UNIT I SYSTEMS COMPONENTS AND THEIR REPRESENTATION

Control System : Terminology and Basic Structure-Open loop and Closed Loop Systems- Feed forward and
Feedback control theory- Electrical and Mechanical Transfer Function Models-Block diagram Models-Signal
flow graphs models-DC and AC servo Systems- Synchros -Multivariable control system.
PART - A
BT
Q.No. Questions CO NO
Level
1. Define control system. BTL1 CO 01
2. What is feedback? What type of feedback is preferred for control
BTL1 CO 01
system?
3. Distinguish between open loop and closed loop system. BTL 4 CO 01
4. Construct the block diagram for closed loop control system. BTL 6 CO 01
5. Narrate about time invariant system. BTL1 CO 01
6. Express the transfer function of a control system. BTL 2 CO 01
7. Mention the basic elements of the translational mechanical system. BTL1 CO 01
8. Illustrate the Force Current analogy of a translational mechanical
BTL 2 CO 01
system.
9. Observe the ideal spring in a control system and write the force balance
BTL 5 CO 01
equation.
10. Outline the characteristics of the block diagram in the control system,
BTL1 CO 01
mention the components of the block diagram.
11. Interpret how the signal flow graph is used to represent a control system. BTL 3 CO 01
12. List the properties of signal flow graph. BTL 3 CO 01
13. Demonstrate loop and non-touching loops. BTL 2 CO 01
14. Write the Mason’s Gain formula BTL1 CO 01
15. Apply the block diagram reduction rule to combine the feed forward CO 01
paths.

BTL 3

16. Enumerate the features of a servo motor. BTL 4 CO 01

17. Compare AC and DC servo motor. BTL 4 CO 01
18. Summarize the working principle of synchros. BTL 5 CO 01
19. Examine and narrate the null position in synchro. BTL 2 CO 01
20. Generalize the concept of multi variable control system BTL 6 CO 01
 PART –B

1. (i) Write the differential equations governing the CO 01

mechanical system (7)

BTL1

(ii) Determine the transfer function for the system described (6)
in (i)
2. (i) Formulate the differential equation defining the CO 01
mechanical rotational system given below
(7)

BTL 6

(ii) Derive the transfer function for the system given above. (6)
3. Examine the given electrical network and deduce the transfer (13)
function.

BTL 2 CO 01

4. (i) Exhibit the mechanical rotational system with an CO 01

appropriate differential equations (7)

BTL 3

(ii) Interpret the transfer function of the system shown in (6)

the above section(i)
5. Illustrate the mechanical system with the Force Voltage and (13) CO 01
Force Current electrical analogous circuit.

BTL 2

6. Demonstrate the given mechanical rotational system with (13) CO 01

torque-voltage and torque-current electrical analogous circuits.

BTL 2

7. (i) State the block diagram reduction rules with example. (7) BTL2

(ii) Mention in detail about any five terminologies used in (6) CO 01

signal flow graph
8. Evaluate the transfer function C(s)/R(s) for the given system (13) CO 01

BTL 5

10. Apply Masons gain formula to determine the transfer function of (13) CO 01
the given signal flow graph

BTL 3
11. (i) The signal flow graph of the closed loop feedback (10) CO 01
system is show below, Determine the closed loop
transfer function.

BTL1

(ii) Draw the block diagram representation for the above (3)
system.
12. Interpret the transfer function by converting the block diagram (13) CO 01
into signal flow graph.

BTL 4

PART –C

1. Evaluate the transfer function of the system by reducing the (15)

given block diagram.

BTL 5 CO 01

2. Devise a torque-voltage, torque-current analogous circuit and

verify it by writing mesh and node equations.

