 :1
VELOCITY V 1.069 m/s
MANNINGS CONSTANT n 0.018
CANAL BED LEVEL CBL 328.459 m
FULL SUPPLY LEVEL FSL 333.159 m
PIPE INLET 328.189 m
DEPTH of WATER TO BE
CONSIDERED IN Box Culvert 1.8 m
TOP BED LEVEL TBL 334.059 m
SERVICE BANK Left 5 m
NON SERVICE BANK Right 4 m
Ground Level 330.246 m
2.2 DRAINAGE DATA:
PARTICULAR NOTATION VALUE
BED SLOPE S 1: 120
CATCHMENT AREA C.A. 80.5 Ha
H.F.L. AT CENTRE 330.915 m
VELOCITY THROUGH
BARREL 3.13 m/s
HEAD LOSS THROUGH
BARREL 0.646
VELOCITY IN NALA V
1.90 m/s
3. HYDRAULIC CALCULATIONS
Total catchment area = 80.5 Ha
Discharge, Q = 0.21 A (A In Ha) (Ref. para 2.2.6 of E-in-C 70/1)
= 0.21 x 80.5
= 16.91 cumecs.
Since catchment is hilly, therefore increase the design discharge by 20%.
(Ref. para 2.2.7.2 of E-in-C 70/1)
Qd = 16.91 X 1.2
= 20.286 cumecs.
Calculation of waterway:
Allowable velocity in a concrete finished structure is (V ) = 3.49 m/s
Area required = Q/V
Area required = 5.81 sqm
Consider a depth of water in box Culvert as 1.8 m
let us provide
2 numbers of 1.8 m x 1.8 m barrel
water way area available
2 * 1.8 * 1.8
- 2.00 *2* 〖0.3〗^2
= 6.48 sqm.
Hence
provided area of water way is ok
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 2 𝑛𝑜’𝑠 𝑜𝑓 1.8 𝑚 * 1.8 𝑚 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑙.
Hence actual velocity generated in the barrel =
Q/A = 20.286 / 6.48 = 3.131 m/s
TheVelocity is within Permissible Limits (i.e. < 3.5m/s).
HFL Calculations: (As Per apra 2.2.2 of E-in-C70/1)
Assuming HFL At 330.915 (as per Local Enquiry )
n = 0.025
Area of Cross section = 10.85 sqm
Wetted Perimeter P = 29.00 m
Hydraulic Mean Depth R = 0.37414 m
Nala Bed Slope = 1 : 120
By Manning Formula 2/3 1/2
V = 1 * R * S
n 2/3 1/2
= 1 * 0.374 * 0.008
0.025
= 1.89594 m/sec
= A*V
= 20.5709 Cumecs
, this also talies with the +20% additional discharge for hilly
= 1.896 m/sec
Discharge = A*V
= 20.571 Cumecs
with HFL 330.915 , this also talies with the +20% additional discharge for hilly
catchments.
4. SCOUR DEPTH
4.1 NORMAL SCOUR DEPTH
Consider value of F = 2.75 (Annexure 2.4.1) (Ref. Para 2.4.1 of E-IN-C 70/1)
The required normal scour depth = 0.473 (Q/F )^(1/3)
= 0.473 ( 20.29 / 2.75)^(1/3)
= 0.92 m below HFL
4.2 SCOUR DEPTH FOR RESTRICTED WATER WAY
〖𝐷=𝐷′(𝑊/𝐿)〗^0.61
(Ref.para 2.4.1 of E-IN-C 70/1)
Where D =regime scour depth in m.
W = 4.8(Q) ½
= 21.62 m
L = 2 ∗ 1.8 + 0.9 = 4.5 m
D = 0.92〖( 21.62/ 4.5)〗^0.61
D = 2.40 m below HFL 328.085
4.3 MAXIMUM SCOUR DEPTH
331.91
〖𝐷=𝐷′(𝑊/𝐿)〗^1.56
(Ref.para 2.4.2 of E-IN-C 70/1) 3.825
Where D =regime scour depth in m.
W = 4.8(Q) ½
= 21.62 m
L = 2 ∗ 1.8 ∗ 0.9 = 4.5 m
D = 0.92〖( 21.62 / 4.5 )〗^1.56
D = 10.65 m below HFL D' value need to b checked
However since floor is protected with bed concrete (P.C.C. M-10)
Therefore depth criteria will be followed as per E-IN-C 70/1 2.4.3 rule 4.
i.e. designed scour depth = 1.27 * restricted waterway scour depth.
= 1.27 * 2.40 = 3 m below HFL.
HENCE LET US PROVIDE SCOUR LEVEL AT 3.0 M BELOW HFL.
