JIMMA UNIVERSITY

JIMMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6

G MIXED USE BUILDING

A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering in

Partial fulfillment of the requirements
requirements for the Degree of Science in Civil Engineeri
Engineering
(Structural Stream) 2014/2022

BY

STRUCTUTRAL GROUP NO. Team No.3

 JIMMA UNIVERSITY
JIMMA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

STRUCTURAL STREAM

DECLARATION
We, the undersigned, declare that this project report is our work and that all sources of
materials used for the report has been duly acknowledged. It is submitted by us under
guidance of our advisor.

TEAM MEMBERS: I.D.No. Signature Date

1. HANANA KEDIR EU0089/09 ______________ _________
2. HAYAT MOHAMMED EU0026/08 _______________ _________
3. TARIKU EMIRU EU0111/09 _______________ _________

We will submit this project for evaluation with approval of our;

Advisor Signature Date

Engr. YEHAMLISHET MENBERU ____________________ ______________

APRIL, 2022
Jimma, Ethiopia
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First of all we will tank our God to give us health ability and time to do this thesis .And we
will also like to thank our advisor Eng. Yehmalshet Menberu for his willing and action to
help us through different way such as consulting, advising and correction several problem we
face during preparation of this thesis .This thesis is not easy it need some commitment and
straggle. We thanks all of ladies and gentlemen helping; motivating giving endless
commitment especially our team met and classmate take great value .finally we great full to
all of institute to particular individuals for their positive impact to us.

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page i
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

ABSTRACT

This document is prepared in partial fulfillment for the B.Sc. degree in civil engineering. It
mainly aims on the structural analysis and design of G+6 mixed used building. It is intended
to be located in Adama town. We design the building structure starting from super structure
to sub structure by considering environmental effect which is earthquake and wind in
addition to its service load and its self weight. Both plastic and elastic analysis is employed
to analyze both irregular and regular structure. This structural design is executed based on
the Ethiopian Building Code of Standard (EBCS) 2015. This code follows the Limit State
design approach.

Limit state is a state beyond which the structure no longer satisfies the design performance
requirements. It consists of two states namely Ultimate Limit and serviceability Limit states.
Limit state design method (LSD) is adapted in the analysis incorporating with EBSC 1, 2 and
8 design aids. SAP 2000v14 is used in the frame analysis for different loading cases.

The project includes: the analysis of lateral loads due to wind and Earth quack, analysis and
design of roof slab, slab (Ribbed and solid), staircase, beam, column, shear wall, and
foundation.

The internal and external wind load analysis was carried out according to the provision of
EBCS -1- 2015 and finally wind force is calculated. Uniformly distributed live load, the
adjustment and determination of moment exclusively is based on EBCS -2- 2015.

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

TABLE OF CONTENT
DECLARATION ....................................................................................................................... 2
ACKNOWLEDGMENT............................................................................................................. i
ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................................ii
LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................vii
LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. xi
ACRONYMS ......................................................................................................................... xiii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1
1.1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 1
1.2. BACK GROUND OF PROJECT................................................................................ 2
1.3. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................... 2
1.3.1. General Objective of the project .......................................................................... 2
1.3.2. Specific Objective of the Project ......................................................................... 2
1.4. MATERIAL AND METHOD OF DESIGN ............................................................... 2
1.4.1. Material used ........................................................................................................ 2
1.4.3. Method of Design ................................................................................................ 6
1.5. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT........................................................................................ 6
CHAPTER TWO: ROOF ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ............................................................ 7
2.1. WIND ANALYSIS ON ROOF ................................................................................... 7
2.2. ANALYSIS INFORMATION .................................................................................... 7
2.3. ROOF LOADING FOR FLAT ROOF ..................................................................... 10
2.3.1. Live load ............................................................................................................ 10
2.3.2. Wind load ........................................................................................................... 10
2.4. DESIGNAND ANANLYSIS OF ROOF SLABS ..................................................... 37
2.4.1. Slab design procedure ........................................................................................ 37
2.4.2. Deflection ........................................................................................................... 37
2.4.3. Cover Design ..................................................................................................... 39
2.4.4. Rules for spacing and quantity of Reinforcement as per ES EN-2 1992-1-
1:2015 41
2.4.5. Shear .................................................................................................................. 43
2.4.6. ROOF SOLID SLAB ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ........................................... 44
CHAPTER THREE: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SLABS AND STAIRCASE .............. 79
3.1. INTRDUCTION........................................................................................................ 79
3.2. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF RIBBED SLAB ..................................................... 79

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3.2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 79

3.2.2. Hollow Block Slabs ........................................................................................... 79
3.2.3. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF FIFTH AND SIXTH FLOOR RIBBED SLAB
82
3.3. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SOLID SLAB ...................................................... 110
3.3.1. Design and analysis of fourth floor slab .......................................................... 111
3.3.2. Analysis and Design of Third floor solid slab ................................................. 145
3.3.3. Analysis and Design of Second floor solid slab .............................................. 176
3.3.4. Analysis and Design of first floor Solid slab ................................................... 210
3.2. STAIRCASE ........................................................................................................... 244
3.2.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 244
3.2.2. Structural Systems of Stairs ............................................................................. 245
3.2.3. Design of stair cases......................................................................................... 245
3.2.4. Design of Longitudinal Spacing Stair .............................................................. 246
CHAPTER FOU: LOAD TRANSFER AND LATERAL LOAD ANALYSIS .................... 260
4.1. LOAD TRANSFER TO BEAM ............................................................................. 260
4.1.1. Load Transfer from slab to Beam .................................................................... 260
4.2. LATERAL LOAD ANALYSIS ............................................................................ 281
4.2.1. Wind Load Analysis for Wall ....................................................................... 281
4.2.2. DISTRIBUTION OF WALL PRESSURE INTO FRAMES........................... 293
4.2.3. EARTH QUAKE LOAD ANALYSIS ............................................................ 298
4.3. FRAME ANALYSIS .............................................................................................. 334
CHAPTER FIVE: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BEAM.................................................. 338
5.1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................... 338
5.1.2. Concrete cover design ...................................................................................... 339
5.1.3. Rules for spacing and quantity of reinforcement as per ES EN-2 1992-1-1:2015
342
5.2. DESIGN OF BEAM FOR FLEXURE .................................................................... 343
5.2.1. The General Design Chart ............................................................................... 343
5.2.2. Method with Dimension-Bound coefficients ( − ) ..................... 344
5.2.3. Design of beam: ............................................................................................... 345
5.2.4. Check T-beam .................................................................................................. 346
5.2.5. Analysis............................................................................................................ 347
5.2.6. Sample Calculation for roof floor beam on axis X01/ or TFBb-X01: ............. 348

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

5.3. DESIGN OF BEAMS FOR SHEAR ...................................................................... 387

5.3.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 387
5.3.2. Shear Reinforcement ........................................................................................ 388
5.3.3. ES EN-2:2015 Code Provisions Design of Beams for Shear .......................... 388
5.3.4. Sample of Calculation for Shear on Axis B/ TFB-B ....................................... 394
5.3.5. Summary of shear reinforcement for roof floor beams ................................... 398
5.3.6. Summary of shear reinforcement for fourth floor beams ................................ 402
5.3.7. Summary of shear reinforcement for third floor beams................................... 407
5.3.8. Summary of shear reinforcement for second floor beams ............................... 411
5.3.9. Summary of shear reinforcement for first floor beams.................................... 416
5.3.10. Summary of shear reinforcement for ground floor beams ........................... 421
CHAPTER-SIX: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF COLUMN .............................................. 426
6.1. INTRUDUCTION................................................................................................... 426
6.1.1. Effective Length of the column ....................................................................... 427
6.1.2. Slenderness ratio of a column According to ES EN-2, 1992-1-1:2015 ........... 427
6.1.3. Limiting slenderness ratio-short or slender columns ....................................... 429
6.1.4. Reinforcement in a column .............................................................................. 430
6.2. ACCORDING TO ES EN-2, 1992-1-1:2015 SPECIFICATION READING
COLUMN........................................................................................................................... 431
6.2.1. Cover ................................................................................................................ 431
6.2.2. Minimum Eccentricity ..................................................................................... 431
6.2.3. Longitudinal Reinforcement: ........................................................................... 431
6.2.4. Transvers or Lateral reinforcement:................................................................. 432
6.2.5. Design of Columns for Uniaxial Bending ....................................................... 432
6.2.6. Design of slender columns ............................................................................... 433
6.2.7. Design of column under Bi-axial bending ....................................................... 436
6.3. SAMPLE OF CALCULATION FOR COLUMN .................................................. 438
6.3.1. Roof column: column 1A................................................................................. 438
6.3.2. Effective height ................................................................................................ 456
6.3.3. Slenderness ratio .............................................................................................. 464
6.4.3. Eccentricities .................................................................................................... 472
6.3.4. Total moment / design moment........................................................................ 480
6.4.4. Reinforcement .................................................................................................. 488
CHAPTER-SEVEN: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR WALL ............................... 497

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

7.1. SHEAR WALL FOR LIFT HOUSE ....................................................................... 498

7.1.1. Load Determination ......................................................................................... 499
7.1.2. Determination of Vertical Loads ..................................................................... 499
7.1.3. Analysis of Slab ............................................................................................... 501
7.1.4. Load transfer to the walls ................................................................................. 503
7.1.5. Design of individual wall section .................................................................... 504
CHAPTER-EIGHT: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF FOUNDATION ............................... 509
8.1. INTRUDUCTION................................................................................................... 509
8.1.1. Selection of Foundation Type .......................................................................... 509
8.1.2. Proportioning of a footing ................................................................................ 510
8.1.3. Punching Shear Calculation ............................................................................. 511
8.1.4. Punching resistance .......................................................................................... 513
8.2. FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT DISTRIBUTION ............................................ 514
8.2.1. Basic Anchorage Length .................................................................................. 516
8.2.2. Design Anchorage Length ............................................................................... 517
8.3. ISOLATED OR SPREAD FOOTING .................................................................... 517
8.3.1. Punching shear ................................................................................................. 517
8.3.2. Bending Moment ............................................................................................. 518
8.4. SAMPLE DESIGN OF FOUNDATION ................................................................ 520
8.4.1. Sample Design of Footing F-5 (on Axis 6-B) .................................................. 520
8.4.2. Rectangular Combined Footing (CF-1) ........................................................... 526
CHAPTER NINE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...................................... 534
9.1. CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................... 534
9.2. RECOMMENDATION .......................................................................................... 535
REFERENCS ......................................................................................................................... 536
APPEDX ................................................................................................................................ 537

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1. 1: DENSITY OF MATERIAL USED FROM EBCS 1 PART1-1, 2015 ..................... 3

TABLE 1. 2: PARTIAL SAFETY FACTORS FOR ACTIONS IN BUILDING
STRUCTURES AT ULS. ................................................................................................... 5
TABLE 1. 3: DESIGN VALUES FOR ACTIONS FOR USE IN COMBINATION WITH
OTHER ACTIONS AT ULS .............................................................................................. 5
TABLE 1. 4: RECOMMENDED VALUES OF FACTORS FOR BUILDINGS ................. 5
Table 2. 1: Summary of the external pressure coefficient value at Elevation+29.4m
15
TABLE 2. 2:EXTERNAL WIND PRESSURE IN EACH ZONE AT ELEVATION IS
+29.4M ............................................................................................................................. 15
TABLE 2. 3: INTERNAL WIND PRESSURE AT ELEVATION +29.4M ........................... 16
TABLE 2. 4: NET WIND PRESSURE AT ELEVATION IS +29.4M ................................... 17
TABLE 2. 5: NET WIND PRESSURE AT ELEVATION IS +29.4M ................................... 17
TABLE 2. 6: SUMMARY OF THE EXTERNAL PRESSURE COFFICENT VALUE AT
ELEVATION +27.6M ...................................................................................................... 21
TABLE 2. 7: EXTERNAL WIND PRESSURE IN EACH ZONE AT ELEVATION IS
+27.6M ............................................................................................................................. 22
TABLE 2. 8: INTERNAL WIND PRESSURE AT ELEVATION +28.10M ......................... 22
TABLE 2. 9: NET WIND PRESSURE AT ELEVATION IS +28.10M ................................. 23
TABLE 2. 10: NET WIND PRESSURE AT ELEVATION IS +29.4M ................................. 23
TABLE 2. 11: SUMMARY OF THE VALUE AT ELEVATION +24.08M ................. 27
TABLE 2. 12: EXTERNAL WIND PRESSURE IN EACH ZONE AT ELEVATION IS
+24.08M ........................................................................................................................... 28
TABLE 2. 13:INTERNAL WIND PRESSURE AT ELEVATION +24.08M ........................ 28
TABLE 2. 14: NET WIND PRESSURE AT ELEVATION IS +24.08M ............................... 29
TABLE 2. 15: NET WIND PRESSURE AT ELEVATION IS +24.08M ............................... 29
TABLE 2. 16: SUMMARY OF THE EXTERNAL PRESSURE COEFFICIENT VALUE AT
ELEVATION +10.0M ...................................................................................................... 33
TABLE 2. 17: EXTERNAL WIND PRESSURE IN EACH ZONE AT ELEVATION IS +
10.00 M ............................................................................................................................. 33
TABLE 2. 18: WIND PRESSURE AT ELEVATION + 10 M ............................................... 34
TABLE 2. 19: NET WIND PRESSURE AT ELEVATION IS +10 M ................................... 34
TABLE 2. 20: NET WIND PRESSURE AT ELEVATION IS +10M .................................... 35
TABLE 2. 21: AREA OF EACH ZONE ................................................................................. 36
TABLE 2. 22: NET WIND PRESSURE AT ELEVATION IS +27.6 M ................................ 36
TABLE 2. 23: NET WIND PRESSURE AT ELEVATION IS +27.6M ................................. 36
TABLE 2. 26: TYPE SLABS FOR ROOF FLOOR ............................................................... 45
TABLE 2. 27: SUMMARY OF MINIMUM EFFECTIVE DEPTH EACH PANEL FOR
ROOF SLAB .................................................................................................................... 47
TABLE 2. 28: MOMENTS FOR INDIVIDUAL SLAB PANELS ......................................... 51
TABLE 2. 29 (A): SUMMARY ROOF FLOOR REINFORCEMENTS BARS .................... 74

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Table 3. 1: Summary of Minimum effective depth each panel for sixth floor slab -------------
--------85
TABLE 3. 2: LOAD COMPUTATION OF RIBBED SLAB ................................................. 87
TABLE 3. 3: REINFORCEMENT OF RIBBED SLAB DESIGN ......................................... 97
TABLE 3. 4: THE DESIGN OF OTHER CRITICAL SECTION IS SUMMARIZED IN THE
FOLLOWING TABLE FOR HIDDEN BEAM 1 .......................................................... 100
TABLE 3. 5: THE DESIGN OF OTHER CRITICAL SECTION IS SUMMARIZED IN THE
FOLLOWING TABLE FOR HIDDEN BEAM 2 .......................................................... 109
TABLE 3. 6: THE DESIGN OF OTHER CRITICAL SECTION IS SUMMARIZED IN THE
FOLLOWING TABLE FOR HIDDEN BEAM 4 .......................................................... 110
TABLE 3. 7: TYPE SLABS FOR FOURTH FLOOR .......................................................... 112
TABLE 3. 8: SUMMARY OF MINIMUM EFFECTIVE DEPTH EACH PANEL FOR
FOURTH SLAB ............................................................................................................. 113
TABLE 3. 9: LOAD COMPUTATION OF SOLID SLAB FOR FOURTH FLOOR .......... 115
TABLE 3. 10: MOMENTS FOR INDIVIDUAL SLAB PANELS ....................................... 117
TABLE 3. 11: FINAL ADJUSTED MOMENT FOR FOURTH FLOOR SLAB ................. 135
TABLE 3. 12: SUMMARY FOURTH FLOOR REINFORCEMENTS BARS ................... 141
TABLE 3. 13: TYPE SLABS FOR THIRD FLOOR SLAB ................................................. 146
TABLE 3. 14: MINIMUM EFFECTIVE DEPTH EACH PANEL FOR THIRD FLOOR
SLAB .............................................................................................................................. 146
TABLE 3. 15: LOAD COMPUTATION OF SOLID SLAB FOR THIRD FLOOR SLAB . 148
TABLE 3. 16: MOMENTS FOR INDIVIDUAL SLAB PANELS ....................................... 149
TABLE 3. 17: FINAL ADJUSTED MOMENT FOR THIRD FLOOR SLAB .................... 168
TABLE 3. 18: SUMMARY THIRD FLOOR REINFORCEMENTS BAR.......................... 173
TABLE 3. 19: TYPE SLABS FOR SECOND FLOOR ........................................................ 177
TABLE 3. 20: SUMMARY OF MINIMUM EFFECTIVE DEPTH EACH PANEL FOR
SECOND SLAB ............................................................................................................. 179
TABLE 3. 21: LOAD COMPUTATION OF SOLID SLAB FOR SECOND FLOOR ........ 181
TABLE 3. 22: MOMENTS FOR INDIVIDUAL SLAB PANELS ....................................... 182
TABLE 3. 23: FINAL ADJUSTED MOMENT FOR SECOND FLOOR SLAB ................. 200
TABLE 3. 24: SUMMARY SECOND FLOOR REINFORCEMENTS BARS ................... 205
TABLE 3. 25: TYPE SLABS FOR FIRST FLOOR ............................................................. 211
TABLE 3. 26: SUMMARY OF MINIMUM EFFECTIVE DEPTH EACH PANEL FOR
FIRST FLOOR SLAB .................................................................................................... 213
TABLE 3. 27: LOAD COMPUTATION OF SOLID SLAB FOR FIRST FLOOR ............. 215
TABLE 3. 28: MOMENTS FOR INDIVIDUAL SLAB PANELS ....................................... 216
TABLE 3. 29: FINAL ADJUSTED MOMENT FOR FIRST FLOOR SLAB ...................... 234
TABLE 3. 30: SUMMARY FIRST FLOOR REINFORCEMENTS BARS ......................... 239

FIGURE 4. 1: LOAD TRANSFER TO BEAM .................................................................... 260

FIGURE 4. 2: ROOF FLOOR SHEAR FORCE ( ) ..................................................... 262
FIGURE 4. 3: ROOF FLOOR SUMMARY OF SHEAR FORCE ( ) ......................... 264
FIGURE 4. 4: FIRST FLOOR SHEAR FORCE ( ) ..................................................... 266
FIGURE 4. 5: SECOND FLOOR SHEAR FORCE ( ) ................................................ 271

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FIGURE 4. 6: THIRD FLOOR SHEAR FORCE ( ).................................................... 275

FIGURE 4. 7: WIND ANALYSIS ON THE LONGER WALL ........................................... 282
FIGURE 4. 8: REFERENCE HEIGHT FOR THE LONGER WALL .................................. 283
FIGURE 4. 9: WIND ANALYSIS ON THE SHORTER WALL ......................................... 287
FIGURE 4. 10: REFERENCE HEIGHT ON THE SHORTER WALL ................................ 288
FIGURE 4. 11: WIND ON THE SHORTER WALL ............................................................ 290
FIGURE 4. 12: DISTRIBUTION OF WIND LOAD TO Y AXIS ....................................... 294
FIGURE 4. 13: DISTRIBUTION OF WIND LOAD TO X AXIS ....................................... 295
FIGURE 4. 14 : SAP 2000 V14 FRAME OUTPUT ............................................................ 337

TABLE 6. 1: COLUMN 1A .................................................................................................. 438

TABLE 6. 2: ROOF COLUMN MOMENT .......................................................................... 448
TABLE 6. 3: : 6THFLOOR COLUMN .................................................................................. 449
TABLE 6. 4: 5THFLOOR COLUMN..................................................................................... 450
TABLE 6. 5: 4THFLOOR COLUMN.................................................................................... 451
TABLE 6. 6: 3RD FLOOR COLUMN ................................................................................... 452
TABLE 6. 7: 2ND FLOOR COLUMN ................................................................................. 453
TABLE 6. 8: 1ST FLOOR COLUMN ................................................................................... 454
TABLE 6. 9: FOUNDATION COLUMN ............................................................................. 455
TABLE 6. 10: ROOF COLUMNS ........................................................................................ 456
TABLE 6. 11: 6TH COLUMNS ............................................................................................. 457
TABLE 6. 12: 5TH FLOOR COLUMNS ............................................................................... 458
TABLE 6. 13: 4TH FLOOR COLUMNS ............................................................................... 459
TABLE 6. 14: 3RD FLOOR COLUMNS .............................................................................. 460
TABLE 6. 15:2NDFLOOR COLUMNS ................................................................................. 461
TABLE 6. 16: 1ST FLOOR COLUMNS ................................................................................ 462
TABLE 6. 17: FOUNDATION COLUMNS ......................................................................... 463
TABLE 6. 18: ROOF COLUMNS ........................................................................................ 464
TABLE 6. 19: 6TH COLUMNS ............................................................................................. 465
TABLE 6. 20: 5THFLOOR COLUMNS............................................................................... 466
TABLE 6. 21: 4TH FLOOR COLUMNS ............................................................................... 467
TABLE 6. 22: 3RD FLOOR COLUMNS ............................................................................... 468
TABLE 6. 23: 2ND FLOOR COLUMNS ............................................................................... 469
TABLE 6. 24: 1ST FLOOR COLUMNS ............................................................................... 470
TABLE 6. 25: FOUNDATION COLUMNS ......................................................................... 471
TABLE 6. 26: ROOF COLUMNS ........................................................................................ 472
TABLE 6. 27: 6TH FLOOR COLUMN.................................................................................. 473
TABLE 6. 28: 5TH FLOOR COLUMN.................................................................................. 474
TABLE 6. 29: 4TH FLOOR COLUMNS ............................................................................... 475
TABLE 6. 30: 3RD FLOOR COLUMNS ............................................................................. 476
TABLE 6. 31: 2ND FLOOR COLUMNS ............................................................................. 477
TABLE 6. 32: 1ST FLOOR COLUMNS ................................................................................ 478
TABLE 6. 33: FOUNDATION COLUMN ........................................................................... 479
TABLE 6. 34: ROOF COLUMNS ........................................................................................ 480

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TABLE 6. 35: 6TH COLUMNS .............................................................................................. 481

TABLE 6. 36: 5THCOLUMNS .............................................................................................. 482
TABLE 6. 37: 4THCOLUMNS .............................................................................................. 483
TABLE 6. 38: 3RD COLUMNS.............................................................................................. 484
TABLE 6. 39: 2ND COLUMNS ............................................................................................. 485
TABLE 6. 40: 1ST COLUMNS .............................................................................................. 486
TABLE 6. 41: FOUNDATION COLUMNS ......................................................................... 487
TABLE 6. 42: ROOF COLUMNS ........................................................................................ 489
TABLE 6. 43: 6TH FLOOR COLUMN.................................................................................. 490
TABLE 6. 44: 5TH FLOOR COLUMNS ............................................................................... 491
TABLE 6. 45: 4TH FLOOR COLUMNS ............................................................................... 492
TABLE 6. 46: 3RD FLOOR COLUMNS .............................................................................. 493
TABLE 6. 47: 2ND FLOOR COLUMN................................................................................. 494
TABLE 6. 48: 1ST FLOOR COLUMN .................................................................................. 495
TABLE 6. 49: FOUNDATION COLUMNS ......................................................................... 496

TABLE 7. 1: DAN TECHNO CRAFT TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION............................ 499

TABLE 7. 2: REINFORCEMENT FOR THE SPAN ........................................................... 503
TABLE 7. 3: AREA OF SHEAR WALL .............................................................................. 503
TABLE 7. 4: : LOAD TRANSFER TO SHEAR WALL ...................................................... 504

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 2. 1: FLAT ROOF EQUIVALENT TO FULL WORKING DRAWING BUILDING .......... 8

FIGURE 2. 2: KEY FOR FLAT ROOFS ........................................................................................... 9
FIGURE 2. 3: LAYOUT OF FLAT ROOF AT DIFFERENT ELEVATION.................................... 10
FIGURE 2. 4: TYPES OF ROOF IS FLAT ROOFS AT ELEVATION +29.4M .............................. 13
FIGURE 2. 5: TYPES OF ROOF IS FLAT ROOFS AT ELEVATION +27.6 M ............................. 18
FIGURE 2. 7: ROOF FLOOR SLAB LAY OUT ............................................................................. 44
FIGURE 2. 8: NOTATION FOR CRITICAL MOMENTS .............................................................. 49
FIGURE 2. 9: DISTRIBUTION OF SLAB INTO MIDDLE AND EDGE STRIPS .......................... 50
FIGURE 2. 10: ROOF SLAB MOMENT (KN.M) ........................................................................... 66
FIGURE 2. 11: FINIAL ADJUSTED MOMENT FOR ROOF SLAB (KN.M) ................................. 69
Figure 3. 1: Minimum dimensions required 80
FIGURE 3. 2: CROSS SECTION IN A HIDDEN BEAM 82
FIGURE 3. 3: FIFTH AND SIXTH FLOOR PLANE AND LAYOUT OF SLABS 82
FIGURE 3. 4: FIFTH AND SIXTH FLOOR RIBBED SLAB AND ARRANGEMENT THE
BLOCKS 88
FIGURE 3. 5: HIDDEN BEAM, B-1 98
FIGURE 3. 6: HIDDEN BEAM, B-2 104
FIGURE 3. 7: HIDDEN BEAM, B-3 108
FIGURE 3. 8: HIDDEN BEAM, B-4 110
FIGURE 3. 9: FOURTH FLOOR SLAB LAYOUT 111
FIGURE 3. 10: STRIP METHOD FOR FOURTH FLOOR FOR PANEL S- 3 118
FIGURE 3. 11: FOURTH FLOOR SLAB MOMENT (KN.M) 132
FIGURE 3. 12: THIRD FLOOR SLAB LAY OUT 145
FIGURE 3. 13: STRIP METHOD FOR THIRD FLOOR FOR PANEL S-3 150
FIGURE 3. 14: THIRD FLOOR SLAB MOMENT (KN.M) 165
FIGURE 3. 15: SECOND FLOOR SLAB LAY OUT 176
FIGURE 3. 16: STRIP METHOD FOR SECOND FLOOR FOR PANEL S- 3 183
FIGURE 3. 17: SECOND FLOOR SLAB MOMENT (KN.M) 197
FIGURE 3. 18: FIRST FLOOR SLAB LAY OUT 210
FIGURE 3. 19: STRIP METHOD FOR FIRST FLOOR FOR PANEL S-6 217
FIGURE 3. 20: FIRST FLOOR SLAB MOMENT (KN.M) 230
FIGURE 3. 21: DETAILS OF LANDINGS AND FLIGHTS FOR A STAIR CASE 244
FIGURE 3. 22: GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF THE STAIRS 245
FIGURE 3. 23: STAIR CASE LAYOUTS 246
FIGURE 3. 24: FIRST FLIGHT /OR SECTION A-A 246
FIGURE 3. 25: DESIGN LOAD DISTRIBUTION FIRST FLIGHT 249
FIGURE 3. 26: SAP SOFTWARE OUTPUT OF MOMENT DIAGRAM AND SHEAR FORCE
DIAGRAM 250
FIGURE 3. 27: SECOND FLIGHT /OR SECTION B-B 253
FIGURE 3. 28: DESIGN LOAD DISTRIBUTION SECOND FLIGHT 254
FIGURE 3. 29: SAP SOFTWARE OUTPUT OF MOMENT DIAGRAM AND SHEAR FORCE
DIAGRAM 255
Figure 4. 1: Load Transfer to Beam 260
FIGURE 4. 2: ROOF FLOOR SHEAR FORCE ( ) 262
FIGURE 4. 3: ROOF FLOOR SUMMARY OF SHEAR FORCE ( ) 264

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FIGURE 4. 4: FIRST FLOOR SHEAR FORCE ( ) 266

FIGURE 4. 5: SECOND FLOOR SHEAR FORCE ( ) 271
FIGURE 4. 6: THIRD FLOOR SHEAR FORCE ( ) 275
FIGURE 4. 7: WIND ANALYSIS ON THE LONGER WALL 282
FIGURE 4. 8: REFERENCE HEIGHT FOR THE LONGER WALL 283
FIGURE 4. 9: WIND ANALYSIS ON THE SHORTER WALL 287
FIGURE 4. 10: REFERENCE HEIGHT ON THE SHORTER WALL 288
FIGURE 4. 11: WIND ON THE SHORTER WALL 290
FIGURE 4. 12: DISTRIBUTION OF WIND LOAD TO Y AXIS 294
FIGURE 4. 13: DISTRIBUTION OF WIND LOAD TO X AXIS 295
FIGURE 4. 14 : SAP 2000 V14 FRAME OUTPUT 337
Figure 5. 1: T-beam 346
FIGURE 5. 2: DEFINITION OF LO, FOR CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE FLANGE WIDTH 347
FIGURE 5. 3: EFFECTIVE FLANGE WIDTH PARAMETRIC 347
FIGURE 5. 5: SHEAR BETWEEN FLANGE AND WEB 393
Figure 6. 1: Column Layout 426
FIGURE 6. 2: EFFECTIVE LENGTH FACTORS FOR CENTRALLY LOADED COLUMNS WITH
VARIOUS IDEALIZED CONDITIONS 427
FIGURE 6. 3: EFFECTIVE LENGTH CALCULATIONS FOR A COLUMN IN A SYMMETRICAL
FRAME 429
FIGURE 6. 4: DESIGN BENDING MOMENTS 435
Figure 7. 1: Layout of Shear Wall------------------------------------------------------------------ 498
Figure 8. 1: Control perimeter near an opening ---------------------------------------------------------512
FIGURE 8. 2: BASIC CONTROL PERIMETERS FOR LOADED AREAS CLOSE TO OR AT
EDGE OR CORNER ............................................................................................................. 512
FIGURE 8. 3: LAYOUT OF REINFORCEMENT ........................................................................ 515
FIGURE 8. 4: FOUNDATION PLAN AND COLUMN AND FOUNDATION GROUPING ........ 520
FIGURE 8. 5: COMBINED FOOTING, CF-1 ............................................................................... 527
FIGURE 8. 6: BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM ..................................... 529

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

ACRONYMS

RC Reinforced concrete
BMD Bending moment Diagram
SF Shear force
S Soil factor
Reference peak ground acceleration
g acceleration of gravity
q Behavior factor design ground acceleration in the vertical direction
Sd (T) design spectrum
Importance factor
Mass of story, i
n number of stories above the foundation or the top of a rigid basement
Horizontal seismic force at story, i
Base shear force
H building height from the foundation or from the top of a rigid basement
Design value of a permanent action
Factor for combination value of a variable action
Factor for frequent value of a variable action
Factor for quasi permanent frequent value of a variable action
, Combination coefficient for a variable action i
k characteristic value of a uniformly distributed load, or line load
ϕ Angle of repose (degrees)
d Effective depth of a cross-section
Design value of concrete compressive strength
Characteristic compressive cylinder strength of concrete
Mean value of concrete cylinder compressive strength
Characteristic axial tensile strength of concrete
Mean value of axial tensile strength of concrete
Characteristic Yield strength of reinforcement
Design yield strength of reinforcement
Partial factor for concrete

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION

The performance goals of structural design are multifaceted. Foremost, a structure must perform
its intended function safely over its useful life. The concept of useful life implies
considerations of durability and establishes the basis for considering the cumulative
exposure to time-varying risks(i.e. corrosive environments, occupant loads, snow loads,
wind loads, and seismic loads). Given, however, that performance is inextricably linked to
cost, owners, builders, and designers must consider economic limits to the primary goals of
safety and durability.

Structural design is given a set of forces, dimension the structural elements. For steel or wood
structures is all about selecting the appropriate section, and for RC structures is all about
determining the dimension of the elements and internal reinforcement (number and sizes of
reinforcing bars).

Once the dimensional requirements for a structure have been defined, the next step is to
determine the loads the structure must support. Often, it is the anticipation of the various loads
that will be imposed on the structure that provides the basic type of structure that will be chosen
for the design. For example, high-rise buildings are subjected to large values of lateral loads
caused by wind and earth-quake (for earthquake prone areas), and so shear walls are provided in
the building.

Therefore, design of a building generally involves the design of the following elements of the
building according to their design steps:

 Design of roof
 Design of floor slabs
 Design of stair
 Design of beams and columns
 Basement slab Design
 Design of footing

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1.2. BACK GROUND OF PROJECT

The project is located in Ethiopia, Adama. Adama forms as special zone of oromia and it is
surrounded by misraq shewa zone. it is located at 8’ 32’ N 39’16’E at an elevation of 1712
meters, 99Km south east of Addis Ababa. The city sits between the base of an escarpment to the
west and the Great Rift Valley to the east. According to EBCS 1, 2015 it is categorized under
zone 4 for earthquake categorization. It is highly affected by environmental action such as
mainly wind and earthquake.

1.3. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

1.3.1. General Objective of the project

The general objective of the project is Analysis and design of G + 6 mixed used building.

1.3.2. Specific Objective of the Project

Specific objectives of this project are to:
 Determining the cross section of slab and amount of reinforcement which is required to
carry all applied loads.
 Determining the cross section of beam and amount of reinforcement which is required to
carry the applied loads due to service and self-weight and environmental action.
 Determining the cross section of column and amount of reinforcement which is safe and
economical to carry all loads.
 Modeling stair case and determining the size of riser, depth of stringer and amount of
reinforcement to give the safe passage between the floors.
 Determining dimension and amount of reinforcement for foundation which can carry load
and safely transmit to adjacent soil.

1.4. MATERIAL AND METHOD OF DESIGN

1.4.1. Material used
For Roofing
 We use steel for spiral stair case and for some toilet doors.
 Aluminum is used for hand rail and blaster. it also used for frame of curtail wall, door
and window

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 Also for handrail, bluster and other door wood is used.

 Concrete is used for Roof slab, Floor slab, Ground slab, Beam, Column, Stair case, Shear
wall and Foundation
 Concrete grade of 30⁄37 is used
 Rebar (steel bar) is used for reinforcement which is S-400
 The soil which has 15 , Φ = 35 and also we assume density of soil =
17.5 ⁄
 HCB and mortar is used for wall on axis and partition wall.
 For tiling the floor marble ceramic and PVC tile is used.

Table 1. 1: Density of material used from EBCS 1 Part1-1, 2015

Material Density( ⁄ )
Steel 77
Glass 25
Aluminum 27
Wood tid (juniper sprocera) 7.5
Concrete 24
HCB 14
Marble 27
Ceramic 26.5
PVC 5.9
Basalt 27
Mortar 23

1.4.2.1. Design specification and Material Properties

Purpose: Mixed used building of G+6 reinforced concrete solid slab and Ribbed slab .
Location – Adama
Partial safety factors – concrete, = 1.5 (ordinary loading) [EBCS-2, 2015 Table 3.1]
Steel, = 1.15
Approach: Limit state design method
Material properties:
 Concrete: 30⁄37 grade and ordinary loading condition are used
 Steel − 400 deformed bars
 Unit weight of concrete = 25 ⁄ (Normal concrete)
 = 25 ⁄ (Finishing concrete)

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 Supporting ground condition = = 15 = 35

Design constant:
 Concrete
30⁄37 ⇒ = 30
0.85 0.85 ∗ 30
= = = 17
1.5
⁄
= 0.3 < 50⁄60
⁄
⇒ = 0.3(30) = 2.9
 Reinforcement Steel
400 ⇒ = 400
400
= = = 347.83
1.15
= 200
1.4.2.2.Basic analysis
Design load

=( ℎ )×( , )

This factor should also take into account the importance of the limit state under consideration
and reflect to some extent the accuracy value which different types of loading can be predicted,
and the probability and particular load combinations occurring. Recommended values are given
on Table 1.1 and 1.2

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Table 1. 2: Partial Safety Factors for Actions in Building Structures at ULS.

,
 1.00 1.35
 0.00 1.50

Accidental  1.00 1.00

Table 1. 3: Design values for actions for use in combination with other actions at ULS
Permanent Accidental Variable actions
Design Situation actions actions Principal action All other actions
Favorable 1.0 - 0 0
Fundamental
Unfavorable 1.35 - 1.50 Qk 1.5
Accidental 1.0 1.0 1.0

Table 1. 4: Recommended values of factors for buildings

Action
Imposed loads in buildings, category (see ES EN1991-1-
1;2015)
Category A: domestic, residential areas 0.7 0.5 0.3
Category B : office areas 0.7 0.5 0.3
Category C : congregation areas 0.7 0.7 0.6
Category D : shopping areas 0.7 0.7 0.6
Category E : storage areas 1.0 0.9 0.8
Category F : traffic area, vehicle weight ≤ 30 0.7 0.7 0.6
Category G : traffic area,
0.7 0.5 0.3
30 < ℎ ℎ ≤ 160
Category H : roofs 0 0 0
Snow loads on buildings 0 0 0
Wind loads on buildings(see ES EN 1991-1-1-4:2015) 0.6 0.2 0
Temperature (non-fire) in buildings (see ES EN 1991-1-1-
0.6 0.5 0
5:2015)

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1.4.3. Method of Design

The method of the design is based on limit state concept; the structure shall be designed
to withstand safely all loads liable to act on it throughout its life. It shall also satisfy the
serviceability requirements, such as limitations on deflection and cracking. The acceptable limit
for the safety and serviceability requirements before failer occurs. The aim of design is to
achieve acceptable probabilities that the structure will not became unfit for the use for which it is
intended, that is, that it will not reach a limit state.

1.5. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

The scope of the project is to design a G+ 6 mixed used building. It includes the activities like
slab design, stair design, lateral load design, beam design, column design, shear wall design and
footing design.

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CHAPTER TWO: ROOF ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

2.1.WIND ANALYSIS ON ROOF

Wind is a moving air which in turn possesses energy and this kinetic energy should be resisted
by using appropriate deign for different kinds of structural elements like roofs ,walls.

The action of wind can be of the type of suction or pressure to our structures both externally or
internally. However these effects are more magnified for structures with more openings and large
surface areas. Therefore our focus is on the most sensitive part of the building that is the roof.

Wind load is one of the loads which should be considered in the design of a building as it has a
pressure and a suction effect on the building. Ethiopian Building Code of Standards, EBCS has
set procedures that have to be followed in the calculation of wind loads on buildings. We have
followed these procedures in order to analyze different parts of the building. Wind load analysis
is done for both the roof and the building itself. This part of the report only covers the wind load
analysis of roof.

Even though there are two methods for wind load analysis ,namely Quasi static method and
dynamic analysis we prefer Quasi static since our structure is assumed to be less susceptible to
dynamic excitation and from EBCS-1,2015 a building which satisfies the criterion:

(For < 1.2 and building height less than 200m) can be analyzed using quasi static method of
analysis.

2.2. ANALYSIS INFORMATION

The building under consideration has the following properties:

 Height of the building = 29.4
 Terrain category: Building is located in Adams town. Adama is category IV based on
terrain category as set in EBCS-1 (EBCS EN 1991-1-4 2015-Part1.4 Table 4.1).
 According toEBCS-1(EBCS EN 1991-1-4 2015-Part1.4 Table 4.1). Adama can be
considered as a sub urban area and therefore the terrain category falls as category IV

The variables for terrain category-IV are:

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 Minimum height ( ) = 10
 Roughness length ( )=1
 Its air density depend of the altitude, National Annex recommended value( ) =
1.25 ⁄ .
The types of roofs we used are:-flat roof
Wind analysis for at different elevation flat roof shown figure 2.1.

Figure 2. 1: Flat roof equivalent to full working drawing building

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Figure 2. 2: Key for flat roofs

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2.3.ROOF LOADING FOR FLAT ROOF

2.3.1. Live load
Roof category (EBCS-1 Part 1.1, 2015 TABLE 6.9 and 6.10)

 Roof not accessible except for normal maintenance, repair, painting & minor repairs are
under category H (See EBCS -1 Part 1.1,2015 Table 6.9)
 Imposed load on roof for slope category H (See EBCS-1 Part 1.1, 2015 Table 6.10)
Roof is Distributed live load = 0.40 ⁄
Concentrated live load = 1.0

Figure 2. 3: Layout of flat roof at different elevation

2.3.2. Wind load

Analysis and Design of flat Roof, there are two types of wind pressures acting on the roof
 External wind pressure
 Internal wind pressure

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2.3.2.1.Wind load on flat roof at an elevation of 29.4 m

2.3.2.1.1. External Wind Pressure

The external wind pressure that acts on the roof is obtained using the following formula

W = q (Z ) ∗ C
Where:-
= External wind pressure
( ) = Peak velocity pressure
= External wind pressure coefficient

1) Fundamental value of the basic wind velocity for Ethiopia , = 22 ⁄

2) Basic wind velocity,

= . . ,

Where:
he direction factor to be taken as 1.0
seasonal factor to be taken as 1.0
⇒ = . . , = 1 ∗ 1 ∗ 22 ⁄ = 22 ⁄
3) Mean wind velocity

V (z ) = C (z ). C (z ) . V

Where:
 Reference height, = = ℎ = 29.4
 Terrain category: In our project, it can be considered as a sub urban area and therefore the
terrain category falls as category IV ,see EBCS-1 (EBCS EN 1991-1-4 2015-Part1.4
Table 4.1
 4.1 =1 , = 10 , , = 0.05 , = 200
 Roughness factor, ( ) :

( )= . ln ≤ ≤

( )= ( ) ≤

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Where:

 = the roughness length = 1 m

 terrain factor depending on the roughness length calculated using
.
= 0.19
,

Where:
 = the roughness length = 1 m
 , = 0.05
 terrain factor depending on the roughness length calculated using
.
= 0.19
,
. .
1
⇒ = 0.19 = 0.19 = 0.234
, 0.05
29.4
⇒ ( )= . ln = 0.234 ∗ ln = 0.791
1
 Orography factor, ( )= The site is on flat terrain

⇒ V (z ) = C (z ). C (z ) . V == 17.41 ⁄
4) Wind turbulence intensity, ( ):

( )= ≤ ≤
( ) ∗ ln
Where:
 is the turbulences factor. The value of may be given in the National Annex. The
recommended value is = 1
 is orography factor = 1
 is the roughness length = 1.0

1
⇒ ( )= .
= 0.296
1 ∗ ln
5) Peak velocity pressure , ( ):
1
( )= ∗ ∗ ( )[1 + 7 ( )] = = 0.582 ⁄
2

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2.3.2.1.2. External Pressure coefficient,

 Pressure zones (F, G, H and I) at elevation is 29.4m
= 7.330
= ⇒ = 7.33
2ℎ = 2 ∗ 29.4 = 58.8
7.33
⁄10 = = 0.733
10
7.33
⁄4 = = 1.8325
4
7.33
⁄2 = = 3.665
2
= 8.90

⁄4 = 1.8325 F

Wind

G H I b=7.33

⁄4 = 1.8325 F

e/10 2.932 5.235

e/2

Figure 2. 4: Types of roof is flat roofs at elevation +29.4m

 For flat roof height of parapet to height of the roof is required. But in this case there is
parapet wall soℎ ⁄ℎ = 0. Calculation of area of each zone is.
 Area of each zone using Figure 2.4
Zone – F = (1.8325 )(0.733 ) = 1.3451

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Zone – G = [7.33 − (2 ∗ 1.8325)] ∗ (0.733 ) = 2.686

Zone – H = 2.932 ∗ 7.33 = 21.492
Zone –I = (5.235)(7.33 ) = 38.3725
 Based on the area calculated, we calculate external pressure coefficient for each zone as
figure 2.4 area Using the formulas:
= , , ℎ ≤1
= , , ℎ ≥ 10
= , + , − , 10 , ℎ 1 < < 10
 External pressure coefficient for each zone
 Zone – F 1 < = 1.3451 < 10

= , − , − , log 10

Where: , = −2.5 , = −1.8 seeEBCS EN 1991-1-4 2015- Part1.4 Table 7.2.

.
= −2.5— (−2.5 − (−1.8)) log 10 = −2.2925

 Zone – G 1 < = 2.686 < 10

= , − , − , log 10

Where: , = −2.0 , = −1.2 seeEBCS EN 1991-1-4 :2015-

Part1.4 Table 7.2.

.
= −2.0— (−2.0 − (−1.2)) log 10 = −1.2096

 Zone – H = 21.492 > 10 → = , = −0.7,See EBCS EN

1991-1-4 :2015-Part1.4 Table 7.2.
 Zone – I = 38.3725 > 10 → = , = ±0.2, See EBCS EN
1991-1-4: 2015- Part1.4 Table 7.2.

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Table 2. 1: Summary of the external pressure coefficient value at Elevation+29.4m

Zone F G H I

Area ( ) 1.3451 2.686 21.492 38.3725

, -1.80 -1.20 -0.70 ± 0.2

, -2.50 -2.0 -1.20 ± 0.2

-2.2925 -1.2096 -0.70 ± 0.2

Table 2. 2:External Wind pressure in each zone at elevation is +29.4m

Zone ( )( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ )
F 0.582 -2.2925 -1.3342
G 0.582 -1.2096 -0.7040
H 0.582 -0.70 -0.4074
I 0.582 ± 0.2 ± 0.1164

Maximum negative, = −2.2925 and maximum positive, = 0.2

External Pressure: Negative, = −1.3342 ⁄ and Positive = 0.1164 ⁄

2.3.2.1.3. Internal wind pressure,

The wind pressure acting on internal surface of a structure can be obtained from

W = q (z ) ∗ C
Where:

q (z )is the peak velocity pressure= 0.582 ⁄

C is the pressure coefficient for the internal pressure

Used EBCS-1 part 1.4, 2015, For closed buildings with internal partitions and opening windows
the extreme values are, the internal pressure coefficient are = 0.3 = −0.2.

Internal pressure coefficient, :

Internal pressure coefficient for buildings without internal partitions is based on the value

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

∑ ℎ − 0.0
=
∑
 Opening wind direction Area
 Window = (2.0 ∗ 3.0) ∗ 2 = 12.0
 Door = (2.34 ∗ 3.73) ∗ 2 = 17.46
 Window = (1.2 ∗ 1.5) ∗ 12 = 21.60
 Door = (2.23 ∗ 2.4) ∗ 5 = 26.76
 Door = (2.23 ∗ 2.7) ∗ 5 = 30.105
 Door = 6.7 ∗ 3.8 = 25.46
= 133.385
 Leeward direction

Door = (0.95 ∗ 2.37 ) ∗ 6 = 13.51
 Parallel Side
 window = 70 ∗ 190 = (0.7 ∗ 1.9) ∗ 30 = 39.90
 Window = 150 ∗ 150 = (1.5 ∗ 1.5) ∗ 5 = 11.25
 Door= 220 ∗ 240 = (2.4 ∗ 2.23) ∗ 10 = 53.52
= .
+
=
, +

13.51 + 104.67
= = 0.886
133.385

For = 0.886 , the value of from Figure 2.15, = −0.25

Table 2. 3: Internal wind Pressure at elevation +29.4m

Zone F G H I

0.3 -0.25 0.3 -0.25 0.3 -0.25 0.3 -0.25

( ) 0.582 0.582
( ⁄ ) 0.582 0.582 0.582 0.582 0.582 0.582

0.1746 -0.1455 0.1746 -0.1455 0.1746 -0.1455 0.1746 -0.1455

( ⁄ )

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2.3.2.1.4. Net Pressure

The net wind pressure is calculated based on values calculated in above cases.

, = − = q (Z )( − ) = 0.582( − )

Case-1: for =+ .
Table 2. 4: Net wind pressure at Elevation is +29.4m

Zone F G H I
-2.2925 -1.2096 -0.70 -0.20
+0.30 +0.30 +0.30 +0.30
− -2.5925 -1.5096 -1.00 -0.500
( / ) -1.5088 -0.8786 -0.582 -0.291
Case-2: for =− .
Table 2. 5: Net wind pressure at Elevation is +29.4m

Zone F G H I
-2.2925 -1.2096 -0.70 +0.20
-0.25 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25
− -2.0425 -0.9586 -0.45 +0.450
( / ) -1.1887 -0.5585 -0.2619 +0.2619

From above two cases, the governing net wind pressures are:
( ) = −1.1887 ⁄
( ) = +0.2619 ⁄
2.3.2.2.Wind load on flat roof at an elevation of 27.6m
The layout of flat roof at an elevation of 27.6m is shown figure 2.3., b = 14.25m and d =
22.85m
 Pressure zones (F, G, H and I) at elevation is 29.4m
= 14.25
= ⇒ = 14.25
2ℎ = 2 ∗ 27.6 = 55.2
14.25
⁄10 = = 1.425
10

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14.25
⁄4 = = 3.5625
4
14.25
⁄2 = = 7.125
2
Roof elevation on 27.6m shown figure 2.5

= .

⁄4 F

Wind
.
G H I

⁄4 F

⁄
.
.
⁄2

Figure 2. 5: Types of roof is flat roofs at elevation +27.6 m

2.3.2.2.1. External Wind Pressure

The external wind pressure that acts on the roof is obtained using the following formula
W = q (Z ) ∗ C
1) Basic wind velocity, ⇒ = 22 ⁄
2) Mean wind velocity
V (z ) = C (z ). C (z ) . V
Where:
 Reference height, = = ℎ = 27.6

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 Terrain category: category IV ,see EBCS-1 (EBCS EN 1991-1-4 2015-Part1.4 Table 4.1
 Roughness factor, ( ) :

( )= . ln ≤ ≤

27.6
⇒ ( )= . ln = 0.234 ∗ ln = 0.776
1
 Orography factor, ( ) = 1 assume the site is on lat trrain

⇒ V (z ) = C (z ). C (z ) . V = 0.776 ∗ 1 ∗ 22 ⁄ = 17.08 ⁄
3) Wind turbulence intensity, ( ):

( )= ≤ ≤
( ) ∗ ln

Where:
 = 1 is the turbulences factor.
1
⇒ ( )= .
= 0.301
1 ∗ ln

4) Peak velocity pressure , ( ):

1
( )= ∗ ∗ ( )[1 + 7 ( )] = 0.567 ⁄
2
2.3.2.2.2. External Pressure coefficient,
 Pressure zones (F, G, H and I) at elevation is 27.6m

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14.35

3.5625 F

Wind

7.125 m G H I 14.25m

3.5625 F

1.425m 5.7m 7.225

7.125m

 For flat roof height of parapet to height of the roof is required. But in this case there is
parapet wall so
ℎ 28.1 − 27.6 ℎ
= = 0.018 = 0.018
ℎ 27.6 ℎ
 Calculate of Area of each zone using above Figure
Zone – F = (3.5625 )(1.425 ) = 5.077
Zone – G = [7.125 ] ∗ (1.425 ) = 10.153
Zone – H = 5.7 ∗ 14.25 = 81.225
Zone –I = (7.225 )(14.25 ) = 102.956
 Based on the area calculated, we calculate external pressure coefficient for each zone as
above figure area Using the formulas:
= , , ℎ ≤1
= , , ℎ ≥ 10
= , + , − , 10 , ℎ 1 < < 10

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 External pressure coefficient for each zone

 Zone – F 1 < = 5.077 < 10

= , − , − , log 10

Where: , = −2.128 , = −1.528 seeEBCS EN 1991-1-4

:2015-Part1.4 Table 7.2.
.
= −2.128— (−2.128 − (−1.528)) log 10 = −1.705

 Zone – G 1 < = 10.153 < 10

= , − , − , log 10

Where: , = −1.728 , = −0.964 seeEBCS EN 1991-1-

4:2015-Part1.4 Table 7.2.
.
= −1.728— (−1.728 − (−0.964)) log 10 = −0.959

 Zone – H = 81.225 > 10 → = , = −0.7, SeeEBCS EN

1991-1-4 :2015-Part1.4 Table 7.2.
 Zone – I = 102.956 > 10 → = , = ±0.2,See EBCS EN
1991-1-4: 2015-Part1.4 Table 7.2.

Table 2. 6: Summary of the external pressure cofficent value at elevation +27.6m

Zone F G H I

Area ( ) 5.077 10.153 81.225 102.956

, -1.528 -0.964 -0.70 ± 0.2

, -2.128 -1.728 -1.20 ± 0.2

-1.705 -0.959 -0.70 ± 0.2

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Table 2. 7: External Wind pressure in each zone at elevation is +27.6m

Zone ( )( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ )
F 0.567 -1.705 -0.967
G 0.567 -0.959 -0.544
H 0.567 -0.70 -0.397
I 0.567 ± 0.2 ±0.113

Maximum negative, = −1.705 and maximum positive, = 0.2

External Pressure: Negative = −0.967 ⁄ and Positive = 0.113 ⁄

2.3.2.2.3. Internal wind pressure,

The wind pressure acting on internal surface of a structure can be obtained from
W = q (z ) ∗ C
Where:
q (z )is the peak velocity pressure= 0.567 ⁄
C is the pressure coefficient for the internal pressure

Table 2. 8: Internal wind Pressure at elevation +28.10m

Zone F G H

0.3 -0.25 0.3 -0.25 0.3 -0.25 0.3 -0.25

( )
( ⁄ ) 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567 0.567

0.1701 -0.14175 0.1701 -0.1418 0.1701 -0.1418 0.1701 -0.1418

( ⁄ )

2.3.2.2.4. Net pressure

The net wind pressure is calculated based on values calculated in above cases.
, = − = 0.567 ∗ ( − )
Case-1: for =+ .

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Table 2. 9: Net wind pressure at Elevation is +28.10m

Zone F G H I

-1.705 -0.959 -0.70 -0.20

+0.30 +0.30 +0.30 +0.30
− -2.005 -1.259 -1.0 -0.5
( / ) -1.1368 -0.7139 -0.5670 -0.2835

Case-2: for =− .
Table 2. 10: Net wind pressure at Elevation is +29.4m

Zone F G H I
-1.705 -0.959 -0.70 -0.20
-0.25 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25
−
-1.455 -0.709 -0.450 0.050
( / ) -0.8250 -0.4020 -0.2552 0.0284

From above two cases, the governing net wind pressures are:

( ) = −0.8250 ⁄

( ) = +0.0284 ⁄

2.3.2.3.Wind load on flat roof at an elevation of 24.08m

The layout of flat roof at an elevation of 24.08m is shown below.

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⁄4 F

Wind

G H I

⁄4 F

⁄2

b = 9.51m
d = 17.4 m
2.3.2.3.1. External Wind Pressure
The external wind pressure that acts on the roof is obtained using the following formula

W = q (Z ) ∗ C

1) Basic wind velocity,

⇒ = 22 ⁄

2) Mean wind velocity

V (z ) = C (z ). C (z ) . V

Where:
 Reference height, = = ℎ = 24.08
 Terrain category: category IV ,see EBCS-1 (EBCS EN 1991-1-4 2015-Part1.4 Table 4.1
 4.1 =1 , = 10 , , = 0.05 , = 200

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 Roughness factor, ( ) :

( )= . ln ≤ ≤

Where:
 = the roughness length = 1 m
 terrain factor depending on the roughness length calculated using

.
= 0.19 = 0.234
,

24.08
⇒ ( )= . ln = 0.234 ∗ ln = 0.744
1
⇒ V (z ) = C (z ). C (z ) . V = 0.744 ∗ 1 ∗ 22 ⁄
= 16.38 ⁄
3) Wind turbulence intensity, ( ):

( )= ≤ ≤
( ) ∗ ln

1
⇒ ( )= .
= 0.314
1 ∗ ln

4) Peak velocity pressure , ( ):

1
( )= ∗ ∗ ( )[1 + 7 ( )] = 0.537 ⁄
2
2.3.2.3.2. External Pressure coefficient,
 Pressure zones (F, G, H and I) at elevation is 24.08m
= 9.51
= ⇒ = 9.51
2ℎ = 2 ∗ 17.4 = 34.80
9.51
⁄10 = = 0.951
10
9.51
⁄4 = = 2.3775
4
9.51
⁄2 = = 4.755
2

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17.4

2.3775 F

Wind

4.755 m G H I 9.51m

2.3775 F

0.951m 3.804 12.645

4.755m

 For flat roof height of parapet to height of the roof is required. But in this case there is

parapet wall so = 0.167

.Calculation of area of each zone is.

 Area of each zone using

Zone – F = (2.3775 )(0.951 ) = 2.261
Zone – G = [4.755 ] ∗ (0.951 ) = 4.522
Zone – H = 3.804 ∗ 9.51 = 36.176
Zone –I = (12.645 )(9.51 ) = 120.254
 Based on the area calculated, we calculate external pressure coefficient for each zone as
above figure area Using the formulas:
= , , ℎ ≤1
= , , ℎ ≥ 10

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= , + , − , 10 , ℎ 1 < < 10
 External pressure coefficient for each zone
 Zone – F 1 < = 2.261 < 10

= , − , − , log 10

Where:
, = −1.532 , = −0.932 seeEBCS EN 1991-1-4
2015-Part1.4 Table 7.2.
.
= −1.532— (−1.532 − (−0.932)) log 10 = −1.319

 Zone – G 1 < = 4.522 < 10

= , − , − , log 10

Where:
, = −1.132 , = −0.666, see EBCS EN 1991-1-4
:2015-Part1.4 Table 7.2.
.
= −1.132— (−1.132 − (−0.666)) log 10 = −0.786

 Zone – H = 36.176 > 10 → = , = −0.7, SeeEBCS EN

1991-1-4 :2015-Part1.4 Table 7.2.
 Zone – I = 120.254 > 10 → = , = ± 0.2,See EBCS EN
1991-1-4: 2015-Part1.4 Table 7.2.

Table 2. 11: Summary of the value at elevation +24.08m

Zone F G H I

Area ( ) 2.261 4.522 36.176 120.254

, -0.932 -0.666 -0.70 ± 0.2

, -1.532 -1.132 -1.20 ± 0.2

-1.319 -0.786 -0.70 ± 0.2

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Table 2. 12: External Wind pressure in each zone at elevation is +24.08m

Zone ( )( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ )
F 0.537 -1.319 -0.7083
G 0.537 -0.786 -0.4221
H 0.537 -0.70 -0.3759
I 0.537 ± 0.2 ±0.1074

Maximum negative, = −1.319 and maximum positive, = 0.2

External Pressure: Negative = −0.7083 ⁄ and Positive = 0.1074 ⁄

2.3.2.3.3. Internal wind pressure,

The wind pressure acting on internal surface of a structure can be obtained from
W = q (z ) ∗ C
Where:
q (z )is the peak velocity pressure= 0.537 ⁄
C is the pressure coefficient for the internal pressure
Used EBCS-1 part 1.4, 2015, For closed buildings with internal partitions and opening
windows the extreme values are, the internal pressure coefficient are
= 0.3 = −0.25.

Table 2. 13:Internal wind Pressure at elevation +24.08m

Zone F G H

0.3 -0.25 0.3 -0.25 0.3 -0.25 0.3 -0.25

( )
( ⁄ ) 0.537 0.537 0.537 0.537 0.537 0.537 0.537 0.537

( ⁄ ) 0.1611 -0.13425 0.1611 -0.1343 0.1611 -0.1343 0.1611 -0.1343

2.3.2.3.4. Net pressure

The net wind pressure is calculated based on values calculated in above cases.

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, = −
= 0.537 ∗ ( − )
Case-1: for =+ .
Table 2. 14: Net wind pressure at Elevation is +24.08m

Zone F G H I
-1.319 -0.786 -0.70 -0.20
+0.30 +0.30 +0.30 +0.30

− -1.619 -1.086 -1.00 -0.5

( / ) -0.8694 -0.5832 -0.5370 -0.2685:

Case-2: for =− .
Table 2. 15: Net wind pressure at Elevation is +24.08m

Zone F G H I
-1.319 -0.786 -0.70 -0.20
-0.25 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25
−
-1.069 -0.536 -0.45 0.05
( / ) -0.5741 -0.2878 -0.2417 0.0269

From above two cases, the governing net wind pressures are:
( ) = −0.5741 ⁄
( ) = +0.0269 ⁄
2.3.2.4.Wind load on flat roof at an elevation of 10.00m

The layout of flat roof at an elevation of 10.0m is shown below.

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⁄4 F

Wind

G H I

⁄4 F

⁄2

b = 5.08m
d = 7.40 m
2.3.2.4.1. External Wind Pressure
The external wind pressure that acts on the roof is obtained using the following formula

W = q (Z ) ∗ C

5) Basic wind velocity,

⇒ = 22 ⁄

6) Mean wind velocity

V (z ) = C (z ). C (z ) . V

Where:
 Reference height, = = ℎ = 24.08
 Terrain category: category IV ,see EBCS-1 (EBCS EN 1991-1-4 2015-Part1.4 Table 4.1
 4.1 =1 , = 10 , , = 0.05 , = 200

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 Roughness factor, ( ) :

( )= . ln ≤ ≤

10
⇒ ( )= . ln = 0.234 ∗ ln = 0.539
1

⇒ V (z ) = C (z ). C (z ) . V = 11.85 ⁄

7) Wind turbulence intensity, ( ):

( )= ≤ ≤
( ) ∗ ln

1
⇒ ( )= = 0.434
1 ∗ ln

8) Peak velocity pressure , ( ):

1
( )= ∗ ∗ ( )[1 + 7 ( )] = 0.355 ⁄
2
2.3.2.4.2. External Pressure coefficient,
 Pressure zones (F, G, H and I) at elevation is 10 m
= 5.08
= ⇒ = 5.08
2ℎ = 2 ∗ 7.4 = 14.8
5.08
⁄10 = = 0.508
10
5.08
⁄4 = = 1.27
4
5.08
⁄2 = = 2.54
2

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7.40

1.27 F

Wind

2.54 m G H I 5.08m

1.27 F

0.508m 2.032 4.86m

2.54m

 For flat roof height of parapet to height of the roof is required. But in this case there is

parapet wall so = 0.05

 calculation of Area of each zone is

Zone – F = (1.27 )(0.508 ) = 0.645
Zone – G = [2.54 ] ∗ (0.508 ) = 3.42
Zone – H = 2.032 ∗ 5.08 = 10.323
Zone –I = (4.86 )(5.08 ) = 24.689
 Based on the area calculated, we calculate external pressure coefficient for each zone as
above figure area Using the formulas:
= , , ℎ ≤1
= , , ℎ ≥ 10
= , + , − , 10 , ℎ 1 < < 10
 External pressure coefficient for each zone

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 Zone – F <1 , = 0.645 <1

= , = −2.0

 Zone – G 1 < = 3.42 < 10

= , − , − , log 10

Where: , = −1.60 , = −0.90, seeEBCS EN 1991-1-4

:2015-Part1.4 Table 7.2.
.
= −1.60— (−1.6 − (−0.9)) log 10 = −1.226

 Zone – H = 10.323 > 10 → = , = −0.7, SeeEBCS EN

1991-1-4 :2015-Part1.4 Table 7.2.
 Zone – I = 24.689 > 10 → = , = ± 0.2,See EBCS EN
1991-1-4: 2015-Part1.4 Table 7.2.

Table 2. 16: Summary of the external pressure coefficient value at elevation +10.0m

Zone F G H I

Area ( ) 0.645 3.42 10.323 24.689

, -1.40 -0.90 -0.70 ± 0.2
, -2.0 -1.60 -1.20 ± 0.2
-2.0 -1.226 -0.70 ± 0.2
Table 2. 17: External Wind pressure in each zone at elevation is + 10.00 m

Zone ( )( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ )
F 0.355 -1.40 -0.497
G 0.355 -0.90 -0.3195
H 0.355 -0.70 -0.2485
I 0.355 ± 0.2 0.071

Maximum negative, = −1.40 and maximum positive, = 0.2

External Pressure: Negative = −0.497 ⁄ and Positive = 0.071 ⁄

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2.3.2.4.3. Internal wind pressure,

The wind pressure acting on internal surface of a structure can be obtained from
W = q (z ) ∗ C
Where:

q (z )is the peak velocity pressure= 0.355 ⁄

C is the pressure coefficient for the internal pressure
Used EBCS-1 part 1.4, 2015, For closed buildings with internal partitions and opening
windows the extreme values are, the internal pressure coefficient are
= 0.3 = −0.25.

Table 2. 18: wind Pressure at elevation + 10 m

Zone F G H

0.3 -0.25 0.3 -0.25 0.3 -0.25 0.3 -0.25

( )
( ⁄ ) 0.355 0.355 0.355 0.355 0.355 0.355 0.355 0.355

( ⁄ ) 0.1065 -0.0888 0.1065 -0.0888 0.1065 -0.0888 0.1065 -0.0888

2.3.2.4.4. Net pressure

The net wind pressure is calculated based on values calculated in above cases.
, = − = 0.355 ∗ ( − )
Case-1: for =+ .
Table 2. 19: Net wind pressure at Elevation is +10 m

Zone F G H I
-1.40 -0.90 -0.70 -0.20
+0.30 +0.30 +0.30 +0.30
−
-1.70 -1.20 -1.00 -0.50
( / ) -0.6035 -0.426 -0.355 -0.1775

Case-2: for =− .

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Table 2. 20: Net wind pressure at Elevation is +10m

Zone F G H I
-1.40 -0.90 -0.70 -0.20
-0.25 -0.25 -0.25 -0.25
−
-1.15 -0.65 -0.45 0.05
( / ) -0.40825 -0.2308 -0.15975 0.01775

From above two cases, the governing net wind pressures are:

( ) = −0.40825 ⁄
( ) = +0.01775 ⁄

2.3.2.5.Roof below Other Roofs at Elation 27.6m

= 3.2 , = 7.65
= 3.2
≤
2ℎ = 2 ∗ 27.6 = 55.2

3.2
= = 1.6
2 2
3.2
= = 0.32
10 10

Area calculation for each zone

Zone G
= = ∗ (0.32) = 0.16

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Zone H
= ( − )= ∗ (3.2 − 0.32 ) = 31.85

Calculation of area of each zone is tabulated as follow

Table 2. 21: Area of each zone

Zone F G H I

Area , 0 0.16 31.85 19.39

For internal wind pressure, EBCS-1, 2015 recommends the following values for closed
buildings with internal partition walls and opening windows.
= +0.3 = −0.2

Net wind pressure calculation is the same as the above procedures

= 0.355 ∗ ( − )
Case-1: for =+ .

Table 2. 22: Net wind pressure at Elevation is +27.6 m

Zone G H I
-1.80 -0.91 -0.20
+0.30 +0.30 +0.30
−
-2.10 -1.21 -0.50
( / ) -0.7455 -0.4296 -0.1775

Case-2: for =− .
Table 2. 23: Net wind pressure at Elevation is +27.6m

Zone G H I
-1.80 -0.91 0.20
-0.2 -0.2 -0.2
−
-1.60 -0.71 0.4
( / ) -0.5680 -0.2521 0.1420

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From above two cases, the governing net wind pressures are:

( ) = −7455 ⁄

( ) = +0.1420 ⁄

2.4. DESIGNAND ANANLYSIS OF ROOF SLABS

Design of Reinforced Concrete section in general aims at determining the section sizes, grade of
concrete, grade and amount of steel reinforcement required to carry the applied moment. The
ultimate moment capacity of the section shall at least be equal to the design moment that the
section is subjected to having designed the section; it must be checked to ascertain whether
serviceability conditions are satisfied. Then, the reinforcement need to be appropriately detailed
to ensure satisfactory behavior during and after construction.

Serviceability requirements of deflection and crack widths are usually satisfied within the
ultimate limit state design by:

 Checking span to effective depth ratio

 Providing not less than the minimum amount of reinforcement
 Limiting the spacing of reinforcements.

2.4.1. Slab design procedure

A procedure for carrying out the detailed design of slabs is shown in below. This assumes that
the slab thickness has previously been determined during conceptual design. More detailed
advice on determining design life, actions, and material properties, methods of analysis,
minimum concrete cover for durability and control of crack widths.

2.4.2. Deflection

According to the ES EN-2 1992-1-1:2015 has two alternative methods for checking deflection,
either a limiting span-to-depth ratio may be used or the theoretical deflection can be assessed
using the expressions given in the code.

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The span-to –depth ratios should ensure that deflection is limited to ⁄250 and this is the
procedure presented.
Procedure for the design of beams and slab is as follows:

1) Determine Span-effective depth Ratios, ⁄ and K from Table 2.21or Equation 2.1.

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ (2.1)

Where:
− Basic span –to-depth ratio

⁄
= 11 + 1.5 + 3.2 −1 ≤ (2.2 )

1 ′
= 11 + 1.5 ′
+ > (2.2 )
− 12

⁄ is the Span-effective depth Ratios

is the factor to take into account the different structural systems
=1
= 1.5
= 1.3
= 0.4 .
is the reference reinforcement ratio = ⁄1000.
is the required tension reinforcement ratio at mid-span to resist the
moment due to the design loads (at support for cantilevers).
′
is the required Compression reinforcement ratio at mid-span to resist
the moment due to design loads.
2) For flanged sections where the ratio of the flange breadth to the rib breadth exceeds 3, the
values of ⁄ given by Equation (2.2) should be multiplied by 0.8. Or Determine Factor
1( ):
For ribbed or waffle slabs

= 1 − 0.1 ⁄ − 1 ≥ 0.8

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( Flange breadth and ℎ)

Otherwise /or other slab, =1
3) For beams and slabs, other than flat slabs, with spans exceeding 7 m, which support
partitions liable to be damaged by excessive deflections, the values of ⁄ given by
Equation (2.2) should be multiplied by7⁄ .Or Determine Factor 2( ):
Where the beam and slab span exceeds 7 m and it support
, =7 ⁄ ≤ 1.0
Otherwise = 1.
4) Determine Factor 3 ( ): = 500⁄
5) Span-effective depth Ratios , ⁄

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ≥ ⁄

Note: For the value of K refer to the National Annex. The recommended values are given in
Table 2.24. Values obtained using Equation (2.1) for common cases( 30⁄37 , = 310 ,
different structural systems and reinforcement ratios = 0.5% and = 1.5%) are also given
Table A-1 in the appendix.

2.4.3. Cover Design

Concrete cover is the distance between the outer surface of the reinforcement and the concrete
face. The concrete cover shall have a value to satisfy the following conditions:
Bond stress transfer between the concrete and the steel
Durability and environmental exposure
Fire resistance

2.4.3.1.Minimum concrete cover

The minimum concrete cover as recommendation by ES EN-1 1992-1-1:2015. The nominal
cover can be assessed as follows:
= +∆ (2.3)
Where should be set to satisfy the requirements below:
 Safe transmission of bond forces
 Durability

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 Fire resistance
and∆ Dcdevis an allowance which should be made in the design for deviations from the
minimum cover. It should be taken as 10 mm, unless fabrication (i.e. construction) is subjected
to a quality assurance system, in which case it is permitted to reduce ∆ to 5 mm.

2.4.3.2.Minimum cover for bond

The minimum cover to ensure adequate bond should not be less than the bar diameter, or
equivalent bar diameter for bundled bars, unless the aggregate size. (See EBCS- EN 1992-
1.1:2015, Table E.1N)

2.4.3.3. Minimum cover for durability

The recommendations for durability in ES EN 206-1 are gives durability requirements that
comply with BS 8500, but which significantly modify the approach taken in ES EN 206-1. To
determine the minimum cover for durability (and also the strength class and minimum water
cement ratio) National Annex or BS 8500 can be used.

The various exposure classes from ES EN 206-1. Selected recommendations are given in EBCS-
EN 1992-1.1:2015,Table 4.3N, for the concrete strength, minimum cement ratio, minimum
concrete cover and maximum cement content for various elements in a structure based on the
exposure of that element.

2.4.3.4.Design for fire resistance

For determining the fire resistance of concrete elements; further guidance can be obtained from
specialist literature. Design for fire resistance may still be carried out by referring to tables to
determine the minimum cover and dimensions for various elements, as set out below.

Rather than giving the minimum cover, the tabular method is based on nominal axis distance, a.
This is the distance from the centre of the main reinforcing bar to the surface of the member. It is
a nominal (not minimum) dimension (see Table A-1 in Appendix).

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2.4.4. Rules for spacing and quantity of Reinforcement as per ES EN-2 1992-1-1:2015

To resist cracking of the concrete, codes of practice specify details such as the minimum area of
reinforcement required in a section and limits to the maximum and minimum spacing of bars.
Some of these rules are as follows.

2.4.4.1.Minimum area of longitudinal reinforcement

The minimum flexural tensile steel reinforcement, , , required in a beam section is given as
the maximum of the following two values:

0.26
, = (2.4)
0.0013
Where:
 Denotes the mean width of the tension zone; for a T-beam with the flange in, only
the width of the web is taken into account in calculating the value of .
 Should be determined with respect to the relevant strength class according to
Table 3.1.ES EN -2,1991-1-1: 2015. is the mean value of axial tensile strength of
the concrete, calculated as:
( ⁄ )
= 0.30 ≤ 50 (2.5 )

= 2.12 ln 1 + > 50 ) (2.5 )

10
= +8 (2.5 )

Alternatively, for secondary elements, where some risk of brittle failure may be accepted,
, may be taken as 1.2 times the area required in ULS verification.

2.4.4.2.Minimum area of secondary reinforcement

The minimum area of secondary transverse reinforcement is 20 % , .In areas near supports,
transverse reinforcement is not necessary where there is no transverse bending moment.

2.4.4.3.Secondary transverse reinforcement areas

Secondary transverse reinforcement of not less than 20% of the main reinforcement (or principal
reinforcement) should be provided in one way slabs. In areas near supports transverse

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reinforcement to principal top bars is not necessary where there is no transverse bending
moment.
2.4.4.4.Maximum area of reinforcement
Outside lap locations, the maximum area of tension or compression reinforcement should not
exceed , = 0.04

2.4.4.5.Minimum spacing of reinforcement

The minimum clear distance between bars should be the greater of:
 Bar diameter
 Aggregate size plus 5 mm
 20 mm
2.4.4.6.Spacing of Bars

When the area of main reinforcement required is deeming for 1m strip, the spacing S of bars
is usually the parameter used to defined the flexural requirement in case of slabs. This spacing,
S, of bars may be computed using

= (2.9)
Where:
 = ,
 = Width of the slab strip considered (1m = 1000 mm)
Except those used to prevent shrinkage and temperature stress, the maximum spacing between
bars is limited as
3h
≤ or the principal reinforcement (2.10 )
400

3.5ℎ
≤ for the secondary reinforcement (2.10 )
450
Where: h = the thickness of slab.
In areas with concentrated loads or areas of maximum moment those provisions become
respectively:
2h
≤ or the principal reinforcement (2.11 )
250

3h
≤ for the secondary reinforcement (2.11 )
450

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2.4.5. Shear

Slab design start with determination of slab-thickness from deflection requirement given by
code. Then, check for adequacy of thickness of slab is made for both flexure and shear.
Thickness of slab is adequate for shear if the design shear stress developed in slab is less than or
equal to the shear strength provided by the slab.

2.4.5.1.Shear Stress:
. = ≤ , (2.12)
.

= (0.5 − )

Allowable shear strength of RC slab in working stress method for thickness up to 254mm
without shear reinforcement according to EBCS codeis given as:

2.4.5.2. Shear strength

The shear resistance of the concrete , , in such situations is given by an empirical expression:
⁄
0.12 (100 )
, = ⁄ ⁄ (2.13)
0.035
Where:
, = The design shear resistance of the section without shear reinforcement

200
= 1+ ≤ 2.0 ℎ

= ≤ 0.02

= The are of tensile reinforcement that extends beyond the section being
Considered by at least a full anchorage length plus one effective depth (d)
= The smallest width of the section in the tensile area (mm)

Some typical values of the corresponding shear stress capacities ( , = , ⁄ ).

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2.4.6. ROOF SOLID SLAB ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

The first step in preparing the final design is to complete the design of the slabs. The analysis of
slab is necessary in order that the final loading is determined for the design of the frame. The
design of slab includes:
 obtaining the final sizes of the slabs and,
 To calculate the amount and dimensions of the reinforcement

Figure 2. 6: Roof floor Slab lay out

2.4.6.1.Determine Depth for Deflection Requirement

The deformation of a member or structure shall not be such that it adversely affects its proper
functioning or appearance. Appropriate limiting values of deflection taking into account the
nature of the structure, of the finishes, partitions and fixings and upon the function of the
structure should be established. These limiting values are given on ES EN-2, 1992-1-1:2015 (or
see the equation 2.1 and 2.2).

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Table 2. 24: Type slabs for roof floor

Panels ( ) ( ) ⁄ Types of solid slab

S-1 7.00 4.25 1.65 Two -way

S-2 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two -way
S-3 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two -way
S-4 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two -way
S-5 7.00 4.25 1.65 Two -way
S-6 7.00 4.25 1.65 Two -way
S-7 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two-way
S-8 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two-way
S-9 4.25 2.50 1.70 Two-way
S-10 8.50 2.50 3.40 One-way
S-11 4.25 2.50 1.70 Two-way
S-12 7.65 3.20 2.39 Two-way
CS-1 14.00 1.40 10.00 One-way

Sample calculation span depth ratio.

a) Depth determination: Serviceability requirement used equation (2.1).

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Where:
⁄
= 11 + 1.5 + 3.2 −1 ≤

1 ′
= 11 + 1.5 ′
+ >
− 12

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Where:
√30
= = = 0.00548 = 0.548%
1000 1000

= 0.5% ( : 2015)

⁄
= 11 + 1.5 + 3.2 −1 = 0.5 % ≤ = 0.548 %

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= 11 + 9 + 0.5213 = 20.53

500 500
= = = 1.25
400
= 1, =1

⇒ = 20.52 ∗ 1 ∗ 1 ∗ 1.25 ∗ = 25.66

End panel S-1 (K=1.3 or see Table 2.21)

= 25.66 = 25.66 ∗ 1.3 = 33.36

= = 4.25 = 4250

4250
≥ = = 127.40
⁄ 33.36

Interior Panel S-7( = . )

= 25.66 = 25.66 ∗ 1.5 = 38.49

= = 7.0 = 7000

7000
≥ = = 181.86
⁄ 38.49

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Table 2. 25: Summary of Minimum effective depth each panel for roof slab

Panels N K K*N ⁄ ( ) ( )
S-1 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 4250 127.39
S-2 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 7000 209.82
S-3 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 7000 209.82
S-4 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 7000 209.82
S-5 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 4250 127.39
S-6 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 4250 110.41
S-7 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 7000 181.85
S-8 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 7000 209.82
S-9 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 2500 74.94
S-10 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 2500 64.95
S-11 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 2500 64.95
S-12 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 3200 95.92
CS-1 20.53 0.4 8.21 10.27 1400 136.39

2.4.6.2. Concrete cover design

Design for corrosion: 30⁄37 → Exposure class is 3 (see EBCS -2 EN 1992-1.1:2015,

Table 3E.1N)
a) The nominal cove , :
= +∆
b) Minimum Cover, :

,
= ,
10
Where:
Assuming the diameter of main reinforcement to be used is 8 ,for roof slab
→ , =8
Environmental Requirement for , = 10 → structural Class is S-1 (see
EBCS-2 EN 1992-1.1:2015, Table 4.4N)
, 8
⟹ = , = 10
10 10
⟹ = 10

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Then Nominal cover , :

= +∆ = 10 + 10 = 20

c) Cover Design for fire

Cover Design: FIRE: Panel S-4, = 4.25 , =7 ⇒ ⁄ = 1.65
– → 120 = 20 (see Table A-1)

d) Governing cover for: Corrosion, Bond/Durability and Fire

=
Take the governing depth = 209.82
Ceiling plaster = 2cm = 0.02m
Cement screw = 4.8 = 0.048
ϕ reinforcement bars
e) Depth of Slab, h:
h = + + ⁄2 = 233.82
Use h = 240
2.4.6.3.Loading

ℎ = 0.24 × 25 ⁄ =6 ⁄
ℎ = ( 0.02 × 23 ⁄ ) + ( 0.048 × 23 ⁄ )
= 1.564 ⁄
( )=6 ⁄ + 1.564 ⁄ = 7.56 ⁄
Live Load( ) = 0.4 ⁄
, = 1.35 + 1.5 = 10.81 ⁄

2.4.6.4.Calculation of Design Moment using coefficient Method

The first stage of design is to determine support and span moments for all panels. The support
and span moments are calculated using the following equation 2.14. Maximum moments for
individual slab panels with edges either simply supported (discontinuous) or fully fixed
(continuous) are given by,

= (2.14)

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Where,
 is the design moment per unit width at the point of references x or y
 is moment coefficient at the point of reference given by code as function of aspect
ratio, ⁄ and support condition (refer Table A-1).
 are short and longer spans of the panel, in the respective direction.
 serviceor factored uniform design load depending on design method( ⁄ )

Notation used for different critical moments and edge numbers are as shown figure 2.8

M ys

1
2

Figure 2. 7: Notation for critical moments

Subscripts used for moments and moment coefficient have the following meaning.
−Support-ve moment
−Field or span +ve moment
−Direction of shorter span
−Direction of longer span
Therefore, the maximum support and span moments per unit width develop at particular critical
points of slab panel of two-way system are given by the following equations:
=

= (2.15)

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The bending moment coefficients have been obtained form a theoretical elastic analysis and
adjusted in the light of experimental data. The panel is considered as divided in each direction
into middle strip and edge strips of width three-quarter and one eight of the panel, respectively as
shown in figure 2.9. Notations and subscripts for description of critical.

Reinforcement in − direction Reinforcement in − direction

Edge strip ⁄8
Edge strip
Middle strip
Edge strip

Middle strip 3 ⁄4

Edge strip ⁄8

⁄8 3 ⁄4 ⁄8
For Reinforcement in long span

For Reinforcement in short span

Figure 2. 8: Distribution of slab into Middle and Edge Strips

The confidents provided in the Table A-1 are used equation 2.15 for determine the moments in
the middle strip of the slab only.
Checking if we can use coefficient method for analysis:

For Panel S-5 = 4.25 , =7 = 1.65

Ly=7.0m

Lx=4.25
m
= 0.084 = 0.084 = 16.40 /
= 0.063 = 0.063 ⎫ = 12.30 /
⇒ ⁄
= 0.045 = 0.045⎬ × 10.81 × (4.25) ⇒
= 8.79 /
= 0.034 = 0.034⎭ = 6.64 /

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Panel S-10 = 2.5 , = 8.5 = 8.5 ⁄2.5 = 3.4 > 2 → it is one way slab,

since it is one way slab analyzed as beam.

10.81 ⁄

2.5

10.81 ∗ (2.5 )
= = = 5.63
12 12

10.81 ∗ (2 )
= = = 2.815
24 24

10.81 ∗ 2.5
= = = 13.51
2 2

Other slabs are also calculated in the same procedure and tabulated 2.28 below.

Table 2. 26: Moments for individual slab panels

Panel ( ) ⁄ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
S-1 4.25 1.65 0.079 0.059 0.037 0.028 15.43 11.52 7.22 5.47
S-2 7.00 1.21 0.064 0.045 0.048 0.034 33.90 23.84 25.43 18.01
S-4 7.00 1.21 0.056 0.042 0.037 0.028 29.66 22.25 19.60 14.83
S-5 4.25 1.65 0.084 0.063 0.045 0.034 16.40 12.30 8.79 6.64
S-6 4.25 1.65 0.056 0.042 0.032 0.024 10.93 8.20 6.25 4.69
S-7 7.00 1.21 0.043 0.032 0.032 0.024 22.78 16.95 16.95 12.71
S-8 7.00 1.21 0.056 0.037 0.042 0.028 29.66 19.60 22.25 14.83
S-9 2.50 1.70 0.061 0.046 0.037 0.028 4.12 3.11 2.50 1.89
S-10 2.50 3.40 5.63 2.82 0.00 0.00
S-11 2.50 1.70 0.057 0.043 0.032 0.024 3.85 2.91 2.16 1.62

2.4.6.5.Calculation of design moment for cantilever slab

Panel- CS-1: = 10.81 ⁄ , ⁄ = 14⁄1.4 = 10 > 2 → it is one way slab, since it
is one way slab analyzed as cantilever beam.

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10.81 ⁄

1.4

10.81 ∗ (1.4 )
= = = 10.59
2 2
= = 10.81 ∗ 1.4 = 15.13

2.4.6.6.Moment calculation using strip method

2.4.6.6.1. Panel-3
1.50 m
= = 10.81 ⁄

7.0 m

2.0 m

8.50 m

Figure 2 1: Strip Method for Roof for Panel S-3

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⁄2 ⁄2

⁄2
⁄
⁄2

A A

⁄
⁄

⁄2 ⁄2

⁄2 ⁄2

⁄2
⁄2

( − ) ⁄

B B

1.75m 1.75m
5m

Taking the ratio of and =2 ⇒ = 0.366

Hence
7
= 0.366 ∗ = 1.28
2 2

7
(1 − ) = (1 − 0.366) ∗ = 2.22
2 2

− =5 , ℎ = 8.5 =7
2

X- DIRECTION:
 MIDDLE STRIP

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= 10.81 ⁄ = 10.81 ⁄

⁄2 = 5.405 ⁄

1.75 5m 1.75

Cantilever moment

.
= 5.405 ∗ 5 ∗ + 5.405 ∗ 1.75 ∗ = 75.84 .

Field and support moments will be calculated using the ratio of two

= 2⁄3 ∗ (75.84 ) = 50.56

= 1⁄3 ∗ (75.84 ) = 25.28 .

 STRIP A-A Edge strip to the fixed side

⁄2 = 5.405 ⁄ ⁄2 = 5.405 ⁄

1.75 1.75

8.5 m
Cantilever moment:
5.405 × (1.75)
= = 8.28
2
2
= (8.28 . ) = 5.52
3
1
= ∗ (8.28 ) = 2.76
3
 STRIP B-B: Edge strip to simply supported side

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5.405 ⁄

8.5 m

5.405 ∗ (8.5)
= = = 32.54 .
12 12
5.405 ∗ (8.5)
= = = 16.27 .
24 24
Y- DIRECTION
 Middle strip

10.81 ⁄

5.405 ⁄

2.22m 4.78m
Cantilever moment
10.81 ∗ (2.22) 4.78
= + [5.405 ∗ 4.78 ∗ 2.22 + = 145.74
2 2
2
= ∗ (145.74 ) = 97.16
3
1
= ∗ (145.74 ) = 48.58
3
 Edge strip
⁄2 = 5.405 ⁄ ⁄2 = 5.405 ⁄

2.22 2.22

7m

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Cantilever moment
(5.405 ∗ (2.22) )
= = 13.32
2
2
= ∗ (13.32 ) = 8.88
3
1
= ∗ (13.32 ) = 4.44
3
In order to support the slab strip cut by the hole, an arrangement of strong band is provided as
follow. .

⁄2
⁄2 ⁄

(1 − ) ⁄2
⁄2

⁄2
⁄2

⁄2
⁄2

⁄2

1.75m 1.75m

To support the opening, provide strong band of

1.5
= 0.40 −
4
2.0
= 0.50 −
4

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I F

⁄2
⁄2 .
E E

D D

C B

H H

A
⁄2 ⁄2 2.22
A
⁄2

⁄2
⁄2

⁄2

C B F
1.75m 1.75m

 STRIP A-A
⁄2 = 5.405 ⁄ ⁄2 = 5.405 ⁄

0.25
1.75

0.65

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By taking moment at the left support and (strip A-A) is 5.52 , we can
determine Value of .
.
(5.405 ∗ (1.75 ⁄2)) + (5.405 ∗ 0.25 ∗ 6.75 + − 5.52
=
0.65 ∗ (3.15 ∗ 0.5)
= 12.03 ⁄

Cantilever moment
5.405 ∗ (1.75)
= = 8.28
2
Positive moment

2
= ∗ (8.28 ) = 5.52
3
1
= ∗ (8.28 ) = 2.76
3

 STRIP B-B
. ⁄

. .

2.22m
0.4

(10.81 ∗ (2.22 ⁄2)) − 97.16

= . = −87.28 ⁄
0.4 ∗ (1.82 + )

Cantilever moment
10.81 ∗ (1.82)
= = 17.90 .
2
Positive moment

2
= ∗ (17.9 ) = 11.94
3
1
= ∗ (17.90 ) = 5.97
3

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 STRIP C-C
. ⁄

. .

2.22m
0.4

(5.405 ∗ (1.82 ⁄2)) − 13.32

= . = −4.37 ⁄
0.4 ∗ (1.82 + )

Cantilever moment
5.405 ∗ (2.22)
= = 13.32 .
2
Positive moment
2
= ∗ (13.32 ) = 8.88
3
Negative moment
1
= ∗ (13.32 ) = 4.44
3
 STRIP D-D
. ⁄

. .

1.5m
0.5m

(10.81 ∗ (1.5 ⁄2)) − 25.28

= . = −20.99 ⁄
0.5 ∗ (1.0 + )

Cantilever moment

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10.81 ∗ (1)
= = 5.405 .
2
Positive moment
2
= ∗ (5.405 ) = 3.60
3
Negative moment

1
= (5.405 ) = 1.80
3

 STRIP E-E
. ⁄

32.5 KNm

1.5m
0.5m

(5.405 ∗ (1.5 ⁄2)) − 32.5

= . = −42.27 ⁄
0.5 ∗ (1.0 + )

Cantilever moment
5.405 ∗ (1)
= = 2.70 .
2
Positive moment
2
= ∗ (2.70 ) = 1.80
3
Negative moment

1
= ∗ (2.70 ) = 0.90
3
 STRIP F-F
The moments for the Y-direction middle strip of the basic case (without hole) may be
used without change .i.e. = 8.88 . , = 4.44 .
 STRIP H-H

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

We know that maximum moment occurs where shear is zero. By taking moment left
support of the strip reaction force on right side can be determined and the maximum
moment will be calculated
.
29.99 ∗ (1.75 ⁄2) + 4.37 ∗ 0.25 ∗ 6.75 +
= = 7.63
7

+ = (29.99 ∗ 1.75) + (4.37 ∗ 0.25)

= 45.95
Maximum moment can occur at shear is zero at any x distance from left support.

Value of x where shear is zero can be calculated as follow by taking summation of

moment at the left support is zero
49.95
−29.99( ) + 49.95 =0 ⇒ = = 1.67
29.99
Therefore maximum moment will be:

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

+ (29.99 ∗ 1.75 ⁄2) − 49.95 ∗ 1.67 = 0

= 37.50 .

