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Lab 7 fabian

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fabian.sanchez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Alabama A&M University

College of Engineering, Technology, and Physical Sciences


Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

EE-340L: Load Characteristics of a D.C. Generator

EE340L – Lab 7

Fabian Sanchez

10/26/2023

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Lab 7
Load Characteristics of a D.C. Generator

Preparation: Read the material on D.C. Generators given in the Lab. Manual. You will
need the concepts of induced emf and the factors that influence the
terminal voltage of a generator for understanding and performing this
experiment.

Objective: To study the load characteristics, dependence of terminal voltage on load current
of a separately excited d.c. generator and also of a shunt generator.

Apparatus Required: Rheostats, d.c. Ammeters, d.c. Voltmeter, and Tachometer.


Machine Specifications: Note down the name plate data from the machine.
Connection Diagram:
Note that the prime mover is a d.c. shunt motor which should be connected as given in
Experiment 1. Keep the ammeters in the circuit of the d.c. motor. In the first set the
generator is operated as a separately excited generator and in the second set it is operated
as shunt generator.
I0 I0
D.C. Motor A A

Load
V V0 V0
V
Load

If
+ Case 1
R3 Separately
120 V Excited Case 2
d.c. Generator Shunt Generator
-
Procedure:
1. Select the instruments and rheostats and connect the machines for Case 1.
2. Start the driving motor and adjust its speed to 1500 rpm. The speed should be maintained
at this value all throughout the experiment.
3. Adjust the terminal voltage of the generator to the rated value by adjusting the rheostat
connected in its field circuit. Do no vary this resistance any more in the
experiment.
4. Switch on the first section of the load connected to the generator. Adjust the speed of the
set to 1500 rpm. Note the load current, load voltage, motor line current and
supply voltage.
5. Repeat step 4 for other loads.
6. Tabulate the readings in Table 1.
7. Switch off the machines, and power supply.

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8. Connect the generator as a shunt generator (Case 2)
9. Start the driving motor and adjust its speed to 1500 rpm. The speed should be maintained
at this value all throughout the experiment.
10. Keep the field rheostat in the generator circuit to the maximum value.
11. Slowly reduce this resistance while watching the generator output voltage. You will
notice that initially the voltage will be very small which indicates that the
machine is not building up. At a particular setting of the rheostat, you will notice that the
voltage increases fast to almost the rated value. This illustrates the process of buildup and the
dependence of the voltage build up on the total resistance in the field circuit.
12. Repeat steps 3,4,5
13. Record the readings in Table 2.

Readings:
Table 1: Separately Excited Generator

No Motor Generator
Line Voltage Line Current Load Voltage Load Current
(VL) (IL) (VO) (IO)

1 40.73 0.83 6.2 0.215


2 40.72 0.85 6.1 0.243
3 40.57 0.90 5.8 0.300
4 40.56 0.905 5.3 0.322

Table 2: Shunt Generator

No Motor Generator
Line Voltage Line Current Load Voltage Load Current
(VL) (IL) (VO) (IO)
1 50.56 0.59 4.8 0.0 (open)
2 50.59 0.59 1.4 0.045 (load)

Calculate the efficiency of the motor for each reading for each case and tabulate the results
according to the format given above.

Discussion and Conclusions:

In conclusion, line voltage, line current, and the intrinsic qualities of the generator all affect the
load voltage of a generator. With a notable decrease in load voltage as load current rises, the
separately excited generator displays a nonlinear voltage characteristic that suggests less
efficient voltage regulation. On the other hand, the shunt generator uses less energy and keeps
the load voltage more constant. As a result, the decision between the two generator types should
be based on the demands of the particular application; applications requiring higher voltage
regulation and efficiency are better suited for the shunt generator.

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