Killara Student Number:

High School

2024 Higher School Certificate Trial

Mathematics Extension 2

• Reading time - 10 minutes

General
Instructions • Working time - 180 minutes

• Write using black pen

• Calculators approved by NESA may be used

• A reference sheet is provided

• For questions in Section II, show mathematical reasoning and/or

calculations

Section I – 10 marks (Pages 1–6)

Total Marks:
100
• Attempt Questions 1–10

• Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Section II – 90 marks (Pages 7–13)

• Attempt Questions 11–16

• Allow about 165 minutes for this section

Section I
10 marks
Attempt Questions 1–10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section.

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1–10.

1. From the statements given below, select the TRUE statement. 1

A. y = sin x ⇐⇒ x = sin−1 y

B. A2 = B 2 =⇒ A = B
p
C. ∃ x, y ∈ R : x2 + y 2 = x + y

D. (A ∩ B) ∪ C = A ∩ (B ∪ C)

2. The contrapositive of the the statement “All counters in this box are blue” is best 1
given by:

A. No counters in this box are blue.

B. All counters in this box are not blue.

C. No counters that are not blue are in this box.

D. All counters that are not blue are not in this box.

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3. A shaded region on the complex plane is shown below. 1

Im (z)

\
i
\

4i
3i \
\

2i
i
\
\
Re (z)
−1 1 2 3 4 5
−i

Which relation best describes the region shaded on the complex plane.

A. |z + i| > |z − 3|

B. |z + i| < |z − 3|

C. |z − i| > |z + 3|

D. |z − i| < |z + 3|

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4. The right-angled triangle shown has sides represented by the vectors a, b and c. 1
˜ ˜ ˜

a
˜ c
˜

θ
b
˜

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A. b · (a − c) = |b|2
˜ ˜ ˜ ˜
B. b · (a − c) = |b||c|
˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜
C. a · b = |a||b| cos (θ)
˜ ˜ ˜ ˜
D. a · c = |a||c| sin (θ)
˜ ˜ ˜ ˜

Z √
5. Which of the following is equivalent to x5 1 − x2 dx? 1
Z
A. cos5 x sin xdx
Z
B. cos5 x sin2 xdx
Z
C. sin5 x − sin7 xdx
Z
D. sin6 x − sin7 xdx

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6. A particle is moving in simple harmonic motion. A new force is applied that halves the 1
period without changing the amplitude. What affect does this have on the magnitude
of the velocity?

A. It remains unchanged.

B. It halves.

C. It doubles.

D. It quadruples.

7. Which of the following is always true for non-zero complex nunmbers z1 , z2 ? 1

 
z1
A. Arg = Arg(z1 ) − Arg(z2 ), where Arg (z) is the primary argument.
z2
B. Arg(z1 z2 ) = Arg(z1 ) + Arg(z2 ) where Arg(z) is the primary argument.
z1 r1
C. z1 = r1 eiθ1 , z2 = r2 eiθ2 ⇒ = e(θ1 −θ2 −2π)i
z2 r2
 
−1 y1 + y2
D. z1 = x1 + iy1 , z2 = x2 + iy2 ⇒ Arg(z1 + z2 ) = tan
x1 + x2

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8. A local politician spoke at the opening of a new school, saying, “If young people have 1
access to good schools then they will become valued members of society!”

Taking the converse and then contrapositive of this statement, you would get:

A. If young people do not have access to good schools then they will not
become valued members of society.

B. If young people do not become valued members of society then they did
not have access to good schools.

C. If young people become valued members of society then they had access to
good schools.

D. If young people do not have access to good schools then they will become
valued members of society.

9. Which of the following has the largest value? 1

Z 2
x2 − 4 sin8 xdx


A.
0
Z 2π
B. (2 + cos x)3 dx
0
Z 2π
C. sin4 xdx
0
Z 8π
108 sin3 x − 1 dx


D.
0

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 a
10. A curve follows a hyperbolic spiral such that r = in the xy plane and wraps around 1
θ
the z axis anticlockwise exactly three times for z ∈ [1, 4]. We are given that the point
P (1, 0, 1) lies on the curve.

z
4

2
y
−2 2
x
−2 2

Which of the following best describes the curve?

 
sin 2πt cos 2πt
A. , ,t
t t
 
sin 4πt cos 4πt
B. , ,t
t t
 
cos 4πt sin 4πt
C. , ,t
t t
 
cos 4πt sin 4πt
D. , , 2t
2t 2t

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Section II
90 marks
Attempt Questions 11–16
Allow about 165 minutes for this section.
Answer each question in the appropriate writing booklet.
All necessary working should be shown in every question.

Question 11 (15 Marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

1+i
(a) Express √ in the form a + ib. 2
3−i

Z
(b) Find sec7 x tan xdx. 2

π
(c) Let w = 2ei 3 .

(i) Write w4 in the form a + ib, where a, b ∈ R. 2

(ii) Find the smallest integer k > 4 such that wk is a real number. 1

(d) Find the vector equation of the line through the point A(6, −5, 1) perpendicular to, 2
and intersecting, the vector equation a = λ(−3, 2, −2).
˜

 
x
(e) By using the substitution t = tan find: 3
2

Z
1
dx.
cos x − 2 sin x + 3

(f) Find the solutions to z 2 − 8z + 25 = 0 where z is a complex number. 1

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(g) A mass is attached to a spring. It is pulled down and then released, after which it 2
√
begins oscillating in simple harmonic motion. Initially the mass has a height of 2 5
√
cm above the ground before being released and it reaches its highest point 4 5 cm
π
after seconds.
6
Find an equation for the height above the ground y in terms of t.