2.4.6.6.2. Pane S-12

= = 10.81 ⁄
ℎ ℎ − 12 , = = 3.2 , = = 7.65

The discontinuity lines are selected as shown in the figure below.

Edge strip width, ⁄4 = 3.2⁄4 = 0.80
Use ratio of support moment to span moment = 5
⁄2 = 3.2⁄2 = 1.60
− ⁄2 = 7.65 − (3.2⁄2) = 6.05

X-DIRECTION
 MIDDLE STRIP (STRIP ALONG A-A)

=
0.8

0.8 4
−

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1 + 32 ⁄
=
8( ⁄ ) − 1

7.65
= = 2.39, . ℎ , =
3.2

10.81 ⁄

0.8 6.85

Support moment at the support is can be calculated using the following equation.

∗ ( ⁄16) − ⁄4 10.81 ∗ (3.2 ⁄16) 7.65 − 3.2⁄4

= ∗ 1+ = ∗ 1+
8 8 6.85
= 3.46 .

So value of k will be determined by substituting value of moment in the above equation

to be 0.11. Then we obtain the following or

1 + 32 ⁄ 1 + (32 ∗ (−3.46))⁄10.81 ∗ (3.2)

⇒ = = = 0.11
8( ⁄ ) − 1 8(7.65⁄3.2) − 1

Revised moments:

10.81 ⁄
0.8

0.8 6.05
−1.189 ⁄
Maximum span moment occurs at
3.2
= (1 − ) ∗ = (1 − 0.11) ∗ = 0.712
4 4
Therefore maximum span moment
8
= −3+ = 6.18 .
32
 EDGE STRIP

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Half of middle strip moments

1 1
= ( )( ) = ∗ 3.46 = 1.73
2 2

1 1
= ( )( ) = ∗ 6.18 = 3.09
2 2

Y DIRECTION STRIPS:
 MIDDLE STRIP

10.81 ⁄

3.2

Moment at the support

10.81 ⁄ ∗ (3.2 )
= = = 9.23
12 12
Moment at the span
10.81 ⁄ ∗ (3.2 )
= = = 4.61
24 24
 STRIPS A-A

5.405 5.405

0.8 1.6 0.8

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Cantilever momement
5.405 ∗ (0.8)
= = 1.73
2
Moment at the support
5
= ∗ 1.73 = 1.130
7.65
Moment at the span

1
= ∗ 1.73 = 0.226
7.65
 STRIP B-B: Strip along the strong band

(1 + )w 12.0
(1 + ⁄2)w (1 + ⁄2)w 11.41 11.41

0.8 1.6 0.8 0.8 1.6 0.8

Moment at the support =

12 ∗ (3.2)
≈ = = 10.24 .
12 12

= (1 + ) ( )
= 1.11 ∗ 9.23 = 10.24

Moment at the span

12 ∗ (3.2)
≈ = = 5.12 .
24 24

= ((1 + ) ( )
= 1.11 ∗ 4.61 = 5.12

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Figure 2. 9: Roof slab moment (KN.m)

2.4.6.7. Design moment adjustment

2.4.6.7.1. Support Moment Adjustment
There are two cases to be considered in the adjustment of support moment.

Case-1:
− +
∗ 100% < 20% → = ℎ >
2

Case-2:
− +
∗ 100% > 20% → = ℎ >
2
ℎ = −
> .

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>

= − ∗∆ ℎ
+

= + ∗∆
+
Where:
3
= , =
4

Note that if adjustment is between two-way and cantilever, then =

As a sample, the following is done.

Panel S-1 and S-2 –on axis 2 adjustment is required.

∆ = 25.43 − 15.43 = 10

∆ 10
ℎ : = = 39.32% > 20%
25.43

Therefore the adjustment will be done as

Therefore, use the moment distribution method

= + ( − )
+
0.333
= 15.43 + (25.43 − 15.43)
0.667 + 0. .333

= 18.76 /

Panel S-6and S-7 –on axis 2 adjustment is required.

∆ = 16.95 − 10.93 = 6.02

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0.2 , = 0.2(16.95) = 3.39 /

⇒∆ = 6.02 > 0.2 , = 3.39 /

Therefore, use the moment distribution method

= + ( − )
+
0.333
= 10.93 + (16.95 − 10.93)
0.333 + 0.6667
= 12.93 /

2.4.6.7.2. Span Moment Adjustment /Field Moment Adjustment

 Panel S-2 =7 , = 8.5 & = 1.2

∆

∆ Lx=4.25m Lx =4.25

Ly=7 m Ly= 7m

= 0.338 = 0.344
= 0.172 = 0.364

∆ = 18.76 − 25.43 = −6.67 ⁄

∆ = 18.76 − 33.9 = −15.14

2.4.6.7.3. Finial adjusted moment for Roof Slab

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Figure 2. 10: Finial adjusted moment for roof slab (KN.m)

2.4.6.8. Flexural Design for Roof Slab

2.4.6.8.1. Maximum spacing of reinforcement

For the principal reinforcement:

3ℎ = 3 ∗ 240 = 720
≤
400

⇒ = 400

For the secondary reinforcement:

3.5ℎ = 3.5 ∗ 240 = 840

≤
450

⇒ = 450

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2.4.6.8.2. Minimum area of reinforcement

Effective depth, = 240 − (20 + 4) = 216 ( )

Effective depth, = 240 − (20 + 8 + 4) = 208 ( )

ℎ , =1 = 1000

216 + 208
= = 212
2

0.26
, =
0.0013
2.9 ∗ 1000 ∗ 212
= 0.26 = 399.13
400
0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 212 = 275.6

, = 399.13

, ⁄

2.4.6.8.3. Maximum area of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement

Maximum limits (for tension or compression reinforcement) are needed to achieve adequate
concrete compaction

, = 0.04 = 0.04 ∗ 1000 ∗ 212 = 8480

2.4.6.8.4. Sample Calculation Bending Reinforcement bars for Roof Slab

Panels S-1

With class S-1, XC-3 exposure condition, = 20

= 216
2.9
0.26 0.26 = 0.001883
= = 400
0.0013 0.0013

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= 0.001883

= 0.04

1) Bending – Longer span

= 18.76 ⁄

Maximum area of reinforcement:

, = 0.04 = 0.04 = 0.04 ∗ 1000 ∗ 216 = 8840

Minimum area of reinforcement

0.26
, =
0.0013
2.9 ∗ 1000 ∗ 216
= 0.26 = 407.16
400
0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 216 = 280.8

, = 407.16

, ⁄ 120

Bending reinforcement:
= 18.76 ⁄
18.76 × 10
= = = 0.0134
1000 ∗ (216) ∗ 30
For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 0.988 ∗ 216 = 213.42

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 18.76 ⁄ :

= ≥ ,

18.76 × 10
= = 252.72 ⁄ > , = 407.16
(347.83) ∗ 213.42
⇒ = 407.16 ⁄

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Spacing:
(8)
= , ℎ , = = = 50.27
4 4

1000(50.27)
= = 123.47 < = 400
407.16

Provide ⁄

Bending reinforcement:

= 11.52 ⁄
11.52 × 10
= = = 0.00823
1000 ∗ (216) ∗ 30

For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 0.993 ∗ 216 = 214.42

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 11.52 ⁄

= ≥ ,

11.52 × 10
= = 154.46 < , = 407.16
(347.83) ∗ 214.42

⇒ = 407.16 ⁄
Spacing:
(8)
= , ℎ , = = = 50.27
4 4

1000(50.27)
= = 123.47 < = 400
407.16

Provide ⁄
2) Bending – Short span

= 6.74 ⁄

= 240 − (20 + 8 + 4) = 208

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Minimum area of reinforcement:

0.26
, =
0.0013
2.9 ∗ 1000 ∗ 208
= 0.26 ∗ = 392.08
400
0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 208 = 270.40

⇒ , = 392.08

, ⁄ 120
Maximum area of reinforcement:
, = 0.04 = 0.04 = 0.04 ∗ 1000 ∗ 208
= 8320
Bending reinforcement:

= 6.74 ⁄

6.74 × 10
= = = 0.005193
1000 ∗ (208) ∗ 30

For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 0.995 ∗ 208 = 207

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 6.74 ⁄

= ≥ ,

6.74 × 10
= = 32.55 < , = 407.16
(347.83) ∗ 207

⇒ = 392.08 ⁄
Spacing:
(8)
= , ℎ , = = = 50.27
4 4

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1000(50.27)
= = 128.21 < = 400
392.08

Provide ⁄
Bending reinforcement:
= 7.22 ⁄
7.22 × 10
= = = 0.05563
1000 ∗ (208) ∗ 30
For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 0.995 ∗ 208 = 206.97

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 7.22 ⁄ :

= ≥ ,

7.22 × 10
= = 100.28 ⁄ > , = 392.08
(347.83) ∗ 206.97

⇒ = 392.08 ⁄

Provide ⁄ mm

Table 2. 27 (a): Summary Roof floor Reinforcements bars

Main Reinforcement
Moment d Z , ≥ , Provide
Panels (KN m) (mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm2) (mm) reinforcement bars
S 18.76 216 0.01340 213.42 407.16 252.71 123.46 ⁄ 120

f 7.22 216 0.05158 215.01 407.16 121.10 123.46 ⁄ 120

S-1
s 6.74 208 0.05193 207.04 392.08 93.59 128.21 ⁄ 120
f 11.52 208 0.08757 206.60 392.08 206.36 128.21 ⁄ 120
s 28.34 216 0.02025 210.95 407.16 212.07 123.46 ⁄ 120

S-2 f 23.84 216 0.01703 212.71 407.16 322.23 123.46 ⁄ 120

s 18.76 208 0.01445 205.31 392.08 262.69 128.21 ⁄ 120

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f 18.01 208 0.01388 205.42 392.08 252.06 128.21 ⁄ 120

s 29.66 216 0.02119 211.89 407.16 402.44 123.46 ⁄ 120
f 22.25 216 0.01589 214.50 407.16 212.93 123.46 ⁄ 120
S-4
s 19.60 208 0.01510 205.19 392.08 274.62 128.21 ⁄ 120
f 15.83 208 0.01219 205.74 392.08 221.21 128.21 ⁄ 120
s 18.00 216 0.01286 213.52 407.16 242.36 123.46 ⁄ 120
f 12.30 216 0.08788 214.32 407.16 165.00 123.46 ⁄ 120
S-5
s 8.79 208 0.06772 206.75 392.08 122.23 128.21 ⁄ 120
f 6.64 208 0.05116 207.06 392.08 92.19 128.21 ⁄ 120
s 10.59 216 0.07566 214.56 407.16 141.91 123.46 ⁄ 120
f 8.20 216 0.05858 204.19 407.16 115.45 123.46 ⁄ 120
S-6
s 4.46 208 0.00945 206.25 392.08 113.97 128.21 ⁄ 120
f 4.46 208 0.03436 207.37 392.08 61.83 128.21 ⁄ 120
s 10.26 216 0.07330 214.59 407.16 137.46 123.46 ⁄ 120
f 16.95 216 0.01211 213.67 407.16 228.07 123.46 ⁄ 120
S-7
s 16.95 208 0.01311 205.58 392.08 237.04 128.21 ⁄ 120
f 12.71 208 0.09793 206.19 392.08 177.22 128.21 ⁄ 120
s 22.78 216 0.01627 212.85 407.16 307.68 123.46 ⁄ 120
f 19.60 216 0.01400 213.29 407.16 264.18 123.46 ⁄ 120
S-8
s 0 208 0.00000 208.0 392.08 - 128.21 ⁄ 120
f 14.83 208 0.01143 205.88 392.08 207.09 128.21 ⁄ 120
s 5.38 216 0.03844 215.27 407.16 71.85 123.46 ⁄ 120
f 1.89 216 0.00135 215.74 407.16 25.19 123.46 ⁄ 120
S-9
s 2.50 208 0.00193 207.65 392.08 34.61 128.21 ⁄ 120
f 1.15 208 0.00886 207.84 392.08 15.91 128.21 ⁄ 120
s 12.12 216 0.00866 214.34 407.16 162.57 123.46 ⁄ 120
f 2.82 216 0.00201 215.61 407.16 37.60 123.46 ⁄ 120
S-10
s 2.16 208 0.00166 207.69 392.08 29.89 128.21 ⁄ 120
f 0 208 0.00000 208.00 392.08 - 128.21 ⁄ 120
s 5.18 216 0.00000 216.00 407.16 68.95 123.46 ⁄ 120
f 11.3 216 0.00807 214.45 407.16 151.48 123.46 ⁄ 120
S-11
s 2.16 208 0.01664 207.69 392.08 29.89 128.21 ⁄ 120
f 1.89 208 0.00146 207.73 392.08 26.16 128.21 ⁄ 120
s 216 - 216.00 407.16 - 123.46 ⁄ 120
f 216 216.00 407.16 - 123.46 ⁄ 120
CS-1
s 10.59 208 0.00816 206.49 392.08 147.44 128.21 ⁄ 120
f 208 - 208.00 392.08 - 128.21 ⁄ 120

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Table 2.28 (b): Reinforcement bar for Strip method

Main Reinforcement
Moment d Z , ≥ , Provide
Panels (KN m) (mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm2) (mm) reinforcement bars
S 5.52 216 0.00592 214.87 405.28 73.86 193.79 ⁄ 190

f 2.76 216 0.00296 215.44 405.28 36.83 193.79 ⁄ 190

s 11.94 208 0.01380 205.44 386.42 167.09 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 5.97 208 0.00690 206.73 386.42 83.03 203.25 ⁄ 200
s 8.88 208 0.01026 206.10 405.28 123.87 193.79 ⁄ 190
S-3
f 4.44 208 0.00513 207.05 405.28 61.65 193.79 ⁄ 190
s 3.6 216 0.00386 215.26 386.42 48.08 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 1.8 216 0.00193 215.63 386.42 24.00 203.25 ⁄ 200
s 1.8 216 0.00193 215.63 405.28 24.00 193.79 ⁄ 190
f 0.9 216 0.00096 215.82 405.28 11.99 193.79 ⁄ 190
s 8.88 208 0.01026 206.10 386.42 123.87 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 4.44 208 0.00513 207.05 386.42 61.65 203.25 ⁄ 200
s 3.46 216 0.00371 215.29 405.28 46.20 193.79 ⁄ 190
f 6.18 216 0.00662 214.73 405.28 82.74 193.79 ⁄ 190
s 1.73 216 0.00185 215.65 386.42 23.06 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 3.09 216 0.00331 215.37 386.42 41.25 203.25 ⁄ 200
s 9.23 208 0.01067 206.02 405.28 128.80 193.79 ⁄ 190
S-12
f 4.61 208 0.00533 207.02 405.28 64.02 193.79 ⁄ 190
s 1.13 208 0.00131 207.76 386.42 15.64 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 0.226 208 0.00026 207.95 386.42 3.12 203.25 ⁄ 200
s 10.24 208 0.01183 205.81 405.28 143.05 193.79 ⁄ 190
f 5.12 208 0.00592 206.91 405.28 71.14 193.79 ⁄ 190

2.4.6.9. Shear design

2.4.6.9.1. Shear Stress
Assuming the beam width to be 250 mm
= (0.5 − )
Where:
= = 10.81

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= ℎ = 4.25 − 0.25 =4

= ℎ =1 = 1000

= ℎ = 212

→ = (0.5 − ) = 10.81[(0.5 ∗ 4) − 0.212] ∗ 1

= 19.33
2.4.6.9.2. Shear Strength:
The shear resistance of the concrete , , in such situations is given by an empirical expression:

0.12 (100 )
, =
0.035

Where:
, = The design shear resistance of the section without shear reinforcement

200
=1+ ≤ 2.0 ℎ

200 200
=1+ =1+ = 1.971
212
→ = 1.971
Taking minimum reinforcement, ⁄ 120

407.16
= = = 0.0019575
1000 ∗ 208
0.12 ∗ 2(100 ∗ 0.0019575 ∗ 30) ∗ 1000 ∗ 208 × 10 = 30.36
, =
.
0.035(1.971) (30) ∗ 1000 ∗ 208 × 10 = 110.34

, = 110.34 > = 19.33 !

2.4.6.9.3. Checking the deflection

 Percentage of required tension reinforcement,

, 392.08
= = = 0.001885
1000 ∗ 208

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 Reference reinforcement ratio,

√30
= = 0.00548
1000

 For panel S-1Factor for structural system, = 1.3

( ⁄ ) = 11 + 1.5√30 + 3.2√30 −1

0.00548 0.0.00548
( ⁄ ) = 1.3 11 + 1.5√30 + 3.2√30 −1
0.001885 0.001885

( ⁄ ) = 1.3[11 + 23.885 + 46.163] = 105.36

 Modification factor for steel area provided

= , ⁄ , = 419⁄392.08 = 1.068 ≤ 1.5
 Therefore, allowable span-effective depth ratio:
( ⁄ ) = 105.36 ∗ 1.25 ∗ 1.068 = 140.71
 Actual span-effective depth ratio:
( ⁄ ) = 4250⁄208 = 20.43 < ( ⁄ ) !

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

CHAPTER THREE: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SLABS AND STAIRCASE

3.1. INTRDUCTION

Slabs are plate elements forming floors and roofs in building which normally carry uniformly
distributed loads. There are two types of slabs based on the load transferring mechanisms. They
are one way and two way slabs. One-way slabs transmit their load in one direction while two
way slabs resist applied two directions.

In this project two types of slabs are analyze and ribbed slab and solid slab. From five and six
floor used ribbed slab and first to fourth floor used solid slab.

3.2. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF RIBBED SLAB

3.2.1. Introduction

Ribbed slab is economical for buildings where there are long spans and light and moderate live
loads. The ribbed slab which will be designed here is a series of in situ concrete, ribs cast
between hollow block, which remains part of the completed slab. Ribbed slab composed of ribs,
toppings, and HCB. Ribs and topping are composed to form T-section beams. These are
economical for buildings where there are long spans and light and moderate live loads such as in
hospitals or apartment buildings.

3.2.2. Hollow Block Slabs

3.2.2.1. General
Generally, ribs (joists) are designed as regular T-beam sections supported by girders. Ribs shall
be not less than 70 mm wide. Their spacing shall not exceed 1.5m; and depth of ribs excluding
any topping slab shall be not more than four times their width. The reinforcement of the ribs
usually consists of two bars, one straight bar and one bent bar.

3.2.2.2. Arrangement of Blocks

The number of blocks in each direction must be specified on the construction drawings. Thus,
the layout of the blocks must be positioned so that enough solid parts are present near the
supporting beams. For floors with hidden beams, the solid part must be wide enough to carry all

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the applied loads. The normal width of the solid part ranges between 0.8 - 2.0 for floors with
hidden beams and ranges between 0.2 - 0.5 for floors with projected beams.

3.2.2.3. General Requirements

The design of this floor involves the satisfaction of the following general requirements in
accordance with the provision of ES EN 2 1992-1-1:2015 (EBCS-2, 2015):
 Because joists are closely spaced, The thickness of slab (topping ),

50
≥ 1
⁄
10

 In the case of ribbed slabs incorporating permanent blocks, the lower limit of 50mm may
be reduced to 40mm.
 Unless calculation requires for rib spacing larger than 1.5m, toppings or slabs are
provided with mesh reinforcement of 0.0013 in both directions for temperature and
shrinkage problem or 0.0018 at right angle to the joist
 Unless calculation requires, minimum reinforcement to be provided for joists includes
two bars, where one is bent near the support and the other straight.

50
≥ 0.0013 ⁄ (min. )
⁄10 0.0018 ⁄ (min)
D ≤ 4b

ℎ ≤4
,
+d

, ≥ 70

= , + ≤ 1500

Figure 3. 1: Minimum dimensions required

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

3.2.2.4. Rib width

1) The rib width shall be at least 70 mm and overall all depth shall be less than or equal to
four times rib width plus thickness of toppings.
, ≥ 70 , , ≤4 , +
2) Rib spacing is does not exceed 1500mm.
3) In case of ribbed spacing larger than 1.5m, the topping (slab) need to be design as if
supported on ribs ( i.e. as one way solid slab between the ribs)
4) The girder supporting the joist may be rectangular or T-beam with the flange thickness
equal to the floor thickness.
5) The depth of the rib below the flange does not exceed 4 times its width.

3.2.2.5. Minimum Reinforcement

The topping shall be provided with mesh reinforcement of 0.0013 in this value used high
yield steel and 0.0024 used in mild steel in both directions for temperature and shrinkage
problem or 0.0018 right angle to the joist. Where: is the average width of the ribs and D
is the overall depth of the slab.

3.2.2.6.Transverse ribs

1) If the span of the ribs exceeds 6m, transverse ribs may be provided, as the thickness of
the topping will be larger
2) Transverse ribs are provided at a clear spacing not exceeding 10 times the overall depth
of the slab.
3) when transverse ribs are provided, the centre to center distance shall not exceed 20 times
the overall depth of the ribbed slab
4) The transverse ribs shall be designed for at least half the values of maximum moments
and shear force in the longitudinal ribs.

3.2.2.7. Design of Hidden Beams

Hidden beams are usually used in hollow block floors to give flexibility and a sense of
spaciousness. Due to their limited depth, hidden beams are heavily reinforced and their width

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exceeds their depth as shown in Figure 3.2a. To reduce the amount of reinforcement, the depth of
the hidden beam is increased by 50mm as shown in Figure 3.2b.

Figure 3. 2: Cross Section in a hidden beam

3.2.3. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF FIFTH AND SIXTH FLOOR RIBBED SLAB

Figure 3. 3: Fifth and Sixth Floor plane and layout of slabs

Step-1: Concrete covers Design:
1.1.Design for corrosion 30⁄37 → 3 ( − 2,2015, 1 )
1.2.Bond/ Durability

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= +∆
1.2.1. Exposure Class → 3
1.2.2. Minimum Cover,
,
= ,
10
Where:
 Assuming the diameter of reinforcement bar to be used is 12 ,
 Environmental Requirement for , = 10 (see EBCS 2, 2015.Table 4.4N
Structural Class S 1)
, 12
⟹ = , = 10
10 10
= 12
1.2.3.∆ (allowance in Design for Variation) the national Annex recommended value is
10mm
1.2.4.Nominal cover, :
⟹ = +∆ = 12 + 10 = 22
Step-2: Determine Material Property:
2.1.Compression strength concrete:
0.85
30⁄37 , = 30 ⇒ = = 17
2.2. Tensile strength concrete at 28 days equation:
⁄
= 0.3 = 2.9

2.3.Strength for Steel in tension and compression

= 400 ⇒ = = 347.83

2.9
0.26
= max = max 0.26 400 = 0.00189
0.0013 0.0013
⇒ = 0.00189

= 0.04
Step-3: Depth Determination: Serviceability requirement

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 Block width= 400

 width of the web, , = 80
 ⁄ = 400
 Thickness of Topping, :

50
≥ 1 1
= (400) = 40
10 10

= 50

3.1. Depth of joists:

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Where:
⁄
= 11 + 1.5 + 3.2 −1 ≤

1
= 11 + 1.5 + >
− 12

√30
= = = 0.00548 = 0.548%
1000 1000

= 0.5% ( : 2015)

⁄
= 11 + 1.5 + 3.2 −1 = 0.5% ≤ = 0.548%

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

0.548
= 11 + 1.5√30 = 20
0.5
500 500
= = = 1.25 , =1
400
= 1 − 0.1 ⁄ − 1) = 0.79 ≥ 0.8
=1

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ = ∗ 20 ∗ 1.25 ∗ 1 ∗ 1 = 25

In ribbed slab, we say one way ribbed slab or two way ribbed slab depending on the
arrangement of the rib. We use one way ribbed slab for sixth floor. Let we take for maximum
length L which is 7 = 7000 End panel (K=1.3 or see EBCS EN 1992-1-1 2015, Table
7.4N)

= 25 = 1.3 ∗ 25 = 32.5
7000
≥ =
= 215.38
⁄ 32.5
Table 3. 1: Summary of Minimum effective depth each panel for sixth floor slab

Panels ∗ ⁄ ( ) ( )
S-1 20 1.3 26 32.5 4250 130.77
S-2 20 1.3 26 32.5 7000 215.38
S-3 20 1.3 26 32.5 7000 215.38
S-4 20 1.3 26 32.5 7000 215.38
S-5 20 1.3 26 32.5 4250 130.77
S-6 20 1.5 30 37.5 4250 113.33
S-7 20 1.5 30 37.5 7000 186.67
S-8 20 1.5 30 37.5 7000 186.67
S-9 20 1.3 26 32.5 7000 215.38
S-10 20 1.3 26 32.5 2500 76.92
S-11 20 1.5 30 37.5 2500 66.67
S-12 20 1.5 30 37.5 2500 66.67
S-13 20 1.3 26 32.5 3200 98.46
CS-1 20 0.4 8 12.42 1400 112.72

The governing depth the, = 215.38

12
= 215.38 + 22 + = 243.38
2

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

243.38
, ≥ ⇒ = 250
50 + 200 = 250
, = 250
Over all depth, ℎ = 270
= 0.4 < 1.5 (Ok as per specification)

ℎ, , = 40 + 40 = 80 > 70
( per speci ication )
= 80
Step-4: Loading
For concrete blocks the self weight of the blocks and the concrete ribs. Dead Load includes loads
from ribbed slab plus loads from internal partitions if available on the panel area.
4.1. Dead loads:
4.1.1.Self-weight:
 − ℎ = 0.08 ∗ 0.21 ∗ 25 ⁄ = 0.42 ⁄
 − ℎ = 0.05 ∗ 0.4 ∗ 25 ⁄ = 0.5 ⁄
 − ℎ = [(0.4 ∗ 0.03 + (0.32 ∗ 0.02) + (3 ∗ 0.02 ∗ 0.2) ∗ 14 ⁄
= 0.482 ⁄
 Summation of self-weight = 0.5 + 0.42 + 0.482 = 1.402 /
4.1.2.Floor finishing and plastering:
 3mm cement tile = 0.003 ∗ 0.4 ∗ 25 = 0.03 ⁄
 30mm cement screed = 0.03 ∗ 0.4 ∗ 25 = 0.3 ⁄
 25cm thick plastering = 0.025 ∗ 0.4 ∗ 25 = 0.25 ⁄
 PVC tile floor finishing= 0.002 ∗ 0.4 ∗ 16 ⁄ = 0.0128 ⁄
 Summation of cement tile floor finishing& plastering = 0.03 + 0.3 + 0.25 +
0.0128 = 0.593 ⁄
4.2.Live load
Live loads for Panel S-1= 2.0 ⁄ (see EBCS-1 Part 1-1:2015, Table 6.2 Page 13)
Distributing live loads over the rib length = 2.0 ⁄ ∗ (0.4 + 0.08 ) =
0.96 ⁄
4.3.Design load:
= 1.35 + 1.50

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

 Design loads: dead load without partition, = 2.055 ⁄

 Dead load from partition loads are listed on the above Table 3.2
 Load combinations-Comb-1= 1.35( ) + 1.50
Table 3. 2: Load Computation of Ribbed Slab

Planes Self-weight HCB Floor finish and plastering Live Load Partition load
( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ )
S-1 1.402 0.593 0.96 2.62 7.67
S-2 1.402 0.593 0.96 2.47 7.47
S-3 1.402 0.593 1.92 0.00 5.57
S-4 1.402 0.593 1.44 0.20 5.12
S-5 1.402 0.593 1.44 0.55 5.60
S-6 1.402 0.593 0.96 0.27 4.50
S-7 1.402 0.593 1.44 0.20 5.12
S-8 1.402 0.593 1.92 0.18 5.82
S-9 1.402 0.593 0.96 0.19 4.39
S-10 1.402 0.593 1.44 0.00 4.85
S-11 1.402 0.593 1.44 0.00 4.85
S-12 1.402 0.593 1.44 0.00 4.85
S-13 1.402 0.593 1.44 0.29 5.24
CS-1 1.402 0.593 1.44 0.00 4.85

Step-5: Arrangement of blocks

the use one cross rib for live loads> 3 ⁄ and spans from 4 – 7 m ( = 1). Since the roof
contains hidden beams the distance c measured from the centerline is taken from 300 – 700 mm.
Let us assume that clear span for the blocks are 0.6 – 1.0m less than centerline distance.

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Figure 3. 4: Fifth and Sixth Floor Ribbed Slab and arrangement the blocks
5.1.Arrangement of the blocks in X-direction

Having determined the dimension of the solid parts, the clear length of the blocks can be attained
as shown in Figure 3.4. For example, in the case of using 400 × 240 × 240 blocks
in a one – way slab, the clear distance in the rib direction equal to
= 240 + 80
Where: = =
The clear distance in the perpendicular direction equals
= 400 + 80( − 1)
= 480 − 80
Where: = ℎ . The number of ribs = −1
5.1.1. Exterior bay
Let + = 300 + 300 = 600
= 8500 − 600 = 7900

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

240 + 80 = 7900
Where: = = =1
7900 − 80
240 + 80 ∗ 1 = 7900 ⇒ = = 33
240
= 300 ( ) = 300 ( ℎ )
5.1.2. Interior bay
Assume = 300 ( )
= 8500 − + = 8500 − (300 + 300) = 7900
240 + 80 = 2600 ℎ , =
7900 − 80
240 + 80 ∗ 1 = 7900 ⇒ = = 33
240
= 4250 − + = 4250 − (300 + 300) = 3650
240 + 80 = 3650 ℎ , =
36500 − 80
240 + 80 ∗ 1 = 3650 ⇒ = = 15
240
5.2. Arrangement of the blocks in Y-direction
Assume + = 400
= 7000 −2 = 7000 − 2(200) = 6600
If we assume that = . , ℎ ℎ =( − 1)
400 + 80( − 1) = 6600
6600 + 80
6600 = 480 − 80 ⇒ = = 23.86
480
Step-6: Design of Ribs

6.1.Calculation of the bending moment in Ribs

Analysis was done by SAP2000 and the load arrengment. To find the maximum flexture, we use
different live load application cases. But to find the reactions we loaded the live load on full
sections

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6.2. Section B-B

5.82 ⁄ 5.60 ⁄
4.50 5.12 4.39
4.5 ⁄

4.25m 8.50m 8.50m 8.50m 4.25m

BMD (KN.m)
Loads transferred to the corresponding beam Axis 1 - 2 , 2 - 3 , 3 - 4 ,4 – 5and 5- 6.

From SAP200 Analysis result we obtained

= 19.40 .
= 37.84 .

, = 26.55

6.2.1. Design of rib critical section (Section B-B)

12
= 270 − 22 − = 242
2
1) Minimum reinforcement areas at support
2.9
0.26 0.26 ∗ 80 ∗ 242 = 36.49
, = = 400
0.0013 0.0013 ∗ 80 ∗ 242 = 25.17

, = 36.49
2) Reinforcement at interior support

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

This support is subjected to a negative bending moment ( = 37.84 ), thus the rib will
be designed as rectangular section.

37.84 × 10
= = = 0.2692
80 ∗ (242) ∗ 30
 For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 148.16

 Area of reinforcement bars due to = 37.84 ⁄ :

= ≥ ,

37.84 × 10
= = 734.29 ⁄ > , !
(347.83) ∗ 148.16

= 734.29 2

( ⁄ )
Checking the depth for flexure:
= 37.84 .
=

100 100 ∗ 791

= = = 0.4086%
80 ∗ 242

⁄
= 11 + 1.5 + 3.2 −1 = 0.409% ≤ = 0.548%

0.548 ⁄
= 11 + 1.5√30 + 3.2 −1
0.409

= [11 + 11.01] >

= 22

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ = 1.3 ∗ 22 ∗ 1.25 ∗ 1 ∗ 1 = 35.76

4250
d≥ = 118.84mm
35.76

h = 118.84 + 22 + 6 = 146.84 < D = 270mm OK!

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

3) Reinforcement at Mid-span as a T-section

This span 3-4 is subjected to a positive bending moment, = 19.40 , the compression
flange form a T-section as shown in the figure.

= 400

50mm
270 mm

= 6.42

400 mm

, = 80
The effective flange width, :

= + ,

= + + = + 2[0.2 + 0.1 ](≤ + 2(0.2 )

Where:
400 − 80
= = 160
2

= 0.70 = 0.7 ∗ 4250 = 2975

= + 2[0.2 + 0.1 ] = 80 + 2[(0.2 ∗ 160) + (0.1 ∗ 2975)]

= 442

+ 2(0.2 ) = 80 + 2(0.2 ∗ 2975) = 1270

Which both exceed the rib spacing of 400mm, which governs

Minimum reinforcement areas

2.9
0.26 0.26 ∗ 400 ∗ 242 = 182.47
, = = 400
0.0013 0.0013 ∗ 400 ∗ 242 = 125.84

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

, = 182.47

19.40 × 10
= = = 0.02761
400 ∗ (242) ∗ 30

Therefore, the lever –arm, z

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 235.96

,
∗ (12)
⇒ , = = = 113
4 4
Reinforcement area:
19.40 × 10
= = = 236.35 > ,
347.87 ∗ 235.96

⇒ = 236.35

, , =
At the section where the ribs terminate: this occurs 0.4m from the centerline of the support
and the moment may be hogging so that 80mm ribs must provide the concrete are in
compression to resist the design moment. The maximum moment of resistance of the
concrete is
= 0.167 = 0.167 ∗ 30 ∗ 80 ∗ (242) × 10
= 23.47
Which must be greater than the moment at this section, therefore compression steel is not
required.

4) Reinforcement at Mid-span as a T-section (Span 2-3 ) :

This span 2-3 are subjected to a positive bending , = 18.65 , the compression
flange form a T-section.
18.65 × 10
= = = 0.02654
400 ∗ (242) ∗ 30
 For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 236.20

 The area of span steel is obtained by,

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

= ≥ ,

18.65 × 10
= = 227 ⁄ > , !
(347.83) ∗ 236.2
= 227 2

( ⁄ )

5) Reinforcement in the Topping flange or slabs:

Light reinforcing mesh should be provided in the top of the flange.

, = 0.0018 = 0.0018 ∗ 400 ∗ 50 = 36 ⁄

400 ∗ 28.27
= = = 314.11
36

3ℎ = 3 ∗ 50 = 150
≤ ⇒ = 150
400

⇒ ⁄

6.2.2. Design for shear

Assume that the width of column is 400mm.

6.2.2.1. Check for crushing of the concrete strut at the maximum shear force
Maximum shear is in spans 2-3 and 3-4 at support 3.
 At the face of the supports
= 26.55 − ∗ ℎ ⁄2
= 26.55 − ((5.12 + 5.82) ∗ 0.40⁄2) = 24.36
 Crushing strength(shear capacity of concrete) , , of diagonal strut, assuming angle
= 22 , = 2.5 is
, = 0.124 (1 − ⁄250)
= 0.124 ∗ 80 ∗ 242 ∗ (1 − 30⁄250) ∗ 30

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= 63.38 > = 24.36

Therefore angle = 22 = 2.5 for all shear calculations.
6.2.2.2. Shear reinforcement
(i) shear reinforcement in end span at support 3
 At distance ‘d’ from face of support the design shear is = 24.36 −
.
5.82 ∗ + 0.242 = 19.52

19.52 × 10
= = = 0.10344
0.78 0.78 ∗ 242 ∗ 400 ∗ 2.5

2(50.27)
⇒ = = 972
0.10344

(ii) Shear reinforcement in end spans at support 5

Shear distance d from face of support is
= 16.06
Therefore:
16.06 × 10
= = = 0.08511
0.78 0.78 ∗ 242 ∗ 400 ∗ 2.5

Assume stirrups diameter 8mm used, area of 8 mm = 50.27

= 2 ∗ 50.27 = 100.54

2(50.27)
⇒ = = 1181
0.08511

(iii) Minimum shear reinforcement

. .
, 0.08 0.08 ∗ (30) ∗ 80
= = = 0.08764
400

2(50)
⇒ = = 1147
0.08764

Provide ⁄

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⁄ 970
ℎ ⁄ 150

50mm
270 mm

200mm

3 320 mm 30mm
80
400mm

Mid span Section

⁄ 970
ℎ ⁄ 150

50mm
270 mm

200mm

3 320 mm 20mm
80
400mm

Support Section

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 3. 3: Reinforcement of Ribbed slab design

Strip positi Moment Z , , Proved , Provided shear
on (KN.m) ( ) ( ) (mm) ( ) ( ) bar ( ) (KN) reinforcement
bars
Span 4.00 400 242 240.78 182.27 47.76 2 25.98 316.88 No need
Sup. 38.19 80 242 145.67 36.49 153.70 2 25.98 63.38 ⁄ 970
Span 29.34 400 242 232.74 182.27 362.43 3 32.49 316.88 No need
Supp. 43.82 80 242 159.24 36.49 191.16 2 33.80 63.88 No need
A-A span 14.56 400 242 237.49 182.27 176.25 2 26.24 316.88
Supp. 33.81 80 242 168.10 36.49 178.25 2 23.89 63.38
span 19.42 400 242 235.95 182.27 236.62 3 22.22 316.88
Supp. 25.89 80 242 192.61 36.49 386.44 2 24.09 63.38
span 3.50 400 242 240.93 182.27 41.76 2 18.69 316.88
Span 2.26 400 242 241.31 182.27 26.93 2 5.85 316.88
Supp. 23.74 80 242 197.93 36.49 344.83 2 24.81 63.38 No need
Span 18.66 400 242 236.19 182.27 227.13 3 21.50 316.88 No need
Supp. 37.84 80 242 148.16 36.49 134.29 2 26.55 63.38
B-B Span 19.40 400 242 235.96 182.27 236.37 3 21.50 316.88 No need
Span 15.03 400 242 237.35 182.27 182.06 2 18.64 316.88
Supp. 21.38 80 242 203.37 36.49 302.24 3 21.57 63.38
span 4.77 400 242 240.54 182.27 57.01 1 7.57 316.88
Span 1.60 400 242 241.51 182.27 19.05 3 4.14 316.88
Span 23.79 400 242 234.55 182.27 291.61 3 23.42 316.88 No need
C-C Supp. 17.16 80 242 212.30 36.49 232.38 2 20.59 6.3.38
Span 3.67 400 242 240.88 182.27 43.80 2 19.15 316.88
D-D Supp. 27.89 80 242 187.28 36.49 428.14 2 23.16 63.38
span 21.19 400 242 235.38 182.27 258.81 3 19.15 316.88

Step-7: Design of hidden Beam

7.1. Hidden Beam (B-1)

The slab over the hidden beam will be increased by 50mm, ℎ = 300
= 600
The self-weight of the beam= 0.6 ∗ 0.30 ∗ 25 ⁄ = 4.5 ⁄
But this weight should subtracted from the self-weight of the blocks
Self-weight of the block = 0.482 ∗ 0.6 = 0.2892 ⁄
Net weight= 4.5 − 0.2892 = 4.2108 ⁄ ,
Factored net weight = 1.35 ∗ 4.2108 = 5.6846 ⁄
= ∗ + ℎ = (12.42 ∗ 4.25) + 5.6846 = 58.47 ⁄

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7.2. Analysis
7.2.1. Design for flexure , B-1
58.47 ⁄

7.0 m 2.5 m 7.0 m 7.0m

a) BMD (KN.m)

b) SFD (KN)

Figure 3. 5: Hidden Beam, B-1

7.2.1.1. Determine Reinforcement Bars,:

All span and support in the hidden beam are rectangular sections. Assuming cover of 30mm.
a) At support D:
= = 327.43 ( )
= 300 − 30 = 270

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

327.43 × 10
= = = 0.2495
600 ∗ (270) ∗ 30

 For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 181.73

 The area of tension steel is obtained by:

327.43 × 10
= =
(347.83) ∗ 181.73

= 5179.86 2⁄

(24 ) ∗
, , = = 452.39
4

5179.86
= = + 1 = 12
452.39

Therefore, provide ( ) bars in to one row

b) Check minimum and maximum reinforcements:

 Minimum reinforcement:
2.9
0.26 0.26 ∗ 600 ∗ 270 = 305.37
, = = 400
0.0013 0.0013 ∗ 600 ∗ 270 = 210.60

, = 305.37

 Maximum reinforcement:

A , = 0.04A = (0.04)(600 ∗ 270) = 6480 mm

Therefore, the provide reinforcement,A , . = 5429 between the maximum and

minimum reinforcement.

, ≤ , < , ⇒ 305.37 mm ≤ 5429 < 6480 mm ok!

Provide 12 ϕ (5429 ) bars in one layer placed at bottom

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c) At Span CD :
= = 140.97
140.97 × 10
= = = 0.10743
600 ∗ (270) ∗ 30

 For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 241.39

= ≥ ,

140.97 × 10
=
(347.83) ∗ 241.39

= 1678.96 2⁄

(20 ) ∗
, , = = 314
4
1678.96
= = +1=6
314
Therefore, provide ( )
Table 3. 4: the design of other critical section is summarized in the following table for
hidden Beam 1
Support Moment k Z , Provide
(KN.m) ( ) (mm) ( ) reinforcement Stirrups

B 258.48 270 8
0.19698 209.58 3545.80
C 125.11 270 5
0.09534 244.98 1468.23
D 327.43 270
0.24953 181.73 5179.86
Span

AB 242.01 270 177.46 9 ⁄ 220

0.18442 3916.14
BC - 270 2 ⁄ 130
- - 305.37
CD 140.97 270 4 ⁄ 130
0.10743 241.39 1678.96
DE 213.80 270 0.16293 223.04 2755.88 7 ⁄ 130

7.2.1.2. Design for shear

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Assume that the width of column is 400mm.

242.72

215.24

( )

141.39
168.87

a) Check for crushing of the concrete strut at the maximum shear force
Maximum shear is in spans AB and BC at support B.
 At the face of the supports
= 242.72 − ∗ ℎ ⁄2
= 242.72 − 58.47 ∗ 0.4 2 = 231.03
 Crushing strength(shear capacity of concrete) , , of diagonal strut, assuming angle
= 22 , = 2.5 is

, = 0.124 1− 250 = 353.55 > = 231.03

Therefore angle = 22 = 2.5 for all shear calculations.

b) Shear reinforcement
i) Shear reinforcement in end span at support A & B
 At distance ‘d’ from face of support the design shear is = 242.72 −
.
58.47 ∗ + 0.27 = 215.24

215.24 ∗ 10
= = = 1.02203
0.78 0.78 ∗ 270 ∗ 400 ∗ 2.5

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2(78.54)
⇒ = = 153.69
1.02203

Provide ⁄

ii) Shear reinforcement in end spans at support A

Shear distance d from face of support is
= 168.87 − 58.47 ∗ (0.2 + 0.27) = 141.39
Therefore:
141.39 × 10
= = = 0.67136
0.78 0.78 ∗ 270 ∗ 400 ∗ 2.5

Assume stirrups diameter 8 mm used, area of 8 mm = 50.27

= 2 ∗ 50.27 = 100.54
100.54
⇒ = = 149.75
0.677136
Provide ⁄
iii) Minimum shear reinforcement

.
, 0.08 0.08 ∗ (30) . ∗ 400
= = = 0.4382
400

2(50.27)
⇒ = = 229.45
0.4382

Provide ⁄

The shear resistance of the stirrups actually specified is

= ∗ 0.78 = 0.4382 ∗ 0.78 ∗ 270 ∗ 400 × 10

= 36.91

iv) Extent of shear reinforcement

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

 Shear reinforcement are required over a distance from the face of the supports to the
point on the shear force diagram where the shear can be resisted by = 36.91 as
provided by the minimum stirrups.
For the face of the end supports Bthe distance is
− 215.24 − 36.91
= − 0.20 = − 0.20 = 2.85
58.47
For the interior support D

− 149.75 − 36.91
= − 0.20 = − 0.20 = 1.730
58.47

7.2.2. Hidden beam (B-2)

The slab over the hidden beam will be increased by 50mm, ℎ = 300
= 600
The self-weight of the beam= 0.6 ∗ 0.30 ∗ 25 ⁄ = 4.5 ⁄
But this weight should subtracted from the self-weight of the blocks
Self-weight of the block = 0.482 ∗ 0.6 = 0.2892 ⁄
Net weight= 4.5 − 0.2892 = 4.2108 ⁄ ,
Factored net weight = 1.35 ∗ 4.2108 = 5.6846 ⁄
= ∗ + ℎ = (12.42 ∗ 7) + 5.6846 = 92.62 ⁄
92.62 ⁄

7.0 m 7.0 m

a) BMD (KN.m)

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

b) SFD (KN)

Figure 3. 6: Hidden Beam, B-2

7.2.2.1. Determine Reinforcement Bars,:
All span and support in the hidden beam are rectangular sections. Assuming cover of 30mm.
using equation method.
7.2.2.1.1. At support B:
= = 566.25 ( )
= 300 − 30 = 270

4
= 0.5 − − = 0.01455 ≤ = 0.04 !

347.83
= = 0.01455 = 0.2976
17

= 1− = (1 + 1−2 )
2 2
0.2976
= 1− = 1− ∗ 270 = 229.82
2 2
The area of tension steel is obtained by,

566.25 × 10
= = = 7083.68
347.83 ∗ 229.82

(24 ) ∗
, , = = 452
4

7083.68
= = + 1 = 16
452

Therefore, provide ( ) bars in to one row

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7.2.2.1.2.Check minimum and maximum reinforcements:

 Minimum reinforcement:

f (2.9)(600 ∗ 270)
bd
0.26 = 0.26 = 305.37mm
A , = max f 400
0.0013bd = 0.0013 ∗ 600 ∗ 270 = 210.60mm

A , = 305.37 mm
 Maximum reinforcement:

A , = 0.04A = (0.04)(600 ∗ 270) = 6480 mm

Therefore, the provide reinforcement,A , . = 7232 between the maximum and

minimum reinforcement.

, ≤ , < , ⇒ 305.37 mm ≤ 7232 < 6480mm ok!

Provide 16 ϕ (7232 ) bars in one layer placed at bottom

7.2.2.1.3.At Span AB & BC:

= = 320.60

4
= 0.5 − − = 0.03072 ≤ = 0.04 !

347.83
= = 0.03072 = 0.6285
17

= 1− = (1 + 1−2 )
2 2
0.6285
= 1− = 1− ∗ 270 = 185.15
2 2

320.6 × 10
= = = 4978.26
347.83 ∗ 180.15

(24 ) ∗
, , = = 452
4

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4978.26
= = + 1 = 12
452

Therefore, provide
7.2.3. Design for shear
Assume that the width of column is 400mm.
7.2.3.1. Check for crushing of the concrete strut at the maximum shear force
Maximum shear is in spans AB and BC at support B.
 At the face of the supports
ℎ
= 406.21 − ∗ 2

= 406.21 − 92.62 ∗ 0.4 2 = 387.69

 Crushing strength(shear capacity of concrete) ,V , of diagonal strut, assuming
angle = 22 , = 2.5 is

, = 0.124 1− 250

= 0.124 ∗ 600 ∗ 270 ∗ 1 − 30 250 ∗ 30

= 530.32 > = 387.69

Therefore angle = 22 = 2.5 for all shear calculations.

7.2.3.2. Shear reinforcement
(i) shear reinforcement in end span at support A & C
 At distance ‘d’ from face of support the design shear is = 244.43 −
.
92.62 ∗ + 0.27 = 200.90

200.9 × 10
= = = 0.954
0.78 0.78 ∗ 270 ∗ 400 ∗ 2.5

2(50.27)
⇒ = = 105.39
0.954

Provide ⁄

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(ii) Shear reinforcement in end spans at support B

Shear distance d from face of support is
= 406.21 − 92.62 ∗ (0.2 + 0.27) = 362.68
Therefore:
362.68 × 10
= = = 1.72213
0.78 0.78 ∗ 270 ∗ 400 ∗ 2.5

Assume stirrups diameter 10mm used , area of 10mm = 78.54

= 2 ∗ 78.54 = 157.08

157.08
⇒ = = 91.21
1.72212

Provide ⁄

(iii)Minimum shear reinforcement

.
, 0.08 0.08 ∗ (30) . ∗ 600
= = = 0.657
400

2(50.27)
⇒ = = 152.15
0.657

Provide ⁄
The shear resistance of the stirrups actually specified is

= ∗ 0.78 = 0.657 ∗ 0.78 ∗ 270 ∗ 400 × 10

= 55.35
(iv) Extent of shear reinforcement
 Shear reinforcement are required over a distance from the face of the supports to the
point on the shear force diagram where the shear can be resisted by = 138.36 as
provided by the minimum stirrups.
For the face of the end supports A and C the distance is

− 194.84 − 55.35
= − 0.30 = − 0.30 = 1.39
82.47

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For the interior support B

− 324.72 − 55.35
= − 0.30 = − 0.30 = 2.97
82.47

7.2.4. Hidden beam (B-3)

The slab over the hidden beam will be increased by 50mm, ℎ = 300
= 600
The self-weight of the beam= 0.6 ∗ 0.30 ∗ 25 ⁄ = 4.50 ⁄
But this weight should subtracted from the self-weight of the blocks
Self-weight of the block = 0.482 ∗ 0.6 = 0.2892 ⁄
Net weight= 4.5 − 0.2892 = 4.21 ⁄ ,
Factored net weight = 1.35 ∗ 4.21 = 5.685 ⁄
= ∗ + ℎ = (12.42 ∗ 4.25) + 5.685 = 58.47 ⁄

58.47 ⁄

4.25m 8.5m 8.5m 8.50m 4.25m

a) BMD (KN.m)

b) SFD (KN)

Figure 3. 7: Hidden Beam, B-3

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Table 3. 5: the design of other critical section is summarized in the following table for hidden
Beam 2
Support Moment k Z , Provide Shear reinforcement
(KN.m) ( ) (mm) ( ) reinforcement
2,5 273.86 270 0.20870 204.34 3853.03 9
3,4 369.90 270 0.28189 145.16 7325.86 17

Span
1-2 30.92 270 0.24953 181.73 5179.86 12 ⁄ 220
2-3 210.13 270 0.02356 177.66 500.36 2 ⁄ 220
3-4 159.28 270 0.16014 224.05 2696.30 6 ⁄ 220
4-5 210.13 270 0.12138 237.09 1931.46 5 ⁄ 220
5-6 30.92 270 0.24020 187.76 3217.54 8 ⁄ 220

7.2.5. Hidden beam (B-4)

The slab over the hidden beam will be increased by 50mm, ℎ = 300
= 600
The self-weight of the beam= 0.6 ∗ 0.30 ∗ 25 ⁄ = 4.5 ⁄
But this weight should subtracted from the self-weight of the blocks
Self-weight of the block = 0.482 ∗ 0.6 = 0.2892 ⁄
Net weight= 4.5 − 0.2892 = 4.2108 ⁄ ,
Factored net weight = 1.35 ∗ 4.2108 = 5.6846 ⁄
= ∗ + ℎ = (12.42 ∗ 4.25) + 5.6846 = 58.62 ⁄

58.62 ⁄

4.25m 8.50 m 4.25m 4.25m

a) BMD (KN.m)

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b) SFD (KN)
Figure 3. 8: Hidden Beam, B-4
Table 3. 6: the design of other critical section is summarized in the following table for
hidden Beam 4
Support Moment k Z , Provide Shear reinforcement
(KN.m) ( ) (mm) ( ) reinforcement
2 329.85 270 0.25137 180.45 5255.34 12
3 202.53 270 0.15434 226.12 2575.03 6
4 532.38 270 0.40572 164.11 9326.75 18

Span
1-2 18.72 270 0.018168 265.60 344.07 2 ⁄ 220
2-3 268.09 270 0.023777 264.21 452.66 2 ⁄ 220
3-4 - 270 - - 407.16 2 ⁄ 220

4-5 - 270 - - 407.16 2

3.3. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SOLID SLAB

The slab design of each contains the different parts of design procedures or principles
(deflection, load determination, analysis and design parts, shear Transformation are determined).

The slabs are designed using different techniques of analyzing load transfer to the panel that is
using;
 Stip method
 Yield line method for corresponding supporting condition of the slab.

This all is done in order to be economical in design. Two-way slabs are a form of construction
unique to reinforced concrete, among the major structural materials. It is an efficient,
economical, and widely used structural system.

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3.3.1. Design and analysis of fourth floor slab

Figure 3. 9: Fourth floor slab layout

3.3.1.1.Determine Depth for Deflection Requirement

Appropriate limiting values of deflection taking into account the nature of the structure, of the
finishes, partitions and fixings and upon the function of the structure should be established.
These limiting values are given on ES EN-2, 1992-1-1:2015 (or see the equation 2.1 and 2.2).

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Table 3. 7: Type slabs for Fourth floor

Panels ( ) ( ) ⁄ Types of solid slab

S-1 7.00 4.25 1.65 Two –way

S-2 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two –way
S-3 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two -way
S-4 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two –way
S-5 7.00 4.25 1.65 Two –way
S-6 7.00 4.25 1.65 Two –way
S-7 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two-way
S-8 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two-way
S-9 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two-way
S-10 4.25 2.50 1.70 Two-way
S-11 8.50 2.50 3.40 One-way
S-12 4.25 2.50 1.70 Two-way
S-13 7.65 3.20 2.39 One-way
CS-1 14.00 1.40 10.00 One-way

Sample calculation span depth ratio.

a) Depth determination: Serviceability requirement used equation (2.1).

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
Where:
⁄
= 11 + 1.5 + 3.2 −1 ≤

1 ′
= 11 + 1.5 ′
+ >
− 12

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Where:
√30
= = = 0.00548 = 0.548%
1000 1000
= 0.5% ( : 2015)
⁄
= 11 + 1.5 + 3.2 −1 = 0.5 % ≤ = 0.548 %

= 11 + 9 + 0.5213 = 20.53

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500 500
= = = 1.25 , =1 =1
400

⇒ = 20.52 ∗ 1 ∗ 1 ∗ 1.25 ∗ = 25.66

End panel S-1: (K=1.3 , See Table A-2 )

= 25.66 = 25.66 ∗ 1.3 = 33.36

= = 4.25 = 4250
4250
≥ = = 127.40
⁄ 33.36

Interior Panel S-7 ( = . , − )

= 25.66 = 25.66 ∗ 1.5 = 38.49

= = 7.0 = 7000
7000
≥ = = 181.86
⁄ 38.49
Table 3. 8: Summary of Minimum effective depth each panel for fourth slab

Panels N K K*N ⁄ ( ) ( )
S-1 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 4250 127.39
S-2 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 7000 209.82
S-3 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 7000 209.82
S-4 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 7000 209.82
S-5 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 4250 127.39
S-6 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 4250 110.41
S-7 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 7000 181.85
S-8 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 7000 129.90
S-9 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 7000 209.82
S-10 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 2500 74.94
S-11 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 2500 64.95
S-12 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 2500 64.95
S-13 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 3200 95.92
CS-1 20.53 0.4 8.212 10.26 1400 136.45

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3.3.1.2.Concrete cover design

Design for corrosion: 30⁄37 → Exposure class is 3 (see EBCS -2 EN 1992-1.1:2015,
Table 3E.1N)
a) The nominal cove , :
= +∆
= +∆ = 10 + 10 = 20
b) Cover Design for fire
- Cover Design: FIRE: Panel S-4, = 7.00 , = 8.50 ⇒ ⁄ = 1.22
→ 120 = 20 (see Table A-1)
c) Governing cover for: → =
Take the governing depth = 209.82
Ceiling plaster = 2cm = 0.02m
Cement screw = 4.8 = 0.048
ϕ reinforcement bars
3 mm PVC ties
d) Depth of Slab, h:
h = + + ⁄2 = 234.82
=
3.3.1.3. Loading

The slab is loaded both by dead load and live load that we obtain from self-weight of the slab
and partion load. The dead load comes from the slabs self-weight, floor finish, cement screed,
plastering and partion wall. The live load is based on category of the structure stated given
EBCS-1, 2015
Sample calculation for design load
For Panel S-1 ( = 4.25 , = 7.0 )
i) Partition wall
Length = 5.21
15cm HCB = 16 ⁄
Clear height = 3.52
2.5cm Plastering = 23 ⁄

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Total Partition Load = [(0.15 × 16 × 3.52) +(2× 0.0025 × 23 × 3.52)] ×

5.21/(4.25 × 7 ) = 1.55 ⁄
Length = 3.62
15Cm HCB = 16 ⁄ 3
Clear height= 3.52
2.5cm Plastering = 23 ⁄ 3
3mm PVC ties = 16 ⁄
Total Partition Load = [(0.15 × 16 × 3.52) +( 2× 0.0025 × 23 × 3.52)] ×
3.62/(4.25 × 7 ) = 1.07 ⁄
Total Partition Load = 1.55 ⁄ + 1.07 ⁄ = 2.62 ⁄
ii) Self-weight of 240mm RC slab= 0.24 × 25 ⁄ =6 ⁄
iii) ℎ = ( 0.02 × 23 ⁄ ) + ( 0.048 × 23 ⁄ )+(0.003*16)
= 1.612 ⁄
iv) ( )=6 ⁄ + 1.612 + 2.62 = 10.23 ⁄
v) Live Load( ) = 2.0 ⁄
vi) , = 1.35 + 1.5 = 16.81 ⁄

Table 3. 9: Load Computation of Solid Slab for fourth floor

Panels Self-weight slab Floor finish and Partition Dead Load Live Load
( ⁄ ) plastering load ( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ )
( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ )
S-1 6.00 1.612 2.62 10.23 2.00 16.81
S-2 6.00 1.612 2.47 10.08 2.00 16.61
S-3 6.00 1.612 0.00 7.61 4.00 16.28
S-4 6.00 1.612 0.20 7.81 2.00 13.54
S-5 6.00 1.612 0.55 8.16 2.00 14.02
S-6 6.00 1.612 0.27 7.88 2.00 13.64
S-7 6.00 1.612 0.20 7.81 2.00 13.55
S-8 6.00 1.612 0.18 7.79 4.00 16.52
S-9 6.00 1.612 0.00 7.61 4.00 16.28
S-10 6.00 1.612 0.19 7.80 2.00 13.53
S-11 6.00 1.612 0.00 7.61 3.00 14.78
S-12 6.00 1.612 0.00 7.61 3.00 14.78
S-13 6.00 1.612 0.29 7.90 4.00 16.67
CS-1 6.00 1.612 0.00 7.61 4.00 16.28

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3.3.1.4. Calculation of Design Moment using coefficient Method for Fourth floor Slabs

The bending moment coefficients have been obtained from a theoretical elastic analysis and
adjusted in the light of experimental data. The panel is considered as divided in each direction
into middle strip and edge strips of width three-quarter and one eight of the panel.

For Panel S-5 = 4.25 , =7 = 1.65

Ly=7.0m

Lx=4.25
m
= 0.084 = 0.084 = 21.58 . ⁄
= 0.063 = 0.063 ⎫ = 16.18 . ⁄
⇒ ⁄
= 0.045 = 0.045⎬ × 14.02 × (4.25) ⇒
= 11.56 . ⁄
= 0.034 = 0.034⎭ = 8.73 . ⁄

Panel S-11 = 2.5 , = 8.5 = 8.5 ⁄2.5 = 3.4 > 2 → it is one way slab,

since it is one way slab analyzed as beam.

14.78 ⁄

2.5m

14.78 ∗ (2.5 )
= = = 7.41
12 12

14.78 ∗ (2.5 )
= = = 3.84
24 24

14.72 ∗ 2.5
= = = 18.39
2 2

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Other slabs are also calculated in the same procedure and tabulated 3.10 below.

Table 3. 10: Moments for individual slab panels

Panel ( ) ⁄ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
S-1 4.25 1.65 0.079 0.059 0.037 0.028 19.89 14.86 9.32 7.05
S-2 7.00 1.21 0.064 0.045 0.048 0.034 42.43 29.83 31.82 22.54
S-4 7.00 1.21 0.056 0.042 0.037 0.028 36.99 27.74 24.44 18.49
S-5 4.25 1.65 0.084 0.063 0.045 0.034 21.58 16.18 11.56 8.73
S-6 4.25 1.65 0.056 0.042 0.032 0.024 10.95 8.22 6.26 4.69
S-7 7.00 1.21 0.043 0.032 0.032 0.024 31.29 23.28 23.28 17.46
S-9 7.00 1.21 0.056 0.037 0.042 0.028 42.12 27.83 31.59 21.10
S-10 2.50 1.70 0.061 0.046 0.037 0.028 5.61 4.23 3.40 2.57
S-12 2.50 1.70 0.057 0.043 0.032 0.024 5.42 3.95 2.94 2.21

3.3.1.5. Calculation of design moment for cantilever slab

Panel- CS-1: = 16.28 ⁄ , ⁄ = 14⁄1.4 = 10 > 2 → it is one way slab, since it

is one way slab analyzed as cantilever beam.

16.28 ⁄

1.4

16.28 ∗ (1.4 )
= = = 15.89
2 2

= = 16.28 ∗ 1.4 = 22.69

3.3.1.6.Moment calculation using strip method

3.3.1.6.1. Panel-3

W = W = 16.28 KN⁄m

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1.80m

7m

2m

8.5m

Figure 3. 10: Strip Method for fourth floor for Panel S- 3

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

⁄2 ⁄2
⁄2 ⁄2

⁄2 ⁄2
⁄

A A

⁄
⁄

⁄2 ⁄2

⁄2 ⁄2
⁄2 ⁄2

⁄2 ⁄2
( − ) ⁄

B B

1.75m 1.75m
5m

Taking the ratio of and =2 ⇒ = 0.366

Hence
7
= 0.366 ∗ = 1.28
2 2

7
(1 − ) = (1 − 0.366) ∗ = 2.22
2 2

− =5 , ℎ = 8.5 =7
2

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X- DIRECTION:
 MIDDLE STRIP

= 16.28 ⁄ = 16.28 ⁄

⁄2 = 8.14 ⁄

1.75 5m 1.75

Cantilever moment
.
= 8.14 ∗ 5 ∗ + 8.14 ∗ 1.75 ∗ = 113.72 .

Field and support moments will be calculated using the ratio of two

= 2⁄3 ∗ (113.72 ) = 75.82

= 1⁄3 ∗ (113.72 ) = 37.91 .

 STRIP A-A Edge strip to the fixed side

⁄2 = 8.14 ⁄ ⁄2 = 8.14 ⁄

1.75 1.75

8.5 m
Cantilever moment:
8.14 × (1.75)
= = 12.41
2
2
= (12.41 . ) = 8.27
3
1
= ∗ (12.41 ) = 4.14
3

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 STRIP B-B: Edge strip to simply supported side

8.14 ∗ (8.5)
= = = 48.79 .
12 12
8.14 ∗ (8.5)
= = = 24.39 .
24 24
Y- DIRECTION
 Middle strip

16.28 ⁄

8.14 ⁄

2.22m 4.78m
Cantilever moment
16.28 ∗ (2.22) 4.78
= + [8.14 ∗ 4.78 ∗ 2.22 + = 218.54
2 2
2
= ∗ (218.54 ) = 145.69
3
1
= ∗ (218.54 ) = 72.85
3
 Edge strip
⁄2 = 8.14 ⁄ ⁄2 = 8.14 ⁄

2.22 2.22

7m

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Cantilever moment
(8.14 ∗ (2.22) )
= = 19.97
2
2
= ∗ (19.97 ) = 13.31
3
1
= ∗ (19.97 ) = 6.66
3
In order to support the slab strip cut by the hole, an arrangement of strong band is provided as
Following.
.

⁄2
⁄2 ⁄

(1 − ) ⁄2
⁄2

⁄2
⁄2

⁄2
⁄2

⁄2

1.75m 1.75m

To support the opening, provide strong band of

1.5
= 0.40 −
4
2.0
= 0.50 −
4

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

 STRIP A-A
⁄2 = 8.14 ⁄ ⁄2 = 8.14 ⁄

0.25
1.75

0.65

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By taking moment at the left support and (strip A-A) is 8.27 , we can
determine Value of .
.
(8.14 ∗ (1.75 ⁄2)) + (8.14 ∗ 0.25 ∗ 6.75 + − 8.27
=
0.65 ∗ (3.15 ∗ 0.5)
= 18.05 ⁄
Cantilever moment
8.14 ∗ (1.75)
= = 12.41
2
Positive moment

2
= ∗ (12.41 ) = 8.27
3

1
= ∗ (12.41 ) = 4.14
3

 STRIP B-B
. ⁄

. .

2.22m
0.4

(16.28 ∗ (2.22 ⁄2)) − 145.69

= . = −130.87 ⁄
0.4 ∗ (1.82 + )

Cantilever moment
16.21 ∗ (1.82)
= = 26.85 .
2
Positive moment

2
= ∗ (26.85 ) = 17.89
3
1
= ∗ (26.85 ) = 8.95
3

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

 STRIP C-C
. ⁄

. .

2.22m
0.4

8.14 − 19.97
= . = −14.68 ⁄
0.4 ∗ (1.82 + )

Cantilever moment
8.14 ∗ (2.22)
= = 19.97 .
2
Positive moment
2
= ∗ (19.97 ) = 13.31
3
Negative moment
1
= ∗ (19.97 ) = 6.66
3
 STRIP D-D
. ⁄

. .

1.5m
0.5m

(16.28 ∗ (1.5 ⁄2)) − 37.91

= . = −31.48 ⁄
0.5 ∗ (1.0 + )

Cantilever moment

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16.28 ∗ (1)
= = 8.14 .
2
Positive moment
2
= ∗ (8.14 ) = 5.40
3
Negative moment
1
= ∗ (8.14 ) = 2.70
3

 STRIP E-E
. ⁄

48.79KNm

1.5m
0.5m

(8.14 ∗ (1.5 ⁄2)) − 48.79

= . = −63.48 ⁄
0.5 ∗ (1.0 + )

Cantilever moment
8.14 ∗ (1)
= = 4.05 .
2
Positive moment
2
= ∗ (4.05 ) = 2.70
3
Negative moment
1
= ∗ (4.05 ) = 1.35
3
 STRIP F-F
The moments for the Y-direction middle strip of the basic case (without hole) may be
used without change .i.e. = 13.31 . , = 6.66 .
 STRIP H-H

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We know that maximum moment occurs where shear is zero. By taking moment left
support of the strip reaction force on right side can be determined and the maximum
moment will be calculated
.
26.19 ∗ (1.75 ⁄2) + 3.37 ∗ 0.25 ∗ 6.75 +
= = 6.56
7

+ = (26.19 ∗ 1.75) + (3.37 ∗ 0.25)

= 40.12
Maximum moment can occur at shear is zero at any x distance from left support.

Value of x where shear is zero can be calculated as follow by taking summation of

moment at the left support is zero
40.12
−26.19( ) + 40.12 =0 ⇒ = = 1.53
26.19
Therefore maximum moment will be:
+ (26.19 ∗ 1.75 ⁄2) − 40.12 ∗ 1.53 = 0
= 21.28 .

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

3.3.1.6.2. Pane S-14

= = 16.67 ⁄
ℎ ℎ − 14 , = = 3.2 , = = 7.65

The discontinuity lines are selected as shown in the figure below.

Edge strip width, ⁄4 = 3.2⁄4 = 0.80
Use ratio of support moment to span moment = 5
⁄2 = 3.2⁄2 = 1.60
− ⁄2 = 7.65 − (3.2⁄2) = 6.05
X-DIRECTION
 MIDDLE STRIP (STRIP ALONG A-A)

= 0.8

0.8 4
−

1 + 32 ⁄
=
8( ⁄ ) − 1

7.65
= = 2.39, . ℎ , =
3.2

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16.67 ⁄

0.8 6.85

Support moment at the support is can be calculated using the following equation.

∗ ( ⁄16) − ⁄4 16.67 ∗ (3.2 ⁄16) 7.65 − 3.2⁄4

= ∗ 1+ = ∗ 1+
8 8 6.85
= 3.33 .

So value of k will be determined by substituting value of moment in the above equation

to be 0.11. Then we obtain the following or

1 + 32 ⁄ 1 + (32 ∗ (−3.33))⁄16.67 ∗ (3.2)

⇒ = = = 0.034
8( ⁄ ) − 1 8(7.65⁄3.2) − 1

Revised moments:

Maximum span moment occurs at

3.2
= (1 − ) ∗ = (1 − 0.034) ∗ = 0.78
4 4
Therefore maximum span moment
8
= −3+ = 2.93 .
32
 EDGE STRIP

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Half of middle strip moments

1 1
= ( )( ) = ∗ 3.33 = 1.67
2 2

1 1
= ( )( ) = ∗ 2.93 = 1.47
2 2

Y DIRECTION STRIPS:
 MIDDLE STRIP

16.67 ⁄

3.2

Moment at the support

16.67 ⁄ ∗ (3.2 )
= = = 14.23
12 12
Moment at the span

16.67 ⁄ ∗ (3.2 )
= = = 7.11
24 24

 STRIPS A-A

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8.34 8.34

0.8 1.6 0.8

Cantilever momement
8.34 ∗ (0.8)
= = 2.67
2
Moment at the support

5
= ∗ 2.67 = 1.74
7.65

Moment at the span

1
= ∗ 2.67 = 0.349
7.65

 STRIP B-B: Strip along the strong band

(1 + )w 17.24
(1 + ⁄2)w (1 + ⁄2)w 16.95 16.95

0.8 1.6 0.8 0.8 1.6 0.8

Moment at the support =

17.24 ∗ (3.2)
≈ = = 14.71 .
12 12

= (1 + ) ( )
= 1.034 ∗ 14.71 = 15.21

Moment at the span

17.24 ∗ (3.2)
≈ = = 7.36 .
24 24

= ((1 + ) ( )
= 1.034 ∗ 7.36 = 7.61

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Figure 3. 11: Fourth floor slab moment (KN.m)

3.3.1.7.Design Moment Adjustment Fourth floor slab
3.1.1.1.1. Support Moment Adjustment
There are two cases to be considered in the adjustment of support moment.

Case-1:
− +
∗ 100% < 20% → = ℎ >
2
Case-2:
− +
∗ 100% > 20% → = ℎ >
2
ℎ = −
>

= − ∗∆ ℎ
+

= + ∗∆
+
Where:

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3
= , =
4
Note that if adjustment is between two-way and cantilever, then =
As a sample, the following is done.
Panel S-1 and S-2 –on axis 2 adjustment is required.
∆ = 31.82 − 19.89 = 11.93
∆ 11.93
ℎ : = = 37.49% > 20%
31.82
Therefore the adjustment will be done as

Therefore, use the moment distribution method

= + ( − )
+

0.333
= 19.89 + (31.82 − 19.89)
0.667 + 0. .333

= 23.86 /

Panel S-6 and S-7 –on axis 2 adjustment is required.

∆ = 23.28 − 10.95 = 12.33

0.2 , = 0.2(23.28) = 4.66 /

⇒∆ = 12.33 > 0.2 , = 4.66 /

Therefore, use the moment distribution method

= + ( − )
+

0.333
= 10.95 + (23.28 − 10.95)
0.333 + 0.6667

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= 15.06 /

3.1.1.1.2. Span Moment Adjustment /Field Moment Adjustment

 Panel S-1 = 4.25 , =7 & = 1.6

∆ = 7.05 − 9.32 = −2.27 ⁄

∆ = 14.86 − 23.86 = −9 ⁄

 Panel S-2 =7 , = 8.5 & = 1.2

∆ ∆

∆ ∆ Lx=7.00mLx Lx
=4.25m =7.00L

Ly=8.5 mLy=7 Ly=

m 8.5mL =
= 0.338 = 0.344
= 0.172 = 0.364
= 0.344
⁄ = 0.364
∆ = 22.54 − 31.82 = −6.67

∆ = 29.83 − 23.86 = 5.97 … … …

∆ = ∆ +
∆ = (0.172 ∗ 5.97) = 1.027 /
⇒ = , +∆

⇒ = 29.83 + 1.027 = 30.56 /

∆ = ∆ +

∆ = (0.364 ∗ 5.97) = 2.17 /

⇒ = , +∆

⇒ = 22.54 + 2.17 = 24.71

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3.1.1.1.3. Finial adjusted moment for fourth floor Slab

Table 3. 11: Final adjusted moment for fourth floor slab

Actual Moment Adjusted moment

Panel
( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . )
S-1 19.89 14.86 9.32 7.05 23.86 14.86 7.42 7.05
S-2 42.43 29.83 31.82 22.54 36.33 23.86 23.86 24.71
S-4 36.99 27.74 24.44 18.49 39.56 27.74 23.01 18.49
S-5 21.58 16.18 11.56 8.73 23.01 16.18 23.01 8.73
S-6 10.95 8.22 6.26 4.69 15.89 8.28 7.42 4.92
S-7 31.29 23.28 23.28 17.46 13.69 23.28 15.06 17.46
S-9 42.12 27.83 31.59 21.10 39.56 27.83 24.41 21.18
S-10 5.61 4.23 3.40 2.57 5.94 4.23 3.40 2.57
S-11 5.42 3.95 2.94 2.21 15.79 3.84 0.00 0.00
S-12 19.89 14.86 9.32 7.05 5.42 3.95 2.94 2.21
CS-1 15.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.89 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.3.1.8. Flexural Design for Fourth floor Slab

3.3.1.8.1. Maximum spacing of reinforcement
For the principal reinforcement:

3ℎ = 3 ∗ 240 = 720
≤
400

⇒ = 400

For the secondary reinforcement:

3.5ℎ = 3.5 ∗ 240 = 840

≤
450
⇒ = 450

3.3.1.8.2. Minimum area of reinforcement

Effective depth, = 240 − (20 + 5) = 215 ( )

Effective depth, = 240 − (20 + 10 + 5) = 205 ( )

ℎ , =1 = 1000

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215 + 205
= = 210
2

0.26
, =
0.0013
2.9 ∗ 1000 ∗ 210
= 0.26 = 395.85
400
0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 210 = 273
, = 395.85

, ⁄

3.3.1.8.3. Maximum area of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement

Maximum limits (for tension or compression reinforcement) are needed to achieve adequate
concrete compaction
, = 0.04 = 0.04 ∗ 1000 ∗ 210 = 8400
3.3.1.8.4. Sample Calculation Bending Reinforcement bars for fourth Slab
Panels S-1
With class S-1, XC-3 exposure condition, = 20

= 215
2.9
0.26 0.26 = 0.001883
= = 400
0.0013 0.0013

= 0.001883
= 0.04

1) Bending – Longer span

= 23.86 ⁄

Maximum area of reinforcement:

, = 0.04 = 0.04 = 0.04 ∗ 1000 ∗ 215 = 8600

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Minimum area of reinforcement

0.26
, =
0.0013
2.9 ∗ 1000 ∗ 215
= 0.26 = 405.28
400
0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 215 = 279.5
, = 405.28

, ⁄ 120

Bending reinforcement:
= 23.86 ⁄
23.86 × 10
= = = 0.0172
1000 ∗ (215) ∗ 30
For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 211.69

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 23.86 ⁄ :

= ≥ ,

23.86 × 10
=
(347.83) ∗ 211.69

= 324.04 ⁄ > , = 405.28

⇒ = 405.28 ⁄
Spacing:
(10)
= , ℎ , = = = 78.54
4 4

1000(78.54)
= = 193.79 < = 400
405.28

Provide ⁄

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Bending reinforcement:
= 7.05 ⁄
7.05 × 10
= = = 0.00508
1000 ∗ (215) ∗ 30
For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 214.03

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 7.05 ⁄

= ≥ ,

7.05 × 10
=
(347.83) ∗ 214.03

= 94.69 < , = 405.28

⇒ = 405.28 ⁄
Spacing:
(10)
= , ℎ , = = = 78.54
4 4

1000(78.54)
= = 193.79 < = 400
405.28

Provide ⁄

2) Bending – Short span

= 7.42 ⁄

= 240 − (20 + 10 + 5) = 205

Minimum area of reinforcement:

0.26
, =
0.0013
2.9 ∗ 1000 ∗ 205
= 0.26 ∗ = 386.42
400
0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 205 = 266.5

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⇒ , = 386.42

, ⁄ 200
Maximum area of reinforcement:
, = 0.04 = 0.04 = 0.04 ∗ 1000 ∗ 205
= 8200
Bending reinforcement:

= 7.42 ⁄

7.42 × 10
= = = 0.005885
1000 ∗ (205) ∗ 30
For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 204

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 7.42 ⁄

= ≥ ,

7.42 × 10
=
(347.83) ∗ 204

= 104.57 < , = 386.42

⇒ = 386.42 ⁄
Spacing:
(10)
= , ℎ , = = = 78.54
4 4

1000(78.54)
= = 200 < = 400
386.42

Provide ⁄
Bending reinforcement:
= 14.86 ⁄

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14.86 × 10
= = = 0.011786
1000 ∗ (205) ∗ 30
For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 202.85

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 14.86 ⁄ :

= ≥ ,

14.86 × 10
=
(347.83) ∗ 202.85

= 210 ⁄ < , = 386.42

⇒ = 386.42 ⁄

Provide ⁄

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Table 3. 12: Summary fourth floor Reinforcements bars

Main Reinforcement
Moment d Z , ≥ , Provide
Panels (KN m) (mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm2) (mm) reinforcement bars
S 23.86 215 0.02581 209.99 405.28 326.67 193.79 ⁄ 190
f 14.86 215 0.01607 211.91 405.28 201.61 193.79 ⁄ 190
S-1
s 7.42 205 0.00883 203.39 386.42 104.88 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 7.05 205 0.00839 203.47 386.42 99.61 203.25 ⁄ 200
s 36.33 215 0.03930 207.27 405.28 503.92 155.86 ⁄ 150
f 30.56 215 0.03306 208.54 405.28 421.31 186.42 ⁄ 180
S-2
s 23.86 205 0.02839 199.73 386.42 343.44 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 24.71 205 0.02940 199.54 386.42 356.02 203.25 ⁄ 200
s 39.56 215 0.04279 206.56 405.28 550.62 142.64 ⁄ 140
f 27.74 215 0.03001 209.15 405.28 381.31 193.79 ⁄ 140
S-4
s 23.01 205 0.02738 199.93 386.42 330.89 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 18.49 205 0.02200 200.94 386.42 264.54 203.25 ⁄ 200
s 23.01 215 0.02489 210.17 405.28 314.76 193.79 ⁄ 190
f 16.18 215 0.01750 211.63 405.28 219.80 193.79 ⁄ 190
S-5
s 23.01 205 0.02738 199.93 386.42 330.89 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 8.73 205 0.01039 203.10 386.42 123.57 203.25 ⁄ 200
s 15.89 215 0.01719 211.69 405.28 215.80 193.79 ⁄ 190
f 8.28 215 0.00896 213.29 405.28 111.61 193.79 ⁄ 120
S-6
s 7.42 205 0.00883 203.39 386.42 104.88 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 4.92 205 0.00585 203.94 386.42 69.36 203.25 ⁄ 200
s 13.69 215 0.01481 212.15 405.28 185.52 193.79 ⁄ 190
f 23.28 215 0.02518 210.11 405.28 318.54 193.79 ⁄ 190
S-7
s 15.06 205 0.01792 201.71 386.42 214.65 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 17.46 205 0.02077 201.17 386.42 249.52 203.25 ⁄ 200
s 39.56 215 0.04279 206.56 405.28 550.62 142.64 ⁄ 140
f 27.83 215 0.03010 209.13 405.28 382.58 193.79 ⁄ 190
S-9
s 24.41 205 0.02904 199.61 386.42 351.58 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 21.10 205 0.02510 200.36 386.42 302.77 203.25 ⁄ 200
s 5.94 215 0.00643 213.77 405.28 79.88 193.79 ⁄ 190
f 4.23 215 0.00458 214.13 405.28 56.79 193.79 ⁄ 190
S-10
s 3.40 205 0.00405 204.27 386.42 47.85 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 2.57 205 0.00306 204.45 386.42 36.14 203.25 ⁄ 200

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s 15.19 215 0.01643 211.84 405.28 206.15 193.79 ⁄ 190

f 3.84 215 0.00415 214.21 405.28 51.54 193.79 ⁄ 190
S-11
s 0.00 205 0.00000 205.00 386.42 0.00 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 0.00 205 0.00000 205.00 386.42 0.00 203.25 ⁄ 200
s 5.42 215 0.00586 213.88 405.28 72.85 193.79 ⁄ 190
f 3.95 215 0.00427 214.19 405.28 53.02 193.79 ⁄ 190
S-12
s 2.94 205 0.00350 204.37 386.42 41.36 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 2.21 205 0.00263 204.52 386.42 31.07 203.25 ⁄ 200
s 15.89 206 0.01872 202.54 405.28 225.55 193.79 ⁄ 190
f 0 206 0.00000 206.00 405.28 0.00 193.79 ⁄ 190
CS-1
s 0 198 0.00000 198.00 405.28 0.00 193.79 ⁄ 190
f 0 198 0.00000 198.00 405.28 0.00 193.79 ⁄ 190
Main Reinforcement
Moment d Z , ≥ , Provide
Panels (KN m) (mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm2) (mm) reinforcement bars
S 8.27 215 0.00895 213.29 405.28 111.47 193.79 ⁄ 190
f 4.14 215 0.00448 214.15 405.28 55.58 193.79 ⁄ 190
s 17.89 205 0.02128 201.08 386.42 255.79 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 8.95 205 0.01065 203.06 386.42 126.72 203.25 ⁄ 200
S-3 s 5.40 215 0.00584 213.89 405.28 72.58 193.79 ⁄ 190
f 2.70 215 0.00292 214.44 405.28 36.20 193.79 ⁄ 190
s 13.31 205 0.01584 202.10 386.42 189.34 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 6.66 205 0.00792 203.56 386.42 94.06 203.25 ⁄ 200
s 2.70 215 0.00292 214.44 405.28 36.20 193.79 ⁄ 190
f 1.35 215 0.00146 214.72 405.28 18.08 193.79 ⁄ 190
s 3.30 215 0.00357 214.32 386.42 44.27 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 2.93 215 0.00317 214.40 386.42 39.29 203.25 ⁄ 200
s 1.67 215 0.00181 214.66 405.28 22.37 193.79 ⁄ 190
f 1.47 215 0.00159 214.70 405.28 19.68 193.79 ⁄ 190
s 14.23 205 0.01693 201.89 386.42 202.64 203.25 ⁄ 200
S-13
f 7.11 205 0.00846 203.46 386.42 100.47 203.25 ⁄ 200
s 1.74 205 0.00207 204.63 405.28 24.45 193.79 ⁄ 190
f 0.349 205 0.00042 204.92 405.28 4.90 193.79 ⁄ 190
s 7.36 205 0.00876 203.40 386.42 104.03 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 7.61 205 0.00905 203.35 386.42 107.59 203.25 ⁄ 200

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3.3.1.9.Shear design
3.3.1.9.1. Shear Stress
Assuming the beam width to be 250 mm
= (0.5 − )
Where:
= = 16.89

= ℎ=7 − 0.25 = 6.75

= ℎ =1 = 1000

= ℎ = 215

→ = (0.5 − ) = 16.89[(0.5 ∗ 6.75) − 0.215] ∗ 1

= 53.37

3.3.1.9.2. Shear Strength:

The shear resistance of the concrete , , in such situations is given by an empirical expression:

0.12 (100 )
, =
0.035

Where:
, = The design shear resistance of the section without shear reinforcement

200
=1+ ≤ 2.0 ℎ

200 200
=1+ =1+ = 1.974
215
→ = 1.974
Taking minimum reinforcement, ⁄ 140

405.28
= = = 0.0019769
1000 ∗ 205

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0.12 ∗ 2(100 ∗ 0.0019769 ∗ 30) ∗ 1000 ∗ 205 × 10 = 97.26

, =
.
0.035(1.9769) (30) ∗ 1000 ∗ 205 × 10 = 151.81

, = 151.81 > = 53.37 !

3.3.1.10. Checking the deflection

 Percentage of required tension reinforcement,

, 326.67
= = = 0.001594
1000 ∗ 205

 Reference reinforcement ratio,

√30
= = 0.00548
1000

 For panel S-1Factor for structural system, = 1.3

( ⁄ ) = 11 + 1.5√30 + 3.2√30 −1

0.00548 0.00548
( ⁄ ) = 1.3 11 + 1.5√30 + 3.2√30 −1
0.001594 0.001594

( ⁄ ) = 1.3[11 + 28.25 + 66.72] = 137.76

 Modification factor for steel area provided

= , ⁄ , = 405.28⁄326.67 = 1.24 ≤ 1.5

 Therefore, allowable span-effective depth ratio:

( ⁄ ) = 137.76 ∗ 1.25 ∗ 1.24 = 213.53
 Actual span-effective depth ratio:

( ⁄ ) = 4250⁄205 = 20.73 < ( ⁄ ) !

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3.3.2. Analysis and Design of Third floor solid slab

Figure 3. 12: Third floor Slab lay out

3.3.2.1.Determine Depth for Deflection Requirement

The deformation of a member or structure shall not be such that it adversely affects its proper
functioning or appearance. These limiting values are given on ES EN-2, 1992-1-1:2015 (or see
the equation 2.1 and 2.2).

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Table 3. 13: Type slabs for Third floor slab

Panels ( ) ( ) ⁄ Types of solid slab

S-1 7.00 4.25 1.65 Two –way

S-2 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two –way
S-3 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two -way
S-4 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two –way
S-5 7.00 4.25 1.65 Two –way
S-6 7.00 4.25 1.65 Two –way
S-7 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two-way
S-8 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two-way
S-9 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two-way
S-10 4.25 2.50 1.70 Two-way
S-11 8.50 2.50 3.40 One-way
S-12 4.25 2.50 1.70 Two-way
S-13 7.65 3.20 2.39 One-way
CS-1 14.00 1.40 10.00 One-way

Determation of minimum depth of the slab using the equation (2.1) shown Table 3.14
Table 3. 14: Minimum effective depth each panel for third floor slab

Panels N K K*N ⁄ ( ) ( )
S-1 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 4250 127.39
S-2 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 7000 209.82
S-3 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 7000 209.82
S-4 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 7000 209.82
S-5 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 4250 127.39
S-6 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 4250 110.41
S-7 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 7000 181.85
S-8 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 7000 129.90
S-9 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 7000 209.82
S-10 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 2500 74.94
S-11 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 2500 64.95
S-12 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 2500 64.95
S-13 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 3200 95.92
CS-1 20.53 0.4 8.212 10.26 1400 136.45

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3.3.2.2. Concrete cover design

Design for corrosion: 30⁄37 → Exposure class is 3 (see EBCS -2 EN 1992-1.1:2015,
Table 3E.1N)
a) The nominal cove , :
= +∆
Then Nominal cover, :
= +∆ = 10 + 10 = 20
b) Cover Design for fire
Cover Design: FIRE: Panel S-4, = 7.00 , = 8.50 ⇒ ⁄ = 1.22
– → 120 = 20 (see Table 7)
c) Governing cover for: Corrosion, Bond/Durability and Fire
=
Take the governing depth = 209.82
Ceiling plaster = 2cm = 0.02m
Cement screw = 4.8 = 0.048
3mm PVC ties
ϕ reinforcement bars

d) Depth of Slab, h:
h = + + ⁄2
= 20 + 209.82 mm + 10⁄2
= 234.82
=
3.3.2.3. Loading

The slab is loaded both by dead load and live load that we obtain from self-weight of the slab
and partion load. The dead loads come from the slabs self-weight, floor finish, cement screed,
plastering and partion wall. The live load is based on category of the structure stated given
EBCS-1, 2015 (See the Table 3.15 below)

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Table 3. 15: Load computation of solid Slab for third floor slab

Floor finish Partition Dead Live Load

Panels Self-weight slab and plastering load Load
( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ )
S-1 6 1.627 2.62 10.22 2 16.78
S-2 6 1.627 2.98 10.61 2 17.32
S-3 6 1.657 0 7.63 4 16.30
S-4 6 1.627 0.198 7.83 2 13.57
S-5 6 1.627 0.55 8.18 2 14.04
S-6 6 1.627 0.27 7.89 2 13.65
S-7 6 1.627 0.20 7.83 2 13.57
S-8 6 1.627 0.18 7.81 4 16.54
S-9 6 1.627 0.19 7.82 2 13.55
S-10 6 1.627 0.38 8.01 2 13.81
S-11 6 1.627 2.66 10.29 4 19.89
S-12 6 1.627 0 7.63 3 14.80
S-13 6 1.627 0.29 7.92 4 16.69
CS-1 6 1.627 0 7.63 4 16.30

3.3.2.4.Calculation of Design Moment using coefficient Method for Third floor Slabs

The first stage of design is to determine support and span moments for all panels. The support
and span moments are calculated using the following equation 2.14. Maximum moments for
individual slab panels with edges either simply supported (discontinuous) or fully fixed
(continuous).
Sample Calculation

For Panel S-5 = 4.25 , =7 = 1.65

Ly=7.0m

Lx=4.25
m

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= 0.084 = 0.084 = 21.58 /

= 0.063 = 0.063 ⎫ = 16.18 /
⇒ ⁄
= 0.045 = 0.045⎬ × 14.04 × (4.25) ⇒
= 11.56 /
= 0.034 = 0.034⎭ = 8.73 /

Panel S-11 = 2.5 , = 8.5 = 8.5 ⁄2.5 = 3.4 > 2 → it is one way slab,

since it is one way slab analyzed as beam.

19.89 ⁄

2.5

19.89 ∗ (2.5 )
= = = 10.36
12 12

19.89 ∗ (2.5 )
= = = 5.18
24 24

19.89 ∗ 2.5
= = = 24.86
2 2
Other slabs are also calculated in the same procedure and tabulated 3.22 below.

Table 3. 16: Moments for individual slab panels

Panel ( ) ⁄ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
S-1 4.25 2.75 0.06 0.037 0.045 0.028 18.19 11.21 13.64 8.49
S-2 7 1.21 0.056 0.037 0.042 0.028 47.53 31.40 35.64 23.76
S-4 7 1.21 0.056 0.037 0.042 0.028 37.24 24.60 27.93 18.62
S-5 4.25 1.65 0.084 0.045 0.063 0.034 21.30 11.41 15.98 8.62
S-6 4.25 1.65 0.056 0.032 0.042 0.024 13.81 7.89 10.36 5.92
S-7 7 1.21 0.043 0.032 0.032 0.024 28.59 21.28 21.28 15.96
S-9 2 4.25 0.000 0.000 0 0.000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
S-9 7 1.21 0.056 0.037 0.042 0.028 37.18 24.57 27.89 18.59
S-10 2.5 1.75 0.061 0.037 0.046 0.028 5.27 3.19 3.97 2.42
S-11 2.50 3.40 - - - - 10.36 5.18 - -
S-12 2.5 1.75 0.057 0.032 0.043 0.024 5.27 2.96 3.98 2.22

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3.3.2.5.Calculation of design moment for cantilever slab for Third floor

Panel- CS-1: = 16.30 ⁄ , ⁄ = 14⁄1.4 = 10 > 2 → it is one way slab, since it

is one way slab analyzed as cantilever beam.