BTL 6 CO 01

(i) Devise a torque-voltage analogous circuit verify it by (7)

writing mesh and node equations
(ii) Devise a torque-current analogous circuit verify it by (8)
writing mesh and node equations
 3. Using the mason’s gain formula formulate the gain of the (15) CO 01
following system:

BTL 6

4. Classify the DC Servomotor and explain in detail with an (15) CO 01

appropriate example. BTL1
5 Derive the transfer function of DC and AC Servomotor (15) CO 01
BTL1

UNIT II TIME REPONSE ANALYSIS

Transient response-steady state response-Measures of performance of the standard first order and second order
system-effect on an additional zero and an additional pole-steady error constant and system- type number-PID
control-Analytical design for PD,PI,PID control systems.

PART – A
BT
Q.No Questions CO NO
Level
1. What is time response? BTL 1 CO 02
2. Name the test signals used in control system. BTL 1 CO 02
3. Interpret the importance of test signal. BTL 2 CO 02
4. Distinguish between the order and type of system BTL 4 CO 02
5. Point out the different time domain specifications. BTL 1 CO 02
6. Explain how the system is classified by applying the value of damping? BTL 3 CO 02
7. Define pole and zero of a function F(s). BTL 1 CO 02

8. Illustrate peak overshoot. BTL 2 CO 02

9. Assess the significance of rise time. BTL 5 CO 02
10. Estimate the damped frequency of oscillation for a second order system
BTL 5 CO 02
which has a damping ratio of 0.6 and natural frequency of oscillation is 10
11. Examine the impact of steady state error in a control system. BTL 4 CO 02
12. A unity feedback
10 system has an open loop transfer function of CO 02
G(𝑠) = .
Formulate the steady state error for unit step input. BTL 6
(𝑠+1)(𝑠+2)
13. Exhibit the damped frequency of oscillation in a control system. BTL 3 CO 02
14. Solve for the type and order of the system CO 02
( 𝑠 + 4)
𝐺( 𝑠) 𝐻 ( 𝑠) = BTL 6
(𝑠 − 2)(𝑠 + 0.25)

15. How did the type number of a system is identified? Mention its
BTL 1 CO 02
significance.
16. Enumerate the advantage and drawback of integral control action. BTL 4 CO 02
17. Express the transfer functions of PI and PID controllers. BTL 2 CO 02
18. Why derivative controller is not used separately in control applications? BTL 2 CO 02
19. Deduce the effect of PI controller on system performance. BTL 3 CO 02
20. Write the relation between generalized and static error coefficients. BTL 1 CO 02

PART –B

1. Analyze the response of a closed loop first order system for a unit (13)
BTL 4 CO 02
step input.
2. (i) (3) CO 02
Name the various standard test signals?
CO 02
(ii) Draw the characteristics diagram and obtain the (10)
mathematical representation of the test signals
3. With suitable block diagrams and equations, explain the different (13)
types of controllers employed in control systems. BTL 1 CO 02
4. Obtain the response of unity feedback system whose open loop
transfer function is G(s) = 4/[S(S+5)] and when the input is unit step. (13) BTL 1 CO 02

5. The unity feedback system is characterized by an open loop transfer CO 02

function G(s) = K/[S(S+10)].
(i) Examine the gain K , so that the system will have a damping (7)
BTL 3
ratio of 0.5 for this value of K.

(ii) Examine peak overshoot for a unit step input. (6)

6. (i) Illustrate how the type number of a control system is (7)

identified. BTL 2 CO 02
(ii) Describe about the order of the system. (6)

7. For a unity feedback control system, the open loop transfer function
 10(𝑠+2)
is (𝑠) = 𝑠2(𝑠+1)
(i) (7)
Find the position, velocity, acceleration error constants. BTL 4 CO 02
(ii) Compute the steady state error when the input is R(s) where (6)
3 2 1
(𝑠) = 𝑅(𝑠) = − +
𝑠 𝑠2 3𝑠3

8. A positional control system with velocity feedback is shown. Discuss (13) CO 02

the response of the system for unit step input

BTL 1

9 Derive the expression for Kp,Kv, and Ka for Type 0,1 and 2 (13)
systems when the input is unit step, ramp and parabola. BTL 2 CO 02

10 (i) The open loop transfer function of a servo system with (9)
10
unity feedback is 𝐺(𝑠) = .
𝑠(0.1𝑠+1)

Determine the static error constants of the system. BTL 2 CO 02

(ii) Discuss the effect on an additional zero and an additional (4)

pole on a system.