SCOUR LEVEL = 330.915 - 3.0
SCOUR LEVEL = 327.869 m
5. HEAD LOSS CALCULATIONS
5.1 APPROXIMATE LENGTH OF Culverts
In order to calculate the approximate length of barrel, let us consider
BED WIDTH = 6.35 m
TBL-CBL= 334.059 - 328.459 = 5.6 m
5.6 x 1.12 x 2 = 12.544 m
LEFT SERVICE BANK WIDTH = 5m
RIGHT NON SERVICE BANK WIDTH = 4m
RIGHT SIDE SLOPE HEIGHT
TBL - U/S Top level of head wall = 334.059 - 332.912 m
1.147
2.294 m
LEFT SIDE SLOPE LENGTH
TBL - D/S Top level of Breast wall 334.059 - 331.912 m
2.15 m
4.294 m
HENCE TOTAL LENGTH OF BARREL =
6.35 + 12.54 + 9.00 + 2.294 + 4.294
= 35.282 m
5.2 HEAD LOSS
V1 = 1.896 m/sec in original nala.
V2 = 3.13 m/sec in through the pipes.
5.3 ENTRY LOSS
entry loss = 〖0.2(𝑉2〗^
〖−𝑉1〗^2)/2𝑔
= EL = 0.04 m
5.4 EXIT LOSS
Exit loss = 〖0.3(𝑉2〗^ 〖−𝑉1〗^2)/2𝑔
= EL = 0.06 m
5.5 FRICTION LOSS
Head Loss Hf = ( 1 + f1 + f2 * L/R ) 〖𝑉〗^2)/2𝑔
f1 = Coefficient for Loss of Head at entry 0.505 for unshaped mouth and 0.08 for
bell mouth
f2 = a( 1+ b/ R )
where, a= 0.00316
b= 0.03
f2 = 0.00316(1+ 0.067 )
= 0.0034
Here,
Length of Culvert = 35.28 m
velocity in Culvert= 3.130555556 m/s
Coefficient of Rugosity, n = 0.018
Gross Sectional Area, A= 6.4800 sqm
Gross wetted perimeter, P = 14.4 m
Hydraulic mean Depth,R = A/P= 0.45 m
(1+ 0.080 + 0.0034 x 2.294 ) + 0.500
0.450
friction loss= 0.548 m
total head loss = 0.646 m
5.6 SLOPE OF BARREL
velocity in barrel,V = 3.13 m/s
Hydraulic mean Depth, R = 0.45 m
Coefficient of Rugosity, n = 0.018 0 0
As we know by manning’s formula,
V= 𝑅^(2/3) 𝑆^(1/2)/n
S = (V*𝑛/𝑅^(2/3))^2
S = ( 3.13 * 0.018 / 0.58723 )^2
S = 0.009208124
therefore provide
0.32 m slope is needed for 35.28 m of barrel
therefore provide 0.3 m slope
6. DESIGN OF BOX UNDER CANAL BANK
CONDITION: BARREL IS EMPTY AND EARTH ABOVE BARREL IS SATURATED
* Design under bed: - Since canal size is small hence provide same section of
barrel as that barrel under bank. Thus no need to go for design separately.
7.1 DEAD LOAD
Height of banking above barrel = TBL – D/S Barrel top
= 334.06 - 328.159
= 5.9 m
let us take it as 5.9 m for safety purpose
DEAD LOAD OF EARTH = 5.9 * 1.8 = 10.62 t/sqm
DEAD LOAD OF TOP SLAB = 0.35 ∗ 2.4 = 0.84 t/sqm
HENCE TOTAL DEAD LOAD = 11.46 t/sqm
6.2 LIVE LOAD (Class A – A loading)
14.1
13.3
LOADING Intensity per sqm = 11.4 x 2 / 11.736 x 10.886 = 0.12204 t/ sqm
HENCE Total Load on Top Slab = Dead load + Live load
= 11.46 + 0.12
= 11.582 t/sqm
LOADING on Bottom Slab = Loading on top slab + D.L. of barrel
= 11.582 + 1.16129
= 12.74 t/sqm
LOADING, REACTION AND MOMENTS ON SIDE WALLS
EP1 = 1.8 X 5.9 X 1/3 = 3.54 t/sqm
EP2 = 1/3 x 1.800 x 2.500 = 1.5 t/sqm
EP3 = EP1 + EP2 = 5.04 t/sqm
5.9
0.35
EP1
0.35
1.8
2.50
0.35
EP2 EP1
4.65
6.3 FIXED END MOMENTS (FEM)
0.35
A B C
1.8
0.35
F E D
4.65
