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Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 1
Quadratic Equations

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Mathematics – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Quadratic Equations

First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

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Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

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Writers: Stephane Joy P. Tagayong EdD

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Editors: Melita L. Maglajos PhD

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Management Team: Bianito A. Dagatan EdD, CESO V

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EPS, Mathematics

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Learning Competencies: Illustrates quadratic equations (M9AL-Ia-1)
Solving quadratic equations by: (a) extracting square roots; (b) factoring;
(c) completing the square; and (d) using the quadratic formula (M9AL-Ia-b-1)

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

(1) define quadratic equation
(2) identify the values of a, b, and c of the quadratic equation
(3) solve the quadratic equations

Lesson 1: Introduction to Quadratic Equations

What is it

A quadratic equation in one variable is a mathematical sentence of degree 2 that can be written
in the standard form ax 2 +bx +c=0 , where a, b and c are real numbers and a≠ 0.

In the equation, ax2 is the quadratic term, bx is the linear term, and c is the constant term.
1. 2 x 2+5 x−3=0 is a quadratic equation (degree 2 or the highest exponent is 2)
in standard form with a= 2, b = 5 and c= -3.
2. 8k – 3 = 12 is a linear equation (degree 1 or highest exponent is 1).
2
3. x + 5 = 0 is a quadratic equation (degree 2 or the highest exponent is 2)
of the form ax2 + c = 0 with a = 1, b=0 and c = 5
4. 3x (x-2) = 10 is a quadratic equation, however, it is not written in standard
form. To write the equation in standard form, expand the
product and make one side of the equation zero as shown
below:

What’s More

A. Identify which of the following equations are quadratic and which are not quadratic. Give a brief
explanation why it is quadratic and why it is not quadratic.

Equations Reasons
_______________1. 2x - 4 = 0 ________________________________

_______________2. x2 + 7x -18 = 0 ________________________________

B. Write each quadratic equation in standard form, ax2 + bx + c = 0 then identify the values of a, b, and c.
Quadratic Equations Standard Form a b c
1. 3x – 2x2 = 7

2. 2x (x – 3) =15

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 Lesson 2: Solving Quadratic Equations

What is it 2-A. Solving Quadratic Equations by Extracting Square

Roots

 The standard form of a quadratic equation is ax 2 +bx +c=0.

It can also be written in the form x 2 = k and can be solved by applying the following properties:
1. If k>0, then x 2= k has two real solutions or roots: x = ± √ k
2. If k=0, then x 2= k has one real solution or root: x = 0
3. If k<0, then x 2 has no real solutions or roots.
 The method of solving the quadratic equation x 2 = k is called extracting square roots.

Example No.1: Find the solution of the equation x 2−16=0 by extracting the square roots.
Solution: Write the equation in the form x 2=k . Apply Addition Property of Equality (APE).
2 2
x −16=0 x −16+16=0+16
2
x =16
Since, 16 is greater than 0, then the first property can be applied to find the value of x
that will make the equation x2 -16 = 0 true. Apply extracting square roots.
x =16 x=± √ 16 (Property No.1)
2

x=± 4
Checking: For x = 4 For x = -4
2
x – 16 = 0 x2 – 16 = 0
2
(4¿ – 16 = 0 (-4¿2 – 16 = 0
16 - 16 = 0 16 - 16 = 0
0=0 0=0
Both values of x satisfy the given equation.
So, the equation x2 – 16 = 0 is true when x = 4 or when x = -4.
Answer: The equation x2 – 16 = 0 has two solutions: x = 4 or x = -4.

Example No.2: Solve the equationt 2=0.

Answer: Since t 2=0, then the equation has only one solution, that is t=0. (Property No. 2)

Example No. 3: Find the roots of the equation s2+ 9 = 0

Solution: Write the equation in the form x 2=k .
2 2
s +9=0 s + 9- 9 = 0 - 9
2
s = -9 (Property No. 3)
Since -9 is less than 0, then the equation s2=−9 has no real solutions or roots.
There is no real number when squared gives – 9.
Answer: The equation s2+ 9 = 0 has no real solutions or roots.

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Example No. 4: Find the solutions of the equation (x - 4 )2 – 25 = 0.

Solution: To solve for (x – 4) 2 – 25 = 0, add 25 on both sides of the equation (APE).

(x – 4) 2 – 25 + 25 = 0 + 25

The resulting equation is (x – 4)2 = 25.

Solve the resulting equation.

(x – 4)2 = 25 x – 4 = ± √ 25 (Property No. 1)

x – 4 = ±5

Solve for x in the equation x – 4 = ±5 .

x – 4 + 4 = ±5 x = ±5 + 4

The equation will result to two values of x.

x=5+4 x = -5 + 4

x=9 x = -1

Check the obtained values of x against the original equation.