End of Question 11

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Question 12 (16 Marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a) (i) If a, b, c > 0, prove that: 2

a2 + b2 + c2 ⩾ bc + ca + ab

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, prove that: 2

2 a3 + b3 + c3 ⩾ bc(b + c) + ca(c + a) + ab(a + b)

√
(b) Prove that 15 is irrational. 3

(c) At times t, the position vectors of two points, P and Q, are given by: 3

p = 2ti + (3t2 − 4t)j + t3 k

˜
q = t3 i − 2tj + (2t2 − 1)k
˜

Find the velocity and acceleration of Q relative to P when t = 3.

Z
(d) Find ln (x2 − 1)dx. 3

(e) Given that 3 − i is a root of the polynomial P (x) = 3x4 − 6x3 − 27x2 + 30x + 150,

(i) Explain why 3 + i is also a root of the polynomial. 1

(ii) Find all remaining roots of P (x). 2

End of Question 12

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Question 13 (14 Marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a) Prove or refute the following: 2

For any list of primes p1 , . . . , pn , the number (p1 p2 · · · pn ) + 1 is prime.

(b) Prove by mathematical induction that xn − y n is divisible by x + y when n is even. 3

(c) Let u = i + j + z k and v = 2i − j + 3k. 3

˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜ ˜
π
Find all z such that the angle between u and v is .
˜ ˜ 3

z−w
(d) For z, w, complex numbers lying on the unit circle, prove that is real. 3
1 − zw

(e) A particle is fired vertically upwards from the ground with an initial velocity u. It 3
˜
experiences a force from air resistance proportional to the square of it’s velocity,
|F | = 0.098mv 2 , as well as the gravitational force.

Show that:
250 100 − u2
y= loge .
49 100 − v 2

You may assume g = 9.8 ms−2 .

End of Question 13

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Question 14 (16 Marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a) Prove that, for any integer greater than one, there is only one prime factorisation. 3

(b) (i) Show by integrating both sides that 1

Z b Z b
f (x)dx = f (a + b − x)dx.
a a

1
x2
Z
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, evaluate dx. 2
−1 1 + ex

(c) Find the shortest distance between the lines →

−
r1 = (î + 2ĵ + k̂) + λ(î − ĵ + k̂) and 3
→
−
r2 = (2î − ĵ − k̂) + µ(2î + ĵ + 2k̂).

(d) If z1 and z2 are complex numbers such that |z1 − 5 + 3i| ⩽ 4 and |z2 − 5i| ⩽ 2, find 3
the maximum and minimum values of |z1 − z2 |.
Z √
(e) Find ex 10ex − e2x dx. 4

End of Question 14

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Question 15 (14 Marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a) Scientists use a pressure-sensitive device which measures depths as it sinks towards
the seabed. The device of mass 2 kg is released from rest at the ocean’s surface and
as it sinks in a vertical line, the water exerts a resistance of 4v newtons to its motion,
where vm s−1 is the velocity of the device t seconds after release.

(i) Draw a diagram showing the forces acting on the device and show that a = g−2v. 2

(ii) Find an expression for t in terms of g and v. 2

(iii) State the terminal velocity. 1

(b) Two masses of 5 kg and 2 kg are connected by a light inextensible string. The string
is placed over a pulley, such that the 5 kg mass is resting on a rough plane inclined
at 30◦ and the 2 kg mass is hanging under the pulley. The two masses are at rest
before being released.

(i) Draw the forces acting on each mass. 2

(ii) If the coefficient of friction is 0.3 find the net force on the 5 kg mass. 3
Z a
(c) For In = (a − x)n cos xdx, a > 0, n ⩾ 0,
0
(i) Show that, for n ⩾ 2, 3
In = nan−1 − n(n − 1)In−2
Z π  2
2 π
(ii) Hence evaluate − x cos xdx 1
0 2

End of Question 15

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Question 16 (15 Marks) Use a SEPARATE writing booklet.

(a) Let the points A1 , A2 , . . . , An represent the nth roots of unity, w1 , w2 , . . . , wn , and
suppose P represents any complex number z such that |z| = 1.

(i) Prove that w1 + w2 + · · · + wn = 0. 1

(ii) Show that |P Ai |2 = (z − wi )(z − wi ) for i = 1, 2, . . . , n. 1

Xn
(iii) Prove that |P Ai |2 = 2n. 3
i=1

(b) Let f (x) = 1 + x2 and let x1 be a real number.

For n = 1, 2, 3, . . ., define
f (xn )
xn+1 = xn − .
f ′ (xn )

[You may assume that f ′ (xn ) ̸= 0.]

(i) Show that 1

|xn+1 − xn | ⩾ 1 for n = 1, 2, 3, . . . .

(ii) Graph the function y = cot θ for 0 < θ < π. 2

(iii) Using your graph from part (ii), show that there exists a real number θn such 1
that xn = cot θn where 0 < θn < π.

(iv) Deduce that cot θn+1 = cot 2θn for n = 1, 2, 3, . . .. 2

 
2 tan θ
You may assume that tan 2θ = .
1 − tan2 θ
(v) Find all points xi such that, for some n, x1 = xn+1 . 4

END OF PAPER

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