MAB = Wl²/12
= MAB = 11.58 〖∗L〗^2 /12) = 4.461 tm
MBA = Wl²/12
= MBA = -( 11.58 〖∗L〗^2 /12) = -4.46 tm
MBC = Wl²/12
= MBC = 11.58 〖∗L〗^2 /12 = 4.461 tm
MCB = Wl²/12
= MCB = ( 11.58 〖∗L〗^2 /12) = -4.46 tm
MFE = Wl²/12
= MFE = 12.74 〖∗L〗^2 /12) = 4.909 tm
MEF = Wl²/12
= MEF = ( 12.74 〖∗L〗^2 /12) = -4.909 tm
MAF = - ( 〖EP1 L^2/ 12 + 〖EP2 L^2/ 30 )
= - ( 1.363637 + 0.231125) = -1.595 tm
MFA = - ( 〖EP1 L^2/ 12 + 〖EP1 L^2/ 20 )
= −( 1.363637+ 0.3466875) = 1.7103 tm
MCD = - ( +
= ( 1.363637 + 0.231125) = -1.595 tm
MDC = - ( +
= - ( 1.363637+ 0.3466875
) = 1.7103 tm
MED = Wl²/12
= MED = ( 12.74 〖∗L〗^2 /12)= 4.909 tm
MDE = Wl²/12
= MDE = -( 12.74 〖∗L〗^2 /12) = -4.91 tm
MBE = Wl²/12 = =0
MEB = Wl²/12 = =0
MAXIMUM MOMENTS AT SLABS
TOP SLAB,
M = Wl²/8 = 11.582039 〖∗L〗^2/8 = 6.692 tm
BOTTOM SLAB,
M = Wl²/8 = 12.74 〖∗L〗^2/8 = 7.363 tm
6.5 MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
6.5.1 TOP SLAB
JOINT A A B B B C C
MEMBER AF AB BA BE BC CB CD
D.F. 0.500 0.500 0.330 0.330 0.330 0.500 0.500
FEM -1.595 4.461 -4.461 0.000 4.461 -4.461 1.595
BALANCE -1.433 -1.433 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.433 1.433
CO -0.800 0.000 -0.717 0.000 0.717 0.000 0.800
BALANCE 0.400 0.400 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.400 -0.400
CO 0.179 0.000 0.200 0.000 -0.200 0.000 -0.179
BALANCE -0.090 -0.090 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.090 0.090
CO -0.050 0.000 -0.045 0.000 0.045 0.000 0.050
BALANCE 0.025 0.025 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.025 -0.025
CO 0.011 0.000 0.012 0.000 -0.012 0.000 -0.011
BALANCE -0.006 -0.006 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.006
CO -0.003 0.000 -0.003 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.003
FINAL
-3.4 3.4 -5.0 0.0 5.0 -3.4 3.4
MOMENT
6.5.2 BOTTOM SLAB
JOINT F F E E E D D
MEMBER FA FE EF EB ED DE DC
D.F. 0.500 0.500 0.330 0.330 0.330 0.500 0.500
FEM -1.710 4.909 -4.909 0 4.91 -4.909 1.710
BALANCE -1.599 -1.599 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.599 1.599
CO -0.717 0.000 -0.800 0.000 0.800 0.000 0.717
BALANCE 0.358 0.358 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.358 -0.358
CO 0.200 0.000 0.179 0.000 -0.179 0.000 -0.200
BALANCE -0.100 -0.100 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.100 0.100
CO -0.045 0.000 -0.050 0.000 0.050 0.000 0.045
BALANCE 0.022 0.022 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.022 -0.022
CO 0.012 0.000 0.011 0.000 -0.011 0.000 -0.012
BALANCE -0.006 -0.006 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.006
CO -0.003 0.000 -0.003 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.003
FINAL
-3.6 3.6 -5.6 0.0 5.6 -3.6 3.6
MOMENT
6.5.3Effective Depth Calculation
d = 1/2
√M/(Qb)
d = Effective depth Reqd.