16.30 ⁄

1.4m

16.30 ∗ (1.4 )
= = = 15.97
2 2
= = 16.30 ∗ 1.4 = 22.82

3.3.2.6.Moment calculation using strip method

3.3.2.6.1. Panel S-3
W = W = 16.30 KN⁄m

1.50 m

7.0

2.0 m

8.50 m

Figure 3. 13: Strip Method for third floor for Panel S-3

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⁄2 ⁄2

⁄2
⁄
⁄2

A A

⁄
⁄

⁄2 ⁄2

⁄2 ⁄2

⁄2
⁄2

( − ) ⁄

B B

1.75m 1.75m
5m

Taking the ratio of and =2 ⇒ = 0.366

Hence
7
= 0.366 ∗ = 1.28
2 2

7
(1 − ) = (1 − 0.366) ∗ = 2.22
2 2

− =5 , ℎ = 8.5 =7
2

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X- DIRECTION:
 MIDDLE STRIP

= 16.30 ⁄ = 16.30 ⁄

⁄2 = 8.15 ⁄

1.75 5m 1.75

Cantilever moment

.
= 8.15 ∗ 5 ∗ + 8.15 ∗ 1.75 ∗ = 114.34 .

Field and support moments will be calculated using the ratio of two

= 2⁄3 ∗ (114.34 ) = 76.23

= 1⁄3 ∗ (114.34 ) = 38.11 .

 STRIP A-A Edge strip to the fixed side

⁄2 = 8.15 ⁄ ⁄2 = 8.15 ⁄

1.75 1.75

8.5 m
Cantilever moment:

8.15 × (1.75)
= = 12.48
2
2
= (12.48 . ) = 8.32
3

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

1
= ∗ (12.48 ) = 4.16
3
 STRIP B-B: Edge strip to simply supported side

8.15 ⁄

8.5 m

8.15 ∗ (8.5)
= = = 49.07 .
12 12

8.15 ∗ (8.5)
= = = 24.53 .
24 24
Y- DIRECTION

 Middle strip

16.30 ⁄

8.15 ⁄

2.22m 4.78m

Cantilever moment
16.3 ∗ (2.22) 4.78
= + [8.15 ∗ 4.78 ∗ 2.22 + = 219.76
2 2

2
= ∗ (219.76 ) = 146.50
3
1
= ∗ (219.76 ) = 73.25
3

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 Edge strip
⁄2 = 8.15 ⁄ ⁄2 = 8.15 ⁄

2.22 2.22

7m

Cantilever moment
(8.15 ∗ (2.22) )
= = 20.08
2

2
= ∗ (20.08 ) = 13.39
3

1
= ∗ (20.08 ) = 6.69
3

In order to support the slab strip cut by the hole, an arrangement of strong band is provided as

Follow.

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

⁄2 ⁄2
⁄2 ⁄ ⁄

. .

⁄2 ⁄2 ⁄2 ⁄ (1 − ) ⁄2 (1
⁄2 ⁄2

− ) ⁄2
⁄2 ⁄2

⁄2 ⁄ ⁄2 ⁄

1.75m 1.75m
1.75m

To support the opening, provide strong band of

1.5
= 0.40 −
4
2.0
= 0.50 −
4

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

I F

⁄2
⁄2 .
E E

D D

C B

H H

A ⁄2 ⁄2 2.22
A
⁄2

⁄2
⁄2

⁄2

C B F
1.75m 1.75m

 STRIP A-A
⁄2 = 8.15 ⁄ ⁄2 = 8.15 ⁄

0.25
1.75

0.65

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

By taking moment at the left support and (strip A-A) is 8.32 , we can
determine Value of .
.
(8.15 ∗ (1.75 ⁄2)) + (8.15 ∗ 0.25 ∗ 6.75 + − 8.32
=
0.65 ∗ (3.15 ∗ 0.5)
= 18.14 ⁄
Cantilever moment
8.15 ∗ (1.75)
= = 12.48
2
Positive moment

2
= ∗ (12.48 ) = 8.32
3

1
= ∗ (12.48 ) = 4.16
3

 STRIP B-B
. ⁄

. .

2.22m
0.4

(16.3 ∗ (2.22 ⁄2)) − 146.50

= . = −131.60 ⁄
0.4 ∗ (1.82 + )

Cantilever moment
16.3 ∗ (1.82)
= = 27.00 .
2
Positive moment

2
= ∗ (27 ) = 18.00
3
1
= ∗ (27 ) = 9.00
3

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

 STRIP C-C
. ⁄

. .

2.22m
0.4

8.15 − 20.08
= . = −14.76 ⁄
0.4 ∗ (1.82 + )

Cantilever moment
8.15 ∗ (2.22)
= = 20.08 .
2
Positive moment
2
= ∗ (20.08 ) = 13.39
3
Negative moment
1
= ∗ (20.08 ) = 6.69
3
 STRIP D-D
. ⁄

. .

1.5m
0.5m

(16.3 ∗ (1.5 ⁄2)) − 38.11

= . = −31.64 ⁄
0.5 ∗ (1.0 + )

Cantilever moment

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

16.3 ∗ (1)
= = 8.15 .
2
Positive moment
2
= ∗ (8.15 ) = 5.43
3
Negative moment
1
= ∗ (8.15 ) = 2.72
3

 STRIP E-E
. ⁄

49.07KNm

1.5m
0.5m

(8.15 ∗ (1.5 ⁄2)) − 49.07

= . = −63.84 ⁄
0.5 ∗ (1.0 + )

Cantilever moment
8.15 ∗ (1)
= = 4.08 .
2
Positive moment
2
= ∗ (4.08 ) = 2.72
3
Negative moment
1
= ∗ (4.08 ) = 1.36
3
 STRIP F-F
The moments for the Y-direction middle strip of the basic case (without hole) may be
used without change .i.e. = 145.50 . , = 73.25 .
 STRIP H-H

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

We know that maximum moment occurs where shear is zero. By taking moment left
support of the strip reaction force on right side can be determined and the maximum
moment will be calculated
.
26.19 ∗ (1.75 ⁄2) + 3.37 ∗ 0.25 ∗ 6.75 +
= = 6.56
7

+ = (26.19 ∗ 1.75) + (3.37 ∗ 0.25)

= 40.12
Maximum moment can occur at shear is zero at any x distance from left support.

Value of x where shear is zero can be calculated as follow by taking summation of

moment at the left support is zero

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40.11
−26.19( ) + 40.11 =0 ⇒ = = 1.53
26.19
Therefore maximum moment will be:
+ (26.19 ∗ 1.75 ⁄2) − 40.11 ∗ 1.53 = 0
= 21.27 .
3.3.2.6.2. Pane S-14
= = 16.69 ⁄
ℎ ℎ − 14 , = = 3.2 , = = 7.65

The discontinuity lines are selected as shown in the figure below.

Edge strip width, ⁄4 = 3.2⁄4 = 0.80
Use ratio of support moment to span moment = 5
⁄2 = 3.2⁄2 = 1.60
− ⁄2 = 7.65 − (3.2⁄2) = 6.05
X-DIRECTION

 MIDDLE STRIP (STRIP ALONG A-A)

= 0.8

0.8 4
−

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1 + 32 ⁄
=
8( ⁄ ) − 1

7.65
= = 2.39, . ℎ , =
3.2
16.69 ⁄

0.8 6.85

Support moment at the support is can be calculated using the following equation.

∗ ( ⁄16) − ⁄4 16.69 ∗ (3.2 ⁄16) 7.65 − 3.2⁄4

= ∗ 1+ = ∗ 1+
8 8 6.85
= 2.67 .

So value of k will be determined by substituting value of moment in the above equation

to be 0.08. Then we obtain the following or
1 + 32 ⁄ 1 + (32 ∗ (2.67))⁄16.69 ∗ (3.2)
⇒ = = = 0.08
8( ⁄ ) − 1 8(7.65⁄3.2) − 1

Revised moments:

16.69 ⁄

0.8

0.8 6.05
−1.189 ⁄

Maximum span moment occurs at

3.2
= (1 − ) ∗ = (1 − 0.03) ∗ = 0.78
4 4
Therefore maximum span moment
8
= −3+
32

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0.08 ∗ 16.69 ∗ (3.2) 8 ∗ 7.65

= − 3 + 0.08
32 3.2
= 6.92 .
 EDGE STRIP

Half of middle strip moments

1 1
= ( )( ) = ∗ 2.67 = 1.34
2 2
1 1
= ( )( ) = ∗ 6.92 = 3.46
2 2
Y DIRECTION STRIPS:
 MIDDLE STRIP

16.69 ⁄

3.2

Moment at the support

16.69 ⁄ ∗ (3.2 )
= = = 14.24
12 12

Moment at the span

16.69 ⁄ ∗ (3.2 )
= = = 7.12
24 24

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 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

 STRIPS A-A

8.345 8.345

0.8 1.6 0.8

Cantilever momement
8.345 ∗ (0.8)
= = 2.67
2
Moment at the support
5
= ∗ 2.67 = 1.745
7.65
Moment at the span

1
= ∗ 2.67 = 0.349
7.65
 STRIP B-B: Strip along the strong band

(1 + )w 18.03
(1 + ⁄2)w (1 + ⁄2)w 17.36 17.36

0.8 1.6 0.8 0.8 1.6 0.8

Moment at the support =

18.03 ∗ (3.2)
≈ = = 15.38 .
12 12

= (1 + ) ( )
= 1.08 ∗ 15.38 = 16.61

Moment at the span

18.03 ∗ (3.2)
≈ = = 7.69 .
24 24

= ((1 + ) ( )
= 1.08 ∗ 7.69 = 8.31

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Figure 3. 14: Third floor slab moment (KN.m)

3.3.2.7.Design Moment Adjustment First floor slab
3.3.2.7.1. Support Moment Adjustment
There are two cases to be considered in the adjustment of support moment.
Case-1:
− +
∗ 100% < 20% → = ℎ >
2
Case-2:
− +
∗ 100% > 20% → = ℎ >
2
ℎ = −
> .

= − ∗∆ ℎ
+

= + ∗∆
+
Where:
3
= , =
4

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Note that if adjustment is between two-way and cantilever, then =

As a sample, the following is done.
Panel S-1 and S-2 –on axis 2 adjustment is required.
∆ = 35.64 − 18.19 = 17.45

∆ 17.45
ℎ : = = 48.96% > 20%
35.64

Therefore, use the moment distribution method

= + ( − )
+
0.333
= 18.19 + (35.64 − 18.19)
0.667 + 0. .333
= 24.00 /
Panel S-6 and S-7 –on axis 2 adjustment is required.
∆ = 21.28 − 13.81 = 7.47
0.2 , = 0.2(21.28) = 4.26 /
⇒∆ = 7.47 > 0.2 , = 4.26 /
Therefore, use the moment distribution method

= + ( − )
+

0.333
= 13.81 + (21.28 − 13.81)
0.333 + 0.6667

= 16.29 /

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3.3.2.7.2. Span Moment Adjustment /Field Moment Adjustment

 Panel S-1 = 4.25 , =7 & = 1.6 ∆

∆ Lx=4.25 4.25

Ly=7m Ly= 7m
= 0.396 = 0.316
= 0.333 = 0.333

∆ = 8.49 − 13.64 = −5.15 ⁄

∆ = 11.21 − 24.00 = −12.79 ⁄

 Panel S-2 =7 , = 8.5 & = 1.2

∆ ∆

∆ ∆ Lx=7.00m Lx
=7.00Lx

Ly=8.5 m Ly=
8.5mL =
= 0.338 = 0.344
= 0.172 = 0.364

∆ = 23.76 − 35.64 = −11.88 ⁄

∆ = 31.40 − 24.00 = 7.4 … … …

∆ = ∆ +

∆ = (0.172 ∗ 7.40) = 1.273 /

⇒ = , +∆

⇒ = 31.40 + 1.273 = 32.67 /

∆ = ∆ +

∆ = (0.364 ∗ 7.4) = 2.69 /

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⇒ = , +∆

⇒ = 23.76 + 2.69 = 26.45

3.3.2.7.3. Finial adjusted moment for third floor Slab

Table 3. 17: final adjusted moment for third floor slab

Moment Adjusted moment

Panel
( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . )
S-1 18.19 11.2 13.64 8.49 18.19 11.21 11.59 8.49
S-2 47.53 31.40 35.64 23.76 35.75 32.67 24.00 26.45
S-4 37.24 24.60 27.93 18.62 37.21 24.66 24.28 18.74
S-5 24.28 11.41 9.29 8.62 24.28 11.41 9.29 8.62
S-6 13.81 7.89 10.36 5.92 16.29 7.89 7.18 5.92
S-7 28.59 21.28 21.28 15.96 35.75 21.98 16.29 17.45
S-9 37.21 24.62 24.27 18.69 8.17 4.09 0.00 0.00
S-10 9.29 3.19 3.97 2.42 9.29 3.19 3.97 2.42
S-11 20.44 5.18 - - 20.44 5.18 0.00 0.00
S-12 9.28 2.96 3.98 2.22 6.24 2.96 3.98 2.22
CS-1 15.97 - - - 0.00 0.00 15.97 0.00

3.3.2.8. Flexural Design for Fourth floor Slab

3.3.2.8.1. Maximum spacing of reinforcement
For the principal reinforcement:

3ℎ = 3 ∗ 240 = 720
≤
400
⇒ = 400

For the secondary reinforcement:

3.5ℎ = 3.5 ∗ 240 = 840
≤
450
⇒ = 450
3.3.2.8.2. Minimum area of reinforcement
Effective depth, = 240 − (20 + 5) = 215 ( )

Effective depth, = 240 − (20 + 10 + 5) = 205 ( )

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ℎ , =1 = 1000
215 + 205
= = 210
2

0.26
, =
0.0013
2.9 ∗ 1000 ∗ 210
= 0.26 = 395.85
400
0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 210 = 273
, = 395.85

, ⁄

3.3.2.8.3. Maximum area of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement

Maximum limits (for tension or compression reinforcement) are needed to achieve adequate
concrete compaction
, = 0.04 = 0.04 ∗ 1000 ∗ 210 = 8400

3.3.2.8.4.Sample Calculation Bending Reinforcement bars for Roof Slab

Panels S-1

With class S-1, XC-3 exposure condition, = 20

= 215
2.9
0.26 0.26 = 0.001883
= = 400
0.0013 0.0013
= 0.001883
= 0.04

a) Bending – Longer span

= 24.00 ⁄
Maximum area of reinforcement:

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

, = 0.04 = 0.04 = 0.04 ∗ 1000 ∗ 215 = 8600

Minimum area of reinforcement

0.26
, =
0.0013
2.9 ∗ 1000 ∗ 215
= 0.26 = 405.28
400
0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 215 = 279.5
, = 405.28

, ⁄ 190

Bending reinforcement:
= 24.00 ⁄
24.00 × 10
= = = 0.0173
1000 ∗ (215) ∗ 30
For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 211.67

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 24.00 ⁄ :

= ≥ ,

24.00 × 10
= = 325.98 ⁄ > , = 405.28
(347.83) ∗ 211.67
⇒ = 405.28 ⁄
Spacing:
(10)
= , ℎ , = = = 78.54
4 4

1000(78.54)
= = 193.79 < = 400
405.28

Provide ⁄

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Bending reinforcement:
= 8.49 ⁄
8.49 × 10
= = = 0.006122
1000 ∗ (215) ∗ 30
For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 213.83

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 8.49 ⁄

= ≥ ,

8.49 × 10
= = 114.15 < , = 405.28
(347.83) ∗ 213.83

⇒ = 405.28 ⁄
Spacing:
(10)
= , ℎ , = = = 78.54
4 4

1000(78.54)
= = 193.79 < = 400
405.28

Provide ⁄

b) Bending – Short span

= 11.59 ⁄

= 240 − (20 + 10 + 5) = 205

Minimum area of reinforcement:

0.26
, =
0.0013
2.9 ∗ 1000 ∗ 205
= 0.26 ∗ = 386.42
400
0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 205 = 266.5
⇒ , = 386.42

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

, ⁄ 200
Maximum area of reinforcement:
, = 0.04 = 0.04 = 0.04 ∗ 1000 ∗ 205
= 8200
Bending reinforcement:

= 11.59 ⁄

11.59 × 10
= = = 0.009193
1000 ∗ (205) ∗ 30
For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 203.32

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 7.42 ⁄

= ≥ ,

7.42 × 10
= = 104.92 < , = 386.42
(347.83) ∗ 203.32

⇒ = 386.42 ⁄
Spacing:
(10)
= , ℎ , = = = 78.54
4 4

1000(78.54)
= = 200 < = 400
386.42

Provide ⁄
Bending reinforcement:
= 11.21 ⁄
11.21 × 10
= = = 0.08892
1000 ∗ (205) ∗ 30
For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 203.38

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 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 11.21 ⁄ :

= ≥ ,

11.21 × 10
= = 158.46 ⁄ < , = 386.42
(347.83) ∗ 203.38

⇒ = 386.42 ⁄
Provide ⁄
Table 3. 18: Summary third floor Reinforcements bar

Main Reinforcement
Moment d Z , ≥ , Provide
Panels (KN m) (mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm2) (mm) reinforcement bars
S 24.00 215 0.02596 209.96 405.28 328.63 193.79 ⁄ 190

f 11.21 215 0.01213 212.68 405.28 151.54 193.79 ⁄ 190

S-1
s 11.59 205 0.01379 202.48 386.42 164.57 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 8.49 205 0.01010 203.16 386.42 120.15 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 35.75 215 0.03867 207.40 405.28 495.57 158.49 ⁄ 150

f 32.67 215 0.03534 208.08 405.28 451.40 173.99 ⁄ 150

S-2
s 24.00 205 0.02855 199.70 386.42 345.51 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 26.45 205 0.03147 199.14 386.42 381.85 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 37.21 215 0.04025 207.08 405.28 516.61 152.03 ⁄ 150

f 24.66 215 0.02667 209.82 405.28 337.90 193.79 ⁄ 190

S-4
s 24.28 205 0.02889 199.64 386.42 349.65 203.25 ⁄ 200

f
18.74 205 0.02230 200.89 386.42 268.20 203.25 ⁄ 200
24.28 215 0.02626 209.90 405.28 332.56 193.79 ⁄ 190
s

f 11.41 215 0.01234 212.63 405.28 154.27 193.79 ⁄ 190

S-5
s
9.29 205 0.01105 202.98 386.42 131.58 203.25 ⁄ 200

f
8.62 205 0.01026 203.13 386.42 122.00 203.25 ⁄ 200

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 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

16.29 215 0.01762 211.61 405.28 221.32 193.79 ⁄ 190

s

7.89 215 0.00853 213.37 405.28 106.31 193.79 ⁄ 190

f
S-6
s
7.18 205 0.00854 203.44 386.42 101.46 203.25 ⁄ 200

f
5.92 205 0.00704 203.72 386.42 83.55 203.25 ⁄ 200
35.75 215 0.03867 207.40 405.28 495.57 193.79 ⁄ 190
s

21.98 215 0.02378 210.39 405.28 300.35 193.79 ⁄ 190

f
S-7
s 16.29 205 0.01938 201.43 386.42 232.50 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 17.45 205 0.02076 201.18 386.42 249.38 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 8.17 215 0.00884 213.31 405.28 110.11 193.79 ⁄ 190

f 4.09 215 0.00442 214.16 405.28 54.91 193.79 ⁄ 190

S-9
s 0.00 205 0.00000 205.00 386.42 0.00 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 0.00 205 0.00000 205.00 386.42 0.00 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 37.21 215 0.04025 207.08 405.28 516.61 152.03 ⁄ 150

f 24.62 215 0.02663 209.83 405.28 337.33 193.79 ⁄ 190

S-9
s 24.27 205 0.02888 199.64 386.42 349.51 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 18.69 205 0.02224 200.90 386.42 267.46 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 9.29 215 0.01005 213.08 405.28 125.35 193.79 ⁄ 190

f 3.19 215 0.00345 214.34 405.28 42.79 193.79 ⁄ 190

S-10
s 3.97 205 0.00472 204.14 386.42 55.91 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 2.42 205 0.00288 204.48 386.42 34.03 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 20.44 215 0.02211 210.72 405.28 278.87 193.79 ⁄ 190

f 5.18 215 0.00560 213.93 405.28 69.61 193.79 ⁄ 190

S-11
s 0.00 205 0.00000 205.00 386.42 0.00 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 0.00 205 0.00000 205.00 386.42 0.00 203.25 ⁄ 200

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s 6.24 215 0.00675 213.71 405.28 83.94 193.79 ⁄ 190

f 2.96 215 0.00320 214.39 405.28 39.69 193.79 ⁄ 190

S-12
s 3.98 205 0.00474 204.14 386.42 56.05 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 2.22 205 0.00264 204.52 386.42 31.21 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 15.97 215 0.01727 211.67 405.28 216.91 193.79 ⁄ 190

f 0 215 0.00000 215.00 405.28 0.00 193.79 ⁄ 190

CS-1
s 0 205 0.00000 205.00 405.28 0.00 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 0 205 0.00000 205.00 405.28 0.00 203.25 ⁄ 200

Main Reinforcement
Moment d Z , ≥ , Provide
Panels (KN m) (mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm2) (mm) reinforcement bars
S 8.32 215 0.00900 213.28 405.28 112.15 193.79 ⁄ 190

f 4.16 215 0.00450 214.14 405.28 55.85 193.79 ⁄ 190

s 18 205 0.02142 201.05 386.42 257.39 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 9 205 0.01071 203.05 386.42 127.43 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 13.39 205 0.01593 202.08 405.28 190.50 193.79 ⁄ 190

S-3 f 6.69 205 0.00796 203.55 405.28 94.49 193.79 ⁄ 190

s 5.43 215 0.00587 213.88 386.42 72.99 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 2.72 215 0.00294 214.44 386.42 36.47 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 2.72 215 0.00294 214.44 405.28 36.47 193.79 ⁄ 190

f 1.36 215 0.00147 214.72 405.28 18.21 193.79 ⁄ 190

s 145.5 205 0.17311 166.46 386.42 2512.96 31.25 ⁄ 30

f 73.25 205 0.08715 187.80 386.42 1121.34 70.04 ⁄ 70

2.67 215 0.00289 214.45 405.28 35.79 193.79 ⁄ 190

s

S-14 f 6.92 215 0.00749 213.57 405.28 93.15 193.79 ⁄ 190

s
1.34 215 0.00145 214.72 386.42 17.94 203.25 ⁄ 200

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3.46 215 0.00374 214.29 386.42 46.42 203.25 ⁄ 200

f

s
14.24 205 0.01694 201.89 405.28 202.78 193.79 ⁄ 190
7.12 205 0.00847 203.46 405.28 100.61 193.79 ⁄ 190
f

s 1.745 205 0.00208 204.62 386.42 24.52 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 0.349 205 0.00042 204.92 386.42 4.90 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 16.61 205 0.01976 201.36 405.28 237.15 193.79 ⁄ 190

f 8.31 205 0.00989 203.20 405.28 117.58 193.79 ⁄ 190

3.3.3. Analysis and Design of Second floor solid slab

Figure 3. 15: Second floor Slab lay out

3.3.3.1.Determine Depth for Deflection Requirement

The deformation of a member or structure shall not be such that it adversely affects its proper
functioning or appearance. Appropriate limiting values of deflection taking into account the
nature of the structure, of the finishes, partitions and fixings and upon the function of the

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structure should be established. These limiting values are given on ES EN-2, 1992-1-1:2015 (or
see the equation 2.1 and 2.2).

Table 3. 19: Type slabs for Second floor

Panels ( ) ( ) ⁄ Types of solid slab

S-1 7.00 4.25 1.65 Two –way

S-2 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two –way
S-3 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two -way
S-4 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two –way
S-5 7.00 4.25 1.65 Two –way
S-6 7.00 4.25 1.65 Two –way
S-7 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two-way
S-8 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two-way
S-9 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two-way
S-10 4.25 2.50 1.70 Two-way
S-11 8.50 2.50 3.40 One-way
S-12 4.25 2.50 1.70 Two-way
S-13 7.65 3.20 2.39 One-way
CS-1 14.00 1.40 10.00 One-way

Sample calculation span depth ratio.

b) Depth determination: Serviceability requirement used equation (2.1).

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Where:
⁄
= 11 + 1.5 + 3.2 −1 ≤

1 ′
= 11 + 1.5 ′
+ >
− 12

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Where:
√30
= = = 0.00548 = 0.548%
1000 1000

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= 0.5% ( : 2015)

⁄
= 11 + 1.5 + 3.2 −1 = 0.5 % ≤ = 0.548 %

= 11 + 9 + 0.5213 = 20.53

500 500
= = = 1.25
400
=1 =1

⇒ = 20.52 ∗ 1 ∗ 1 ∗ 1.25 ∗ = 25.66

End panel S-1 (K=1.3 or see Table A-1)

= 25.66 = 25.66 ∗ 1.3 = 33.36

= = 4.25 = 4250
4250
≥ = = 127.40
⁄ 33.36
Interior Panel S-7 ( = . )

= 25.66 = 25.66 ∗ 1.5 = 38.49

= = 7.0 = 7000
7000
≥ = = 181.86
⁄ 38.49

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Table 3. 20: Summary of Minimum effective depth each panel for Second slab

Panels N K K*N ⁄ ( ) ( )
S-1 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 4250 127.39
S-2 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 7000 209.82
S-3 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 7000 209.82
S-4 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 7000 209.82
S-5 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 4250 127.39
S-6 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 4250 110.41
S-7 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 7000 181.85
S-8 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 7000 129.90
S-9 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 7000 209.82
S-10 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 2500 74.94
S-11 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 2500 64.95
S-12 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 2500 64.95
S-13 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 3200 95.92
CS-1 20.53 0.4 8.212 10.26 1400 136.45

3.3.3.2.Concrete cover design

Design for corrosion: 30⁄37 → Exposure class is 3 (see EBCS -2 EN 1992-1.1:2015,

Table 3E.1N)
a) The nominal cove , :
= +∆
Then Nominal cover, :
= +∆ = 10 + 10 = 20

b) Cover Design for fire

Cover Design: FIRE: Panel S-4, = 7.00 , = 8.50 ⇒ ⁄ = 1.22
– → 120 = 20 (see Table 7)
c) Governing cover for: =
Take the governing depth = 209.82
Ceiling plaster = 2cm = 0.02m
Cement screw = 4.8 = 0.048
ϕ reinforcement bars
3 mm PVC ties

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d) Depth of Slab, h:
h = + + ⁄2 = 234.82
=
3.3.3.3. Loading

The slab is loaded both by dead load and live load that we obtain from self-weight of the slab
and partion load. The dead loads come from the slabs self-weight, floor finish, cement screed,
plastering and partion wall. The live load is based on category of the structure stated given
EBCS-1, 2015
Sample calculation for design load

For Panel S-1 ( = 4.25 , = 7.0 )

i) Partition wall
Length = 5.21
15cm HCB = 16 ⁄
Clear height = 3.52
2.5cm Plastering = 23 ⁄
Total Partition Load = [(0.15 × 16 × 3.52) +(2× 0.0025 × 23 × 3.52)] ×
5.21/(4.25 × 7 ) = 1.55 ⁄
Length = 3.62
15Cm HCB = 16 ⁄ 3
Clear height= 3.52
2.5cm Plastering = 23 ⁄ 3
3mm PVC ties = 16 ⁄
Total Partition Load = [(0.15 × 16 × 3.52) +( 2× 0.0025 × 23 × 3.52)] ×
3.62/(4.25 × 7 ) = 1.07 ⁄
Total Partition Load = 1.55 ⁄ + 1.07 ⁄ = 2.62 ⁄
ii) Self-weight of 240mm RC slab= 0.24 × 25 ⁄ =6 ⁄
iii) ℎ = ( 0.02 × 23 ⁄ ) + ( 0.048 × 23 ⁄ )+(0.003*16)
= 1.612 ⁄
iv) ( )=6 ⁄ + 1.612 + 2.62 = 10.23 ⁄
vii) Live Load( ) = 2.0 ⁄
viii) , = 1.35 + 1.5 = 16.81 ⁄

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Table 3. 21: Load Computation of Solid Slab for Second floor

Panels Self-weight slab Floor finish and Partition Dead Load Live Load
( ⁄ ) plastering load ( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ )
( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ )
S-1 6.00 1.612 2.62 10.23 2.00 16.81
S-2 6.00 1.612 2.47 10.08 2.00 16.61
S-3 6.00 1.612 0.00 7.61 4.00 16.28
S-4 6.00 1.612 0.20 7.81 2.00 13.54
S-5 6.00 1.612 0.55 8.16 2.00 14.02
S-6 6.00 1.612 0.27 7.88 2.00 13.64
S-7 6.00 1.612 0.20 7.81 2.00 13.55
S-8 6.00 1.612 0.18 7.79 4.00 16.52
S-9 6.00 1.612 0.00 7.61 4.00 16.28
S-10 6.00 1.612 0.19 7.80 2.00 13.53
S-11 6.00 1.612 0.00 7.61 3.00 14.78
S-12 6.00 1.612 0.00 7.61 3.00 14.78
S-13 6.00 1.612 0.29 7.90 4.00 16.67
CS-1 6.00 1.612 0.00 7.61 4.00 16.28

3.3.3.4.Calculation of Design Moment using coefficient Method for second floor Slabs

The first stage of design is to determine support and span moments for all panels. The support
and span moments are calculated using the following equation 2.14. Maximum moments for
individual slab panels with edges either simply supported (discontinuous) or fully fixed
(continuous).

For Panel S-5 = 4.25 , =7 = 1.65

Ly=7.0m

Lx=4.25
m
= 0.084 = 0.084 = 21.58 /
= 0.063 = 0.063 ⎫ = 15.98 /
⇒ ⁄
= 0.045 = 0.045⎬ × 14.02 × (4.25) ⇒
= 11.56 /
= 0.034 = 0.034⎭ = 8.62 /

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Panel S-11 = 2.5 , = 8.5 = 8.5 ⁄2.5 = 3.4 > 2 → it is one way slab,

since it is one way slab analyzed as beam.

14.78 ⁄

2.5m

14.78 ∗ (2.5 )
= = = 7.41
12 12

14.78 ∗ (2.5 )
= = = 3.84
24 24

14.72 ∗ 2.5
= = = 18.39
2 2
Other slabs are also calculated in the same procedure and tabulated 3.22 below.

Table 3. 22: Moments for individual slab panels

Panel ( ) ⁄ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
S-1 4.25 1.65 0.06 0.037 0.045 0.028 18.19 11.31 13.64 8.49
S-2 7 1.21 0.056 0.037 0.042 0.028 47.53 31.40 35.64 23.76
S-4 7 1.21 0.056 0.037 0.042 0.028 37.24 24.60 27.93 18.62
S-5 4.25 1.65 0.084 0.045 0.063 0.034 21.30 11.41 15.98 8.62
S-6 4.25 1.65 0.056 0.032 0.042 0.024 13.81 7.89 10.36 5.92
S-7 7 1.21 0.043 0.032 0.032 0.024 28.59 21.28 21.28 15.96
S-9 2 4.25 0.056 0.037 0.042 0.028 37.24 24.57 27.89 18.59
S-10 7 1.21 0.056 0.037 0.042 0.028 5.27 3.19 3.97 2.42
S-11 2.5 1.75 0.061 0.037 0.046 0.028 8.49 4.24 3.98 4.24
S-12 2.5 1.75 0.057 0.032 0.043 0.024 5.27 2.96 3.98 2.22

3.3.3.5. Calculation of design moment for cantilever slab

Panel- CS-1: = 16.28 ⁄ , ⁄ = 14⁄1.4 = 10 > 2 → it is one way slab, since it

is one way slab analyzed as cantilever beam.

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16.28 ⁄

1.4

16.28 ∗ (1.4 )
= = = 15.89
2 2

= = 16.28 ∗ 1.4 = 22.69

3.3.3.6. Moment calculation using strip method
3.3.3.6.1. Panel-3

W = W = 16.28 KN⁄m
1.50

7.0

2.0

8.50

Figure 3. 16: Strip Method for second floor for Panel S- 3

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

⁄2 ⁄2

⁄2
⁄
⁄2

A A

⁄
⁄

⁄2 ⁄2

⁄2 ⁄2

⁄2
⁄2

( − ) ⁄

B B

1.75m 1.75m
5m

Taking the ratio of and =2 ⇒ = 0.366

Hence
7
= 0.366 ∗ = 1.28
2 2

7
(1 − ) = (1 − 0.366) ∗ = 2.22
2 2

− =5 , ℎ = 8.5 =7
2

X- DIRECTION:
 MIDDLE STRIP

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

= 16.28 ⁄ = 16.28 ⁄

⁄2 = 8.14 ⁄

1.75 5m 1.75

Cantilever moment

.
= 8.14 ∗ 5 ∗ + 8.14 ∗ 1.75 ∗ = 113.72 .

Field and support moments will be calculated using the ratio of two

= 2⁄3 ∗ (113.72 ) = 75.82

= 1⁄3 ∗ (113.72 ) = 37.91 .

 STRIP A-A Edge strip to the fixed side

⁄2 = 8.14 ⁄ ⁄2 = 8.14 ⁄

1.75 1.75

8.5 m
Cantilever moment:
8.14 × (1.75)
= = 12.41
2
2
= (12.41 . ) = 8.27
3
1
= ∗ (12.41 ) = 4.14
3

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

 STRIP B-B: Edge strip to simply supported side

8.14 ⁄

8.5 m
8.14 ∗ (8.5)
= = = 48.79 .
12 12
8.14 ∗ (8.5)
= = = 24.39 .
24 24
Y- DIRECTION
 Middle strip

16.28 ⁄

8.14 ⁄

2.22m 4.78m
Cantilever moment
16.28 ∗ (2.22) 4.78
= + [8.14 ∗ 4.78 ∗ 2.22 + = 218.54
2 2
2
= ∗ (218.54 ) = 145.69
3
1
= ∗ (218.54 ) = 72.85
3
 Edge strip
⁄2 = 8.14 ⁄ ⁄2 = 8.14 ⁄

2.22 2.22

7m

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Cantilever moment
(8.14 ∗ (2.22) )
= = 19.97
2
2
= ∗ (19.97 ) = 13.31
3
1
= ∗ (19.97 ) = 6.66
3
In order to support the slab strip cut by the hole, an arrangement of strong band is provided as
Following.
.

⁄2
⁄2 ⁄

(1 − ) ⁄2
⁄2

⁄2
⁄2

⁄2
⁄2

⁄2

1.75m 1.75m

To support the opening, provide strong band of

1.5
= 0.40 −
4
2.0
= 0.50 −
4

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

I F

⁄2
E ⁄2 . E

D D

C B

H H

⁄2
A ⁄2 2.22
A
⁄2

⁄2
⁄2

⁄2

C B F
1.75m 1.75m

 STRIP A-A

⁄2 = 8.14 ⁄ ⁄2 = 8.14 ⁄

0.25
1.75

0.65

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

By taking moment at the left support and (strip A-A) is 8.27 , we can
determine Value of .
.
(8.14 ∗ (1.75 ⁄2)) + (8.14 ∗ 0.25 ∗ 6.75 + − 8.27
=
0.65 ∗ (3.15 ∗ 0.5)
= 18.05 ⁄
Cantilever moment
8.14 ∗ (1.75)
= = 12.41
2
Positive moment

2
= ∗ (12.41 ) = 8.27
3

1
= ∗ (12.41 ) = 4.14
3

 STRIP B-B
. ⁄

. .

2.22m
0.4

(16.28 ∗ (2.22 ⁄2)) − 145.69

= . = −130.87 ⁄
0.4 ∗ (1.82 + )

Cantilever moment
16.21 ∗ (1.82)
= = 26.85 .
2
Positive moment

2
= ∗ (26.85 ) = 17.89
3
1
= ∗ (26.85 ) = 8.95
3

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

 STRIP C-C
. ⁄

. .

2.22m
0.4

8.14 − 19.97
= . = −14.68 ⁄
0.4 ∗ (1.82 + )

Cantilever moment
8.14 ∗ (2.22)
= = 19.97 .
2
Positive moment
2
= ∗ (19.97 ) = 13.31
3
Negative moment
1
= ∗ (19.97 ) = 6.66
3
 STRIP D-D
. ⁄

. .

1.5m
0.5m

(16.28 ∗ (1.5 ⁄2)) − 37.91

= . = −31.48 ⁄
0.5 ∗ (1.0 + )

Cantilever moment

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

16.28 ∗ (1)
= = 8.14 .
2
Positive moment
2
= ∗ (8.14 ) = 5.40
3
Negative moment
1
= ∗ (8.14 ) = 2.70
3

 STRIP E-E
. ⁄

48.79KNm

1.5m
0.5m

(8.14 ∗ (1.5 ⁄2)) − 48.79

= . = −63.48 ⁄
0.5 ∗ (1.0 + )

Cantilever moment
8.14 ∗ (1)
= = 4.05 .
2
Positive moment
2
= ∗ (4.05 ) = 2.70
3
Negative moment
1
= ∗ (4.05 ) = 1.35
3
 STRIP F-F
The moments for the Y-direction middle strip of the basic case (without hole) may be
used without change .i.e. = 13.31 . , = 6.66 .
 STRIP H-H

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

We know that maximum moment occurs where shear is zero. By taking moment left
support of the strip reaction force on right side can be determined and the maximum
moment will be calculated
.
26.19 ∗ (1.75 ⁄2) + 3.37 ∗ 0.25 ∗ 6.75 +
= = 6.56
7

+ = (26.19 ∗ 1.75) + (3.37 ∗ 0.25)

= 40.12
Maximum moment can occur at shear is zero at any x distance from left support.

Value of x where shear is zero can be calculated as follow by taking summation of

moment at the left support is zero
40.12
−26.19( ) + 40.12 =0 ⇒ = = 1.53
26.19
Therefore maximum moment will be:
+ (26.19 ∗ 1.75 ⁄2) − 40.12 ∗ 1.53 = 0
= 21.28 .

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

3.3.3.6.2.Pane S-14

= = 16.67 ⁄
ℎ ℎ − 14 , = = 3.2 , = = 7.65

The discontinuity lines are selected as shown in the figure below.

Edge strip width, ⁄4 = 3.2⁄4 = 0.80
Use ratio of support moment to span moment = 5
⁄2 = 3.2⁄2 = 1.60
− ⁄2 = 7.65 − (3.2⁄2) = 6.05
X-DIRECTION
 MIDDLE STRIP (STRIP ALONG A-A)

=
0.8

0.8 4
−

1 + 32 ⁄
=
8( ⁄ ) − 1

7.65
= = 2.39, . ℎ , =
3.2

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

16.67 ⁄

0.8 6.85

Support moment at the support is can be calculated using the following equation.

∗ ( ⁄16) − ⁄4 16.67 ∗ (3.2 ⁄16) 7.65 − 3.2⁄4

= ∗ 1+ = ∗ 1+
8 8 6.85
= 3.33 .

So value of k will be determined by substituting value of moment in the above equation

to be 0.11. Then we obtain the following or

1 + 32 ⁄ 1 + (32 ∗ (−3.33))⁄16.67 ∗ (3.2)

⇒ = = = 0.034
8( ⁄ ) − 1 8(7.65⁄3.2) − 1

Revised moments:

16.67 ⁄
0.8

0.8 6.05
−1.189 ⁄

Maximum span moment occurs at

3.2
= (1 − ) ∗ = (1 − 0.034) ∗ = 0.78
4 4
Therefore maximum span moment
8
= −3+
32
0.034 ∗ 16.67 ∗ (3.2) 8 ∗ 7.65
= − 3 + 0.034
32 3.2
= 2.93 .
 EDGE STRIP

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Half of middle strip moments

1 1
= ( )( ) = ∗ 3.33 = 1.67
2 2

1 1
= ( )( ) = ∗ 2.93 = 1.47
2 2

Y DIRECTION STRIPS:
 MIDDLE STRIP

16.67 ⁄

3.2

Moment at the support

16.67 ⁄ ∗ (3.2 )
= = = 14.23
12 12
Moment at the span

16.67 ⁄ ∗ (3.2 )
= = = 7.11
24 24

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 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

 STRIPS A-A

8.34 8.34

0.8 1.6 0.8

Cantilever momement
8.34 ∗ (0.8)
= = 2.67
2
Moment at the support

5
= ∗ 2.67 = 1.74
7.65

Moment at the span

1
= ∗ 2.67 = 0.349
7.65

 STRIP B-B: Strip along the strong band

(1 + )w 17.24
(1 + ⁄2)w (1 + ⁄2)w 16.95 16.95

0.8 1.6 0.8 0.8 1.6 0.8

Moment at the support =

17.24 ∗ (3.2)
≈ = = 14.71 .
12 12
= (1 + ) ( )
= 1.034 ∗ 14.71 = 15.21

Moment at the span

17.24 ∗ (3.2)
≈ = = 7.36 .
24 24

= ((1 + ) ( )
= 1.034 ∗ 7.36 = 7.61

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Figure 3. 17: Second floor slab moment (KN.m)

3.3.3.7.Design Moment Adjustment Second floor slab
3.1.1.1.4. Support Moment Adjustment
There are two cases to be considered in the adjustment of support moment.

Case-1:
− +
∗ 100% < 20% → = ℎ >
2
Case-2:
− +
∗ 100% > 20% → = ℎ >
2
ℎ = −
> .

= − ∗∆ ℎ
+

= + ∗∆
+

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Where:
3
= , =
4
Note that if adjustment is between two-way and cantilever, then =
As a sample, the following is done.
Panel S-1 and S-2 –on axis 2 adjustment is required.
∆ = 31.82 − 19.89 = 11.93
∆ 11.93
ℎ : = = 37.49% > 20%
31.82
Therefore the adjustment will be done as

Therefore, use the moment distribution method

= + ( − )
+

0.333
= 19.89 + (31.82 − 19.89)
0.667 + 0. .333

= 23.86 /

Panel S-6 and S-7 –on axis 2 adjustment is required.

∆ = 23.28 − 10.95 = 12.33

0.2 , = 0.2(23.28) = 4.66 /

⇒∆ = 12.33 > 0.2 , = 4.66 /

Therefore, use the moment distribution method

= + ( − )
+
0.333
= 10.95 + (23.28 − 10.95)
0.333 + 0.6667

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= 15.06 /

3.1.1.1.5. Span Moment Adjustment /Field Moment Adjustment

 Panel S-1 = 4.25 , =7 & = 1.6

∆ = 7.05 − 9.32 = −2.27 ⁄

∆ = 14.86 − 23.86 = −9 ⁄

 Panel S-2 =7 , = 8.5 & = 1.2

∆ ∆

∆ ∆ Lx=7.00m Lx
=7.00L

Ly=8.5 m Ly=
8.5mL =
= 0.338 = 0.344
= 0.172 = 0.364
= 0.344
∆ = 22.54 − 31.82 = −6.67 ⁄ = 0.364

∆ = 29.83 − 23.86 = 5.97 … … …

∆ = ∆ +
∆ = (0.172 ∗ 5.97) = 1.027 /
⇒ = , +∆

⇒ = 29.83 + 1.027 = 30.56 /

∆ = ∆ +

∆ = (0.364 ∗ 5.97) = 2.17 /

⇒ = , +∆

⇒ = 22.54 + 2.17 = 24.71

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3.1.1.1.6. Finial adjusted moment for second floor Slab

Table 3. 23: final adjusted moment for second floor slab

Actual Moment Adjusted moment

Panel
( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . )
S-1 18.19 11.31 13.64 8.49 11.59 11.21 24.00 8.49
S-2 47.53 31.40 35.64 23.76 24.00 32.67 35.75 32.67
S-4 37.24 24.60 27.93 18.62 24.22 25.22 37.21 19.93
S-5 21.30 11.41 15.98 8.62 9.29 11.41 24.28 8.62
S-6 13.81 7.89 10.36 5.92 7.18 7.89 16.29 5.92
S-7 28.59 21.28 21.28 15.96 16.29 21.78 13.05 17.02
S-9 37.24 24.57 27.89 18.59 24.27 24.62 37.21 18.69
S-10 5.27 3.19 3.97 2.42 3.97 3.19 9.29 2.42
S-11 8.49 4.24 3.98 4.24 3.97 4.24 15.02 4.24
S-12 5.27 2.96 3.98 2.22 3.98 2.96 9.28 2.22
CS-1 18.19 11.31 13.64 8.49 15.89 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.3.3.8. Flexural Design for second floor Slab

3.3.3.8.1. Maximum spacing of reinforcement
For the principal reinforcement:

3ℎ = 3 ∗ 240 = 720
≤
400
⇒ = 400

For the secondary reinforcement:

3.5ℎ = 3.5 ∗ 240 = 840

≤
450

⇒ = 450
3.3.3.8.2. Minimum area of reinforcement

Effective depth, = 240 − (20 + 5) = 215 ( )

Effective depth, = 240 − (20 + 10 + 5) = 205 ( )

ℎ , =1 = 1000

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215 + 205
= = 210
2

0.26
, =
0.0013
2.9 ∗ 1000 ∗ 210
= 0.26 = 395.85
400
0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 210 = 273
, = 395.85

, ⁄

3.3.3.8.3. Maximum area of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement

Maximum limits (for tension or compression reinforcement) are needed to achieve adequate
concrete compaction
, = 0.04 = 0.04 ∗ 1000 ∗ 210 = 8400

3.3.3.8.4. Sample Calculation Bending Reinforcement bars for second Slab

Panels S-1
With class S-1, XC-3 exposure condition, = 20

= 215
2.9
0.26 0.26 = 0.001883
= = 400
0.0013 0.0013
= 0.001883
= 0.04

3) Bending – Longer span

= 24 ⁄

Maximum area of reinforcement:

, = 0.04 = 0.04 = 0.04 ∗ 1000 ∗ 215 = 8600

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Minimum area of reinforcement

0.26
, =
0.0013
2.9 ∗ 1000 ∗ 215
= 0.26 = 405.28
400
0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 215 = 279.5
, = 405.28

, ⁄ 120

Bending reinforcement:
= 24 ⁄
24 × 10
= = = 0.0173
1000 ∗ (215) ∗ 30
For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 211.69

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 24 ⁄ :

= ≥ ,

24 × 10
= = 325 ⁄ > , = 405.28
(347.83) ∗ 211.69

⇒ = 405.28 ⁄
Spacing:
(10)
= , ℎ , = = = 78.54
4 4

1000(78.54)
= = 193.79 < = 400
405.28

Provide ⁄

Bending reinforcement:

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= 7.05 ⁄
7.05 × 10
= = = 0.00508
1000 ∗ (215) ∗ 30
For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 214.03

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 7.05 ⁄

= ≥ ,

7.05 × 10
= = 94.69 < , = 405.28
(347.83) ∗ 214.03
⇒ = 405.28 ⁄
Spacing:
(10)
= , ℎ , = = = 78.54
4 4

1000(78.54)
= = 193.79 < = 400
405.28

Provide ⁄

4) Bending – Short span

= 8.49 ⁄

= 240 − (20 + 10 + 5) = 205

Minimum area of reinforcement:

0.26
, =
0.0013
2.9 ∗ 1000 ∗ 205
= 0.26 ∗ = 386.42
400
0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 205 = 266.5
⇒ , = 386.42

, ⁄ 200
Maximum area of reinforcement:

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, = 0.04 = 0.04 = 0.04 ∗ 1000 ∗ 205

= 8200
Bending reinforcement:
= 7.42 ⁄

8.49 × 10
= = = 0.006734
1000 ∗ (205) ∗ 30
For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 204

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 8.49 ⁄

= ≥ ,

8.49 × 10
= = 119.65 < , = 386.42
(347.83) ∗ 204

⇒ = 386.42 ⁄
Spacing:
(10)
= , ℎ , = = = 78.54
4 4

1000(78.54)
= = 200 < = 400
386.42

Provide ⁄

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Table 3. 24: Summary Second floor Reinforcements bars

Main Reinforcement
Moment d Z , ≥ , Provide
Panels (KN m) (mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm2) (mm) reinforcement bars
S 24.00 215 0.02596 209.96 405.28 328.63 193.79 ⁄ 190

f 11.21 215 0.01213 212.68 405.28 151.54 193.79 ⁄ 190

S-1
s 11.59 205 0.01379 202.48 386.42 164.57 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 8.49 205 0.01010 203.16 386.42 120.15 203.25 ⁄ 200
s 24.00 215 0.063536 227.58 405.28 404.25 194.29 ⁄ 190
f 32.67 215 0.086489 221.87 405.28 564.46 139.14 ⁄ 130
S-2
s 35.75 205 0.099259 218.54 386.42 627.06 125.25 ⁄ 120
f 32.67 205 0.090708 220.78 386.42 567.23 138.46 ⁄ 130

s 15.02 215 0.01625 211.87 405.28 203.81 385.36 ⁄ 300

f 25.22 215 0.02728 209.70 405.28 345.77 193.79 ⁄ 190

S-4
s 24.28 205 0.02889 199.64 386.42 349.65 203.25 ⁄ 200

f
19.93 205 0.02371 200.62 386.42 285.61 203.25 ⁄ 200

24.28 215 0.02626 209.90 405.28 332.56 193.79 ⁄ 190

s

f 11.41 215 0.01234 212.63 405.28 154.27 193.79 ⁄ 190

S-5
s
9.29 205 0.01105 202.98 386.42 131.58 203.25 ⁄ 200

f
8.62 205 0.01026 203.13 386.42 122.00 203.25 ⁄ 200

16.29 215 0.01762 211.61 405.28 221.32 193.79 ⁄ 190

s

7.89 215 0.00853 213.37 405.28 106.31 193.79 ⁄ 190

f
S-6
s
7.18 205 0.00854 203.44 386.42 101.46 203.25 ⁄ 200

f
5.92 205 0.00704 203.72 386.42 83.55 203.25 ⁄ 200

35.75 215 0.03867 207.40 405.28 495.57 193.79 ⁄ 190

s
S-7
21.78 215 0.02356 210.44 405.28 297.56 193.79 ⁄ 190
f

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s 16.29 205 0.01938 201.43 386.42 232.50 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 13.05 205 0.01553 202.15 386.42 185.59 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 24.27 215 0.064251 227.41 405.28 409.11 191.98 ⁄ 190

f 24.62 215 0.065177 227.18 405.28 415.42 189.06 ⁄ 180
S-9
s 37.21 205 0.103313 217.47 386.42 655.91 119.74 ⁄ 110
f 18.69 205 0.051892 230.37 386.42 311.00 252.54 ⁄ 200

s 37.21 215 0.04025 207.08 405.28 516.61 152.03 ⁄ 150

f 24.62 215 0.02663 209.83 405.28 337.33 193.79 ⁄ 190

S-10
s 24.27 205 0.02888 199.64 386.42 349.51 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 18.69 205 0.02224 200.90 386.42 267.46 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 9.29 215 0.01005 213.08 405.28 125.35 193.79 ⁄ 190

f 3.19 215 0.00345 214.34 405.28 42.79 193.79 ⁄ 190

S-11
s 3.97 205 0.00472 204.14 386.42 55.91 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 2.42 205 0.00288 204.48 386.42 34.03 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 13.05 215 0.01412 212.29 405.28 176.73 212.29 ⁄ 200

f 4.24 215 0.00459 214.13 405.28 56.93 214.13 ⁄ 200

S-12
s 0.00 205 0.00000 205.00 386.42 0.00 205.00 ⁄ 200

f 0.00 205 0.00000 205.00 386.42 0.00 205.00 ⁄ 200

s 6.24 215 0.00675 213.71 405.28 83.94 193.79 ⁄ 190

f 2.96 215 0.00320 214.39 405.28 39.69 193.79 ⁄ 190

S-13
s 3.98 205 0.00474 204.14 386.42 56.05 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 2.22 205 0.00264 204.52 386.42 31.21 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 15.97 215 0.01727 211.67 405.28 216.91 193.79 ⁄ 190

CS-1
f 0 215 0.00000 215.00 405.28 0.00 193.79 ⁄ 190

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s 0 205 0.00000 205.00 405.28 0.00 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 0 205 0.00000 205.00 405.28 0.00 203.25 ⁄ 200

Main Reinforcement
Moment d Z , ≥ , Provide
Panels (KN m) (mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm2) (mm) reinforcement bars
S 8.32 215 0.00900 213.28 405.28 112.15 193.79 ⁄ 190
f 4.16 215 0.00450 214.14 405.28 55.85 193.79 ⁄ 190
s 18 205 0.02142 201.05 386.42 257.39 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 9 205 0.01071 203.05 386.42 127.43 203.25 ⁄ 200
s 13.39 205 0.01593 202.08 405.28 190.50 193.79 ⁄ 190
S-3 f 6.69 205 0.00796 203.55 405.28 94.49 193.79 ⁄ 190
s 5.43 215 0.00587 213.88 386.42 72.99 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 2.72 215 0.00294 214.44 386.42 36.47 203.25 ⁄ 200
s 2.72 215 0.00294 214.44 405.28 36.47 193.79 ⁄ 190
f 1.36 215 0.00147 214.72 405.28 18.21 193.79 ⁄ 190
s 145.5 205 0.17311 166.46 386.42 2512.96 31.25 ⁄ 30
f 73.25 205 0.08715 187.80 386.42 1121.34 70.04 ⁄ 70
s 2.67 215 0.00289 214.45 405.28 35.79 193.79 ⁄ 190
f 6.92 215 0.00749 213.57 405.28 93.15 193.79 ⁄ 190
s 1.34 215 0.00145 214.72 386.42 17.94 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 3.46 215 0.00374 214.29 386.42 46.42 203.25 ⁄ 200
s 14.24 205 0.01694 201.89 405.28 202.78 193.79 ⁄ 190
S-14
f 7.12 205 0.00847 203.46 405.28 100.61 193.79 ⁄ 190
s 1.745 205 0.00208 204.62 386.42 24.52 203.25 ⁄ 200
f 0.349 205 0.00042 204.92 386.42 4.90 203.25 ⁄ 200
s 16.61 205 0.01976 201.36 405.28 237.15 193.79 ⁄ 190
f 8.31 205 0.00989 203.20 405.28 117.58 193.79 ⁄ 190

3.3.3.9.Shear design
3.3.3.9.1. Shear Stress for S -1
Assuming the beam width to be 250 mm
= (0.5 − )
Where:
= = 16.78

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= ℎ = 3.52 − 0.25 = 3.27

= ℎ =1 = 1000

= ℎ = 210

→ = (0.5 − ) = 16.78[(0.5 ∗ 3.27) − 0.210] ∗ 1

= 27.23
3.3.3.9.2. Shear Strength:
The shear resistance of the concrete , , in such situations is given by an empirical expression:

0.12 (100 )
, =
0.035

Where:
, = The design shear resistance of the section without shear reinforcement

200
=1+ ≤ 2.0 ℎ

200 200
=1+ =1+ = 1.976
210
→ = 1.976
Taking minimum reinforcement, ⁄ 200
405.28
= = = 0.001929
1000 ∗ 210
0.12 ∗ 2(100 ∗ 0.001976 ∗ 30) ∗ 1000 ∗ 210 × 10 = 91.22
, =
.
0.035(1.976) (30) ∗ 1000 ∗ 210 × 10 = 111.82

, = 111.82 > = 27.23 !

3.3.3.9.3. Checking the deflection

 Percentage of required tension reinforcement,
, 328.63
= = = 0.001603
1000 ∗ 205

 Reference reinforcement ratio,

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√30
= = 0.00548
1000

 For panel S-1Factor for structural system, = 1.3

( ⁄ ) = 11 + 1.5 √30 + 3.2 √30 −1

0.00548 0.00548
( ⁄ ) = 1.3 11 + 1.5 √30 + 3.2 √30 −1
0.001603 0.001603

( ⁄ ) = 1.3[11 + 28.09 + 42.39] = 108.28

 Modification factor for steel area provided

= ,
= 405.28 328.63 = 1.233 ≤ 1.5
,

 Therefore, allowable span-effective depth ratio:

( ⁄ ) = 108.28 ∗ 1.25 ∗ 1.233 = 166.89
 Actual span-effective depth ratio:
( ⁄ ) = 4250⁄210 = 17.71 < ( ⁄ ) !

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3.3.4. Analysis and Design of first floor Solid slab

Figure 3. 18: First floor Slab lay out

3.3.4.1.Determine Depth for Deflection Requirement

The deformation of a member or structure shall not be such that it adversely affects its proper
functioning or appearance. Appropriate limiting values of deflection taking into account the
nature of the structure, of the finishes, partitions and fixings and upon the function of the
structure should be established. These limiting values are given on ES EN-2, 1992-1-1:2015 (or
see the equation 2.1 and 2.2).

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Table 3. 25: Type slabs for First floor

Panels ( ) ( ) ⁄ Types of solid slab

S-1 7.00 4.25 1.65 Two –way

S-2 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two –way
S-3 7.00 4.25 1.65 Two -way
S-4 7.00 4.25 1.65 Two –way
S-5 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two –way
S-6 8.50 7.00 1.21 Two –way
S-7 4.25 2.50 1.70 Two-way
S-8 8.50 2.50 3.40 One-way
S-9 4.25 2.50 1.70 Two-way
S-10 7.65 3.20 2.39 One-way
CS-1 14.00 1.40 6.79 Cantilever

Sample calculation span depth ratio.

a) Depth determination: Serviceability requirement used equation (2.1).

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Where:

= 11 + 1.5 + 3.2 −1 ≤

1 ′
= 11 + 1.5 ′
+ >
− 12

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Where:
√30
= = = 0.00548 = 0.548%
1000 1000

= 0.5% ( : 2015)

= 11 + 1.5 + 3.2 −1 = 0.5 % ≤ = 0.548 %

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= 11 + 9 + 0.5213 = 20.53

500 500
= = = 1.25
400

=1 =1

⇒ = 20.52 ∗ 1 ∗ 1 ∗ 1.25 ∗ = 25.66

End panel S-1 (K=1.3 or see Table 2.21)

= 25.66 = 25.66 ∗ 1.3 = 33.36

= = 4.25 = 4250

4250
≥ = = 127.40
33.36

Interior Panel S-5( = . )

= 25.66 = 25.66 ∗ 1.5 = 38.49

= = 7.0 = 7000

7000
≥ = = 181.86
38.49

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Table 3. 26: Summary of Minimum effective depth each panel for first floor slab

Panels N K K*N ⁄ ( ) ( )
S-1 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 4250 127.39
S-2 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 7000 209.82
S-3 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 4250 127.39
S-4 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 4250 110.41
S-5 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 7000 181.85
S-6 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 7000 181.85
S-7 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 2500 74.94
S-8 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 2500 64.95
S-9 20.53 1.5 30.80 38.49 2500 64.95
S-10 20.53 1.3 26.69 33.36 3200 95.92
CS-1 20.53 0.4 8.21 10.27 1400 136.39

3.3.4.2.Concrete cover design

Design for corrosion: 30⁄37 → Exposure class is 3 (see EBCS -2 EN 1992-1.1:2015,

Table 3E.1N)
a) The nominal cove , :
= +∆
Then Nominal cover , :

= +∆ = 10 + 10 = 20

b) Cover Design for fire

Cover Design: FIRE: Panel S-4, = 7.00 , = 8.50 ⇒ ⁄ = 1.22
– → 120 = 20 (see Table 7)
c) Governing cover for: Corrosion , Bond/Durability and Fire
=
Take the governing depth = 209.83
Cement screw = 4.8 = 0.048
3mm PVC ties= 3 = 0.003
d) Depth of Slab, h:

h = + + 2

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= 20 + 209.82 mm + 10 2
= 234.82
=
3.3.4.3.Loading

The slab is loaded both by dead load and live load that we obtain from self-weight of the slab
and partion load. The dead loads come from the slabs self-weight, floor finish, cement screed,
plastering and partion wall. The live load is based on category of the structure stated given
EBCS-1, 2015
Sample calculation for design load
For Panel S-1(4.5m × 7.0 m)
i) Partition wall
Length = 1.70
15cm HBC = 16 ⁄
Clear height = 3.52m
2.5cm Plastering = 23 ⁄
[(0.15 ∗ 16 ∗ 3.52) + (2 ∗ 0.0025 ∗ 23 ∗ 3.52)] ∗ 1.70
=
(4.25 ∗ 7.00)
= 0.506

ii) Self-weight of 240 mm RC slab

ℎ ℎ = 240 = 25 ⁄
3 . = 16 ⁄
4.8cm Cement screed = 23 ⁄
2 cm ceiling plastering = 23 ⁄
iii) Total Dead load,
= (0.003 ∗ 16) + (0.24 ∗ 25) + (0.048 ∗ 23) + (0.02 ∗ 23) + 0.506
= 8.12 ⁄
iv) Live Load, =2 ⁄ ( See EBCS EN 1992-1-1 2015)
v) Design load, = 1.35 + 1.5
= (1.35 ∗ 8.12) + (1.5 ∗ 2)
= 13.96 ⁄

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Table 3. 27: Load computation of solid Slab for First floor

Floor finish Partition Dead Live Load

Panels Self-weight slab and plastering load Load
( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ )
S-1 6 1.627 0.506 8.12 2 13.96
S-2 6 1.627 2.27 9.89 3 17.85
S-3 6 1.657 1.64 2.00 2 15.51
S-4 6 1.627 0 7.63 4 16.30
S-5 6 1.627 0 7.63 4 16.30
S-6 6 1.627 0 7.63 4 16.30
S-7 6 1.627 0 7.63 2 13.30
S-8 6 1.627 1.83 9.46 3 17.27
S-9 6 1.627 0 7.63 3 14.80
S-10 6 1.627 0.70 8.33 4 17.25
CS-2 6 1.627 0 7.63 4 16.30

3.3.4.4.Calculation of Design Moment using coefficient Method

The first stage of design is to determine support and span moments for all panels. The support
and span moments are calculated using the following equation 2.14. Maximum moments for
individual slab panels with edges either simply supported (discontinuous) or fully fixed
(continuous).

For Panel S-3 = 4.25 , =7 = 1.65

Ly=7.0m

Lx=4.25
m
= 0.084 = 0.084 = 23.53 /
= 0.063 = 0.063 ⎫ = 17.65 /
⇒ ⁄
= 0.045 = 0.045⎬ × 15.51 × (4.25) ⇒ = 12.61 /
= 0.034 = 0.034⎭ = 9.53 /

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Panel S-8 = 2.5 , = 8.5 = 8.5 ⁄2.5 = 3.4 > 2 → it is one way slab,

since it is one way slab analyzed as beam.

17.27

17.27 ∗ (2.5 )
= = = 8.99
12 12

17.27 ∗ (2.5 )
= = = 4.49
24 24

17.27 ∗ 2.5
= = = 21.59
2 2
Other slabs are also calculated in the same procedure and tabulated 3.28 below.

Table 3. 28: Moments for individual slab panels

Panel ( ) ⁄ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
S-1 4.25 1.65 0.06 0.037 0.045 0.028 15.13 9.33 11.35 7.06
S-2 7 1.21 0.052 0.056 0.037 0.042 45.48 48.98 32.36 36.74
S-3 4.25 1.65 0.084 0.045 0.063 0.034 23.53 12.61 17.65 9.53
S-4 4.25 1.65 0.056 0.032 0.042 0.024 16.49 9.42 12.37 7.07
S-5 7 1.65 0.043 0.032 0.032 0.024 34.34 25.56 25.56 19.17
S-7 2.5 1.7 0.061 0.037 0.046 0.028 5.07 3.08 3.82 2.33
S-9 2.5 1.7 0.057 0.032 0.043 0.024 5.27 2.96 3.98 2.22

3.3.4.5.Calculation of design moment for cantilever slab

Panel- CS-1: = 16.30 ⁄ , ⁄ = 14⁄1.4 = 10 > 2 → it is one way slab, since it

is one way slab analyzed as cantilever beam.

16.30 ⁄

1.4

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16.30 ∗ (1.4 )
= = = 15.97
2 2

= = 16.30 ∗ 1.4 = 22.82

3.3.4.6.Moment calculation using strip method

2.30m
Panel-6: W = W = 16.30 KN⁄m

7.0 m

3.7 m

8.50 m

Figure 3. 19: Strip Method for First floor for Panel S-6

− =5 , ℎ = 8.5 =7
2

X- DIRECTION:
 MIDDLE STRIP

= 16.21 = 16.21
⁄2 = 8.105 ⁄

1.75 5m 1.75

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Cantilever moment
.
= 8.105 ∗ 5 ∗ + 8.105 ∗ 1.75 ∗ = 113.72 .

Field and support moments will be calculated using the ratio of two

= 2 3 ∗ (113.72 ) = 75.82

= 1⁄3 ∗ (113.72 ) = 37.91 .

 STRIP A-A Edge strip to the fixed side

⁄2 = 8.105 ⁄ ⁄2 = 8.105 ⁄

1.75 1.75

8.5 m
Cantilever moment:

8.105 × (1.75)
= = 12.41
2
2
= (12.41 . ) = 8.27
3
1
= ∗ (12.41 ) = 4.14
3

 STRIP B-B: Edge strip to simply supported side

8.105 ⁄ 8.14 ⁄

8.5

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8.105 ∗ (8.5)
= = = 48.79 .
12 12

8.105 ∗ (8.5)
= = = 24.39 .
24 24
Y- DIRECTION
 Middle strip

= 16.21 = 16.21
⁄2 = 8.105 ⁄

1.75 3.5 1.75

Cantilever moment
. .
= 8.105 ∗ 3.5 ∗ + 8.105 ∗ 1.75 ∗ = 62.05 .

Field and support moments will be calculated using the ratio of two

= 2 3 ∗ (62.05 ) = 41.37

= 1⁄3 ∗ (62.05 ) = 20.68 .

 Edge strip

⁄2 = 8.105 ⁄ ⁄2 = 8.105 ⁄

1.75 1.75

7m

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Cantilever moment

(8.105 ∗ (1.75) )
= = 12.41
2

2
= ∗ (12.41 ) = 8.27
3

1
= ∗ (12.41 ) = 4.14
3

In order to support the slab strip cut by the hole, an arrangement of strong band is provided as
Following .
.

⁄2
⁄2 .

.
⁄2

⁄2 1.75
3.7m
⁄2

⁄2
⁄2

⁄2

1.75m 1.75m

To support the opening, provide strong band of

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2.3
= 0.575 −
4
3.7
= 0.925 −
4

I F

⁄2
E ⁄2 . E

D D

C B

H H
⁄2

A ⁄2 1.75
A
⁄2

⁄2
⁄2

⁄2

C B F
1.75m 1.75m

 STRIP A-A

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⁄2 = 8.105 ⁄ ⁄2 = 8.105 ⁄

0.55
1.75

0.575

By taking moment at the left support and (strip A-A) is 8.27 , we can
determine Value of .

(1.75 .
8.105 ∗ 2 ) + (8.105 ∗ 0.55 ∗ 6.75 + − 8.27
=
0.65 ∗ (3.15 + 0.575)
= 18.05
Cantilever moment
8.105 ∗ (1.75)
= = 12.41
2
Positive moment

2
= ∗ (12.41 ) = 8.27
3
1
= ∗ (12.41 ) = 4.14
3

 STRIP B-B
.

. .

1.75m
0.925

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(1.75
16.21 ∗ 2 − 41.37
= . = −15.02
0.925 ∗ (0.825 + )
Cantilever moment
16.21 ∗ (0.825)
= = 5.52 .
2
Positive moment

2
= ∗ (5.52 ) = 3.68
3
1
= ∗ (5.52 ) = 1.84
3
 STRIP C-C
.

. .

1.75m
0.925

(1.75
8.105 ∗ 2 − 8.27
= . = 3.48
0.925 ∗ (0.825 + )

Cantilever moment
8.105 ∗ (1.75)
= = 12.41 .
2
Positive moment
2
= ∗ (12.41 ) = 8.27
3
Negative moment
1
= ∗ (12.41 ) = 4.14
3
 STRIP D-D

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. .

2.30m
0.575

(2.3
16.21 ∗ 2 − 75.82
= . = −28.47
0.575 ∗ (1.725 + )

Cantilever moment
16.21 ∗ (1.725)
= = 24.12 .
2
Positive moment
2
= ∗ (24.12 ) = 16.08
3

Negative moment
1
= ∗ (24.12 ) = 8.04
3
 STRIP E-E
.

48.79KNm

2.3m
0.575
(2.3
8.105 ∗ 2 ) − 48.79
= . = −23.64
0.575 ∗ (1.725 + )
Cantilever moment

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8.105 ∗ (1.725)
= = 12.06 .
2
Positive moment
2
= ∗ (12.06 ) = 8.04
3
Negative moment
1
= ∗ (12.06 ) = 4.02
3
 STRIP F-F
The moments for the Y-direction middle strip of the basic case (without hole) may be
used without change .i.e. = 41.37 . , = 20.68 .
 STRIP H-H

We know that maximum moment occurs where shear is zero. By taking moment left
support of the strip reaction force on right side can be determined and the maximum
moment will be calculated
.
53.7 ∗ 1.75 2 + 8.105 ∗ 0.55 ∗ 6.75 +
= = 16.22
7

+ = (53.7 ∗ 1.75) + (8.105 ∗ 0.55)

= 82.21
Maximum moment can occur at shear is zero at any x distance from left support.

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Value of x where shear is zero can be calculated as follow by taking summation of

moment at the left support is zero
82.21
−53.7 ( ) + 82.21 =0 ⇒ = = 1.53
53.7
Therefore maximum moment will be:

+ 53.7 ∗ 1.75 2 − 82.21 ∗ 1.53 =0

= 43.55 .

Pane S-10
= = 18.74
ℎ ℎ − 14 , = = 3.2 , = = 7.65

The discontinuity lines are selected as shown in the figure below.

Edge strip width, ⁄4 = 3.2⁄4 = 0.80
Use ratio of support moment to span moment = 5

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3.2
2= 2 = 1.60
− 3.2 ) = 6.05
2 = 7.65 − ( 2
X-DIRECTION
 MIDDLE STRIP (STRIP ALONG A-A)

=
0.8

0.8 4
−

1 + 32

=
8 −1

7.65
= = 2.39, . ℎ , =
3.2

18.74 ⁄

0.8 6.85

Support moment at the support is can be calculated using the following equation.

( (3.2
∗ 16) 18.74 ∗ 16)
− 4 = 7.65 − 3.2 4
= ∗ 1+ ∗ 1+
8 8 6.85

= 3.01 .

So value of k will be determined by substituting value of moment in the above equation

to be 0.11. Then we obtain the following or

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1 + 32 1 + (32 ∗ (−3.01))
18.74 ∗ (3.2)
⇒ = = = 0.03
8 −1 8 7.65 3.2 − 1

Revised moments:

18.74 ⁄
0.8

0.8 6.05
−1.189

Maximum span moment occurs at

3.2
= (1 − ) ∗ = (1 − 0.03) ∗ = 0.78
4 4
Therefore maximum span moment
8
= −3+
32
0.03 ∗ 18.74 ∗ (3.2) 8 ∗ 7.65
= − 3 + 0.03
32 3.2
= 2.9 .
 EDGE STRIP

Half of middle strip moments

1 1
= ( )( ) = ∗ 3.46 = 1.73
2 2
1 1
= ( )( ) = ∗ 6.18 = 3.09
2 2

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Y DIRECTION STRIPS:
 MIDDLE STRIP

10.81 ⁄

3.2

Moment at the support

10.81 ∗ (3.2 )
= = = 9.23
12 12
Moment at the span
10.81 ∗ (3.2 )
= = = 4.61
24 24

 STRIPS A-A

5.405 5.405

0.8 1.6 0.8

Cantilever momement
5.405 ∗ (0.8)
= = 1.73
2
Moment at the support

5
= ∗ 1.73 = 1.130
7.65

Moment at the span

1
= ∗ 1.73 = 0.226
7.65

 STRIP B-B: Strip along the strong band

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(1 + )w 12.0
(1 + 11.41
2)w (1 + 2)w
11.41

0.8 1.6 0.8 0.8 1.6 0.8

Moment at the support =

12 ∗ (3.2)
≈ = = 10.24 .
12 12
= (1 + ) ( )
= 1.11 ∗ 9.23 = 10.24

Moment at the span

12 ∗ (3.2)
≈ = = 5.12 .
24 24

= ((1 + ) ( )
= 1.11 ∗ 4.61 = 5.12

Figure 3. 20: first floor slab moment (KN.m)

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3.3.4.7.Design Moment Adjustment

3.3.4.7.1. Support Moment Adjustment

There are two cases to be considered in the adjustment of support moment.

Case-1:
− +
∗ 100% < 20% → = ℎ >
2
Case-2:
− +
∗ 100% > 20% → = ℎ >
2
ℎ = −
> .

>

= − ∗∆ ℎ
+

= + ∗∆
+
Where:
3
= , =
4

Note that if adjustment is between two-way and cantilever, then =

As a sample, the following is done.
Panel S-1 and S-2 –on axis 1 adjustment is required.
∆ = 32.36 − 15.13 = 17.23
∆ 17.23
ℎ : = = 53.24% > 20%
32.36
Therefore the adjustment will be done as

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Therefore, use the moment distribution method

= + ( − )
+

0.452
= 8.49 + (32.36 − 15.13)
0.548 + 0.452

= 16.28 /

Panel S-4 and S-5 –on axis C adjustment is required.

∆ = 25.56 − 16.49 = 9.07
∆ 9.07
ℎ : = = 35.49% > 20%
25.56
Therefore, use the moment distribution method

= + ( − )
+
0.452
= 16.49 + (25.56 − 16.49)
0.548 + 0.452
= 20.59 /

3.3.4.7.2. Span Moment Adjustment /Field Moment Adjustment

 Panel S-2 = 7.00 , = 8.50 & = 1.2

Ly=8.50

= 0.338 = 0.344
= 0.172 = 0.364
∆ = 48.98 − 45.43 = −7.31

∆ = 36.74 − 16.28 = 20.46 ⁄

∆ = ∆ +

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∆ = (0.172 ∗ 20.46) = 3.52 /

⇒ = , +∆
⇒ = 48.98 + 3.52 = 52.5 /
∆ = ∆ +
∆ = (0.364 ∗ 20.46) = 7.45 /
⇒ = , +∆
⇒ = 36.74 + 7.45 = 44.19

 Panel S-4 = 4.25 , = 7.00 & = 1.65

Ly=8.50

= 0.295 = 0.443
= 0.083 = 0.289

∆ = 7.07 − 12.37 = −5.3

∆ = 9.42 − 7.91 = 1.51

∆ = ∆ +
∆ = (0.083 ∗ 1.51) = 0.125 /
⇒ = , +∆
⇒ = 9.42 + 0.125 = 9.545 /
∆ = ∆ +

∆ = (0.289 ∗ 1.51) = 0.44 /

⇒ = , +∆

⇒ = 7.07 + 0.44 = 7.51

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3.3.4.7.3. Finial adjusted moment for first floor Slab

Table 3. 29: final adjusted moment for First floor slab

Actual Moment Adjusted moment

Panel
( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . )
S-1 15.13 9.33 11.35 7.06 11.86 9.33 15.97 7.06
S-2 45.48 48.98 32.36 36.74 39.37 52.50 27.52 44.19
S-3 23.53 12.61 17.65 9.53 27.52 13.41 9.83 9.76
S-4 16.49 9.42 12.37 7.07 16.49 9.59 11.80 7.51
S-5 34.34 25.56 25.56 19.17 20.45 25.56 20.59 19.17
S-7 5.07 3.08 3.82 2.33 7.91 3.08 15.97 2.33
S-8 8.99 4.49 0.00 0.00 25.46 4.49 0.00 0.00
S-9 5.27 2.96 3.98 2.22 9.95 2.96 3.98 2.22
CS-1 15.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.97 0.00 0.00 0.00

3.3.4.8.Flexural Design for third Slab

3.3.4.8.1. Maximum spacing of reinforcement
For the principal reinforcement:

3ℎ = 3 ∗ 240 = 720
≤
400
⇒ = 400

For the secondary reinforcement:

3.5ℎ = 3.5 ∗ 240 = 840

≤
450
⇒ = 450
3.3.4.8.2. Minimum area of reinforcement

Effective depth, = 240 − (20 + 5) = 215 ( )

Effective depth, = 240 − (20 + 10 + 5) = 205 ( )
ℎ , =1 = 1000
215 + 205
= = 210
2

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0.26
, =
0.0013
2.9 ∗ 1000 ∗ 210
= 0.26 = 395.85
400
0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 210 = 273
, = 395.85

, ⁄

3.3.4.8.3. Maximum area of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement

Maximum limits (for tension or compression reinforcement) are needed to achieve adequate
concrete compaction
, = 0.04 = 0.04 ∗ 1000 ∗ 210 = 8400

3.3.4.8.4. Sample Calculation Bending Reinforcement bars for Roof Slab

Panels S-1
With class S-1, XC-3 exposure condition, = 20

= 215
2.9
0.26 0.26 = 0.001883
= = 400
0.0013 0.0013
= 0.001883
= 0.04

Bending – Longer span

= 16.28 ⁄

Maximum area of reinforcement:

, = 0.04 = 0.04 = 0.04 ∗ 1000 ∗ 215 = 8600

Minimum area of reinforcement

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0.26
, =
0.0013
2.9 ∗ 1000 ∗ 215
= 0.26 = 405.28
400
0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 215 = 279.5
, = 405.28

, ⁄ 190

Bending reinforcement:
= 16.28
16.28 × 10
= = = 0.01174
1000 ∗ (215) ∗ 30
For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − 1.134 = 212.75

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 16.28 ⁄ :

= ≥ ,

16.28 × 10
= = 219.99 > , = 405.28
(347.83) ∗ 211.67

⇒ = 405.28

Spacing:
(10)
= , ℎ , = = = 78.54
4 4

1000(78.54)
= = 193.79 < = 400
405.28

Provide ⁄

Bending reinforcement:
= 7.06

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7.06 × 10
= = = 0.00509
1000 ∗ (215) ∗ 30
For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − 1.134 = 214.03

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 11.86 ⁄

= ≥ ,

7.06 × 10
= = 94.83 < , = 405.28
(347.83) ∗ 214.03

⇒ = 405.28

Spacing:
(10)
= , ℎ , = = = 78.54
4 4
1000(78.54)
= = 193.79 < = 400
405.28

Provide ⁄
1) Bending – Short span

= 11.86 ⁄

= 240 − (20 + 10 + 5) = 205

Minimum area of reinforcement:

0.26
, =
0.0013
2.9 ∗ 1000 ∗ 205
= 0.26 ∗ = 386.42
400
0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 205 = 266.5
⇒ , = 386.42

, ⁄ 200
Maximum area of reinforcement:
, = 0.04 = 0.04 = 0.04 ∗ 1000 ∗ 205

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

= 8200
Bending reinforcement:

= 11.86

11.86 × 10
= = = 0.00941
1000 ∗ (205) ∗ 30
For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − 1.134 = 203.28

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 11.86 ⁄

= ≥ ,

11.86 × 10
= = 167.73 < , = 386.42
(347.83) ∗ 203.28

⇒ = 386.42

Spacing:
(10)
= , ℎ , = = = 78.54
4 4

1000(78.54)
= = 200 < = 400
386.42

Provide ⁄
Bending reinforcement:
= 9.33
9.33 × 10
= = = 0.0074
1000 ∗ (205) ∗ 30
For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − 1.134 = 203.65

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 9.33 ⁄ :

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 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

= ≥ ,

9.33 × 10
= = 31.71 < , = 386.42
(347.83) ∗ 203.65

⇒ = 386.42

Provide ⁄

Table 3. 30: Summary First floor Reinforcements bars

Main Reinforcement
Moment d Z , ≥ , Provide
Panels (KN m) (mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm2) (mm) reinforcement bars
S 16.28 215 0.01761 211.61 405.28 221.18 193.79 ⁄ 190

f 9.33 215 0.01009 213.07 405.28 125.89 193.79 ⁄ 190

S-1
s 11.86 205 0.01411 202.42 386.42 168.45 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 7.06 205 0.00840 203.47 386.42 99.76 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 39.37 215 0.04259 206.60 405.28 547.86 143.36 ⁄ 140

f 52.50 215 0.05679 203.63 405.28 741.22 105.96 ⁄ 100

S-2
s 27.52 205 0.03274 198.90 386.42 397.78 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 44.19 205 0.05258 195.01 386.42 651.48 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 27.52 215 0.02977 209.20 405.28 378.20 207.67 ⁄ 200

f 13.41 215 0.01451 212.21 405.28 181.67 193.79 ⁄ 190

S-3
s 9.83 205 0.01170 202.86 386.42 139.31 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 9.76 205 0.01161 202.88 386.42 138.31 203.25 ⁄ 200

16.49 215 0.01784 211.56 405.28 224.09 193.79 ⁄ 190

s
S-4
f 9.59 215 0.01037 213.01 405.28 129.43 193.79 ⁄ 190

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 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

s
11.86 205 0.01411 202.42 386.42 168.45 203.25 ⁄ 200

f
7.51 205 0.00894 203.37 386.42 106.17 203.25 ⁄ 200

20.45 215 0.02212 210.72 405.28 279.01 193.79 ⁄ 190

s

25.56 215 0.02765 209.62 405.28 350.55 193.79 ⁄ 190

f
S-5
s
20.59 205 0.02450 200.47 386.42 295.28 203.25 ⁄ 200

f
19.17 205 0.02281 200.79 386.42 274.48 203.25 ⁄ 200

7.91 215 0.00856 213.37 405.28 106.58 193.79 ⁄ 190

s

3.08 215 0.00333 214.37 405.28 41.31 193.79 ⁄ 190

f
S-7
s 15.97 205 0.01900 201.51 386.42 227.85 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 2.33 205 0.00277 204.50 386.42 32.76 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 25.46 215 0.02754 209.65 405.28 349.15 193.79 ⁄ 190

f 4.49 215 0.00486 214.08 405.28 60.30 193.79 ⁄ 190

S-9
s 0.00 205 0.00000 205.00 386.42 0.00 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 0.00 205 0.00000 205.00 386.42 0.00 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 9.95 215 0.01076 212.94 405.28 134.34 193.79 ⁄ 190

f 2.96 215 0.00320 214.39 405.28 39.69 193.79 ⁄ 190

S-10
s 3.98 205 0.00474 204.14 386.42 56.05 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 2.22 205 0.00264 204.52 386.42 31.21 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 15.97 215 0.01727 211.67 405.28 216.91 193.79 ⁄ 190

f 0.00 215 0.00000 215.00 405.28 0.00 193.79 ⁄ 190

CS-1
s 0.00 205 0.00000 205.00 386.42 0.00 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 0.00 205 0.00000 205.00 386.42 0.00 203.25 ⁄ 200

CS-1 s 15.97 215 0.01727 211.67 405.28 216.91 193.79 ⁄ 190

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f 0.00 215 0.00000 215.00 405.28 0.00 193.79 ⁄ 190

s 0.00 205 0.00000 205.00 386.42 0.00 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 0 205 0.00000 205.00 386.42 0.00 203.25 ⁄ 200

Main Reinforcement
Moment d Z , ≥ , Provide
Panels (KN m) (mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm2) (mm) reinforcement bars
S 8.32 215 0.00900 213.28 405.28 112.15 193.79 ⁄ 190

f 4.16 215 0.00450 214.14 405.28 55.85 193.79 ⁄ 190

s 18 205 0.02142 201.05 386.42 257.39 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 9 205 0.01071 203.05 386.42 127.43 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 13.39 205 0.01593 202.08 405.28 190.50 193.79 ⁄ 190

S-3
f 6.69 205 0.00796 203.55 405.28 94.49 193.79 ⁄ 190

s 5.43 215 0.00587 213.88 386.42 72.99 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 2.72 215 0.00294 214.44 386.42 36.47 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 2.72 215 0.00294 214.44 405.28 36.47 193.79 ⁄ 190

f 1.36 215 0.00147 214.72 405.28 18.21 193.79 ⁄ 190

s 145.5 205 0.17311 166.46 386.42 2512.96 31.25 ⁄ 30

f 73.25 205 0.08715 187.80 386.42 1121.34 70.04 ⁄ 70

2.67 215 0.00289 214.45 405.28 35.79 193.79 ⁄ 190

s

f 6.92 215 0.00749 213.57 405.28 93.15 193.79 ⁄ 190

s
1.34 215 0.00145 214.72 386.42 17.94 203.25 ⁄ 200
S-6
3.46 215 0.00374 214.29 386.42 46.42 203.25 ⁄ 200
f

s
14.24 205 0.01694 201.89 405.28 202.78 193.79 ⁄ 190

7.12 205 0.00847 203.46 405.28 100.61 193.79 ⁄ 190

f

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s 1.745 205 0.00208 204.62 386.42 24.52 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 0.349 205 0.00042 204.92 386.42 4.90 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 16.61 205 0.01976 201.36 405.28 237.15 193.79 ⁄ 190

f 8.31 205 0.00989 203.20 405.28 117.58 193.79 ⁄ 190

Main Reinforcement
Moment d Z , ≥ , Provide
Panel (KN m) (mm) (mm) (mm2) (mm2) (mm) reinforcement bars
2.76 215 0.00299 214.43 405.28 37.00 193.79 ⁄ 190
s

f 2.68 215 0.00290 214.45 405.28 35.93 193.79 ⁄ 190

s
1.38 215 0.00149 214.72 386.42 18.48 203.25 ⁄ 200

1.34 215 0.00145 214.72 386.42 17.94 203.25 ⁄ 200

f

s
14.72 205 0.01751 201.78 405.28 209.73 193.79 ⁄ 190
S-10
7.36 205 0.00876 203.40 405.28 104.03 193.79 ⁄ 190
f

s 1.8 205 0.00214 204.61 386.42 25.29 203.25 ⁄ 200

f 0.361 205 0.00043 204.92 386.42 5.06 203.25 ⁄ 200

s 15.61 205 0.01857 201.59 405.28 222.63 193.79 ⁄ 190

f 7.81 205 0.00929 203.31 405.28 110.44 193.79 ⁄ 190

3.3.4.9. Shear design

3.3.4.9.1. Shear Stress for S -2
Assuming the beam width to be 250 mm
= (0.5 − )
Where:
= = 17.85

= ℎ = 3.52 − 0.25 = 3.27

= ℎ =1 = 1000

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= ℎ = 210

→ = (0.5 − ) = 17.85[(0.5 ∗ 3.27) − 0.210] ∗ 1

= 25.44

3.3.4.9.2. Shear Strength:

The shear resistance of the concrete , , in such situations is given by an empirical expression:

0.12 (100 )
, =
0.035

Where:
, = The design shear resistance of the section without shear reinforcement

200
=1+ ≤ 2.0 ℎ

200 200
=1+ =1+ = 1.976
210
→ = 1.976
Taking minimum reinforcement, ⁄ 200
405.28
= = = 0.001929
1000 ∗ 210
0.12 ∗ 2(100 ∗ 0.001976 ∗ 30) ∗ 1000 ∗ 210 × 10 = 91.22
, =
.
0.035(1.976) (30) ∗ 1000 ∗ 210 × 10 = 111.82

, = 111.82 > = 25.44 !

3.3.4.9.3. Checking the deflection

 Percentage of required tension reinforcement,

, 547.86
= = = 0.00267
1000 ∗ 205

 Reference reinforcement ratio,

√30
= = 0.00548
1000

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 For panel S-1Factor for structural system, = 1.3

( ⁄ ) = 11 + 1.5√30 + 3.2√30 −1

0.00548 0.00548
( ⁄ ) = 1.3 11 + 1.5√30 + 3.2√30 −1
0.00267 0.00267

( ⁄ ) = 1.3[11 + 16.85 + 15.45] = 56.29

 Modification factor for steel area provided

= , ⁄ , = 547.86⁄405.28 = 1.35 ≤ 1.5

 Therefore, allowable span-effective depth ratio:

( ⁄ ) = 56.29 ∗ 1.25 ∗ 1.35 = 94.99
 Actual span-effective depth ratio:
( ⁄ ) = 7000⁄210 = 33.33 < ( ⁄ ) !

3.2.STAIRCASE
3.2.1. Introduction

Reinforced concrete stairs are essential elements in building to transfer people from one level to
another. The staircase consists of landings and flights. The flight is an inclined slab that consists of
risers and treads (going), while the landing is a horizontal slab. The flights and the landings are
supported on broken, inclined or horizontal beam and columns as shown in Figure 3.22.

Figure 3. 21: Details of landings and flights for a stair case

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The stair consists of risers and treads (going). The height of the riser ( r ) is about 150 – 200mm,
while the width of the going ( ) is about 250-300mm as shown in Figure 3.23. The higher the riser
the shorter the going. It is common practice to form the height of the riser at 150 mm and the width
of the going at 300 mm.

To achieve comfort, landing has to be formed every 10-14 steps. Landing may be also needed when
a change in the direction of the stairs is required.

Figure 3. 22: Geometric design of the stairs

3.2.2. Structural Systems of Stairs
From the structural point of view, the types of stairs can be classified into five categories as follows:

1. Cantilever type
2. Slab type
3. Slab-beam type
4. spiral type
5. Free-standing type
The main differences among these types are the way through which the flights and the landings
transfer their loads to the supporting beams and columns.

3.2.3. Design of stair cases

The types of stairs illustrated above and others can now also be investigated by finite element
methods and similar procedures suitable for computer analysis, and with such methods it is often
possible to account of the three dimensional nature of the stair.