PART - C
1. A unity feedback system has the forward transfer function (15)
𝐾(2𝑠 + 1)
𝐺(𝑠) =
𝑠(5𝑠 + 1)(1 + 𝑠)2
BTL 5 CO 02

When the input is r(t) = 1+6t, Evaluate the minimum value of K so

that the steady state error is less than 0.1
2. Measurements conducted on a servo mechanism show that the
system response to be C(𝑡) = 1 + 0.2𝑒−60𝑡− 1.2𝑒−10𝑡when subjected to
a unit step input. BTL 6 CO 02
(i) Obtain an expression for closed loop transfer function (8)
(ii) Compute the undamped natural frequency and damping ratio (7)
3. Consider a unity feedback system with a closed loop transfer (15)
C(s)/R(s) = (Ks+b)/(s2 + as + b). Determine the open loop transfer
function G(s). Show that steady state error with unit ramp input is BTL 6 CO 02
given by (a-k)/b
4. Generalize the effects of P, PI and PID controllers on the system (15) BTL 5 CO 02
dynamics.
5 Summarize the response of undamped second order system for unit (15)
BTL 5 CO 02
step input.

UNIT III FREQUENCY RESPONSE AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Closed loop frequency response-Performance specification in frequency domain-Frequency response of

standard second order system - Bode Plot - Polar Plot - Nyquist plots-Design of compensators using Bode
plots-Cascade lead compensation-Cascade lag compensation-Cascade lag - lead compensation
PART - A
BT
Q.No. Questions CO NO
Level
1. Derive the transfer function of a lead compensator network. BTL 6 CO 03
2. Define Phase margin & gain margin. BTL 2 CO 03
3. Illustrate the need for compensation. BTL 3 CO 03
4. What is meant by frequency response? BTL 1 CO 03
5. Describe Lag-Lead compensation. BTL 2 CO 03
6. Evaluate the shape of polar plot for the open loop transfer function BTL 5 CO 03
G(s)H(s) =1/(s(1+Ts))
7. Why frequency domain analysis is needed? BTL 1 CO 03
8. List the advantages of Frequency Response Analysis. BTL 2 CO 03

9. Write about gain crossover Frequency. BTL 1 CO 03

10. State the significance of Nichol’s plot. BTL 2 CO 03
11. Demonstrate the correlation between time and frequency response. BTL 3 CO 03
12. Explain compensators and list types of compensators. BTL 4 CO 03
13. Formulate the transfer function of a lead compensator network. BTL 6 CO 03
14. Summarize about minimum phase system? BTL 1 CO 03
15. Discuss about the corner frequency in frequency response analysis? BTL 2 CO 03
16. Draw the circuit of lead compensator and draw its pole zero diagram. BTL 1 CO 03
17. Frame the specifications required for frequency domain analysis? BTL 3 CO 03
18. Compare series compensator and feedback compensator BTL 4 CO 03
19. Determine the phase angle of the given transfer function BTL 5 CO 03

G(s)=10/[s(1+0.4 s)(1+ 0.1s )]

20. Analyze the correlation between the time and frequency response. BTL 4 CO 03
 PART –B

1. (i) Enumerate the procedure for magnitude plot of Bode plot. (7)
(ii) Find out the procedure for phase plot of bode plot. (6) BTL 1 CO 03