For x=9 For x = -1

(x - 4)2 – 25 = 0 (x - 4)2 – 25 = 0

(9 - 4)2 – 25 = 0 (-1 - 4)2 – 25 = 0

(5)2 – 25 = 0 (-5)2 – 25 = 0

25 – 25 = 0 25 – 25 = 0

0=0 0=0

Both values of x satisfy the given equation.

So, the equation (x - 4 )2 – 25=0 is true when x = 9 or when x = -1.

Answer: The equation (x - 4)2 – 25 = 0 has two solutions: x = 9 or x = -1.

What’s More

A. Solve the following quadratic equations by extracting square roots.

1. x2 = 225 2. (s – 4)2 -169 = 0

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 What is it 2-B. Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring

 Some quadratic equations can be solved easily by factoring.

To solve such quadratic equations by factoring, the following procedures can be followed.
1. Transform the quadratic equation into standard form ax2 + bx + c = 0 if necessary.
2. Factor the quadratic expression.
3. Apply the zero-product property by setting each factor of the quadratic expression equal to 0.

 Zero-Product Property of Real Numbers

If a and b are real numbers, then ab=0 if, and only if, a = 0 or b = 0.
4. Solve each resulting equation.
5. Check the values of the variable obtained by substituting each in the original equation.

Example: Find the solutions of x 2+ 9x = -8 by factoring.

Solution:1. Transform the quadratic equation into standard form if necessary.
2 2
x + 9x = -8 x + 9x + 8 = 0
2. Factor the quadratic expression.
2
x + 9x + 8 = 0 (x + 1) (x + 8) = 0
3. Apply the zero-product property by setting each factor of the quadratic
expression equal to 0.
(x + 1) (x + 8) =0 x + 1= 0; x + 8 = 0
4. Solve each resulting equation by applying Addition Property of Equality (APE)
x+1=0 x + 1- 1 = 0 – 1
x = -1
x+8=0 x+8–8=0–8
x = -8
5. Check the values of the variable obtained by substituting each in the original
equation.
For x = -1 For x = -8
2 2
x + 9x = -8 x +9x = -8
2
(-1¿ +9(-1) = -8 (-8¿2 + 9 (-8) = -8
1+ (-9) = -8 64 – 72 = -8
-8 = -8 -8 = -8
Both values of x satisfy the given equation.
So, the equation x 2 + 9x = -8 is true when x = -1 or when x = -8.

What’s More
B. Solve the following quadratic equations by factoring.

1. x2 + 3x – 28 = 0 2. h2 + 6h = 16

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 What is it 2-C. Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square

 Another method of solving quadratic equation is by completing the square. This method
involves transforming the quadratic equation a x 2+ bx+ c=0 into the form (x-h¿2 =k,
where k≥0.
To solve the quadratic equation a x 2+ bx+ c=0 by completing the square, the following
steps can be followed.
1. Divide both side of the equation by a, then simplify.
2. Write the equation such that the terms with variables are both on the left side of the
equation and the constant term is on the right side.
3. Add the square of one-half of the coefficient of x on both sides of the resulting
equation. The left side of the equation becomes a perfect square trinomial.
4. Express the perfect square trinomial on the left side of the equation as a square of a
binomial.
5. Solve the resulting quadratic equations by extracting the square root.
6. Solve the resulting linear equations.
7. Check the solutions obtained against the original equation.

Example: Solve the quadratic 2 x 2+8x-10=0 by completing the square.

Solution:1. Divide both sides of the equation by 2 then simplify.
2 x 2+8x-10 = 0 2
x +4x-5=0
2 2
2. Add 5 to both sides of the equation then simplify by applying APE.
2 2
x + 4 x−5=0 x + 4 x−5+ 5=0+5
2
x + 4 x=5
3. Add to both sides of the equation the square of one-half of 4. [½ (4) = 2….22 = 4]
2 2
x + 4 x=5 x + 4 x + 4=5+ 4
2
x + 4 x + 4=9
4. Express x 2+ 4x + 4 as a square of binomial.
2
x + 4 x + 4=9 (x+2¿2 =9
5. Solve (x+2¿2 =9 by extracting the square root
(x+ 2)2 = 9 x +2=± √ 9
x+ 2 = ±3
6. Solve the resulting linear equation by applying
Addition Property of Equality
x+2=3 x + 2 = -3
x +2 -2 = 3 - 2 x + 2 – 2 = -3 -2
x=1 x = -5

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 7. Check the solutions obtained against the original equation 2x2 + 8x – 10 = 0.
For x=1 For x = -5
2x2 + 8x – 10 = 0 2x2 + 8x – 10 = 0
2
2(1) + 8 (1) – 10 = 0 2 (-5)2 + 8 (-5) – 10 = 0
2(1) + 8 – 10 = 0 2 (25) – 40 – 1 0= 0
2 + 8 – 10 = 0 50 – 40 – 10 = 0
0=0 0=0

Both values of x satisfy the given equation.