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Figure 3. 23: Stair case Layouts

3.2.4. Design of Longitudinal Spacing Stair

STAIR 1 (From ground up to 6th floor)

3.2.4.1. First flight

Figure 3. 24: First flight /or section A-A

3.2.4.1.1. Depth determination
Depth determination: Serviceability requirement used equation.

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Where:

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⁄
= 11 + 1.5 + 3.2 −1 ≤

1 ′
= 11 + 1.5 ′
+ >
− 12

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Where:
√30
= = = 0.00548 = 0.548%
1000 1000

= 0.5% ( : 2015)

⁄
= 11 + 1.5 + 3.2 −1 = 0.5 % ≤ = 0.548 %

⁄
0.548 0.548
= 11 + 1.5√30 + 3.2√30 −1
0.50 0.50

= 11 + 9 + 0.5213 = 20.52

500 500
= = = 1.25
400
=1 =1

⇒ = 20.52 ∗ 1 ∗ 1 ∗ 1.25 ∗ = 25.65

Interior stair (K =1.5)

= 25.65 = 25.65 ∗ 1.5 = 38.475

= 1.50 + 2.50 + 1.8 = 5.86 = 5860

5860
≥ = = 152.31
⁄ 38.475

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ℎ = + + = 152.31 + 7 + 20 = 179.31
2
,ℎ = 180

3.2.4.1.2. Loading condition

The staircase slabs and landings should be designed to support the most unfavorable arrangement
of loads.
a) Live load,

Live loads for which stairs should be designed are given on ES EN-1, 1992-1-1:2015 depending
on the categories of building areas, =4 ⁄

b) Dead Loads
The dead load for flight considers the weight of treads, weight of finishes, and the increased
loading in plan due to the inclination of the waist. Dead load of step is calculated by treating the
step to be equivalent to the horizontal slab of thickness equal to half the rise.

Data:

 Riser = 180
 Thread = 270
 Waist = 320
 Stair width , = 1.48
180
= = (0.667) = 33.7
270
300 330
ℎ , = + = 510.60
33.7 2
a) Landing
 Floor finishing:
 3 = 1.48 ∗ 23 ⁄ ∗ 0.03 = 1.0212 ⁄
 3 = 1.48 ∗ 27 ⁄ ∗ 0.03 = 1.1988 ⁄
 = 1.48 ∗ 23 ⁄ ∗ 0.03 = 1.0212 ⁄
 Weight of Slab = 1.48 ∗ 25 ⁄ ∗ 0.18 = 6.66 ⁄
 , = 1.0212 + 1.1988 + 1.0212 + 6.66
= 9.9012 KN⁄m

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 , = 4 KN⁄m ∗ 1.48m = 5.92 ⁄

 , = 1.35G + 1.50Q = 22.25 KN⁄m
b) First flight:
 Floor finishing :
 3 = 23 ⁄ ∗ 0.03 = 0.690 ⁄
 3 = 27 ⁄ ∗ 0.03 = 0.810 ⁄
 Soft plastering = 23 ⁄ ∗ 0.03 = 0.690 ⁄
 On the Tread = (0.69 + 0.81 + 0.69) ∗ 1.48m = 3.241 KN⁄m
 On the Riser = 3.2412 ∗ 0.18 ∗ 1.48m ∗ 10⁄3.07 = 2.8126 KN⁄m
 = (0.30 ∗ 1.48 ∗ 25 ⁄ )⁄ 33.7 = 13.342 KN⁄m
 = (0.511 ∗ 0.27 ∗ 0.18 ∗ 1.48 ∗ 25 ⁄ )⁄0.27 = 3.403 KN⁄m
 , = 3.241 + 2.813 + 13.342 + 3.403 = 22.961 KN⁄m
 , = 4 KN⁄m ∗ 1.48m = 5.92 KN⁄m
 , = 1.35 + 1.50 = 39.88 ⁄
3.2.4.1.3. Modeling
Bending moment determination

. ⁄
. ⁄ . ⁄

. . .

Figure 3. 25: Design Load distribution first flight

=0

=0

R = −14.60KN R = 123.17 KN R = 63.96KN

Bending moment diagram and shear forces diagram

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(a) BMD in KN.m

(b) SFD in KN
Figure 3. 26: SAP software output of Moment diagram and Shear force diagram
Design actions

Design moment = 53.83 KN.m

Design shear = 74.70 KN

3.2.4.1.4. Check for deflection

5
=
384

Where:

 = is the maximum of un-factored dead load and live load at landing or

steps.
 At steps = 22.96 + 5.92 = 28.88 ⁄
 = ℎ 1.5 + 2.50 + 1.80 = 5.80
 = 33

∗( ℎ ) 1.48 ∗ (0.30)
= = = 0.003996
12 12

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5 ∗ 28.88 ∗ (5.80) ∗ 1480

= = 0.0052537 = 5.2537
384 ∗ 30 ∗ 0.003996 ∗ 10

According to ES EN-2, 1992-1-1: 2015, the final deflection shall not be exceeding the value

=
200

Where: −effective length

= (1.50 + 2.50 + 1.80) ∗ 1000 = 5800

5800
= = = 29
200 200

There are = 5.2537 < = 29 !

3.2.4.1.5. Check shear capacity

Tensional shear capacity as per ES EN-2, 1992-1-1: 2015,

The shear capacity of the concrete, , , in such situations is given by an empirical expression:

⁄ ⁄
, = 0.035

Where:

= 300 − 20 = 280 , = 1.48

200
=1+ ≤ 2.0 ℎ

200 200
=1+ =1+ = 1.845
280

⇒ = 1.845
⁄ ⁄ ⁄
⇒ , = 0.035 = 0.035 (1.845) (30) (1480)(280) ∗ (10 )

= 199.09 ⁄

, = 199.09 ⁄ > = 74.70 ⁄

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3.2.4.1.6. Reinforcement calculation

a) Minimum area of reinforcement
2.9 ∗ 1480 ∗ 280
0.26 0.26 = 781.14
, = = 400
0.0013 0.0013 ∗ 1480 ∗ 280 = 538.72

, = 781.14
b) Span reinforcement
Bending reinforcement: = 31.49 ⁄
31.49 × 10
= = = 0.009046
1480 ∗ (280) ∗ 30
For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 0.99 ∗ 280 = 277.75

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 31.49 ⁄ :

= ≥ ,

31.49 × 10
= = 325.95 ⁄ > , = 781.14
(347.83) ∗ 277.75
⇒ = 781.14 ⁄
Spacing:
(14)
= , ℎ , = = = 154
4 4

1480 ∗ (154)
= = 291.78 < = 400
781.14

Provide ⁄

c) Support reinforcement:
Bending reinforcement: = 53.83 ⁄
53.83 × 10
= = = 0.01546
1480 ∗ (280) ∗ 30
For the lever arm, Z:

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= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 0.986 ∗ 280 = 276.13

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 53.83 ⁄ :

= ≥ ,

53.83 × 10
= = 560.46 ⁄ > , = 781.14
(347.83) ∗ 276.13

⇒ = 781.14 ⁄
Spacing:
(14)
= , ℎ , = = = 154
4 4

1480 ∗ (154)
= = 291.78 < = 400
781.14

Provide ⁄

d) Transvers reinforcement
According to EBCS EN 1992-1-1 2015, the ratio of the secondary reinforcement to the
main reinforcement shall be at least equal to 0.2. Thus transverse reinforcement.
,( ) = 0.2 ( )

Provide ⁄

3.2.4.2.Second flight / or Section B-B

Figure 3. 27: Second flight /or section B-B

a) Landing

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 Floor finishing:
 3 = 1.42 ∗ 23 ⁄ ∗ 0.03 = 0.9798 ⁄
 3 = 1.42 ∗ 27 ⁄ ∗ 0.03 = 1.1502 ⁄
 = 1.42 ∗ 23 ⁄ ∗ 0.03 = 0.9798 ⁄
 Weight of Slab = 1.42 ∗ 25 ⁄ ∗ 0.18 = 6.39 ⁄
 , = 0.9798 + 1.1502 + 0.9798 + 639 = 9.4998 KN⁄m
 , = 4 KN⁄m ∗ 1.42m = 5.68 ⁄
 , = 1.35G + 1.50Q = 21.35 KN⁄m
b) Second flight / or section B-B:
 Floor finishing :
 3 = 23 ⁄ ∗ 0.03 = 0.690 ⁄
 3 = 27 ⁄ ∗ 0.03 = 0.810 ⁄
 Soft plastering = 23 ⁄ ∗ 0.03 = 0.690 ⁄
 On the Tread = (0.69 + 0.81 + 0.69) ∗ 1.42m = 3.1098 KN⁄m
 On the Riser = 3.1098 ∗ 0.18 ∗ 1.42m ∗ 11⁄2.5 = 2.497 KN⁄m
 = (0.30 ∗ 1.42 ∗ 25 ⁄ )⁄ 33.7 = 12.80 KN⁄m
 = (0.511 ∗ 0.27 ∗ 0.18 ∗ 1.42 ∗ 25 ⁄ )⁄0.27 = 3.265 KN⁄m
 , = 3.1098 + 2.497 + 12.8 + 3.265 = 21.67 KN⁄m
 , = 4 KN⁄m ∗ 1.42m = 5.68 KN⁄m
 , = 1.35 + 1.50 = 37.78 ⁄
3.2.4.2.1. Modeling
Bending moment determination

. ⁄
. ⁄ . ⁄

. . .

Figure 3. 28: Design Load distribution Second flight

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=0

=0

= 43.50 KN = 82.07 KN

Bending moment diagram and shear forces diagram

(c) BMD in KN.m

(d) SFD in KN
Figure 3. 29: SAP software output of Moment diagram and Shear force diagram
Design actions

Design moment = 89.84 KN.m

Design shear = 84.88KN

3.2.4.2.2. Check for deflection

5
=
384

Where:

 = is the maximum of un-factored dead load and live load at landing or

steps.
 At steps = 21.67 + 5.68 = 27.35 ⁄

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 = ℎ 1.50 + 2.5 + 1.8 = 5.8

 = 33

∗( ℎ ) 1.42 ∗ (0.30)
= = = 0.003195
12 12

5 ∗ 27.35 ∗ (5.8) ∗ 1420

= = 0.00119408 = 1.1941
384 ∗ 30 ∗ 0.003195 ∗ 10

According to ES EN-2, 1992-1-1: 2015, the final deflection shall not be exceeding the value

=
200

Where: −effective length

= (1.8 + 2.50 + 1.42) ∗ 1000 = 5720

5720
= = = 28.60
200 200

There are = 1.1941 < = 28.60 !

3.2.4.2.3. Check shear capacity

Tensional shear capacity as per ES EN-2, 1992-1-1: 2015,

The shear capacity of the concrete, , , in such situations is given by an empirical expression:

⁄ ⁄
, = 0.035

Where:
= 300 − 20 = 280 , = 1.42

200
=1+ ≤ 2.0 ℎ

200 200
=1+ =1+ = 1.845
280

⇒ = 1.845

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⁄ ⁄ ⁄
⇒ , = 0.035 = 0.035 (1.845) (30) (1420)(280) ∗ (10 )

= 191.04 ⁄

, = 191.04 ⁄ > = 84.88 ⁄

3.2.4.2.4. Reinforcement calculation

a) Minimum area of reinforcement

0.26
, =
0.0013
2.9 ∗ 1420 ∗ 280
= 0.26 = 749.48
400
0.0013 ∗ 1420 ∗ 280 = 516.88

, = 749.48
b) Span reinforcement
Bending reinforcement: = 48.73 ⁄
48.73 × 10
= = = 0.01459
1420 ∗ (280) ∗ 30
For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 0.987 ∗ 280 = 276.35

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 48.73 ⁄ :

= ≥ ,

48.73 × 10
= = 506.96 ⁄ > , = 749.48
(347.83) ∗ 276.35

⇒ = 749.48 ⁄
Spacing:
(14)
= , ℎ , = = = 154
4 4

1420 ∗ (154)
= = 291.78 < = 400
749.48

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Provide ⁄

c) Span reinforcement, = 24.93 ⁄ (right landing )

24.93 × 10
= = = 0.007464
1420 ∗ (280) ∗ 30
For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 0.99 ∗ 280 = 278.14

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 24.93 ⁄ :

= ≥ ,

24.93 × 10
= = 96.75 ⁄ > , = 749.48 ⁄
(347.83) ∗ 278.14

⇒ = 749.48 ⁄
Spacing:
(14)
= , ℎ , = = = 154
4 4

1420 ∗ (154)
= = 291.78 < = 400
749.48

Provide ⁄

d) Support reinforcement:
Bending reinforcement: = 89.84 ⁄
89.84 × 10
= = = 0.0269
1420 ∗ (280) ∗ 30
For the lever arm, Z:

= 0.5 + 0.25 − ⁄1.134 = 0.976 ∗ 280 = 273.2

Area of reinforcement bars due to = 89.84 ⁄ :

= ≥ ,

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89.84 × 10
=
(347.83) ∗ 273.20
= 945.44 ⁄ > , = 273.2
⇒ = 945.44 ⁄
Spacing:
(14)
= , ℎ , = = = 154
4 4

1420 ∗ (154)
= = 231.30 < = 400
945.44

Provide ⁄

e) Transvers reinforcement
According to EBCS EN 1992-1-1 2015, the ratio of the secondary reinforcement to the
main reinforcement shall be at least equal to 0.2. Thus transverse reinforcement.
,( ) = 0.2 ( )
= 919.39
Spacing:

(14)
= , ℎ , = = = 154
4 4

1250 ∗ (154)
= = 209.38 < = 450
919.39

Provide ⁄

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CHAPTER FOU: LOAD TRANSFER AND LATERAL LOAD ANALYSIS

4.1. LOAD TRANSFER TO BEAM

4.1.1. Load Transfer from slab to Beam

The design loads on beams supporting solid slabs spanning in two directions at right angle,
Supporting subjected to uniformly distributed loads may be assessed using equation (2.16).

Which assures that the load is assumed to be transferred only to 75% of the beam length as
shown figure 4.1.

0.75L

0.75L

⁄8 ⁄8

L
Figure 4. 1: Load Transfer to Beam

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To change to a uniformly distributed load over the whole length of beam assuming both for
the uniform and case (i) to have the same fixed end moments.

Case –I:
3 ⁄4 (3 − 9 ⁄16) 41
= =
24 508
Case-II:

=
12
41
ℎ , = ⇒ =
508 12
⇒ = 0.98

4.1.2. Load transfer from Roof floor slab to Roof floor beam

4.1.2.1.1. Shear forces Analysis of Roof floor

The shear force calculations using this equation.

V =β w L
V =β w L

Note put parallel to

= −
⇒ ,
= −
= −
⇒ ℎ ,
= −

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Table 4. 1: Shear forces analysis of Roof floor

Panel ( ) ⁄ ( ) ( ⁄ ) ( ) ( ⁄ )

S-1 4.25 1.65 0.50 0.00 0.36 0.24 22.90 0.00 16.54 11.03
S-2 7.00 1.21 0.47 0.31 0.40 0.26 35.61 23.74 30.27 19.67
S-3 7.00 1.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
S-4 7.00 1.21 0.40 0.27 0.36 0.00 30.62 20.42 27.24 0.00
S-5 4.25 1.65 0.56 0.37 0.40 0.26 25.60 17.06 18.38 11.95
S-6 4.25 1.65 0.46 0.00 0.33 0.00 21.31 0.00 15.16 0.00
S-7 7.00 1.21 0.39 0.00 0.33 0.00 29.64 0.00 24.97 0.00
S-8 7.00 1.21 0.40 0.27 0.36 0.00 30.62 20.42 27.24 0.00
S-9 2.50 1.70 0.50 0.00 0.36 0.24 13.61 0.00 9.73 6.49
S-10 2.50 3.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
S-11 2.50 1.70 0.47 0.00 0.33 0.00 12.70 0.00 8.92 0.00
S-12 3.20 2.39 34.59
CS-1 1.40 10.00 15.13

Figure 4. 2: Roof floor shear force ( ⁄ )

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4.1.2.1.2. Check Shear / Section Capacity /

The shear capacity of the concrete, , , in such situations is given by an empirical expression:

0.12 (100 )
, =
0.035

Where:
, = The design shear resistance of the section without shear reinforcement

200
=1+ ≤ 2.0 ℎ

200 200
=1+ =1+ = 1.971
212

→ = 1.971
Taking minimum reinforcement, ⁄ 120

407.16
= = = 0.001921
1000 ∗ 212

0.12 ∗ 1.971(100 ∗ 0.001921 ∗ 30) ∗ 1000 ∗ 212 × 10 = 89.89

, =
.
0.035(1.971) (30) ∗ 1000 ∗ 212 × 10 = 112.46

, = 112.46 ⁄

. = 31.05 ⁄ < , = 112.46 ⁄ !

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4.1.2.1.3. Summary of Shear force for dead loads and live load of roof floor

Figure 4. 3: Roof floor summary of shear force ( ⁄ )

4.1.2.1.4. Summary of Shear Load Transferred on each beam from Roof slab
Table 4. 2: Summary of shear transferred on each beams

Shear force ,V Transferred shear force [0.98*V]

Span Axis (KN/m) (in KN/m)
1- 2 15.84 15.523
2- 3 A 23.02 22.560
5-6 12.11 20.286
1-2 32.14 11.868
2-3 64.57 31.497
3-5 B 38.029 63.279
5-6 38.029 37.268
6-7 37.26 37.268
1-2 29.14 36.515
2-3 43.76 28.557
3-5 C 43.76 42.885
5-6 20.70 42.885
6-7 12.11 20.286
1-2 32.43 11.868
2-3 52.22 31.781
D
3-4 32.23 51.156
4-5 13.70 31.683
1-2 E 12.11 13.426

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

2-3 23.02 11.868

3-4 12.11 22.560
A-B 69.104 11.868
B-C 36.944 67.722
1
C-D 6.58 36.205
D-E 17.30 6.448
A-B 54.45 16.954
B-C 46.92 53.361
2
C-D 9.86 45.982
D-E 56.64 9.663
A-B 30.69 55.507
B-C 50.64 30.076
3
C-D - 49.627
D-E 56.64
D- E 4 17.30 55.507
A-B 45.87 16.954
B-C 5 43.85 44.953
C-D 10.08 42.973
A-B 53.57 9.878
6
B-C 53.57 52.499
A-B 17.30 52.499
7
B-C 17.30 16.954

The above Table 4.2 is indicating the summary of shear transferred on each beam from roof
Slabs.
4.1.2.2. Load Transfer from first floor slab to first floor Beam

The design loads on beams supporting solid slabs spanning in two directions at right angle
subjected to uniformly distributed loads may be computed using equation 2.16.

4.1.2.2.1. Shear forces Analysis of first floor

The shear force calculations using above equation

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Table 4. 3: Shear forces analysis of first Floor

Panel ( ) ⁄ ( ) ( ⁄ ) ( ) ( ⁄ )
S-1 4.25 1.65 0.50 0.00 0.36 0.24 29.57 0.00 21.36 14.24
S-2 7.00 1.21 0.40 0.27 0.36 0.00 50.57 33.71 44.98 0.00
S-3 4.25 1.65 0.46 0.00 0.33 0.00 30.57 0.00 21.75 0.00
S-4 4.25 1.65 0.40 0.46 0.00 0.33 28.04 32.13 0.00 22.86
S-5 7.00 1.21 0.39 0.00 0.33 0.00 44.70 0.00 37.65 0.00
S-6 5.00 1.70 0.47 0.00 0.33 0.00 38.31 0.00 26.90 0.00
S-7 2.50 1.70 0.47 0.00 0.33 0.00 15.63 0.00 10.97 0.00
S-8 2.50 3.40 0.47 0.00 0.33 0.00 20.30 0.00 14.25 0.00
S-9 2.50 1.70 0.47 0.00 0.33 0.00 17.39 0.00 12.21 0.00
S-10 3.20 2.39 0.63 0.42 0.40 0.26 34.92 23.28 22.08 14.35
S-6" 2.00 4.25 0.59 0.00 0.33 0.00 19.23 0.00 10.76 0.00
CS-1 1.40 10.00 0.77 0.51 0.00 0.30 17.53 11.68 0.00 6.85
CS-2 1.40 6.79 0.75 0.50 0.00 0.30 17.18 11.45 0.00 6.85

Figure 4. 4: first floor shear force ( ⁄ )

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4.1.2.2.2. Check Shear / Section Capacity /

The shear capacity of the concrete, , , in such situations is given by an empirical expression:

0.12 (100 )
, =
0.035

Where:
, = The design shear resistance of the section without shear reinforcement

200
=1+ ≤ 2.0 ℎ

200 200
=1+ =1+ = 1.976
210

→ = 1.976
Taking minimum reinforcement, ⁄ 200

405.28
= = = 0.001929
1000 ∗ 210

0.12 ∗ 1.976(100 ∗ 0.001929 ∗ 30) ∗ 1000 ∗ 210 × 10 = 89.40

, =
.
0.035(1.976) (30) ∗ 1000 ∗ 210 × 10 = 111.82

, = 111.82 ⁄

. = 25.44 ⁄ < , = 111.82 ⁄ !

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4.1.2.2.3. Summary of Shear force for dead loads and live load of first floor
Table 4. 4: First floor summary of shear force( ⁄ )

Shear force ,V Transferred shear force [0.98*V]

Span Axis (KN/m) (in KN/m)
1' - 1 6.85 6.71
1- 2 14.24 13.96
2- 3 33.71 33.04
A
3-5 33.71 33.04
5–6 33.71 33.04
6–7 21.75 21.32
1- 2 44.22 43.34
2–3 95.27 93.36
3–5 B 88.88 87.10
5–6 84.27 82.58
6–7 21.75 21.32
1' - 1 13.7 13.43
1–2 38.49 37.72
2–3 65.00 63.70
3–4 C 38.62 37.85
4–5 23.28 22.81
5 –6 50.57 49.56
6 –7 21.75 21.32
1–2 37.38 36.63
2–3 54.01 52.93
D
3–4 39.14 38.36
4–5 34.92 34.22
1' - 1 6.85 6.71
1–2 21.75 21.32
E
2-3 50.57 49.56
3–4 21.75 21.32
A –C 1’ 11.68 11.45
C–E 11.68 11.45
A–B 29.57 28.98
B–C 45.57 44.66
1
C–D 10.97 10.75
D–E 48.1 47.14
A–B 74.55 73.06
2
B–C 69.78 68.38

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C–D 25.22 24.72

D–E 75.55 74.04
A–B 89.96 88.16
B–C 64.55 63.26
3
C–D 26.46 25.93
D–E 75.55 74.04
C- D 26.56 26.03
4
D–E 30.57 29.96
A–B 89.96 88.16
B–C 5 55.74 54.63
C–D 22.08 21.64
A–B 75.55 74.04
6
B–C 75.55 74.04
A–B 30.57 29.96
7
B–C 30.57 29.96

The above table is indicating the summary of shear transferred on each beam from first floor Slabs.

4.1.2.2.4. Distribution of loads on each beam (shear transferred) for first floor
Wall Load: Load from wall has been summarized in the following table below. Distributions of
loads on each beam from wall load are as follow
Table 4. 5: :Internal wall

Span Unit Weight ℎ ℎ Dead load

( ⁄ 3) ( ) ( ) ( ⁄ )
HCB 16 3.52 0.15 8.45
WALL LOAD ON Plastering 23 3.52 0.025 4.09
Total 12.54
Table 4. 6: : External wall
Unit Weight ℎ ℎ Dead load
Span ( ⁄ 3) ( ) ( ) ( ⁄ )
HCB 16 3.52 0.20 11.26
WALL LOAD ON Plastering 23 3.52 0.025 4.09
Total 15.35

Load from Slab + Wall: Total load on each beam including loads from wall and slab.

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Table 4. 7: Total
Shear transferred load in y-direction (included shear force transfer from
slab and wall load) in KN/m.

Span
Axis
1’-1 1-2 2-3 3-5 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7
Axis-A 22.06 29.31 48.39 48.39 - - 48.39 48.39
Axis-B - 55.88 105.9 92.64 - - 95.12 33.86
Axis-C 25.97 50.39 76.24 - 50.39 35.34 64.91 36.67
Axis -D - 49.17 65.47 - 33.86 - - -
Axis-E 22.06 36.67 64.91 - 36.67 - - -
Table 4. 8: Total
Shear transferred load in x-direction (included shear force transfer from
slab and wall load) in KN/m.

Span
Axis
A-B A-C B-C C-E C-D D-E
Axis-1’ - 26.8 - 26.8 - -
Axis-1 41.52 - 60 - 26.1 62.49
Axis-2 85.6 - 80.92 - 37.26 86.58
Axis -3 100.7 - 75.8 41.13 38.47 86.58
Axis-4 - - - 38.66 38.57 42.5
Axis-5 100.7 - 67.17 - 36.99 -
Axis-6 86.58 - 86.58 - -
Axis-7 45.31 - 45.31 - -

4.1.2.3.Load transfer from second floor slab to Second floor beam

4.1.2.3.1. Shear forces Analysis of Second floor slab
Table 4. 9: Shear forces analysis of second floor

Panel ( ) ⁄ ( ) ( ⁄ ) ( ) ( ⁄ )
S-1 4.25 1.65 0.50 0.00 0.36 0.24 35.54 0.00 25.67 17.12
S-2 7.00 1.21 0.47 0.31 0.40 0.26 57.05 38.04 48.50 31.52
S-3 1.21 1.21 0.40 0.27 0.36 0.00 46.18 30.78 41.08 0.00
S-4 7.00 1.21 0.40 0.27 0.36 0.00 38.44 25.63 34.20 0.00
S-5 4.25 1.65 0.56 0.37 0.40 0.26 33.24 22.16 23.87 15.51
S-6 4.25 1.65 0.46 0.00 0.33 0.00 26.91 0.00 19.14 0.00
S-7 7.00 1.21 0.39 0.00 0.33 0.00 37.21 0.00 31.35 0.00
S-8 5.00 1.60 0.47 0.00 0.33 0.00 38.88 0.00 27.29 0.00
S-9 2.00 4.25 0.59 0.00 0.33 0.00 18.44 0.00 10.36 0.00
S-10 7.00 1.21 0.40 0.27 0.36 0.00 38.39 25.59 34.15 0.00
S-11 2.50 1.70 0.50 0.00 0.36 0.24 17.39 0.00 12.43 8.29
S-12 2.5 3.4 0.57 0.00 0.33 0.00 28.25 0.00 16.41 0.00
S-13 2.50 1.70 0.47 0.33 0.00 17.39 0.00 12.21 0.00
CS-1 1.40 10.00 0.77 0.51 0.00 0.30 17.53 7.62 0.00 4.46

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 270
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Figure 4. 5: Second floor shear force ( ⁄ )

4.1.2.3.2. Check Shear / Section Capacity /

The shear capacity of the concrete, , , in such situations is given by an empirical expression:

0.12 (100 )
, =
0.035

Where:
, = The design shear resistance of the section without shear reinforcement

200
=1+ ≤ 2.0 ℎ

200 200
=1+ =1+ = 1.976
210

→ = 1.976

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Taking minimum reinforcement, ⁄ 200

405.28
= = = 0.001929
1000 ∗ 210

0.12 ∗ 1.971(100 ∗ 0.001976 ∗ 30) ∗ 1000 ∗ 210 × 10 = 89.89

, =
.
0.035(1.976) (30) ∗ 1000 ∗ 212 × 10 = 112.89

, = 112.89

. = 28.34 < , = 112.89 !

4.1.2.3.3. Summary of Shear force for dead loads and live load of second floor
Table 4. 10: Second floor summary of shear force ( ⁄ )

Shear force ,V Transferred shear force [0.98*V]

Span Axis (KN/m) (in KN/m)
1' - 1 4.46 4.37
1- 2 17.12 16.78
2- 3 A 38.04 37.28
5–6 25.63 25.12
6–7 15.51 15.20
1- 2 44.81 43.91
2–3 94.26 92.37
3–5 B 38.88 38.10
5–6 76.83 75.29
6–7 39.38 38.59
1' - 1 4.46 4.37
1–2 36.53 35.80
2–3 65.46 64.15
3–4 C 35.83 35.11
4–5 22.43 21.98
5 –6 25.59 25.08
6 –7 23.87 23.39
1–2 32.9 32.24
2–3 53.88 52.80
D
3–4 32.9 32.24
4–5 41.3 40.47
1–2 23.87 23.39
2–3 E 38.44 37.67
3–4 23.87 23.39
A –C 1' 7.62 7.47
A–B 1 43.16 42.30

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B–C 34.53 33.84

C–D 8.29 8.12
D–E 33.24 32.58
A–B 67.06 65.72
B–C 58.26 57.09
2
C–D 28.84 28.26
D–E 56.36 55.23
A–B 48.50 47.53
B–C 69.00 67.62
3
C–D 28.62 28.05
D–E 67.41 66.06
C- D 26.1 25.58
4
D-E 22.16 21.72
A–B 34.20 33.52
B–C 5 71.8 70.36
C–D 21.36 20.93
A–B 67.44 66.09
6
B–C 67.39 66.04
A–B 22.16 21.72
7
B–C 22.16 21.72

The above table is indicating the summary of shear transferred on each beam from second floor Slabs.

4.1.2.3.4. Distribution of loads on each beam (shear transferred) for second floor

Wall Load: Load from wall has been summarized in the shown Table 4.5 and 4.6. Distributions
of loads on each beam from wall load.
Load from Slab + Wall: Total load on each beam including loads from wall and slab
Table 4. 11: Total
Shear transferred load in y-direction (included shear force transfer from
slab and wall load) in KN/m.

Span
Axis
1’-1 1-2 2-3 3-5 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7
Axis-A 20.43 32.84 53.34 - - - 41.18 31.26
Axis-B - 56.99 105.45 51.18 - - 91.35 54.65
Axis-C 20.43 48.88 77.23 48.19 38.04 41.14 39.45
Axis -D - 45.32 65.88 - 45.32 56.53 - -
Axis-E - 39.45 5373 - 39.45 - - -

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 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 4. 12: Total Shear transferred load in x-direction (included shear force transfer from slab
and wall load) in KN/m.

Span
Axis A-B A-C B-C C-D D-E
Axis-1’ - 23.63 - - -
Axis-1 55.38 - 46.92 24.18 48.64
Axis-2 63.52 - 166.1 41.21 165.84
Axis -3 63.59 - 80.70 41.13 79.14
Axis-4 - - - 38.66 37.78
Axis-5 46.6 - 83.44 36.99 -
Axis-6 79.17 - 79.12 - -
Axis-7 37.78 - 37.78 - -

4.1.2.4. Load Transfer from third floor slab to third floor Beam

The design loads on beams supporting solid slabs spanning in two directions at right angle
subjected to uniformly distributed loads may be computed using equation (2.16)

The design load on supporting beam is assumed to be distributed over a length of 0.75 times the
span length of beam.
4.1.2.4.1. Shear forces Analysis of Third floor
Table 4. 13: Shear forces analysis of Third Floor

Panel ( ) ⁄ ( ) ( ⁄ ) ( ) ( ⁄ )
S-1 4.25 1.65 0.50 0.00 0.36 0.24 35.54 0.00 25.67 17.12
S-2 7.00 1.21 0.47 0.31 0.40 0.26 57.05 38.04 48.50 31.52
S-3 1.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
S-4 7.00 1.21 0.40 0.27 0.36 0.00 38.44 25.63 34.20 0.00
S-5 4.25 1.65 0.56 0.37 0.40 0.26 33.24 22.16 23.87 15.51
S-6 4.25 1.65 0.46 0.00 0.33 0.00 26.91 0.00 19.14 0.00
S-7 7.00 1.21 0.39 0.00 0.33 0.00 37.21 0.00 31.35 0.00
S-9 7.00 1.21 0.40 0.27 0.36 0.00 38.39 25.59 34.15 0.00
S-10 2.50 1.70 0.50 0.00 0.36 0.24 17.39 0.00 12.43 8.29
S-11 2.5 3.4 0.57 0.00 0.33 0.00 28.25 0.00 16.41 0.00
S-12 2.50 1.70 0.47 0.33 0.00 17.39 0.00 12.21 0.00
S-13 3.20 3.38 0.63 0.42 0.40 0.26 33.65 22.43 21.36 13.89
CS-1 1.40 10.00 0.77 0.51 0.00 0.30 17.53 7.62 0.00 4.46

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Figure 4. 6: Third floor shear force ( ⁄ )

4.1.2.4.2. Check Shear / Section Capacity /

The shear capacity of the concrete, , , in such situations is given by an empirical expression:

0.12 (100 )
, =
0.035

Where:
, = The design shear resistance of the section without shear reinforcement

200
=1+ ≤ 2.0 ℎ

200 200
=1+ =1+ = 1.976
210

→ = 1.976
Taking minimum reinforcement, ⁄ 200

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 275
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

405.28
= = = 0.001929
1000 ∗ 210

0.12 ∗ 1.971(100 ∗ 0.001976 ∗ 30) ∗ 1000 ∗ 210 × 10 = 89.89

, =
.
0.035(1.976) (30) ∗ 1000 ∗ 212 × 10 = 112.89

, = 112.89 ⁄

. = 57.05 ⁄ < , = 112.89 ⁄ !

4.1.2.4.3. Summary of Shear force for dead loads and live load of third floor
Table 4. 14: Third floor summary of shear force ( ⁄ )

Shear force ,V Transferred shear force [0.98*V]

Span Axis (KN/m) (in KN/m)
1' - 1 4.46 4.37
1- 2 17.12 16.78
2- 3 A 38.04 37.28
5–6 25.63 25.12
6–7 15.51 15.20
1- 2 44.81 43.91
2–3 94.26 92.37
3–5 B 38.88 38.10
5–6 76.83 75.29
6–7 39.38 38.59
1' - 1 4.46 4.37
1–2 36.53 35.80
2–3 65.46 64.15
3–4 C 35.83 35.11
4–5 22.43 21.98
5 –6 25.59 25.08
6 –7 23.87 23.39
1–2 32.9 32.24
2–3 53.88 52.80
D
3–4 32.9 32.24
4–5 41.3 40.47
1–2 23.87 23.39
2–3 E 38.44 37.67
3–4 23.87 23.39
A –C 1' 7.62 7.47
A–B 43.16 42.30
B–C 34.53 33.84
1
C–D 8.29 8.12
D–E 33.24 32.58
A–B 67.06 65.72
B–C 2 58.26 57.09
C–D 28.84 28.26

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

D–E 56.36 55.23

A–B 48.50 47.53
B–C 69.00 67.62
3
C–D 28.62 28.05
D–E 67.41 66.06
C- D 26.1 25.58
4
D-E 22.16 21.72
A–B 34.20 33.52
B–C 5 71.8 70.36
C–D 21.36 20.93
A–B 67.44 66.09
6
B–C 67.39 66.04
A–B 22.16 21.72
7
B–C 22.16 21.72

The above table is indicating the summary of shear transferred on each beam from third floor
Slabs.

4.1.2.4.4. Distribution of loads on each beam (shear transferred) for third floor

Wall Load: Load from wall has been summarized in the shown Table 4.5 and 4.6. Distributions
of loads on each beam from wall load.
Load from Slab + Wall: Total load on each beam including loads from wall and slab
Table 4. 15: Total Shear transferred load in y-direction (included shear force transfer from
slab and wall load) in KN/m.

Axis Span
1’-1 1-2 2-3 3-5 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7
Axis-A 20.43 32.84 53.34 - - - 41.18 31.26
Axis-B - 56.99 105.45 51.18 - - 91.35 54.65
Axis-C 20.43 48.88 77.23 48.19 38.04 41.14 39.45
Axis -D - 45.32 65.88 - 45.32 56.53 - -
Axis-E - 39.45 5373 - 39.45 - - -
Table 4. 16: Total Shear transferred load in x-direction (included shear force transfer from slab
and wall load) in KN/m.
Span
Axis
A-B A-C B-C C-D D-E
Axis-1’ - 23.63 - - -
Axis-1 55.38 - 46.92 24.18 48.64
Axis-2 63.52 - 166.1 41.21 165.84
Axis -3 63.59 - 80.70 41.13 79.14
Axis-4 - - - 38.66 37.78
Axis-5 46.6 - 83.44 36.99 -
Axis-6 79.17 - 79.12 - -
Axis-7 37.78 - 37.78 - -

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 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

4.1.2.5. Load Transfer from fourth floor to fourth floor Beams

The design loads on beams supporting solid slabs spanning in two directions at right angle
subjected to uniformly distributed loads may be computed using equation (2.16).

4.1.2.5.1. Shear forces Analysis of Fourth floor

Table 4. 17: Shear forces analysis of fourth floor

Panel ( ) ⁄ ( ) ( ⁄ ) ( ) ( ⁄ )
S-1 4.25 1.65 0.51 0.34 0.36 0.00 36.61 24.41 25.84 0.00
S-2 7.00 1.21 0.47 0.31 0.40 0.26 48.98 32.66 41.64 27.06
S-4 7.00 1.21 0.40 0.27 0.36 0.00 134.51 89.67 119.65 0.00
S-5 4.25 1.65 0.56 0.37 0.40 0.26 54.34 36.23 39.02 25.36
S-6 4.25 1.65 0.46 0.00 0.33 0.00 38.01 0.00 27.04 0.00
S-7 7.00 1.21 0.39 0.00 0.33 0.00 140.24 0.00 118.13 0.00
S-8 7.00 1.21 0.47 0.00 0.33 0.00 47.08 0.00 33.05 0.00
S-9 7.00 1.21 0.40 0.27 0.36 0.00 157.09 104.72 139.73 0.00
S-10 2.00 4.25 0.59 0.00 0.33 0.00 19.05 0.00 10.70 0.00
S-10 2.50 1.70 0.50 0.00 0.36 0.24 18.52 0.00 13.24 8.83
S-11 2.50 3.40 - 0.00 0.33 0.00 18.39 0.00 - 0.00
S-12 2.50 1.70 0.47 0.00 0.33 0.00 17.29 0.00 12.14 0.00
S-13 3.20 3.38 0.63 0.42 0.40 0.26 37.15 24.77 23.59 15.33
CS-1 1.40 10.00 0.77 0.51 0.00 0.30 17.43 7.62 0.00 4.46

4.1.2.5.2. Check Shear / Section Capacity /

The shear capacity of the concrete, , , in such situations is given by an empirical expression:

0.12 (100 )
, =
0.035

Where:
, = The design shear resistance of the section without shear reinforcement

200
=1+ ≤ 2.0 ℎ

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200 200
=1+ =1+ = 1.976
210

→ = 1.976
Taking minimum reinforcement, ⁄ 190

405.28
= = = 0.001929
1000 ∗ 210

0.12 ∗ 1.9729(100 ∗ 0.001929 ∗ 30) ∗ 1000 ∗ 210 × 10 = 89.26

, =
.
0.035(1.9729) (30) ∗ 1000 ∗ 210 × 10 = 111.56

, = 111.56 ⁄

. = 53.37 ⁄ < , = 111.56 ⁄ !

4.1.2.5.3. Summary of Shear force for dead loads and live load of fourth floor
Table 4. 18: Fourth floor summary of shear force ( ⁄ )

Shear force ,V Transferred shear force [0.98*V]

Span Axis (KN/m) (in KN/m)
1' - 1 4.46 4.37
1- 2 25.84 25.32
2- 3 A 32.66 32.01
5–6 89.67 87.88
6–7 25.36 24.85
1- 2 52.88 51.82
2–3 189.22 185.44
3–5 B - -
5–6 239.23 234.45
6–7 64.38 63.09
1' - 1 4.46 4.37
1–2 45.56 44.65
2–3 166.98 163.64
3–4 C 36.34 35.61
4–5 43.82 42.94
5 –6 157.09 153.95
6 –7 39.02 38.24
1–2 43.88 43.00
2–3 116.41 114.08
D
3–4 42.65 41.80
4–5 37.16 36.42
1–2 39.52 38.73
2–3 E 134.51 131.82
3–4 39.51 38.72

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A –C 1' 17.43 17.08

A–B 36.61 35.88
B–C 38.01 37.25
1
C–D 8.83 8.65
D–E 54.39 53.30
A–B 51.47 50.44
B–C 156.14 153.02
2
C–D 28.7 28.13
D–E 155.88 152.76
A–B 41.64 40.81
B–C 151.18 148.16
3
C–D 27.67 27.12
D–E 174.01 170.53
C- D 4 27.48 26.93
A–B 119.65 117.26
B–C 5 167.78 164.42
C–D 23.59 23.12
A–B 173.99 170.51
6
B–C 194.12 190.24
A–B 36.23 35.51
7
B–C 36.23 35.51

The above table 3.14 is indicating the summary of shear transferred on each beam from fourth
floor Slabs.

4.1.2.5.4. Distribution of loads on each beam (shear transferred) for fourth floor

Wall Load: Load from wall has been summarized in the shown Table 4.5 and 4.6. Distributions
of loads on each beam from wall load.

Load from Slab + Wall: Total load on each beam including loads from wall and slab
Table 4. 19: Total
Shear transferred load in y-direction (included shear force transfer from
slab and wall load) in KN/m.

Axis Span
1’-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6-7
Axis-A 20.43 41.38 48.07 - - 103.94 40.91
Axis-B - 64.9. 198.52 - - 244.53 76.17
Axis-C 20.36 57.73 176.72 - 56.03 170.01 54.30
Axis -D - 56.08 127.16 - 52.48 - -
Axis-E - 54.79 147.88 54.78 - - -

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Table 4. 20: Total

Shear transferred load in x-direction (included shear force transfer from
slab and wall load) in KN/m.

Span
Axis
A-B A-C B-C C-D D-E
Axis-1’ - 33.16 - - -
Axis-1 48.96 - 50.33 24.71 69.36
Axis-2 63.52 - 166.1 41.21 165.84
Axis -3 56.87 35.42 161.22 40.15 183.61
Axis-4 - - - 40.15 -
Axis-5 133.32 - 177.45 39.18 -
Axis-6 183.59 - 203.32 - -
Axis-7 51.57 51.57 - - -

4.2. LATERAL LOAD ANALYSIS

4.2.1. Wind Load Analysis for Wall

The net wind pressure is the algebraic sum of the internal and external pressure

= −
External Wind Pressure;

= ( )∗
Where:
( )is peak velocity pressure on external surface.
is external pressure coefficient
is reference height for external pressure

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Case -1: For wind ward on the Longest Direction

Wind 38.72

=
.

= 38.72 =
=
.

Figure 4. 7: Wind Analysis on the Longer Wall

Computing Net wind pressure

External Wind Pressure acting on the Wall (Long Wall)

= ( )∗
Where:
( )is peak velocity pressure on external surface.
is external pressure coefficient
is reference height for external pressure
1) Basic wind velocity,
= . . ,

Where: , = 22 ⁄ in Ethiopia and

= =1
= . . , = 1 ∗ 1 ∗ 22 ⁄ = 22 ⁄

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2) Mean wind velocity

V (z ) = C (z ). C (z ) . V

= = .

Figure 4. 8: Reference Height for the Longer Wall

 Reference height ,
ℎ = 27.60 , = 38.72 2 = 2 ∗ 38.72 = 77.44
<ℎ<2 ⇒ 38.72 < 27.60 < 77.44

The wind ward face should be divided into two parts

= = 38.72 , = ℎ = 27.60
 Roughness factor , ( )

( )= ∗ ln for ≤ ≤

According to EBCS-1 (EBCS EN 1991-1-4 2015-Part1.4 Table 4.1.Adama can be

considered as a sub urban area and therefore the terrain category falls as category III
The variables for terrain category-III are:

Minimum height ( )=5

Roughness length ( ) = 0.3
Its air density depend of the altitude, National Annex recommended
value( ) = 1.25 ⁄ .
, = 0.05

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. .
0.3
= 0.19 ∗ = 0.19 ∗ = 0.215
, 0.05

 Part – 1 with reference height , = = 38.72

≤ ≤ , 5 ≤ 38.72 ≤ 200
38.72
( )= . ln = 0.215 ∗ ln = 1.045
0.3
 Part – 2 with reference height = ℎ = 27.60
≤ ≤ , 5 ≤ 27.60 ≤ 200

27.6
( )= . ln = 0.215 ∗ ln = 0.972
0.3
 Orography factor , ( ):
Neglect the effect of orography i.e assume the site is on flat terrain
( )= ( )=1
Then determine mean wind velocity for both parts

V (z = 38.72m) = C (z ). C (z ) . V = 1.045 ∗ 1 ∗ 22 ⁄ = 23 ⁄

V (z = 27.60m) = C (z ). C (z ) . V = 0.972 ∗ 1 ∗ 22 ⁄ = 21.39 ⁄

3) Wind turbulence intensity , ( ):

( )= ≤ z ≤
( ) ∗ ln ( ⁄ )
Take =1

1
( = 38.72 ) = = = 0.206
( ) ∗ ln ( ⁄ ) 1 ∗ ln (38.72⁄0.3)

1
( = 27.60 ) = = = 0.221
( ) ∗ ln ( ⁄ ) 1 ∗ ln (27.60⁄0.3)

4) Density of air , : It depends on altitude and recommended with = 1.25 ⁄

5) Peak velocity pressure, ( ):
1
(38.72 ) = ∗ ∗ ( )[1 + 7 ( )] = 0.80739 ⁄
2

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6) External pressure coefficient:

Determination of pressure Coefficient
= 38.72
<
2ℎ = 2 ∗ 27.6 = 55.20
= = 38.72
= 23.75 < = 38.72
The building show be sectioned into two parts

Calculation of Area
= ∗ = 38.72 ∗ 38.72 = 1499.24 > 10
= ∗ = 38.72 ∗ 38.72 = 1499.24 > 10
= 7.744 ∗ 38.72 = 299.85 > 10
= 15.976 ∗ 38.72 = 618.59 > 10
For ⁄ℎ = 0.86 then by interpolation
= −0.3
= +0.8
= −1.2
= −0.8
= ( )∗
( ) = 0.807397 ∗ (−0.3) = −0.2422 ⁄
( ) = 0.80739 ∗ (0.8) = 0.6459 ⁄
( ) = 0.80739 ∗ (−1.2) = −0.9689 ⁄

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( ) = 0.80739 ∗ (−0.8) = −0.6459 ⁄

7) Internal Wind pressure
= ( )∗
For opening building with internal partitions and opening window the extreme values
= +0.3 − 0.2

Case-1 For pressure, = +0.3

= ( )∗ = 0.8074 ∗ 0.3 = 0.2422 ⁄

Case-2 For pressure, = −0.2

= ( )∗ = 0.8074 ∗ (−0.2) = −0.1615 ⁄

8) Net pressure
= −
Table 4. 21: Determination of Net Wind on Long Wall

Case-1 For pressure, = +0.3

Zone A B D E
W (KN⁄m ) −0.9689 −0.6459 0.6459 −0.2422
W (KN⁄m ) 0.2422 0.2422 0.2422 0.2422
W (KN⁄m ) −1.2111 −0.8881 0.4037 −0.4844

Case-2 For pressure, = −0.2

Zone A B D E
( ⁄ ) -0.9689 -0.6459 0.6459 -0.2422
( ⁄ ) −0.1615 −0.1615 −0.1615 −0.1615
( ⁄ ) −0.8074 −0.4844 0.8074 −0.0807

From the above two cases the governing net pressure will

(+) = 0.8074 ⁄
(−) = −1.2111 ⁄

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Case -2: For wind load on short direction of the wall

38.72

=
Wind

=
.

= 38.72

Figure 4. 9: Wind Analysis on the Shorter Wall

Computing Net wind pressure

External Wind Pressure acting on the shortest wall

= ( )∗
Peak velocity pressure, ( ) :
1
( ) = ∗ ∗ ( )[1 + 7 ( )] = 0.80739 ⁄
2
Reference heights

ℎ = 27.60 , = 23.75 , = 38.72 , 2 = 2 ∗ 23.75 = 47.50

<ℎ<2

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The building shall be considered to be two parts upper and lower part.

38.72

=
=
.

= 23.75

Figure 4. 10: Reference Height on the Shorter Wall

= 23.75
<
2ℎ = 2 ∗ 27.60 = 55.20
= = 23.75
The variables for terrain category-III are:
Minimum height ( )=5
Roughness length ( ) = 0.3
Its air density depend of the altitude, National Annex recommended
value( ) = 1.25 ⁄ .
, = 0.05

. .
0.3
= 0.19 ∗ = 0.19 ∗ = 0.215
, 0.05

For lower part

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 with reference height , = = 23.75

≤ ≤ , 5 ≤ 23.75 ≤ 200
23.75
( )= . ln = 0.215 ∗ ln = 0.940
0.3
 Orography factor , ( ):
Neglect the effect of orography i.e assume the site is on flat terrain
( )= ( )=1
Then determine mean wind velocity for lower parts

V (z = 23.75m) = C (z ). C (z ) . V = 0.940 ∗ 1 ∗ 22 ⁄ = 20.68 ⁄

 Wind turbulence intensity , ( ):

( )= ≤ z ≤
( ) ∗ ln ( ⁄ )
Take =1
1
( = 23.75 ) = = = 0.229
( ) ∗ ln ( ⁄ ) 1 ∗ ln (23.75⁄0.3)

 Density of air , : It depends on altitude and recommended with = 1.25 ⁄

 Peak velocity pressure, ( ):
1
(23.75 ) = ∗ ∗ ( )[1 + 7 ( )] = 0.69575 ⁄
2
For upper part

 with reference height = ℎ = 27.60

≤ ≤ , 5 ≤ 27.60 ≤ 200
27.6
( )= . ln = 0.215 ∗ ln = 0.9722
0.3
Then determine mean wind velocity for lower parts

V (z = 27.6m) = C (z ). C (z ) . V = 0.9722 ∗ 1 ∗ 22 ⁄ = 21.39 ⁄

 Wind turbulence intensity , ( ):
1
( = 27.60 ) = = = 0.2212
( ) ∗ ln ( ⁄ ) 1 ∗ ln (27.6⁄0.3)

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 Peak velocity pressure, ( ):

1
(27.60 ) = ∗ ∗ ( )[1 + 7 ( )] = 0.72873 ⁄
2
Determination of external pressure coefficient
= 23.75
<
2ℎ = 2 ∗ 27.6 = 55.20
⇒ = = 23.75
= 38.72 > = 23.75

Figure 4. 11: Wind on the Shorter Wall

Area calculation

 = ∗ = 23.75 ∗ 23.75 = 564.06 > 10

= ,

 = ∗ = 23.75 ∗ 23.75 = 128.82 > 10

= ,

 = ⁄5 ∗ = 4.75 ∗ 23.75 = 112.81 > 10

= ,

 = ( − ⁄5) ∗ = (23.75 − 4.75) ∗ 23.75 = 451.25 > 10

= ,

 =( − )∗ = (38.72 − 23.75) ∗ 23.75 = 355.54 > 10

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= ,

From Table 7.1 EBCS-1, 2015

= 1, ℎ ℎ
ℎ

External pressure coefficient

Zone A B C D E
= , -1.20 -0.8 -0.5 +0.80 -0.70
Calculate External Wind Pressure( ):

= ( )∗
 For upper Part:
( ) = 0.72873 ⁄ ∗ 0.80 = 0.583 ⁄

( ) = 0.72873 ⁄ ∗ (−0.70) = −0.510 ⁄

( ) = 0.72873 ⁄ ∗ (−1.20) = −0.874 ⁄

( ) = 0.72873 ⁄ ∗ (−0.8) = −0.583 ⁄

( ) = 0.72873 ⁄ ∗ (−0.5) = −0.364 ⁄

 For lower part:

( ) = 0.69575 ⁄ ∗ (0.8) = 0.557 ⁄

( ) = 0.69575 ⁄ ∗ (−0.70) = −0.487 ⁄

( ) = 0.69575 ⁄ ∗ (−1.20) = −0.835 ⁄

( ) = 0.69575 ⁄ ∗ (−0.8) = −0.557 ⁄

( ) = 0.69575 ⁄ ∗ (−0.5) = −0.348 ⁄

Calculation of internal pressure:

= ( )∗

Case-1 For pressure ( = +0.3)

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Lower Part
= 0.65165 ⁄ ∗ (0.3) = 0.195 ⁄
Upper Part
= 0.72873 ⁄ ∗ (0.3) = 0.219 ⁄

Case-2 for pressure ( = −0.2)

Lower Part
= 0.65165 ⁄ ∗ (−0.2) = −0.130 ⁄
Upper Part
= 0.72873 ⁄ ∗ (−0.2) = −0.146 ⁄

Net wind Pressure

= −

Table 4. 22: Determination of net wind on short wall

Lower part
Case-1 for pressure ( = +0.3)
Zone A B C D E
( ⁄ ) −0.835 −0.557 −0.348 0.557 −0.487
( ⁄ ) 0.195 0.195 0.195 0.195 0.195
( ⁄ ) −1.030 −0.752 0.543 0.752 −0.682

Case-2 For pressure, = −0.2

Zone A B C D E
( ⁄ ) -0.835 -0.557 -0.348 0.557 -0.487
( ⁄ ) −0.130 −0.130 -0.130 −0.130 −0.130
( ⁄ ) −0.705 −0.427 -0.218 0.687 −0.357

For lower part, governing net pressure

(+) = 0.752 ⁄
(−) = −1.03 ⁄

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Table 4. 23: Determination of net wind on short wall

Upper part
Case-1 for pressure ( = +0.3)
Zone A B C D E
( ⁄ ) −0.874 −0.583 −0.348 0.583 −0.487
( ⁄ ) 0.195 0.195 0.195 0.195 0.195
( ⁄ ) −1.069 −0.778 0.543 0.388 −0.682

Case-2 For pressure, = −0.2

Zone A B C D E
( ⁄ ) -0.835 -0.557 -0.348 0.557 -0.487
( ⁄ ) −0.130 −0.130 -0.130 −0.130 −0.130
( ⁄ ) −0.705 −0.427 -0.218 0.687 −0.357

For upper part, governing net pressure

(+) = 0.687 ⁄
(−) = −1.069 ⁄
Generally, from the above cases (Wind load on the short wall and long wall) the
governing will be:-
(+) = 0.752 ⁄
(−) = −1. 069 ⁄

4.2.2. DISTRIBUTION OF WALL PRESSURE INTO FRAMES

Taking a tributary area as summation of half of the area between adjacent frames.

Zone D

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A B C D E

7.0 m 2.5 m 7.0 m 7.0 m

Figure 4. 12: Distribution of Wind Load to Y Axis

= ∗
= 0.752 ⁄

Computing ( ⁄ ) on frame using Table 4.24 and Table 4.25

Table 4. 24: Loads to be transferred to Frame from wind

Axis L(m) ( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ )
A 3.50 0.752 2.632
B 4.75 0.752 3.572
C 4.75 0.752 3.572
D 7.00 0.752 5.264
E 3.50 0.752 2.632
Zone E ( =− . ⁄ )

Axis L(m) ( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ )
A 3.50 - 1.069 -3.742
B 4.75 - 1.069 - 5.078
C 4.75 - 1.069 - 5.078
D 7.00 - 1.069 - 7.483
E 3.50 - 1.069 - 3.742

Zone –A ( = −1. 069 ⁄ )

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Zone –B ( = −1.030 ⁄ )
Zone –C ( = −1.069 ⁄

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
4.25m 8.50m 4.25m 4.25m 8.50m 4.25m
m

Figure 4. 13: Distribution of Wind Load to X Axis

= − = 2.632— 3.742 = 6.374 ⁄

Table 4. 25: Net distributed wind load on the frame

Axis (→) (→) = −

A 2.632 -3.742 6.374
B 3.572 - 5.078 8.650
C 3.572 - 5.078 8.650
D 5.264 - 7.483 12.747
E 2.632 - 3.742 6.374

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Table 4. 26: distributed wind load on the frame

Axis =( ⁄ )
1 −2.272
2 −8.838
3 −11.192
4 −6.649
5 −9.087
6 −6.815
7 −2.272

Distribution of the frame wind load to joints

= ∗ ℎ
Table 4. 27: Distributed Wind Load to each axis storey
AXIS FLOOR ( ⁄ ) HEIGHT (m) = ∗ ( )
GROUND 6.374 1.50 9.56
FIRST 6.374 4.72 30.09
SECOND 6.374 5.28 33.65
THIRD 6.374 3.52 22.44
A FOURTH 6.374 3.52 22.44
FIVE 6.374 3.52 22.44
SIX 6.374 3.52 22.44
ROOF 6.374 3.52 22.44
GROUND 8.650 1.50 12.98
FIRST 8.650 4.72 40.83
SECOND 8.650 5.28 45.67
THIRD 8.650 3.52 30.45
B FOURTH 8.650 3.52 30.45
FIVE 8.650 3.52 30.45
SIX 8.650 3.52 30.45
ROOF 8.650 3.52 30.45
GROUND 8.650 1.50 12.98
FIRST 8.650 4.72 40.83
SECOND 8.650 5.28 45.67
THIRD 8.650 3.52 30.45
FOURTH 8.650 3.52 30.45
C
FIVE 8.650 3.52 30.45
SIX 8.650 3.52 30.45
ROOF 8.650 3.52 30.45
GROUND 12.747 1.50 19.12
FIRST 12.747 4.72 60.17
SECOND 12.747 5.28 67.30
THIRD 12.747 3.52 44.87
FOURTH 12.747 3.52 44.87
D FIVE 12.747 3.52 44.87
SIX 12.747 3.52 44.87
ROOF 12.747 3.52 44.87
GROUND 6.374 1.50 9.56

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FIRST 6.374 4.72 30.09

SECOND 6.374 5.28 33.65
THIRD 6.374 3.52 22.44
E FOURTH 6.374 3.52 22.44
FIVE 6.374 3.52 22.44
SIX 6.374 3.52 22.44
ROOF 6.374 3.52 22.44
GROUND −2.272 1.50 -3.41
FIRST −2.272 4.72 -10.72
SECOND −2.272 5.28 -12.00
THIRD −2.272 3.52 -8.00
1 FOURTH −2.272 3.52 -8.00
FIVE −2.272 3.52 -8.00
SIX −2.272 3.52 -8.00
ROOF −2.272 3.52 -8.00
GROUND −8.838 1.50 -13.26
FIRST −8.838 4.72 -41.72
SECOND −8.838 5.28 -46.66
THIRD −8.838 3.52 -31.11
2 FOURTH −8.838 3.52 -31.11
FIVE −8.838 3.52 -31.11
SIX −8.838 3.52 -31.11
ROOF −8.838 3.52 -31.11
GROUND −11.192 1.50 -16.79
FIRST −11.192 4.72 -52.83
SECOND −11.192 5.28 -59.09
THIRD −11.192 3.52 -39.40
3 FOURTH −11.192 3.52 -39.40
FIVE −11.192 3.52 -39.40
SIX −11.192 3.52 -39.40
ROOF −11.192 3.52 -39.40
GROUND −6.649 1.50 -9.97
FIRST −6.649 4.72 -31.38
4 SECOND −6.649 5.28 -35.11
THIRD −6.649 3.52 -23.40
FOURTH −6.649 3.52 -23.40
FIVE −6.649 3.52 -23.40
SIX −6.649 3.52 -23.40
ROOF −6.649 1.50 -9.97
GROUND −9.087 1.50 -13.63
FIRST −9.087 4.72 -42.89
SECOND −9.087 5.28 -47.98
THIRD −9.087 3.52 -31.99
5 FOURTH −9.087 3.52 -31.99
FIVE −9.087 3.52 -31.99
SIX −9.087 3.52 -31.99
ROOF −9.087 3.52 -31.99
GROUND −6.815 1.50 -10.22
FIRST −6.815 4.72 -32.17
SECOND −6.815 5.28 -35.98
THIRD −6.815 3.52 -23.99
6
FOURTH −6.815 3.52 -23.99

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FIVE −6.815 3.52 -23.99

SIX −6.815 3.52 -23.99
ROOF −6.815 3.52 -23.99
GROUND −2.272 1.50 -3.41
FIRST −2.272 4.72 -10.72
SECOND −2.272 5.28 -12.00
THIRD −2.272 3.52 -8.00
FOURTH −2.272 3.52 -8.00
7 FIVE −2.272 3.52 -8.00
SIX −2.272 3.52 -8.00
ROOF −2.272 3.52 -8.00

4.2.3. EARTH QUAKE LOAD ANALYSIS

4.2.3.1. Base shear determination
The total seismic load on the structure at the base is called the base shear force. The seismic
base shear force for each horizontal direction in which the building is analyzed, shall be
determined using the following expression:

= ( )∗
1) Fundamental period of vibration ,

⁄
=
Where:
= 0.075

= 27.60

⁄ ⁄
= = 0.075 ∗ (27.6) = 0.903

 Method of analysis by checking

4
≤
2.0
Where:
 Ordinary building constructed on deep deposit of medium dense sand →for
ground type C (see EBCS-8,2015 ,Table 3.1)
 = 0.1 , = 0.25 sec, = 1.2 sec , = 1.5 for ground type C
from type 2 response spectrum with ≤ 5.5 (see EBCS -8 ,2015 in Table
3.3)

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

4 = 4 ∗ 0.6 = 2.4
= 0.903 ≤ !
2.0 sec

2) Design spectrum for elastic analysis

 For the horizontal components of the seismic action, the elastic response spectrum ( ) is
defined by the following expressions:
2 2.5 2
0≤ ≤ : ( )= ∗ ∗ + ∗ −
3 3
2.5
≤ ≤ : ( )= ∗ ∗ ∗

2.5
= ∗ ∗
≤ ≤ : ( )=
≥ ∗
2.5 ∗
= ∗ ∗
≤ : ( )=
≥ ∗
Where:
 ( ) is the design spectrum;
 is the behaviour factor;
 is the lower bound factor for the horizontal design spectrum.The
Recommended value for is 0.2.
 γ is importance factor see Table 4.35
Table 4. 28: Bed rock acceleration
Zone 5 4 3 2 1 0
0.20 0.15 0.10 0.07 0.04 0

Table 4. 29: Importance classes for buildings

Importance Buildings
class
I Buildings of minor importance for public safety, e.g.
agricultural buildings, etc. 0.8
II Ordinary buildings, not belonging in the other categories.

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1.0
Buildings whose seismic resistance is of importance in view 1.2
III of the consequences associated with a collapse, e.g. schools,
assembly halls, cultural institutions etc.
IV Buildings whose integrity during earthquakes is of vital 1.4
importance for civil protection, e.g. hospitals, fire stations,
power plants, etc.

2.5
= ∗ ∗
≤ ≤ ⇒ 0.10 < 0.903 < 1.2 sec ( )=
≥ ∗
= ∗

Where: = 0.15 for Adama located in zone 4 (see Table 4.34)

=1
=1 = 5%

= ∗ = 1 ∗ 0.15 = 0.15 = 0.15 ∗ 9.81 = 1.472 ⁄

3) Behavior factors ,

= ∗
Where:

=3∗ ( )

= 3 ∗ (1.3) = 3.9
=1( )

= ∗ = 3.9 ∗ (1) = 3.9

2.5 2.5 0.25

= ∗ ∗ = 1.472 ∗ 1.5 ∗ = 0.392
( )= 3.9 0.903
≥ ∗ = 0.2 ∗ 1.472 = 0.294
( ) = 0.392

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

4.2.3.2. Determination of weight of structure

We putted calculated building weight in the index at back of the report or the summary of each
floor level see Table 4.36. Determination of base shear and distribution of horizontal Seismic
forces.
Total weight of the building per frame, :

= + + + +

Table 4. 30: weight of the building pre frame

Floor Weight , (KN)

1st floor 274303.87
2nd floor 27413.00
3rd floor 27413.14
4th floor 27444.31
5th floor 129053.87
6th floor 148718.05
Roof 7966.08
Ground floor 2042.64
Total weight ,W 644355

Total weight of the building per frame, :

= + + + + = 644355
644355
= = = 65683.49
9.81

Base shear force ( )

= ( )∗ ∗
Where:

( ) = 0.392, = 65683.49
=1
⇒ = ( )∗ ∗ = (0.392) ∗ (65683.49 ∗ (1)
= 25.748
Distribution of the horizontal seismic base shear forces

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∗
=
∑ ∗
Table 4. 31: Seismic base shear forces
Storey ( ) ( ) ∗ ( )
Ground 1.5 312.330 0.0089
208.2202
First 4.72 131979.028 3.760641
27961.66
Second 10.00 27943.935 0.796241
2794.393
Third 13.52 37780.393 1.076523
2794.408
Fourth 17.04 47670.850 1.358344
2797.585
Five 20.56 270473.758 7.706942
13155.34
Six 24.08 365048.995 10.40179
15159.84
Roof 27.60 22412.213 0.638619
812.0367
Total 506.49
903621.503

4.2.3.3. Computation of center of mass and center of stiffness

4.2.3.3.1. Determination of center of mass

The computation of weight for the whole building is computed and mentioned in the appendix.
the horizontal forces at each floor level, , determined in the above manner are distributed to
lateral load resistive structural elements in proportion to their rigidities assumed rigid floor
diaphragms.

Center of mass ( , ) it is a point on a floor level where the whole floor mass and its
inertial effects can be replaced using a lumped equilivalent mass.

∑ ∑
= =
∑ ∑

Where:

, = the coordinate of the point of application of when the seimics action is

parallel to the Y- direction and X-direction respectively.

Moment arm is the perpendicular distance to the point of rotation

= =

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Table 4. 32: Roof floor of Center Mass Calculation

a) Column
Unit
Depth Width Height Weight
Column weight
(m) (m) (m) (KN) ( ) ( ) ( . ) ( . )
( ⁄ )
A1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 -1.40 23.50 192.23 -11.45
A2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 5.65 23.50 192.23 46.22
A3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 14.15 23.50 192.23 115.75
A5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 22.65 23.50 192.23 185.28
A6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 31.15 23.50 192.23 254.81
A7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 35.40 23.50 192.23 289.57
B1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 -1.40 16.70 136.61 -11.45
B2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 5.65 16.70 136.61 46.22
B3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 14.15 16.70 136.61 115.75
B4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 18.40 16.70 136.61 150.51
B5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 22.65 16.70 136.61 185.28
B6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 31.15 16.70 136.61 254.81
B7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 35.40 16.70 136.61 289.57
C1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 0.00 9.50 77.71 0.00
C2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 4.25 9.50 77.71 34.77
C3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 12.75 9.50 77.71 104.30
C5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 21.25 9.50 77.71 173.83
C6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 29.75 9.50 77.71 243.36
C7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 34.00 9.50 77.71 278.12
D1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 0.00 7.00 57.26 0.00
D2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 4.25 7.00 57.26 34.77
D3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 12.75 7.00 57.26 104.30
D4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 17.00 7.00 57.26 139.06
E1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
E2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 4.25 0.00 0.00 34.77
E3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 12.75 0.00 0.00 104.30
E4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 17.00 0.00 0.00 139.06
TOTAL 212.68 2804.92 3162.39

Unit
parapet Width Length Height Weight My
weight
wall (m) (m) (m) (KN) ( ) ( ) ( . ) (KNm)
( ⁄ )
Axis-01 0.25 23.5 1.30 16 122.2 -1.4 7 855.4 -171.08
Axis-07 0.25 23.5 1.30 16 122.2 35.4 7 855.4 4325.88

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Axis-A 0.25 35.4 1.30 16 184.08 4.75 23.50 4325.88 874.38

Axis-E 0.25 17.00 1.30 16 88.4 4.75 0.00 0 419.9
TOTAL 516.88 6036.68 5449.08

Depth unit Mx(KN- My(KN-

slab width(m) length(m) WEIGHT(KN) x(M) y(m)
(m) weight M) m)
DEAD
35.40 0.24 23.5 25 4991.4 17.7 11.75 88347.78 58648.95
LOAD
LIVE
35.40 1 23.5 25 856.9 17.7 11.75 15167.13 10068.575
LOAD
TOTAL 5848.3 103514.91 68717.525

b) Beam
Unit
Width Depth Length weight Weight X Y
Beam on (m) (m) (m) ( ⁄ ) (KN) (m) (m) ( . ) ( . )
AXIS 1-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 1.40 3.50 9.19 22.97
AXIS 1-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 1.40 10.50 9.19 68.91
AXIS 1-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 1.40 11.75 3.28 27.54
AXIS 1-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 1.40 20.00 9.19 131.25
AXIS 2-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 3.53 3.50 23.13 22.97
AXIS 2-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 3.53 10.50 23.13 68.91
AXIS 2-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 3.53 15.25 8.26 35.74
AXIS 2-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 3.53 20.00 23.13 131.25
AXIS 3-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 9.90 3.50 64.97 22.97
AXIS 3-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 9.90 10.50 64.97 68.91
AXIS 3-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 9.90 11.75 23.20 27.54
AXIS 3-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 9.90 20.00 64.97 131.25
AXIS 4-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 16.28 3.50 106.80 22.97
AXIS 4-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 16.28 10.50 106.80 68.91
AXIS 4-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 16.28 11.75 38.14 27.54
AXIS 4-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 16.28 20.00 106.84 131.25
AXIS 5-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 20.53 3.50 134.70 22.97
AXIS 5-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 20.53 10.50 134.70 68.91
AXIS 5-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 20.53 15.25 48.11 35.74
AXIS 6-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 26.90 3.50 176.53 22.97
AXIS 6-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 26.90 10.50 176.53 68.91
AXIS 7-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 32.28 3.50 211.80 22.97
AXIS 7-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 32.28 10.50 211.80 68.91
AXIS A-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 0.00 14.04 0.00

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AXIS A-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.90 0.00 78.89 0.00
AXIS A-5-6 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 26.90 0.00 214.36 0.00
AXIS A-6-7 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 33.28 0.00 132.58 0.00
AXIS B-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 3.50 14.04 13.95
AXIS B-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.90 3.50 78.89 27.89
AXIS B-3-4 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 16.28 3.50 64.87 13.95
AXIS B-4-5 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 20.53 3.50 81.80 13.95
AXIS B-5-6 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 26.9 3.50 214.36 27.89
AXIS B-6-7 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 33.28 3.50 132.60 13.95
AXIS C-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 10.5 14.06 41.84
AXIS C-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.9 10.5 78.89 83.67
AXIS C-3-5 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 18.4 10.5 146.63 83.67
AXIS C-5-6 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 26.9 10.5 214.36 83.67
AXIS C-6-7 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 33.28 10.5 132.60 41.84
AXIS D-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 15.25 14.06 60.76
AXIS D-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.9 15.25 78.89 121.52
AXIS D-3-4 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 16.28 15.25 64.87 60.76
AXIS D-4-5 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 20.53 15.25 81.80 60.76
AXIS E-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 20 14.06 79.69
AXIS E-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.9 20 78.89 159.38
AXIS E-3-4 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 16.28 20 64.87 79.69

c) wall
Unit
Width Depth Length weight Weight X Y
Wall (m) (m) (m) ( ⁄ ) (KN) (m) (m) ( . ) ( . )
AXIS1-A-B 0.20 1.64 6.75 16.00 35.42 1.40 3.50 49.59 123.98
AXIS1-B-C 0.20 1.64 6.75 16.00 35.42 1.40 10.50 49.59 371.95
AXIS1-C-D 0.20 1.64 2.25 16.00 11.81 0.00 15.25 0.00 180.07
AXIS1-D-E 0.20 1.64 6.75 16.00 35.42 0.00 20.75 0.00 735.05
AXIS2-A-B 0.15 1.64 6.75 16.00 26.57 3.53 3.50 93.79 92.99
AXIS2-B-C 0.15 1.64 6.75 16.00 26.57 3.53 10.50 93.79 278.96
AXIS2-C-D 0.15 1.64 2.25 16.00 8.86 2.13 15.25 18.86 135.05
AXIS2-D-E 0.15 1.64 6.75 16.00 26.57 2.13 20.00 56.59 531.36
AXIS3-A-B 0.15 1.64 6.75 16.00 26.57 9.90 3.50 263.02 92.99
AXIS3-B-C 0.15 1.64 6.75 16.00 26.57 9.90 10.50 263.02 278.96
AXIS3-C-D 0.15 1.64 2.25 16.00 8.86 8.50 15.20 75.28 134.61
AXIS3-D-E 0.15 1.64 6.75 16.00 26.57 8.50 20.00 225.83 531.36
AXIS4-B-C 0.15 1.64 6.75 16.00 26.57 14.78 10.50 392.68 278.96
AXIS4-C-D 0.15 1.64 2.25 16.00 8.86 14.88 15.25 131.78 135.05
AXIS4-D-E 0.20 1.64 6.75 16.00 35.42 14.88 20.00 527.11 708.48
AXIS5-A-B 0.15 1.64 6.75 16.00 26.57 18.40 3.50 488.85 92.99

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AXIS5-B-C 0.15 1.64 6.75 16.00 26.57 18.40 10.50 488.85 278.96
AXIS5-C-D 0.20 1.64 2.25 16.00 11.81 17.00 15.25 200.74 180.07
AXIS6-A-B 0.15 1.64 6.75 16.00 26.57 26.90 3.50 714.68 92.99
AXIS6-B-C 0.15 1.64 6.75 16.00 26.57 26.90 10.50 714.68 278.96
AXIS7-A-B 0.20 1.64 6.75 16.00 35.42 33.28 3.50 1178.91 123.98
AXIS7-B-C 0.20 1.64 6.75 16.00 35.42 33.28 10.50 1178.91 371.95
AXISA-1-2 0.20 1.64 4.00 16.00 20.99 3.53 0.00 74.10 0.00
AXISA-2-3 0.20 1.64 8.25 16.00 43.30 9.90 0.00 428.63 0.00
AXISA-5-6 0.20 1.64 8.25 16.00 43.30 26.90 0.00 1164.66 0.00
AXISA-6-7 0.20 1.64 4.00 16.00 20.99 33.28 0.00 698.61 0.00
AXISB-1-2 0.15 1.64 8.25 16.00 32.47 3.53 3.50 114.63 113.65
AXISB-2-3 0.15 1.64 4.00 16.00 15.74 9.90 3.50 155.87 55.10
AXISB-3-4 0.15 1.64 4.00 16.00 15.74 16.28 3.50 256.31 55.10
AXISB-4-5 0.15 1.64 4.00 16.00 15.74 20.53 3.50 323.22 55.10
AXISB-5-6 0.15 1.64 8.25 16.00 32.47 26.91 3.50 873.82 113.65
AXISB-6-7 0.15 1.64 4.00 16.00 15.74 33.28 3.50 523.96 55.10
AXISC-1-2 0.15 1.64 4.00 16.00 15.74 2.13 10.5 33.53 165.31
AXISC-2-3 0.15 1.64 8.25 16.00 32.47 8.5 10.5 276.01 340.96
AXISC-3-5 0.15 1.64 8.25 16.00 32.47 17 10.5 552.02 340.96
AXISC-5-6 0.20 1.64 8.25 16.00 43.30 25.5 10.5 1104.05 454.61
AXISC-6-7 0.20 1.64 4.00 16.00 20.99 31.88 10.5 669.22 220.42
AXISD-1-2 0.15 1.64 4.00 16.00 15.74 2.13 15.25 33.53 240.10
AXISD-2-3 0.15 1.64 8.25 16.00 32.47 8.5 15.25 276.01 495.20
AXISD-3-4 0.15 1.64 4.00 16.00 15.74 14.88 15.25 234.27 240.10
AXISD-4-5 0.20 1.64 4.00 16.00 20.99 19.13 15.25 401.58 320.13
AXISE-1-2 0.20 1.64 4.00 16.00 20.99 2.13 20 44.71 419.84
AXISE-2-3 0.20 1.64 8.25 16.00 43.30 8.5 20 368.02 865.92
AXISE-3-4 0.20 1.64 4.00 16.00 20.99 14.88 20 312.36 419.84
TOTAL 1126.68 16125.69 11000.84

Total weight at roof level, ∑ = .

= 87558.48 .

= 129467.07 .

Center of mass on x-direction:

∑ 129467.07 .
= = = 16.72
∑ 7745.22
Center of mass on y-direction:

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∑ 87558.48 .
= = = 11.31
∑ 7745.22
Table 4. 33: Six floor of Center Mass
(a) Column
Depth Width Height Unit weight Weight
Column
(m) (m) (m) ( ⁄ ) (KN) ( ) ( ) ( . ) ( . )
A1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 -1.4 23.5 192.1125 -11.445
A2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 5.65 23.5 192.1125 46.18875
A3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 14.15 23.5 192.1125 115.67625
A5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 22.65 23.5 192.1125 185.16375
A6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 31.15 23.5 192.1125 254.65125
A7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 35.4 23.5 192.1125 289.395
B1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 -1.40 16.7 136.5225 -11.445
B2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 5.65 16.7 136.5225 46.18875
B3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 14.15 16.7 136.5225 115.67625
B4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 18.4 16.7 136.5225 150.42
B5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 22.65 16.7 136.5225 185.16375
B6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 31.15 16.7 136.5225 254.65125
B7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 35.40 16.7 136.5225 289.395
C1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 0 9.5 77.6625 0
C2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 4.25 9.5 77.6625 34.74375
C3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 12.75 9.5 77.6625 104.23125
C5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 21.25 9.5 77.6625 173.71875
C6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 29.75 9.5 77.6625 243.20625
C7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 34 9.5 77.6625 277.95
D1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 0.00 7 57.225 0
D2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 4.25 7 57.225 34.74375
D3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 12.75 7 57.225 104.23125
D4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 17 7 57.225 138.975
E1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 0.00 0 0 0
E2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 4.25 0 0 34.74375
E3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 12.75 0 0 104.23125
E4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 17 0 0 138.975
TOTAL 220.73 2803.21 3299.43

(b) Slab
Unit
SLAB Width Depth Height weight Weight X Y
( . )
(m) (m) (m) ( ⁄ ) (KN) (m) (m) ( . )
DEAD
35.40 0.25 23.5 25 5199.375 17.7 11.75 92028.938 61092.656
LOAD
LIVE 35.40 1 23.5 25 20797.5 17.7 11.75 368115.750 244370.625

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 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

LOAD
TOTAL 25996.875 460144.688 305463.281

(c) Beam

Unit
Beam on Width Depth Height weight Weight X Y My(KN-m)
(m) (m) (m) ( ⁄ ) (KN) (m) (m) ( . )
AXIS 1A-B 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 1.40 3.50 4410.00 11025.00
AXIS 1B-C 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 1.40 10.50 4410.00 33075.00
AXIS 1C-D 6.00 3.00 2.50 25.00 1125.00 1.40 11.75 1575.00 13218.75
AXIS 1D-E 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 1.40 20.00 4410.00 63000.00
AXIS 2A-B 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 3.53 3.50 11103.75 11025.00
AXIS 2B-C 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 3.53 10.50 11103.75 33075.00
AXIS 2C-D 6.00 3.00 2.50 25.00 1125.00 3.53 15.25 3965.63 17156.25
AXIS 2D-E 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 3.53 20.00 11103.75 63000.00
AXIS 3A-B 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 9.90 3.50 31185.00 11025.00
AXIS 3B-C 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 9.90 10.50 31185.00 33075.00
AXIS 3C-D 6.00 3.00 2.50 25.00 1125.00 9.90 11.75 11137.50 13218.75
AXIS 3D-E 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 9.90 20.00 31185.00 63000.00
AXIS 4A-B 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 16.28 3.50 51266.25 11025.00
AXIS 4B-C 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 16.28 10.50 51266.25 33075.00
AXIS 4C-D 6.00 3.00 2.50 25.00 1125.00 16.28 11.75 18309.38 13218.75
AXIS 4D-E 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 16.28 20.00 51282.00 63000.00
AXIS 5A-B 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 20.53 3.50 64653.75 11025.00
AXIS 5B-C 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 20.53 10.50 64653.75 33075.00
AXIS 5C-D 6.00 3.00 2.50 25.00 1125.00 20.53 15.25 23090.63 17156.25
AXIS 6A-B 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 26.90 3.50 84735.00 11025.00
AXIS 6B-C 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 26.90 10.50 84735.00 33075.00
AXIS 7A-B 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 32.28 3.50 101666.25 11025.00
AXIS 7B-C 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 32.28 10.50 101666.25 33075.00
AXIS A1-2 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 3.53 0.00 6741.56 0.00
AXIS A2-3 6.00 3.00 8.50 25.00 3825.00 9.90 0.00 37867.50 0.00
AXIS A5-6 6.00 3.00 8.50 25.00 3825.00 26.90 0.00 102892.50 0.00
AXIS A6-7 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 33.28 0.00 63638.44 0.00
AXIS B1-2 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 3.53 3.50 6741.56 6693.75
AXIS B2-3 6.00 3.00 8.50 25.00 3825.00 9.90 3.50 37867.50 13387.50
AXIS B3-4 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 16.28 3.50 31135.50 6693.75
AXIS B4-5 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 20.53 3.50 39263.63 6693.75
AXIS B5-6 6.00 3.00 8.50 25.00 3825.00 26.9 3.50 102892.50 13387.50
AXIS B6-7 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 33.28 3.50 63648.00 6693.75
AXIS C1-2 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 3.53 10.5 6751.13 20081.25

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 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

AXIS C2-3 6.00 3.00 8.50 25.00 3825.00 9.9 10.5 37867.50 40162.50
AXIS C3-5 6.00 3.00 8.50 25.00 3825.00 18.4 10.5 70380.00 40162.50
AXIS C5-6 6.00 3.00 8.50 25.00 3825.00 26.9 10.5 102892.50 40162.50
AXIS C6-7 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 33.28 10.5 63648.00 20081.25
AXIS D1-2 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 3.53 15.25 6751.13 29165.63
AXIS D2-3 6.00 3.00 8.50 25.00 3825.00 9.9 15.25 37867.50 58331.25
AXIS D3-4 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 16.28 15.25 31135.50 29165.63
AXIS D4-5 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 20.53 15.25 39263.63 29165.63
AXIS E1-2 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 3.53 20 6751.13 38250.00
AXIS E2-3 6.00 3.00 8.50 25.00 3825.00 9.9 20 37867.50 76500.00
AXIS E3-4 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 16.28 20 31135.50 38250.00
TOTAL 121612.50 1819098.56 1147696.88

(d) Wall

Unit
Wall Width Depth Height weight Weight X Y
( . )
(m) (m) (m) ( ⁄ ) (KN) (m) (m) ( . )
AXIS 1A-B 0.20 3.02 3.99 16.00 38.56 1.40 3.50 53.98 134.96
AXIS 1B-C 0.20 3.02 2.23 16.00 21.55 1.40 10.50 30.17 226.28
AXIS 3A-B 0.20 3.02 3.46 16.00 33.44 9.90 3.50 331.03 117.03
AXIS 3B-C 0.20 3.02 3.37 16.00 32.57 9.90 10.50 322.42 341.96
AXIS 4B-C 0.20 3.02 2.11 16.00 20.39 14.78 10.50 301.38 214.11
AXIS 4C-D 0.20 3.02 2.35 16.00 22.71 14.88 15.25 337.93 346.33
AXIS 5A-B 0.20 3.02 3.05 16.00 29.48 18.40 3.50 542.34 103.16
AXIS 5B-C 0.20 3.02 6.75 16.00 65.23 18.40 10.50 1200.27 684.94
AXIS 7A-B 0.20 3.02 2.03 16.00 19.62 33.28 3.50 652.88 68.66
AXIS 7B-C 0.20 3.02 2.65 16.00 25.61 33.28 10.50 852.29 268.90
AXIS A1-2 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 3.53 0.00 136.46 0.00
AXIS A2-3 0.20 3.02 8.25 16.00 79.73 9.90 0.00 789.31 0.00
AXIS A5-6 0.20 3.02 8.25 16.00 79.73 26.90 0.00 2144.68 0.00
AXIS A6-7 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 33.28 0.00 1286.47 0.00
AXIS B2-3 0.15 3.02 5.52 16.00 40.01 9.90 3.50 396.09 140.03
AXIS B3-4 0.20 3.02 0.75 16.00 7.25 16.28 3.50 118.00 25.37
AXIS B4-5 0.20 3.02 3.85 16.00 37.21 20.53 3.50 763.85 130.22
AXI B5-6 0.15 3.02 5.11 16.00 37.04 26.91 3.50 996.67 129.63
AXIS C1-2 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 2.13 10.5 82.34 405.89
AXISC-2-3 0.20 3.02 8.25 16.00 79.73 8.5 10.5 677.69 837.14
AXISC-3-5 0.20 3.02 0.47 16.00 4.54 17 10.5 77.22 47.69
AXISC-5-6 0.20 3.02 6.10 16.00 58.95 25.5 10.5 1503.24 618.98
AXISC-6-7 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 31.88 10.5 1232.35 405.89
TOTAL 887.95 14829.05 5247.18

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 309
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Total weight at fourth floor level, ∑ = .

= 1461706.76 .

= 2296875.51 .

Center of mass on x-direction:

∑ 2296875.51 .
= = = 15.44
∑ 148718.05

Center of mass on y-direction:

∑ 1461706.76 .
= = = 9.83
∑ 148718.05
Table 4. 34: 5th floor center of mass
(a)Slab
Width Depth Length Unit Weight X Y
slab
(m) (m) (m) weight (KN) (m) (m) ( . ) ( . )
DEAD
35.40 0.25 23.5 25 5199.375 17.7 11.75 92028.9375 61092.65625
LOAD
LIVE LOAD 35.40 1 23.5 25 856.9 17.7 11.75 15167.13 10068.575
TOTAL 6056.275 107196.0675 71161.23125

(b) Beam
Width Depth Length Unit Weight X Y
beam on (m) (m) (m) weight (KN) (m) (m) ( . ) ( . )
AXIS 1A-B 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 1.40 3.50 4410.00 11025.00
AXIS 1B-C 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 1.40 10.50 4410.00 33075.00
AXIS 1C-D 6.00 3.00 2.50 25.00 1125.00 1.40 11.75 1575.00 13218.75
AXIS 1D-E 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 1.40 20.00 4410.00 63000.00
AXIS 2A-B 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 3.53 3.50 11103.75 11025.00
AXIS 2B-C 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 3.53 10.50 11103.75 33075.00
AXIS 2C-D 6.00 3.00 2.50 25.00 1125.00 3.53 15.25 3965.63 17156.25
AXIS 2D-E 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 3.53 20.00 11103.75 63000.00
AXIS 3A-B 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 9.90 3.50 31185.00 11025.00
AXIS 3B-C 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 9.90 10.50 31185.00 33075.00
AXIS 3C-D 6.00 3.00 2.50 25.00 1125.00 9.90 11.75 11137.50 13218.75
AXIS 3D-E 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 9.90 20.00 31185.00 63000.00
AXIS 4A-B 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 16.28 3.50 51266.25 11025.00

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 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

AXIS 4B-C 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 16.28 10.50 51266.25 33075.00
AXIS 4C-D 6.00 3.00 2.50 25.00 1125.00 16.28 11.75 18309.38 13218.75
AXIS 4D-E 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 16.28 20.00 51282.00 63000.00
AXIS 5A-B 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 20.53 3.50 64653.75 11025.00
AXIS 5B-C 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 20.53 10.50 64653.75 33075.00
AXIS 5C-D 6.00 3.00 2.50 25.00 1125.00 20.53 15.25 23090.63 17156.25
AXIS 6A-B 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 26.90 3.50 84735.00 11025.00
AXIS 6B-C 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 26.90 10.50 84735.00 33075.00
AXIS 7A-B 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 32.28 3.50 101666.25 11025.00
AXIS 7B-C 6.00 3.00 7.00 25.00 3150.00 32.28 10.50 101666.25 33075.00
AXIS A1-2 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 3.53 0.00 6741.56 0.00
AXIS A2-3 6.00 3.00 8.50 25.00 3825.00 9.90 0.00 37867.50 0.00
AXIS A5-6 6.00 3.00 8.50 25.00 3825.00 26.90 0.00 102892.50 0.00
AXIS A6-7 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 33.28 0.00 63638.44 0.00
AXIS B1-2 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 3.53 3.50 6741.56 6693.75
AXIS B2-3 6.00 3.00 8.50 25.00 3825.00 9.90 3.50 37867.50 13387.50
AXIS B3-4 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 16.28 3.50 31135.50 6693.75
AXIS B4-5 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 20.53 3.50 39263.63 6693.75
AXIS B5-6 6.00 3.00 8.50 25.00 3825.00 26.9 3.50 102892.50 13387.50
AXIS B6-7 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 33.28 3.50 63648.00 6693.75
AXIS C1-2 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 3.53 10.5 6751.13 20081.25
AXIS C2-3 6.00 3.00 8.50 25.00 3825.00 9.9 10.5 37867.50 40162.50
AXIS C3-5 6.00 3.00 8.50 25.00 3825.00 18.4 10.5 70380.00 40162.50
AXIS C5-6 6.00 3.00 8.50 25.00 3825.00 26.9 10.5 102892.50 40162.50
AXIS C6-7 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 33.28 10.5 63648.00 20081.25
AXIS D1-2 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 3.53 15.25 6751.13 29165.63
AXIS D2-3 6.00 3.00 8.50 25.00 3825.00 9.9 15.25 37867.50 58331.25
AXIS D3-4 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 16.28 15.25 31135.50 29165.63
AXIS D4-5 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 20.53 15.25 39263.63 29165.63
AXIS E1-2 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 3.53 20 6751.13 38250.00
AXIS E2-3 6.00 3.00 8.50 25.00 3825.00 9.9 20 37867.50 76500.00
AXIS E3-4 6.00 3.00 4.25 25.00 1912.50 16.28 20 31135.50 38250.00
TOTAL 121612.50 1819098.56 1147696.88

(c) Column
Column Depth Width Height Unit Weight X Y
on (m) (m) (m) weight (KN) (m) (m) ( . ) ( . )
A1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 -1.4 23.5 192.1125 -11.445
A2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 5.65 23.5 192.1125 46.18875
A3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 14.15 23.5 192.1125 115.67625
A5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 22.65 23.5 192.1125 185.16375

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

A6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 31.15 23.5 192.1125 254.65125

A7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 35.4 23.5 192.1125 289.395
B1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 -1.40 16.7 136.5225 -11.445
B2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 5.65 16.7 136.5225 46.18875
B3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 14.15 16.7 136.5225 115.67625
B4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 18.4 16.7 136.5225 150.42
B5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 22.65 16.7 136.5225 185.16375
B6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 31.15 16.7 136.5225 254.65125
B7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 35.40 16.7 136.5225 289.395
C1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 0 9.5 77.6625 0
C2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 4.25 9.5 77.6625 34.74375
C3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 12.75 9.5 77.6625 104.23125
C5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 21.25 9.5 77.6625 173.71875
C6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 29.75 9.5 77.6625 243.20625
C7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 34 9.5 77.6625 277.95
D1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 0.00 7 57.225 0
D2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 4.25 7 57.225 34.74375
D3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 12.75 7 57.225 104.23125
D4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 17 7 57.225 138.975
E1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 0.00 0 0 0
E2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 4.25 0 0 34.74375
E3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 12.75 0 0 104.23125
E4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 17 0 0 138.975
TOTAL 220.73 2803.21 3299.43

(d) Wall

Width Depth Length Unit Weight X Y

Wall (m) (m) (m) weight (KN) (m) (m) ( . ) ( . )

AXIS1-A-B 0.20 3.02 3.99 16.00 38.56 1.40 3.50 53.98 134.96
AXIS1-B-C 0.20 3.02 2.08 16.00 20.10 1.40 10.50 28.14 211.06
AXIS1-C-D 0.20 3.02 0.91 16.00 8.79 0.00 15.25 0.00 134.11

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

AXIS1-D-E 0.20 3.02 4.45 16.00 43.00 0.00 20.75 0.00 892.35
AXIS3-A-B 0.20 3.02 3.91 16.00 37.79 9.90 3.50 374.08 132.25
AXIS3-B-C 0.20 3.02 3.37 16.00 32.57 9.90 10.50 322.42 341.96
AXIS4-B-C 0.20 3.02 2.11 16.00 20.39 14.78 10.50 301.38 214.11
AXIS4-C-D 0.20 3.02 2.25 16.00 21.74 14.88 15.25 323.55 331.60
AXIS4-D-E 0.20 3.02 4.30 16.00 41.56 14.88 20.00 618.34 831.10
AXIS5-A-B 0.15 3.02 2.13 16.00 15.44 18.40 3.50 284.06 54.03
AXIS5-B-C 0.15 3.02 6.75 16.00 48.92 18.40 10.50 900.20 513.70
AXIS6-B-C 0.15 3.02 1.73 16.00 12.54 26.90 10.50 337.30 131.66
AXIS7-A-B 0.20 3.02 2.78 16.00 26.87 33.28 3.50 894.10 94.03
AXIS7-B-C 0.20 3.02 2.65 16.00 25.61 33.28 10.50 852.29 268.90
AXISA-1-2 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 3.53 0.00 136.46 0.00
AXISA-2-3 0.20 3.02 8.25 16.00 79.73 9.90 0.00 789.31 0.00
AXISA-5-6 0.20 3.02 8.25 16.00 79.73 26.90 0.00 2144.68 0.00
AXISA-6-7 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 33.28 0.00 1286.47 0.00
AXISB-2-3 0.20 3.02 4.63 16.00 44.74 9.90 3.50 442.97 156.61
AXISB-3-4 0.20 3.02 0.75 16.00 7.25 16.28 3.50 118.00 25.37
AXISB-4-5 0.20 3.02 3.85 16.00 37.21 20.53 3.50 763.85 130.22
AXISB-5-6 0.15 3.02 4.53 16.00 32.83 26.91 3.50 883.55 114.92
AXISC-1-2 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 2.13 10.5 82.34 405.89
AXISC-2-3 0.20 3.02 8.25 16.00 79.73 8.5 10.5 677.69 837.14
AXISC-3-5 0.20 3.02 3.85 16.00 37.21 17 10.5 632.51 390.67
AXISC-5-6 0.20 3.02 6.25 16.00 60.40 25.5 10.5 1540.20 634.20
AXISC-6-7 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 31.88 10.5 1232.35 405.89
AXISE-1-2 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 2.13 20 82.34 773.12
AXISE-2-3 0.20 3.02 8.25 16.00 79.73 8.5 20 677.69 1594.56
AXISE-3-4 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 14.88 20 575.20 773.12
TOTAL 1164.37 17355.44 10527.53

Total weight at fourth floor level, ∑ = .

