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IP Packet Struture2

IP Packet

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8 views3 pages

IP Packet Struture2

IP Packet

Uploaded by

hoang_humg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IP Packet Header: Format, Fields

What is IP header?
IP Header is meta information at the beginning of an IP packet. It displays
information such as the IP version, the packet's length, the source, and the
destination.

IPV4 header format is 20 to 60 bytes in length. It contains information need for


routing and delivery. It consists of 13 fields such as Version, Header length, total
distance, identification, flags, checksum, source IP address, destination IP address.
It provides essential data need to transmit the data. LE

IPv4 Header Components/Fields

IP header format

Following are various components/fields of IP packet header

 Version: The first IP header field is a 4-bit version indicator. In IPv4, the value
of its four bits is set to 0100, which indicates 4 in binary. However, if the
router does not support the specified version, this packet will be dropped.
 Internet Header Length: Internet header length, shortly known as IHL, is 4
bits in size. It is also called HELEN (Header Length). This IP component is
used to show how many 32-bit words are present in the header.
 Type of Service: Type of Service is also called Differentiated Services Code
Point or DSCP. This field is provided features related to the quality of service
for data streaming or VoIP calls. The first 3 bits are the priority bits. It is also
used for specifying how you can handle Datagram.
 Total length: The total length is measured in bytes. The minimum size of an
IP datagram is 20 bytes and the maximum, it can be 65535 bytes . HELEN and
Total length can be used to calculate the dimension of the payload.

All hosts are required to be able to read 576-byte datagrams. However, if a


datagram is too large for the hosts in the network, the fragmentation
method is widely used.hat is Linux Linux Beginner Tutorial

 Identification: Identification is a packet that is used to identify fragments of


an IP datagram uniquely. Some have recommended using this field for other
things like adding information for packet tracing, etc.
 IP Flags: Flag is a three-bit field that helps you to control and identify
fragments.

The following can be their possible configuration:

Bit 0: is reserved and has to be set to zero

Bit 1: means do not fragment

Bit 2: means more fragments.

 Fragment Offset: Fragment Offset represents the number of Data Bytes


ahead of the particular fragment in the specific Datagram. It is specified in
terms of the number of 8 bytes, which has a maximum value of 65,528 bytes.
 Time to live: It is an 8-bit field that indicates the maximum time the
Datagram will be live in the internet system. The time duration is measured
in seconds, and when the value of TTL is zero, the Datagram will be erased.

Every time a datagram is processed its TTL value is decreased by one


second. TTL are used so that datagrams are not delivered and discarded
automatically. The value of TTL can be 0 to 255.
 Protocol: This IPv4 header is reserved to denote that internet protocol is
used in the latter portion of the Datagram. For Example, 6 number digit is
mostly used to indicate TCP, and 17 is used to denote the UDP protocol.
 Header Checksum: The next component is a 16 bits header checksum field,
which is used to check the header for any errors. The IP header is compared
to the value of its checksum. When the header checksum is not matching,
then the packet will be discarded.
 Source Address: The source address is a 32-bit address of the source used
for the IPv4 packet.
 Destination address: The destination address is also 32 bit in size stores the
address of the receiver.
 IP Options: It is an optional field of IPv4 header used when the value of IHL
(Internet Header Length) is set to greater than 5. It contains values and
settings related with security, record route and time stamp, etc. You can see
that list of options component ends with an End of Options or EOL in most
cases.
 Data: This field stores the data from the protocol layer, which has handed
over the data to the IP layer.

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