So, the equation 2x2 + 8x – 10 = 0 is true when x =1 or when x = -5
Answer: The equation 2x2 + 8x – 10 = 0 has two solutions: x = 1 or x = -5.

What’s More

C. Solve the following quadratic equations by completing the square.

1. s2 + 4s - 21 = 0 2. 2x2 + 4x – 6= 0

What is it 2-D. Solving Quadratic Equations using Quadratic Formula

 Quadratic Equation a x 2+ bx+ c=0 can be solved by using the quadratic formula.
−b ± √ b 2−4 ac
Quadratic Formula: x=
2a
Here are the steps to be followed:
1. Write the equation in standard form.
2. Determine the values of a, b, and c.
3. Substitute the values of a, b, and c in the quadratic formula and simplify.
4. Check the solutions obtained against the original equation.

Example: Find the solutions of the equation 2 x 2+ 3 x =27 using the quadratic formula.
Solution:1. Write the equation in standard form ax2 + bx + c = 0.
2 x 2+ 3 x =27 2 x 2+ 3 x −27=0
2. Determine the values of a, b and c. a=2 b= 3 c= -27
3. Substitute the values of a, b and c in the quadratic formula and simplify.
−b ± √ b 2−4 ac −3 ± √ (3)2−4 ( 2 ) (−27)
x= x= ,
2a 2(2)
−3 ± √ 9−8 (−27 )
x= ,
8 4
−3 ± √ 9+216
x= ,
4
−3 ± √ 225
x= ,
 What’s More

D. Find the solutions of each of the following quadratic equations using Quadratic Formula.

1. x2 + 10x + 9 = 0 2. 2x2 - 4x -16 = 0

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 Assessment

Directions: Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose the correct answer and write the
letter of your choice on the answer sheet provided.

1. It is a polynomial equation of degree two that can be written in the form ax 2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b,
and c are real numbers and a≠0.
a. Linear Equation c. Quadratic Equation
b. Linear Inequality d. Quadratic Inequality

2. Which of the following is a quadratic equation?

a. 2r2 + 4r -1 b. 3t – 7 = 2 c. s2 + 5s -4 = 0 d. 2x2 – 7x ≥3

3. In the quadratic equation 3x2 + 7x – 4 = 0, which is the quadratic term?

a. x2 b. 7x c. 3x2 d. -4

4. How many real roots does the quadratic equation x2 + 5x - 6 = 0 have?

a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3

5. Which is the correct quadratic formula?

−b ± √ b2−4 ac b ± √ b2−4 ac
a. x= c. x=
2a 2a
b ± √ b2+ 4 ac −b ± √ b2 +4 ac
b. x= d. x=
2a 2a

6. Which of the following quadratic equations can be solved easily by extracting square roots?
a. x2 + 7x + 12 = 0 c. 4t2 – 9 = 0
2
b. 2w + 7w – 3 = 0 d. 3v2 + 2v – 8 =0

7. One of the roots of x2 – 3x – 4 = 0 is 4. What is the other root?

a. -1 b. 1 c. -2 d. 2

8. The factors of quadratic equation are (x + 5) and (x- 3). Which of the following quadratic equations has
these factors?
a. x2 - 8x + 15 = 0 b. x2 + 8x + 15 = 0 c. x2 - 2x - 15 = 0 d. x2 + 2x - 15 = 0

9. What are the roots of x(x-19) = 20?

a. 4 and -5 b. -4 and 5 c. 20 and -1 d. -20 and 1

10. What is the quadratic equation whose roots are 2 and -5?
a. x2 - 3x + 10 = 0 b. x2 + 3x + 10 = 0 c. x2 + 3x - 10 = 0 d. x2 - 3x - 10 = 0

References

Bryant, Merden L. 2014. Mathematics Learner's Material 9. Pasig City: Vibal Group,
Incorporated.

Bryant, Merden L. 2014. Mathematics Teacher’s Guide 9. Pasig City: Vibal Group,
Incorporated.

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 MATHEMATICS 9
Answer Sheet

Name: __________________________________________________________
Grade & Section: ________________ Score: _______

Quarter 1 – Module 1
Lesson 1
What’s More
A.

1. ________________, Reason _______________________________________________________

2. ________________, Reason _______________________________________________________

B.
Quadratic Equations Standard Form a b c
1. 3x – 2x2 = 7

2. 2x (x – 3) =15

Lesson 2
What’s More (A)
1. 2.

Lesson 2

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What’s More (B)
1. 2.

Lesson 2
What’s More (C)
1. 2.

Lesson 2
What’s More (D)

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1. 2.

Assessment

1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

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