= 1232685.06 .

= 1946453.28 .

Center of mass on x-direction:

∑ 1946453.28 .
= = = 15.08
∑ 129053.87
Center of mass on y-direction:
∑ 1232685.06 .
= = = 9.55
∑ 129053.87

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 313
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

th
Table 4. 35: 4 floor Center of mass
(a) Slab

Width Depth Length unit Weight X Y

slab
(m) (m) (m) weight (kN) (m) (m) ( . ( .
DEAD
35.40 0.24 23.5 25 4991.4 17.7 11.75 88347.78 58648.95
LOAD
LIVE LOAD 35.40 1 23.5 25 20797.5 17.7 11.75 368115.75 244370.625
TOTAL 25788.9 456463.53 303019.575
(b) Beam
Width Depth Length unit Weight X Y
beam on (m) (m) (m) weight (kN) (m) (m) ( . ( .
AXIS 1A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 1.40 3.50 9.19 22.97
AXIS 1B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 1.40 10.50 9.19 68.91
AXIS 1C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 1.40 11.75 3.28 27.54
AXIS 1D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 1.40 20.00 9.19 131.25
AXIS 2A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 3.53 3.50 23.13 22.97
AXIS 2B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 3.53 10.50 23.13 68.91
AXIS 2C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 3.53 15.25 8.26 35.74
AXIS 2D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 3.53 20.00 23.13 131.25
AXIS 3A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 9.90 3.50 64.97 22.97
AXIS 3B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 9.90 10.50 64.97 68.91
AXIS 3C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 9.90 11.75 23.20 27.54
AXIS 3D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 9.90 20.00 64.97 131.25
AXIS 4A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 16.28 3.50 106.80 22.97
AXIS 4B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 16.28 10.50 106.80 68.91
AXIS 4-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 16.28 11.75 38.14 27.54
AXIS 4-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 16.28 20.00 106.84 131.25
AXIS 5-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 20.53 3.50 134.70 22.97
AXIS 5-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 20.53 10.50 134.70 68.91
AXIS 5-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 20.53 15.25 48.11 35.74
AXIS 6-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 26.90 3.50 176.53 22.97
AXIS 6-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 26.90 10.50 176.53 68.91
AXIS 7-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 32.28 3.50 211.80 22.97
AXIS 7-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 32.28 10.50 211.80 68.91
AXIS A-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 0.00 14.04 0.00
AXIS A-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.90 0.00 78.89 0.00
AXIS A5-6 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 26.90 0.00 214.36 0.00
AXIS A6-7 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 33.28 0.00 132.58 0.00
AXIS B1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 3.50 14.04 13.95
AXIS B2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.90 3.50 78.89 27.89
AXIS B3-4 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 16.28 3.50 64.87 13.95

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 314
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

AXIS B4-5 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 20.53 3.50 81.80 13.95
AXIS B5-6 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 26.9 3.50 214.36 27.89
AXIS B6-7 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 33.28 3.50 132.60 13.95
AXIS C1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 10.5 14.06 41.84
AXIS C2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.9 10.5 78.89 83.67
AXIS C3-5 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 18.4 10.5 146.63 83.67
AXIS C5-6 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 26.9 10.5 214.36 83.67
AXIS C6-7 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 33.28 10.5 132.60 41.84
AXIS D1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 15.25 14.06 60.76
AXIS D2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.9 15.25 78.89 121.52
AXIS D3-4 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 16.28 15.25 64.87 60.76
AXIS D4-5 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 20.53 15.25 81.80 60.76
AXIS E1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 20 14.06 79.69
AXIS E2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.9 20 78.89 159.38
AXIS E3-4 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 16.28 20 64.87 79.69
TOTAL 253.36 3789.79 2391.04
(c) Column

Depth Width Height Unit Weight X Y

Column on
(m) (m) (m) weight (KN) (m) (m) ( . ( .
A1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 -1.4 23.5 192.1125 -11.445
A2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 5.65 23.5 192.1125 46.18875
A3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 14.15 23.5 192.1125 115.67625
A5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 22.65 23.5 192.1125 185.16375
A6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 31.15 23.5 192.1125 254.65125
A7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 35.4 23.5 192.1125 289.395
B1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 -1.40 16.7 136.5225 -11.445
B2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 5.65 16.7 136.5225 46.18875
B3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 14.15 16.7 136.5225 115.67625
B4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 18.4 16.7 136.5225 150.42
B5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 22.65 16.7 136.5225 185.16375
B6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 31.15 16.7 136.5225 254.65125
B7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 35.40 16.7 136.5225 289.395
C1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 0 9.5 77.6625 0
C2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 4.25 9.5 77.6625 34.74375
C3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 12.75 9.5 77.6625 104.23125
C5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 21.25 9.5 77.6625 173.71875
C6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 29.75 9.5 77.6625 243.20625
C7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 34 9.5 77.6625 277.95
D1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 0.00 7 57.225 0
D2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 4.25 7 57.225 34.74375
D3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 12.75 7 57.225 104.23125

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 315
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

D4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 17 7 57.225 138.975

E1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 0.00 0 0 0
E2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 4.25 0 0 34.74375
E3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 12.75 0 0 104.23125
E4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 17 0 0 138.975
TOTAL 220.73 2803.21 3299.43
(d) Wall
Width depth Length Unit Weight X Y
Wall (m) (m) (m) weight (kN) (m) (m) ( . ( .
AXIS1-A-B 0.20 3.02 3.79 16.00 36.63 1.40 3.50 51.28 128.19
AXIS1-B-C 0.20 3.02 2.08 16.00 20.10 1.40 10.50 28.14 211.06
AXIS1-C-D 0.20 3.02 1.00 16.00 9.66 0.00 15.25 0.00 147.38
AXIS1-D-E 0.20 3.02 4.65 16.00 44.94 0.00 20.75 0.00 932.46
AXIS2-A-B 0.15 3.02 1.73 16.00 12.54 3.53 3.50 44.26 43.89
AXIS2-D-E 0.15 3.02 0.20 16.00 1.45 2.13 20.00 3.09 28.99
AXIS3-A-B 0.15 3.02 3.46 16.00 25.08 9.90 3.50 248.27 87.77
AXIS3-B-C 0.20 3.02 3.37 16.00 32.57 9.90 10.50 322.42 341.96
AXIS4-B-C 0.20 3.02 2.11 16.00 20.39 14.78 10.50 301.38 214.11
AXIS4-C-D 0.20 3.02 2.25 16.00 21.74 14.88 15.25 323.55 331.60
AXIS4-D-E 0.20 3.02 3.50 16.00 33.82 14.88 20.00 503.30 676.48
AXIS5-A-B 0.20 3.02 2.20 16.00 21.26 18.40 3.50 391.20 74.41
AXIS5-B-C 0.20 3.02 6.75 16.00 65.23 18.40 10.50 1200.27 684.94
AXIS5-C-D 0.20 3.02 1.25 16.00 12.08 17.00 15.25 205.36 184.22
AXIS6-B-C 0.20 3.02 0.45 16.00 4.35 26.90 10.50 116.98 45.66
AXIS7-A-B 0.20 3.02 2.78 16.00 26.87 33.28 3.50 894.10 94.03
AXIS7-B-C 0.20 3.02 2.65 16.00 25.61 33.28 10.50 852.29 268.90
AXISA-1-2 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 3.53 0.00 136.46 0.00
AXISA-2-3 0.20 3.02 8.25 16.00 79.73 9.90 0.00 789.31 0.00
AXISA-5-6 0.20 3.02 8.25 16.00 79.73 26.90 0.00 2144.68 0.00
AXISA-6-7 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 33.28 0.00 1286.47 0.00
AXISB-2-3 0.15 3.02 5.75 16.00 41.68 9.90 3.50 412.59 145.87
AXISB-3-4 0.20 3.02 0.75 16.00 7.25 16.28 3.50 118.00 25.37
AXISB-4-5 0.20 3.02 3.85 16.00 37.21 20.53 3.50 763.85 130.22
AXISB-5-6 0.15 3.02 6.21 16.00 45.01 26.91 3.50 1211.22 157.54
AXISC-1-2 0.15 3.02 4.00 16.00 28.99 2.13 10.5 61.75 304.42
AXISC-2-3 0.15 3.02 8.25 16.00 59.80 8.5 10.5 508.27 627.86
AXISC-3-5 0.20 3.02 4.88 16.00 47.16 17 10.5 801.73 495.18
AXISC-5-6 0.20 3.02 4.90 16.00 47.35 25.5 10.5 1207.52 497.21
AXISC-6-7 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 31.88 10.5 1232.35 405.89
AXISD-4-5 0.20 3.02 2.08 16.00 20.10 19.13 15.25 384.53 306.54
AXISE-1-2 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 2.13 20 82.34 773.12
AXISE-2-3 0.20 3.02 8.25 16.00 79.73 8.5 20 677.69 1594.56
AXISE-3-4 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 14.88 20 575.20 773.12
TOTAL 1181.33 17879.84 10732.9
Total weight at fourth floor level, ∑ = .

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 316
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

= 319442.98 .

= 480936.37 .

Center of mass on x-direction:

∑ 480936.37
= = = 17.524
∑ 27444.98
Center of mass on y-direction:
∑ 319442.98
= = = 11.64
∑ 27444.98
Table 4. 36: Third floor center of mass
(a) Slab

Width depth Length Unit Weight X Y

slab
(m) (m) (m) weight (KN) (m) (m) ( .
( .
DEAD LOAD 35.40 0.24 23.5 25 4991.4 17.7 11.75 88347.78 58648.95
LIVE LOAD 35.40 1 23.5 25 20797.5 17.7 11.75 368115.75 244370.625
TOTAL 25788.9 456463.53 303019.575
(b) Beam

Width depth Length Unit Weight X Y

beam on
(m) (m) (m) weight (KN) (m) (m) ( . ( .
AXIS 1-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 1.40 3.50 9.19 22.97
AXIS 1-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 1.40 10.50 9.19 68.91
AXIS 1-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 1.40 11.75 3.28 27.54
AXIS 1-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 1.40 20.00 9.19 131.25
AXIS 2-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 3.53 3.50 23.13 22.97
AXIS 2-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 3.53 10.50 23.13 68.91
AXIS 2-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 3.53 15.25 8.26 35.74
AXIS 2-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 3.53 20.00 23.13 131.25
AXIS 3-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 9.90 3.50 64.97 22.97
AXIS 3-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 9.90 10.50 64.97 68.91
AXIS 3-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 9.90 11.75 23.20 27.54
AXIS 3-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 9.90 20.00 64.97 131.25
AXIS 4-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 16.28 3.50 106.80 22.97
AXIS 4-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 16.28 10.50 106.80 68.91
AXIS 4-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 16.28 11.75 38.14 27.54
AXIS 4-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 16.28 20.00 106.84 131.25
AXIS 5-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 20.53 3.50 134.70 22.97
AXIS 5-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 20.53 10.50 134.70 68.91
AXIS 5-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 20.53 15.25 48.11 35.74

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

AXIS 6-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 26.90 3.50 176.53 22.97
AXIS 6-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 26.90 10.50 176.53 68.91
AXIS 7-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 32.28 3.50 211.80 22.97
AXIS 7-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 32.28 10.50 211.80 68.91
AXIS A-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 0.00 14.04 0.00
AXIS A-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.90 0.00 78.89 0.00
AXIS A-5-6 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 26.90 0.00 214.36 0.00
AXIS A-6-7 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 33.28 0.00 132.58 0.00
AXIS B-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 3.50 14.04 13.95
AXIS B-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.90 3.50 78.89 27.89
AXIS B-3-4 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 16.28 3.50 64.87 13.95
AXIS B-4-5 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 20.53 3.50 81.80 13.95
AXIS B-5-6 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 26.9 3.50 214.36 27.89
AXIS B-6-7 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 33.28 3.50 132.60 13.95
AXIS C-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 10.5 14.06 41.84
AXIS C-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.9 10.5 78.89 83.67
AXIS C-3-5 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 18.4 10.5 146.63 83.67
AXIS C-5-6 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 26.9 10.5 214.36 83.67
AXIS C-6-7 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 33.28 10.5 132.60 41.84
AXIS D-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 15.25 14.06 60.76
AXIS D-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.9 15.25 78.89 121.52
AXIS D-3-4 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 16.28 15.25 64.87 60.76
AXIS D-4-5 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 20.53 15.25 81.80 60.76
AXIS E-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 20 14.06 79.69
AXIS E-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.9 20 78.89 159.38
AXIS E-3-4 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 16.28 20 64.87 79.69
TOTAL 253.36 3789.79 2391.04

(c) Column

Depth Width Height Unit Weight X Y

Column on
(m) (m) (m) weight (KN) (m) (m) ( . ( .
A1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 -1.4 23.5 192.23 -11.452
A2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 5.65 23.5 192.23 46.217
A3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 14.15 23.5 192.23 115.747

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 318
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

A5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 22.65 23.5 192.23 185.277

A6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 31.15 23.5 192.23 254.807
A7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 35.4 23.5 192.23 289.572
B1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 -1.40 16.7 136.606 -11.452
B2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 5.65 16.7 136.606 46.217
B3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 14.15 16.7 136.606 115.747
B4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 18.4 16.7 136.606 150.512
B5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 22.65 16.7 136.606 185.277
B6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 31.15 16.7 136.606 254.807
B7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 35.40 16.7 136.606 289.572
C1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 0 9.5 77.71 0
C2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 4.25 9.5 77.71 34.765
C3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 12.75 9.5 77.71 104.295
C5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 21.25 9.5 77.71 173.825
C6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 29.75 9.5 77.71 243.355
C7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 34 9.5 77.71 278.12
D1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 0.00 7 57.26 0
D2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 4.25 7 57.26 34.765
D3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 12.75 7 57.26 104.295
D4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 17 7 57.26 139.06
E1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 0.00 0 0 0
E2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 4.25 0 0 34.765
E3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 12.75 0 0 104.295
E4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 17 0 0 139.06
TOTAL 220.86 2804.92 3301.45
(d) Wall

Width depth Length Unit Weight X Y

wall (m) (m) (m) weight (KN) (m) (m) ( . ( .
AXIS1-A-B 0.20 3.02 3.99 16.00 38.56 1.40 3.50 53.98 134.96
AXIS1-B-C 0.20 3.02 2.75 16.00 26.58 1.40 10.50 37.21 279.05
AXIS1-C-D 0.20 3.02 0.95 16.00 9.18 0.00 15.25 0.00 140.01
AXIS1-D-E 0.20 3.02 4.45 16.00 43.00 0.00 20.75 0.00 892.35
AXIS2-A-B 0.15 3.02 0.45 16.00 3.26 3.53 3.50 11.51 11.42
AXIS2-B-C 0.15 3.02 2.35 16.00 17.03 3.53 10.50 60.13 178.84
AXIS3-A-B 0.20 3.02 3.66 16.00 35.37 9.90 3.50 350.17 123.80
AXIS3-B-C 0.15 3.02 1.46 16.00 10.58 9.90 10.50 104.76 111.11
AXIS3-C-D 0.15 3.02 0.96 16.00 6.96 8.50 15.20 59.14 105.76
AXIS3-D-E 0.15 3.02 1.62 16.00 11.74 8.50 20.00 99.80 234.84
AXIS4-B-C 0.20 3.02 0.40 16.00 3.87 14.78 10.50 57.13 40.59
AXIS4-C-D 0.15 3.02 2.25 16.00 16.31 14.88 15.25 242.66 248.70
AXIS4-D-E 0.20 3.02 3.30 16.00 31.89 14.88 20.00 474.54 637.82

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

AXIS5-A-B 0.20 3.02 2.20 16.00 21.26 18.40 3.50 391.20 74.41
AXIS5-B-C 0.20 3.02 6.75 16.00 65.23 18.40 10.50 1200.27 684.94
AXIS5-C-D 0.20 3.02 0.20 16.00 1.93 17.00 15.25 32.86 29.48
AXIS7-A-B 0.20 3.02 2.78 16.00 26.87 33.28 3.50 894.10 94.03
AXIS7-B-C 0.20 3.02 2.65 16.00 25.61 33.28 10.50 852.29 268.90
AXISA-1-2 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 3.53 0.00 136.46 0.00
AXISA-2-3 0.20 3.02 8.25 16.00 79.73 9.90 0.00 789.31 0.00
AXISA-5-6 0.20 3.02 8.25 16.00 79.73 26.90 0.00 2144.68 0.00
AXISA-6-7 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 33.28 0.00 1286.47 0.00
AXISB-2-3 0.15 3.02 6.52 16.00 47.26 9.90 3.50 467.84 165.40
AXISB-3-4 0.20 3.02 0.96 16.00 9.28 16.28 3.50 151.04 32.47
AXISB-4-5 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 20.53 3.50 793.61 135.30
AXISB-5-6 0.15 3.02 5.11 16.00 37.04 26.91 3.50 996.67 129.63
AXISC-1-2 0.15 3.02 4.00 16.00 28.99 2.13 10.5 61.75 304.42
AXISC-2-3 0.15 3.02 8.25 16.00 59.80 8.5 10.5 508.27 627.86
AXISC-3-5 0.20 3.02 3.11 16.00 30.06 17 10.5 510.94 315.58
AXISC-5-6 0.20 3.02 6.30 16.00 60.88 25.5 10.5 1552.52 639.27
AXISC-6-7 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 31.88 10.5 1232.35 405.89
AXISD-3-4 0.15 3.02 1.43 16.00 10.36 14.88 15.25 154.23 158.06
AXISE-1-2 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 2.13 20 82.34 773.12
AXISE-2-3 0.20 3.02 8.25 16.00 79.73 8.5 20 677.69 1594.56
AXISE-3-4 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 14.88 20 575.20 773.12
TOTAL 1150.02 17043.11 10345.66

Total weight at third floor level, ∑ = .

= 319057.72 .

= 480101.36 .

Center of mass on x-direction:

∑ 480101.36
= = = 17.51
∑ 27413.14
Center of mass on y-direction:

∑ 319057.72
= = = 11.64
∑ 27413.14

Table 4. 37: Second floor center of mass

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 320
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

(a) slab

Width depth Length Unit Weight X Y

slab
(m) (m) (m) weight (kN) (m) (m) ( . ( .
DEAD LOAD 35.40 0.24 23.5 25 4991.4 17.7 11.75 88347.78 58648.95
LIVE LOAD 35.40 1 23.5 25 20797.5 17.7 11.75 368115.75 244370.625
TOTAL 25788.9 456463.53 303019.575

(b) beam

Width depth Length Unit Weight X Y

beam on (m) (m) (m) weight (kN) (m) (m) ( . ( .
AXIS 1-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 1.40 3.50 9.19 22.97
AXIS 1-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 1.40 10.50 9.19 68.91
AXIS 1-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 1.40 11.75 3.28 27.54
AXIS 1-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 1.40 20.00 9.19 131.25
AXIS 2-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 3.53 3.50 23.13 22.97
AXIS 2-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 3.53 10.50 23.13 68.91
AXIS 2-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 3.53 15.25 8.26 35.74
AXIS 2-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 3.53 20.00 23.13 131.25
AXIS 3-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 9.90 3.50 64.97 22.97
AXIS 3-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 9.90 10.50 64.97 68.91
AXIS 3-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 9.90 11.75 23.20 27.54
AXIS 3-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 9.90 20.00 64.97 131.25
AXIS 4-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 16.28 3.50 106.80 22.97
AXIS 4-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 16.28 10.50 106.80 68.91
AXIS 4-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 16.28 11.75 38.14 27.54
AXIS 4-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 16.28 20.00 106.84 131.25
AXIS 5-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 20.53 3.50 134.70 22.97
AXIS 5-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 20.53 10.50 134.70 68.91
AXIS 5-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 20.53 15.25 48.11 35.74
AXIS 6-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 26.90 3.50 176.53 22.97
AXIS 6-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 26.90 10.50 176.53 68.91
AXIS 7-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 32.28 3.50 211.80 22.97
AXIS 7-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 32.28 10.50 211.80 68.91
AXIS A-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 0.00 14.04 0.00
AXIS A-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.90 0.00 78.89 0.00
AXIS A-5-6 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 26.90 0.00 214.36 0.00
AXIS A-6-7 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 33.28 0.00 132.58 0.00
AXIS B-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 3.50 14.04 13.95
AXIS B-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.90 3.50 78.89 27.89
AXIS B-3-4 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 16.28 3.50 64.87 13.95

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 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

AXIS B-4-5 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 20.53 3.50 81.80 13.95
AXIS B-5-6 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 26.9 3.50 214.36 27.89
AXIS B-6-7 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 33.28 3.50 132.60 13.95
AXIS C-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 10.5 14.06 41.84
AXIS C-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.9 10.5 78.89 83.67
AXIS C-3-5 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 18.4 10.5 146.63 83.67
AXIS C-5-6 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 26.9 10.5 214.36 83.67
AXIS C-6-7 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 33.28 10.5 132.60 41.84
AXIS D-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 15.25 14.06 60.76
AXIS D-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.9 15.25 78.89 121.52
AXIS D-3-4 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 16.28 15.25 64.87 60.76
AXIS D-4-5 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 20.53 15.25 81.80 60.76
AXIS E-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 20 14.06 79.69
AXIS E-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.9 20 78.89 159.38
AXIS E-3-4 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 16.28 20 64.87 79.69
TOTAL 253.36 3789.79 2391.04
(c) column

Depth Width Height Unit Weight X Y

Column on
(m) (m) (m) weight (KN) (m) (m) ( . ( .
A1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 -1.4 23.5 192.1125 -11.445
A2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 5.65 23.5 192.1125 46.18875
A3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 14.15 23.5 192.1125 115.67625
A5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 22.65 23.5 192.1125 185.16375
A6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 31.15 23.5 192.1125 254.65125
A7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 35.4 23.5 192.1125 289.395
B1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 -1.40 16.7 136.5225 -11.445
B2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 5.65 16.7 136.5225 46.18875
B3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 14.15 16.7 136.5225 115.67625
B4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 18.4 16.7 136.5225 150.42
B5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 22.65 16.7 136.5225 185.16375
B6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 31.15 16.7 136.5225 254.65125
B7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 35.40 16.7 136.5225 289.395
C1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 0 9.5 77.6625 0
C2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 4.25 9.5 77.6625 34.74375
C3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 12.75 9.5 77.6625 104.23125
C5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 21.25 9.5 77.6625 173.71875
C6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 29.75 9.5 77.6625 243.20625
C7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 34 9.5 77.6625 277.95
D1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 0.00 7 57.225 0
D2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 4.25 7 57.225 34.74375
D3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 12.75 7 57.225 104.23125

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 322
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

D4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 17 7 57.225 138.975

E1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 0.00 0 0 0
E2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 4.25 0 0 34.74375
E3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 12.75 0 0 104.23125
E4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 17 0 0 138.975
TOTAL 220.73 2803.21 3299.43
(d) Wall
Width Depth Length Unit Weight X Y
wall (m) (m) (m) weight (kN) (m) (m) ( . ( .
AXIS1-A-B 0.20 3.02 3.99 16.00 38.56 1.40 3.50 53.98 134.96
AXIS1-B-C 0.20 3.02 2.75 16.00 26.58 1.40 10.50 37.21 279.05
AXIS1-C-D 0.20 3.02 0.95 16.00 9.18 0.00 15.25 0.00 140.01
AXIS1-D-E 0.20 3.02 4.45 16.00 43.00 0.00 20.75 0.00 892.35
AXIS2-A-B 0.15 3.02 0.45 16.00 3.6 3.53 3.50 11.51 11.42
AXIS2-B-C 0.15 3.02 2.35 16.00 17.03 3.53 10.50 60.13 178.84
AXIS3-A-B 0.20 3.02 3.66 16.00 35.37 9.90 3.50 350.17 123.80
AXIS3-B-C 0.15 3.02 1.46 16.00 10.58 9.90 10.50 104.76 111.11
AXIS3-C-D 0.15 3.02 0.96 16.00 6.96 8.50 15.20 59.14 105.76
AXIS3-D-E 0.15 3.02 1.62 16.00 11.74 8.50 20.00 99.80 234.84
AXIS4-B-C 0.20 3.02 0.40 16.00 3.87 14.78 10.50 57.13 40.59
AXIS4-C-D 0.15 3.02 2.25 16.00 16.31 14.88 15.25 242.66 248.70
AXIS4-D-E 0.20 3.02 3.30 16.00 31.89 14.88 20.00 474.54 637.82
AXIS5-A-B 0.20 3.02 2.20 16.00 21.26 18.40 3.50 391.20 74.41
AXIS5-B-C 0.20 3.02 6.75 16.00 65.23 18.40 10.50 1200.27 684.94
AXIS5-C-D 0.20 3.02 0.20 16.00 1.93 17.00 15.25 32.86 29.48
AXIS7-A-B 0.20 3.02 2.78 16.00 26.87 33.28 3.50 894.10 94.03
AXIS7-B-C 0.20 3.02 2.65 16.00 25.61 33.28 10.50 852.29 268.90
AXISA-1-2 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 3.53 0.00 136.46 0.00
AXISA-2-3 0.20 3.02 8.25 16.00 79.73 9.90 0.00 789.31 0.00
AXISA-5-6 0.20 3.02 8.25 16.00 79.73 26.90 0.00 2144.68 0.00
AXISA-6-7 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 33.28 0.00 1286.47 0.00
AXISB-2-3 0.15 3.02 6.52 16.00 47.26 9.90 3.50 467.84 165.40
AXISB-3-4 0.20 3.02 0.96 16.00 9.28 16.28 3.50 151.04 32.47
AXISB-4-5 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 20.53 3.50 793.61 135.30
AXISB-5-6 0.15 3.02 5.11 16.00 37.04 26.91 3.50 996.67 129.63
AXISC-1-2 0.15 3.02 4.00 16.00 28.99 2.13 10.5 61.75 304.42
AXISC-2-3 0.15 3.02 8.25 16.00 59.80 8.5 10.5 508.27 627.86
AXISC-3-5 0.20 3.02 3.11 16.00 30.06 17 10.5 510.94 315.58
AXISC-5-6 0.20 3.02 6.30 16.00 60.88 25.5 10.5 1552.52 639.27
AXISC-6-7 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 31.88 10.5 1232.35 405.89
AXISD-3-4 0.15 3.02 1.43 16.00 10.36 14.88 15.25 154.23 158.06

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 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

AXISE-1-2 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 2.13 20 82.34 773.12

AXISE-2-3 0.20 3.02 8.25 16.00 79.73 8.5 20 677.69 1594.56
AXISE-3-4 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 14.88 20 575.20 773.12
TOTAL 1150.02 17043.11 10345.66

Total weight at second floor level, ∑ = .

= 3190055.70 .

= 480099.64 .

Center of mass on x-direction:

∑ 480099.64
= = = 17.51
∑ 27413.00
Center of mass on y-direction:
∑ 3190055.70
= = = 11.64
∑ 27413.00
Table 4. 38: First floor center of mass
(a) Slab

Width depth Length Unit Weight X Y

slab
(m) (m) (m) weight (kN) (m) (m) ( . ( .
DEAD
35.40 0.24 23.5 25 4991.4 17.7 11.75 88347.78 58648.95
LOAD
LIVE LOAD 35.40 1 23.5 25 20797.5 17.7 11.75 368115.75 244370.625
TOTAL 25788.9 456463.53 303019.575

(b) Beam

Width depth Length Unit Weight X Y

beam on
(m) (m) (m) weight (KN) (m) (m) ( . ( .
AXIS 1-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 1.40 3.50 9.19 22.97
AXIS 1-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 1.40 10.50 9.19 68.91
AXIS 1-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 1.40 11.75 3.28 27.54
AXIS 1-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 1.40 20.00 9.19 131.25
AXIS 2-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 3.53 3.50 23.13 22.97
AXIS 2-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 3.53 10.50 23.13 68.91

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 324
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

AXIS 2-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 3.53 15.25 8.26 35.74
AXIS 2-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 3.53 20.00 23.13 131.25
AXIS 3-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 9.90 3.50 64.97 22.97
AXIS 3-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 9.90 10.50 64.97 68.91
AXIS 3-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 9.90 11.75 23.20 27.54
AXIS 3-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 9.90 20.00 64.97 131.25
AXIS 4-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 16.28 3.50 106.80 22.97
AXIS 4-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 16.28 10.50 106.80 68.91
AXIS 4-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 16.28 11.75 38.14 27.54
AXIS 4-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 16.28 20.00 106.84 131.25
AXIS 5-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 20.53 3.50 134.70 22.97
AXIS 5-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 20.53 10.50 134.70 68.91
AXIS 5-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 20.53 15.25 48.11 35.74
AXIS 6-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 26.90 3.50 176.53 22.97
AXIS 6-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 26.90 10.50 176.53 68.91
AXIS 7-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 32.28 3.50 211.80 22.97
AXIS 7-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 32.28 10.50 211.80 68.91
AXIS A-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 0.00 14.04 0.00
AXIS A-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.90 0.00 78.89 0.00
AXIS A-5-6 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 26.90 0.00 214.36 0.00
AXIS A-6-7 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 33.28 0.00 132.58 0.00
AXIS B-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 3.50 14.04 13.95
AXIS B-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.90 3.50 78.89 27.89
AXIS B-3-4 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 16.28 3.50 64.87 13.95
AXIS B-4-5 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 20.53 3.50 81.80 13.95
AXIS B-5-6 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 26.9 3.50 214.36 27.89
AXIS B-6-7 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 33.28 3.50 132.60 13.95
AXIS C-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 10.5 14.06 41.84
AXIS C-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.9 10.5 78.89 83.67
AXIS C-3-5 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 18.4 10.5 146.63 83.67
AXIS C-5-6 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 26.9 10.5 214.36 83.67
AXIS C-6-7 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 33.28 10.5 132.60 41.84
AXIS D-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 15.25 14.06 60.76
AXIS D-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.9 15.25 78.89 121.52
AXIS D-3-4 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 16.28 15.25 64.87 60.76
AXIS D-4-5 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 20.53 15.25 81.80 60.76
AXIS E-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 20 14.06 79.69
AXIS E-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.9 20 78.89 159.38
AXIS E-3-4 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 16.28 20 64.87 79.69
TOTAL 253.36 3789.79 2391.04
(c) column

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 325
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Column Depth Width Height Unit Weight X Y

on (m) (m) (m) weight (KN) (m) (m) ( . ( .
A1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 -1.4 23.5 192.1125 -11.445
A2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 5.65 23.5 192.1125 46.18875
A3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 14.15 23.5 192.1125 115.67625
A5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 22.65 23.5 192.1125 185.16375
A6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 31.15 23.5 192.1125 254.65125
A7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 35.4 23.5 192.1125 289.395
B1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 -1.40 16.7 136.5225 -11.445
B2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 5.65 16.7 136.5225 46.18875
B3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 14.15 16.7 136.5225 115.67625
B4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 18.4 16.7 136.5225 150.42
B5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 22.65 16.7 136.5225 185.16375
B6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 31.15 16.7 136.5225 254.65125
B7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 35.40 16.7 136.5225 289.395
C1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 0 9.5 77.6625 0
C2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 4.25 9.5 77.6625 34.74375
C3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 12.75 9.5 77.6625 104.23125
C5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 21.25 9.5 77.6625 173.71875
C6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 29.75 9.5 77.6625 243.20625
C7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 34 9.5 77.6625 277.95
D1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 0.00 7 57.225 0
D2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 4.25 7 57.225 34.74375
D3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 12.75 7 57.225 104.23125
D4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 17 7 57.225 138.975
E1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 0.00 0 0 0
E2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 4.25 0 0 34.74375
E3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 12.75 0 0 104.23125
E4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.175 17 0 0 138.975
TOTAL 220.73 2803.21 3299.43

(d) wall

Width depth Length Unit Weight X Y

wall (m) (m) (m) weight (KN) (m) (m) ( . ( .
AXIS1-A-B 0.20 3.02 3.50 16.00 33.82 1.40 3.50 47.35 118.38
AXIS1-C-D 0.20 3.02 0.25 16.00 2.42 0.00 15.25 0.00 36.84
AXIS1-D-E 0.20 3.02 0.25 16.00 2.42 0.00 20.75 0.00 50.13
AXIS2-A-B 0.15 3.02 6.75 16.00 48.92 3.53 3.50 172.70 171.23
AXIS2-C-D 0.15 3.02 1.45 16.00 10.51 2.13 15.25 22.39 160.27
AXIS2-D-E 0.15 3.02 6.75 16.00 48.92 2.13 20.00 104.21 978.48

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 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

AXIS3-B-C 0.20 3.02 1.25 16.00 12.08 9.90 10.50 119.59 126.84
AXIS3-C-D 0.20 3.02 1.20 16.00 11.60 8.50 15.20 98.57 176.27
AXIS4-C-D 0.15 3.02 2.25 16.00 16.31 14.88 15.25 242.66 248.70
AXIS4-D-E 0.20 3.02 3.20 16.00 30.92 14.88 20.00 460.16 618.50
AXIS5-A-B 0.15 3.02 0.20 16.00 1.45 18.40 3.50 26.67 5.07
AXIS5-C-D 0.20 3.02 0.20 16.00 1.93 17.00 15.25 32.86 29.48
AXIS6-B-C 0.15 3.02 4.79 16.00 34.72 26.90 10.50 933.91 364.54
AXIS7-A-B 0.20 3.02 2.43 16.00 23.48 33.28 3.50 781.53 82.19
AXIS7-B-C 0.20 3.02 1.41 16.00 13.63 33.28 10.50 453.48 143.08
AXISA-1-2 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 3.53 0.00 136.46 0.00
AXISA-2-3 0.20 3.02 4.38 16.00 42.33 9.90 0.00 419.05 0.00
AXISA-5-6 0.20 3.02 8.25 16.00 79.73 26.90 0.00 2144.68 0.00
AXISA-6-7 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 33.28 0.00 1286.47 0.00
AXISB-1-2 0.15 3.02 4.00 16.00 28.99 3.53 3.50 102.34 101.47
AXISB-2-3 0.15 3.02 7.50 16.00 54.36 9.90 3.50 538.16 190.26
AXISB-3-4 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 16.28 3.50 629.32 135.30
AXISB-4-5 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 20.53 3.50 793.61 135.30
AXISB-6-7 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 33.28 3.50 1286.47 135.30
AXISC-1-2 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 2.13 10.5 82.34 405.89
AXISC-2-3 0.20 3.02 4.30 16.00 41.56 8.5 10.5 353.22 436.33
AXISC-3-5 0.15 3.02 8.25 16.00 59.80 17 10.5 1016.53 627.86
AXISC-5-6 0.20 3.02 5.25 16.00 50.74 25.5 10.5 1293.77 532.73
AXISC-6-7 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 31.88 10.5 1232.35 405.89
AXISD-2-3 0.20 3.02 0.40 16.00 3.87 8.5 15.25 32.86 58.95
AXISD-3-4 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 14.88 15.25 575.20 589.50
AXISD-4-5 0.20 3.02 2.08 16.00 20.10 19.13 15.25 384.53 306.54
AXISE-1-2 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 2.13 20 82.34 773.12
AXISE-2-3 0.20 3.02 8.25 16.00 79.73 8.5 20 677.69 1594.56
AXISE-3-4 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 14.88 20 575.20 773.12
TOTAL 1140.88 17138.69 10512.11

Total weight at first floor level, ∑ = .

= 319222.15 .

= 480195.21 .

Center of mass on x-direction:

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 327
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

∑ 480195.21
= = = 17.52
∑ 27403.87

Center of mass on y-direction:

∑ 319222.15
= = = 11.65
∑ 27403.87
Table 4. 39 Ground floor center of mass
(a) Column

Depth Width Height Unit Weight X Y

Column
(m) (m) (m) weight (KN) (m) (m) ( . ( .
A1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 0 23.5 192.23 0
A2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 4.25 23.5 192.23 34.765
A3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 12.75 23.5 192.23 104.295
A4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 17.00 23.5 192.23 139.06
A5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 21.25 23.5 192.23 173.825
A6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 29.75 23.5 192.23 243.355
A7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 34.00 23.5 192.23 278.12
B1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 0 16.7 136.606 0
B2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 4.25 16.7 136.606 34.765
B3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 12.75 16.7 136.606 104.295
B4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 17 16.7 136.606 139.06
B5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 21.25 16.7 136.606 173.825
B6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 29.75 16.7 136.606 243.355
B7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 34 16.7 136.606 278.12
C1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 0 9.5 77.71 0
C2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 4.25 9.5 77.71 34.765
C3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 12.75 9.5 77.71 104.295
C5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 21.25 9.5 77.71 173.825
C6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 29.75 9.5 77.71 243.355
C7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 34.00 9.5 77.71 278.12
D1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 0 7 57.26 0
D2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 4.25 7 57.26 34.765
D3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 12.75 7 57.26 104.295
D4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 17.00 7 57.26 139.06
D5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 21.25 7 57.26 173.825
D6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 29.75 7 57.26 243.355
D7 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 34 7 57.26 278.12
E1 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 0 0 0 0
E2 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 4.25 0 0 34.765

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E3 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 12.75 0 0 104.295

E4 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 17 0 0 139.06
E5 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 21.25 0 0 173.825
E6 0.40 0.25 3.27 25 8.18 29.75 0 0 243.355
TOTAL 269.94 3168.93 4449.92
(b) Beam

Width depth Length Unit Weight X Y

beam on (m) (m) (m) weight (KN) (m) (m) ( . ( .
AXIS 1-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 0.00 3.50 0.00 22.97
AXIS 1-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 0.00 10.50 0.00 68.91
AXIS 1-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 0.00 15.25 0.00 35.74
AXIS 1-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 0.00 20.00 0.00 131.25
AXIS 2-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 2.13 3.50 13.98 22.97
AXIS 2-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 2.13 10.50 13.98 68.91
AXIS 2-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 2.13 15.25 4.99 35.74
AXIS 2-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 2.13 20.00 13.98 131.25
AXIS 3-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 8.50 3.50 55.78 22.97
AXIS 3-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 8.50 10.50 55.78 68.91
AXIS 3-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 8.50 15.25 19.92 35.74
AXIS 3-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 8.50 20.00 55.78 131.25
AXIS 4-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 14.88 3.50 97.62 22.97
AXIS 4-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 14.88 10.50 97.62 68.91
AXIS 4-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 14.88 15.25 34.86 35.74
AXIS 4-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 14.88 20.00 97.62 131.25
AXIS 5-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 19.38 3.50 127.18 22.97
AXIS 5-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 19.38 10.50 127.18 68.91
AXIS 5-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 19.38 15.25 45.42 35.74
AXIS 5-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 19.38 20.00 127.18 131.25
AXIS 6-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 25.50 3.50 167.34 22.97
AXIS 6-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 25.50 10.50 101.60 41.84
AXIS 6-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 25.50 15.25 203.20 121.52
AXIS 6-D-E 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 25.50 20.00 101.60 79.69
AXIS 7-A-B 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 31.87 3.50 209.15 13.95
AXIS 7-B-C 0.25 0.15 7.00 25.00 6.56 31.87 10.50 209.15 83.67
AXIS 7-C-D 0.25 0.15 2.50 25.00 2.34 31.87 15.25 74.70 60.76
AXIS A-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 2.13 0.00 8.47 0.00
AXIS A-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 8.50 0.00 67.73 0.00
AXIS A-3-4 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 14.88 0.00 59.29 0.00
AXIS A-4-5 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 19.13 0.00 76.22 0.00
AXIS A-5-6 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 25.50 0.00 209.15 0.00
AXIS A-6-7 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 31.88 0.00 127.00 0.00

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AXIS B-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 2.13 3.50 8.47 13.95
AXIS B-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 8.50 3.50 67.73 27.89
AXIS B-3-4 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 14.88 3.50 59.29 13.95
AXIS B-4-5 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 19.13 3.50 76.22 13.95
AXIS B-5-6 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 25.5 3.50 203.20 27.89
AXIS B-6-7 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 31.88 3.50 127.02 13.95
AXIS C-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 2.13 10.5 8.49 41.84
AXIS C-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 8.5 10.5 67.73 83.67
AXIS C-3-5 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 17 10.5 135.47 83.67
AXIS C-5-6 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 25.5 10.5 203.20 83.67
AXIS C-6-7 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 31.88 10.5 127.02 41.84
AXIS D-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 2.13 15.25 8.49 60.76
AXIS D-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.9 15.25 78.89 121.52
AXIS D-3-4 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 14.88 15.25 59.29 60.76
AXIS D-4-5 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 19.13 15.25 76.22 60.76
AXIS D-5-6 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 23.38 15.25 186.31 121.52
AXIS D-6-7 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 31.88 15.25 127.02 60.76
AXIS E-1-2 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 3.53 20.00 14.06 79.69
AXIS E-2-3 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 9.9 20.00 78.89 159.38
AXIS E-3-4 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 16.28 20.00 64.87 79.69
AXIS E-4-5 0.25 0.15 4.25 25.00 3.98 19.43 20.00 77.42 79.69
AXIS E-5-6 0.25 0.15 8.50 25.00 7.97 25.5 20.00 203.20 159.38
TOTAL 303.05 4661.98 182.34

(c) Wall
Width depth Length Unit Weight X Y
wall (m) (m) (m) weight (kN) (m) (m) ( . ( .
AXIS1-A-B 0.20 3.02 6.75 16.00 65.23 0.00 3.50 0.00 228.31
AXIS1-B-C 0.20 3.02 6.75 16.00 65.23 0.00 10.50 0.00 684.94
AXIS1-C-D 0.20 3.02 2.25 16.00 21.74 0.00 15.25 0.00 331.60
AXIS1-D-E 0.20 3.02 6.75 16.00 65.23 0.00 20.00 0.00 1304.64
AXIS3-A-B 0.15 3.02 2.50 16.00 18.12 8.50 3.50 154.02 63.42
AXIS3-B-C 0.15 3.02 3.56 16.00 25.80 8.50 10.50 219.32 270.93

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AXIS3-D-E 0.20 3.02 6.75 16.00 65.23 8.50 20.00 554.47 1304.64
AXIS4-B-C 0.20 3.02 0.45 16.00 4.35 14.88 10.50 64.71 45.66
AXIS4-C-D 0.15 3.02 2.25 16.00 16.31 14.88 15.25 242.66 248.70
AXIS4-D-E 0.20 3.02 2.30 16.00 22.23 14.88 20.00 330.74 444.54
AXIS5-B-C 0.20 3.02 6.75 16.00 65.23 19.13 10.50 1247.89 684.94
AXIS5-C-D 0.20 3.02 2.25 16.00 21.74 19.13 15.25 415.96 331.60
AXIS6-D-E 0.20 3.02 6.75 16.00 65.23 25.50 20.00 1663.42 1304.64
AXIS7-B-C 0.20 3.02 5.75 16.00 55.57 31.88 10.50 1771.51 583.46
AXIS7-C-D 0.20 3.02 2.25 16.00 21.74 31.88 15.25 693.20 331.60
AXISA-1-2 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 2.13 0.00 82.34 0.00
AXISA-2-3 0.20 3.02 8.25 16.00 79.73 8.50 0.00 677.69 0.00
AXISA-3-4 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 14.88 0.00 575.20 0.00
AXISA-4-5 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 19.13 0.00 739.49 0.00
AXISA-5-6 0.20 3.02 8.25 16.00 79.73 25.50 0.00 2033.06 0.00
AXISA-6-7 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 31.88 0.00 1232.35 0.00
AXISB-3-4 0.20 3.02 1.42 16.00 13.72 14.88 3.50 204.20 48.03
AXISB-4-5 0.20 3.02 3.85 16.00 37.21 19.13 3.50 711.76 130.22
AXISB-5-6 0.15 3.02 7.13 16.00 51.68 25.50 3.50 1317.80 180.87
AXISB-6-7 0.15 3.02 4.00 16.00 28.99 31.88 3.50 924.26 101.47
AXISC-1-2 0.15 3.02 0.40 16.00 2.90 2.13 10.5 6.18 30.44
AXISC-5-6 0.20 3.02 8.25 12.00 59.80 25.5 10.5 1524.80 627.86
AXISC-6-7 0.20 3.02 0.90 16.00 8.70 31.88 10.5 277.28 91.32
AXISD-3-4 0.15 3.02 2.85 16.00 20.66 14.88 15.25 307.37 315.02
AXISD-4-5 0.20 3.02 1.70 16.00 16.43 19.13 15.25 314.28 250.54
AXISD-6-7 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 31.88 15.25 1232.35 589.50
AXISE-1-2 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 2.13 20 82.34 773.12
AXISE-2-3 0.20 3.02 8.25 16.00 79.73 8.5 20 677.69 1594.56
AXISE-3-4 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 14.88 20 575.20 773.12
AXISE-4-5 0.20 3.02 4.00 16.00 38.66 19.13 20 739.49 773.12
AXISE-5-6 0.20 3.02 8.50 16.00 82.14 25.5 20 2094.67 1642.88
TOTAL 1469.65 23687.70 16085.69

Total weight at Ground floor level, ∑ = .

= 20717.96 .

= 31518.61 .

Center of mass on x-direction:

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∑ 31518.61
= = = 15.43
∑ 2042.64
Center of mass on y-direction:
∑ 20717.96
= = = 10.14
∑ 2042.64

4.2.3.3.2. Determination of center of stiffness

Center of stiffness( , ): a point where the stiffness or strength of the floor is concentrated.

∑ ∑
= , =
∑ ∑
Where:
= =

ℎ ℎ
= = = =
12 12

Shear center( , ): a point where the center of stiffness (shear center) of the shear wall or
column is located.

=
2+

0.5 +
=
2+

0.5
=
1+2

Where:

∑
=
2

∑
=

= − ℎ −

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

= − ℎ −
Table 4. 40: Center of stiffness in x –direction
From Roof level to Second floor From first floor to ground
Frame on ∗ Frame on ∗
Axis 1-1 1.12 0 0 Axis 1-1 1.12 0 0
Axis 2-2 1.12 4.25 4.76 Axis 2-2 1.12 4.25 4.76
Axis 3-3 1.12 12.75 14.28 Axis 3-3 1.12 12.75 14.28
Axis 5-5 0.15 21.25 3.1875 Axis 4-4 0.12 17 2.04
Axis 6-6 0.15 29.75 4.4625 Axis 5-5 0.15 21.25 3.1875
Axis 7-7 0.15 34 5.1 Axis 6-6 0.15 29.75 4.4625

3.81 ∗ 31.79 Axis 7-7 0.15 34 5.1

3.81 ∗ 31.79

∑ ∗ 31.79 ∑ ∗ 31.79
= = = 8.34 = = = 8.34
∑ 3.81 ∑ 3.81

Foundation
Frame on ∗

Axis 1-1 1.12 0 0

Axis 2-2 1.12 4.25 4.76
Axis 3-3 1.12 12.75 14.28
Axis 4-4 0.12 17 2.04
Axis 5-5 0.15 21.25 3.1875
Axis 6-6 0.15 29.75 4.4625
Axis 7-7 0.15 34 5.1

3.63 ∗ 26.18

∑ ∗ 26.18
= = = 7.21
∑ 3.63

Table 4. 41: Center of stiffness in y –direction

From Roof level to Second floor From first floor to ground
Frame on ∗ Frame on ∗
A 0.95 0 0 A 0.32 0 0
B 1.05 7 7.35 B 0.53 7 3.71

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C 1.05 14 14.7 C 0.53 14 7.42

D 0.79 16.5 13.035 D 0.3 16.5 4.95
E 0.79 23.5 18.565 E 0.3 23.5 7.05

4.63 ∗ 53.65 1.98 ∗ 23.13

∑ ∗ 53.65 ∑ ∗ 23.13
= = = 1159 = = = 11.68
∑ 4.63 ∑ 1.98

Foundation
Frame on ∗

A 0.95 0 0
B 1.05 7 7.35
C 1.05 14 14.7
D 0.79 16.5 13.035
E 0.79 23.5 18.565
A 0.95 0 0
B 1.05 7 7.35

4.63 ∗ 53.65

∑ ∗ 53.65
= = = 11.59
∑ 4.63

4.3.FRAME ANALYSIS

Analysis of frame is performed using SAP 2000 v14 with combination of loads recommended by
EBCS-2015. The combinations are:

− 1 = 1.35 + 1.50
−2 = 1 + 1.35
−3 = 1 − 1.35
−4 = 1 − 1.35
−5 = 1 + 1.35
− 6 = 0.75 1 −
− 7 = 0.75 1 +
− 8 = 0.75 1 −
− 9 = 0.75 1 +

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− 10 = 1.35 −
− 11 = 1.35 +
− 12 = 1.35 −
− 13 = 1.35 +
− 14 =
The design throughout the project is done using maximum load and moments obtained from SAP
analysis. Sample SAP 2000 v14 output.

Table 4. 42: SAP 2000 V14 Output as a Sample

Step
Frame Output Case Case Type F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3
Type
Text Text Text Text KN KN KN KN-m KN-m KN-m
197 ENVELOP Combination Max 6.95192 -21.25872 878.91919 13.0407 1.84284 6.95192
197 ENVELOP Combination Min 5.21394 -28.34495 659.18939 9.78053 1.38213 5.21394
198 ENVELOP Combination Max 7.44498 1.38838 1417.2743 -0.65686 2.3706 7.44498
198 ENVELOP Combination Min 5.58374 1.04128 1062.9558 -0.87581 1.77795 5.58374
199 ENVELOP Combination Max 30.07086 1.44083 2011.6936 -0.70209 12.55273 30.07086

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199 ENVELOP Combination Min 22.55315 1.08062 1508.7702 -0.93612 9.41455 22.55315
215 ENVELOP Combination Min -0.054 27.8986 635.0237 -17.7604 0.0553 0.0893
216 ENVELOP Combination Max -23.3588 -16.8216 1656.08 10.7814 -9.9655 0.0495
216 ENVELOP Combination Min -31.145 -22.4288 1242.06 8.0861 -13.2873 0.0371
217 ENVELOP Combination Max -6.2915 -23.8889 926.1253 14.9365 -2.2546 0.0323
217 ENVELOP Combination Min -8.3887 -31.8519 694.5939 11.2024 -3.0061 0.0242
218 ENVELOP Combination Max 8.1726 -16.7023 1102.7872 10.8233 3.1401 0.0202
218 ENVELOP Combination Min 6.1295 -22.2698 827.0904 8.1174 2.355 0.0152
219 ENVELOP Combination Max 30.9987 -16.6231 1673.554 10.7379 13.4507 0.0188
219 ENVELOP Combination Min 23.249 -22.1641 1255.1655 8.0534 10.088 0.0141
222 ENVELOP Combination Max -5.9184 32.499 916.9956 -11.6493 -1.9371 0.0331
222 ENVELOP Combination Min -7.8912 24.3742 687.7467 -15.5324 -2.5828 0.0248
223 ENVELOP Combination Max -22.9485 30.718 1514.6952 -10.7588 -9.6316 0.0265
223 ENVELOP Combination Min -30.598 23.0385 1136.0214 -14.3451 -12.8421 0.0198
224 ENVELOP Combination Max 31.3347 30.5571 1511.1101 -10.6383 13.7932 0.0064
224 ENVELOP Combination Min 23.501 22.9178 1133.3326 -14.1844 10.3449 0.0048
225 ENVELOP Combination Max 8.4474 30.5358 911.5019 -10.605 3.4539 0.0081
225 ENVELOP Combination Min 6.3355 22.9018 683.6264 -14.14 2.5904 0.0061
230 ENVELOP Combination Max -0.0422 -26.345 922.1391 16.0239 -0.0482 0.0988
230 ENVELOP Combination Min -0.0562 -35.1267 691.6043 12.0179 -0.0643 0.0741
215 ENVELOP Combination Min -0.054 27.8986 635.0237 -17.7604 0.0553 0.0893
216 ENVELOP Combination Max -23.3588 -16.8216 1656.08 10.7814 -9.9655 0.0495
216 ENVELOP Combination Min -31.145 -22.4288 1242.06 8.0861 -13.2873 0.0371
217 ENVELOP Combination Max -6.2915 -23.8889 926.1253 14.9365 -2.2546 0.0323

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Figure 4. 14 : SAP 2000 v14 frame output

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

CHAPTER FIVE: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BEAM

5.1. INTRODUCTION

The reinforced concrete column is a vertical structural member designed to carry mainly
compressive loads although they may have to resist bending forces and able to carry the
superstructure part finally transfer load to the foundation or substructure. Member carrying
mainly of axial load may be vertical, horizontal or inclined. When a member carrying mainly
axial load is vertical, it is termed as columns while if it is inclined or horizontal, it is termed as a
strut. Columns carry loads from slabs or beams to the foundation. Although they are mainly
subjected to axial compression forces, in many cases columns are subjected to bending moments
about one or both axes of the cross section due to eccentric loading or transverse loading. In
building structures, a reinforced concrete column are subjected to axial force and bending
moment which may be due to end restraint arising from monolithic placement of floor beams and
columns or due to eccentricity from imperfect alignment. Because of the occurrence of these
moments, the axial load capacity of columns, which they are intended for, decreases
substantially. Interaction diagrams are usually used to describe the interaction between moment
and axial load in a column, and determine the failure loads.
Serviceability requirements of deflection and crack widths are usually satisfied within the
ultimate limit state design by:

 Checking span to effective depth ratio

 Providing not less than the minimum amount of reinforcement
 Limiting the spacing of reinforcements.

5.1.1. Deflection

According to the ES EN 1992-1-1: 2015 has two alternative methods for checking deflection,
either a limiting span-to-depth ratio may be used or the theoretical deflection can be assessed
using the expressions given in the code.
The span-to – depth ratios should ensure that deflection is limited to ⁄250 and this is the
procedure presented.
Procedure for the design of rectangular beams is as follows:

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1) Determine Span-effective depth Ratios, ⁄ and K from Table 2.19 or equation 3.1.

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Where:

− Basic span –to-depth ratio

⁄
= 11 + 1.5 + 3.2 −1 ≤

1 ′
= 11 + 1.5 + >
− ′ 12

⁄ is the Span-effective depth Ratios

is the factor to take into account the different structural systems
=1
= 1.5
= 1.3
= 0.4 .
is the reference reinforcement ratio = ⁄1000.
is the required tension reinforcement ratio at mid-span to resist the
moment due to the design loads (at support for cantilevers).
′
,ℎ

5.1.2. Concrete cover design

Concrete cover is the distance between the outer surface of the reinforcement and the concrete
face, The concrete cover shall have a value to satisfy the following conditions:
 Bond stress transfer between the concrete and the steel
 Durability and environmental exposure
 Fire resistance
 Casting on uneven surface; like casting directly on the soil.
5.1.2.1.Minimum concrete cover
The minimum concrete cover as recommendation by ES EN-1 1992-1-1:2015. The nominal
cover can be assessed as follows:

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= +∆

Where should be set to satisfy the requirements below:

 Safe transmission of bond forces

 Durability
 Fire resistance
and ∆ Dcdevis an allowance which should be made in the design for deviations from the
minimum cover. It should be taken as 10 mm, unless fabrication (i.e. construction) is subjected
to a quality assurance system, in which case it is permitted to reduce ∆ to 5 mm.

5.1.2.2. Minimum cover for bond

The minimum cover to ensure adequate bond should not be less than the bar diameter, or
equivalent bar diameter for bundled bars, unless the aggregate size is over 32 mm.(see Table 4.2
for EBCS EN 1992-1-1:2015)

5.1.2.3. Minimum cover for durability

The recommendations for durability in ES EN 206-1 are gives durability requirements that
comply with BS 8500, but which significantly modify the approach taken in ES EN 206-1. To
determine the minimum cover for durability (and also the strength class and minimum water
cement ratio) National Annex or BS 8500 can be used (see Table 4.1 in EBCS EN 1992-1-
1:2015)., for the concrete strength, minimum cement ratio, minimum concrete cover and
maximum cement content for various elements in a structure based on the exposure of that
element.

5.1.2.4.Design for fire resistance

Structural fire design, gives a choice of advanced, simplified or tabular methods for determining
the fire resistance. Using tables is the fastest method for determining the minimum dimensions
and cover for beams. There are, however, some restrictions and if these apply further guidance
on the advanced and simplified methods can be obtained from specialist literature. Rather than
giving a minimum cover, the tabular method is based on nominal axis distance, (see figure

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 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

5.1). This is the distance from the centre of the main reinforcing bar to the top or bottom surface
of the member. It is a nominal (not minimum) dimension, so the designer should ensure that:

≥ + + = + 10
2
Table 5. 1:Minimum dimensions and axis distances for beams made with reinforced concrete
for fire resistance
Minimum dimensions (mm)
Standard fire resistance Possible combination of and where a is the average axis distance & is the
width of the beam
Simply supported beams Continuous beams
A B C D E F G H
= 120 160 200 300 120 200
R60 = 40 35 30 25 25 12*
= 150 200 300 400 150 250
R90 = 55 45 40 35 35 25
= 200 240 300 500 200 300 450 500
R120 = 65 60 55 50 45 35 35 30
= 280 350 500 700 280 500 650 700
R240 = 90 80 75 70 75 60 60 50
Notes
1. This table is taken from BS EN 1992–1–2 Tables 5.5 and 5.6
2. The axis distance , from the side of the beam to the corner bar should be + 10 mm except where is greater than the
values in columns C and F.
3. The table is valid only if the detailing requirements (see note 4) are observed and, in normal temperature design, redistribution
of bending moments does not exceed 15%
4. For fire resistance of R90 and above, for a distance of 0.3 from the centre line of each intermediate support, the area of top
reinforcement should not be less than the following:

, ( )= , (0) 1 − 2.5
Where:
 is the distance of the section being considered from the centre line of the support
 , (0) is the area of reinforcement required for normal temperature design
 , ( ) is the minimum area of reinforcement required at the section being considered but not less than
that required for normal temperature design.
 is the greater of the effective lengths of the two adjacent spans
5. For fire resistances R120 – R240, the width of the beam at the first intermediate support should be at least that in
column F, if both the following conditions exist:
(a) there is no fixity at the end support; and
(b) the acting shear at normal temperature > 0.67 ,
Key
a Normally the requirements of BS EN 1992–1–1 will determine the cover.

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5.1.3. Rules for spacing and quantity of reinforcement as per ES EN-2 1992-1-1:2015

5.1.3.1. Minimum area of longitudinal Reinforcement

The minimum flexural tensile steel reinforcement, , , required in a beam section is given as
the maximum of the following two values:

, = 0.26

, = 0.0013
Where is the mean width of the tension zone. For a T-beams with the flange in compression,
only the width of the web is taken into account in calculating the value of , and is the mean
value of axial tensile strength of the concrete, calculated as:

( ⁄ )
= 0.30 ≤ 50

= 2.12 ln 1 + > 50
10
= +8

5.1.3.2. Maximum area of longitudinal reinforcement

The maximum area of tension or compression reinforcement, outside lap locations should not
exceed , , permitted as either tension or compression reinforcement is defined as:

, = 0.04

Where: is the gross cross-sectional area.

5.1.3.3. Minimum spacing of reinforcement

The minimum clear distance between bars should be the greater of:

 Bar diameter
 Aggregate size plus 5mm
 20mm

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5.2. DESIGN OF BEAM FOR FLEXURE

5.2.1. The General Design Chart

In the general design chart No. 1 proposed for the first time Rusch , all value necessary for
design are entered as a function of the relative moment about the centroid of the tension steel.
This diagram can be used for any concrete or steel grade. In the region where is also
negative, no accurate reading is possible and the use of interaction diagrams.

The graphs of the following are plotted as function of the design relative moment
∗
resistance , :

= ℎ

= ℎ

= ℎ .
( )
=
=
=

The upper limits of the design relative moment resistance (without compression reinforcement)
about tension steel, for 0% , 10% , 20% , 30% moment redistribution are shown by the
∗
broken vertical lines , = 0.295 , 0.252 , 0.205, 0.143 respectively. Compliance with
these upper limits implies compliance with the upper limit specification for the relative neutral
axis depth, , given by above equation , thus ensuring ductile response of the cross section. For
∗
the cases that , > , , ductile behavior can be achieved by providing compression
reinforcement.

The areas of reinforcement required are determined from the following equations:
∗
, < , , then compression reinforcement is not required and

,
= +

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∗
, > , , compression reinforcement is required an

∗
, − ,
=
( − )

∗ ∗
, , − ,
= + +
( − )

5.2.2. Method with Dimension-Bound coefficients ( − )

The method involving dimension bound expression for the design of rectangular cross section
for bending with or without axial force can be applied as shown below:

The value determined from equation below is used to enter to tables and read the design
′
parameters , , ′.

, ⁄
=

∗
For ≤ , compression reinforcement is not required and the area of reinforcement can be
determined using this formula.

,
= +

> ∗ , compression reinforcement is required and the amount of tension and

compression reinforcement are calculated using below equation.

,
= +

, ′ ′
=

The correction factors , ′ account for relative cover ratios that exceed ⁄ = 0.07. In
⁄ < 0.07 and the assumption that, ′
most practical design situations, = = 1.0 lies on
the safe side.

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5.2.3. Design of beam:

Procedure for determining flexure reinforcement, concrete class ≤ 50⁄60
1) Determine from

2) Determine ′ from
′
= 0.60 − 0.18 − 0.21
Where: ≤1
−

Case I: ≤ ′

 If ≤ ′ → No compression reinforcement required i.e singly reinforced section.

1) Calculate lever arm use

1 + √1 − 3.53 ≤ 0.95
=
2
2) Calculate tension reinforcement bars.

3) Check maximum and minimum reinforcement.

Minimum Reinforcement, , :

0.26
, =
0.0013
Maximum Reinforcement, , :
, = 0.04

Case –II:

 If > ′ → compression reinforcement required. i.e doubly reinforced beams.

1) Calculate lever arm

1 + √1 − 3.53 ′
=
2
2) Calculate compression reinforcement:
( − ′)
=
( − )

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Where:
=
−
= , = 3.5 × 10 , & = 200
= ≤
−
= 700 ≤
3) Calculate tension reinforcement:

′
′
= +
4) Check maximum reinforcement , ,

, = 0.04
5.2.4. Check T-beam

Reinforced concrete floors or roofs are monolithic and hence, a part of the slab will act with the
upper part of the beam to resist longitudinal compression. The resulting beam cross-section is,
then, T-shaped (inverted L), rather than rectangular with the slab forming the beam flange where
as part of the beam projecting below the slab forms the web or stem.

Figure 5. 1: T-beam

EBCS EN 1992-1-1; 2015 the effective flange width beff for − beam maybe
derived as:
The effective flange width is specified by the following equation:
= + , ≤
Where:
, = 0.2 + 0.1 ≤ 0.2 , ≤
0.2 is the clear distance between the webs of adjacent beams
is the distance between the points of contra flexure along the beam as shown in figure
5.3.

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Figure 5. 2: Definition of Lo, for calculation of effective flange width

Note: The length of the cantilever, , should be less than half the adjacent span and the ratio of
adjacent spans should lie between 2/3 and 1.5.

Figure 5. 3: Effective flange width parametric

′
So that for the interior span of a symmetrical T-beam with = = = 0.7

= + 2[0.2 ′ + 0.07 ] ≤ + 2(0.14 )

5.2.5. Analysis

= , =

i) If = 0.8 ≤ℎ ⇒ the section is analyzed as rectangular with =

= 0.8 (1 − 0.4 )

ii) If = 0.8 < ℎ ⇒the section is analyzed as T-beam.

=( − )ℎ

= , = −

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= 0.8 (1 − 0.4 )

= +
Beam size used: For top tie beam, intermediate and grade beams is 250 × 400
5.2.6. Sample Calculation for roof floor beam on axis X01/ or TFBb-X01:
5.2.6.1.Flexural Reinforcement for Beams as per EBCS 2, 2015
The geometrical main reinforcement ratio at any section of a beam where positive
reinforcement is required by analysis shall not be less than that given by:

 The geometric ratio of reinforcement at any section of a beam where positive

reinforcement is required by analysis shall not be less than

0.26
=
0.0013

= 400 , = 17 , = 347.83
⁄
, = 0.098 = 3559.59 , = 0.3 = 2.9 , = 25.58 ( 14 )

2.9
0.26 0.26 = 0.0019
⇒ = = 400
0.0013 0.0013

⇒ = 0.0019

 The maximum reinforcement ratio,

= 0.04

5.2.6.2. Checking Depth of Deflection:

Member 1-2: = 4.25

= 1.3
Martial property:
Use: Concrete, 30⁄37, Rebar − 400
0.85 0.85 ∗ 30
= = = 17
1.5

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400
= = = 347.83
1.15

= = 10 =
1000
= 0.548%( : 2015) = 0.0050 = 0.5%

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Where:
⁄
= 11 + 1.5 + 3.2 −1 = 0.5% ≤ = 0.548%

= 11 + 1.5
= 20.52
500 500
= = = 1.25
400
=1 =1

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ = 1.3 ∗ 20.52 ∗ 1.67 ∗ 1 ∗ 1 = 44.55

≥
⁄
Member 1-2: = 4.25

= 1.3

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ = 1.3 ∗ 20.52 ∗ 1.0 ∗ 1.25 ∗ 1 = 33.35

Member 2-3: = 8.50

= 1.3

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ = 1.3 ∗ 20.52 ∗ 1.0 ∗ 1.25 ∗ 1 = 33.35

Member5-6: = 8.50

= 1.5

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ = 1.5 ∗ 20.52 ∗ 1.0 ∗ 1.25 ∗ 1 = 38.48

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Member 6-7: = 4.25

= 1.5

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ = 1.5 ∗ 20.52 ∗ 1.25 ∗ 1 ∗ 1 = 38.48

≥
⁄
4250
⎧ = 127.34
⎪ 33.35
8500
≥ = = 254.87
⁄ ⎨33.35
⎪ 8500
⎩ 38.48 = 220.9
⇒ = 254.87
5.2.6.3. Concrete Cover Design:
 Design for corrosion: 2 ( 4.1 ∶ 2015)
 Bond /durability:

= +∆

,
= ,
10
Where:
, = 16
, = 10
, 16
⇒ = , = 10
10 10
⇒ = 16
∆ ( ) = 10
= +∆ = 16 + 10 = 26

 Cover Design for fire

Minimum diminution R 120 → 20mm (see Table 5.8 ES EN: 2015)

 Governing cover for: =

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Take the governing depth, = 2554.87 , ,

′
16
= + + ⁄2 = 26 + 8 + = 42
2
ℎ= + = 254.87 + 42 = 296.87
→ ℎ = 296.87 < 400 !
= 400 − 42 = 358
5.2.6.4.Reinforcement
a) At the Support:
At support 1 , , = 24.82

= 400 − 42 = 358

Minimum area of reinforcement

2.9 ∗ 250 ∗ 358

0.26 0.26 = 168.71
, = = 400
0.0013 0.0013(250 ∗ 358) = 116.35

⇒ , = 168.71 ⁄

Using General Design Chart No. 1:

M , 24.82 ∗ 10
μ ,
= = = 0.0456
f bd 17 ∗ 250 ∗ (358)

∗
Since, μ ,
= 0.046 < = 0.143 ⇒ compression reinforcement is not required;
i.e the section is singly reinforced.

ℎ , = = 0.98 ⇔ = = 0.98 ∗ 358 = 351.19

, 24.82 × 10
⇒ = + = +0
351.19 ∗ 347.83
= 203.27
203.27
. = +1=2
201

( 2Φ = 402 )

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400 mm

358mm
2

= 42 mm

300 mm

At support 2 : , = 49.97

= 400 − 42 = 358

Minimum area of reinforcement

2.9 ∗ 250 ∗ 358

0.26 0.26 = 168.71
, = = 400
0.0013 0.0013(250 ∗ 358) = 116.35

⇒ , = 168.71 ⁄

Using General Design Chart No. 1:

M , 49.97 ∗ 10
μ ,
= = = 0.092
f bd 17 ∗ 250 ∗ (358)

∗
Since, μ ,
= 0.092 < = 0.143 ⇒ compression reinforcement is not required;
i.e the section is singly reinforced.

ℎ , = = 0.95 ⇔ = = 0.95 ∗ 358 = 340.8

, 49.97 × 10
⇒ = + = +0≥ ,
340.8 ∗ 347.83

= 421.54
⇒ = 421.54 ⁄

.
. = +1=3

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( 2Φ = 402 )

400 mm

358mm
2

= 42 mm

250 mm

b) Span
At span 1-2 , 4.22

= 400 − 42 = 358

Minimum area of reinforcement

2.9 ∗ 250 ∗ 358

0.26 0.26 = 168.71
, = = 400
0.0013 0.0013(250 ∗ 358) = 116.35

⇒ , = 168.71 ⁄

5.2.6.5.Effective Flange width of T-beam and L-beam

Effective width ( ) = width of beam (b ) + ∑(0.2 times of half the centre to centre to
centre width to the next beam (0.2 ) + 0.1 the span of zero moment (0.1 ) with sum of
the latter two not exceeding 0.2 times the span of zero moment and taken as 0.7 time the
effective span of the beam)

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, ,

4700 1900

250m
5000 7000

Effective width of the T-beam:

= 0.7 = (0.7 ∗ 4000) = 2800

b , = (0.2 ∗ 2000) + (0.1 ∗ 2800) = 680

= 0.7 = (0.7 ∗ 8250) = 5775

b , = (0.2 ∗ 4125) + (0.1 ∗ 5775) = 1402.5mm

As b , = 680mm ≤ 0.2(2800) = 560

⇒b , = 560 mm

As b , = 1402.5 mm ≤ 0.2(5775) = 2887.5

⇒b , = 1402.5mm

⇒b = b +b , +b , = 250 + 560 + 1402.5 = 2212.5 mm

So the effective width of the T-beam is2212.5

Similarly, the effective width of the L-beam:

b =b +b , = 250 + 508 = 758 mm

′
Assume = 42 = 358

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Check for T-beam:

Design bending moment, = 49.97

Calculate relative mechanical steel ratio:

49.97 × 10
= = = 0.0104
17 ∗ 2212.5 ∗ (358)

= 1 − 1 − 2 = 1 − 1 − 2(0.0104) = 0.01042

Compute depth of equitant rectangle stress block and compare with thickness of the
flange of the section.

= = 0.01042 ∗ 358 = 3.73 < ℎ = 180

Therefore, the beam is treated as rectangular section. for =

358
Where: = 1+ 1−2 = 1 + 1 − 2(0.01042)
2 2
= 356.12

49.97 × 10
= = = 403.41
347.83 ∗ 356.12

3 ℎ ℎ
At span 2-3 , = 36.36
= 400 − 42 = 358
Check for T-beam:

Design bending moment, = 36.36

Calculate relative mechanical steel ratio:
36.36 × 10
= = = 0.00754
17 ∗ 2212.5 ∗ (358)

= 1 − 1 − 2 = 1 − 1 − 2(0.00754) = 0.00757

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Compute depth of equitant rectangle stress block and compare with thickness of the
flange of the section.
= = 0.00757 ∗ 358 = 2.711 < ℎ = 180
Therefore, the beam is treated as rectangular section. for =

358
Where: = 1+ 1−2 = 1 + 1 − 2(0.00757)
2 2
= 356.64

36.36 × 10
= = = 293.11
347.83 ∗ 356.64

used 2ϕ on the bottom of the tension zone

5.2.6.6.Summary of Beam Reinforcement for flexure:

M ,
μ ,
=
f bd

Where: = 1+ 1−2
2

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Table 5. 2: Beam reinforcement for Axis –A

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1-2 4.22 250 358 0.0077 356.61 34.02 168.71 2
2-3 36.66 250 358 0.0673 345.52 305.04 168.71 3
5-6 36.08 250 358 0.0662 345.72 300.04 168.71 3
6-7 5.35 250 358 0.0098 356.23 43.18 168.71 2
AXIS-A

ROOF

SUPPORT
358
1 24.82 250 0.0456 349.65 204.08 168.71 2
2 49.97 250 358 0.09174 340.75 421.61 168.71 4
3 51.8 250 358 0.0951 340.08 437.91 168.71 4
5 51.86 250 358 0.0952 340.06 438.44 168.71 4
6 50.09 250 358 0.09196 340.70 422.68 168.71 4
7 23.68 250 358 0.0435 350.04 194.49 168.71 2

Table 5. 3: Beam reinforcement for Axis –B

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1-2 7.44 250 358 0.0137 355.54 60.16 168.71 2
2-3 14.11 250 358 0.026 353.30 114.82 168.71 2
3-4 14.84 250 358 0.027 353.05 120.84 168.71 2
4-5 25.53 250 358 0.0469 349.40 210.07 168.71 2
5-6 13.96 250 358 0.0256 353.35 113.58 168.71 2
AXIS-B

ROOF

6-7 7.27 250 358 0.0133 355.59 58.78 168.71 2

SUPPORT
1 20.68 250 358 0.0379 351.07 169.35 168.71 2
2 16.77 250 358 0.0309 352.40 136.81 168.71 2
3 29.41 250 358 0.054 348.06 242.93 168.71 3
4 51.28 250 358 0.094 340.27 433.27 168.71 4
5 30.19 250 358 0.055 347.79 249.56 168.71 3
6 17.05 250 358 0.0313 352.31 139.14 168.71 2
7 17.87 250 358 0.033 352.03 145.94 168.71 2

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Table 5. 4: Beam reinforcement for Axis –C

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1-2 8.36 250 358 0.0153 355.23 67.66 168.71 2
2-3 13.34 250 358 0.0245 353.56 108.47 168.71 2
3-5 36.77 250 358 0.0675 345.48 305.99 168.71 3
5-6 13.00 250 358 0.0239 353.68 105.67 168.71 2
AXIS-C

ROOF

6-7 7.83 250 358 0.0144 355.41 63.34 168.71 2

SUPPORT
1 20.58 250 358 0.0378 351.10 168.52 168.71 2
2 16.66 250 358 0.0306 352.44 135.90 168.71 2
3 20.44 250 358 0.038 351.15 167.35 168.71 2
5 15.94 250 358 0.0293 352.68 129.94 168.71 2
6 16.28 250 358 0.0299 352.57 132.75 168.71 2
7 19.37 250 358 0.0356 351.52 158.42 168.71 2

Table 5. 5: Beam reinforcement for Axis –D

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1-2 7.54 250 358 0.014 355.50 60.98 168.71 2
2-3 12.92 250 358 0.024 353.70 105.02 168.71 2
AXIS-D

ROOF

3-4 9.78 250 358 0.018 354.76 79.26 168.71 2

SUPPORT
1 14.14 250 358 0.026 353.29 115.07 168.71 2
2 16.63 250 358 0.031 352.45 135.65 168.71 2
3 14.99 250 358 0.028 353.00 122.08 168.71 2
4 23.99 250 358 0.044 349.93 197.10 168.71 2
Table 5. 6: Beam reinforcement for Axis –E

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1-2 5.27 250 358 0.0097 356.26 42.53 168.71 2
250 358
2-3 35.26 0.065 346.01 292.97 168.71 3
AXIS-E

ROOF

250 358
3-4 5.16 0.0095 356.30 41.64 168.71 2
SUPPORT
250 358
1 23.96 0.044 349.94 196.84 168.71 2
250 358
2 52.24 0.096 339.92 441.83 168.71 4
250 358
3 51.70 0.095 340.12 437.01 168.71 4
4 22.93 250 358 0.049 350.30 188.19 168.71 2

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Table 5. 7: Beam reinforcement for Axis –1

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
A-B 8.78 250 358 0.016 355.09 71.09 168.71 2
B-C 7.88 250 358 0.0145 355.39 63.75 168.71 2
C-D 7.39 250 358 0.0136 355.55 59.75 168.71 2
AXIS-1

ROOF

D-E 27.83 250 358 0.051 348.61 229.51 168.71 2

SUPPORT
A 15.89 250 358 0.029 355.92 50.73 168.71 2
B 6.28 250 358 0.012 352.07 145.03 168.71 2
C 17.76 250 358 0.033 346.09 291.16 168.71 3
D 35.05 250 358 0.064 348.68 227.82 168.71 2
E 27.63 250 358 0.0507 355.09 71.09 168.71 2
Table 5. 8: Beam reinforcement for Axis –2

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
A-B 8.62 250 358 0.016 355.14 69.78 168.71 2
B-C 7.81 250 358 0.014 355.41 63.18 168.71 2
C-D 6.07 250 358 0.011 355.99 49.02 168.71 2
AXIS-2

ROOF

D-E 8.83 250 358 0.016 355.07 71.49 168.71 2

SUPPORT
A 15.25 250 358 0.028 352.92 124.23 168.71 2
B 6.67 250 358 0.012 355.79 53.90 168.71 2
C 17.86 250 358 0.033 352.03 145.86 168.71 2
D 10.02 250 358 0.018 354.68 81.22 168.71 2
E 11.28 250 358 0.021 354.25 91.54 168.71 2

Table 5. 9: Beam reinforcement for Axis –3

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
A-B 8.91 250 358 0.016 355.05 72.15 168.71 2
B-C 8.06 250 358 0.015 355.33 65.21 168.71 2
C-D 6.85 250 358 0.013 355.73 55.36 168.71 2
AXIS-3

ROOF

D-E 9.02 250 358 0.017 355.01 73.05 168.71 2

SUPPORT
A 16.85 250 358 0.0313 356.14 45.45 168.71 2
B 5.63 250 358 0.0103 351.92 148.52 168.71 2
C 18.18 250 358 0.033 354.82 77.79 168.71 2
D 9.60 250 358 0.018 354.23 92.04 168.71 2
E 11.34 250 358 0.021 355.05 72.15 168.71 2

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Table 5. 10: Beam reinforcement for Axis –4

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
250 358 0.027 353.02 121.75 168.71 2
B-D 14.95
250 358 0.0517 348.49 232.31 168.71 3
AXIS-4

D-E 28.16
ROOF

SUPPORT
250 358 0.011 356.04 47.80 168.71 2
B 5.92
250 358 0.0065 346.00 293.32 168.71 3
D 35.30
250 358 0.049 349.08 217.92 168.71 2
E 26.46

Table 5. 11: Beam reinforcement for Axis –5

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
250 358 0.017 354.97 73.94 168.71 2
A-B 9.13
250 358 0.017 354.97 73.94 168.71 2
ROOF

B-C 9.13
AXIS-5

SUPPORT
250 358 0.031 352.36 137.73 168.71 2
A 16.88
250 358 0.0088 356.41 38.80 168.71 2
B 4.81
250 358 0.0299 352.55 133.08 168.71 2
C 16.32

Table 5. 12: Beam reinforcement for Axis –6

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
250 358 0.017 354.93 75.09 168.71 2
A-B 9.27
250 358 0.017 354.92 75.17 168.71 2
ROOF

B-C 9.28
AXIS-6

SUPPORT
250 358 0.026 353.29 114.98 168.71 2
A 14.13
250 358 0.0121 355.81 53.57 168.71 2
B 6.63
250 358 0.029 352.82 126.55 168.71 2
C 15.53

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 360
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 13: Beam reinforcement for Axis –7

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
250 358 0.047 349.33 211.92 168.71 2
A-B 25.75
250 358 0.047 349.37 210.99 168.71 2
ROOF

B-C 25.64
AXIS-7

SUPPORT
250 358 0.053 348.27 237.74 168.71 3
A 28.80
250 358 0.069 345.03 317.06 168.71 3
B 38.05
250 358 0.0545 347.97 245.14 168.71 3
C 29.67

Table 5. 14: Beam reinforcement for Axis –A

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
-
1-2 11.89 250 358 0.022 354.05 96.55 168.71 2
-
FOURTH FLOOR

2-3 58.27 250 358 0.107 337.70 496.07 168.71 4

5-6 58.23 250 358 0.107 337.71 495.71 168.71 4 -
AXIS-A

6-7 11.69 250 358 0.021 354.12 94.91 168.71 2 -

SUPPORT
1 39.32 250 358 0.072 344.58 328.07 168.71 3 -
2 99.07 0.143 321.91 888.35 168.71 5 2
3 103.48 250 358 0.143 320.1 929.28 168.72 5 2
5 103.77 250 358 0.143 319.91 934.74 168.72 6 2
6 98.77 250 358 0.143 322.1 885.36 168.72 5 2
7 38.03 250 358 0.069

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 361
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 15: Beam reinforcement for Axis –B

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
354.24 91.79 168.71 -
1-2 11.31 250 358 0.021 2
337.54 499.88 168.71 -
2-3 58.69 250 358 0.108 4
353.34 113.83 168.71 -
3-4 13.99 250 358 0.026 2
353.21 116.96 168.71 -
4-5 14.37 250 358 0.026 2
FORTH FLOOR

5-6 58.63 250 358 0.108 337.57 499.34 168.71 4 -

AXIS-B

354.35 89.17 168.71 -

6-7 10.99 250 358 0.20 2
SUPPORT
345.07 315.93 168.71 -
1 37.92 250 358 0.069 3
2 107.72 250 358 0.143 318.262 974.99 168.71 6 2

3 100 250 358 0.143 321.484 897.71 168.71 5 2

4 66.80 250 358 0.123 334.51 574.12 168.71 5

5 100.36 250 358 0.143 321.305 901.3747 168.72 5 2

6 101.49 250 358 0.143 313.25 929.5772 168.71 6 2

7 35.34 250 358 0.065 345.98 293.66 168.71 3

Table 5. 16: Beam reinforcement for Axis –C

,
, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
1-2 11.28 250 358 0.021 354.25 91.54 168.71 2 -
2-3 58.35 250 358 0.107 337.67 496.80 168.71 4 -
-
FORTH FLOOR

3-5 11.06 250 358 0.020 354.33 89.74 168.71 2

5-6 52.71 250 358 0.097 339.75 446.04 168.71 4 -
AXIS-C

6-7 11.11 250 358 0.020 354.31 90.15 168.71 2 -

SUPPORT
1 37.55 250 358 0.069 345.20 312.73 168.71 3 -
2 101.84 250 358 0.143 320.41 916.7865 168.71 6 2
3 100.55 250 358 0.143 345.112 855.0248 168.71 5 2
5 101.47 250 358 0.143 320.41 913.4202 168.71 6 2
6 101.32 250 358 0.143 321.126 910.4972 168.71 6 2
7 36.29 250 358 0.143 345.65 301.85 168.71 3 -

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 362
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 17: Beam reinforcement for Axis –D

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
354.30 90.48 168.71 2
1-2 11.15 250 358 0.025
337.75 494.81 168.71 4
FOURTH FLOOR

2-3 58.13 250 358 0.107

354.03 97.12 168.71 2
3-4 11.96 250 358 0.022
AXIS-D

SUPPORT
345.49 305.82 168.71 3
1 36.75 250 358 0.037
321.126 906.858 2
2 100.92 250 358 0.143 168.71 6
321.1439 906.9101 2
3 100.93 250 358 0.143 168.71 6
343.86 345.56 168.71 3
4 41.33 250 358 0.076

Table 5. 18: Beam reinforcement for Axis –E

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1-2 11.47 250 358 0.021 354.19 93.10 168.71 2
FOURTH FLOOR

2-3 58.03 250 358 0.107 337.79 493.90 168.71 4

0.021 2
AXIS-E

3-4 11.30 250 358 354.25 91.71 168.71

SUPPORT
1 38.54 250 358 0.071 344.85 321.30 168.71 3
2 101.85 250 358 0.143 320.768 916.0975 168.71 6 2
3 101.2 250 358 0.143 320.947 909.7944 168.71 6 2
4 37.26 250 358 0.143 345.31 310.22 168.71 3

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 363
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 19: Beam reinforcement for Axis –1

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
343.83 346.34 168.71 3
A-B 41.42 250 358 0.076
344.60 327.37 168.71 3
B-C 39.24 250 358 0.072
2
FOURTH FLOOR

351.59 156.67 168.71

C-D 19.16 250 358 0.035
341.17 411.31 168.71 4
AXIS-1

D-E 48.81 250 358 0.089

SUPPORT
336.63 522.16 168.71 4
A 61.14 250 358 0.112
332.36 626.62 168.71 5
B 72.44 250 358 0.132
334.59 572.09 168.71 5
C 66.58 250 358 0.122
335.33 554.02 168.71 5
D 64.62 250 358 0.119
336.24 531.65 168.71 4
E 62.18 250 358 0.114

Table 5. 20:Beam reinforcement for Axis –2

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
343.83 346.25 168.71 3
A-B 41.41 250 358 0.076
344.58 328.07 168.71 3
B-C 39.32 250 358 0.072
351.84 150.60 168.71 2
C-D 18.43 250 358 0.034
FORTH FLOOR

353.11 119.52 168.71 2

D-E 14.68 250 358 0.027
AXIS-2

SUPPORT
336.81 517.78 168.71 4
A 60.66 250 358 0.111
332.17 631.22 168.71 5
B 72.93 250 358 0.134
334.68 569.87 168.71 5
C 66.34 250 358 0.122
334.95 563.23 168.71 5
D 65.62 250 358 0.120
336.52 524.99 168.71 4
E 61.45 250 358 0.113

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 364
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 21: Beam reinforcement for Axis –3

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
343.47 355.07 168.71 3
A-B 42.42 250 358 0.077
344.52 329.37 168.71 3
B-C 39.47 250 358 0.072
351.27 164.43 168.71 2
FORTH FLOOR

C-D 20.09 250 358 0.037

342.02 390.45 168.71 4
AXIS-3

D-E 46.45 250 358 0.085

SUPPORT
337.84 492.72 168.71 4
A 57.9 250 358 0.106
331.89 638.17 168.71 5
B 73.67 250 358 0.135
335.53 549.06 168.71 5
C 64.08 250 358 0.118
334.84 566.00 168.71 5
D 65.92 250 358 0121
337.95 489.92 168.71 4
E 57.59 250 358 0.106

Table 5. 22: Beam reinforcement for Axis –4

, ,
FOURTH FLOOR

SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
342.15 387.28 168.71 4
D-E 46.09 250 358 0.085
AXIS-4

SUPPORT
336.39 528.18 168.71 4
D 61.8 250 358 0.113
336.15 534.03 168.71 4
E 62.44 250 358 0.114

Table 5. 23: Beam reinforcement for Axis –5

, ,
FOURTH FLOOR

SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
A-B 41.48 250 358 0.076 343.81 346.86 168.71 3
AXIS-5

B-C 41.36 250 358 0.074 343.85 345.82 168.71 3

SUPPORT
A 62.59 250 358 0.115 336.09 535.40 168.71 4
B 71.8 250 358 0.132 332.60 620.63 168.71 5
C 61.9 250 358 0.114 336.35 529.10 168.71 4