M = Bending Moment at section
Q = (1/2)x jx kx σ cbc
j = 1 - K/3
K = (280/(3x σcbc )) / (280/(3xσcbc ) + σ st )
σ cbc & σ st are the permissible flexural strength in steel and concrete respectively
= 27855.9793 * 1000
√ 0.28329928 * 1000
= 313.57142 mm
CALCULATION OF NET MOMENTS i.e. DESIGN MOMENTS IS AS FOLLOWS
7.6.1 TOP SLAB
AT JOINT A = 3.3577 tm (From Moment Distribution Table)
AT JOINT B = 5.0134 tm (From Moment Distribution Table)
AT JOINT C = 3.3609 tm (From Moment Distribution Table)
AT CENTRE OF SLAB AB = (Maximum moment – average of moment at joints)
= 6.692 - ( 3.3577481+ 5.01337308 )/2 = 2.50669 tm
AT CENTRE OF SLAB BC = (Maximum moment – average of moment at joints)
= 6.692 - ( 3.3608716+ 5.01337308) /2 = 2.50512 tm
6.6.2 BOTTOM SLAB
AT JOINT F = 3.5841 tm (From Moment Distribution Table)
AT JOINT E= 5.5712 tm (From Moment Distribution Table)
AT JOINT D= 3.5869 tm (From Moment Distribution Table)
AT CENTRE OF SLAB FE = (Maximum moment – average of moment at joints)
= 7.363 - ( 3.584 + 5.571)/2 = 2.7856 tm
AT CENTRE OF SLAB ED= (Maximum moment – average of moment at joints)
= 7.363 - ( 3.587 + 5.571)/2 = 2.7842 tm
6.6.2 SIDE SLABS
F= EP2 * l / 2 = 0.75 t/sqm
ALSO, EP1 * l * l / 8 = 0.4425 t/sqm
Total = 0.75 + 0.4425 = 1.193 t/sqm
Now maximum moment = total moment – (average of EP1 & EP2)
MAXIMUM MOMENT = -1.3275 t/sqm
6.7 STEEL CALCULATIONS
CALCULATION OF AREA OF STEEL REQUIRED IS AS FOLLOWS
6.7.1 TOP SLAB
AT JOINT A = 3.3577 x 100000 / 2300 x 0.9 x 24.0 = 6.7587521 sqcm
/
/
AT JOINT C = 3.3609 x 100000 / 2300 x 0.9 x 24.0 = 6.7650395 sqcm
AT JOINT B = 5.0134 x 100000 / 1500 x 0.9 x 24.0 = 15.473374 sqcm
AT CENTRE OF SLAB
AB = 2.5067 *100000 /(0.9*1500 x 24.0 ) = 7.7366869 sqcm
BC = 2.5051 *100000 /(0.9*1500 x 24.0 ) = 7.7318666 sqcm
6.7.2 BOTTOM SLAB
AT JOINT F = 3.5841 x 100000 / 2300 x 0.9 x 24.0 = 7.2144095 sqcm
AT JOINT D = 3.5869 x 100000 / 2300 x 0.9 x 24.0 = 7.2200446 sqcm
AT JOINT E = 5.5712 x 100000 / 1500 x 0.9 x 24.0 = 17.195049 sqcm
AT CENTRE OF SLAB
FE = 2.7856 *100000 /(0.9*1500 x 24.0 ) = 8.5975245 sqcm
ED = 2.7842 *100000 /(0.9*1500 x 24.0 ) = 8.5932042 sqcm
7. PLACEMENT OF REINFORCEMENT TO PROVIDE PROTECTION AGAINST
REQUIRED TENSION
7.1 TOP SLAB
AT JOINT A = provide 16 mm dia bars at 130 mm c/c
hence provided area of steel = 15.458462 sqcm
Hence safe.
AT JOINT C = provide 16 mm dia bars at 130 mm c/c
hence provided area of steel = 15.458462 sqcm
Hence safe.
AT JOINT B = provide 16 mm dia through bars at 260 mm c/c,
20 mm dia alternate bars at 260 c/c
hence area of steel provided = 12.076923 + 7.729 = 19.8 sqm
Hence safe.
AT CENTRE OF SLAB AB = provide 16 mm dia bars at 130 mm c/c ,
hence provided area of steel = 15.458462 sqcm
Hence safe.
AT CENTRE OF SLAB BC = provide 16 mm dia bars at 130 mm c/c ,
hence provided area of steel = 15.458462 sqcm
Hence safe.
7.2 BOTTOM SLAB
AT JOINT F = provide 16 mm dia bars at 130 mm c/c ,
hence provided area of steel = 15.458462 sqcm
Hence safe.
AT JOINT D = provide 16 mm dia bars at 130 mm c/c ,
hence provided area of steel = 15.458462 sqcm
Hence safe.
AT JOINT E = provide 16 mm dia through bars at 260 c/c +
20 mm dia alternate bars at 260 c/c
hence area of steel provided = = 12.076923 + 7.729 = 19.8 sqm
Hence safe.
AT CENTRE OF SLAB FE = provide 16 mm dia bars at 130 mm c/c ,
hence provided area of steel = 15.458462 sqcm
Hence safe.
AT CENTRE OF SLAB ED = provide 16 mm dia bars at 130 mm c/c ,
hence provided area of steel = 15.458462 sqcm
Hence safe.