2. (i) Calculate the system gain K by sketching the magnitude CO 03

plot of Bode plot for the transfer function
BTL 3
G(S) = KS2/[(1+0.2S) (1+0.02S)] with gain cross over (7)
frequency of 5rad/sec.
(ii) Obtain the Phase plot for the above transfer function. (6)
3. Sketch the bode plot for the transfer function (13) CO 03
G(S) = 75(1+0.2S)/[S(S2+16S+100)] and determine phase BTL 2
margin and gain margin.
4. Analyze the bode plot for the function given by (13)
BTL 4 CO 03
G(S) =5(1+2S)/[(1+4S)(1+0.25S)].
5. Obtain the polar plot for the following systems CO 03
(i)Type - 0, Order - 3 (7) BTL 2
(ii) Type - 2, Order - 4 (6)
6. (i) Evaluate open loop transfer function of a unity feedback (9)
system given by G(S) = 1/[S(1+S)(1+2S)]. Sketch the
BTL 5 CO 03
polar plot.
(ii) Evaluate the gain and phase margin for the above system. (4)
7. (i) Report on the polar plot of an open loop transfer function (9)
of a unity feedback system given by
2
G(S) =1/[S (1+S)(1+2S)]. Sketch the polar plot . BTL 2 CO 03
(ii) Determine the gain and phase margin for the above system. (4)

8. Interpret the phase margin by sketching the polar plot of a unity (13)
feedback system given by G(S)=(1+0.2S)(1+0.025S)/[S2 BTL 3 CO 03
(1+0.005S) (1+0.001S)]
9. Explain the need for compensator and give its types with circuit (13)
BTL 1 CO 03
details.
10. Write down the procedure for designing lag compensator using (13)
BTL 1 CO 03
bode plot.
11. Construct a suitable lag compensator so that phase margin is 40o (13) CO 03
and the steady state error for ramp input is less than or equal to
BTL 6
0.2 for a unity feedback system having an open loop transfer
function of G(S) = K/[S (1+2S)].

PART –C
 1. Determine the gain margin equal to 2dB and phase margin equal (15)
BTL 5 CO 03
to 45o for G(S)= Ke-0.2S/[S(S+2)(S+8)].
2. (i) Consider a unity feedback system having an open loop (11)
transfer function G(S) = K/[S(1+0.2S)(1+0.05S)].
Evaluate the Value of K by polar plot for gain
BTL 5 CO 03
margin=18dB and phase margin is 600.
(ii) For the gain value of K=10, find the gain margin and phase (4)
margin for the above system.
3. Examine a lag-lead compensator to meet velocity error constant (13)
o
of 80 and phase margin γ ≥ 35 for a unity feedback system whose BTL 4 CO 03
transfer function is G(S) = K/[S (S+3) (S+6)].

4. Design a lead compensator for a unity feedback system with open (15)
BTL 6
loop transfer function, G(S) = K/[S(S+1)(S+5)] to satisfy velocity CO 03
error constant ≥ 50 and phase margin ≥ 20o.
5 Write down the procedure for designing lead compensator using (13)
BTL 1 CO 03
bode plot.

UNIT IV CONCEPTS OF STABILITY ANALYSIS

Concept of stability-Bounded - Input Bounded- Output stability-Routh stability criterion-Relative stability -

Root locus concept-Guidelines for sketching root locus - Nyquist stability criterion.
PART – A

Q.N BT
Questions CO NO
o Level
1. What is characteristic equation? BTL 1 CO 04
2. Quote BIBO stability criterion. BTL 2 CO 04
3. State Routh’s criterion for stability. BTL 1 CO 04
4. Write the necessary and sufficient condition for stability. BTL 6 CO 04
5. List the advantages of Routh Hurwitz stability criterion? BTL 1 CO 04
6. Give any two limitations of Routh stability criterion. BTL 2 CO 04
7. Find the range of K for stability of a closed loop system with BTL 5 CO 04
characteristic equations S4+8S3+36S2+80S+K=0 using Routh stability
criterion.