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 365
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 24: Beam reinforcement for Axis –6

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
343.76 348.00 168.71 3
FOURTH FLOOR

A-B 41.61 250 358 0.076

343.83 346.17 168.71 3
B-C 41.4 250 358 0.074
AXIS-6

SUPPORT
354.31 90.15 168.71 2
A 60.66 250 358 0.111
336.81 517.78 168.71 4
B 72.74 250 358 0.134
332.24 629.43 168.71 5
C 62.04 250 358 0.114

Table 5. 25: Beam reinforcement for Axis –7

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.076 343.78 347.47 168.71 3
A-B 41.55 358
FOURTH FLOOR

250
0.076 343.81 346.78 168.71 3
B-C 41.47 250 358
AXIS-7

0
SUPPORT
0.1129 336.49 525.53 168.71 4
A 61.51 250 358
0.0132 332.60 620.63 168.71 5
B 71.8 250 358
0.1147 336.12 534.76 168.71 4
C 62.52 250 358

Table 5. 26: Beam reinforcement for Axis –A

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1-2 10.37 250 358 0.019 354.56 84.09 168.71 2 -
2-3 59.32 250 358 0.109 337.31 505.60 168.71 4 -
THIRED FLOOR

5-6 59.29 250 358 0.109 337.32 505.32 168.71 4 -

2 -
AXIS-A

6-7 10.39 250 358 0.019 354.55 84.25 168.71

SUPPORT
1 34.39 250 358 0.063 332.60 620.63 168.71 5 -
2 99.85 250 358 0.143 321.663 895.96 168.71 5 2
3 100.61 250 358 0.143 321.305 903.65 168.71 5 2
5 100.88 250 358 0.143 321.126 906.491 168.71 6 2
6 99.65 250 358 0.143 317.367 903.56 168.71 5 2
7 33.30 250 358 0.143 346.70 276.14 168.71 3 -

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 366
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 27: Beam reinforcement for Axis –B

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1-2 10.26 250 358 0.0188 354.60 83.19 168.71 2 -
2-3 59.14 250 358 0.1085 337.38 503.96 168.71 4 -
3-4 10.41 250 358 0.019 354.55 84.41 168.71 2 -
-
THIRED FLOOR

4-5 10.75 250 358 0.0197 354.43 87.20 168.71 2

5-6 59.09 250 358 0.108 337.40 503.51 168.71 4 -
AXIS-B

6-7 10.28 250 358 0.0188 354.59 83.35 168.71 2 -

SUPPORT
1 33.4 250 358 0.0061 346.67 276.99 168.71 3 -
2 101.24 250 358 0.143 320.947 910.16 168.71 6 2
3 99.6 250 358 0.143 321.663 893.68 168.71 5 2
4 59.10 250 358 0.1085 337.39 503.60 168.71 4 -
5 99.91 250 358 0.0574 321.484 896.89 168.71 5 2
6 101 250 358 0.143 321.126 907.58 168.71 6 2
7 31.29 250 358 0.05741 347.40 258.94 168.71 3 -

Table 5. 28: Beam reinforcement for Axis –C

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1-2 10.25 250 358 0.0188 354.60 83.10 168.71 2 -
2-3 58.84 250 358 0.108 337.49 501.24 168.71 4 -
THIRED FLOOR

3-5 44.1 250 358 0.0809 342.87 369.78 168.71 3 -

5-6 58.68 250 358 0.1077 337.55 499.79 168.71 4 -
AXIS-C

6-7 9.77 250 358 0.0179 354.76 79.18 168.71 2 -

SUPPORT -
1 33.1 250 358 0.0607 346.77 274.42 168.71 3
2 101.31 250 358 0.143 320.947 910.7952 168.71 6 2
3 101.1 250 358 0.143 321.126 908.4957 168.71 6 2
5 100 250 358 0.143 321.484 897.7113 168.71 5 2
6 100.86 250 358 0.143 321.126 906.3122 168.71 6 2
7 32.02 250 358 0.057 347.15 265.18 168.71 3 −

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 367
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 29: Table: Beam reinforcement for Axis –D

,
, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.0188 354.60 83.10 168.71 2 -
1-2 10.25 250 358
0.1076 337.56 499.43 168.71 4 -
2-3 58.64 250 358
THIRED FLOOR

0.0189 354.58 83.68 168.71 2 -

3-4 10.32 250 358
AXIS-D

SUPPORT
0.0596 346.98 269.28 168.71 3 -
1 32.5 250 358
320.947 911.16 6 2
2 101.35 250 358 0.143 168.71
321.305 902.38 5 2
3 100.47 250 358 0.143 168.71
0.067 303.31 168.71 3 -
4 36.46 250 358

Table 5. 30: Beam reinforcement for Axis –E

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.0188 354.60 83.10 168.71 2 -
1-2 10.25 250 358
0.1075 337.59 498.70 168.71 4 -
THIRED FLOOR

2-3 58.56 250 358

0.0188 354.59 83.43 168.71 2 -
3-4 10.29 250 358
AXIS-E

SUPPORT
346.50 281.11 168.71 3 -
1 33.88 250 358 0.062
321 910.4055 168.71 2
2 101.28 250 358 0.143 6
321.23 904.6233 168.71 2
3 100.7 250 358 0.143 6
346.89 271.42 168.71 3 -
4 32.75 250 358 0.060

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 368
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 31: Beam reinforcement for Axis –1

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.078 343.48 354.90 168.71 3
A-B 42.4 250 358
0.072 344.53 329.20 168.71 3
B-C 39.45 250 358
0.0377 351.13 167.93 168.71 2
THIRED FLOOR

C-D 20.51 250 358

0.085 342.04 389.92 168.71 4
D-E 46.39 358
AXIS-1

250

SUPPORT
0.104 338.30 481.43 168.71 4
A 56.65 250 358
0.027 353.01 121.92 168.71 2
B 14.97 250 358
0.117 335.59 547.59 168.71 5
C 63.92 250 358
0.1203 335.00 561.94 168.71 5
D 65.48 250 358
0.107 337.74 495.08 168.71 4
E 58.16 250 358

Table 5. 32: Beam reinforcement for Axis –2

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.078 343.48 354.90 168.71 3
A-B 42.4 250 358
0.073 344.51 329.72 168.71 3
B-C 39.51 250 358
0.037 351.31 163.59 168.71 2
C-D 19.99 250 358
THIRED FLOOR

0.085 342.08 388.95 168.71 4

D-E 46.28 250 358
AXIS-2

SUPPORT
0.103 338.44 478.09 168.71 4
A 56.28 250 358
0.1389 331.24 654.00 168.71 5
B 75.35 250 358
0.1174 335.65 546.13 168.71 5
C 63.76 250 358
0.1058 337.94 490.28 168.71 4
D 57.63 250 358
0.1216 334.72 568.86 168.71 5
E 66.23 250 358

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 369
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 33: Beam reinforcement for Axis –3

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.078 343.47 355.07 168.71 3
A-B 42.42 250 358
0.072 344.52 329.37 168.71 3
B-C 39.47 250 358
0.037 351.27 164.43 168.71 2
THIRED FLOOR

C-D 20.09 250 358

0.085 342.02 390.45 168.71 4
D-E 46.45 358
AXIS-3

250

SUPPORT
0.106 337.84 492.72 168.71 4
A 57.9 250 358
0.135 331.89 638.17 168.71 5
B 73.67 250 358
0.135 331.99 635.63 168.71 5
C 73.4 250 358
0.1212 334.84 566.00 168.71 5
D 65.92 250 358
0.106 337.95 489.92 168.71 4
E 57.59 250 358

Table 5. 34: Beam reinforcement for Axis –4

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
THIRED FLOOR

0.0898 341.14 412.11 168.71 4

D-E 48.90 250 358
AXIS-4

0
SUPPORT
0.1087 337.35 504.51 168.71 4
D 59.2 250 358
0.1091 337.28 506.41 168.71 4
E 59.41 250 358

Table 5. 35: Beam reinforcement for Axis –5

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
THIRED FLOOR

A-B 42.29 250 358 0.143 343.52 353.93 168.71 3

B-C 42.04 250 358 0.143 343.61 351.75 168.71 3
AXIS-5

SUPPORT
A 57.79 250 358 0.143 337.88 491.73 168.71 4
B 74.79 250 358 0.143 331.45 648.71 168.71 5
C 57.56 250 358 0.143 337.96 489.65 168.71 4

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 370
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 36: Beam reinforcement for Axis –6

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.0777 343.51 354.02 168.71 3
A-B 42.3 250 358
THIRED FLOOR

0.0775 343.55 353.15 168.71 3

B-C 42.2 250 358
AXIS-6

SUPPORT
0.1031 338.49 476.83 168.71 4
A 56.14 250 358
0.1391 331.11 657.12 168.71 5
B 75.68 250 358
0.105 338.05 487.48 168.71 4
C 57.32 250 358

Table 5. 37: Beam reinforcement for Axis –7

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.078 343.50 354.28 168.71 3
A-B 42.33 250 358
THIRED FLOOR

0.0776 343.53 353.67 168.71 3

B-C 42.26 250 358
AXIS-7

SUPPORT
0.104 338.26 482.51 168.71 4
A 56.77 250 358
0.138 331.38 650.41 168.71 5
B 74.97 250 358
0.106 337.93 490.55 168.71 4
C 57.66 250 358

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 371
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 38: Beam reinforcement for Axis –A

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.0176 354.81 77.87 168.71 2 -
1-2 9.61 250 358
0.113 336.57 523.62 168.71 4 -
2-3 61.3 250 358
0.113 336.58 523.44 168.71 4 -
5-6 61.28 250 358
SECOND FLOOR

0.0175 354.84 77.13 168.71 2

6-7 9.52 250 358
AXIS-A

-
SUPPORT
0.0498 348.84 223.75 168.71 2
1 27.15 250 358
320.768 917.01 168.71 2
2 101.95 250 358 0.143 6
323.811 843.12 168.71 2
3 94.55 250 358 0.143 5
323.632 844.69 168.71 2
5 94.68 250 358 0.143 5
917.02 168.71 2
6 101.87 250 358 0.143 320.75 6
349.41 209.81 168.71 2 -
7 25.5 250 358 0.143

Table 5. 39: Beam reinforcement for Axis –B

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1-2 9.73 250 358 0.0178 354.77 78.85 168.71 2 -
2-3 59.72 250 358 0.109 337.16 509.23 168.71 4 -
3-4 7.45 250 358 0.014 355.53 60.24 168.71 2 -
-
SECOND FLOOR

4-5 7.69 250 358 0.014 355.45 62.20 168.71 2

5-6 59.69 250 358 0.109 337.17 508.96 168.71 4 -
AXIS-B

6-7 9.74 250 358 0.018 354.77 78.93 168.71 2 -

SUPPORT
1 26.8 250 358 0.049 348.96 220.79 168.71 2 -
2 100.9 250 358 0.143 321.126 906.68 168.71 6 2
3 98.75 250 358 0.143 322.021 885.18 168.71 5 2
4 48.36 250 358 0.089 341.33 407.33 168.71 4 -
5 98.96 250 358 0.143 322.021 887.09 168.71 5 2
6 100.77 250 358 0.143 321.126 905.49 168.71 6 2
7 25.37 250 358 0.047 349.46 208.72 168.71 2 -

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 372
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 40: Beam reinforcement for Axis –C

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1-2 9.74 250 358 0.0179 354.77 78.93 168.71 2 -
2-3 59.4 250 358 0.109 337.28 506.32 168.71 4 -
358 344.67 325.64 168.71 3 -
SECOND FLOOR

3-5 39.04 250 0.072

5-6 59.25 250 358 0.109 337.34 504.96 168.71 4 -
AXIS-C

6-7 9.77 250 358 0.018 354.76 79.18 168.71 2 -

SUPPORT
1 26.64 250 358 0.049 349.02 219.44 168.71 2 -
2 10085 250 358 0.143 321.126 906.22 168.71 6 2
3 99.46 250 358 0.143 321.663 892.41 168.71 5 2
5 100.1 250 358 0.143 321.484 898.62 168.71 5 2
6 100.5 250 358 0.143 321.484 902.26 168.71 5 2
7 25.85 250 358 0.047 349.29 212.77 168.71 2 -

Table 5. 41: Beam reinforcement for Axis –D

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.018 354.77 79.01 168.71 2 -
1-2 9.75 250 358
0.109 337.36 504.33 168.71 4 -
2-3 59.18 250 358
SECOND FLOOR

0.018 354.75 79.34 168.71 2 -

3-4 9.79 250 358
AXIS-D

SUPPORT
0.048 349.14 216.40 168.71 2 -
1 26.28 250 358
321.31 905.29 168.71 2
2 100.79 250 358 0.143 6
321.84 896.57 168.71 2
3 99.96 250 358 0.143 5
348.14 240.97 168.71 3 -
4 29.18 250 358 0.054

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 373
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 42: Beam reinforcement for Axis –E

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.018 354.76 79.09 168.71 2 -
1-2 9.76 250 358
0.108 337.40 503.51 168.71 4 -
2-3 59.09 250 358
SECOND FLOOR

0.018 354.75 79.34 168.71 2 -

3-4 9.79 250 358
AXIS-E

SUPPORT
0.051 348.80 224.77 168.71 2 -
1 27.27 250 358
321.13 904.86 168.71 2
2 100.7 250 358 0.143 6
321.05 900.74 168.71 2
3 100.23 250 358 0.143 5
349.14 216.48 168.71 2 -
4 26.29 250 358 0.048

Table 5. 43: Beam reinforcement for Axis –1

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.079 343.16 362.68 168.71 3
A-B 43.29 250 358
0.073 344.46 330.76 168.71 3
B-C 39.63 250 358
0.041 350.52 182.91 168.71 2
SECOND FLOOR

C-D 22.3 250 358

0.088 341.57 401.57 168.71 4
358
AXIS-1

D-E 47.71 250

SUPPORT
0.096 339.97 440.58 168.71 4
A 52.1 250 358
0.143 330.32 676.54 168.71 5
B 77.73 250 358
0.112 336.70 520.61 168.71 4
C 60.97 250 358
0.122 334.65 570.52 168.71 5
D 66.41 250 358
0.099 339.16 460.46 168.71 4
E 54.32 250 358

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 374
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 44: Beam reinforcement for Axis –2

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.0795 343.16 362.68 168.71 3
A-B 43.29 250 358
0.072 344.61 327.29 168.71 3
B-C 39.23 250 358
0.042 350.33 187.35 168.71 2
C-D 22.83 250 358
SECOND FLOOR

0.0877 341.55 402.02 168.71 4

D-E 47.76 250 358
AXIS-2

0
SUPPORT
0.0952 340.07 438.17 168.71 4
A 51.83 250 358
0.1432 330.21 679.11 168.71 5
B 78 250 358
0.112 336.74 519.51 168.71 4
C 60.85 250 358
0.123 334.46 575.33 168.71 5
D 66.93 250 358
0.099 339.29 457.23 168.71 4
E 53.96 250 358

Table 5. 45: Beam reinforcement for Axis –3

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.079 343.19 361.89 168.71 3
A-B 43.20 250 358
0.073 344.44 331.45 168.71 3
B-C 39.71 250 358
0.042 350.30 188.11 168.71 2
SECOND FLOOR

C-D 22.92 250 358

0.088 341.48 403.70 168.71 4
D-E 47.95 250 358
AXIS-3

SUPPORT
0.0097 339.68 447.73 168.71 4
A 52.9 250 358
0.1413 330.62 669.14 168.71 5
B 76.95 250 358
0.112 336.60 522.98 168.71 4
C 61.23 250 358
0.122 334.61 571.63 168.71 5
D 66.53 250 358
0.099 339.28 457.41 168.71 4
E 53.98 250 358

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 375
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 46: Beam reinforcement for Axis –4

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
SECOND FLOOR

0.094 340.32 431.93 168.71 4

D-E 51.13 250 358
AXIS-4

SUPPORT
0.105 338.04 487.75 168.71 4
D 57.35 250 358
0.104 338.24 482.87 168.71 4
E 56.81 250 358

Table 5. 47: Beam reinforcement for Axis –5

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.079 343.23 360.84 168.71 3
A-B 43.08 250 358
SECOND FLOOR

0.078 343.38 357.34 168.71 3

B-C 42.68 250 358
AXIS-5

SUPPORT
0.097 339.79 444.96 168.71 4
A 52.59 250 358
0.143 330.33 676.06 168.71 5
B 77.68 250 358
0.079089843 339.65 448.45 168.71 4
C 52.98 250 358

Table 5. 48: Beam reinforcement for Axis –6

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.079 343.24 360.76 168.71 3
A-B 43.07 250 358
SECOND FLOOR

0.079 343.27 360.06 168.71 3

B-C 42.99 250 358
AXIS-6

SUPPORT
0.095 340.20 435.05 168.71 4
A 51.48 250 358
0.145 329.88 687.10 168.71 5
B 78.84 250 358
0.096 339.96 440.76 168.71 4
C 52.12 250 358

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 376
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 49: Beam reinforcement for Axis –7

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.096 343.23 360.84 168.71 3
A-B 43.08 250 358
SECOND FLOOR

0.079 343.24 360.67 168.71 3

B-C 43.06 250 358
AXIS-7

0.079
SUPPORT
340.04 438.89 168.71 4
A 51.91 250 358
0.095 330.07 682.43 168.71 5
B 78.35 250 358
0.144 339.89 442.64 168.71 4
C 52.33 250 358

Table 5. 50: Beam reinforcement for Axis –A

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.0194 354.50 85.48 168.71 2 -
1-2 10.54 250 358
0.102 338.80 469.27 168.71 4 -
2-3 55.30 250 358
168.71 2
3-5 105.65 250 358 0.143 319.16 954.19 6
0.102 338.80 469.27 168.71 4 -
5-6 55.3 250 358
FIRST FLOOR

0.0402 350.65 179.56 168.71 2 -

6-7 21.9 250 358
AXIS-A

SUPPORT
0.069 345.25 311.52 168.71 3 -
1 37.41 250 358
289.085 931.47 168.71 6 2
2 95.13 250 358 0.143
354.22 958.06 168.71 6 2
3 113.71 250 358 0.143
288.87 933.96 168.71 6 2
5 95.34 250 358 0.143
288.91 933.86 168.71 6 2
6 95.34 250 358 0.143
274.23 1136.02 168.71 6 2
7 113 250 358 0.143

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 377
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 51: Beam reinforcement for Axis –B

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1-2 10.17 250 358 0.0187 354.63 82.45 168.71 2 -
2-3 58.9 250 358 0.108 337.47 501.79 168.71 4 -
3-4 7.48 250 358 0.014 355.52 60.49 168.71 2 -
4-5 7.48 250 358 0.014 355.52 60.49 168.71 2 -
FIRDT FLOOR

5-6 56.68 250 358 0.104 338.29 481.70 168.71 4 -

-
AXIS-B

6-7 10.26 250 358 0.019 354.60 83.19 168.71 2

SUPPORT
1 20.94 250 358 0.038 350.98 171.52 168.71 2 -
321.0186 2
2 101.32 250 358 0.143 910.73 168.71 6
321.0186 2
3 100.38 250 358 0.143 911.28 168.71 6
4 34.5 250 358 0.095 346.28 286.44 168.71 3 -
5 100.4 250 358 0.143 321.08 902.36 168.71 5 2
6 101.33 250 358 0.143 321.05 901.65 168.71 5 2
7 20.43 250 358 0.0102 351.16 167.26 168.71 2 -

Table 5. 52: Beam reinforcement for Axis –C

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.068 354.64 82.20 168.71 2 -
1-2 10.14 250 358
0.019 337.57 499.16 168.71 4 -
2-3 58.61 250 358
0.108 348.65 228.50 168.71 2 -
3-5 27.71 250 358
0.051 337.60 498.61 168.71 4 -
358
FIRST FLOOR

5-6 58.55 250

0.107 354.60 83.19 168.71 2 -
AXIS-C

6-7 10.26 250 358

0.019 -
SUPPORT
0.039 350.96 172.03 168.71 2 −
1 21 250 358
321.0186 911.91 168.71 2
2 101.45 250 358 0.143 6
321.0186 902.54 168.71 2
3 100.42 250 358 0.143 5
321.0186 905.73 168.71 2
5 100.77 250 358 0.143 6
321.0186 910.00 168.71 2
6 101.24 250 358 0.143 6
351.15 167.51 168.71 2
7 20.46 250 358 0.038

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 378
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 53: Beam reinforcement for Axis –D

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
354.62 82.53 168.71 2 -
1-2 10.18 250 358 0.067
337.62 497.98 168.71 4 -
2-3 58.48 250 358 0.018
FIRST FLOOR

354.69 80.98 168.71 2 -

3-4 9.99 250 358 0.015
AXIS-D

SUPPORT
351.02 170.61 168.71 2 -
1 20.83 250 358 0.035
321.07 911.91 168.71 2
2 101.37 250 358 0.143 6
321.08 902.54 168.71 2
3 100.78 250 358 0.143 5
350.58 181.40 168.71 2 -
4 22.12 250 358 0.045

Table 5. 54: Beam reinforcement for Axis –E

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
354.66 81.63 168.71 2 -
1-2 10.07 250 358 0.056
337.64 497.52 168.71 4 -
2-3 58.43 250 358 0.019
FIRST FLOOR

354.59 83.43 168.71 2 -

3-4 10.29 250 358 0.068
AXIS-E

SUPPORT
350.81 175.79 168.71 2
1 21.45 250 358 0.042
321.07 911.91 168.71 2
2 101.38 250 358 0.143 6
321.08 902.54 168.71 2
3 100.87 250 358 0.143 5
351.19 166.43 168.71 2 -
4 20.33 250 358 0.036

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 379
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 55: Beam reinforcement for Axis –1

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
-
0.079 343.24 360.76 168.71 4
A-B 43.07 250 358
0.109 337.23 507.60 168.71 4 -
B-C 59.54 250 358
0.0416 350.40 185.76 168.71 2 -
FIRST FLOOR

C-D 22.64 250 358

0.087 341.65 399.54 168.71 4 -
AXIS-1

D-E 47.48 250 358

SUPPORT
0.093 340.55 426.41 168.71 4
A 50.51 250 358
0.143 300.89 762.22 168.71 5 2
B 80.09 250 358
0.108 337.42 502.87 168.71 4 -
C 59.02 250 358
0.124 334.24 580.69 168.71 5 -
D 67.51 250 358
0.099 339.29 457.14 168.71 4 -
E 53.95 250 358

Table 5. 56: Beam reinforcement for Axis –2

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.079 343.23 361.02 168.71 3 -
A-B 43.1 250 358
0.072 337.22 507.78 168.71 4 -
B-C 59.56 250 358
0.038 350.31 188.02 168.71 2 -
C-D 22.91 250 358
FIRST FLOOR

0.088 341.67 399.10 168.71 4 -

D-E 47.43 250 358
AXIS-2

SUPPORT
0.0932 340.61 424.90 168.71 4 -
A 50.34 250 358
0.143 300.88 762.43 168.71 5 2
B 80.24 250 358
0.109 337.43 502.69 168.71 4 -
C 59 250 358
0.124 334.16 582.64 168.71 5 -
D 67.72 250 358
0.099 339.34 456.06 168.71 4 -
E 53.83 250 358

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 380
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 57: Beam reinforcement for Axis –3

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.079 343.21 361.46 168.71 3 -
A-B 43.15 250 358
0.0722 344.58 328.07 168.71 3 -
B-C 39.32 250 358
0.037 351.22 165.68 168.71 2 -
C-D 20.24 250 358
FIRST FLOOR

0.087 341.62 400.25 168.71 4 -

D-E 47.56 250 358
AXIS-3

SUPPORT
0.0932 340.45 428.81 168.71 4 -
A 50.78 250 358
0.143 300.60 760.55 168.71 5 2
B 79.55 250 358
0.109 337.27 506.69 168.71 4 -
C 59.44 250 358
0.124 334.28 579.77 168.71 5 -
D 67.41 250 358
0.099 339.32 456.60 168.71 4 -
E 53.89 250 358

Table 5. 58: Beam reinforcement for Axis –4

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
FIRST FLOOR

0.0935 340.40 430.15 168.71 4

D-E 50.93 250 358
AXIS-4

SUPPORT
0.105 338.03 488.11 168.71 4
D 57.39 250 358
0.105 338.11 486.03 168.71 4
E 57.16 250 358

Table 5. 59: Beam reinforcement for Axis –5

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
FIRST FLOOR

A-B 42.72 250 358 0.078 343.36 357.69 168.71 3 -

B-C 42.84 250 358 0.077 343.32 358.74 168.71 3 -

AXIS-5

SUPPORT
A 50.73 250 358 0.093 340.47 428.37 168.71 4 -

B 82.07 250 358 0.143 311.21 780.33 168.71 5 2

C 48.66 250 358 0.089 341.22 409.98 168.71 4 -

Table 5. 60: Beam reinforcement for Axis –6

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 381
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.078 343.29 359.44 168.71 3 -
A-B 42.92 250 358
FIRST FLOOR

0.076 343.34 358.31 168.71 3 -

B-C 42.79 250 358
AXIS-6

SUPPORT
0.093 340.87 418.50 168.71 4 -
A 49.62 250 358
0.143 305.12 756.85 168.71 5 2
B 81.55 250 358
0.091 340.58 425.61 168.71 4 -
C 50.42 250 358

Table 5. 61: Beam reinforcement for Axis –7

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.079 343.28 359.62 168.71 3 -
A-B 42.94 250 358
FIRST FLOOR

0.074 343.36 357.87 168.71 3 -

B-C 42.74 250 358
AXIS-7

SUPPORT
340.83 419.48 168.71 4 -
A 49.73 250 358 0.094
0.14 2
305.12 756.85 168.71 5
B 81.39 250 358 3
0.09 -
340.48 428.19 168.71 4
C 50.71 250 358 3

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 382
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 62: Beam reinforcement for Axis –A

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1-2 11.59 250 358 0.0213 354.15 94.09 168.71 2 -

2-3 54.81 250 358 0.101 338.98 464.86 168.71 4 -

3-4 52.84 250 358 0.097 339.70 447.20 168.71 4 -

GROUND FLOOR

4-5 54.8 250 358 0.101 338.98 464.77 168.71 4 -

5-6 54.73 250 358 0.10 339.01 464.14 168.71 4 -

AXIS-A

6-7 11.52 250 358 0.021 0.0211 354.17 93.51 2 -

SUPPORT
1 19.19 250 358 0.035 351.58 156.92 168.71 2 -

2 99.47 250 358 0.143 285.505 980.67 168.71 6 2

3 109.48 250 358 0.143 317.546 992.59 168.71 6 2

4 109.48 250 358 0.143 317.546 992.59 168.71 6 2

5 52.84 250 358 0.101 339.70 447.20 168.71 4 -

6 99.74 250 358 0.143 321.63 898.04 168.71 5 2

7 19.65 250 358 0.035 351.42 160.76 168.71 2 -

Table 5. 63: Beam reinforcement for Axis –B

,
( , , (
SPAN ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1-2 11.43 250 358 0.0214 354.20 92.77 168.71 2 -

2-3 56.18 250 358 0.102 338.47 477.19 168.71 4 -

0.010 -
3-4 9.58 250 358 1 354.82 77.62 168.71 2
-
GROUND FLOOR

4-5 9.2 250 358 0.10 354.95 74.52 168.71 2

5-6 56.18 250 358 0.102 338.47 477.19 168.71 4 -
AXIS-B

0.021 -
6-7 11.44 250 358 4 354.20 92.86 168.71 2
SUPPOR
T
1 19.19 250 358 0.035 351.58 156.92 168.71 2 -

2 102.74 250 358 0.143 302.55 989.56 168.71 6 2

3 102.89 250 358 0.143 302.53 989.54 168.71 6 2

4 26.26 250 358 0.045 349.15 216.23 168.71 2 -

5 102.85 250 358 0.143 302.60 989.90 168.71 6 2

6 102.79 250 358 0.143 302.58 991.34 168.71 6 2

7 19.12 250 358 0.035 351.60 156.34 168.71 2 -

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 383
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 64: Beam reinforcement for Axis –C

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1-2 11.47 250 358 0.021 354.19 93.10 168.71 2 -

2-3 56.7 250 358 0.104 338.28 481.88 168.71 4 -

GROUND FLOOR

3-5 23.60 250 358 0.043 350.07 193.82 168.71 2 -

5-6 56.6 250 358 0.104 338.32 480.98 168.71 4 -

AXIS-C

6-7 11.51 250 358 0.021 354.18 93.43 168.71 2 -

SUPPORT
1 19.36 250 358 0.036 351.52 158.34 168.71 2 -

2 100.16 250 358 0.143 321.13 899.94 168.71 5 2

3 102.77 250 358 0.143 320.95 924.08 168.71 6 2

5 102.87 250 358 0.143 320.95 924.99 168.71 6 2

6 102.87 250 358 0.143 320.95 924.99 168.71 6 2

7 19.01 250 358 0.031 351.64 155.42 168.71 2

Table 5. 65: Beam reinforcement for Axis –D

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
GROUND FLOOR

1-2 11.46 250 358 0.021 354.19 93.02 168.71 2 -

2-3 56.4 250 358 0.104 338.39 479.17 168.71 4 -

AXIS-D

4-5 11.42 250 358 0.021 354.21 92.69 168.71 2 -

SUPPORT
1 19.49 250 358 0.037 351.48 159.42 168.71 2 -

2 102.98 250 358 0.143 322.93 924.08 168.71 6 2

3 102.75 250 358 0.143 320.93 924.99 168.71 6 2

5 19.93 250 358 0.031 351.33 163.09 168.71 2 -

Table 5. 66: Beam reinforcement for Axis –E

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1-2 11.41 250 358 0.021 354.21 92.61 168.71 2 -
GROUND FLOOR

2-3 56.4 250 358 0.104 338.39 479.17 168.71 4 -

3-4 11.53 250 358 0.022 354.17 93.59 168.71 2 -

AXIS-E

SUPPOR
T
1 19.89 250 358 0.032 351.34 162.76 168.71 2 -

2 103.1 250 358 0.143 322.94 922.53 168.71 6 2

3 102.66 250 358 0.143 320.94 924.95 168.71 6 2

4 18.98 250 358 0.038 351.65 155.17 168.71 2 -

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 384
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 67: Beam reinforcement for Axis –1

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
A-B 40.67 250 358 0.0747 344.09 339.80 168.71 3
GROUND FLOOR

B-C 38.92 250 358 0.0715 344.72 324.60 168.71 3

C-D 13.32 250 358 0.0245 353.57 108.31 168.71 2
AXIS-1

D-E 44.1 250 358 0.0809 342.87 369.78 168.71 3

SUPPORT
A 55.72 250 358 0.1023 338.64 473.05 168.71 4
B 79.36 250 358 0.143 322.98 567.83 168.71 5
C 61.16 250 358 0.1123 336.63 522.34 168.71 4
D 68.34 250 358 0.1255 333.92 588.39 168.71 5
E 59.87 250 358 0.1099 337.11 510.59 168.71 4

Table 5. 68: Beam reinforcement for Axis –2

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
A-B 40.67 250 358 0.075 344.09 339.80 168.71 3
B-C 38.93 250 358 0.072 344.71 324.68 168.71 3
GROUND FLOOR

C-D 24.35 250 358 0.045 349.81 200.12 168.71 2

D-E 44.09 250 358 0.081 342.87 369.69 168.71 3
AXIS-2

SUPPORT
A 55.61 250 358 0.102 338.68 472.05 168.71 4

B 79.47 250 358 0.146 5

C 61.19 250 358 0.112 336.61 522.61 168.71 5
D 68.37 250 358 0.126 333.91 588.66 168.71 4
E 59.87 250 358 0.109 337.11 510.59 168.71 5

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 385
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 69: Beam reinforcement for Axis –3

,
, , (
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
A-B 40.43 250 358 0.074 344.18 337.72 168.71 3 -
GROUND FLOOR

B-C 39.25 250 358 0.072 344.60 327.46 168.71 3 -

C-D 26.87 250 358 0.049 348.94 221.39 168.71 2 -
AXIS-3

D-E 44.15 250 358 0.081 342.85 370.22 168.71 3 -

SUPPORT
A 55.25 250 358 0.101 338.82 468.82 168.71 4 -

B 80.30 250 358 0.147 313.55 898.04 168.71 5 2

C 61.29 250 358 0.113 336.58 523.53 168.71 -

4
D 68.04 250 358 0.125 334.04 585.60 168.71 -
5
E 60.07 250 358 0.110 337.03 512.41 168.71 -
4

Table 5. 70: Beam reinforcement for Axis –4

, ,
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
GROUND FLOOR

A-B 47.29 250 358 0.087 341.72 397.86 168.71 4

D-E 46.83 250 358 0.086 341.89 393.80 168.71 4
AXIS-4

SUPPORT
A 60.43 250 358 0.111 336.90 515.69 168.71 4
B 61.39 250 358 0.113 336.54 524.44 168.71 4
D 62.17 250 358 0.114 336.25 531.56 168.71 4
E 62.58 250 358 0.115 336.09 535.31 168.71 4

Table 5. 71: Beam reinforcement for Axis –5

,
( , , (
SPAN ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
A-B 40.83 250 358 0.075 344.04 341.20 168.71 3 -
GROUND FLOOR

B-C 36.55 250 358 0.067 345.56 304.09 168.71 3 -

AXIS-5

C-D 52.91 250 358 0.097 339.67 447.82 168.71 4 -

SUPPOR
T
A 54.56 250 358 0.1 339.07 462.61 168.71 4 -
B 80.2 250 358 0.143 313.55 898.04 168.71 5 2
C 71.87 250 358 0.132 332.58 621.28 168.71 -
5
D 71.44 250 358 0.131 332.74 617.26 168.71 -
5

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 386
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 72: Beam reinforcement for Axis –6

,
( , , (
SPAN ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.0745 344.12 339.11 168.71 3 -
A-B 40.59 250 358
GROUND FLOOR

0.0741 344.19 337.45 168.71 3 -

B-C 40.4 250 358
AXIS-6

SUPPOR
T
0.1012 338.86 467.83 168.71 4 -
A 55.14 250 358
0.147 313.55 898.04 168.71 5 2
B 80.1 250 358
0.146 329.84 688.24 168.71 5 -
C 78.96 250 358

Table 5. 73: Beam reinforcement for Axis –7

,
, , ( )
SPAN ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0.0745 344.13 339.02 168.71 3 -
358
GROUND FLOOR

A-B 40.58 250

0.0074 344.16 338.32 168.71 3 -
B-C 40.50 250 358
AXIS-7

SUPPORT
0.1013 338.84 468.28 168.71 4 -
A 55.19 250 358
0.1469 313.55 898.04 168.71 5 2
B 80.06 250 358
0.1035 338.39 479.17 168.71 4 -
C 56.40 250 358

5.3. DESIGN OF BEAMS FOR SHEAR

5.3.1. Introduction
The ULS of shear is characterized by either diagonal compression failure of concrete or failure
of the web reinforcement due to diagonal tension.

When a beam is subjected to flexure and shear, the shear resistance in the absence of shear
reinforcement is contributed by concrete compression zone, mechanical interlock of aggregate
at the crack and dowel action of the longitudinal reinforcement. The contributions of the later
two are difficult to quantify.

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Uses of Hence, the resistance to a diagonal tension is obtained as the sum of the resistance of
the web reinforcement and the concrete section.
In checking this resistance, the critical section for shear is assessed a distance d from the face
of support

5.3.2. Shear Reinforcement

Shear reinforcement or stirrups are used in Reinforced concrete beams for the following reasons:
 To resist shear force
 Restrict growth of diagonal cracks and reduce their penetration in to compression zone
by improving aggregate interlock in concrete and dowel action of the main steel,
 Tie the longitudinal reinforcement
 Maintain the integrity of the concrete compression zone,
 Improve member ductility by restraining the growth of include cracks; provide warming
of impending failure; it exhibit large deflection with long loading.

5.3.3. ES EN-2:2015 Code Provisions Design of Beams for Shear

In ES EN-2 1992-1-1:2015 two methods of analysis and designing for shear are presented. The
first method, referred to as the standard Method, is the one likely to be commonly used and, in
fact, the method described in the concrete code. The second method, the variable strut
Inclination Method, is an alternative approach where it is possible to obtain economics in the
amount of shear reinforcement provided, but this economy is balanced by the amount of
additional longitudinal reinforcement that must also be provided.

5.3.3.1.Vertical stirrups or links

The procedure for designing the shear links is as follows

(1) Check the shear at the face of the support so that
≥
Where: = ℎ ℎ and
= 0.5 (1 + )

= 0.6 1 −
250

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For vertical links = 0 and

= 0.5
(2) Calculate the shear resistance , of the concrete from The shear capacity of the
concrete, , , in such situations is given by an empirical expression:

0.121 (100 )
, =
⁄ ⁄
0.035
Where:
 , The designs shear resistance of the section without shear reinforcement.

 =1+ ≤ 2.0 ℎ

 = ≤ 0.02

 = the area of the tensile reinforcement that extends beyond the section being
considered by at least a full anchorage length plus one effective depth ( ) ≥
( + )
 ℎ ℎ ℎ ℎ [ ]
(3) With a mainly uniformly distributed load the critical section is taken as distance from
the face of the support where the design shear is .
If > , shear reinforcement is required and is calculated from
1.28( − , )
=

Where
the cross sectional area of the legs of the stirrups
= (2 ∗ ⁄4 )
ℎ ℎ
(4) Minimum shear reinforcement must be provided in the central part of the beams span
where the design shear is small such that

(5) Calculate the shear resistance of the minimum stirrups plus the concrete from

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= + ,
1.28

 Note that ⁄ is for the minimum links as calculated in (4) and , should be
calculated for the effective area of tension steel at the section consider.
(6) Calculate the ultimate design shear forces along the beams span.
(7) Check the crushing strength , of the concrete diagonal strut at the section of
maximum shear, usually at the face of the beam support.
For most case the angle of inclination of the strut is = 22 , ℎ cot = 2.5 and tan = 0.4

, = 0.124 1−
250
And if , ≥ then go to step (8) with = 22 cot = 2.5 but if . <
then > 22 and must be calculated this equation:

= 0.5 ≤ 45
0.18 1−

(8) The shear reinforcement or links required can be calculated as :

=
0.78
Where: is the cross-sectional area of the legs of the
stirrups(2 ⁄4 )
For a predominately uniformly distributed load the shear should be taken at a
distance d from the face of the support and the shear reinforcement should continue to the
face of the support.
(9) Calculate the minimum shear reinforcement or links:

.
, 0.08
=

And the shear resistance for the links actually specified

= ∗ 0.78 cot

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The minimum spacing of the links is governed by the requirements of placing and compacting
the concrete and should not normally be less about 80 mm. given the following guidance on the
maximum link spacing:

Maximum longitudinal spacing between shear links in a series of links

, = 0.75 (1 + )

Where is the inclination of the shear reinforcement to the longitudinal axis of the beam.

Maximum transverse spacing between legs in a series of shear links

, = 0.75 (≤ 600 )

All beams except joists of ribbed slabs, shall be provided with at least the minimum shear
reinforcement given by
0.08
r ,
=

The transverse spacing of the legs in a series of shear links should not exceed ,

,, = 0.75 ≤ 600

The maximum longitudinal spacing of successive series of links is given by:

, = 075 (1 + )

Where  is the inclination of the shear reinforcement.

The maximum longitudinal spacing of bent-up bars is given by:

The maximum transverse spacing of shear reinforcement should not exceed 2 .

5.3.3.2.Shear between the web and flange of a flanged section

The provision of shear links to resist vertical shear in a flanged beam is identical to that
previously described for a rectangular section, on the assumption that the web carries all of the

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vertical shear and that the web width, , is used as the minimum width of the section in the
relevant calculations.

Longitudinal complementary shear stresses also occur in a flanged section along the interface
between the web and flange as shown in Figure 5.6. This is allowed for by providing transverse
reinforcement over the width of the flange on the assumption that this reinforcement acts as ties
combined with compressive struts in the concrete. It is necessary to check the possibility of
failure by excessive compressive stresses in the struts and to provide sufficient steel area to
prevent tensile failure in the ties. The variable strut inclination method is used in a similar
manner to that for the design to resist vertical shear in a beam.
The design is divided in to the following stages:
1) Calculate the longitudinal design shear stresses, at the web flange interface:
The longitudinal shear stresses are act at a maximum in regions of the maximum changes in
bending stresses that, in turn, occur at the steepest parts of the bending moment diagram. These
occur at the length up to the zero sagging moments in the span of the beam.
The change in the longitudinal force ∆ in the flange outstand at a section is obtained from
∆
∆ = ∗
− ℎ ⁄2
Where:
=the effective breadth of the flange
=the breadth of the outstand of the flange = ( − ) ⁄2
= ℎ ℎ ℎ
ℎ = ℎ ℎ ℎ
∆ = ℎ ℎ ℎ ∆
Therefore
∆ ( − )⁄2
∆ = ∗
− ℎ ⁄2

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Figure 5. 4: Shear between flange and web

The longitudinal shear stress, , at the vertical section between the outstand of the flange and
the web is caused by the changed by the change in the longitudinal force, ∆ , which occurs over
the distance ∆ , so that
∆
=
ℎ ∆
The maximum value allowed for ∆ is half the distance between the section with zero moment
and that where maximum moment occurs. Where point loads occur ∆ should not exceed the
distance between point loads.

If is less than or equal to 40 percent of the design tensile cracking strength of the
concrete, , i.e. ≤ 0.4 = 0.4 ⁄1.5 = 0.27 , then no shear reinforcement is
required and proceed directly to step 4.

2) Check the shear stresses in the inclined strut

As before, the angle for the inclination of the concrete strut is restricted to a lower and upper
value and National Annex recommends that, in this case:

1.0 £ q £ 2.0 (45  q  26.5 )

1.0 £ q £ 1.25 (45  q  38.6 )

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To prevent crushing of the concrete in the compression struts in the flange, the following
condition should be satisfied:

≤
1.5(cot + tan )

Where: the strength reduction factor = 0.6(1 − ⁄250).

The lower value of the angle is first tried and if the shear stresses are too high the angle is
calculated from the following equation:

= 0.5 ≤ 45
0.2 1 −

3) Calculate the transverse shear reinforcement required

The required transverse reinforcement per unit length, ⁄ , may be calculated from the
equation:
ℎ
≥
0.87

Which is derived by considering the tensile force in each tie.

4) The requirements of transverse steel

In the case of combined shear between the flange and the web, and transverse bending, the
area of steel should be the greater than that given by Equation (5.25) or half that given by
Equation (2.24) plus that required for transverse bending of the flange.

The minimum amount of transverse steel required in the flange is

, = 0.26 ⁄ > 0.0013 , ℎ = 1000

5.3.4. Sample of Calculation for Shear on Axis B/ TFB-B

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Draw critical shear at critical section

.
Assume width of support is 250 mm , , is a distance from the face of support +
0.358 = 0.483

1.89

1.38
41.64
,
2
1
, 1.85
33.44 0.558

2.36

4.25

4.25

75.14
3
2
,
75.02

8.5

1.86
,

42.15 1.35m
4
3
0.508 1.88 ,
32.93

2.39
5.0

Critical shear at ’d’ distance from the face of support

For member 1 2:

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1.89 − 0.483
, = ∗ 33.44 = 24.45
1.89
1.89 − 0.150
, = ∗ 33.44 = 30.79
1.89
2.36 − 0.483
, = ∗ 41.64 = 32.77
2.36
2.36 − 0.150
, = ∗ 41.64 = 38.99
2.36

Compute concrete shear carrying capacity

The shear capacity of the concrete, , , in such situations is given by an empirical expression:

⁄
0.12 (100 )
, = ⁄ ⁄
0.035

Where:

200
=1+ ≤ 2.0

200
=1+ = 1.75 < 2.0 ⇒ = 1.75
358

= ≤ 0.02

201
= = 0.00225 < 0.02 ⇒ = 0.00225
250 ∗ 358
⁄
0.12 (100 )
⇒ , = ⁄ ⁄
0.035

0.12 ∗ 1.75(100 ∗ 0.00225 ∗ 30) (250 ∗ 358)10 = 35.52

=
⁄ ⁄
0.035 ∗ (1.75) 30) ∗ 250 ∗ 358 10 = 39.72

⇒ , = 39.72KN > → ℎ c

For member 2 -3:

4.25 − 0.483
, = ∗ 75.14 = 66.16
4.25

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4.25 − 0.150
, = ∗ 75.14 = 72.48
4.25
4.25 − 0.483
, = ∗ 75.02 = 66.05
4.25
4.25 − 0.150
, = ∗ 75.02 = 75.37
4.25
Shear reinforcement are needed for all members.
Minimum shear reinforcement must be provided in the central part of the beams span where
the design shear is small such that
=

50.26
= = = 183.60
0.001095 ∗ 250

0.08
= = 0.001095

The maximum longitudinal spacing between shear is given by:

= 0.75 = 0.75 ∗ 358 = 268.50
⁄

For member 3 4:
2.39 − 0.483
, = ∗ 42.15 = 33.19
2.39
2.39 − 0.150
, = ∗ 42.15 = 39.50
2.39
1.86 − 0.558
, = ∗ 32.93 = 23.94
1.86
1.86 − 0.150
, = ∗ 32.93 = 30.27
1.86
Shear reinforcement are needed for all members.
Minimum shear reinforcement must be provided in the central part of the beams span where
the design shear is small such that
=

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50.26
= = = 183.6
0.001095 ∗ 250

0.08
= = 0.001095

The maximum longitudinal spacing between shear is given by:

= 0.75 = 0.75 ∗ 358 = 268.50
⁄

5.3.5. Summary of shear reinforcement for roof floor beams

Table 5. 74: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-A

TOP TIE BEAM ON AXIS-A

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
1-2 24.27 19.36 22.82 16.79 11.89 15.34 39.72 Not Required
2-3 40.84 35.94 39.39 41.28 36.37 39.83 39.72 Not required
5-6 41.27 36.36 39.82 40.85 35.94 20.75 39.72 Not required
6-7 17.33 12.41 15.87 23.73 18.83 22.28 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 290.03 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
2-3 140.97 268.50 140 ⁄ 140
5-6 154.43 268.50 150 ⁄ 150
6-7 252.02 268.50 250 ⁄ 250
Table 5. 75: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-B
TOP TIE BEAM ON AXIS-B
MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
1-2 10.61 -10.9495 4.244 0.63 0.54999 0.606375 39.72 Not Required
2-3 14.03 -16.958 4.88 13.01 12.21084 12.77403 39.72 Not required
3-4 12.1 3.714188 9.623874 25.62 21.92257 24.52824 39.72 Not required
4-5 25.93 -11.7055 14.81714 12.41 10.79352 11.93269 39.72
5-6 12.99 -13.9444 5.036939 14.05 13.18486 13.79455 39.72
6-7 14.05 -1.81089 9.366667 12.80 11.08884 12.29474 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 512.78 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
2-3 331.07 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
3-4 256.16 268.50 250 ⁄ 250
4-5 479.50 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
5-6 402.79 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
6-7 506.31 268.50 260 ⁄ 260

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Table 5. 76: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-C

TOP TIE BEAM ON AXIS-C

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
1-2 14.15 -14.6028 5.66 0.63 0.54999 0.606375 39.72 Not Required
2-3 10.37 -9.14096 4.608889 13.22 12.40399 12.97905 39.72 Not required
3-5 6.82 -9.917 1.877971 5.17 4.853189 5.076454 39.72 Not required
5-6 13.39 -15.1903 4.950924 13.65 12.81051 13.40212 39.72
6-7 0.082 -1.58424 -0.41 13.60 11.96671 13.11773 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 384.32 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
2-3 331.07 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
3-5 256.16 268.50 250 ⁄ 250
5-6 479.50 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
6-7 402.79 268.50 260 ⁄ 260

Table 5. 77: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-D

TOP TIE BEAM ON AXIS-D

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
1-2 13.44 -15.3681 4.933671 0.08 0.069865 0.077007 39.72 Not Required
2-3 13.71 -16.3102 4.845776 13.33 12.52862 13.09337 39.72 Not required
3-4 2.15 1.589897 1.984615 15.67 12.19386 14.64358 39.72 Not required
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 365.32 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
2-3 344.26 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
3-4 384.32 268.50 260 ⁄ 250

Table 5. 78: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-E

TOP TIE BEAM ON AXIS-E
MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
1-2 23.77 -5.8987 15.00956 17.30 15.01135 16.62422 39.72 Not Required
2-3 41.12 -47.7692 14.87319 40.99 38.46907 40.24563 39.72 Not required
3-4 17.75 1.174632 12.8557 23.31 20.15227 22.3776 39.72 Not required

Reinforcement
MEMBE
( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 374.08 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
2-3 117.54 268.50 110 ⁄ 110

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3-4 278.66 268.50 260 ⁄ 250

Table 5. 79: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-1
TOP TIE BEAM ON AXIS-1
MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
A-B 12.54 10.92317 12.06259 9.72 8.106353 9.243529 39.72 Not Required
B-C 9.49 7.877652 9.013913 12.77 11.15225 12.29232 39.72 Not required
C-D 8.12 3.215172 6.671724 16.03 11.12443 14.58151 39.72 Not required
D-E 34.88 29.97168 33.43069 32.75 27.84233 31.30088
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 514.19 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
B-C 503.58 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
C-D 504.94 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
D-E 187.35 268.50 180 ⁄ 180

Table 5. 80: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-2

TOP TIE BEAM ON AXIS-2

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
A-B 12.36 10.74173 11.88216 9.91 8.29126 9.432026 39.72 Not Required
B-C 9.48 7.863946 9.002819 12.78 11.16501 12.30313 39.72 Not required
C-D 6.52 4.904312 6.042927 1.43 -0.18431 0.953333 39.72 Not required
D-E 10.95 9.332965 10.47253 11.32 9.704674 10.84303 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 522.81 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
B-C 503.13 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
C-D 1145.91 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
D-E 578.86 268.50 260 ⁄ 260

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Table 5. 81: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-3

TOP TIE BEAM ON AXIS-3

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK

A-B 12.81 9.332965 10.47253 9.46 9.704674 10.84303 39.72 Not Required

B-C 9.34 11.19524 12.3332 12.93 7.841926 8.982222 39.72 Not required

C-D 7.55 7.72615 8.863469 0.403 11.31216 12.45229 39.72 Not required

D-E 10.88 5.931688 7.072152 11.38 -1.1718 -0.062 39.72

Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 578.86 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
B-C 501.78 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
C-D 496.46 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
D-E 946.87 268.50 260 ⁄ 260

Table 5. 82: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-4

TOP TIE BEAM ON AXIS-4
MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
B-D 9.82 9.02942 9.586561 4.96 4.170132 4.726771 39.72 Not Required
D-E 35.1 30.18793 33.64959 32.55 27.64335 31.10119 39.72 Not required
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
B-D 621.81 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
D-E 185.99 268.50 180 ⁄ 180

Table 5. 83: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-5

TOP TIE BEAM ON AXIS-5

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
A-B 12.87 11.25569 12.39333 9.4 7.781288 8.922034 39.72 Not Required
B-C 9.5 7.880537 9.021812 12.8 11.18249 12.32239 39.72 not required
Reinforcement
MEMBER ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 498.66 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
B-C 502.23 268.50 260 ⁄ 260

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Table 5. 84: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-6

TOP TIE BEAM ON AXIS-6
MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
A-B 12.21 10.59472 11.73305 10.06 8.442759 9.582468 39.72 Not Required
B-C 9.70 8.110452 9.230645 12.56 10.94469 12.08304 39.72 not required
Reinforcement
MEMBER ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 530.21 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
B-C 513.25 268.50 260 ⁄ 260

Table 5. 85: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-7

TOP TIE BEAM ON AXIS-7
MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
A-B 32.49 27.57782 31.03955 35.14 30.23585 33.69192 39.72 Not Required
B-C 34.9 29.98886 33.44986 32.70 27.79982 31.2531 39.72 not required
Reinforcement
MEMBER ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 185.68 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
B-C 187.23 268.50 180 ⁄ 180

5.3.6. Summary of shear reinforcement for fourth floor beams

Table 5. 86: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-A

FOURTH FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-A

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
1-2 42.56 33.58885 39.91104 32.53 23.54889 29.8781 39.72 Not Required
2-3 137.63 121.2945 132.8065 135.66 119.3294 130.838 39.72 Not required
5-6 135.71 119.3733 130.8862 137.56 121.2328 132.739 39.72 Not required
6-7 72.14 55.77968 67.3092 64.51 48.20598 59.69582 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 167.16 268.50 160 ⁄ 160
2-3 46.29 268.50 40 ⁄ 40
5-6 46.32 268.50 40 ⁄ 40
6-7 100.66 268.50 100 ⁄ 100

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Table 5. 87: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-B

FOURTH FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-B

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
1-2 41.78 32.82462 39.1357 33.3 24.30191 30.64309 39.72 Not Required
2-3 75.29 66.31176 72.63894 74.88 65.90853 72.23094 39.72 Not required
3-4 21.93 12.94577 19.27718 53.16 44.18815 50.51083 39.72 Not required
4-5 53.57 44.58863 50.91802 21.52 12.55921 18.8741 39.72
5-6 74.95 65.97014 72.29847 75.22 66.2501 72.57141 39.72
6-7 34.50 25.51231 31.84615 40.57 31.57019 37.91258 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 171.08 268.50 170 ⁄ 170
2-3 84.68 268.50 80 ⁄ 80
3-4 127.06 268.50 120 ⁄ 120
4-5 125.92 268.50 120 ⁄ 120
5-6 84.75 268.50 80 ⁄ 80
6-7 177.86 268.50 170 ⁄ 170

Table 5. 88: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-C

FOURTH FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-C

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
1-2 41.59 32.59948 38.93532 33.49 24.48846 30.83206 39.72 Not Required
2-3 75.24 66.26772 72.5907 74.93 65.95254 72.27917 39.72 Not required
3-5 27.13 23.75205 26.13257 29.37 25.99444 28.37328 39.72 Not required
5-6 75.1 66.12334 72.44941 75.1 66.12334 72.44941 39.72
6-7 34.1 25.12446 31.44974 41.01 32.03022 38.35849 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 172.24 268.50 170 ⁄ 170
2-3 84.73 268.50 80 ⁄ 80
3-5 216.04 268.50 210 ⁄ 210
5-6 84.82 268.50 80 ⁄ 80
6-7 175.30 268.50 170 ⁄ 170

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Table 5. 89: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-D

FOURTH FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-D
MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
1-2 41.22 32.23298 38.56635 33.86 24.90121 31.21469 39.72 Not Required
2-3 75.2 66.23249 72.55211 74.97 65.98775 72.31776 39.72 Not required
3-4 31.69 22.69641 29.03441 43.40 34.43772 40.75366 39.72 Not required
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 174.22 268.50 170 ⁄ 170
2-3 84.78 268.50 80 ⁄ 80
3-4 163.04 268.50 160 ⁄ 160

Table 5. 90: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-E

FOURTH FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-E

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
1-2 42.1 33.11395 39.44664 33.01 24.04258 30.36214 39.72 Not Required
2-3 75.16 66.18462 72.50979 75.01 66.03354 72.35947 39.72 Not required
3-4 33.59 24.60909 30.93816 41.48 32.51326 38.83234 39.72 Not required
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 169.64 268.50 160 ⁄ 160
2-3 84.84 268.50 80 ⁄ 80
3-4 172.71 268.50 170 ⁄ 170

Table 5. 91: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-1

FOURTH FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-1

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
A-B 60.22 51.24881 57.57103 63.45 54.47156 60.79889 39.72 Not Required
B-C 62.52 53.5482 59.87085 61.15 52.17191 58.49899 39.72 Not required
C-D 19.52 10.58652 16.88216 24.64 15.63488 21.98101 39.72 Not required
D-E 62.18 53.2063 59.53028 61.48 52.50533 58.83
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 103.08 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
B-C 104.85 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
C-D 359.24 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
D-E 105.52 268.50 100 ⁄ 100

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Table 5. 92: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-2

FOURTH FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-2

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
A-B 60.08 51.10334 57.42941 63.58 54.58316 60.92345 39.72 Not Required
B-C 62.56 53.58246 59.90915 61.11 52.13778 58.46072 39.72 Not required
C-D 23.26 14.30842 20.61682 20.91 11.90807 18.25195 39.72 Not required
D-E 62.43 53.44574 59.77717 61.24 52.27461 58.59274 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 102.88 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
B-C 104.80 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
C-D 392.38 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
D-E 105.07 268.50 100 ⁄ 100

Table 5. 93: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-3

FOURTH FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-3
MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
A-B 60.65 51.66743 57.99767 63.02 54.05245 60.3721 39.72 Not Required
B-C 62.48 53.51394 59.83254 61.19 52.20603 58.53725 39.72 Not required
C-D 23.97 15.0165 21.32625 20.2 11.1986 17.54211 39.72 Not required
D-E 62.39 53.4115 59.73887 61.27 52.30021 58.62144 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 103.88 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
B-C 104.93 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
C-D 373.83 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
D-E 105.13 268.50 100 ⁄ 100

Table 5. 94: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-4

FOURTH FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-4

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
D-E 61.74 52.7532 59.08642 61.92 52.95836 59.27385 39.72 Not required
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
D-E 106.02 268.50 100 ⁄ 100

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Table 5. 95: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-5

FOURTH FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-5
MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
A-B 60.65 51.66743 57.99767 63.01 54.04387 60.36252 39.72 Not Required
B-C 63.25 54.27486 60.59986 60.42 51.44533 57.77 39.72 not required
Reinforcement
MEMBER ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 110.01 268.50 110 ⁄ 110
B-C 103.46 268.50 100 ⁄ 100

Table 5. 96: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-6

FOURTH FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-6

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
A-B 60.11 51.12886 57.45809 63.56 54.56599 60.90429 39.72 Not Required
B-C 63.19 54.22337 60.54237 60.47 51.48791 57.81781 39.72 not required
Reinforcement
MEMBER ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 102.89 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
B-C 103.56 268.50 100 ⁄ 100

Table 5. 97: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-7

FOURTH FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-7

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
A-B 60.36 51.39425 57.71263 63.3 54.31777 60.64777 39.72 Not Required
B-C 63.03 54.06103 60.38168 60.63 51.6504 57.97854 39.72 not required
Reinforcement
MEMBER ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 103.37 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
B-C 103.87 268.50 100 ⁄ 100

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5.3.7. Summary of shear reinforcement for third floor beams

Table 5. 98: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-A

THIRED BEAM ON AXIS-A

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
1-2 39.84 30.84501 37.184 35.25 26.25151 32.59296 39.72 Not Required
2-3 74.99 66.00535 72.33705 75.17 66.20607 72.52317 39.72 Not required
5-6 75.23 66.25891 72.58106 74.94 65.96134 72.28882 39.72 Not required
6-7 35.75 26.75941 33.0953 39.33 30.37052 36.68448
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 182.01 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
2-3 132.5 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
5-6 132.4 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
6-7 137.66 268.50 180 ⁄ 180

Table 5. 99: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-B

THIRED FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-B

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
1-2 39.32 30.3628 36.67516 35.77 26.77438 33.11381 39.72 Not Required
2-3 75.28 66.30295 72.6293 74.89 65.91733 72.24059 39.72 Not required
3-4 25.7 16.69614 23.04138 49.38 40.38895 46.72516 39.72 Not required
4-5 49.75 40.78794 47.10372 25.33 16.33165 22.67301 39.72
5-6 74.95 65.97014 72.29847 75.21 66.2413 72.56176 39.72
6-7 36.75 27.77452 34.09976 38.33 29.35689 35.68046 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 153.12 268.50 150 ⁄ 150
2-3 132.32 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
3-4 139.02 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
4-5 137.66 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
5-6 132.43 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
6-7 191.25 268.50 190 ⁄ 190

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Table 5. 100: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-C

THIRED FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-C

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
1-2 39.17 30.20677 36.52338 35.92 26.93115 33.26581 39.72 Not Required
2-3 75.23 66.25891 72.58106 74.94 65.96134 72.28882 39.72 Not required
3-5 30.21 26.48508 29.11012 32.11 28.38583 31.01034 39.72 Not required
5-6 75.1 66.12334 72.44941 75.1 66.12334 72.44941 39.72
6-7 36.41 27.43122 33.75879 38.68 29.70765 36.03068 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 182.01 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
2-3 132.4 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
3-5 197.78 268.50 190 ⁄ 190
5-6 132.68 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
6-7 188.99 268.50 180 ⁄ 180

Table 5. 101: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-D

THIRED FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-D

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
1-2 38.9 29.91764 36.24773 36.2 27.22946 33.55122 39.72 Not Required
2-3 75.9 66.89131 73.23995 74.98 65.95397 72.31483 39.72 Not required
3-4 34.32 25.33311 31.66639 40.77 31.80413 38.1226 39.72 Not required
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 187.67 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
2-3 131.15 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
3-4 176.57 268.50 170 ⁄ 170

Table 5. 102: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-E

THIRED FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-E
MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
1-2 39.54 30.08761 36.74894 35.54 27.04385 33.03129 39.72 Not Required
2-3 75.15 66.17581 72.50014 75.02 66.04446 72.36974 39.72 Not required
3-4 36.06 27.08035 33.40853 39.03 30.0584 36.3809 39.72 Not required
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
2-3 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
3-4 186.79 268.50 170 ⁄ 170

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Table 5. 103: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-1

THIRED FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-1
MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
A-B 59.22 50.23977 56.568358 64.45 55.47997 61.80137 39.72 Not Required
B-C 63.22 54.24912 60.571117 60.45 51.47088 57.79868 39.72 Not required
C-D 23..10 13.51178 19.542965 21.06 12.06968 18.40538 39.72 Not required
D-E 62.88 53.90724 60.230562 60.78 51.80435 58.12971
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 101.21 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
B-C 102.37 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
C-D 415.61 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
D-E 104.15 268.50 100 ⁄ 100

Table 5. 104:Shear Reinforcement on Axis-2

THIRED FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-2

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
50.72232 56.633324 55.57466 61.90685
A-B 59.11 64.56 39.72 Not Required
54.26628 60.590279 51.44533 57.77
B-C 63.24 60.42 39.72 Not required
13.51156 19.542901 12.66571 19.31429
C-D 22.07 22.1 39.72 Not required
54.06155 60.402978 51.65093 57.95756
D-E 63.06 60.60 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 365.32 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
B-C 344.26 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
C-D 384.32 268.50 260 ⁄ 250
D-E 365.32 268.50 260 ⁄ 260

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 105: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-3

THIRED FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-3

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
51.12563 57.083631 55.17008 61.45616
A-B 59.58 64.09 39.72 Not Required
54.19763 60.513631 51.51345 57.84649
B-C 63.16 60.5 39.72 Not required
13.70134 19.817405 9.364605 14.28034
C-D 22.38 16.34 39.72 Not required
54.02726 60.364663 51.68502 57.99581
D-E 63.02 60.64 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
B-C 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
C-D 186.79 268.50 170 ⁄ 170
D-E 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180

Table 5. 106: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-4

THIRED FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-4

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
52.83017 59.151429 52.88146 59.20886
D-E 61.8 61.86 39.72 Not required
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
B-D 365.32 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
D-E 344.26 268.50 260 ⁄ 260

Table 5. 107: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-5

THIRED FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-5

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
51.06556 57.016564 55.22173 61.5137
A-B 59.51 64.15 39.72 Not Required
54.54943 61.420896 51.107 56.93014
B-C 64.30 59.37 39.72 not required
Reinforcement
MEMBER ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 365.32 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
B-C 344.26 268.50 260 ⁄ 260

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Table 5. 108: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-6

THIRED FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-6

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
A-B 59.04 51.067 57.02 64.62 55.234 61.514 39.72 Not Required
B-C 64.32 54.549 61.43 59.35 51.13 56.94 39.72 not required
Reinforcement
MEMBER ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
B-C 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130

Table 5. 109:Shear Reinforcement on Axis-7

THIRED FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-7

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
A-B 59.23 51.57 57.01 64.43 55.23 61.51 39.72 Not Required
B-C 64.20 54.35 61.22 59.46 51.13 56.42 39.72 not required
Reinforcement
MEMBER ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
B-C 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130

5.3.8. Summary of shear reinforcement for second floor beams

Table 5. 110: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-A

SECOND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-A

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
28.23355 33.720851 28.61659 35.97632
1-2 36.02 39.06 39.72 Not Required
66.89305 73.275704 65.3188 71.58465
2-3 75.95 74.21 39.72 Not required
65.37448 71.622228 66.84558 73.24759
5-6 74.24 75.93 39.72 Not required
29.55859 36.465882 27.50925 33.29557
6-7 39.36 35.72 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
2-3 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
5-6 186.79 268.50 170 ⁄ 170
6-7 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180

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Table 5. 111: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-B

SECOND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-B

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
28.18652 33.664681 28.66055 36.03158
1-2 35.96 39.12 39.72 Not Required
66.35579 72.687183 65.86452 72.18271
2-3 75.34 74.83 39.72 Not required
24.04006 28.71234 32.53617 40.90395
3-4 30.67 44.41 39.72 Not required
34.79597 41.747391 22.4952 28.08
4-5 44.66 30.42 39.72
65.92925 72.230014 66.22933 72.57232
5-6 74.87 75.23 39.72
31.18859 37.250213 25.85457 32.50395
6-7 39.79 35.29 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
2-3 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
3-4 186.79 268.50 170 ⁄ 170
4-5 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
5-6 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
6-7 186.79 268.50 170 ⁄ 170

Table 5. 112: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-C

SECOND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-C

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
26.29415 33.056579 30.71829 36.68851
1-2 35.89 39.19 39.72 Not Required
66.27653 72.600352 65.94374 72.26953
2-3 75.25 74.92 39.72 Not required
30.11594 32.994076 31.25271 34.24588
3-5 34.2 35.5 39.72 Not required
66.09157 72.397746 66.12858 72.4721
5-6 75.04 75.13 39.72
30.85357 37.017391 26.27398 32.79692
6-7 39.60 35.53 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
2-3 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
3-5 186.79 268.50 170 ⁄ 170
5-6 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
6-7 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 113: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-D

SECOND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-D

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
27.83833 33.399783 29.10622 36.33231
1-2 35.73 39.36 39.72 Not Required
66.21487 72.532817 66.00535 72.33705
2-3 75.18 74.99 39.72 Not required
33.45093 36.642676 32.6638 35.79715
3-4 37.98 37.11 39.72 Not required
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
2-3 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
3-4 186.79 268.50 170 ⁄ 170

Table 5. 114: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-E

SECOND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-E

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
28.19673 33.829783 28.75866 35.89846
1-2 36.19 38.89 39.72 Not Required
66.17964 72.494225 66.04056 72.37564
2-3 75.14 75.03 39.72 Not required
34.63994 37.945141 31.46675 34.48526
3-4 39.33 35.75 39.72 Not required
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
2-3 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
3-4 186.79 268.50 170 ⁄ 170

Table 5. 115: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-1

SECOND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-1

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
A-B 58.17 49.349 55.565373 65.49 56.37523 62.79863 39.72 Not Required
B-C 63.99 54.28644 61.124776 59.67 51.36524 57.21781 39.72 Not required
C-D 21.81 13.35238 19.312672 22.36 12.81472 19.54151 39.72 Not required
D-E 63.56 54.8803 60.997097 60.11 50.80028 57.36107 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 101.21 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
B-C 102.37 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
C-D 415.61 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
D-E 104.15 268.50 100 ⁄ 100

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 116: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-2

SECOND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-2

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
49.28113 55.488955 56.44409 62.87534
A-B 58.09 65.57 39.72 Not Required
54.30341 61.143881 51.34803 57.19863
B-C 64.01 59.65 39.72 Not required
12.91159 18.675115 13.22163 20.16202
C-D 21.09 23.07 39.72 Not required
54.99255 61.121855 50.69041 57.23701
D-E 63.69 59.98 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 101.21 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
B-C 102.37 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
C-D 415.61 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
D-E 104.15 268.50 100 ⁄ 100

Table 5. 117: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-3

SECOND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-3

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
49.53564 55.775522 56.18585 62.58767
A-B 58.39 -65.27 39.72 Not Required
54.21857 61.048358 51.44272 57.30411
B-C 63.91 -59.76 39.72 Not required
12.86873 18.61313 13.26748 20.23193
C-D 21.02 -23.15 39.72 Not required
54.94074 61.064274 50.74112 57.29427
D-E 63.63 -60.04
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 101.21 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
B-C 102.37 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
C-D 415.61 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
D-E 104.15 268.50 100 ⁄ 100

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 118: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-4

SECOND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-4

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
B-D - - 39.72 Not Required
52.51337 59.128358 53.16436 59.22192
D-E 61.9 61.76 39.72 Not required
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
B-D 101.21 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
D-E 102.37 268.50 100 ⁄ 100

Table 5. 119: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-5

SECOND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-5

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
49.41687 55.641791 56.31497 62.73151
A-B 58.25 65.42 39.72 Not Required
55.49959 62.490746 50.14288 55.85616
B-C 65.42 58.25 39.72 not required
Reinforcement
MEMBER ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 101.21 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
B-C 102.37 268.50 100 ⁄ 100

Table 5. 120: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-6

SECOND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-6

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
49.14539 55.336119 56.59043 63.03836
A-B 57.93 65.74 39.72 Not Required
55.63533 62.643582 50.01375 55.71233
B-C 65.58 58.10 39.72 not required
Reinforcement
MEMBER ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B ⁄ 20
B-C ⁄ 130

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 121: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-7

SECOND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-7

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
49.21587 55.261781 56.45597 62.86151
A-B -58.06 65.60 39.72 Not Required
55.48756 62.350146 50.14288 55.83316
B-C 65.50 -58.17 39.72 not required
Reinforcement
MEMBER ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
B-C 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130

5.3.9. Summary of shear reinforcement for first floor beams

Table 5. 122: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-A

FIRST FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-A

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
24.79958 31.177632 32.13134 38.55043
1-2 33.85 41.24 39.72 Not Required
64.19795 70.323451 68.01218 74.53639
2-3 72.89 77.27 39.72 Not required
66.06696 72.404575 66.15322 72.46528
3-5 75.06 75.11 39.72 Not required
67.96817 74.48816 64.2508 70.38134
5-6 77.22 72.95 39.72
31.28209 37.531522 24.85819 31.25132
6-7 40.15 33.93 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 101.21 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
2-3 102.37 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
5-6 415.61 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
6-7 104.15 268.50 100 ⁄ 100

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Table 5. 123: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-B

FIRST FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-B

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
24.33069 30.588158 32.62219 39.13935
1-2 33.21 41.87 39.72 Not Required
66.22368 72.542465 65.98775 72.31776
2-3 75.19 74.97 39.72 Not required
32.22371 35.314835 33.89131 37.12507
3-4 36.61 38.48 39.72 Not required
33.91367 37.16691 32.19146 35.26303
4-5 38.53 36.55 39.72
65.98775 72.317759 66.22368 72.54246
5-6 74.97 75.19 39.72
32.80918 39.363696 24.15486 30.36711
6-7 42.11 32.97 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 101.21 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
2-3 102.37 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
3-4 415.61 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
4-5 104.15 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
5-6 101.21 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
6-7 102.37 268.50 100 ⁄ 100

Table 5. 124: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-C

FIRST FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-C

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
24.34535 30.606579 32.60661 39.12065
1-2 33.23 41.85 39.72 Not Required
66.23249 72.552113 65.97894 72.30811
2-3 75.20 74.96 39.72 Not required
34.14252 37.417712 34.7104 38.02232
3-5 38.79 39.41 39.72 Not required
66.04056 72.375637 66.17964 72.49423
5-6 75.03 75.14 39.72
32.80139 39.354348 24.16219 30.37632
6-7 42.10 32.98 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 101.21 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
2-3 102.37 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
3-5 415.61 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
5-6 104.15 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
6-7 101.21 268.50 100 ⁄ 100

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Table 5. 125: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-D

FIRST FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-D

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
25.82817 30.988043 30.71924 38.61974
1-2 33.15 41.93 39.72 Not Required
66.18845 72.503873 66.06515 72.3688
2-3 75.15 75.01 39.72 Not required
32.18588 38.61587 24.74097 31.10395
3-4 41.31 33.77 39.72 Not required
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 101.21 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
2-3 102.37 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
3-4 415.61 268.50 260 ⁄ 260

Table 5. 126: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-E

FIRST FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-E

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
1-2 33.44 26.05412 31.25913 41.64 30.50678 38.35263 39.72 Not Required
2-3 75.14 66.17964 72.494225 75.02 66.07395 72.37845 39.72 Not required
3-4 42.15 32.84035 39.401087 32.93 24.12556 30.33026 39.72 Not required
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
2-3 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
3-4 186.79 268.50 170 ⁄ 170

Table 5. 127: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-1

FIRST FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-1

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
A-B 57.61 48.87392 55.030448 66.06 56.8659 63.34521 39.72 Not Required
B-C 64.59 54.79546 61.69791 59.08 50.85736 56.65205 39.72 Not required
C-D 20.39 12.48304 18.055267 23.78 13.62854 20.78252 39.72 Not required
D-E 63.77 55.06162 61.198629 59.89 50.61435 57.15113 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 101.21 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
B-C 102.37 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
C-D 415.61 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
D-E 104.15 268.50 100 ⁄ 100

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Table 5. 128: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-2

FIRST FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-2

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
48.8315 54.982687 56.90033 63.38356
A-B 57.56 66.10 39.72 Not Required
54.79546 61.69791 50.85736 56.65205
B-C 64.59 59.08 39.72 Not required
12.23815 17.701069 13.85205 21.12336
C-D 19.99 24.17 39.72 Not required
55.1048 61.246613 50.58055 57.11296
D-E 63.82 59.85 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 101.21 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
B-C 102.37 268.50 100 ⁄ 100
C-D 415.61 268.50 260 ⁄ 260
D-E 104.15 268.50 100 ⁄ 100

Table 5. 129: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-3

FIRST FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-3

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
48.96724 55.135522 56.7626 63.23014
A-B 57.72 65.94 39.72 Not Required
54.74456 61.640597 50.9004 56.7
B-C 64.53 59.13 39.72 Not required
12.06061 17.444275 14.36785 21.90992
C-D 19.70 25.07 39.72 Not required
55.05299 61.189032 50.6228 57.16067
D-E 63.76 59.90 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
B-C 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
C-D 186.79 268.50 170 ⁄ 170
D-E 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180

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Table 5. 130: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-4

FIRST FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-4

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK

B-D - - 39.72 Not Required

53.42109 59.375242 52.22854 58.97378
D-E 61.87 61.80 39.72 Not required
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
B-D ⁄ 50
D-E ⁄ 190

Table 5. 131: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-5

FIRST FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-5

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
48.92482 55.087761 56.90033 63.38356
A-B 57.67 66.1 39.72 Not Required
56.50066 63.61791 49.15293 54.75342
B-C 66.6 57.1 39.72 not required
Reinforcement
MEMBER ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B ⁄ 20
B-C ⁄ 130

Table 5. 132: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-6

FIRST FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-6
MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
48.81482 55.087761 56.95623 63.59356
A-B -57.27 66.39 39.72 Not Required
56.55666 63.61791 49.26293 54.86342
B-C 66.18 -57.5 39.72 not required
Reinforcement
MEMBER ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
B-C 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130

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Table 5. 133: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-7

FIRST FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-7

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
48.95482 55.087761 56.95623 63.59226
A-B 57.31 -66.36 39.72 Not Required
56.50275 63.61791 49.26293 54.86335
B-C 66.1 -57.57 39.72 not required
Reinforcement
MEMBER ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B ⁄ 20
B-C ⁄ 130

5.3.10. Summary of shear reinforcement for ground floor beams

Table 5. 134: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-A

GROUND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-A

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
24.16219 30.376316 32.80918 39.3637
1-2 32.98 42.11 39.72 Not Required
65.09632 71.307535 67.12319 73.56212
2-3 73.91 76.26 39.72 Not required
66.05816 72.394929 66.16203 72.47493
3-5 75.05 75.12 39.72 Not required
67.06158 73.494599 65.14916 71.36542
5-6 76.19 73.97 39.72
32.63777 39.158043 24.31604 30.56974
6-7 41.89 33.19 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
2-3 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
5-6 186.79 268.50 170 ⁄ 170
6-7 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180

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Table 5. 135: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-B

GROUND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-B

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
14.43284 18.144737 32.84035 39.40109
1-2 32.93 42.15 39.72 Not Required
29.00314 31.770493 66.14441 72.45563
2-3 75.1 75.1 39.72 Not required
64.19977 71.881429 11.5192 28.56
3-4 39.38 35.7 39.72 Not required
29.98796 36.606761 29.96647 36.62156
4-5 35.67 39.41 39.72
26.13297 32.853947 58.49711 70.18348
5-6 75.09 75.08 39.72
66.09337 72.433514 28.96791 31.7319
6-7 42.19 32.89 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
2-3 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
3-4 186.79 268.50 170 ⁄ 170
4-5 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
5-6 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
6-7 186.79 268.50 170 ⁄ 170

Table 5. 136: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-C

GROUND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-C

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
24.17684 30.394737 27.81496 33.37174
1-2 33.0 42.1 39.72 Not Required
66.14441 72.455634 34.68824 38.01578
2-3 75.1 75.07 39.72 Not required
35.43262 38.813451 66.08457 72.42387
3-5 40.23 40.40 39.72 Not required
66.10217 72.44316 28.96791 31.7319
5-6 75.1 75.08 39.72
32.8871 39.457174 24.31604 30.56974
6-7 42.21 32.85 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
2-3 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
3-5 186.79 268.50 170 ⁄ 170
5-6 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
6-7 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130

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Table 5. 137: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-D

GROUND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-D

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
24.25011 30.486842 25.78922 30.9413
1-2 33.1 42.02 39.72 Not Required
66.15322 72.465282 66.11097 72.45281
2-3 75.11 75.06 39.72 Not required
36.82421 40.337817 36.80069 40.33087
3-4 41.81 33.28 39.72 Not required
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 ⁄ 50
2-3 ⁄ 190
3-4

Table 5. 138: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-E

GROUND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-E

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
18.27183 22.971053 32.59103 39.10196
1-2 24.94 41.83 39.72 Not Required
66.17084 72.484577 66.04056 72.37564
2-3 75.13 75.03 39.72 Not required
30.99032 38.960526 25.57885 30.68891
3-4 42.3 32.83 39.72 Not required
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
1-2 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
2-3 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
3-4 186.79 268.50 170 ⁄ 170

Table 5. 139: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-1

GROUND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-1

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
A-B 58.46 49.59502 55.842388 65.21 56.1342 62.53014 39.72 Not Required
B-C 64.16 54.43066 61.287164 59.51 51.22751 57.06438 39.72 Not required
C-D 20.93 12.81363 18.533435 23.24 13.31906 20.31059 39.72 Not required
D-E 63.04 54.43131 60.498065 60.62 51.23129 57.84774 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
B-C 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
C-D 186.79 268.50 170 ⁄ 170
D-E 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180

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Table 5. 140: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-2

GROUND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-2
MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
49.56109 55.804179 56.16002 62.5589
A-B 58.42 65.24 39.72 Not Required
54.4137 61.26806 51.23612 57.07397
B-C 64.14 59.52 39.72 Not required
12.69119 18.356336 13.42795 20.47664
C-D 20.73 23.43 39.72 Not required
54.43995 60.507661 51.23129 57.84774
D-E 63.05 60.62 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
B-C 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
C-D 186.79 268.50 170 ⁄ 170
D-E 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180

Table 5. 141: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-3

GROUND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-3

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
49.42535 55.651343 56.30636 62.72192
A-B 58.26 65.41 39.72 Not Required
54.32038 61.162985 51.33942 57.18904
B-C 64.03 59.64 39.72 Not required
12.87485 18.621985 13.26175 20.22319
C-D 21.03 23.14 39.72 Not required
54.37087 60.430887 51.29045 57.91454
D-E 62.97 60.69 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
B-C 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130
C-D 186.79 268.50 170 ⁄ 170
D-E 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
Table 5. 142: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-4

GROUND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-4

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
52.33522 58.927761 53.34513 59.42329
A-B 61.69 61.97 39.72 Not Required
52.41157 59.013731 53.27627 59.34658
D-E 61.78 61.89 39.72 Not required
Reinforcement
MEMBE ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
B-D ⁄ 50
D-E ⁄ 190

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 5. 143: Shear Reinforcement on Axis-5

GROUND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-5

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
49.349 55.565373 56.37523 62.79863
A-B 58.17 65.49 39.72 Not Required
52.50489 59.118806 53.19879 59.26027
B-C 61.89 61.8 39.72 not required
27.05985 39.138931 0 0
C-D 44.2 0 39.72
Reinforcement
MEMBER ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B ⁄ 20
B-C ⁄ 130

Table 5. 144:Shear Reinforcement on Axis-6

GROUND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-6

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
49.45928 55.689552 56.28915 62.70274
A-B 58.3 65.39 39.72 Not Required
55.16025 62.108657 50.48721 56.23973
B-C 65.02 58.65 39.72 not required
Reinforcement
MEMBER ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
B-C 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130

Table 5. 145Shear Reinforcement on Axis-7

GROUND FLOOR BEAM ON AXIS-7

MEMBER ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , , ( ) REMARK
49.44232 55.670448 56.28915 62.70274
A-B 58.28 65.39 39.72 Not Required
55.19419 62.146866 50.44416 56.19178
B-C 65.06 58.6 39.72 not required
Reinforcement
MEMBER ( ) ( ) ( ) Shear Reinforcement
A-B 186.61 268.50 180 ⁄ 180
B-C 132.58 268.50 130 ⁄ 130

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

CHAPTER-SIX: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF COLUMN

6.1. INTRUDUCTION

The reinforced concrete column is a vertical structural member designed to carry mainly
compressive loads although they may have to resist bending forces and able to carry the
superstructure part finally transfer load to the foundation or substructure. Member carrying
mainly of axial load may be vertical, horizontal or inclined. When a member carrying mainly
axial load is vertical, it is termed as columns while if it is inclined or horizontal, it is termed as a
strut. Columns carry loads from slabs or beams to the foundation. Although they are mainly
subjected to axial compression forces, in many cases columns are subjected to bending moments
about one or both axes of the cross section due to eccentric loading or transverse loading. In
building structures, a reinforced concrete column are subjected to axial force and bending
moment which may be due to end restraint arising from monolithic placement of floor beams and
columns or due to eccentricity from imperfect alignment. Because of the occurrence of these
moments, the axial load capacity of columns, which they are intended for, decreases
substantially. Interaction diagrams are usually used to describe the interaction between moment
and axial load in a column, and determine the failure loads.

Figure 6. 1: Column Layout

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6.1.1. Effective Length of the column

The effective length of a column is defined as that length of the column which takes part in
bucking under the action of loads. This is also defined as the length between the points of contra
flexure (change of slope of the elastic curve or points of zero moments) of the buckled column.

The unsupported length of column is the clear length or height between the floor and the lower
level of the ceiling.

The deflected shape depends upon the type of end supports or degree of end restraints. The
design of column is done on the basis of effective length. According to ES EN-2, 1992-1-
1:2015, gives the values of effective length for various end conditions in terms of its unsupported
length from Figure 6.2 shown below may serve this purpose.

Figure 6. 2: Effective length factors for centrally loaded columns with various idealized conditions

6.1.2. Slenderness ratio of a column According to ES EN-2, 1992-1-1:2015

The slenderness ratio ‘ ’ of column is defined as the ratio of the effective buckling length ( )
to the radius of gyration. The slenderness ratio of a column bent about an axis is given by

= =
⁄
Where:
ℎ ℎ ℎ ℎ
ℎ ℎ

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ℎ ℎ ℎ
ℎ − ℎ
According to ES EN-2. 1992-1-1:2015, gives two formulae for calculating the effective height:
a) For braced members:

= 0.5 1− 1+
0.45 + 0.45 +

b) For unbraced members the larger of:

∗
= 1 + 10
+

And

= 1+ 1+
1+ 1+

In the above formulae are the relative flexibilities of the rotational restraints at ends
‘1’ and ‘2’ of the column respectively. At each end can be taken as:

( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ )
= = =
∑ ∑ 2( ⁄ ) ∑ 2( ⁄ )

It is assumed that any column above or below the column under consideration does not
contribute anything to the rotational restraint of the joint and that the stiffness of each connecting
beam is taken as (2 ⁄ ) to allow for cracking effects in the beam.

Hence, for a typical column in a symmetrical frame with spans of approximately equal length, as
shown in figure 6.3. Can be calculated as:

( ⁄ ) ( ⁄ ) 1( ⁄ )
= = = = = =
∑ ∑ 2( ⁄ ) 2 ∗ 2( ⁄ ) 4 ( ⁄ )

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Non failing

Beam

End 1

Non failing

End 2

Non failing

Note: the effective contribution of the non-failing column to the joint stiffness may be ignored

Figure 6. 3: Effective length calculations for a column in a symmetrical frame

6.1.3. Limiting slenderness ratio-short or slender columns

ES EN-2, 1992-1-1:2015, places an upper limit on the slenderness ratio of a single member
below which second order effects may be ignored. This limit is given by:

20 × × ×
=
√
Where:
1
= ( , = 0.7 )
1 + 0.2
= √1 + 2 ( , , , = 1.1 )

= 1.7 − ( , = 0.7 − )

= ⁄( )

= ℎ ℎ

= ⁄

, h ,| | ≥| |

= ⁄( )( , , = 1.1 )

= ℎ ℎ ℎ

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= ℎ ℎ ℎ
= ℎ
= ℎ ℎ

If the actual slenderness ratio is less than the calculated value of then the column can be
treated as short. Otherwise the column must be treated as slender and second order effects must
be accounted for in the design of the column.

6.1.4. Reinforcement in a column

Concrete is strong in compression. Thus, a column can be made up of plain concrete but it is
always advisable to use reinforced concrete columns instead of plain concrete columns because
of following reasons:
1. A plain concrete column requires very large area as compared to reinforced concrete
column. We have seen earlier that steel can take load m-times that of concrete of the
same area. For a particular load, the section of an reinforced concrete column will be
much thinner than that of plain concrete. Thus by using reinforced concrete columns a lot
of space can be saved as the size of the column will be less.
2. A minimum area of steel is always provided in the column whether it is required for
carrying load or not. It is done to resist tensile stresses which may be caused due to
eccentricity of loads.(It is practically impossible to have a perfectly axially loaded
structural).
There are two types of reinforcements provided in a reinforced concrete column.
(a) Longitudinal reinforcement
(b) Transverse reinforcement

6.1.4.1.Longitudinal Reinforcement

The longitudinal reinforcement consists of steel bars placed longitudinally in a column. It is also
called as main steel. The functions of longitudinal reinforcement are as follows:

(i) To share the compressive loads along with concrete, thus reducing the overall size of the
column and leaving more usable area.
(ii) To resist tensile stresses developed due to any moment or accidental eccentricity.
(iii) To impart ductility to the column.

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(iv) To reduce the effect of creep and shrinkage due to continuous constant loading applied
for a long time.

6.1.4.2.Transverse Reinforcement

The transverse reinforcement is provided along the lateral direction of the column in the form of
ties or spirals enclosing the main steel. The function of transverse steel area as following:

(i) To hold the longitudinal bars in position.

(ii) To prevent buckling of the main longitudinal bars.
(iii) To resist diagonal tension caused due to transverse shear developed because of any
moment or load.
(iv) To impart ductility to the column.
(v) To prevent longitudinal splitting or bulging out concrete by confining it in the core.

6.2. ACCORDING TO ES EN-2, 1992-1-1:2015 SPECIFICATION READING COLUMN

6.2.1. Cover
The minimum clear distance between the bars should be the greater of the bar diameter,
aggregate size plus 5 mm or 20 mm or the nominal cover for a longitudinal reinforcing bar in
column shall not be less than any of the following: (i) 40mm ; (ii) the diameter of the bar.

In the case of small sized columns of minimum dimension of 200mm or under whose reinforcing
bar do not exceed 14mm, a nominal cover of 25 mm may be used.

6.2.2. Minimum Eccentricity

All columns shall be designed for minimum eccentricity given by:
ℎ⁄30
≥ ⁄400 ℎ ℎ )
20
6.2.3. Longitudinal Reinforcement:
a) A minimum of four bars is required in a rectangular column (one bar in each corner) and
six bars in a circular column. Longitudinal bars should have a diameter of not less than
8mm.
b) The total amount of longitudinal reinforcement should not be less than , . The
minimum area of steel is given by

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0.10
, =
0.002
Where:
is the design yield strength of the reinforcement
is the design axial compression force
c) The area of longitudinal reinforcement should not exceed , .
The maximum are of steel, at laps is given by
,
< 0.08

Where the total area of is is longitudinal steel and is the cross-section area of
,
the column. Otherwise, in regions away from laps: < 0.04

6.2.4. Transvers or Lateral reinforcement:

1) The diameter of the transverse reinforcement (links, loops or helical spiral reinforcement)
should not be less than 6 mm or one quarter of the maximum diameter of the
longitudinal bars, whichever is the greater.
2) The transverse reinforcement should be anchored adequately.
3) Maximum spacing should not exceed the lesser of 20 times size of the smallest
compression bar or the least lateral dimension of the column or 400mm. This spacing
should be reduced by a factor of 0.60.
(a) For a distance equal to the larger lateral dimension of the column above and below
a beam or slab, and
(b) At lapped joints of longitudinal bars > 14 diameter.
4) The minimum clear distance between the bars should be the greater of the bar diameter,
aggregate size plus 5 mm or 20 mm. No longitudinal bar should be further than 150 mm
from transverse reinforcement (links) in the compression zone

6.2.5. Design of Columns for Uniaxial Bending

A column is said to be uniaxial if it is loaded with a bending moment about one axis in addition
to axial force. For the design of such a column interaction charts are prepared using non-
dimensional parameters , in which

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Normal force ratio, ν =

Moment ratios ∶ = ℎ

In using these charts for design, the following procedures may be adopted
ℎ′
- Given: & ℎ =
- Assume a cross-section ⁄ℎ ℎ
′
ℎ′
′
- Assume a cross section, ℎ and evaluate to choose appropriate
chart number
′
- Calculate using equation (6.7), then Select suitable chart which satisfy
ratio.
- If the coordinate ( , ) is within the boundary of curves. If the coordinate ( , )
lies outside the chart, the cross section is small and a new trail needs to be mode or
cross-section.

- The coordinate ( , ) then select the value of ′ ′.

- Compute:

, =

- Check , satisfies the maximum and minimum provisions

- Determine the distribution of bars in accordance with the charts requirement to seen
Appendix C.

6.2.6. Design of slender columns

For building a design method may be used which assumes the compression members to be
isolated and adopts a simplified shape for the deformed axis of the column. The additional
eccentricity induced in the column by its deflection is then calculated as a function of
slenderness ratio.

A column is classified as slender if the slenderness ratio about either axis exceeds the value of
. If ≤ then the column may be classified as short and the slenderness effect may be
neglected.

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A slender column with > must be designed for an additional moment caused by its
curvature at ultimate conditions. ES EN -2, 1992-1-1:2015 identifies four different approaches to
designing slender columns:

1. A general method based on a non-linear analysis of the structure and allowing for second-
order effects that necessitates the use of computer analysis.
2. A second-order analysis based on nominal stiffness values of the beams and columns
that, again, required computer analysis using a process of iterative analysis.
3. The ‘moment magnification’ method where the design moments are obtained by
factoring the first-order moments.
4. The ‘nominal curvature’ method where second-order moments are determined from an
estimation of the column curvature. These second-order moments are added to the first-
order moments to give the total column design moment.

The expressions given in ES EN-2, 1992-1-1:2015 for the additional moments where derived by
studying the moment/curvature behaviour for a member subject to bending plus axial load. The
equations for calculating the design moments are only applicable to columns of a rectangular or
circular section with symmetrical reinforcement.

6.2.6.1.Braced slender column

The design bending moment is illustrated in Figure 6.4 and defined as:

= +
+ 0.5
Where:
+
=
| |+
+
=
| |+
 is minimum eccentricity using equation (6.4).
 , = ℎ ℎ ,
 For members without loads applied between their ends, differing first order end
moments may be replaced by an equivalent first order end moment :

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

0.6 + 0.4
=
0.4
Should have the same sign if they give tension on the same side, otherwise
opposite signs. Furthermore, | |≥| |.
 The nominal second order moment :
=
Where:
is the design value of axial force
is the deflection due to second order effect

Figure 6. 4: Design bending moments

A non-slender column can be designed ignoring second order effects and therefore the ultimate
design moment, = .

6.2.6.2.Nominal curvature method

The second-order eccentricity is an estimate of the deflection of the column at failure and is
given by the equation

1
= = 0.1
0.45
Where

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1 1
ℎ , =

1
= , = & = 10
0.45
( − )
= ≤1
( − )
Where:

- = ⁄ ,
- ℎ
- =1+
- ℎ ; ℎ 0.4 .
- = ⁄( )
- ℎ
- ℎ
Or
−
= ≤ 1.0
−

Where: ℎ ℎ ℎ

= 0.567 + 0.87
And is the axial load at balanced failure and may be taken as approximately
= 0.29 for symmetrical reinforcement.

= 1 + 0.35 + − ≥1
200 150
= 2.3.1
= = (∞, )× ⁄
(∞, )=

6.2.7. Design of column under Bi-axial bending

There are situations in which axial compression is accompanied by simultaneous bending about
both principal axes of the section. This is the case in corner columns, interior or edge columns
with irregular column layout.

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However interaction charts prepared for biaxial bending can be used for actual design. The
procedure involves:

Given , = & =
′ ′
Assume a cross section dimensions ℎ⁄ and evaluate and

Calculate , using equation 6.15:

, = ,

, = , & =
ℎ

′ ′
Select suitable chart which satisfy and ratio:

Enter the chart to obtain

Compute area reinforcement:

, =

Check , satisfies the maximum and minimum provisions

Determine the distribution of bars in accordance with the charts requirements see appendix C.

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6.3. SAMPLE OF CALCULATION FOR COLUMN

6.3.1. Roof column: column 1A
Table 6. 1: column 1A
( . ) ( . ) Axial
Column force(KN)
1A 16.48 21.98 -21.81 24.63 48.01 0.32 0.32 0.54 0.54 6.28

ALONG X-DIRECTION

EBCS-2, 2013, gives two formulae for calculating the effective height:

⁄
=
∑2 ⁄

Where
ℎ (250)(400)
= = = 1333.3 × 10
12 12
ℎ (250)(400)
= = = 1333.3 × 10
12 12
1333.3 × 10 ⁄3270
= = = 0.32
2(1333.3 × 10 ⁄4250 + 1333.3 ∗ 10 /1400)

For unbraced members:

= 1+ 1+
1+ 1+

0.32 0.32
= 1+ 1+
1 + 0.32 1 + 0.32

= 1 + 10 ∗ ; 1+ 1+
+ 1+ 1+

0.32 ∗ 0.32 0.32 0.32

= 1 + 10 ∗ ; 1+ 1+
0.32 + 0.32 1 + 0.32 1 + 0.32

= {1.61; 1.54}

= 1.610 = 1.61 ∗ 3.27

= 5.26

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ALONG Y-DIRECTION
⁄
=
∑2 ⁄

Where

ℎ (250)(400)
= = = 1333.3 × 10
12 12
ℎ (250)(400)
= = = 1333.3 × 10
12 12
1333.3 × 10 ⁄3270 407737
= = = = 0.54
4(1333.3 × 10 ⁄7000) 761885.71

 For unbraced members:

= 1 + 10 ∗ ; 1+ 1+
+ 1+ 1+

0.54 ∗ 0.54 0.54 0.54

= 1 + 10 ∗ ; 1+ 1+
0.54 + 0.54 1 + 0.54 1 + 0.54

= {1.92 ; 1.82}

= 1.92 = 1.92 ∗ 3.27

= 6.28

= {5.26 ; 6.28 }

= 6.28

ℎ , = 8.24

Actual slenderness ratio



6280
= = =
⁄ 1333.3 × 10 ⁄(250 ∗ 400)

= 54.39
 Limiting slenderness ration:

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BCS-2, 2015, places an upper limit on the slenderness ratio of a single member below
which second order effects may be ignored. This limit is given by:

20 × × ×
=
√
Where:
1
=
1 + 0.2
= √1 + 2
= 1.7 −

= ( 0.7)

= ⁄( )( 1.1)

= ℎ ℎ ℎ

= ℎ ℎ ℎ

= ℎ

= ⁄( )

= ℎ ℎ

= ⁄ ( ℎ 0.7)

For unbraced column:

= 0.7, = 1.1, = 0.7

20 × × × 20 × 0.7 × 1.1 × 0.7

= =
√ ⁄( )

10.78
=
⁄( )

Where:

0.85
= = 17

48.01
⁄( )= = 0.02824
250 ∗ 400 ∗ 17

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

10.78 10.78
= = = 64.15 > = 54.39
⁄( ) √0.02824

Therefore, the column is short

For a braced column the minimum limiting value of will be given by taken = 1.7.
Hence:
20 × × × 20 × 0.7 × 1.1 × 1.7 26.2
= = =
√ ⁄( ) ⁄( )

26.2 26.2
== = = 155.91 > = 54.39
⁄( ) 0.16805

Therefore, second order effect can be neglected.

Therefore, the column is short.

= 48.01

= 16.48 .

= 21.98 .

= −21.81 .

= 24.63 .

ALONG X-DIRECTION

 Equivalent eccentricities:
0.6e + 0.4e
e ≥
0.4e

 Eccentricities are:
M 21.98
e = = = 0.45782m = 457.82mm
N 48.01

M 16.48
e = = = 0.3433m = 343.3mm
N 48.01

0.6e + 0.4e = 0.6(0.45782) + (0.4 ∗ 0.3433) = 0.412m

⇒e ≥
0.4e = 0.4 ∗ (0.45782) = 0.18313m

Therefore the equivalent eccentricity

⇒ e = 0.412m = 412mm

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 The accidental eccentricities is :

=
2
Where:

1
=
250
2 2
= ; ≤ ≤1
√ 3

2 2
= = 1.1547 ; ≤ ≤1
√3 3

> 1, ℎ , =1

1 1
= 0.5 1 + = 0.5 1 + =1 =1
1

1⁄250 ∗ 6.28
⇒ = = = 0.0125
2 2

 Total eccentricities,
, = + = 0.412m + 0.0125 = 0.425
= 425

ALONG Y-DIRECTION

 Equivalent eccentricities:
0.6e + 0.4e
e ≥
0.4e

 Eccentricities are:
M 24.63
e = = = 0.513m = 513mm
N 48.01

M 21.81
e = = = 0.4543m = 454.28mm
N 48.01

0.6e + 0.4e = 0.6(513) + (0.4 ∗ 454.28) = 489.51mm

⇒e ≥
0.4e = 0.4 ∗ (513) = 205.2mm

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Therefore the equivalent eccentricity

⇒ e = 489.51mm

 The accidental eccentricities is :

=
2
Where:

1
=
250
2 2
= ; ≤ ≤1
√ 3

2 2
= = 1.1547 ; ≤ ≤1
√3 3

> 1, ℎ , =1

1 1
= 0.5 1 + = 0.5 1 + =1 =1
1

1⁄250 ∗ 6.28
⇒ = = = 0.0125
2 2

 Total eccentricities,
, = + = 0.48951m + 0.0125 = 0.5021

, = 502.1

 Total Moment is:

= , = 48.01 (0.425)

= 20.40

= , = 48.01 (0.5021)

= 24.11

 Normal force ratio, :

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48.01 × 10
= = = 0.0282
250 ∗ 400 ∗ 17

 Moment ratio:
20.55 × 10
= = = 0.037
ℎ 250 ∗ 400 ∗ 17 ∗ 327

24.26 × 10
= = = 0.057
250 ∗ 400 ∗ 17 ∗ 250

From Bi axial, chart number 1 and 5:

From the design of beam in chapter (2) the nominal cover provided was = 26 . We used a
longitidunial bar of diameter of 14mm, and the transverse reinforcement 8mm.

= 26 + + = 26 + 8 + 8
2
= 42

42 42
ℎ′⁄ℎ = = 0.128 ′⁄ = = 0.168
327 250
Therefore, using

= 0.002 , = 0.0282 , = 0.037, = 0.057

By using chart number 1& chart number 5

Chart number 1:

ℎ′⁄ℎ = ′⁄ = 0.1

= 0.0

, = 0.037
⇒ = 0.049
, = 0.057

= 0.1

, = 0.037
⇒ =0
, = 0.057

Using inter pollution for = 0.0282

0.00 0.049

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0.0282
0.1 0
= 0.035 = 0.0282

Chart number 5:

ℎ′⁄ℎ = ′⁄ = 0.2

= 0.0

, = 0.037
⇒ = 0.036
, = 0.057

= 0.1

, = 0.037
⇒ =0
, = 0.057

Using inter pollution for = 0.0282

0.00 0.036
0.0282
0.1 0.0
= 0.0251 = 0.282

Now from chart number 1: = 0.035

From chart number 5: = 0.0251

If we interpolate for the given ℎ′⁄ℎ = ′⁄ = = 0.168

Chart 1 ℎ′⁄ℎ = ′⁄ = 0.1 = 0.035

Required ℎ′⁄ℎ = ′⁄ = = 0.168 =?

Chart 5 ℎ′⁄ℎ = ′⁄ = 0.2 = 0.0251

⇒ = 0.028
Therefore use = 0.028

 Reinforcement:
0.028 ∗ (250 ∗ 400) ∗ 17
, = =
347.83
= 138.16

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

 Check : , ≤ , ≤ ,

The minimum reinforcement:

0.10 N Ed
As, min = max f yd
0.002
48.01KN
As, min = max 0.1 ∗= 13.80 mm²
347.83
0.002 ∗ 250 ∗ 400 = 200 ²

As, min = 200 mm²

The maximum reinforcement:
, = 0.04 = 0.04 ∗ 250 ∗ 400

= 4000

 For columns having a polygonal cross-section, at least one bar should be placed at
each corner.
use 4Φ ( , = 804.25 )

, ≤ , ≤ ,

⇒ 200 mm² ≤ 804.25 ≤ 4000

Therefore, it is ok!

 Lateral Reinforcement:

20Φ = 20 ∗ 16 = 320
, ≤ ( ) = 250 ⇒ , = 250
400

6
16
Φ ≥ = =4 ⇒Φ =6
4 4

240
S≤ = 250 ⇒ = 192
12 = 12 ∗ 16 = 192

use Φ / 190
 Reinforcement layout:

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

26mm 198mm 26mm

26mm 348 mm 26mm

60

400 mm
340
2Φ

190
250 mm

6
⁄ 190 , = 1180

 Others column design are tabulated in below

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 2: Roof column moment

( . ) ( . ) Axial load(KN)
COLUMN
1( . ) 2( . ) 1( . ) 2( . )
1A 16.48 21.98 -21.81 24.63 48.01
1B -0.199 -0.149 -19.55 20.85 44.56
1C -11.67 -8.75 -19.24 20.47 46.24
1D -13.94 15.62 -18.49 19.47 75.54
1E -25.19 25.08 -21.13 23.77 -60.71

2A 16.22 21.63 -37.01 40.35 81.19

2B -0.37 -0.28 -33.19 28.15 43.98
2C -12.52 -9.39 -32.92 -27.44 43.69
2D 9.66 12.88 -32.30 26.74 37.37
2E -20.64 -15.48 -38.33 41.26 80.93

3A 17.1 22.78 -51.18 43.78 65.28

3B -1.16 -0.87 -42.25 44.64 30.92
3C -11.53 -8.65 -34.38 38.60 38.07
3D 10.28 13.71 -29.94 34.93 33.66
3E -20.55 -15.41 -39.96 37.22 81.33

4B -4.27 -3.20 -0.394 0.435 72.56

4D -18.72 -21.86 -22.28 21.19 -66.9
4E -24.48 24.1 -22.85 20.37 -67.05
5A 17.14 22.85 --43.78 51.25 -65.33
5B -0.79 -0.59 -45.15 42.86 -30.66
5C -21.31 -15.98 -36.03 31.58 -32.19
6A 16.45 21.93 -39.24 36.15 -81.59
6B -0.83 0.92 -25.63 31.18 -45.73
6C -22.95 17.59 -25.97 31.76 -37.33
7A -26.52 26.14 -23.44 20.97 -67.41
7B -0.64 0.7 -18.16 17.55 -94.1
7C 26.96 27.46 -19.31 18.35 57.51

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th
Table 6. 3: : 6 floor column

( . ) ( . )
COLUMN
1( . ) 2( . ) 1( . ) 2( . ) Axial load(KN)
1A -37.73 47.61 24.39 21.76 163.83
1B -1.56 -1.24 -23.82 -21.05 -244.66
1C -26.55 20.92 -23.57 20.78 -187.23
1D -23.89 30.61 -23.09 20.27 -208.77
1E -49.38 37.18 -24.11 21.29 -184.38

2A -37.47 47.36 -61.36 47.29 -257

2B -1.84 -1.39 -61.23 49.32 289.12
2C -27.4 21.94 -61.1 49.29 246.72
2D -23.57 30.31 -60.57 48.77 240.85
2E -49.56 30.28 -60.93 47.88 259.46

3A -38.48 48.38 65.47 87.29 212.87

3B -0.93 -0.7 -58.99 71.88 262.53
3C -26.19 20.78 -54.22 66.56 234.8
3D 24.83 51.47 50.86 62.75 233.56
3E -49.72 38.29 -46.96 59.8 260.36

4D 37.88 50.51 -22.81 26.63 184.15

4E -51.51 -38.63 -20.48 23.49 183.52

5A 38.78 48.15 -87.46 -65.59 212.95

5B -0.36 0.33 -72.48 59.61 252.81
5C -45.1 35.81 -64.37 51.99 207.2

6A -37.16 47 -46.42 60.53 258.2

6B -0.6 0.6 -47.65 59.6 293.13
6C -47.65 37.74 -48.33 60.11 217.22

7A -36.33 46.98 -20.98 23.63 183.1

7B -0.45 0.44 -19.5 22.29 272.1
7C -47.5 36.79 -20.05 22.86 171.45

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Table 6. 4: 5 floor column

( . ) ( . )
COLUMN
1( . ) 2( . ) 1( . ) 2( . ) Axial load(KN)
1A -46.49 35.45 -21.22 24.11 345.81
1B 1.13 1.51 -20.59 23.59 536.74
1C -20.27 26.22 -20.41 23.39 410.47
1D -30.27 23.17 -20.04 22.98 441.14
1E 36.7 49.93 -20.99 23.97 369.14

2A -46.3 35.24 -46.6 61.02 582.8

2B 1.3 1.7 -46.58 59.9 745.5
2C -20.9 26.87 -46.45 59.68 612.55
2D -29.77 22.74 -46.10 59.27 620.44
2E 36.27 48.36 -47.12 60.56 587.98

3A -47.25 36.16 -87.79 -65.84 465.80

3B 0.60 0.81 -70.59 56.35 704.1
3C -19.86 25.73 -65.17 51.37 591.92
3D -30.9 23.62 -61.38 48.04 610.67
3E 36.39 48.52 -59.54 46.05 589.45

4D -49.78 -37.34 -25.38 22.29 374.50

4E 38.24 50.98 -23.56 20.22 371.53

5A -47.03 36.09 65.90 87.87 465.66

5B -0.39 0.468 -56.93 71.17 706.95
5C -33.24 44.1 -49.43 63.13 527.2

6A -46.06 35.15 -60.29 45.92 584.26

6B -0.53 0.553 -58.39 45.15 753.98
6C -35.69 46.63 -58.74 45.49 543.36

7A -46.61 -35.56 -23.46 20.62 364.16

7B -0.42 0.43 -22.17 19.26 585.71
7C -36.04 47.11 -22.69 19.69 352.21

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th
Table 6. 5: 4 floor column

( . ) ( . )
COLUMN
1( . ) 2( . ) 1( . ) 2( . ) Axial load(KN)
1A -25.67 26.97 -17.54 18.07 459.78
1B -0.62 -0.46 -16.92 17.35 715.68
1C -15.82 15.26 -16.71 17.11 549.1
1D -16.69 17.42 -16.41 16.78 575.26
1E -27.58 25.85 -17.10 17.53 484.66

2A -25.51 26.82 -36.01 34.89 761.67

2B -0.75 -0.56 -36.48 35.19 991.44
2C -16.29 15.77 -36.35 35.05 816.83
2D -16.39 17.14 -36.08 34.75 824
2E -27.33 25.59 -36.72 35.41 768.59

3A -26.38 27.63 -41.39 44.94 613.24

3B -0.21 -0.16 -43.72 44.62 937.55
3C -15.38 14.83 -39.12 40.48 790.33
3D -17.1 17.87 -36.65 37.79 811.11
3E -27.31 25.50 -34.71 35.96 770.52

4D -24.75 26.89 -18.98 18.41 490.84

4E -17.10 16.60 -17.10 16.60 486.14

5A -26.44 27.62 -45.18 41.62 613.17

5B -0.35 0.27 -45.22 44.31 940.88
5C -26.11 24.98 -38.79 37.54 703.28

6A -25.61 26.85 -33.69 35.23 763.2

6B -0.56 0.56 -33.88 35.21 1001.65
6C -27.51 26.28 -34.29 35.56 724.17

7A -25.9 27.12 -17.37 16.85 477.67

7B -0.46 0.46 -16.14 15.75 763.82
7C -27.70 26.46 -16.56 16.13 465.05

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

rd
Table 6. 6: 3 floor column

( . ) ( . )
COLUMN
1( . ) 2( . ) 1( . ) 2( . ) Axial load(KN)
1A -29.67 30.83 -16.79 16.83 570.03
1B -0.99 0.769 -16.61 16.49 893.86
1C -17.22 16.65 -16.49 16.39 682.98
1D 19.10 19.75 -16.3 16.13 709.29
1E -32.13 30.54 -16.87 16.76 596.18

2A -29.53 30.70 -41.26 39.21 941.71

2B -1.11 0.89 -40.31 38.89 1241.48
2C -17.58 17.04 -40.14 38.77 1021.66
2D -18.83 19.53 -39.89 38.54 1031.78
2E -31.93 30.32 -40.46 39.15 951.08

3A -30.22 31.35 -55.58 63.10 759.19

3B -0.48 -0.36 -46.93 48.35 1176.59
3C -16.84 16.25 -42.81 44.12 989.56
3D -19.58 20.29 -40.12 41.35 1016.42
3E -32.03 30.41 -38.35 39.59 953.43

4D -30.83 32.47 -17.99 18.01 604.61

4E -33.32 31.51 -16.21 16.25 598.23

5A -30.13 31.26 -63.25 55.61 759.1

5B -0.35 0.27 -48.56 47.37 1180.81
5C -29.12 28.04 -42.74 41.27 881.1

6A -29.39 30.53 -38.72 40.69 944.13

6B -0.385 0.361 -37.89 39.26 1253.75
6C -30.98 29.73 -38.1 39.39 906.19

7A -29.62 30.74 -16.43 16.3 587.43

7B -0.32 0.29 -15.58 15.64 941.98
7C -31.19 29.93 -15.87 15.93 574.4

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 452
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

nd
Table 6. 7: 2 floor column

( . ) ( . )
COLUMN
1( . ) 2( . ) 1( . ) 2( . ) Axial load(KN)
1A -21.26 20.82 -9.45 10.34 681.02
1B -0.69 0.65 -9.14 10.19 1076.1
1C -11.56 11.65 -9.1 10.14 817.15
1D -13.8 13.7 -9.02 10.10 847.73
1E -21.89 22.16 -9.25 10.38 109.3

2A -21.19 20.77 -24.81 27.03 1131.61

2B -0.76 0.72 -26.03 27.11 1502.33
2C -11.71 11.84 -26.00 27.05 1233.63
2D -13.69 13.6 -25.93 26.94 1249.87
2E -21.82 22.06 -26.16 27.24 1141.88

3A -21.51 21.03 -30.74 -23.1 908.6

3B -0.76 -0.57 -31.8 29.59 1428.1
3C -11.19 11.36 -29.53 28.1 1196.2
3D -14.12 13.96 -27.81 26.57 1231.95
3E -21.91 22.16 -26.78 25.73 1144.63

4D -23.01 22.94 -11.11 9.82 720.42

4E -23.14 23.28 -10.1 9.00 712.53

5A -21.28 20.64 23.04 30.72 908.38

5B -0.19 -0.15 -29.87 31.98 1433.73
5C -20.65 20.38 -27.52 28.73 1066.65

6A -21.02 20.63 -26.88 24.54 1134.14

6B 0.063 0.083 -26.65 25.54 1516.95
6C -20.56 21.03 -26.71 25.64 1095.77

7A -21.13 20.73 -10.19 9.14 698

7B 0.046 0.062 -9.76 8.67 1125.2
7C -20.58 21.12 -9.90 8.79 684.89

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 453
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 8: 1st floor column

( . ) ( . )
COLUMN
1( . ) 2( . ) 1( . ) 2( . ) Axial load(KN)
1A -29.69 26.25 -10.59 12.21 878.92
1B 0.91 1.21 -10.4 11.82 1417.3
1C -16.24 19.91 10.57 11.95 1058.3
1D -22.58 17.86 8.87 11.82 1102.79
1E -28.19 32.04 -10.68 12.2 911.5

2A -29.59 26.16 -29.64 33.02 1492.8

2B -0.94 1.23 -31.39 35.84 2011.69
2C -16.41 20.02 -31.65 36.12 1642.21
2D -22.51 17.70 -31.44 35.95 1673.6
2E -28.22 32.04 -31.77 36.36 1511.11

3A -29.67 26.10 -3.85 3.195 1343.23

3B 0.87 1.17 -38.7 -29.03 1670.12
3C 13.17 17.55 -37.49 -28.12 1388.19
3D -22.86 17.96 -36.22 31.29 1656.1
3E -8.4 32.26 -35.24 30.61 1514.69

4D -32.84 28.29 -12.28 10.35 926.13

4E -29.31 33.74 -11.34 9.72 916.99

5A -30.18 27.28 -3.83 3.85 1342.78

5B -5.14 5.07 -32.68 38.55 1934.87
5C 17.31 23.1 -31.94 37.13 1474.59

6A -29.63 25.58 -33.68 30.27 1496.65

6B 0.53 0.711 -35.84 31.41 1766.83
6C -26.19 29.94 -35.74 31.24 1461.47

7A -29.71 25.49 -12.75 11.11 895.73

7B -0.76 0.80 -11.79 10.39 1468.96
7C -26.59 30.15 -11.66 10.21 881.89

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 454
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 9: Foundation column

( . ) ( . )
COLUMN
1( . ) 2( . ) 1( . ) 2( . ) Axial load(KN)
1A -29.42 -22.1 6.43 8.57 874.16
1B 0.9 1.2 6.58 8.78 1412.51
1C 14.89 19.87 6.56 8.76 1053.54
1D -22.23 16.62 6.73 8.98 1098.1
1E 23.69 31.59 6.89 9.198 906.74

2A -29.00 -21.69 23.1 30.81 1488

2B 0.916 1.22 24.36 32.49 2006.93
2C 14.74 19.72 24.02 32.12 1637.49
2D -22.46 -16.84 24.73 32.98 1668.79
2E 23.68 31.59 24.85 33.14 1506.35

3A -28.42 -21.19 -3.73 -2.78 1338.6

3B -0.16 -0.12 -34.226 -25.55 1924.38
3C 15.04 20.17 -33.97 -25.34 1594.5
3D -22.51 -16.83 -32.94 -24.64 1651.36
3E 23.37 31.25 -32.57 -24.37 1509.98

4A 12.02 16.02 0.048 0.064 922.14

4B 28 37.46 -0.154 -0.1154 841.98
4D -32.78 -24.57 -9.56 -7.17 921.36
4E 24.45 32.71 -9.13 -6.83 912.28

5A -26.73 -20.00 2.84 3.79 1338.1

5B 3703 4.97 25.96 34.71 1930.15
5C 6.2 8.3 25.58 34.21 1469.88

6A -29.19 -21.83 -30.89 -23.10 1489.93

6B 0.354 0.472 -32.44 -24.32 2024.75
6C 21.90 29.22 -32.52 -24.38 1456.7

7A -29.65 -22.23 -8.53 -6.39 890.97

7B -0.558 -0.418 -8.71 -6.53 1468.96
7C 21.91 29.29 -8.67 -6.49 877.18

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 455
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

6.3.2. Effective height

Table 6. 10: Roof Columns

( ) ( ) X Y Effective length
Axial
COLUMN
Force(KN) , ,
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ( ) ( ) ( )
1A 16.48 21.98 -21.81 24.63 48.01 0.325 0.325 0.000 0.000 5.298 0.000 5.298
1B -0.199 -0.149 -19.55 20.85 44.56 0.081 0.081 0.268 0.268 3.624 4.679 4.679
1C -11.67 -8.75 -19.24 20.47 46.24 0.081 0.081 0.141 0.141 3.624 3.995 3.995
1D -13.94 15.62 -18.49 19.47 75.54 0.325 0.325 0.141 0.141 0.000 3.995 3.995
1E -25.19 25.08 -21.13 23.77 60.71 0.325 0.325 0.535 0.535 0.000 5.867 5.867

2A 16.22 21.63 -37.01 40.35 81.19 0.217 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.605 3.060 3.605
2B -0.37 -0.28 -33.19 28.15 43.98 0.217 0.268 0.268 0.268 4.536 4.679 4.679
2C -12.52 -9.39 -32.92 -27.44 43.69 0.217 0.141 0.141 0.141 4.166 3.995 4.166
2D 9.66 12.88 -32.30 26.74 37.37 0.217 0.141 0.141 0.141 4.166 3.995 4.166
2E -20.64 -15.48 -38.33 41.26 80.93 0.217 0.141 0.141 0.141 4.166 3.995 4.166

3A 17.1 22.78 -51.18 43.78 65.28 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3B -1.16 -0.87 -42.25 44.64 30.92 0.217 0.217 0.268 0.268 4.416 4.679 4.679
3C -11.53 -8.65 -34.38 38.60 38.07 0.325 0.325 0.141 0.141 4.957 3.995 4.957
3D 10.28 13.71 -29.94 34.93 33.66 0.217 0.217 0.141 0.141 4.416 3.995 4.416
3E -20.55 -15.41 -39.96 37.22 81.33 0.217 0.217 0.000 0.000 4.416 0.000 4.416

4B -4.27 -3.20 -0.394 0.435 72.56 0.162 0.162 0.119 0.119 0.000 3.864 3.864
4D -18.72 -21.86 -22.28 21.19 66.9 0.000 0.000 0.141 0.141 0.000 3.995 3.995
4E -24.48 24.1 -22.85 20.37 67.05 0.162 0.162 0.000 0.000 4.119 0.000 4.119
5A 17.14 22.85 --43.78 51.25 65.33 0.086 0.086 0.000 0.000 3.661 0.000 3.661
5B -0.79 -0.59 -45.15 42.86 30.66 0.217 0.217 0.268 0.268 4.416 4.679 4.679
5C -21.31 -15.98 -36.03 31.58 32.19 0.325 0.325 0.168 0.168 4.957 4.150 4.957
6A 16.45 21.93 -39.24 36.15 81.59 0.217 0.217 0.000 0.000 4.416 0.000 4.416
6B -0.83 0.92 -25.63 31.18 45.73 0.217 0.217 0.268 0.268 4.416 4.679 4.679
6C -22.95 17.59 -25.97 31.76 37.33 0.217 0.217 0.000 0.000 4.416 0.000 4.416
7A -26.52 26.14 -23.44 20.97 67.41 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
7B -0.64 0.7 -18.16 17.55 94.1 0.000 0.000 0.268 0.268 0.000 4.679 4.679
7C 26.96 27.46 -19.31 18.35 57.51 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 456
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 11: 6th Columns

( ) ( ) X Y Effective length
Axial
COLUMN
Force(KN) , ,
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ( ) ( ) ( )
1A -37.73 47.61 24.39 21.76 163.83 0.081 0.081 0.535 0.535 3.873 5.867 5.867
1B -1.56 -1.24 -23.82 -21.05 244.66 0.081 0.081 0.268 0.268 3.873 4.679 4.679
1C -26.55 20.92 -23.57 20.78 187.23 0.081 0.081 0.141 0.141 3.873 3.995 3.995
1D -23.89 30.61 -23.09 20.27 208.77 0.325 0.325 0.141 0.141 5.298 3.995 5.298
1E -49.38 37.18 -24.11 21.29 184.38 0.325 0.325 0.535 0.535 5.298 5.867 5.867

2A -37.47 47.36 -61.36 47.29 257 0.217 0.217 0.535 0.535 4.720 5.867 5.867
2B -1.84 -1.39 -61.23 49.32 289.12 0.217 0.217 0.268 0.268 4.720 4.679 4.720
2C -27.4 21.94 -61.1 49.29 246.72 0.217 0.217 0.141 0.141 4.720 3.995 4.720
2D -23.57 30.31 -60.57 48.77 240.85 0.217 0.217 0.141 0.141 4.720 3.995 4.720
2E -49.56 30.28 -60.93 47.88 259.46 0.217 0.217 0.141 0.141 4.720 3.995 4.720

3A -38.48 48.38 65.47 87.29 212.87 0.650 0.650 0.535 0.535 6.741 5.867 6.741
3B -0.93 -0.7 -58.99 71.88 262.53 0.231 0.231 0.286 0.286 4.803 4.770 4.803
3C -26.19 20.78 -54.22 66.56 234.8 0.347 0.347 0.150 0.150 5.409 4.051 5.409
3D 24.83 51.47 50.86 62.75 233.56 0.231 0.231 0.150 0.150 4.803 4.051 4.803
3E -49.72 38.29 -46.96 59.8 260.36 0.231 0.231 0.572 0.572 4.803 6.012 6.012

0.325 0.325 0.141 0.141 5.298 3.995 5.298

4D 37.88 50.51 -22.81 26.63 184.15
4E -51.51 -38.63 -20.48 23.49 183.52 0.162 0.162 0.535 0.535 4.402 5.867 5.867

5A 38.78 48.15 -87.46 -65.59 212.95 0.086 0.086 0.535 0.535 3.912 5.867 5.867
5B -0.36 0.33 -72.48 59.61 252.81 0.217 0.217 0.268 0.268 4.720 4.679 4.720
5C -45.1 35.81 -64.37 51.99 207.2 0.325 0.325 0.168 0.168 5.298 4.150 5.298

6A -37.16 47 -46.42 60.53 258.2 0.217 0.217 0.535 0.535 4.720 5.867 5.867
6B -0.6 0.6 -47.65 59.6 293.13 0.217 0.217 0.268 0.268 4.720 4.679 4.720
6C -47.65 37.74 -48.33 60.11 217.22 0.217 0.217 0.535 0.535 4.720 5.867 5.867

7A -36.33 46.98 -20.98 23.63 183.1 0.325 0.325 0.535 0.535 5.298 5.867 5.867
7B -0.45 0.44 -19.5 22.29 272.1 0.325 0.325 0.268 0.268 5.298 4.679 5.298
7C -47.5 36.79 -20.05 22.86 171.45 0.325 0.325 0.535 0.535 5.298 5.867 5.867

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 457
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 12: 5th floor Columns

( ) ( ) X Y Effective length
Axial
COLUMN
Force(KN) , ,
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ( ) ( ) ( )
1A -46.49 35.45 -21.22 24.11 345.81 0.081 0.081 0.535 0.535 3.873 5.867 5.867
1B 1.13 1.51 -20.59 23.59 536.74 0.081 0.081 0.268 0.268 3.873 4.679 4.679
1C -20.27 26.22 -20.41 23.39 410.47 0.081 0.081 0.141 0.141 3.873 3.995 3.995
1D -30.27 23.17 -20.04 22.98 441.14 0.325 0.325 0.141 0.141 5.298 3.995 5.298
1E 36.7 49.93 -20.99 23.97 369.14 0.325 0.325 0.535 0.535 5.298 5.867 5.867

2A -46.3 35.24 -46.6 61.02 582.8 0.217 0.217 0.535 0.535 4.720 5.867 5.867
2B 1.3 1.7 -46.58 59.9 745.5 0.217 0.217 0.268 0.268 4.720 4.679 4.720
2C -20.9 26.87 -46.45 59.68 612.55 0.217 0.217 0.141 0.141 4.720 3.995 4.720
2D -29.77 22.74 -46.10 59.27 620.44 0.217 0.217 0.141 0.141 4.720 3.995 4.720
2E 36.27 48.36 -47.12 60.56 587.98 0.217 0.217 0.141 0.141 4.720 3.995 4.720

3A -47.25 36.16 -87.79 -65.84 465.80 0.650 0.650 0.535 0.535 6.741 5.867 6.741
3B 0.60 0.81 -70.59 56.35 704.1 0.231 0.231 0.286 0.286 4.803 4.770 4.803
3C -19.86 25.73 -65.17 51.37 591.92 0.347 0.347 0.150 0.150 5.409 4.051 5.409
3D -30.9 23.62 -61.38 48.04 610.67 0.231 0.231 0.150 0.150 4.803 4.051 4.803
3E 36.39 48.52 -59.54 46.05 589.45 0.231 0.231 0.572 0.572 4.803 6.012 6.012

-
0.325 0.325 0.141 0.141 5.298 3.995 5.298
4D 49.78 -37.34 -25.38 22.29 374.50
4E 38.24 50.98 -23.56 20.22 371.53 0.162 0.162 0.535 0.535 4.402 5.867 5.867

5A -47.03 36.09 65.90 87.87 465.66 0.086 0.086 0.535 0.535 3.912 5.867 5.867
5B -0.39 0.468 -56.93 71.17 706.95 0.217 0.217 0.268 0.268 4.720 4.679 4.720
5C -33.24 44.1 -49.43 63.13 527.2 0.325 0.325 0.168 0.168 5.298 4.150 5.298

6A -46.06 35.15 -60.29 45.92 584.26 0.217 0.217 0.535 0.535 4.720 5.867 5.867
6B -0.53 0.553 -58.39 45.15 753.98 0.217 0.217 0.268 0.268 4.720 4.679 4.720
6C -35.69 46.63 -58.74 45.49 543.36 0.217 0.217 0.535 0.535 4.720 5.867 5.867

7A -46.61 -35.56 -23.46 20.62 364.16 0.325 0.325 0.535 0.535 5.298 5.867 5.867
7B -0.42 0.43 -22.17 19.26 585.71 0.325 0.325 0.268 0.268 5.298 4.679 5.298
7C -36.04 47.11 -22.69 19.69 352.21 0.325 0.325 0.535 0.535 5.298 5.867 5.867

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 458
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 13: 4th floor Columns

( ) ( ) X Y Effective length
Axial
COLUMN
Force(KN) , ,
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ( ) ( ) ( )
1A -25.67 26.97 -17.54 18.07 459.78 0.081 0.081 0.535 0.535 3.873 5.867 5.867
1B -0.62 -0.46 -16.92 17.35 715.68 0.081 0.081 0.268 0.268 3.873 4.679 4.679
1C -15.82 15.26 -16.71 17.11 549.1 0.081 0.081 0.141 0.141 3.873 3.995 3.995
1D -16.69 17.42 -16.41 16.78 575.26 0.325 0.325 0.141 0.141 5.298 3.995 5.298
1E -27.58 25.85 -17.10 17.53 484.66 0.325 0.325 0.535 0.535 5.298 5.867 5.867

2A -25.51 26.82 -36.01 34.89 761.67 0.217 0.217 0.535 0.535 4.720 5.867 5.867
2B -0.75 -0.56 -36.48 35.19 991.44 0.217 0.217 0.268 0.268 4.720 4.679 4.720
2C -16.29 15.77 -36.35 35.05 816.83 0.217 0.217 0.141 0.141 4.720 3.995 4.720
2D -16.39 17.14 -36.08 34.75 824 0.217 0.217 0.141 0.141 4.720 3.995 4.720
2E -27.33 25.59 -36.72 35.41 768.59 0.217 0.217 0.141 0.141 4.720 3.995 4.720

3A -26.38 27.63 -41.39 44.94 613.24 0.650 0.650 0.535 0.535 6.741 5.867 6.741
3B -0.21 -0.16 -43.72 44.62 937.55 0.231 0.231 0.286 0.286 4.803 4.770 4.803
3C -15.38 14.83 -39.12 40.48 790.33 0.347 0.347 0.150 0.150 5.409 4.051 5.409
3D -17.1 17.87 -36.65 37.79 811.11 0.231 0.231 0.150 0.150 4.803 4.051 4.803
3E -27.31 25.50 -34.71 35.96 770.52 0.231 0.231 0.572 0.572 4.803 6.012 6.012

4D -24.75 26.89 -18.98 18.41 490.84 0.325 0.325 0.141 0.141 5.298 3.995 5.298
4E -17.10 16.60 -17.10 16.60 486.14 0.162 0.162 0.535 0.535 4.402 5.867 5.867

5A -26.44 27.62 -45.18 41.62 613.17 0.086 0.086 0.535 0.535 3.912 5.867 5.867
5B -0.35 0.27 -45.22 44.31 940.88 0.217 0.217 0.268 0.268 4.720 4.679 4.720
5C -26.11 24.98 -38.79 37.54 703.28 0.325 0.325 0.168 0.168 5.298 4.150 5.298

6A -25.61 26.85 -33.69 35.23 763.2 0.217 0.217 0.535 0.535 4.720 5.867 5.867
6B -0.56 0.56 -33.88 35.21 1001.65 0.217 0.217 0.268 0.268 4.720 4.679 4.720
6C -27.51 26.28 -34.29 35.56 724.17 0.217 0.217 0.535 0.535 4.720 5.867 5.867

7A -25.9 27.12 -17.37 16.85 477.67 0.325 0.325 0.535 0.535 5.298 5.867 5.867
7B -0.46 0.46 -16.14 15.75 763.82 0.325 0.325 0.268 0.268 5.298 4.679 5.298
7C -27.70 26.46 -16.56 16.13 465.05 0.325 0.325 0.535 0.535 5.298 5.867 5.867

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 459
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 14: 3rd floor Columns

( ) ( ) X Y Effective length
Axial
COLUMN
Force(KN) , ,
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ( ) ( ) ( )
1A -29.67 30.83 -16.79 16.83 570.03 0.081 0.081 0.535 0.535 3.873 5.867 5.867
1B -0.99 0.769 -16.61 16.49 893.86 0.081 0.081 0.268 0.268 3.873 4.679 4.679
1C -17.22 16.65 -16.49 16.39 682.98 0.081 0.081 0.141 0.141 3.873 3.995 3.995
1D 19.10 19.75 -16.3 16.13 709.29 0.325 0.325 0.141 0.141 5.298 3.995 5.298
1E -32.13 30.54 -16.87 16.76 596.18 0.325 0.325 0.535 0.535 5.298 5.867 5.867

2A -29.53 30.70 -41.26 39.21 941.71 0.217 0.217 0.535 0.535 4.720 5.867 5.867
2B -1.11 0.89 -40.31 38.89 1241.48 0.217 0.217 0.268 0.268 4.720 4.679 4.720
2C -17.58 17.04 -40.14 38.77 1021.66 0.217 0.217 0.141 0.141 4.720 3.995 4.720
2D -18.83 19.53 -39.89 38.54 1031.78 0.217 0.217 0.141 0.141 4.720 3.995 4.720
2E -31.93 30.32 -40.46 39.15 951.08 0.217 0.217 0.141 0.141 4.720 3.995 4.720

3A -30.22 31.35 -55.58 63.10 759.19 0.650 0.650 0.535 0.535 6.741 5.867 6.741
3B -0.48 -0.36 -46.93 48.35 1176.59 0.231 0.231 0.286 0.286 4.803 4.770 4.803
3C -16.84 16.25 -42.81 44.12 989.56 0.347 0.347 0.150 0.150 5.409 4.051 5.409
3D -19.58 20.29 -40.12 41.35 1016.42 0.231 0.231 0.150 0.150 4.803 4.051 4.803
3E -32.03 30.41 -38.35 39.59 953.43 0.231 0.231 0.572 0.572 4.803 6.012 6.012

4D -30.83 32.47 -17.99 18.01 604.61 0.325 0.325 0.141 0.141 5.298 3.995 5.298
4E -33.32 31.51 -16.21 16.25 598.23 0.162 0.162 0.535 0.535 4.402 5.867 5.867

5A -30.13 31.26 -63.25 55.61 759.1 0.086 0.086 0.535 0.535 3.912 5.867 5.867
5B -0.35 0.27 -48.56 47.37 1180.81 0.217 0.217 0.268 0.268 4.720 4.679 4.720
5C -29.12 28.04 -42.74 41.27 881.1 0.325 0.325 0.168 0.168 5.298 4.150 5.298

6A -29.39 30.53 -38.72 40.69 944.13 0.217 0.217 0.535 0.535 4.720 5.867 5.867
6B -0.385 0.361 -37.89 39.26 1253.75 0.217 0.217 0.268 0.268 4.720 4.679 4.720
6C -30.98 29.73 -38.1 39.39 906.19 0.217 0.217 0.535 0.535 4.720 5.867 5.867

7A -29.62 30.74 -16.43 16.3 587.43 0.325 0.325 0.535 0.535 5.298 5.867 5.867
7B -0.32 0.29 -15.58 15.64 941.98 0.325 0.325 0.268 0.268 5.298 4.679 5.298
7C -31.19 29.93 -15.87 15.93 574.4 0.325 0.325 0.535 0.535 5.298 5.867 5.867

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 460
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 15:2ndfloor Columns

( ) ( ) X Y Effective length
Axial
COLUMN
Force(KN) , ,
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ( ) ( ) ( )
1A -21.26 20.82 -9.45 10.34 681.02 0.062 0.062 0.409 0.409 3.739 5.339 5.339
1B -0.69 0.65 -9.14 10.19 1076.1 0.062 0.062 0.204 0.204 3.739 4.351 4.351
1C -11.56 11.65 -9.1 10.14 817.15 0.062 0.062 0.108 0.108 3.739 3.795 3.795
1D -13.8 13.7 -9.02 10.10 847.73 0.248 0.248 0.108 0.108 4.895 3.795 4.895
1E -21.89 22.16 -9.25 10.38 109.3 0.248 0.248 0.409 0.409 4.895 5.339 5.339

2A -21.19 20.77 -24.81 27.03 1131.61 0.165 0.165 0.409 0.409 4.421 5.339 5.339
2B -0.76 0.72 -26.03 27.11 1502.33 0.165 0.165 0.204 0.204 4.421 4.351 4.421
2C -11.71 11.84 -26.00 27.05 1233.63 0.165 0.165 0.108 0.108 4.421 3.795 4.421
2D -13.69 13.6 -25.93 26.94 1249.87 0.165 0.165 0.108 0.108 4.421 3.795 4.421
2E -21.82 22.06 -26.16 27.24 1141.88 0.165 0.165 0.108 0.108 4.421 3.795 4.421

3A -21.51 21.03 -30.74 -23.1 908.6 0.496 0.496 0.409 0.409 6.102 5.339 6.102
3B -0.76 -0.57 -31.8 29.59 1428.1 0.165 0.165 0.204 0.204 4.421 4.351 4.421
3C -11.19 11.36 -29.53 28.1 1196.2 0.248 0.248 0.108 0.108 4.895 3.795 4.895
3D -14.12 13.96 -27.81 26.57 1231.95 0.165 0.165 0.108 0.108 4.421 3.795 4.421
3E -21.91 22.16 -26.78 25.73 1144.63 0.165 0.165 0.409 0.409 4.421 5.339 5.339

4D -23.01 22.94 -11.11 9.82 720.42 0.248 0.248 0.108 0.108 4.895 3.795 4.895
4E -23.14 23.28 -10.1 9.00 712.53 0.124 0.124 0.409 0.409 4.163 5.339 5.339

5A -21.28 20.64 23.04 30.72 908.38 0.066 0.066 0.409 0.409 3.770 5.339 5.339
5B -0.19 -0.15 -29.87 31.98 1433.73 0.165 0.165 0.204 0.204 4.421 4.351 4.421
5C -20.65 20.38 -27.52 28.73 1066.65 0.248 0.248 0.128 0.128 4.895 3.920 4.895

6A -21.02 20.63 -26.88 24.54 1134.14 0.165 0.165 0.409 0.409 4.421 5.339 5.339
6B 0.063 0.083 -26.65 25.54 1516.95 0.165 0.165 0.204 0.204 4.421 4.351 4.421
6C -20.56 21.03 -26.71 25.64 1095.77 0.165 0.165 0.409 0.409 4.421 5.339 5.339

7A -21.13 20.73 -10.19 9.14 698 0.248 0.248 0.409 0.409 4.895 5.339 5.339
7B 0.046 0.062 -9.76 8.67 1125.2 0.248 0.248 0.204 0.204 4.895 4.351 4.895
7C -20.58 21.12 -9.90 8.79 684.89 0.248 0.248 0.409 0.409 4.895 5.339 5.339

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 461
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 16: 1st floor Columns

( ) ( ) X Y Effective length
Axial
COLUMN
Force(KN) , ,
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ( ) ( ) ( )
1A -29.69 26.25 -10.59 12.21 878.92 0.062 0.062 0.415 0.415 3.745 5.365 5.365
1B 0.91 1.21 -10.4 11.82 1417.3 0.062 0.062 0.207 0.207 3.745 4.367 4.367
1C -16.24 19.91 10.57 11.95 1058.3 0.062 0.062 0.109 0.109 3.745 3.804 3.804
1D -22.58 17.86 8.87 11.82 1102.79 0.252 0.252 0.109 0.109 4.915 3.804 4.915
1E -28.19 32.04 -10.68 12.2 911.5 0.252 0.252 0.415 0.415 4.915 5.365 5.365

2A -29.59 26.16 -29.64 33.02 1492.8 0.168 0.168 0.415 0.415 4.435 5.365 5.365
2B -0.94 1.23 -31.39 35.84 2011.69 0.168 0.168 0.207 0.207 4.435 4.367 4.435
2C -16.41 20.02 -31.65 36.12 1642.21 0.168 0.168 0.109 0.109 4.435 3.804 4.435
2D -22.51 17.70 -31.44 35.95 1673.6 0.168 0.168 0.109 0.109 4.435 3.804 4.435
2E -28.22 32.04 -31.77 36.36 1511.11 0.168 0.168 0.109 0.109 4.435 3.804 4.435

3A -29.67 26.10 -3.85 3.195 1343.23 0.504 0.504 0.415 0.415 6.133 5.365 6.133
3B 0.87 1.17 -38.7 -29.03 1670.12 0.168 0.168 0.207 0.207 4.435 4.367 4.435
3C 13.17 17.55 -37.49 -28.12 1388.19 0.252 0.252 0.109 0.109 4.915 3.804 4.915
3D -22.86 17.96 -36.22 31.29 1656.1 0.168 0.168 0.109 0.109 4.435 3.804 4.435
3E -8.4 32.26 -35.24 30.61 1514.69 0.168 0.168 0.415 0.415 4.435 5.365 5.365

4D -32.84 28.29 -12.28 10.35 926.13 0.252 0.252 0.109 0.109 4.915 3.804 4.915
4E -29.31 33.74 -11.34 9.72 916.99 0.126 0.126 0.415 0.415 4.174 5.365 5.365

5A -30.18 27.28 -3.83 3.85 1342.78 0.067 0.067 0.415 0.415 3.777 5.365 5.365
5B -5.14 5.07 -32.68 38.55 1934.87 0.168 0.168 0.207 0.207 4.435 4.367 4.435
5C 17.31 23.1 -31.94 37.13 1474.59 0.252 0.252 0.130 0.130 4.915 3.931 4.915

6A -29.63 25.58 -33.68 30.27 1496.65 0.168 0.168 0.415 0.415 4.435 5.365 5.365
6B 0.53 0.711 -35.84 31.41 1766.83 0.168 0.168 0.207 0.207 4.435 4.367 4.435
6C -26.19 29.94 -35.74 31.24 1461.47 0.168 0.168 0.415 0.415 4.435 5.365 5.365

7A -29.71 25.49 -12.75 11.11 895.73 0.252 0.252 0.415 0.415 4.915 5.365 5.365
7B -0.76 0.80 -11.79 10.39 1468.96 0.252 0.252 0.207 0.207 4.915 4.367 4.915
7C -26.59 30.15 -11.66 10.21 881.89 0.252 0.252 0.415 0.415 4.915 5.365 5.365

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 462
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 17: Foundation Columns

( ) ( ) X Y Effective length
Axial
COLUMN
Force(KN) , ,
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ( ) ( ) ( )
1A -29.42 -22.1 6.43 8.57 874.16 0.708 0.708 1.167 1.167 6.969 7.999 7.999
1B 0.9 1.2 6.58 8.78 1412.51 0.708 0.708 0.583 0.583 6.969 6.056 6.969
1C 14.89 19.87 6.56 8.76 1053.54 0.708 0.708 0.307 0.307 6.969 4.872 6.969
1D -22.23 16.62 6.73 8.98 1098.1 0.708 0.708 0.307 0.307 6.969 4.872 6.969
1E 23.69 31.59 6.89 9.198 906.74 0.708 0.708 1.167 1.167 6.969 7.999 7.999

2A -29.00 -21.69 23.1 30.81 1488 0.472 0.472 1.167 1.167 5.995 7.999 7.999
2B 0.916 1.22 24.36 32.49 2006.93 0.472 0.472 0.583 0.583 5.995 6.056 6.056
2C 14.74 19.72 24.02 32.12 1637.49 0.472 0.472 0.307 0.307 5.995 4.872 5.995
2D -22.46 -16.84 24.73 32.98 1668.79 0.472 0.472 0.307 0.307 5.995 4.872 5.995
2E 23.68 31.59 24.85 33.14 1506.35 0.472 0.472 1.167 1.167 5.995 7.999 7.999

3A -28.42 -21.19 -3.73 -2.78 1338.6 0.472 0.472 1.167 1.167 5.995 7.999 7.999
-
0.472 0.472 0.583 0.583 5.995 6.056 6.056
3B -0.16 -0.12 34.226 -25.55 1924.38
3C 15.04 20.17 -33.97 -25.34 1594.5 0.708 0.708 0.307 0.307 6.969 4.872 6.969
3D -22.51 -16.83 -32.94 -24.64 1651.36 0.472 0.472 0.307 0.307 5.995 4.872 5.995
3E 23.37 31.25 -32.57 -24.37 1509.98 0.472 0.472 1.167 1.167 5.995 7.999 7.999

4A 12.02 16.02 0.048 0.064 922.14 0.354 0.354 1.167 1.167 5.443 7.999 7.999
-
0.354 0.354 0.672 0.672 5.443 6.388 6.388
4B 28 37.46 -0.154 0.1154 841.98
4D -32.78 -24.57 -9.56 -7.17 921.36 0.354 0.354 0.307 0.307 5.443 4.872 5.443
4E 24.45 32.71 -9.13 -6.83 912.28 0.708 0.708 1.167 1.167 6.969 7.999 7.999

5A -26.73 -20.00 2.84 3.79 1338.1 0.472 0.472 1.167 1.167 5.995 7.999 7.999
5B 3703 4.97 25.96 34.71 1930.15 0.472 0.472 0.583 0.583 5.995 6.056 6.056
5C 6.2 8.3 25.58 34.21 1469.88 0.708 0.708 0.307 0.307 6.969 4.872 6.969

6A -29.19 -21.83 -30.89 -23.10 1489.93 0.472 0.472 0.583 0.583 5.995 6.056 6.056
6B 0.354 0.472 -32.44 -24.32 2024.75 0.472 0.472 1.167 1.167 5.995 7.999 7.999
6C 21.90 29.22 -32.52 -24.38 1456.7 0.472 0.472 0.000 0.000 5.995 3.060 5.995

7A -29.65 -22.23 -8.53 -6.39 890.97 0.708 0.708 0.583 0.583 6.969 6.056 6.969
7B -0.558 -0.418 -8.71 -6.53 1468.96 0.708 0.708 1.167 1.167 6.969 7.999 7.999
7C 21.91 29.29 -8.67 -6.49 877.18 0.708 0.708 0.000 0.000 6.969 3.060 6.969

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 463
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

6.3.3. Slenderness ratio

Table 6. 18: Roof Columns
Effective Limit
length, Actual
Axial Height Slenderness
COLUMNS = slenderness Remark
load(KN) (mm) ratio,
( )

1A 48.01 327 5.298 115.470 45.882 64.147 short

1B 44.56 327 4.679 115.470 40.521 66.584 short
1C 46.24 327 3.995 115.470 34.598 65.363 short
1D 75.54 327 3.995 115.470 34.598 51.139 short
1E 60.71 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 57.044 short

2A 81.19 327 3.605 115.470 31.220 49.328 short

2B 43.98 327 4.679 115.470 40.521 67.022 short
2C 43.69 327 4.166 115.470 36.079 67.244 Short
2D 37.37 327 4.166 115.470 36.079 72.708 Short
2E 80.93 327 4.166 115.470 36.079 49.407 short

3A 65.28 327 0.000 115.470 0.000 55.011 Short

3B 30.92 327 4.679 115.470 40.521 79.933 Short
3C 38.07 327 4.957 115.470 42.929 72.036 Short
3D 33.66 327 4.416 115.470 38.244 76.610 Short
3E 81.33 327 4.416 115.470 38.244 49.285 Short

4B 72.56 327 3.864 115.470 33.463 52.179 Short

4D 66.9 327 3.995 115.470 34.598 70.34 Short
4E 67.05 327 4.119 115.470 35.672 54.280 Short
5A 65.33 327 3.661 115.470 31.705 54.990 Short
5B 30.66 327 4.679 115.470 40.521 80.271 Short
5C 32.19 327 4.957 115.470 42.929 78.340 short
6A 81.59 327 4.416 115.470 38.244 49.207 short
6B 45.73 327 4.679 115.470 40.521 65.727 Short
6C 37.33 327 4.416 115.470 38.244 72.747 Short
7A 67.41 327 0.000 115.470 0.000 54.135 Short
7B 94.1 327 4.679 115.470 40.521 45.819 Short
7C 57.51 327 0.000 115.470 0.000 58.610 Short

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 464
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 19: 6th Columns

Effective Limit
length, Actual
Axial Height Slenderness
COLUMNS = slenderness Remark
load(KN) (mm) ratio,
( )

1A 163.83 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 34.725 slender

1B 244.66 327 4.679 115.470 40.521 28.416 slender
1C 187.23 327 3.995 115.470 34.598 32.483 Slender
1D 208.77 327 5.298 115.470 45.882 30.762 Slender
1E 184.38 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 32.733 Slender

2A 257 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 27.725 Slender

2B 289.12 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 26.140 Slender
2C 246.72 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 28.297 Slender
2D 240.85 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 28.640 Slender
2E 259.46 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 27.594 Slender

3A 212.87 327 6.741 115.470 58.379 30.464 Slender

3B 262.53 327 4.803 115.470 41.595 27.432 Slender
3C 234.8 327 5.409 115.470 46.843 29.006 Slender
3D 233.56 327 4.803 115.470 41.595 29.083 Slender
3E 260.36 327 6.012 115.470 52.065 27.546 Slender

4D 184.15 327 5.298 115.470 45.882 32.753 Slender

4E 183.52 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 32.810 Slender

5A 212.95 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 30.458 Slender

5B 252.81 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 27.954 Slender
5C 207.2 327 5.298 115.470 45.882 30.878 Slender

6A 258.2 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 27.661 Slender

6B 293.13 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 25.961 Slender
6C 217.22 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 30.157 Slender

7A 183.1 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 32.847 Slender

7B 272.1 327 5.298 115.470 45.882 26.945 Slender
7C 171.45 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 33.945 Slender

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 465
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 20: 5thfloor Columns

Effective Limit
length, Actual
Axial Height Slenderness
COLUMNS = slenderness Remark
load(KN) (mm) ratio,
( )

1A 345.81 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 23.901 slender

1B 536.74 327 4.679 115.470 40.521 19.185 slender
1C 410.47 327 3.995 115.470 34.598 21.938 Slender
1D 441.14 327 5.298 115.470 45.882 21.162 Slender
1E 369.14 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 23.134 Slender

2A 582.8 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 18.411 Slender

2B 745.5 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 16.279 Slender
2C 612.55 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 17.959 Slender
2D 620.44 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 17.844 Slender
2E 587.98 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 18.330 Slender

3A 465.80 327 6.741 115.470 58.379 20.594 Slender

3B 704.1 327 4.803 115.470 41.595 16.750 Slender
3C 591.92 327 5.409 115.470 46.843 18.269 Slender
3D 610.67 327 4.803 115.470 41.595 17.986 Slender
3E 589.45 327 6.012 115.470 52.065 18.307 Slender

4D 374.50 327 5.298 115.470 45.882 22.968 Slender

4E 371.53 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 23.059 Slender

5A 465.66 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 20.597 Slender

5B 706.95 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 16.717 Slender
5C 527.2 327 5.298 115.470 45.882 19.358 Slender

6A 584.26 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 18.388 Slender

6B 753.98 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 16.187 Slender
6C 543.36 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 19.068 Slender

7A 364.16 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 23.291 Slender

7B 585.71 327 5.298 115.470 45.882 18.365 Slender
7C 352.21 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 23.683 Slender

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 466
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 21: 4th floor Columns

Effective Limit
length, Actual
Axial Height Slenderness
COLUMNS = slenderness Remark
load(KN) (mm) ratio,
( )

1A 459.78 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 20.729 Slender

1B 715.68 327 4.679 115.470 40.521 16.614 Slender

1C 549.1 327 3.995 115.470 34.598 18.968 Slender

1D 575.26 327 5.298 115.470 45.882 18.532 Slender

1E 484.66 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 20.189 slender

2A 761.67 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 16.105 slender

2B 991.44 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 14.116 Slender
2C 816.83 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 15.552 Slender
2D 824 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 15.484 Slender
2E 768.59 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 16.032 Slender

3A 613.24 327 6.741 115.470 58.379 17.948 Slender

3B 937.55 327 4.803 115.470 41.595 14.516 Slender
3C 790.33 327 5.409 115.470 46.843 15.810 Slender
3D 811.11 327 4.803 115.470 41.595 15.606 Slender
3E 770.52 327 6.012 115.470 52.065 16.012 Slender

4D 490.84 327 5.298 115.470 45.882 20.062 Slender

4E 486.14 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 20.159 Slender

5A 613.17 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 17.950 Slender

5B 940.88 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 14.490 Slender

5C 703.28 327 5.298 115.470 45.882 16.760 Slender

6A 763.2 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 16.089 Slender

6B 1001.65 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 14.044 Slender

6C 724.17 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 16.517 Slender

7A 477.67 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 20.337 Slender

7B 763.82 327 5.298 115.470 45.882 16.082 Slender

7C 465.05 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 20.611 Slender

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 467
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 22: 3rd floor Columns

Effective Limit
length, Actual
Axial Height Slenderness
COLUMNS = slenderness Remark
load(KN) (mm) ratio,
( )

1A 570.03 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 18.616 slender

1B 893.86 327 4.679 115.470 40.521 14.866 slender
1C 682.98 327 3.995 115.470 34.598 17.007 Slender
1D 709.29 327 5.298 115.470 45.882 16.689 slender
1E 596.18 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 18.203 slender

2A 941.71 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 14.484 slender

2B 1241.48 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 12.615 Slender

2C 1021.66 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 13.906 Slender

2D 1031.78 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 13.837 Slender

2E 951.08 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 14.412 Slender

3A 759.19 327 6.741 115.470 58.379 16.131 Slender

3B 1176.59 327 4.803 115.470 41.595 12.958 Slender

3C 989.56 327 5.409 115.470 46.843 14.129 Slender

3D 1016.42 327 4.803 115.470 41.595 13.941 Slender

3E 953.43 327 6.012 115.470 52.065 14.395 Slender

4D 604.61 327 5.298 115.470 45.882 18.076 Slender

4E 598.23 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 18.172 Slender

5A 759.1 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 16.132 Slender

5B 1180.81 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 12.935 Slender

5C 881.1 327 5.298 115.470 45.882 14.974 Slender

6A 944.13 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 14.465 slender

6B 1253.75 327 4.720 115.470 40.876 12.553 Slender
6C 906.19 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 14.765 Slender

7A 587.43 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 18.339 Slender

7B 941.98 327 5.298 115.470 45.882 14.482 Slender

7C 574.4 327 5.867 115.470 50.810 18.545 Slender

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 468
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 23: 2nd floor Columns

Effective Limit
length, Actual
Axial Height Slenderness
COLUMNS = slenderness Remark
load(KN) (mm) ratio,
( )

1A 681.02 327 5.339145 115.470 46.238 17.032 Slender

1B 1076.1 327 4.351441 115.470 37.685 13.549 Slender

1C 817.15 327 3.794891 115.470 32.865 15.549 Slender

1D 847.73 327 4.89544 115.470 42.396 15.266 Slender

1E 109.3 327 5.339145 115.470 46.238 42.514 Slender

2A 1131.61 327 5.339145 115.470 46.238 13.213 Slender

2B 1502.33 327 4.420542 115.470 38.283 11.467 Slender

2C 1233.63 327 4.420542 115.470 38.283 12.655 Slender

2D 1249.87 327 4.420542 115.470 38.283 12.572 Slender

2E 1141.88 327 4.420542 115.470 38.283 13.153 Slender

3A 908.6 327 6.102276 115.470 52.847 14.745 Slender

3B 1428.1 327 4.420542 115.470 38.283 11.762 Slender

3C 1196.2 327 4.89544 115.470 42.396 12.851 Slender

3D 1231.95 327 4.420542 115.470 38.283 12.663 Slender

3E 1144.63 327 5.339145 115.470 46.238 13.137 Slender

4D 720.42 327 4.89544 115.470 42.396 16.560 Slender

4E 712.53 327 5.339145 115.470 46.238 16.651 Slender

5A 908.38 327 5.339145 115.470 46.238 14.747 Slender

5B 1433.73 327 4.420542 115.470 38.283 11.738 Slender

5C 1066.65 327 4.89544 115.470 42.396 13.609 Slender

6A 1134.14 327 5.339145 115.470 46.238 13.198 Slender

6B 1516.95 327 4.420542 115.470 38.283 11.412 Slender

6C 1095.77 327 5.339145 115.470 46.238 13.427 Slender

7A 698 327 5.339145 115.470 46.238 16.823 Slender

7B 1125.2 327 4.89544 115.470 42.396 13.250 Slender

7C 684.89 327 5.339145 115.470 46.238 16.984 Slender

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 469
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 24: 1st floor Columns

Effective Limit
length, Actual
Axial Height Slenderness
COLUMNS = slenderness Remark
load(KN) (mm) ratio,
( )

1A 878.92 327 5.365 115.470 46.459 14.992 slender

1B 1417.3 327 4.367 115.470 37.820 11.806 slender
1C 1058.3 327 3.804 115.470 32.946 13.663 Slendert
1D 1102.79 327 4.915 115.470 42.562 13.384 Slender

1E 911.5 327 5.365 115.470 46.459 14.722 Slender

2A 1492.8 327 5.365 115.470 46.459 11.504 Slender

2B 2011.69 327 4.435 115.470 38.406 9.910 Slender

2C 1642.21 327 4.435 115.470 38.406 10.968 Slender

2D 1673.6 327 4.435 115.470 38.406 10.865 Slender

2E 1511.11 327 4.435 115.470 38.406 11.434 Slender

3A 1343.23 327 6.133 115.470 53.114 12.127 Slender

3B 1670.12 327 4.435 115.470 38.406 10.876 Slender

3C 1388.19 327 4.915 115.470 42.562 11.929 Slender

3D 1656.1 327 4.435 115.470 38.406 10.922 Slender

3E 1514.69 327 5.365 115.470 46.459 11.420 Slender

4D 926.13 327 4.915 115.470 42.562 14.605 Slender

4E 916.99 327 5.365 115.470 46.459 14.678 Slender

5A 1342.78 327 5.365 115.470 46.459 12.129 Slender

5B 1934.87 327 4.435 115.470 38.406 10.105 Slender

5C 1474.59 327 4.915 115.470 42.562 11.575 Slender

6A 1496.65 327 5.365 115.470 46.459 11.489 Slender

6B 1766.83 327 4.435 115.470 38.406 10.574 Slender

6C 1461.47 327 5.365 115.470 46.459 11.626 Slender

7A 895.73 327 5.365 115.470 46.459 14.851 Slender

7B 1468.96 327 4.915 115.470 42.562 11.597 Slender

7C 881.89 327 5.365 115.470 46.459 14.967 Slender

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 470
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 25: foundation Columns

Effective Limit
Actual
Axial Height length, Slenderness
COLUMNS = slenderness Remark
load(KN) (mm) ratio,
( )

1A 874.16 327 7.999 115.470 69.274 15.033 Slender

1B 1412.51 327 6.969 115.470 60.351 11.826 Slender

1C 1053.54 327 6.969 115.470 60.351 13.694 Slender

1D 1098.1 327 6.969 115.470 60.351 13.413 Slender

1E 906.74 327 7.999 115.470 69.274 14.761 Slender

2A 1488 327 7.999 115.470 69.274 11.522 Slender

2B 2006.93 327 6.056 115.470 52.446 9.921 Slender

2C 1637.49 327 5.995 115.470 51.918 10.984 Slender

2D 1668.79 327 5.995 115.470 51.918 10.880 Slender

2E 1506.35 327 7.999 115.470 69.274 11.452 Slender

3A 1338.6 327 7.999 115.470 69.274 12.148 Slender

3B 1924.38 327 6.056 115.470 52.446 10.132 Slender

3C 1594.5 327 6.969 115.470 60.351 11.131 Slender

3D 1651.36 327 5.995 115.470 51.918 10.938 Slender

3E 1509.98 327 7.999 115.470 69.274 11.438 Slender

4A 922.14 327 7.999 115.470 69.274 14.637 Slender

4B 841.98 327 6.388 115.470 55.325 15.318 Slender

4D 921.36 327 5.443 115.470 47.139 14.643 Slender

4E 912.28 327 7.999 115.470 69.274 14.716 Slender

5A 1338.1 327 7.999 115.470 69.274 12.151 Slender

5B 1930.15 327 6.056 115.470 52.446 10.117 Slender

5C 1469.88 327 6.969 115.470 60.351 11.593 Slender

6A 1489.93 327 6.056 115.470 52.446 11.515 Slender

6B 2024.75 327 7.999 115.470 69.274 9.878 Slender

6C 1456.7 327 5.995 115.470 51.918 11.646 Slender

7A 890.97 327 6.969 115.470 60.351 14.891 Slender

7B 1468.96 327 7.999 115.470 69.274 11.597 Slender

7C 877.18 327 6.969 115.470 60.351 15.007 Slender

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 471
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

6.4.3. Eccentricities
Table 6. 26: Roof Columns
Effective accidental Equivalent Second order
length eccentricity eccentricity eccentricity
COLUMNS
1 2 1 2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1A 5.298 0 9.915 0.000 16.48 21.98 -21.81 24.63 412.00 205.21 - -
1B 3.624 4.679 7.248 9.358 -0.199 -0.149 -19.55 20.85 -1.34 187.16 - -
1C 3.624 3.995 7.248 7.989 -11.67 -8.75 -19.24 20.47 -75.69 177.08 - -
1D 0 3.995 0.000 7.989 -13.94 15.62 -18.49 19.47 82.71 103.10 - -
1E 0 5.867 0.000 11.734 -25.19 25.08 -21.13 23.77 165.24 156.61 - -

2A 3.605 3.06 7.210 6.120 16.22 21.63 -37.01 40.35 239.76 198.79 - -
2B 4.536 4.679 9.071 9.358 -0.37 -0.28 -33.19 28.15 -2.55 256.03 - -
2C 4.166 3.995 8.332 7.989 -12.52 -9.39 -32.92 -27.44 -85.97 -251.22 - -
2D 4.166 3.995 8.332 7.989 9.66 12.88 -32.3 26.74 310.20 286.22 - -
2E 4.166 3.995 8.332 7.989 -20.64 -15.48 -38.33 41.26 -76.51 203.93 - -

3A 0 0 0.000 0.000 17.1 22.78 -51.18 43.78 314.15 268.26 - -

3B 4.416 4.679 8.833 9.358 -1.16 -0.87 -42.25 44.64 -11.25 577.49 - -
3C 4.957 3.995 9.915 7.989 -11.53 -8.65 -34.38 38.6 -90.89 405.57 - -
3D 4.416 3.995 8.833 7.989 10.28 13.71 -29.94 34.93 366.55 415.09 - -
3E 4.416 0 8.833 0.000 -20.55 -15.41 -39.96 37.22 -75.79 183.06 - -

4B 0 3.864 0.000 7.728 -4.27 -3.2 -0.394 0.435 -17.64 2.40 - -

4D 0 3.995 0.000 7.989 -18.72 -21.86 -22.28 21.19 307.98 329.62 - -
4E 4.119 0 8.239 0.000 -24.48 24.1 -22.85 20.37 143.77 121.52 - -
5A 3.661 0 7.321 0.000 17.14 22.85 43.78 51.25 314.80 738.74 - -
5B 4.416 4.679 8.833 9.358 -0.79 -0.59 -45.15 42.86 -7.70 559.17 - -
5C 4.957 4.150 9.915 8.300 -21.31 -15.98 -36.03 31.58 -198.57 392.42 - -
6A 4.416 0 8.833 0.000 16.45 21.93 -39.24 36.15 241.92 177.23 - -
6B 4.416 4.679 8.833 9.358 -0.83 0.92 -25.63 31.18 8.05 272.73 - -
6C 4.416 0 8.833 0.000 -22.95 17.59 -25.97 31.76 188.48 340.32 - -
7A 0 0 0.000 0.000 -26.52 26.14 -23.44 20.97 155.11 124.43 - -
7B 0 4.679 0.000 9.358 -0.64 0.7 -18.16 17.55 2.98 74.60 - -
7C 0 0 0.000 0.000 26.96 27.46 -19.31 18.35 474.00 127.63 -

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 472
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 27: 6th floor Column

accidental Equivalent Second order
Effective length eccentricity eccentricity eccentricity
COLUMNS
1 2 1 2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1A 3.873 5.867 7.745 11.734 -37.73 47.61 24.39 21.76 116.24 139.24 19.54 44.85
1B 3.873 4.679 7.745 9.358 -1.56 -1.24 -23.82 -21.05 -2.03 -34.42 19.54 28.52
1C 3.873 3.99 7.745 7.989 -26.55 20.92 -23.57 20.78 44.69 44.39 19.54 20.79
1D 5.298 3.99 10.595 7.989 -23.89 30.61 -23.09 20.27 58.65 38.84 36.57 20.79
1E 5.298 5.867 10.595 11.734 -49.38 37.18 -24.11 21.29 80.66 46.19 36.57 44.85

2A 4.7195 5.867 9.439 11.734 -37.47 47.36 -61.36 47.29 73.71 73.60 29.02 44.85
2B 4.719 4.679 9.439 9.358 -1.84 -1.39 -61.23 49.32 -1.92 68.23 29.02 28.52
2C 4.719 3.99 9.439 7.989 -27.4 21.94 -61.1 49.29 35.57 79.91 29.02 20.79
2D 4.719 3.99 9.439 7.989 -23.57 30.31 -60.57 48.77 50.34 81.00 29.02 20.79
2E 4.719 3.99 9.439 7.989 -49.56 30.28 -60.93 47.88 46.68 73.81 29.02 20.79

3A 6.741 5.867 13.481 11.734 -38.48 48.38 65.47 87.29 90.91 369.06 59.20 44.85
3B 4.803 4.769 9.606 9.540 -0.93 -0.7 -58.99 71.88 -1.07 109.52 30.06 29.64
3C 5.409 4.051 10.818 8.102 -26.19 20.78 -54.22 66.56 35.40 113.39 38.12 21.38
3D 4.803 4.051 9.606 8.102 24.83 51.47 50.86 62.75 174.75 248.30 30.06 21.38
3E 4.803 6.012 9.606 12.023 -49.72 38.29 -46.96 59.8 58.83 91.87 30.06 47.09

4D 5.298 3.99 10.595 7.989 37.88 50.51 -22.81 26.63 246.85 57.84 36.57 20.79
4E 4.402 5.867 8.804 11.734 -51.51 -38.63 -20.48 23.49 -84.20 51.20 25.25 44.85
0.000 0.000
5A 3.912 5.867 7.823 11.734 38.78 48.15 -87.46 -65.59 208.51 -123.20 19.94 44.85
5B 4.719 4.679 9.439 9.358 -0.36 0.33 -72.48 59.61 0.52 94.32 29.02 28.52
5C 5.29 4.15 10.595 8.300 -45.1 35.81 -64.37 51.99 69.13 100.37 36.57 22.44

6A 4.72 5.87 9.439 11.734 -37.16 47 -46.42 60.53 72.81 93.77 29.02 44.85
6B 4.72 4.68 9.439 9.358 -0.6 0.6 -47.65 59.6 0.82 81.33 29.02 28.52
6C 4.72 5.87 9.439 11.734 -47.65 37.74 -48.33 60.11 69.50 110.69 29.02 44.85

7A 5.29 5.87 10.595 11.734 -36.33 46.98 -20.98 23.63 102.63 51.62 36.57 44.85
7B 5.29 4.68 10.595 9.358 -0.45 0.44 -19.5 22.29 0.65 32.77 36.57 28.52
7C 5.29 5.87 10.595 11.734 -47.5 36.79 -20.05 22.86 85.83 53.33 36.57 44.85

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 473
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 28: 5th floor Column

accidental Equivalent Second order
Effective length eccentricity eccentricity eccentricity
COLUMNS
1 2 1 2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1A 3.873 5.867 7.745 11.734 -46.49 35.45 -21.22 24.11 41.01 27.89 19.54 44.85
1B 3.873 4.679 7.745 9.358 1.13 1.51 -20.59 23.59 2.53 17.58 19.54 28.52
1C 3.873 3.99 7.745 7.989 -20.27 26.22 -20.41 23.39 25.55 22.79 19.54 20.79
1D 5.298 3.99 10.595 7.989 -30.27 23.17 -20.04 22.98 21.01 20.84 36.57 20.79
1E 5.298 5.867 10.595 11.734 36.7 49.93 -20.99 23.97 120.92 25.97 36.57 44.85

2A 4.7195 5.867 9.439 11.734 -46.3 35.24 -46.6 61.02 24.19 41.88 29.02 44.85
2B 4.719 4.679 9.439 9.358 1.3 1.7 -46.58 59.9 2.07 32.14 29.02 28.52
2C 4.719 3.99 9.439 7.989 -20.9 26.87 -46.45 59.68 17.55 38.97 29.02 20.79
2D 4.719 3.99 9.439 7.989 -29.77 22.74 -46.10 59.27 14.66 38.21 29.02 20.79
2E 4.719 3.99 9.439 7.989 36.27 48.36 -47.12 60.56 74.02 41.20 29.02 20.79

3A 6.741 5.867 13.481 11.734 -47.25 36.16 -87.79 -65.84 31.05 -56.54 59.20 44.85
3B 4.803 4.769 9.606 9.540 0.60 0.81 -70.59 56.35 1.03 32.01 30.06 29.64
3C 5.409 4.051 10.818 8.102 -19.86 25.73 -65.17 51.37 17.39 34.71 38.12 21.38
3D 4.803 4.051 9.606 8.102 -30.9 23.62 -61.38 48.04 15.47 31.47 30.06 21.38
3E 4.803 6.012 9.606 12.023 36.39 48.52 -59.54 46.05 74.08 31.25 30.06 47.09

4D 5.298 3.99 10.595 7.989 -49.78 -37.34 -25.38 22.29 -39.88 23.81 36.57 20.79
4E 4.402 5.867 8.804 11.734 38.24 50.98 -23.56 20.22 123.50 21.77 25.25 44.85

5A 3.912 5.867 7.823 11.734 -47.03 36.09 65.90 87.87 31.00 169.83 19.94 44.85
5B 4.719 4.679 9.439 9.358 -0.39 0.468 -56.93 71.17 0.26 40.27 29.02 28.52
5C 5.29 4.15 10.595 8.300 -33.24 44.1 -49.43 63.13 33.46 47.90 36.57 22.44

6A 4.72 5.87 9.439 11.734 -46.06 35.15 -60.29 45.92 24.06 31.44 29.02 44.85
6B 4.72 4.68 9.439 9.358 -0.53 0.553 -58.39 45.15 0.29 23.95 29.02 28.52
6C 4.72 5.87 9.439 11.734 -35.69 46.63 -58.74 45.49 34.33 33.49 29.02 44.85

7A 5.29 5.87 10.595 11.734 -46.61 -35.56 -23.46 20.62 -39.06 22.65 36.57 44.85
7B 5.29 4.68 10.595 9.358 -0.42 0.43 -22.17 19.26 0.29 13.15 36.57 28.52
7C 5.29 5.87 10.595 11.734 -36.04 47.11 -22.69 19.69 53.50 22.36 36.57 44.85

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 474
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 29: 4th floor Columns

accidental Equivalent Second order
Effective length eccentricity eccentricity eccentricity
COLUMNS
1 2 1 2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1A 3.873 5.867 7.745 11.734 -25.67 26.97 -17.54 18.07 23.46 15.72 19.54 44.85
1B 3.873 4.679 7.745 9.358 -0.62 -0.46 -16.92 17.35 -0.26 9.70 19.54 28.52
1C 3.873 3.99 7.745 7.989 -15.82 15.26 -16.71 17.11 11.12 12.46 19.54 20.79
1D 5.298 3.99 10.595 7.989 -16.69 17.42 -16.41 16.78 12.11 11.67 36.57 20.79
1E 5.298 5.867 10.595 11.734 -27.58 25.85 -17.10 17.53 21.33 14.47 36.57 44.85

2A 4.7195 5.867 9.439 11.734 -25.51 26.82 -36.01 34.89 14.08 18.32 29.02 44.85
2B 4.719 4.679 9.439 9.358 -0.75 -0.56 -36.48 35.19 -0.23 14.20 29.02 28.52
2C 4.719 3.99 9.439 7.989 -16.29 15.77 -36.35 35.05 7.72 17.16 29.02 20.79
2D 4.719 3.99 9.439 7.989 -16.39 17.14 -36.08 34.75 8.32 16.87 29.02 20.79
2E 4.719 3.99 9.439 7.989 -27.33 25.59 -36.72 35.41 13.32 18.43 29.02 20.79

3A 6.741 5.867 13.481 11.734 -26.38 27.63 -41.39 44.94 18.02 29.31 59.20 44.85
3B 4.803 4.769 9.606 9.540 -0.21 -0.16 -43.72 44.62 -0.07 19.04 30.06 29.64
3C 5.409 4.051 10.818 8.102 -15.38 14.83 -39.12 40.48 7.51 20.49 38.12 21.38
3D 4.803 4.051 9.606 8.102 -17.1 17.87 -36.65 37.79 8.81 18.64 30.06 21.38
3E 4.803 6.012 9.606 12.023 -27.31 25.50 -34.71 35.96 13.24 18.67 30.06 47.09

4D 5.298 3.99 10.595 7.989 -24.75 26.89 -18.98 18.41 21.91 15.00 36.57 20.79
4E 4.402 5.867 8.804 11.734 -17.10 16.60 -17.10 16.60 13.66 13.66 25.25 44.85
0.000 0.000
5A 3.912 5.867 7.823 11.734 -26.44 27.62 -45.18 41.62 18.02 27.15 19.94 44.85
5B 4.719 4.679 9.439 9.358 -0.35 0.27 -45.22 44.31 0.11 18.84 29.02 28.52
5C 5.29 4.15 10.595 8.300 -26.11 24.98 -38.79 37.54 14.21 21.35 36.57 22.44

6A 4.72 5.87 9.439 11.734 -25.61 26.85 -33.69 35.23 14.07 18.46 29.02 44.85
6B 4.72 4.68 9.439 9.358 -0.56 0.56 -33.88 35.21 0.22 14.06 29.02 28.52
6C 4.72 5.87 9.439 11.734 -27.51 26.28 -34.29 35.56 14.52 19.64 29.02 44.85

7A 5.29 5.87 10.595 11.734 -25.9 27.12 -17.37 16.85 22.71 14.11 36.57 44.85
7B 5.29 4.68 10.595 9.358 -0.46 0.46 -16.14 15.75 0.24 8.25 36.57 28.52
7C 5.29 5.87 10.595 11.734 -27.70 26.46 -16.56 16.13 22.76 13.87 36.57 44.85

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 475
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 30: 3rd floor Columns

accidental Equivalent Second order
Effective length eccentricity eccentricity eccentricity
COLUMNS
1 2 1 2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1A 3.873 5.867 7.745 11.734 -29.67 30.83 -16.79 16.83 21.63 11.82 19.54 44.85
1B 3.873 4.679 7.745 9.358 -0.99 0.769 -16.61 16.49 0.34 7.38 19.54 28.52
1C 3.873 3.99 7.745 7.989 -17.22 16.65 -16.49 16.39 9.75 9.60 19.54 20.79
1D 5.298 3.99 10.595 7.989 19.1 19.75 -16.3 16.13 27.48 9.10 36.57 20.79
1E 5.298 5.867 10.595 11.734 -32.13 30.54 -16.87 16.76 20.49 11.24 36.57 44.85

2A 4.7195 5.867 9.439 11.734 -29.53 30.7 -41.26 39.21 13.04 16.65 29.02 44.85
2B 4.719 4.679 9.439 9.358 -1.11 0.89 -40.31 38.89 0.29 12.53 29.02 28.52
2C 4.719 3.99 9.439 7.989 -17.58 17.04 -40.14 38.77 6.67 15.18 29.02 20.79
2D 4.719 3.99 9.439 7.989 -18.83 19.53 -39.89 38.54 7.57 14.94 29.02 20.79
2E 4.719 3.99 9.439 7.989 -31.93 30.32 -40.46 39.15 12.75 16.47 29.02 20.79

3A 6.741 5.867 13.481 11.734 -30.22 31.35 -55.58 63.1 16.52 33.25 59.20 44.85
3B 4.803 4.769 9.606 9.540 -0.48 -0.36 -46.93 48.35 -0.12 16.44 30.06 29.64
3C 5.409 4.051 10.818 8.102 -16.84 16.25 -42.81 44.12 6.57 17.83 38.12 21.38
3D 4.803 4.051 9.606 8.102 -19.58 20.29 -40.12 41.35 7.98 16.27 30.06 21.38
3E 4.803 6.012 9.606 12.023 -32.03 30.41 -38.35 39.59 12.76 16.61 30.06 47.09

4D 5.298 3.99 10.595 7.989 -30.83 32.47 -17.99 18.01 21.48 11.92 36.57 20.79
4E 4.402 5.867 8.804 11.734 -33.32 31.51 -16.21 16.25 21.07 10.87 25.25 44.85

5A 3.912 5.867 7.823 11.734 -30.13 31.26 -63.25 55.61 16.47 29.30 19.94 44.85
5B 4.719 4.679 9.439 9.358 -0.35 0.27 -48.56 47.37 0.09 16.05 29.02 28.52
5C 5.29 4.15 10.595 8.300 -29.12 28.04 -42.74 41.27 12.73 18.74 36.57 22.44

6A 4.72 5.87 9.439 11.734 -29.39 30.53 -38.72 40.69 12.93 17.24 29.02 44.85
6B 4.72 4.68 9.439 9.358 -0.385 0.361 -37.89 39.26 0.12 12.53 29.02 28.52
6C 4.72 5.87 9.439 11.734 -30.98 29.73 -38.1 39.39 13.12 17.39 29.02 44.85

7A 5.29 5.87 10.595 11.734 -29.62 30.74 -16.43 16.3 20.93 11.10 36.57 44.85
7B 5.29 4.68 10.595 9.358 -0.32 0.29 -15.58 15.64 0.12 6.64 36.57 28.52
7C 5.29 5.87 10.595 11.734 -31.19 29.93 -15.87 15.93 20.84 11.09 36.57 44.85

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 476
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 31: 2nd floor Columns

accidental Equivalent Second order
Effective length eccentricity eccentricity eccentricity
COLUMNS
1 2 1 2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1A 3.739 5.34 7.478 10.678 -21.26 20.82 -9.45 10.34 12.23 6.07 18.22 37.14
1B 3.739 4.35 7.478 8.703 -0.69 0.65 -9.14 10.19 0.24 3.79 18.22 24.67
1C 3.7399 3.79 7.478 7.590 -11.56 11.65 -9.1 10.14 5.70 4.96 18.22 18.76
1D 4.8951 3.79 9.791 7.590 -13.8 13.7 -9.02 10.1 6.46 4.77 31.23 18.76
1E 4.895 5.34 9.791 10.678 -21.89 22.16 -9.25 10.38 81.10 37.99 31.23 37.14

2A 4.421 5.34 8.841 10.678 -21.19 20.77 -24.81 27.03 7.34 9.55 25.46 37.14
2B 4.421 4.35 8.841 8.703 -0.76 0.72 -26.03 27.11 0.19 7.22 25.46 24.67
2C 4.4212 3.79 8.841 7.590 -11.71 11.84 -26 27.05 3.84 8.77 25.46 18.76
2D 4.421 3.795 8.841 7.590 -13.69 13.6 -25.93 26.94 4.35 8.62 25.46 18.76
2E 4.421 3.795 8.841 7.590 -21.82 22.06 -26.16 27.24 7.73 9.54 25.46 18.76

3A 6.102 5.339 12.205 10.678 -21.51 21.03 -30.74 -23.1 9.26 -10.17 48.52 37.14
3B 4.421 4.35 8.841 8.703 -0.76 -0.57 -31.8 29.59 -0.16 8.29 25.46 24.67
3C 4.895 3.7951 9.791 7.590 -11.19 11.36 -29.53 28.1 3.80 9.40 31.23 18.76
3D 4.421 3.795 8.841 7.590 -14.12 13.96 -27.81 26.57 4.53 8.63 25.46 18.76
3E 4.421 5.339 8.841 10.678 -21.91 22.16 -26.78 25.73 7.74 8.99 25.46 37.14

4D 4.895 3.795 9.791 7.590 -23.01 22.94 -11.11 9.82 12.74 5.45 31.23 18.76
4E 4.163 5.3391454 8.326 10.678 -23.14 23.28 -10.1 9 13.07 5.05 22.58 37.14

5A 3.770 5.339 7.540 10.678 -21.28 20.64 23.04 30.72 9.09 30.44 18.52 37.14
5B 4.421 4.351 8.841 8.703 -0.19 -0.15 -29.87 31.98 -0.04 8.92 25.46 24.67
5C 4.895 3.92 9.791 7.841 -20.65 20.38 -27.52 28.73 7.64 10.77 31.23 20.03

6A 4.421 5.339 8.841 10.678 -21.02 20.63 -26.88 24.54 7.28 8.66 25.46 37.14
6B 4.421 4.351 8.841 8.703 0.063 0.083 -26.65 25.54 0.05 6.73 25.46 24.67
6C 4.421 5.339 8.841 10.678 -20.56 21.03 -26.71 25.64 7.68 9.36 25.46 37.14

7A 4.895 5.339 9.791 10.678 -21.13 20.73 -10.19 9.14 11.88 5.24 31.23 37.14
7B 4.895 4.351441 9.791 8.703 0.046 0.062 -9.76 8.67 0.05 3.08 31.23 24.67
7C 4.895 5.339145 9.791 10.678 -20.58 21.12 -9.9 8.79 12.33 5.13 31.23 37.14

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 477
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 32: 1st floor Columns

accidental Equivalent Second order
Effective length eccentricity eccentricity eccentricity
COLUMNS
1 2 1 2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1A 3.745 5.365 7.491 10.729 -29.69 26.25 -10.59 12.21 11.95 5.56 18.43 37.81
1B 3.745 4.367 7.491 8.734 0.91 1.21 -10.4 11.82 0.77 3.34 18.43 25.06
1C 3.745 3.804 7.491 7.609 -16.24 19.91 10.57 11.95 7.53 10.77 18.43 19.02
1D 4.915 3.804 9.829 7.609 -22.58 17.86 8.87 11.82 6.48 9.65 31.74 19.02
1E 4.915 5.365 9.829 10.729 -28.19 32.04 -10.68 12.2 14.06 5.35 31.74 37.81