8. Point out the main objective of root locus analysis technique. BTL 4 CO 04
9. Interpret the relationship between roots of characteristic equation and BTL 3 CO 04
stability.

10. Identify the meaning of relative stability. BTL 1 CO 04

11. Examine dominant pole location in s-plane and its significance. BTL 4 CO 04
12. Evaluate the effects of adding a zero to a system? BTL 5 CO 04
13. How centroid of the asymptotes found in root locus technique? BTL 4 CO 04

14. How will you find root locus on real axis? BTL 4 CO 04
15. Illustrate the effects of adding open loop poles and zeros on the nature of BTL 3 CO 04
the root locus and on system?
16. Predict about the stability of the system when the roots of the BTL 2 CO 04
characteristic equation are lying on imaginary axis?
17. Is addition of a pole will make a system more stable? Justify your answer. BTL 2 CO 04

18. State Nyquist stability criterion. BTL 1 CO 04

19. The Nyquist plot of G (jω)H(jω) for a closed loop control system, passes BTL 3 CO 04
through (-1,j0) point in the GH plane. What is the gain margin of the
system in dB?

20. Formulate the advantages of Nyquist stability criterion over that of Routh BTL 6 CO 04
criterion.

PART –B

1. Explain stability and the steps to be followed for Routh-Hurwitz (13)

BTL 1 CO 04
criterion.
2. Consider the sixth order system with the characteristic equation (13) CO 04
S6+2S5+8S4+12S3+20S2+16S+16 = 0. Use Routh-Hurwitz criterion to
BTL 4
examine the stability of the system and comment on location of the
roots
of the characteristics equation.
3. Apply Routh array and determine the stability of the system represented (13)
BTL 3 CO 04
by the characteristic equation,S5+S4+2S3+2S2+3S+5= 0. Comment on
the location of characteristic equation.
4. (i) Evaluate the stability of the system by using Routh stability (9)
criterion for the equation 9S5-20S4+10S3-S2-9S-10 = 0.
BTL 5 CO 04
(ii) (4)
Identify the location of the roots and comment.
5. Determine the location of roots on S- Plane and stability for the (13)
BTL 4 CO 04
polynomial S7+9S6+24S5+24S4+24S3+24S2+23S+15=0

6. Examine the range of K for the stability of unity feedback system whose (13)
BTL 4 CO 04
open loop transfer function is G(S) = K/[S (S+1) (S+2)].
7. A feedback system has open loop transfer function of (13)
BTL 3 CO 04
G(S) = Ke-S/[S(S2+5S+9)].
8. (i) Describe the concept of encircled and enclosed used to apply CO 04
Nyquist criterion. (4)
(ii) Summarize on the relationship between the enclosure of poles and (9) BTL 1
zeros by the S plane closed contour and number of encirclements
of the origin of F(S) plane.
9 (i) Construct the Nyquist plot for a system whose open loop transfer (10)
function is given by G(S) H(S) = K(1+S)2/S3. BTL 6 CO 04
(ii) Find the range of K for stability. (3)

10. Discuss briefly about the steps to be followed to construct a root locus
plot of a given transfer function. (13) BTL 2 CO 04

11 (i) Identify the root locus of a unity feedback system having transfer (10) CO 04
function G(S) = K/[S(S2+4S+13)]. BTL 2
(ii) Find the range of K for which the system is stable. (3)
12 Sketch the root locus of the system whose open loop transfer function is (13)
G(s)=K/[S (S+2) (S+4)]. Find the value of K so that damping ratio of the BTL 1 CO 04
closed loop system is 0.5.
PART - C
1. (i) The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system is (8)
given by G(S) = K/ (S+2) (S+4) (S 2+6S+25). By applying the
Routh criterion, discuss the stability of the closed loop system as
a function of K.
BTL 5 CO 04
(ii) Determine the value of K of the open loop transfer function (7)
given by G(S) = K/(S+1) (S+5) (S2+6S+25), which will cause
sustained oscillations in the closed loop system. Find out the
corresponding oscillating frequencies.
2. Determine the range of K for which closed loop system is stable for the (15)
open loop transfer function G(S) H(S)=K/[S(S+2)/(S+10)] by drawing BTL 5 CO 04
the Nyquist plot.
3. (i) Formulate the stability of closed loop system by Nyquist stability (11)
BTL 6
criterion, whose open loop transfer function is given by, G(S) CO 04
H(S)=(S+2)/(S+1)(S-1).
 (ii) Comment on the stability of the open loop and closed loop system (4) BTL6 CO 04
for the above mentioned open loop transfer function.
4. (i) Construct the root locus of a unity feedback system whose open (12)
BTL 6
loop transfer is G(S) H(S)= K(S+1.5)/[S(S+1)(S+5)]. CO 04
(ii) Formulate the range of K for the system to be stable. (3)

5 The open loop transfer function of a unity feedback system (13)

BTL 1 CO 04
G(S) = K(S+9)/ [S(S2+4S+11)], sketch the root locus of the system.

UNIT V CONTROL SYSTEM ANALYSIS USING STATE VARIABLE METHODS

State variable representation-Conversion of state variable models to transfer functions-Conversion of transfer
functions to state variable models - Solution of state equations-Concepts of Controllability and
Observability-Stability of linear systems-Equivalence between transfer function and state variable representations-
State variable analysis of digital control system-Digital control design using state feedback.

PART A
Q. Questions BT CO NO
No Level
1. Write the state model of nth order system BTL3 CO 05
2. Analyze the basic elements used to construct the state diagram? BTL 4 CO 05
3. Draw the block diagram representation of state model. BTL 2 CO 05
4. Mention the advantages of state space analysis? BTL3 CO 05
5. List down the draw backs in transfer function model analysis? BTL 4 CO 05
6. Illustrate the state model using the signal flow graph? BTL 2 CO 05
7. Define state and state variable BTL 1 CO 05
8. Discuss about state vector? BTL 1 CO 05
How will you analyze the controllability and observability of a BTL 4 CO 05
9.
system using kalman’s Test?
10. Describe about state space? BTL 1 CO 05
Summarize the disadvantages in choosing phase variable for BTL 2 CO 05
11.
state space modeling?
12. Outline the properties of state transition matrix? BTL 2 CO 05
13. State the solution of homogenous state equation BTL 1 CO 05
14. What do you meant by controllability? BTL 1 CO 05
15. Identify the difference between transfer function and state space BTL3 CO 05
system
Point out the state equation and output equation of the state BTL 1 CO 05
16.
model.
 Develop the advantages and disadvantages in canonical form of BTL 6 CO 05
17.
state model
18. Formulate the block diagram of the state model of a discrete BTL 6 CO 05
time system
19. Deduce the state model of nth order discrete time system BTL 5 CO 05
Evaluate the state model of a discrete time system using signal BTL 5 CO 05
20.
flow graph

PART – B
1. (i) For the given mechanical system, write the differential (7) BTL 2 CO 05
equations governing the system.

(ii) Construct the state model of the given mechanical system (6)

2. (i) Analyze the given electrical network and write down the (7) BTL4 CO 05
differential equations governing the system.

(ii) Obtain the state model of the given electrical network by (6)
choosing minimal number of state variables
3. (i) Construct a state model for the system characterized by (7) CO 05
the differential equation
𝑑 3𝑦 𝑑 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
+ 6 2 + 11 + 6𝑦 + 𝑢 = 0
𝑑𝑡3 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 BTL 1

(ii) (6)
Give the block diagram representation of the derived state
space model
4. Obtain the state space representation of observable canonical form (13)
𝑌(𝑠) 𝑠+4
= BTL 4 CO 05
𝑈(𝑠) 𝑠2 + 5𝑠 + 2

5. Write down the state space representation of controllable (13) CO 05

canonical form
𝑌(𝑠) 10(𝑠 + 4) BTL 1
=
𝑈(𝑠) 𝑠(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 + 3)
6. Deduce the canonical state model for the given transfer function (13) BTL 2 CO 05
𝑌(𝑠) 10(𝑠 + 4)
=
𝑈(𝑠) 𝑠(𝑠 + 1)(𝑠 + 3)
7. Obtain the transfer function of the system defined by the (13) BTL 1 CO 05
following state space model
𝑥1̇ −2 1 0 𝑥1 0
[𝑥2̇ ] = [ 0 −3 1 ] [𝑥2] + [0] 𝑢
𝑥3̇ −3 −4 −5 𝑥3 1
𝑥1
𝑦 = [0 1 0] [𝑥2]
𝑥3
8. 0 1 (13)
Calculate e . If 𝐴 = [
At
]
−2 −3 BTL 4 CO 05

9. A LTI system is characterized by homogenous state equation (13) CO 05

𝑥1̇ 1 0 𝑥1
[ ]=[ ][ ]
𝑥2̇ 1 1 2
𝑥 BTL 3
Compute the solution of the homogenous equation , assuming
1
initial state vector 𝑋0 = [ ]
0
10. A state space system is described by the following state equation (13) BTL 3 CO 05
𝑥1̇ −1 0 0 𝑥1 10
[𝑥2̇ ] = [ 1 −2 0 ] [𝑥2] + [ 1 ]
𝑢
𝑥3̇ 2 1 −3 𝑥3 0
Apply a suitable method to check whether the system is
observable.
11. Conduct a suitable test to check whether the system is (13) CO 05
controllable
𝑥1̇ 0 1 0 𝑥1 0 BTL 1
[𝑥2̇ ] = [0 0 1 ] [𝑥2] + [ 0 ] 𝑢
𝑥3̇ 0 −2 −3 𝑥3 10
12. (i) Derive the expressions for Gilberts Method of Testing (8) BTL 2 CO 05
observability and controllability?
(ii) Deduce the digital control design using state feedback with (5)
necessary steps
13. For the given digital transfer function (13)
𝑌(𝑧) 4𝑧3 − 12𝑧2 + 13𝑧 − 7
=
𝑈(𝑧) (𝑧 − 1)2(𝑧 − 2) BTL 6 CO 05
Develop the state model in Jordan Canonical Form

14. The state model of a discrete time system is given by (13) BTL 5 CO 05
X(k+1) = A X(k) + B U(k)
Y(k) = C X(k) + D U(k)
Determine its transfer function.
 PART - C
1. Elaborate whether the system is completely BTL6 CO 05
(i) Controllable (8)
(ii) Observable (7)
𝑥1̇ 0 0 1 𝑥1 0
[𝑥2̇ ] = [−2 −3 0 ] [𝑥2] + [2] 𝑢
𝑥3̇ 0 2 −3 𝑥3 0
𝑥1
𝑦 = [1 0 0] [𝑥2]
𝑥3
2. A LTI system is characterized by Non homogenous state equation (15) BTL 5 CO 05
𝑥1̇ 0 1 𝑥1 0
[ ]=[ ][ ]+[ ]𝑢
𝑥2 ̇ −2 −3 𝑥
2 1

Compute the solution of the Non homogenous equation ,

1
assuming initial state vector 𝑋0 = [ ]
0
3. (i) Determine the canonical state model of the systems whose (11)
transfer function is 2(s+5)/[(s+2)(s+3)(s+4)].
BTL 6 CO 05
At
(ii) Formulate e for the above transfer function. (4)
4. A Discrete time system is described by the difference equation (15) BTL 5 CO 05
y(k+2) +5y(k+1) +6y(k) = u(k)
y(0) = y(1) = 0; T = 1 Sec
Determine a state model in canonical form.