2A 4.435 5.365 8.869 10.729 -29.59 26.16 -29.64 33.02 7.01 8.85 25.84 37.81
2B 4.435 4.367 8.869 8.734 -0.94 1.23 -31.39 35.84 0.24 7.13 25.84 25.06
2C 4.435 3.804 8.869 7.609 -16.41 20.02 -31.65 36.12 4.88 8.80 25.84 19.02
2D 4.435 3.804 8.869 7.609 -22.51 17.7 -31.44 35.95 4.23 8.59 25.84 19.02
2E 4.435 3.804 8.869 7.609 -28.22 32.04 -31.77 36.36 8.48 9.62 25.84 19.02

3A 6.133 5.365 12.266 10.729 -29.67 26.1 -3.85 3.195 7.77 0.95 49.42 37.81
3B 4.435 4.367 8.869 8.734 0.87 1.17 -38.7 -29.03 0.63 -6.95 25.84 25.06
3C 4.915 3.804 9.829 7.609 13.17 17.55 -37.49 -28.12 11.38 -8.10 31.74 19.02
3D 4.435 3.804 8.869 7.609 -22.86 17.96 -36.22 31.29 4.34 7.56 25.84 19.02
3E 4.435 5.365 8.869 10.729 -8.4 32.26 -35.24 30.61 10.56 8.08 25.84 37.81

4D 4.915 3.804 9.829 7.609 -32.84 28.29 -12.28 10.35 12.22 4.47 31.74 19.02
4E 4.174 5.3654 8.348 10.729 -29.31 33.74 -11.34 9.72 14.72 4.24 22.89 37.81

5A 3.777 5.365 7.554 10.729 -30.18 27.28 -3.83 3.85 8.13 1.15 18.74 37.81
5B 4.435 4.367 8.869 8.734 -5.14 5.07 -32.68 38.55 1.05 7.97 25.84 25.06
5C 4.915 3.931 9.829 7.862 17.31 23.1 -31.94 37.13 14.09 10.07 31.74 20.31

6A 4.435 5.365 8.869 10.729 -29.63 25.58 -33.68 30.27 6.84 8.09 25.84 37.81
6B 4.435 4.367 8.869 8.734 0.53 0.711 -35.84 31.41 0.36 7.11 25.84 25.06
6C 4.435 5.365 8.869 10.729 -26.19 29.94 -35.74 31.24 8.19 8.55 25.84 37.81

7A 4.915 5.365 9.829 10.729 -29.71 25.49 -12.75 11.11 11.38 4.96 31.74 37.81
7B 4.915 4.367 9.829 8.734 -0.76 0.8 -11.79 10.39 0.22 2.83 31.74 25.06
7C 4.915 5.365 9.829 10.729 -26.59 30.15 -11.66 10.21 13.68 4.63 31.74 37.81

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 478
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 33: Foundation Column

accidental Equivalent Second order
Effective length eccentricity eccentricity eccentricity
COLUMNS
1 2 1 2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1A 6.969 7.999 13.938 15.998 -29.42 -22.1 6.43 8.57 10.11 8.82 60.09 79.16
1B 6.969 6.056 13.938 12.112 0.9 1.2 6.58 8.78 0.76 5.59 60.09 45.37
1C 6.969 4.872 13.938 9.744 14.89 19.87 6.56 8.76 16.97 7.48 60.09 29.37
1D 6.969 4.872 13.938 9.744 -22.23 16.62 6.73 8.98 6.05 7.36 60.09 29.37
1E 6.969 7.999 13.938 15.998 23.69 31.59 6.89 9.198 31.35 9.13 60.09 79.16

2A 5.995 7.999 11.990 15.998 -29 -21.69 23.1 30.81 -5.83 18.63 44.47 79.16
2B 5.995 6.056 11.990 12.112 0.916 1.22 24.36 32.49 0.55 14.57 44.47 45.37
2C 5.995 4.872 11.990 9.744 14.74 19.72 24.02 32.12 10.83 17.64 44.47 29.37
2D 5.995 4.872 11.990 9.744 -22.46 -16.84 24.73 32.98 -4.04 17.79 44.47 29.37
2E 5.995 7.999 11.990 15.998 23.68 31.59 24.85 33.14 18.87 19.80 44.47 79.16

3A 5.995 7.999 11.990 15.998 -28.42 -21.19 -3.73 -2.78 -6.33 -0.83 44.47 79.16
3B 5.995 6.056 11.990 12.112 -0.16 -0.12 -34.226 -25.55 -0.02 -5.31 44.47 45.37
3C 6.969 4.872 13.938 9.744 15.04 20.17 -33.97 -25.34 11.36 -6.36 60.09 29.37
3D 5.995 4.872 11.990 9.744 -22.51 -16.83 -32.94 -24.64 -4.08 -5.97 44.47 29.37
3E 5.995 7.999 11.990 15.998 23.37 31.25 -32.57 -24.37 18.61 -6.46 44.47 79.16

4A 5.443 7.999 10.886 15.998 12.02 16.02 0.048 0.064 15.64 0.06 36.66 79.16
4B 5.443 6.388 10.886 12.777 28 37.46 -0.154 -0.1154 40.00 -0.05 36.66 50.49
4D 5.443 4.872 10.886 9.744 -32.78 -24.57 -9.56 -7.17 -10.67 -3.11 36.66 29.37
4E 6.969 7.999 13.938 15.998 24.45 32.71 -9.13 -6.83 32.23 -2.99 60.09 79.16

5A 5.995 7.999 11.990 15.998 -26.73 -20 2.84 3.79 -5.98 2.55 44.47 79.16
5B 5.995 6.056 11.990 12.112 3703 4.97 25.96 34.71 768.95 16.17 44.47 45.37
5C 6.969 4.872 13.938 9.744 6.2 8.3 25.58 34.21 5.08 20.93 60.09 29.37

6A 5.995 6.056 11.990 12.112 -29.19 -21.83 -30.89 -23.1 -5.86 -6.20 44.47 45.37
6B 5.995 7.999 11.990 15.998 0.354 0.472 -32.44 -24.32 0.21 -4.80 44.47 79.16
6C 5.995 3.060 11.990 6.120 21.9 29.22 -32.52 -24.38 18.05 -6.69 44.47 11.59

7A 6.969 6.056 13.938 12.112 -29.65 -22.23 -8.53 -6.39 -9.98 -2.87 60.09 45.37
7B 6.969 7.999 13.938 15.998 -0.558 -0.418 -8.71 -6.53 -0.11 -1.78 60.09 79.16
7C 6.969 3.060 13.938 6.120 21.91 29.29 -8.67 -6.49 30.03 -2.96 60.09 11.59

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 479
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

6.3.4. Total moment / design moment

Table 6. 34: Roof Columns
Accidental
Equivalent Second order
eccentricity
eccentricity, eccentricity, 2
COLUMNS , Total eccentrics, Total Moment
2 2 , ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( . ) ( . )
1A 412 205.21 - - 9.95 0 215.125 412 48.01 10.328 19.780
1B -1.34 187.16 - - 7.248 9.358 194.408 8.018 44.56 8.663 0.357
1C -75.69 177.08 - - 7.248 7.989 184.328 -67.701 46.24 8.523 -3.130
1D 82.71 103.1 - - 0 7.989 103.1 90.699 75.54 7.788 6.851
1E 165.24 156.61 - - 0 11.734 156.61 176.974 60.71 9.508 10.744

2A 239.76 198.79 - - 7.21 6.12 206 245.88 81.19 16.725 19.963

2B -2.55 256.03 - - 9.071 9.358 265.101 6.808 43.98 11.659 0.299
2C -85.97 -251.22 - - 8.332 7.989 -242.888 -77.981 43.69 -10.612 -3.407
2D 310.2 286.22 - - 8.332 7.989 294.552 318.189 37.37 11.007 11.891
2E -76.51 203.93 - - 8.332 7.989 212.262 -68.521 80.93 17.178 -5.545

3A 314.15 268.26 - - 0 0 268.26 314.15 65.28 17.512 20.508

3B -11.25 577.49 - - 8.833 9.358 586.323 -1.892 30.92 18.129 -0.059
3C -90.89 405.57 - - 9.915 7.989 415.485 -82.901 38.07 15.818 -3.156
3D 366.55 415.09 - - 8.833 7.989 423.923 374.539 33.66 14.269 12.607
3E -75.79 183.06 - - 8.833 0 191.893 -75.79 81.33 15.607 -6.164

4B -17.64 2.4 - - 0 7.728 2.4 -9.912 72.56 0.174 -0.719

4D 307.98 329.62 - - 0 7.989 329.62 315.969 66.9 22.052 21.138
4E 143.77 121.52 - - 8.239 0 129.759 143.77 67.05 8.700 9.640
5A 314.8 738.74 - - 7.321 0 746.061 314.8 65.33 48.740 20.566
5B -7.7 559.17 - - 8.833 9.358 568.003 1.658 30.66 17.415 0.051
5C -198.57 392.42 - - 9.915 8.3 402.335 -190.27 32.19 12.951 -6.125
6A 241.92 177.23 - - 8.833 0 186.063 241.92 81.59 15.181 19.738
6B 8.05 272.73 - - 8.833 9.358 281.563 17.408 45.73 12.876 0.796
6C 188.48 340.32 - - 8.833 0 349.153 188.48 37.33 13.034 7.036
7A 155.11 124.43 - - 0 0 124.43 155.11 67.41 8.388 10.456
7B 2.98 74.6 - - 0 9.358 74.6 12.338 94.1 7.020 1.161
7C 474 127.63 - 0 0 127.63 474 57.51 7.340 27.260

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 480
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 35: 6th Columns

Accidental
Equivalent Second order
eccentricity Total
eccentricity, eccentricity, 2
COLUMNS , eccentricity, Total Moment
2 2 , ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( . ) ( . )
1A 116.24 139.24 19.54 44.85 7.745 11.734 166.25 172.824 163.83 27.282 28.314
1B -2.03 -34.42 19.54 28.52 7.745 9.358 -7.135 35.848 244.66 -1.746 8.771
1C 44.69 44.39 19.54 20.79 7.745 7.989 71.675 73.469 187.23 13.420 13.756
1D 58.65 38.84 36.57 20.79 10.595 7.989 86.005 87.429 208.77 17.955 18.253
1E 80.66 46.19 36.57 44.85 10.595 11.734 93.355 137.244 184.38 17.213 25.305

2A 73.71 73.6 29.02 44.85 9.439 11.734 112.06 130.29 257 28.799 33.486
2B -1.92 68.23 29.02 28.52 9.439 9.358 106.69 35.96 289.12 30.846 10.396
2C 35.57 79.91 29.02 20.79 9.439 7.989 118.37 64.35 246.72 29.204 15.876
2D 50.34 81 29.02 20.79 9.439 7.989 119.46 79.12 240.85 28.772 19.056
2E 46.68 73.81 29.02 20.79 9.439 7.989 112.27 75.46 259.46 29.129 19.579

3A 90.91 369.06 59.2 44.85 13.481 11.734 441.74 147.49 212.87 94.033 31.397
3B -1.07 109.52 30.06 29.64 9.606 9.54 149.19 38.11 262.53 39.166 10.005
3C 35.4 113.39 38.12 21.38 10.818 8.102 162.33 64.88 234.8 38.115 15.234
3D 174.75 248.3 30.06 21.38 9.606 8.102 287.97 204.23 233.56 67.257 47.700
3E 58.83 91.87 30.06 47.09 9.606 12.023 131.54 117.94 260.36 34.247 30.708

4D 246.85 57.84 36.57 20.79 10.595 7.989 105.01 275.63 184.15 19.337 50.757
4E -84.2 51.2 25.25 44.85 8.804 11.734 85.25 -27.62 183.52 15.646 -5.068

5A 208.51 -123.2 19.94 44.85 7.823 11.734 -95.44 265.09 212.95 -20.323 56.452
5B 0.52 94.32 29.02 28.52 9.439 9.358 132.78 38.40 252.81 33.568 9.707
5C 69.13 100.37 36.57 22.44 10.595 8.3 147.54 99.87 207.2 30.569 20.693

6A 72.81 93.77 29.02 44.85 9.439 11.734 132.23 129.39 258.2 34.142 33.410
6B 0.82 81.33 29.02 28.52 9.439 9.358 119.79 38.70 293.13 35.114 11.344
6C 69.5 110.69 29.02 44.85 9.439 11.734 149.15 126.08 217.22 32.398 27.388

7A 102.63 51.62 36.57 44.85 10.595 11.734 98.79 159.21 183.1 18.088 29.152
7B 0.65 32.77 36.57 28.52 10.595 9.358 79.94 38.53 272.1 21.750 10.483
7C 85.83 53.33 36.57 44.85 10.595 11.734 100.50 142.41 171.45 17.230 24.417

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 481
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 36: 5thColumns

Accidental
Equivalent Second order
eccentricity Total
eccentricity, eccentricity, 2
COLUMNS , eccentricity, Total Moment
2 2 , ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( . ) ( . )
1A 41.01 27.89 19.54 44.85 7.745 11.734 55.175 57.594 345.81 19.080 33.749
1B 2.53 17.58 19.54 28.52 7.745 9.358 44.865 40.408 536.74 24.081 21.689
1C 25.55 22.79 19.54 20.79 7.745 7.989 50.075 54.329 410.47 20.554 22.300
1D 21.01 20.84 36.57 20.79 10.595 7.989 68.005 49.789 441.14 30.000 21.964
1E 120.92 25.97 36.57 44.85 10.595 11.734 73.135 177.504 369.14 26.997 65.524

2A 24.19 41.88 29.02 44.85 9.439 11.734 80.34 80.77 582.8 46.822 47.075
2B 2.07 32.14 29.02 28.52 9.439 9.358 70.60 39.95 745.5 52.632 29.781
2C 17.55 38.97 29.02 20.79 9.439 7.989 77.43 46.33 612.55 47.429 28.379
2D 14.66 38.21 29.02 20.79 9.439 7.989 76.67 43.44 620.44 47.569 26.951
2E 74.02 41.2 29.02 20.79 9.439 7.989 79.66 102.80 587.98 46.838 60.444

3A 31.05 -56.54 59.2 44.85 13.481 11.734 16.14 87.63 465.8 7.518 40.820
3B 1.03 32.01 30.06 29.64 9.606 9.54 71.68 40.21 704.1 50.467 28.312
3C 17.39 34.71 38.12 21.38 10.818 8.102 83.65 46.87 591.92 49.513 27.744
3D 15.47 31.47 30.06 21.38 9.606 8.102 71.14 44.95 610.67 43.441 27.451
3E 74.08 31.25 30.06 47.09 9.606 12.023 70.92 133.19 589.45 41.801 78.511

4D -39.88 23.81 36.57 20.79 10.595 7.989 70.98 -11.10 374.5 26.580 -4.157
4E 123.5 21.77 25.25 44.85 8.804 11.734 55.82 180.08 371.53 20.740 66.907

5A 31 169.83 19.94 44.85 7.823 11.734 197.59 87.58 465.66 92.011 40.784
5B 0.26 40.27 29.02 28.52 9.439 9.358 78.73 38.14 706.95 55.657 26.962
5C 33.46 47.9 36.57 22.44 10.595 8.3 95.07 64.20 527.2 50.118 33.846

6A 24.06 31.44 29.02 44.85 9.439 11.734 69.90 80.64 584.26 40.839 47.117
6B 0.29 23.95 29.02 28.52 9.439 9.358 62.41 38.17 753.98 47.055 28.778
6C 34.33 33.49 29.02 44.85 9.439 11.734 71.95 90.91 543.36 39.094 49.399

7A -39.06 22.65 36.57 44.85 10.595 11.734 69.82 17.52 364.16 25.424 6.382
7B 0.29 13.15 36.57 28.52 10.595 9.358 60.32 38.17 585.71 35.327 22.355
7C 53.5 22.36 36.57 44.85 10.595 11.734 69.53 110.08 352.21 24.487 38.773

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 482
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 37: 4thColumns

Accidental
Equivalent Second order
eccentricity
eccentricity, eccentricity, 2
COLUMNS , Total eccentricity, Total Moment
2 2 , ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( . ) ( . )
1A 23.46 15.72 19.54 44.85 7.745 11.734 43.005 80.044 459.78 19.773 36.803
1B -0.26 9.7 19.54 28.52 7.745 9.358 36.985 37.618 715.68 26.469 26.922
1C 11.12 12.46 19.54 20.79 7.745 7.989 39.745 39.899 549.1 21.824 21.909
1D 12.11 11.67 36.57 20.79 10.595 7.989 58.835 40.889 575.26 33.845 23.522
1E 21.33 14.47 36.57 44.85 10.595 11.734 61.635 77.914 484.66 29.872 37.762

2A 14.08 18.32 29.02 44.85 9.439 11.734 56.78 70.66 761.67 43.247 53.823
2B -0.23 14.2 29.02 28.52 9.439 9.358 52.66 37.65 991.44 52.208 37.326
2C 7.72 17.16 29.02 20.79 9.439 7.989 55.62 36.50 816.83 45.431 29.813
2D 8.32 16.87 29.02 20.79 9.439 7.989 55.33 37.10 824 45.591 30.570
2E 13.32 18.43 29.02 20.79 9.439 7.989 56.89 42.10 768.59 43.724 32.357

3A 18.02 29.31 59.2 44.85 13.481 11.734 101.99 74.60 613.24 62.545 45.750
3B -0.07 19.04 30.06 29.64 9.606 9.54 58.71 39.11 937.55 55.040 36.668
3C 7.51 20.49 38.12 21.38 10.818 8.102 69.43 36.99 790.33 54.871 29.236
3D 8.81 18.64 30.06 21.38 9.606 8.102 58.31 38.29 811.11 47.293 31.059
3E 13.24 18.67 30.06 47.09 9.606 12.023 58.34 72.35 770.52 44.949 55.749

4D 21.91 15 36.57 20.79 10.595 7.989 62.17 50.69 490.84 30.513 24.880
4E 13.66 13.66 25.25 44.85 8.804 11.734 47.71 70.24 486.14 23.196 34.148

5A 18.02 27.15 19.94 44.85 7.823 11.734 54.91 74.60 613.17 33.671 45.745
5B 0.11 18.84 29.02 28.52 9.439 9.358 57.30 37.99 940.88 53.911 35.742
5C 14.21 21.35 36.57 22.44 10.595 8.3 68.52 44.95 703.28 48.185 31.612

6A 14.07 18.46 29.02 44.85 9.439 11.734 56.92 70.65 763.2 43.441 53.923
6B 0.22 14.06 29.02 28.52 9.439 9.358 52.52 38.10 1001.65 52.606 38.161
6C 14.52 19.64 29.02 44.85 9.439 11.734 58.10 71.10 724.17 42.074 51.491

7A 22.71 14.11 36.57 44.85 10.595 11.734 61.28 79.29 477.67 29.269 37.876
7B 0.24 8.25 36.57 28.52 10.595 9.358 55.42 38.12 763.82 42.327 29.115
7C 22.76 13.87 36.57 44.85 10.595 11.734 61.04 79.34 465.05 28.384 36.899

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 483
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 38: 3rd Columns

Accidental
Equivalent Second order
eccentricity
eccentricity, eccentricity, 2
COLUMNS , Total eccentricity, Total Moment
2 2 , ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( . ) ( . )
1A 21.63 11.82 19.54 44.85 7.745 11.734 39.105 78.214 570.03 22.291 44.584
1B 0.34 7.38 19.54 28.52 7.745 9.358 34.665 38.218 893.86 30.986 34.162
1C 9.75 9.6 19.54 20.79 7.745 7.989 36.885 38.529 682.98 25.192 26.315
1D 27.48 9.1 36.57 20.79 10.595 7.989 56.265 56.259 709.29 39.908 39.904
1E 20.49 11.24 36.57 44.85 10.595 11.734 58.405 77.074 596.18 34.820 45.950

2A 13.04 16.65 29.02 44.85 9.439 11.734 55.11 69.62 941.71 51.897 65.566
2B 0.29 12.53 29.02 28.52 9.439 9.358 50.99 38.17 1241.48 63.302 47.385
2C 6.67 15.18 29.02 20.79 9.439 7.989 53.64 35.45 1021.66 54.801 36.217
2D 7.57 14.94 29.02 20.79 9.439 7.989 53.40 36.35 1031.78 55.096 37.504
2E 12.75 16.47 29.02 20.79 9.439 7.989 54.93 41.53 951.08 52.242 39.497

3A 16.52 33.25 59.2 44.85 13.481 11.734 105.93 73.10 759.19 80.422 55.500
3B -0.12 16.44 30.06 29.64 9.606 9.54 56.11 39.06 1176.59 66.014 45.958
3C 6.57 17.83 38.12 21.38 10.818 8.102 66.77 36.05 989.56 66.071 35.676
3D 7.98 16.27 30.06 21.38 9.606 8.102 55.94 37.46 1016.42 56.854 38.077
3E 12.76 16.61 30.06 47.09 9.606 12.023 56.28 71.87 953.43 53.655 68.526

4D 21.48 11.92 36.57 20.79 10.595 7.989 59.09 50.26 604.61 35.723 30.387
4E 21.07 10.87 25.25 44.85 8.804 11.734 44.92 77.65 598.23 26.875 46.455

5A 16.47 29.3 19.94 44.85 7.823 11.734 57.06 73.05 759.1 43.317 55.455
5B 0.09 16.05 29.02 28.52 9.439 9.358 54.51 37.97 1180.81 64.365 44.833
5C 12.73 18.74 36.57 22.44 10.595 8.3 65.91 43.47 881.1 58.069 38.301

6A 12.93 17.24 29.02 44.85 9.439 11.734 55.70 69.51 944.13 52.587 65.630
6B 0.12 12.53 29.02 28.52 9.439 9.358 50.99 38.00 1253.75 63.927 47.640
6C 13.12 17.39 29.02 44.85 9.439 11.734 55.85 69.70 906.19 50.610 63.165

7A 20.93 11.1 36.57 44.85 10.595 11.734 58.27 77.51 587.43 34.227 45.534
7B 0.12 6.64 36.57 28.52 10.595 9.358 53.81 38.00 941.98 50.683 35.793
7C 20.84 11.09 36.57 44.85 10.595 11.734 58.26 77.42 574.4 33.462 44.472

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 484
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 39: 2nd Columns

Accidental
Equivalent Second order
eccentricity
eccentricity, eccentricity, 2
COLUMNS , Total eccentricity, Total Moment
2 2 , ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( . ) ( . )
1A 12.23 6.07 18.22 37.14 7.478 10.678 31.768 60.048 681.02 21.635 40.894
1B 0.24 3.79 18.22 24.67 7.478 8.703 29.488 33.613 1076.1 31.732 36.171
1C 5.7 4.96 18.22 18.76 7.478 7.59 30.658 32.05 817.15 25.052 26.190
1D 6.46 4.77 31.23 18.76 9.791 7.59 45.791 32.81 847.73 38.818 27.814
1E 81.1 37.99 31.23 37.14 9.791 10.678 79.011 128.918 109.3 8.636 14.091

2A 7.34 9.55 25.46 37.14 8.841 10.678 43.85 55.16 1131.61 49.622 62.417
2B 0.19 7.22 25.46 24.67 8.841 8.703 41.52 33.56 1502.33 62.378 50.423
2C 3.84 8.77 25.46 18.76 8.841 7.59 43.07 30.19 1233.63 53.134 37.243
2D 4.35 8.62 25.46 18.76 8.841 7.59 42.92 30.70 1249.87 53.646 38.371
2E 7.73 9.54 25.46 18.76 8.841 7.59 43.84 34.08 1141.88 50.061 38.915

3A 9.26 -10.17 48.52 37.14 12.205 10.678 50.56 57.08 908.6 45.934 51.861
3B -0.16 8.29 25.46 24.67 8.841 8.703 42.59 33.21 1428.1 60.824 47.431
3C 3.8 9.4 31.23 18.76 9.791 7.59 50.42 30.15 1196.2 60.314 36.065
3D 4.53 8.63 25.46 18.76 8.841 7.59 42.93 30.88 1231.95 52.889 38.043
3E 7.74 8.99 25.46 37.14 8.841 10.678 43.29 55.56 1144.63 49.552 63.593

4D 12.74 5.45 31.23 18.76 9.791 7.59 46.47 39.09 720.42 33.479 28.161
4E 13.07 5.05 22.58 37.14 8.326 10.678 35.96 60.89 712.53 25.620 43.385

5A 9.09 30.44 18.52 37.14 7.54 10.678 56.50 56.91 908.38 51.323 51.694
5B -0.04 8.92 25.46 24.67 8.841 8.703 43.22 33.33 1433.73 61.967 47.791
5C 7.64 10.77 31.23 20.03 9.791 7.841 51.79 35.51 1066.65 55.243 37.878

6A 7.28 8.66 25.46 37.14 8.841 10.678 42.96 55.10 1134.14 48.724 62.489
6B 0.05 6.73 25.46 24.67 8.841 8.703 41.03 33.42 1516.95 62.242 50.701
6C 7.68 9.36 25.46 37.14 8.841 10.678 43.66 55.50 1095.77 47.842 60.813

7A 11.88 5.24 31.23 37.14 9.791 10.678 46.26 59.70 698 32.290 41.669
7B 0.05 3.08 31.23 24.67 9.791 8.703 44.10 33.42 1125.2 49.622 37.608
7C 12.33 5.13 31.23 37.14 9.791 10.678 46.15 60.15 684.89 31.608 41.195

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 485
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 40: 1st Columns

Accidental
Equivalent Second order
eccentricity
eccentricity, eccentricity, 2
COLUMNS , Total eccentricity, Total Moment
2 2 , ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( . ) ( . )
1A 11.95 5.56 18.43 37.81 7.491 10.729 31.481 60.489 878.92 27.669 53.165
1B 0.77 3.34 18.43 25.06 7.491 8.734 29.261 34.564 1417.3 41.472 48.988
1C 7.53 10.77 18.43 19.02 7.491 7.609 36.691 34.159 1058.3 38.830 36.150
1D 6.48 9.65 31.74 19.02 9.829 7.609 51.219 33.109 1102.79 56.484 36.512
1E 14.06 5.35 31.74 37.81 9.829 10.729 46.919 62.599 911.5 42.767 57.059

2A 7.01 8.85 25.84 37.81 8.869 10.729 43.56 55.55 1492.8 65.025 82.924
2B 0.24 7.13 25.84 25.06 8.869 8.734 41.84 34.03 2011.69 84.167 68.466
2C 4.88 8.8 25.84 19.02 8.869 7.609 43.51 31.51 1642.21 71.451 51.744
2D 4.23 8.59 25.84 19.02 8.869 7.609 43.30 30.86 1673.6 72.465 51.646
2E 8.48 9.62 25.84 19.02 8.869 7.609 44.33 35.11 1511.11 66.986 53.054

3A 7.77 0.95 49.42 37.81 12.266 10.729 62.64 56.31 1343.23 84.135 75.636
3B 0.63 -6.95 25.84 25.06 8.869 8.734 27.76 34.42 1670.12 46.361 57.492
3C 11.38 -8.1 31.74 19.02 9.829 7.609 33.47 38.01 1388.19 46.461 52.764
3D 4.34 7.56 25.84 19.02 8.869 7.609 42.27 30.97 1656.1 70.002 51.288
3E 10.56 8.08 25.84 37.81 8.869 10.729 42.79 59.10 1514.69 64.812 89.517

4D 12.22 4.47 31.74 19.02 9.829 7.609 46.04 38.85 926.13 42.638 35.979
4E 14.72 4.24 22.89 37.81 8.348 10.729 35.48 63.26 916.99 32.533 58.008

5A 8.13 1.15 18.74 37.81 7.554 10.729 27.44 56.67 1342.78 36.851 76.094
5B 1.05 7.97 25.84 25.06 8.869 8.734 42.68 34.84 1934.87 82.578 67.419
5C 14.09 10.07 31.74 20.31 9.829 7.862 51.64 42.26 1474.59 76.146 62.319

6A 6.84 8.09 25.84 37.81 8.869 10.729 42.80 55.38 1496.65 64.055 82.883
6B 0.36 7.11 25.84 25.06 8.869 8.734 41.82 34.15 1766.83 73.887 60.344
6C 8.19 8.55 25.84 37.81 8.869 10.729 43.26 56.73 1461.47 63.222 82.908

7A 11.38 4.96 31.74 37.81 9.829 10.729 46.53 59.92 895.73 41.677 53.671
7B 0.22 2.83 31.74 25.06 9.829 8.734 44.40 34.01 1468.96 65.220 49.965
7C 13.68 4.63 31.74 37.81 9.829 10.729 46.20 62.22 881.89 40.742 54.870

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 486
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 41: Foundation Columns

Accidental
Equivalent Second order
eccentricity
eccentricity, eccentricity, 2
COLUMNS , Total eccentricity, Total Moment
2 2 , ,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( . ) ( . )
1A 10.11 8.82 60.09 79.16 13.938 15.998 82.848 105.268 874.16 72.422 92.021
1B 0.76 5.59 60.09 45.37 13.938 12.112 79.618 58.242 1412.51 112.461 82.267
1C 16.97 7.48 60.09 29.37 13.938 9.744 81.508 56.084 1053.54 85.872 59.087
1D 6.05 7.36 60.09 29.37 13.938 9.744 81.388 45.164 1098.1 89.372 49.595
1E 31.35 9.13 60.09 79.16 13.938 15.998 83.158 126.508 906.74 75.403 114.710

2A -5.83 18.63 44.47 79.16 11.99 15.998 75.09 89.328 1488 111.734 132.920
2B 0.55 14.57 44.47 45.37 11.99 12.112 71.03 58.032 2006.93 142.552 116.466
2C 10.83 17.64 44.47 29.37 11.99 9.744 74.1 49.944 1637.49 121.338 81.783
2D -4.04 17.79 44.47 29.37 11.99 9.744 74.25 35.074 1668.79 123.908 58.531
2E 18.87 19.8 44.47 79.16 11.99 15.998 76.26 114.028 1506.35 114.874 171.766

3A -6.33 -0.83 44.47 79.16 11.99 15.998 55.63 88.828 1338.6 74.466 118.905
3B -0.02 -5.31 44.47 45.37 11.99 12.112 51.15 57.462 1924.38 98.432 110.579
3C 11.36 -6.36 60.09 29.37 13.938 9.744 67.668 50.474 1594.5 107.897 80.481
3D -4.08 -5.97 44.47 29.37 11.99 9.744 50.49 35.034 1651.36 83.377 57.854
3E 18.61 -6.46 44.47 79.16 11.99 15.998 50 113.768 1509.98 75.499 171.787

4A 15.64 0.06 36.66 79.16 10.886 15.998 47.606 110.798 922.14 43.899 102.171
4B 40 -0.05 36.66 50.49 10.886 12.777 47.496 103.267 841.98 39.991 86.949
4D -10.67 -3.11 36.66 29.37 10.886 9.744 44.436 28.444 921.36 40.942 26.207
4E 32.23 -2.99 60.09 79.16 13.938 15.998 71.038 127.388 912.28 64.807 116.214

5A -5.98 2.55 44.47 79.16 11.99 15.998 59.01 89.178 1338.1 78.961 119.329
5B 768.95 16.17 44.47 45.37 11.99 12.112 72.63 826.432 1930.15 140.187 1595.138
5C 5.08 20.93 60.09 29.37 13.938 9.744 94.958 44.194 1469.88 139.577 64.960

6A -5.86 -6.2 44.47 45.37 11.99 12.112 50.26 51.622 1489.93 74.884 76.913
6B 0.21 -4.8 44.47 79.16 11.99 15.998 51.66 95.368 2024.75 104.599 193.096
6C 18.05 -6.69 44.47 11.59 11.99 6.12 49.77 35.76 1456.7 72.500 52.092

7A -9.98 -2.87 60.09 45.37 13.938 12.112 71.158 47.502 890.97 63.400 42.323
7B -0.11 -1.78 60.09 79.16 13.938 15.998 72.248 95.048 1468.96 106.129 139.622
7C 30.03 -2.96 60.09 11.59 13.938 6.12 71.068 47.74 877.18 62.339 41.877

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 487
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

6.4.4. Reinforcement
Using the following formula:
 Total Moment is:
 Total Moment is:
= ,

= ,
The result of , and the total eccencetricity seen the above Table 6.33 to 6.40.
 Normal force ratio, :

 Moment ratio:

=
ℎ

 Reinforcement:

, =

 Check : , ≤ , ≤ ,

The minimum reinforcement:

0.10
A , = max
0.002
The maximum reinforcement:

, = 0.08 = 0.08 ∗ 250 ∗ 400

= 8000
 Lateral Reinforcement:

Φ ≥ 4
6
 Spacing :
20Φ
, ≤ ( )
400
240
S≤
12

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 488
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 42: Roof Columns

, Provided Spacing
COLUMNS ( 2
) Lateral reinforcement
( ) bar (mm)
1A 0.0177 0.0095 0.0182 8000 0.0422 206.25018 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1B 0.0164 0.0080 0.0003 8000 0.0432 211.13762 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1C 0.0170 0.0078 -0.0029 8000 0.0424 207.22767 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1D 0.0278 0.0072 0.0063 8000 0.025 122.18613 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1E 0.0223 0.0087 0.0099 8000 0.035 171.06058 4 192 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

2A 0.0298 0.0154 0.0183 8000 0.028 136.84846 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
2B 0.0162 0.0107 0.0003 8000 0.0435 212.60386 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
- ⁄ 190 , = 1180
2C 0.0161 -0.0031 8000 0.0436 213.0926 4 192
0.0098
2D 0.0137 0.0101 0.0109 8000 0.0438 214.07009 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
2E 0.0298 0.0158 -0.0051 8000 0.028 136.84846 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

3A 0.0240 0.0161 0.0188 8000 0.03 146.62335 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
3B 0.0114 0.0167 -0.0001 8000 0.0455 222.37875 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3C 0.0140 0.0145 -0.0029 8000 0.0438 214.07009 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3D 0.0124 0.0131 0.0116 8000 0.044 215.04758 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3E 0.0299 0.0143 -0.0057 8000 0.028 136.84846 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

4B 0.0267 0.0002 -0.0007 8000 0.029 141.73591 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
4D 0.0246 0.0203 0.0194 8000 0.031 151.5108 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
4E 0.0247 0.0080 0.0089 8000 0.03 146.62335 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

5A 0.0240 0.0448 0.0189 8000 0.032 156.39824 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
5B 0.0113 0.0160 0.0000 8000 0.0456 222.86749 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
5C 0.0118 0.0119 -0.0056 8000 0.0452 220.91251 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

6A 0.0300 0.0140 0.0181 8000 0.026 127.07357 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
6B 0.0168 0.0118 0.0007 8000 0.0429 209.67139 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
6C 0.0137 0.0120 0.0065 8000 0.0438 214.07009 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

7A 0.0248 0.0077 0.0096 8000 0.032 156.39824 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
7B 0.0346 0.0065 0.0011 8000 0.022 107.52379 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
7C 0.0211 0.0067 0.0251 8000 0.034 166.17313 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 489
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 43: 6th floor Column

, Provided Spacing
COLUMNS ( 2
) Lateral reinforcement
( ) bar (mm)
1A 0.0602 0.0251 0.0260 8000 0.0229 111.92249 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
- ⁄ 190 , = 1180
1B 0.0899 0.0081 8000 0.0205 100.19262
0.0016 4 192
1C 0.0688 0.0123 0.0126 8000 0.0221 108.01253 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1D 0.0768 0.0165 0.0168 8000 0.0227 110.945 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1E 0.0678 0.0158 0.0233 8000 0.0219 107.03505 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

2A 0.0945 0.0265 0.0308 8000 0.0203 99.215134 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
2B 0.1063 0.0284 0.0096 8000 0.02 97.7489 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
2C 0.0907 0.0268 0.0146 8000 0.0205 100.19262 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
2D 0.0885 0.0264 0.0175 8000 0.0204 99.703878 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
2E 0.0954 0.0268 0.0180 8000 0.0202 98.726389 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

3A 0.0783 0.0864 0.0289 8000 0.0224 109.47877 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
3B 0.0965 0.0360 0.0092 8000 0.0201 98.237645 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3C 0.0863 0.0350 0.0140 8000 0.02043 99.850502 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3D 0.0859 0.0618 0.0438 8000 0.0204 99.703878 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3E 0.0957 0.0315 0.0282 8000 0.0202 98.726389 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

4D 0.0677 0.0178 0.0467 8000 0.0219 107.03505 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
4E 0.0675 0.0144 -0.0047 8000 0.022 107.52379 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

- ⁄ 190 , = 1180
5A 0.0783 0.0519 8000 0.0224 109.47877
0.0187 4 192
5B 0.0929 0.0309 0.0089 8000 0.02245 109.72314 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
5C 0.0762 0.0281 0.0190 8000 0.0226 110.45626 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

6A 0.0949 0.0314 0.0307 8000 0.0203 99.215134 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
6B 0.1078 0.0323 0.0104 8000 0.02 97.7489 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
6C 0.0799 0.0298 0.0252 8000 0.0222 108.50128 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

7A 0.0673 0.0166 0.0268 8000 0.022 107.52379 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
7B 0.1000 0.0200 0.0096 8000 0.021 102.63635 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
7C 0.0630 0.0158 0.0224 8000 0.022 107.52379 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 490
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 44: 5th floor Columns

, Provided Spacing
COLUMNS ( 2
) Lateral reinforcement
( ) bar (mm)
1A 0.1271 0.0175 0.0310 8000 0.0201 98.237645 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1B 0.1973 0.0221 0.0199 8000 0.0182 88.951499 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1C 0.1509 0.0189 0.0205 8000 0.0196 95.793922 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1D 0.1622 0.0276 0.0202 8000 0.0195 95.305178 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1E 0.1357 0.0248 0.0602 8000 0.02 97.7489 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

2A 0.2143 0.0430 0.0433 8000 0.0181 88.462755 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
2B 0.2741 0.0484 0.0274 8000 0.0178 86.996521 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
2C 0.2252 0.0436 0.0261 8000 0.01802 88.071759 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
2D 0.2281 0.0437 0.0248 8000 0.018 87.97401 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
2E 0.2162 0.0430 0.0556 8000 0.01809 88.41388 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

3A 0.1713 0.0069 0.0375 8000 0.0184 89.928988 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
3B 0.2589 0.0464 0.0260 8000 0.0179 87.485266 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3C 0.2176 0.0455 0.0255 8000 0.018 87.97401 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3D 0.2245 0.0399 0.0252 8000 0.0178 86.996521 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3E 0.2167 0.0384 0.0722 8000 0.0181 88.462755 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

4D 0.1377 0.0244 -0.0038 8000 0.0199 97.260156 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
4E 0.1366 0.0191 0.0615 8000 0.02 97.7489 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

5A 0.1712 0.0846 0.0375 8000 0.0184 89.928988 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
5B 0.2599 0.0512 0.0248 8000 0.0178 86.996521 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
5C 0.1938 0.0461 0.0311 8000 0.0184 89.928988 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

6A 0.2148 0.0375 0.0433 8000 0.0181 88.462755 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
6B 0.2772 0.0432 0.0265 8000 0.018 87.97401 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
6C 0.1998 0.0359 0.0454 8000 0.0182 88.951499 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

7A 0.1339 0.0234 0.0059 8000 0.02 97.7489 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
7B 0.2153 0.0325 0.0205 8000 0.0201 98.237645 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
7C 0.1295 0.0225 0.0356 8000 0.0201 98.237645 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 491
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 45: 4th floor Columns

, Provided Spacing
COLUMNS ( 2
) Lateral reinforcement
( ) bar (mm)
1A 0.1690 0.0182 0.0338 8000 0.023 112.41124 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1B 0.2631 0.0243 0.0247 8000 0.0189 92.372711 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1C 0.2019 0.0201 0.0201 8000 0.0191 93.3502 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1D 0.2115 0.0311 0.0216 8000 0.019 92.861455 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1E 0.1782 0.0275 0.0347 8000 0.022 107.52379 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

2A 0.2800 0.0397 0.0495 8000 0.0187 91.395222 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
2B 0.3645 0.0480 0.0343 8000 0.0168 82.109076 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
2C 0.3003 0.0418 0.0274 8000 0.0172 84.064054 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
2D 0.3029 0.0419 0.0281 8000 0.017 83.086565 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
2E 0.2826 0.0402 0.0297 8000 0.0186 90.906477 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

3A 0.2255 0.0575 0.0420 8000 0.0189 92.372711 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
3B 0.3447 0.0506 0.0337 8000 0.0169 82.597821 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3C 0.2906 0.0504 0.0269 8000 0.017 83.086565 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3D 0.2982 0.0435 0.0285 8000 0.0171 83.57531 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3E 0.2833 0.0413 0.0512 8000 0.0172 84.064054 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

4D 0.1805 0.0280 0.0229 8000 0.021 102.63635 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
4E 0.1787 0.0213 0.0314 8000 0.0215 105.08007 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

5A 0.2254 0.0309 0.0420 8000 0.0189 92.372711 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
5B 0.3459 0.0496 0.0329 8000 0.0168 82.109076 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
5C 0.2586 0.0443 0.0291 8000 0.0186 90.906477 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

6A 0.2806 0.0399 0.0496 8000 0.0187 91.395222 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
6B 0.3683 0.0484 0.0351 8000 0.0165 80.642843 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
6C 0.2662 0.0387 0.0473 8000 0.0184 89.928988 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

7A 0.1756 0.0269 0.0348 8000 0.025 122.18613 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
7B 0.2808 0.0389 0.0268 8000 0.0186 90.906477 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
7C 0.1710 0.0261 0.0339 8000 0.027 131.96102 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 492
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 46: 3rd floor Columns

, Provided Spacing
COLUMNS ( 2
) Lateral reinforcement
( ) bar (mm)
1A 0.2096 0.0205 0.0410 8000 0.0189 92.372711 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1B 0.3286 0.0285 0.0314 8000 0.0176 86.019032 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1C 0.2511 0.0232 0.0242 8000 0.0186 90.906477 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1D 0.2608 0.0367 0.0367 8000 0.0185 90.417733 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1E 0.2192 0.0320 0.0422 8000 0.0188 91.883966 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

2A 0.3462 0.0477 0.0603 8000 0.0174 85.041543 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
2B 0.4564 0.0582 0.0436 8000 0.0168 82.109076 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
2C 0.3756 0.0504 0.0333 8000 0.0172 84.064054 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
2D 0.3793 0.0506 0.0345 8000 0.0171 83.57531 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
2E 0.3497 0.0480 0.0363 8000 0.0173 84.552799 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

3A 0.2791 0.0739 0.0510 8000 0.0184 89.928988 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
3B 0.4326 0.0607 0.0422 8000 0.0169 82.597821 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3C 0.3638 0.0607 0.0328 8000 0.0172 84.064054 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3D 0.3737 0.0523 0.0350 8000 0.01712 83.673059 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3E 0.3505 0.0493 0.0630 8000 0.0173 84.552799 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

4D 0.2223 0.0328 0.0279 8000 0.0187 91.395222 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
4E 0.2199 0.0247 0.0427 8000 0.0188 91.883966 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

5A 0.2791 0.0398 0.0510 8000 0.0185 90.417733 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
5B 0.4341 0.0592 0.0412 8000 0.0168 82.109076 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
5C 0.3239 0.0534 0.0352 8000 0.0177 86.507777 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

6A 0.3471 0.0483 0.0603 8000 0.0173 84.552799 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
6B 0.4609 0.0588 0.0438 8000 0.0167 81.620332 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
6C 0.3332 0.0465 0.0581 8000 0.0176 86.019032 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

7A 0.2160 0.0315 0.0419 8000 0.0188 91.883966 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
7B 0.3463 0.0466 0.0329 8000 0.0173 84.552799 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
7C 0.2112 0.0308 0.0409 8000 0.0189 92.372711 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 493
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 47: 2nd floor Column

, Provided Spacing
COLUMNS ( 2
) Lateral reinforcement
( ) bar (mm)
1A 0.2504 0.0199 0.0376 8000 0.0189 92.372711 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1B 0.3956 0.0292 0.0332 8000 0.0174 85.041543 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1C 0.3004 0.0230 0.0241 8000 0.0179 87.485266 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1D 0.3117 0.0357 0.0256 8000 0.0178 86.996521 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1E 0.0402 0.0079 0.0130 8000 0.0287 140.26967 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

2A 0.4160 0.0456 0.0574 8000 0.0172 84.064054 4 192 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

2B 0.5523 0.0573 0.0463 8000 0.0165 80.642843 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
2C 0.4535 0.0488 0.0342 8000 0.017 83.086565 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
2D 0.4595 0.0493 0.0353 8000 0.01702 83.184314 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
2E 0.4198 0.0460 0.0358 8000 0.0173 84.552799 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

3A 0.3340 0.0422 0.0477 8000 0.0177 86.507777 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
3B 0.5250 0.0559 0.0436 8000 0.0166 81.131587 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3C 0.4398 0.0554 0.0331 8000 0.0173 84.552799 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3D 0.4529 0.0486 0.0350 8000 0.0171 83.57531 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3E 0.4208 0.0455 0.0584 8000 0.0172 84.064054 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

4D 0.2649 0.0308 0.0259 8000 0.0188 91.883966 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
4E 0.2620 0.0235 0.0399 8000 0.01885 92.128339 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

5A 0.3340 0.0472 0.0475 8000 0.0177 86.507777 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
5B 0.5271 0.0570 0.0439 8000 0.0165 80.642843 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
5C 0.3922 0.0508 0.0348 8000 0.0175 85.530288 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

6A 0.4170 0.0448 0.0574 8000 0.0171 83.57531 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
6B 0.5577 0.0572 0.0466 8000 0.0163 79.665354 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
6C 0.4029 0.0440 0.0559 8000 0.0175 85.530288 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

7A 0.2566 0.0297 0.0383 8000 0.0187 91.395222 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
7B 0.4137 0.0456 0.0346 8000 0.0172 84.064054 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
7C 0.2518 0.0291 0.0379 8000 0.0189 92.372711 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 494
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 48: 1st floor Column

, Provided Spacing
COLUMNS ( 2
) Lateral reinforcement
( ) bar (mm)
1A 0.3231 0.0254 0.0489 8000 0.0178 86.996521 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1B 0.5211 0.0381 0.0450 8000 0.167 816.20332 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1C 0.3891 0.0357 0.0332 8000 0.0174 85.041543 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1D 0.4054 0.0519 0.0336 8000 0.0173 84.552799 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1E 0.3351 0.0393 0.0524 8000 0.0177 86.507777 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

2A 0.5488 0.0598 0.0762 8000 0.0165 80.642843 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
2B 0.7396 0.0774 0.0629 8000 0.0149 72.822931 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
2C 0.6038 0.0657 0.0476 8000 0.0154 75.266653 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
2D 0.6153 0.0666 0.0475 8000 0.0153 74.777909 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
2E 0.5556 0.0616 0.0488 8000 0.0164 80.154098 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

3A 0.4938 0.0773 0.0695 8000 0.0169 82.597821 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
3B 0.6140 0.0426 0.0528 8000 0.0153 74.777909 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3C 0.5104 0.0427 0.0485 8000 0.0168 82.109076 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3D 0.6089 0.0643 0.0471 8000 0.0153 74.777909 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3E 0.5569 0.0596 0.0823 8000 0.0164 80.154098 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

4D 0.3405 0.0392 0.0331 8000 0.0176 86.019032 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
4E 0.3371 0.0299 0.0533 8000 0.0177 86.507777 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

5A 0.4937 0.0339 0.0699 8000 0.0169 82.597821 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
5B 0.7113 0.0759 0.0620 8000 0.015 73.311675 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
5C 0.5421 0.0700 0.0573 8000 0.0166 81.131587 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

6A 0.5502 0.0589 0.0762 8000 0.0165 80.642843 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
6B 0.6496 0.0679 0.0555 8000 0.0152 74.289164 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
6C 0.5373 0.0581 0.0762 8000 0.0167 81.620332 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

7A 0.3293 0.0383 0.0493 8000 0.0178 86.996521 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
7B 0.5401 0.0599 0.0459 8000 0.0167 81.620332 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
7C 0.3242 0.0374 0.0504 8000 0.0178 86.996521 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 495
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 6. 49: foundation Columns

, Provided Spacing
COLUMNS ( 2
) Lateral reinforcement
( ) bar (mm)
1A 0.3214 0.0666 0.0846 8000 0.0179 87.485266 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1B 0.5193 0.1034 0.0756 8000 0.0168 82.109076 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1C 0.3873 0.0789 0.0543 8000 0.0176 86.019032 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1D 0.4037 0.0821 0.0456 8000 0.0174 85.041543 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
1E 0.3334 0.0693 0.1054 8000 0.0179 87.485266 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

2A 0.5471 0.1027 0.1222 8000 0.0165 80.642843 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
2B 0.7378 0.1310 0.1070 8000 0.0149 72.822931 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
2C 0.6020 0.1115 0.0752 8000 0.0154 75.266653 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
2D 0.6135 0.1139 0.0538 8000 0.0153 74.777909 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
2E 0.5538 0.1056 0.1579 8000 0.0164 80.154098 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

3A 0.4921 0.0684 0.1093 8000 0.017 83.086565 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
3B 0.7075 0.0905 0.1016 8000 0.015 73.311675 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3C 0.5862 0.0992 0.0740 8000 0.0162 79.176609 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3D 0.6071 0.0766 0.0532 8000 0.0152 74.289164 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
3E 0.5551 0.0694 0.1579 8000 0.0163 79.665354 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

4A 0.3390 0.0403 0.0939 8000 0.0177 86.507777 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
4B 0.3096 0.0368 0.0799 8000 0.0182 88.951499 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
4D 0.3387 0.0376 0.0241 8000 0.0178 86.996521 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
4E 0.3354 0.0596 0.1068 8000 0.0179 87.485266 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

5A 0.4919 0.0726 0.1097 8000 0.0172 84.064054 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
5B 0.7096 0.1288 1.4661 8000 0.0148 72.334186 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
5C 0.5404 0.1283 0.0597 8000 0.0166 81.131587 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

6A 0.5478 0.0688 0.0707 8000 0.0165 80.642843 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
6B 0.7444 0.0961 0.1775 8000 0.0145 70.867953 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
6C 0.5356 0.0666 0.0479 8000 0.167 816.20332 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

7A 0.3276 0.0583 0.0389 8000 0.018 87.97401 ⁄ 190 , = 1180

4 192
7B 0.5401 0.0975 0.1283 8000 0.01665 81.37596 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192
7C 0.3225 0.0573 0.0385 8000 0.0182 88.951499 ⁄ 190 , = 1180
4 192

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 496
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

CHAPTER-SEVEN: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SHEAR WALL

The wall is designed as isolated sway elements of a frame using the second order theory of
column (appropriate method).

The column shall be designed for uniaxial eccentricity of load equivalent along the axis parallel
to the larger relative eccentricity.

= (1 + )

Where:
- =
- = ℎ
- =
- ∝− 2 ,2015 , Table 4.1

=
∗
- k- Ratio of total eccentricity, allowing for initial eccentricity and second- order effects
in that direction to the column width in the same direction.
Procedure to designing shear wall:-
 Determine Design Life
 Asses actions on the wall
 Determine which Combination of action apply
 Asses durability requirements and determine concrete strength
 Check Cover requirements for appropriate fire resistance period
 Determine durability, cover for fire and bars
 Analyze structure for critical combination moments and axial forces
 Check slenderness and determine design moments
 Determine area of reinforcement required
 Check spacing of bars
Short Walls:
When

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 497
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

ℎ ℎ
= ≤7 ( ℎ )

>7 ( )

For non-sway mode

= ℎ
Where:
- h is story height of the wall and
- have the following values
= 1
1
= ℎ
1 + ( ⁄3 )
1
= ≤
1+( ⁄ )
1
= >
2
Width (b) of the wall measured center to center of the bracing walls or width measured from the
center of bracing wall to the free edge.

7.1.SHEAR WALL FOR LIFT HOUSE

Figure 7. 1: Layout of Shear Wall

Design Solution

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 498
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

Table 7. 1: DAN Techno Craft Technical specification

Load Perso Shaft width Shaft depth Car Car Clear opening Pit Over head
(Kg) n (mm) (mm) width depth depth height(mm)
Min. Max. Min. Max. (mm) (mm)
320 4 1500 1650 1500 1700 100 900 700 x 2000 1500 3600
480 6 1700 1850 1700 1800 1050 1200 800 x 2000 1500 3600
640 8 1700 1850 1780 1950 1100 1400 800 x 2000 1500 3600
™ In our case the first row is selected based the following criteria:-
Medium car width
Medium loads
Clear opening

7.1.1. Load Determination

The loads on shear wall supporting the lift shaft includes the lateral load due to seismic action
and vertical loads from self-weight of the elevator car, top slab and from live loads.

The lateral loads on the wall includes earth quake and wind load but in our cases, it is not
subjected to earth quake, only if is subjected to wind load.
™ It is not needed to determine base shear for earth quake

7.1.2. Determination of Vertical Loads

a) Depth determination by Serviceability requirement used equation (2.1).

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Where:
⁄
= 11 + 1.5 + 3.2 −1 ≤

1 ′
= 11 + 1.5 ′
+ >
− 12

= ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗

Where:

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 499
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

√30
= = = 0.00548 = 0.548%
1000 1000

= 0.5% ( : 2015)

⁄
= 11 + 1.5 + 3.2 −1 = 0.5 % ≤ = 0.548 %

⁄
0.548 0.548
= 11 + 1.5√30 + 3.2√30 −1
0.50 0.50

= 11 + 9 + 0.5213 = 20.52

500 500
= = = 1.25
400

=1 =1

⇒ = 20.52 ∗ 1 ∗ 1 ∗ 1.25 ∗ = 25.65

For interior span (K =1.5 or see Table 2.18)

= 25.65 = 25.65 ∗ 1.5 = 38.48

= = 1.91 = 1910
1910
≥ = = 49.64
⁄ 38.48
b) Gross depth (D):
Use concrete cover = 20 mm, and Diameter of bar is 14mm

= + + = 49.64 + 7 + 20 = 76.64
2
, = 100

Effective Depth in the shorter direction for normal slab

= − − = 100 − 20 − 7 = 73
2
Effective depth in the longer direction for normal slab

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 500
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

= − − − = 100 − 20 − 14 − 7 = 59
2
c) Loads Calculation
Dead Load:
− ℎ = 0.1 ∗ 25 ⁄ = 2.5 ⁄

= 0.05 ∗ 23 ⁄ = 1.15 ⁄

ℎ = 0.01 ∗ 17 ⁄ = 0.34 ⁄

−
− ℎ = 2

2 ∗ 320 ∗ 9.81
= = 1.468 ⁄
2.24 ∗ 1.91
ℎ ( = 2)
– ℎ ℎ
= 2.5 + 1.15 + 0.34 = 3.99 ⁄
Live load, = ⁄ have similar live load with stair case
Design load, Total load excluding load from self- weight of the elevator car
W = (1.35 ∗ 3.99) + (1.5 ∗ 5) = 12.89 ⁄
20
20%W = ∗ 12.89 = 2.58 ⁄
100
= 1.35 ∗ 1.468 ⁄
= 1.981 ⁄ < 20%W = 2.58 ⁄
™ Therefore, we can simplify distribute the load from the elevator car on area of the slab
Total dead load on the slab = 2.5 + 1.15 + 0.34 + 1.468
= . ⁄
Design load and load combination:
W = 1.35DL + 1.5LL = (1.35 ∗ 5.458) + (1.5 ∗ 5) = 14.87 ⁄
7.1.3. Analysis of Slab
Method of analysis of the slab
2.24
= = 1.2 < 2 → −
1.91
=

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

For slab simply supported on all four sides with slab ratio, ⁄ = 1.2
= 0.074 , = 0.056 , =0
= 0.074 ∗ 14.87 ∗ (1.91) = 4.01 .
= 0.056 ∗ 14.87 ∗ (1.91) = 3.038 .
Check depth for flexure
Depth requirement for ultimate flexural strength of concrete Compression stress capacity

≥
0.8 (1 − 0.4 )

Where:

4
= 0.5 − − ≤

2.5 2.5
= = 25.58, = = = 0.09775
0.8 25.58
= 0.32 = 3559.59

4
⇒ = 0.5 − −

4 ∗ 4.01 × 10
= 0.5{0.09775 − 0.09775 − = 0.002207
1000 ∗ (73 ) ∗ 3559.59

⇒ ≥
0.8 (1 − 0.4 )

4.01 × 10
=
0.8 ∗ 1000 ∗ 17 ∗ 0.002207 ∗ 25.58(1 − 0.4 ∗ 0.002207 ∗ 25.58)

= 73 ≤ 73 !

= 73

According to EBCS- 2,2015, minimum reinforcement in slab

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

0.26 = 0.002513
=
0.0013
= 0.002513
2 = 2 ∗ 100 = 200
≤ ⇒ = 200
350
(10)
= = = 78.54
4 4
Table 7. 2: Reinforcement for the Span
Direction Moment Diameter of ( ) Spacing Provided
(KN.m) bar (mm) ( ) calculated
3.057 10 73 0.002207 183.45 428.13 ⁄ 200
2.630 10 73 0.001935 183.45 428.13 ⁄ 200

7.1.4. Load transfer to the walls

1.84m

B
C
0.55m

1.91m 0.80m
A

E 0.56m
D

Table 7. 3: Area of Shear Wall

⁄ = 2.28⁄1.91 = 1.2
Based on the coefficient method for two way solid slab the values of shear distribution factors
are given below.
= 0.39
=0
= 0.33
= ∗ ∗ = 14.87 ∗ 0.39 ∗ 1.91 = 11.07 /
= ∗ ∗ = 14.87 ∗ 0.33 ∗ 1.91 = 9.37 /
Hence, the total vertical load at the bottom of shear wall becomes

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 503
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

= + ℎ ℎ
Will be calculated by considering Long distance shear –X and short distance shear-Y
; = ∗ 1.91 = 9.37 ∗ 1.91 = 17.90
; = ∗ 1.84 = 11.07 ∗ 1.84 = 20.37
; = ∗ 0.55 = 9.35 ∗ 0.55 = 5.143
; = ∗ 1.84 = 11.07 ∗ 1.84 = 20.37
; = ∗ 0.56 = 9.35 ∗ 0.56 = 5.236
Story height for shear , = 27.60
ℎ = ∗
= ∗ ℎ
Table 7. 4: : Load Transfer to Shear Wall
Area Volume Weight (KN)
Designation
A 0.764 20.64 516.00 17.90 533.90
B 0.736 19.89 497.25 20.37 517.62
C 0.220 5.940 148.50 5.143 153.64
D 0.736 19.89 497.25 20.37 517.62
E 0.224 6.052 151.31 5.236 156.55

7.1.5. Design of individual wall section

0.4 m

1.91m

Determination of Eccentricity
e = e +e +e
Accidental (additional) eccentricity due to various imperfections
⁄400
≥
20
Assuming the top end of the shear wall to be simply supported

= 0.7 , ℎ : ℎ ℎ ℎ

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= 0.7 ∗ 27.6 = 19.32 = 19320

⁄400 19320⁄400 = 48.30

≥ =
20 20
= 48.30
Determination of design eccentricity in H – direction (Longitudinal)
 First order eccentricity ( )
2789.26
= = = 5.
533.90
 Second order eccentricity ( )

19.32
= 0.4ℎ = = 1.023 = 1023
10ℎ 10 ∗ 2.24

 Total eccentricity( )

= + + = 48.3 + 13300 + 1023

= 14371.30
Relative Eccentricity, for a given direction is the ratio of the total eccentricity, allowing for
initial eccentricity and second order effects in that direction, to the column width in the same
direction.
14.37
= = = 7.524
ℎ 1.91

Determination of eccentricity in B- direction

 First order eccentricity

No moment is carried by perpendicular walls (A),
= 0 Since =0
 Second order eccentricity ( )
= 1023
 Total eccentricity( )
= + + = 48.3 + 1023 + 0 = 1071.3
= 1.0713
 Relative Eccentricity

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1.0713
= = = 2.678
0.4
 Relative Eccentricity ratio, K
2.678
= = = 0.356
7.524

 Relative normal force ,V

535.10 ∗ 1000
= = = 0.0412
∗ 17 1910 400
By interpolation = 0.6412
= ∗ (1 + ) = 14.37(1 + 0.356 ∗ 0.6412) = 17.65
 Design Moment ( )
= ∗ = 17.65 ∗ 535.10 = 9444.62 .

 Design of vertical reinforcement

9444 ∗ 1000
= = = 0.381
∗ℎ∗ 17 ∗ 1910 ∗ 400 ∗ 1.91

 From chart No.7 for = 0.0412 and = 0.381 =1.2 (reinforcement ratio
uniaxial)
 Minimum and maximum Area of reinforcement
= 0.004 = 0.004 ∗ 1910 ∗ 400 = 3056
= 0.04 = 0.04 ∗ 1910 ∗ 400 = 30560
1.2 ∗ 17 ∗ 400 ∗ 1910
= = = 44808.6
347.83
= 44808.60 >
So use = 30560
 Providing reinforcement on each face (internal and external face) of the wall, the area of
steel reinforcement on each side will be:-
30560
= = 15,280
2
Vertical reinforcement
 The area of vertical reinforcement shall not be less than 0.004Ac or more than 0.04Ac.

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 Diameter of vertical bars must be greater than .

 Spacing
2( ℎ )
≤
300
Horizontal reinforcement

Area of horizontal reinforcement ≥ ( )

1
> ( )
4

Transverse reinforcement

 The mats at two faces of a wall shall be connected to each other by at least 4-transverse s-
ties per m², ℎ ℎ ℎ 16 .
 If the area of required reinforcement exceeds 0.02 then ties as required for columns
shall be provided.
Spacing of Vertical Bars

 The diameter of vertical bars shall not be less than 8mm

 The spacing of vertical bars shall not exceed twice the wall thickness or 300mm
( ) = 2 ∗ 400 = 800
≤ 2 ℎ
300

= 300 ,

(1910 ∗ (20) ⁄4
= = = 39.27
15,280

Therefore, provide two ⁄ 30 vertical reinforcement bars on each face of

the wall
Design of shear reinforcement
Check the diagonal compression failure of concrete section resistance

0.12 (100 )
, =
0.035

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Where:
, = The design shear resistance of the section without shear reinforcement

200
=1+ ≤ 2.0 ℎ

200 200
=1+ =1+ = 2.655
73
→ =2
Taking minimum reinforcement, = 3056

3056
= = = 0.0219
1910 ∗ 73
0.12 ∗ 2(100 ∗ 0.0219 ∗ 30) ∗ 1910 ∗ 73 × 10 = 37.79
, =
.
0.035(2) (30) ∗ 1910 ∗ 73 × 10 = 75.60

, = 75.60 > = 409.01 !

Area of shear reinforcement

 The area of horizontal reinforcement shall not be less than one half of the vertical
reinforcement.
 Therefore providing two stirrups the area of shear reinforcement will be
15280
= = 3820
4
 The diameter of horizontal bars shall not be less than one quarter of the vertical bars.
 Spacing of shear reinforcement
(1910 ∗ (14) ⁄4
= = = 76.96
4 ∗ 3820

2 = 2 ∗ 400 = 800
≤
300
, = 300
ℎ ⁄ 70
According to EBCS the horizontal reinforcement shall enclose the vertical reinforcement the bars
shall enclose and be tied to the vertical bars so as to form rigid mat.

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CHAPTER-EIGHT: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF FOUNDATION

8.1. INTRUDUCTION

Concrete is almost always the material used in footings. It is strong, durable, and is a convenient,
economical construction material, workable and adaptable to field construction and
requirements. Concrete footings may be plain or reinforced, with reinforcement running in one
(one way) or two (two way) directions, depending on the direction of flexure.

Footing shapes usually vary with specific requirements and design needs. For spread or isolated
footings, square shapes are common and usually most economical, but rectangular shapes are
used if space is limited in one direction, or when loads are eccentric in one direction. The
typically desired objective is to select the footing shape that makes the soil pressure (bearing
pressure) as uniform as possible. Furthermore, footings may be of uniform thickness or may be
sloped or stepped. Stepped or sloped footings are most commonly used to reduce the quantity of
concrete away from the column where the bending moments are small and when the footing is
not reinforced.

Foundation can be classified into two based on embedment to width ratio:-

1. Shallow foundation
2. Deep foundation
Under shallow foundation the following are prevalent;
a) Wall or continuous foundation
b) Spread or Isolated foundation
c) Mat or Raft foundation
Under deep foundation the following are found
a) Pile
b) Piers and
c) Caisson foundation
8.1.1. Selection of Foundation Type
In selecting the type of foundation we should consider the following points:-
 Function of the structure
 Load it must carry

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 Subsurface condition
 Cost of foundation in comparison with the cost of superstructure
Footing is designed according To Ultimate Limit State Design (ULCD).For this method EBCS
EN 1992-1-1:2015 section 6.4 is used.

The external moment on any section of a footing shall be determined by passing a vertical plane
through the footing, and computing the moment of forces acting over the entire area of the
footing on one side of that vertical plane.

8.1.2. Proportioning of a footing

For proportioning of a footing, the following two criteria should be considered

≤ → ,

∆ ≤∆ → ,

Where:
is pressure beneath the foundation
is allowable pressure
∆ is settlement of the foundation
∆ is allowable settlement

Allowable bearing capacity

The allowable bearing capacity is based on shear control is obtained by reducing or dividing the
ultimate bearing capacity (based on soil strength) by a safety factor ( ) that are deemed
adequate to avoid a base shear failure to obtain

The safety factor ( ) is based on:-

- The type of soil (cohesive or cohesion less

- reliability of the soil parameters
- Structural information (importance, use, etc.), and consultant caution.

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1) In determation of bearing capacity, the following conditions should be identified

 Initial or instantaneous loading condition:
The load is assumed to be applied instantaneously
The pore water doesn’t have much time to dissipate
Corresponding to undrained condition of traxial test
We have to use, Φ ,
 In the final or long-term loading condition
The load is assumed to be act gradually
There is enough time for the pore pressure to dissipate
Corresponding to slow or drained condition of traxial test
′
We have to use Φ , ,
Φ′ > Φ
′
<
 The ultiamint load that may be applied on a foundation with an effective area of is
=
= , = & = ℎ

2) The thickness of the footing and provided reinforcement should withstand punching shear,
Diagonal tension (wide Beam shear), Bending Moment and Band stress.

8.1.3. Punching Shear Calculation

The shear resistance should be checked at the face of the column and at the basic control
perimeter . If shear reinforcement is required a further perimeter , should be found where
shear reinforcement is no longer required

The basic control perimeter may normally be taken to be at a distance 2 from the loaded area
and should be constructed so as to minimize its length.

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Figure 8. 1: Control perimeter near an opening

Figure 8. 2: Basic control perimeters for loaded areas close to or at edge or corner

The design procedure for punching shear is based on checks at the face of the column and at the
basic control perimeter u1. If shear reinforcement is required a further perimeter uout,ef should be
found where shear reinforcement is no longer required. The following design shear stresses
(MPa) along the control sections are defined:

VRd,c is the design value of the punching shear resistance of a slab without punching
shear reinforcement along the control section considered.
VRd,cs is the design value of the punching shear resistance of a slab with punching shear
reinforcement along the control section considered.
VRd,max is the design value of the maximum punching shear resistance along the control
section considered.
The following checks should be carried out:
(a) At the column perimeter, or the perimeter of the loaded area, the maximum punching
shear stress should not be exceeded:
≤ ,

(b) Punching shear reinforcement is not necessary if:

≤ ,

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(c) Where VEd exceeds the value VRd,c for the control section considered, punching shear
reinforcement should be provided.

8.1.4. Punching resistance

 The punching shear resistance without shear reinforcement .The design punching shear
resistance [MPa] may be calculated as follows:

, = , (100 ) + ≥ +

Where:

200
=1+ ≤ 2.0

= . ≤ 0.02

, Relate to the bonded tension steel in y- and z- directions respectively. The

values should be calculated as mean values taking into account a slab
width equal to the column width plus 3 each side.
+
=
2
Where:

, , , σ are the normal concrete stresses in the critical section in y- and

z directions (MPa, positive if compression):
, ,
, = , =

, , , are the longitudinal forces across the full bay for internal columns
and the longitudinal force across the control section for edge columns. The force
may be from a load or prestressing action.
is the area of concrete according to the definition of
Note: For the use of , , and , refer to the National Annex. The

recommended value for C , = 0.18⁄ , for K is 0.1 andV = 0.035K f

 The punching resistance of column bases should be verified at control perimeters within 2d
from the periphery of the column.

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 For concentric loading The net applied force is

, = −∆

Where:

is the applied shear force

∆ is the net upward force within the control perimeter considered i.e. upward
pressure from soil minus self weight of base.
,
=

⁄
2 2
= , (100 ) ∗ ≥ ∗

Where
is the distance from the periphery of the column to the control perimeter considered
The recommended value for CRd,c, is 0.18/c, for Vmin is given by
 For eccentric loading

VEd,red  MEdu 
VEd  1  k  W is similar to W1 but for perimeter u.
ud  VEd,redW 

For a rectangular column:

c12
W1   c1c 2  4c 2 d  16d 2  2dc1
2

Where:
is the column dimension parallel to the eccentricity of the load
is the column dimension perpendicular to the eccentricity of the load

8.2.FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT DISTRIBUTION

1) In one-way footings and two way square footings reinforcement shall be distributed
uniformly across the entire width of footing.
2) In two-way rectangular footings, reinforcement shall be distributed as follows:

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- Reinforcement in longer direction shall be distributed uniformly across the entire width
of footing.
- For reinforcement in the short direction, a portion of the total reinforcement given by
equation below shall be distributed uniformly over a band width (centered on center
line of column or pedestal) equal to the length of the short side of footing. The
remainder of the reinforcement required in the short direction shall be distributed
uniformly outside the center band width of the footing.

ℎ 2
=
ℎ +1

Where, is the ratio of long side to short side of footing =

⁄2 ⁄2

Figure 8. 3: Layout of reinforcement

A 2
= − ⇒ =
A β+1

a
β=
b
 If the projection of the footing from the critical section for moment does not exceed the
effective depth at that section, the bottom reinforcement shall be provided with full
anchorage length measured from the end of the straight portion of the bars.

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 If the projection exceeds , the anchorage length may be measured from a section situated at
a distance from the defined critical section for moment.

8.2.1. Basic Anchorage Length

 The Basic anchorage length is the embedment length required to develop the full design
strength of a straight reinforcing bar
 The basic required anchorage length, , , for anchoring the force in a straight bar
assuming constant bond stress equal to follows from: assuming constant bond stress
equal to follows from:

, =
4

Where:
is the design stress of the bar at the position from where the anchorage is
measured from.
Values for are given

= 2.25
Where:
fctd is the design value of concrete tensile strength. Due to the increasing
brittleness of higher strength concrete, fctk,0.05 should be limited here to the value
for C60/75, unless it can be verified that the average bond strength increases
above this limit
1 is a coefficient related to the quality of the bond condition and the position
of the bar during concreting
1= 1.0 when ‘good’ conditions are obtained and
1= 0.7 for all other cases and for bars in structural elements built with slip-
forms, unless it can be shown that ‘good’ bond conditions exist
2 is related to the bar diameter:
2 = 1.0 for  ≤ 32 mm
2 = (132 - )/100 for > 32 mm

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8.2.2. Design Anchorage Length

The design anchorage length is:

= , ≥ ,

Where 1, 2 , 3 , 4 and 5 are coefficients given in Table 8.2(see EBCS EN 1992-1-1:2015)
1 is for the effect of the form of the bars assuming adequate cover
2 is for the effect of concrete minimum cover
3 is for the effect of confinement by transverse reinforcement
4 is for the influence of one or more welded transverse bars (t>0.6) along the
design anchorage length lbd
5 is for the effect of the pressure transverse to the plane of splitting along the design
anchorage length

The product (2 3 5) ≥ 0.7

lb,min is the minimum anchorage length if no other limitation is applied:
- for anchorages in tension: lb,min  max{0.3lb,rqd ; 10; 100 mm}
- for anchorages in compression: lb,min  max{0.6lb,rqd ; 10; 100 mm}

8.3. ISOLATED OR SPREAD FOOTING

Structural design

8.3.1. Punching shear

Controls the depth of footings

Adequate depth should be provided to sustain the shear stress developed without
reinforcement.
The critical section as

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+4d

2d
+3d
a

b
P

2d 2d

+4

 If an axial force P is applied on the foundation, the bearing pressure at a bottom of the
footing is given by:

= ; = ∗

8.3.2. Bending Moment

The critical sections for the bending moment vary according to the type of columns.

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D X

C C
a

Y
1m

D
b

= − , = −
2 2 2 2

∗ (1) ∗ ∗ (1) ∗ −
= =
2 2

∗ (1) ∗ ∗ (1) ∗ −
= =
2 2

4
= 0.5 − − ≤

0.85
= = 25.58 , = = 347.83 , = = 17
0.8

2.5
= = 0.09775 , = 0.32 = 3559.59

In geotechnical engineering a factor of safety is between 2 and 5 is used to calculate the

allowable bearing capacity. Take factor of safety ( ) = 3

= = 300 ∗ 2 = 600 ⁄

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Highly axial load column axis which as a compression force= 1170.58 is selected as a
representative sample for isolated footing design.

Figure 8. 4: Foundation plan and column and foundation grouping

8.4. SAMPLE DESIGN OF FOUNDATION

8.4.1. Sample Design of Footing F-5 (on Axis 6-B)
a) Design Moment and Loads
. =3
= 104.59
= 193.9
Axial load = 2024.75
b) Area of proportioning
= 1.3 + + 0.4 (1)
= ∗ .

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Applied load, P ≤ → P = 2024.75kN

.
= =
3 ∗ 2024.75 6074.25
= = (2)

= = 2 ∗ 17.25 = 34.5

Assume <
′
′
( − )
= +
′ ⁄ ⁄
= 19.5 − 10 = 9.5
=3 −2 =1
(17.25 − 9.5) 7.75
= 9.5 + ⇒ = 95 +

∅ = 35° , = 57.8 , = 41.4 = 42.3

Equation (1) and (2) are equal
6074.25
⇒ =

6074.25
⇒ 1.3 + + 0.4 =
7.75 6074.25
⇒ 1.3 ∗ 15 ∗ 57.8 + 34.5 ∗ 41.4 + 0.4 ∗ 42.4 ∗ ∗ 95 + =

6074.25
⇒ = 2686.7 + 161 ⇒ = 1.44

= = 2.5
This value substitute equation (2)
6074.25
= = 972
2.5
972
= = 324
3
Take dimension of the footing to be 2.50 × 2.50
c) Depth of footing
(i) Punching shear
For punching shear, the critical section is 2 distance from face of column

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C+2d

C+4d B=2.5m

B=2.5

2d 2d

324 ⁄

Critical area , A = (C + 4d) ∗ (C + 4d) = (0.25 + 4d) ∗ (0.4 + 4d)

A = 0.10 + 2.6d + 16d
u = 2(C + 4d) + 2(C + 4d) = 2(0.25 + 4d) + 2(0.4 + 4d)
= 1.3 + 16
A = 2.5m ∗ 2.5m = 6.25m
⇒ [A − A ]q = ud ∗ V

⇒ [6.25m − (0.10 + 2.6d + 16d )] × 972 = (1.3 + 16d)d ∗ V − − − − − − − (1)

/
v = 0.12(100ρ f ) ud
/ (1.3 + 16d)d
= 0.12(100 ∗ 0.02 ∗ 30)

/ (1.3 + 16d)d … … … … … … … … … … … (2)

⇒V = 0.12(100 ∗ 0.02 ∗ 30)

Equ (2) Substitute equ (1)

Solving of ⇒ d = 0.512m

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(ii) Diagonal tension (wide beam shear)

For wide beam shear, the critical section is distance from face of column

2.5m

2.5m
d

2.5 0.25
x= − − d = 1.13 − d
2 2
area of shaeded , A = 2.5x = 2.5 ∗ (1.13 − d) ,u = B
⇒V = 1.768(1.13 − d)(0.25 + 3d)
= 0.5 + 5.55d − 5.304d (i)
B C
V = − − d Bq = (1.13 − d) ∗ 972 ∗ 2.5
2 2
= 2746 − 2430d (ii)
From (i) and (ii)
2746 − 2430d ≤ 0.5 + 5.55d − 5.304d
⇒ d = 0.57m
The larger value of d is used the foundation is failure

d = d = 0.57m = 570mm.

= 370 + ’ = 570 + 62 = 632

= 650

= 650 − 62 = 588
(iii) Bending Moment

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2.5 0.25
− = 1.125
2 2

1m

2500-50-50=2400mm

1.125

365

2024.75
= = = 365 /
∗ 2.5 ∗ 2.5

∗ B(L − 0.25) 365 ∗ 2.5 ∗ (2.5 − 0.25)

M = = = 577.44KNm
8 8

4M
ρ = 0.5 C − C − ≤ρ
bd C

4 ∗ 577.44 × 10
= 0.5{0.09775 − (0.09775) − = 0.0019592
2500 ∗ (588 ) ∗ 3559.59

A = ρbd = 0.0019592 ∗ 2500 ∗ 588mm = 2880 mm

f bd 2.9 ∗ 2500 ∗ 588

0.26
A , = Max f = Max 0.26 400
= 2770.95 mm
0.0013bd 0.0013 ∗ 2500 ∗ 588 = 1911mm
A , = 2770.95 mm

2880
number of bar = = = 6.37 ≈ 7
( ∗ 24 )⁄4

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a b 452.39 × 2500
= = = 392.70
A 2880

3h = 3 ∗ 400 = 1200mm
S ≤
400mm
S = 400

Rebar’s in the y-direction (parallel to the length)

, ⁄ ( )

σ ∗ L(B − 0.4) 365 ∗ 2.5 ∗ (2.5 − 0.4)

M = = = 503 KNm
8 8

4M
ρ = 0.5 C − C − ≤ρ
bd C

4 ∗ 503 × 10
= 0.5 0.09775 − (0.09775) − = 0.0017022
2500 ∗ (588 ) ∗ 3559.59

A = ρbd = 0.0017022 ∗ 2500 ∗ 588 = 2502.17mm

f bd 2.56 ∗ 2500 ∗ 588

0.26
A , = Max f = Max 0.26 400
= 2770.95 mm
0.0013bd 0.0013 ∗ 2500 ∗ 588 = 1911mm

A , = 2770.95 mm

2770.95
number of bar = = = 6.12 = 7
( ∗ 24 )⁄4
a b 452.39 × 2500
= = = 408.15
A 2770.95
Rebar’s in the x-direction (parallel to the width)

, ⁄ ( )

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8.4.2. Rectangular Combined Footing (CF-1)

The design is predicated on the assumption that the footing is rigid and that the soil pressure is
uniform. The following explanation may illustrate the procedure:

Step 1: Convert the column loads to ULS loads via Pu = 1.35(D.L.) + 1.5(L.L.). Then convert the
allowable soil pressure to ULS pressure via qu = (Plu + P2u), qa / (P1 + P2).

Column A
P = 1651.36KN
M = 32.94KN. m
M = 22.51KN. m

Column B
P = 1594.5 KN
M = 20.17 KN. m
M = 33.97KN. m
This moment and force are SAP output result.

2.5

B
A

Step-2: Determine the footing length (L). First determine the location of the load resultant
distance ( ). This point coincides with the mid point of L, thus yielding the value for L, B is
then determined from =∑ ⁄ .

- The resultant force on the footing , = 3245.86

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- the resultant moment = + = 56.48 .

=0 ⇒ 3245.86 = (1594.5 ∗ 2.5 ) + 56.48 .

4042.73
⇒ = = 1.246
3245.86

- Hence the required length of the rigid footing would be 2(1.246+0.5) =3.492m. This
required an additional end section next to column B of 0.5m.

250mm x 400mm 2.5 320mm x 400mm

C
A B
0.5m

Figure 8. 5: Combined footing, CF-1

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Step-3: Determine the footing width (B).

3245.86
≤ ⇒ ≤ 324

3245.86 3245.86
⇒ ≥ = = 2.869
324 324 ∗ 3.492
ℎ , > 2.869

Thus, a rectangular footing of 3.50 × 2.90 is a adequate to carry both column loads without
any eccentricity.

Step 4: Plot shear and moment diagrams. The footing is treated as a beam, loaded with a uniform
soil pressure (upward) and column loads (downward), which are treated as concentrated loads.
The distributed reaction per unit length (1 m) on the footing can be computed as
3245.86
= = 1081.95 ⁄
3
When x is measured from the left edge of the footing, the shear and the moments of each
segment of the footing can be found as follows:
In the segment to the left of column A ( < < 0.375 )
= 1081.95

= 1081.95
2
Within column A ( . < < 0.50 )
In this segment, the column load of 1651.36KN is distributed at an intensity of 6605.44 ⁄ .
Then,
= 1081.95 − (6605.44)( − 0.375)
Similarly if one assumes that within column A, the column moment of 4.114 kN m is also
distributed with an intensity of 16.456 . ⁄ (4.114⁄0.25),
( − 0.375)
= 1081.95 − (6605.44) + 16.456( − 0.375) .
2 2
(With an inflexion point at = 0.545 ).
In between the two columns ( . < < 2.875 )
= 1081.95 − 1651.36

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
N OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

= 1081.95 − 1651.36(
1651 − 0.50) .
2

(With an inflexion point at = 2.215 ).

1459.25KN
540.975KN

SFD

1110.38 KN

135.25KN

3095.8KN.m

270.49KN.m

BMD

Figure 8. 6: Bending moment and shear force diagram

Step 5:: Check footing depth based on shear. Critical sections are at 2d for diagonal tension (or
punching shear) and at the d for a wide beam, the same as for spread footings. The critical
section for wide-beam
beam shear is investigated only at one point (max. shear). For punching shear,
however, an investigation of a three-
three or four-sided zone for each column

5.1. Depth of footing:

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i) Punching shear: For punching shear, the critical section is distance from face
of column

, =( + 4 )( + 4 ) = (0.25 + 4 )(0.4 + 4 )

= 0.1 + 2.6 + 16
u = 2( + 4 ) + 2( + 4 ) = 2(0.25 + 4 ) + 2(0.40 + 4 )
= 1.3 + 16d

= 2.9 ∗ 3.5 = 10.15

⇒ − = ∗

⇒ [10.15 − (0.25 + 4d)(0.4 + 4d)] × 324 = (1.3 + 16d)d ∗ V − − − − − − − (1)

/
v = 0.12(100ρ f ) ud

− 30⁄37 , = 30

0.85 0.85 ∗ 30
= = = 17
1.5

⁄
= 0.3 ∗ (30) = 2.9

400 , = 400

400
= = = 347.83
1.15

/
⇒v = 0.12 100ρ f ud = 0.12(100 ∗ 0.02 ∗ 30) (1.3 + 16d)d

⇒V = 0.4698[1.3 + 16d]d … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . (2)

Equation (2) Substitute in equation (1)

⇒ [10.15 − (0.25 + 4d)(0.4 + 4d)] × 324 = (1.3 + 16d)d ∗ (0.4698[1.3 + 16d]d )

Solving of ⇒ = 0.640

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ii) Diagonal tension (wide beam shear)

For wide beam shear, the critical section is distance from face of column

3.5m

2.9m

2.9 0.250
= − − = 1.325 −
2 2
ℎ , = 3.5 = 3.5 ∗ (1.325 − ) , =
⇒V = 1.642(2.9 − d)(0.25 + 4d)
= 1.19045 − 18.59d − 6.56d (i)

= − − = (1.325 − ) ∗ 324 ∗ 2.9

2 2
= 1244.97 − 939.6 ( )
From (i) & (ii)
1244.97 − 939.6 ≤ 1.19045 − 18.59d − 6.56d ⇒ = 0.380

The smaller value of is used the foundation is failure by punching shear

Take = 0.550 = 550
Step 5: Determine the flexural reinforcing steel based on reasonable assumption of footing
depth. The longitudinal (flexural) steel is designed using the critical moments (negative and
positive) from the moment diagram. Thus, typically, combined footings will have longitudinal
steel at both top and bottom of the footing.
a) Long direction
- The reinforcement is calculated for the maximum negative moment , =
3095.8 .

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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

⁄
= = 59.48 ⇒ = 4.73 ( − 2, 1 ))

4.73 ∗ 3095.8 × 10
= = = 26623.39
550
3500
= = 117.39
24 − 1

a b 452 × 2700
= = = 59.42
A 26623.39
⇒ 60 Φ ⁄ 50
b) Short direction
i) Bottom
- assuming that the strip A carries the which column of = 1594.5 .
= = = 157.09 ⁄
( ⁄2 + + ⁄2)

= 0.5( + + (( − )⁄2) = 516.92 .

2 2

⁄
= = 82.68

→ = 4.07 ( − 2, 1 1)

4.07 ∗ 516.92 × 10
= = = 3825.21
550

⇒ 13 Φ
- Assuming that the strip B carries the which column of = 1651.36

= = = 162.70 ⁄
( ⁄2 + + ⁄2)

= 0.5( + + (( − )⁄2) = 892.31 .

2 2

⁄
= = 42.26

→ = 4.21 ( − 2, 1 1)

4.21 ∗ 892.31 × 10
= = = 6830.21
550

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⇒ 22 Φ
ii) Top : using the minimum reinforcement bars
, = 641.75
⇒ 5Φ

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CHAPTER NINE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

9.1. CONCLUSION

The thesis is done through hard work and strong commitment of all group members .in this
pepper design made from top to down with caring each thing with great curating and well
defined way to get well and great accomplishment on design numbering and minimizing
possibility on design compatibility.

In design process there is come consideration is followed that is; design compatibility (how it
compactable to each of design on itself also with environment), safety and economical
advantage.

We doing this building standard of our country Ethiopian Building Code Standard (EBCS2)
1995 was largely referred in deciding on size and proportions of reinforced concrete.

Generally it helps us to summarize what have been learnt during their study. It also helped us to
develop working in teams, understanding with each other and develop good interaction with each
other in accomplishing each task we performed according to schedule. In general doing this
project enables us to develop self-confidence up on what we learnt in class and introduce to what
we have to decide in designing building.

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9.2. RECOMMENDATION

 All the structural members should be built as per the design. The quality of material to be
used for construction should fulfill the specification given in the design. Any mistaking
of structural drawing will make total collapse of the structure, so we recommend that the
drawing must be read and implemented on the actual ground.
 Material should be qualities; material should full fill some quality concepts such as
strength weight and durability. Many of structural frailer happed do to the quality of
material used.
 Supervision and inspection; any of building need excellent supervision and testing some
quality’s after it placed on a building site.
 Workshop; all design have some difficulties when it applied on real world so some
workshop is needed to reforming and re analysis the design as well as need to conduct
good relationship between design office and site managers.

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REFERENCS

1) K.R.Arora, Dr. 2004. SOIL MECHANICS FOUNDATIONS ENGINEERING. Delhi :

A.K.Jain, 2004. 81-8014-028-8.
2) Arthur H. Nilson, D. D. 1991. Design Of Concrete Structures. New york ,USA :
McGraw Hill Companies, 1991.
3) Bill Mosley, John Burgey. 2007. Reinforced concrete design to Eurocode. chine :
palgravle macmillary, 2007.
4) Construction, Ministry of Urban Development &. 2015. BASIS OF DESIGN AND
ACTION ON STRUCTURES, EBCS-1. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia : Ministry of Urban
Development & Construction, 2015.
5) Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia : s.n., 2015.
6) FOUNDATIONS, EBCS-7.2015, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
7) Design of Concrete Structures ,EBCS-2, 2015. Adiss Abeba : Ministry of Urban
Development & Construction.
8) Grob.J., a. T. 2010. ultimate strength and design of Reinforced concrete Beams under
bending shear. New york : s.n., 2010.
9) K R Wilson, S S Ray. 2000. Manual for the design of reinforced concrete building
structures to EC-2. s.l. : Institution of Structural Engineers, 2000.
10) Minstry of urban development, housing and construction. Action on structures -
Part1-1: Genernal action desities ,selfweight,imposed loads for building , EBCS-PART-
1-1. Adiss Abeba ,Ethiopia : 2015.
11) V.N.S.Murthy. 2014. solil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering . Deihi :, 2014.

Final year project (Thesis) report By Hanan K., Hayat M., Tariku E. Page 536
 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF G+6 MIXED USED BUILDING 2022

APPEDX
A-1: Minimum dimensions and axis distances for reinforced concrete slabs

Minimum dimensions (mm)

Standard fire resistance Slab

thickness Axis -distance ,a
ℎ( )
One-way Two-way
⁄ ≤ 1.5 1.5 < ⁄ ≤2
1 2 3 4 5
30 80 10∗ 10∗ 10∗
60 20 20 10∗ 15
90 100 30 15∗ 20
120 120 40 20 25
180 150 55 30 40
240 175 65 40 50
are the spans of a two-way slab (two direction at right angles), where is the longer direction and is short
direction.

A-2: Basic ratios of span/effective depth for reinforced concrete members without axial
compression

Concrete highly stressed Concrete lightly Stressed

K = . % = . %
Structural System
Simply supported beam, one-or
two-way spanning 1.0 14 20
simply supported slab
End span of continuous beam or
one –way continuous slab or 1.3 18 26
two-way spanning slab
continuous over one long side
Interior span of beam or one-
way or two-way spanning slab 1.5 20 30
Slab supported on columns
without beams (flat slab) (based 1.2 17 24
on longer span)
Cantilever 0.4 6 8

The basic ratios given in Table 2.24 are modified in particular cases according to:

(a) For span longer than 7m (except flat slabs) and where it is necessary to limit deflections
to ensure that finishes are not damaged, the basic values should be multiplied by 7⁄ .

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(b) For flat slabs with spans in excess of 8.5m, multiply the basic ratios by8.5⁄ .
(c) For characteristic steel strengths other than 500 ⁄ , multiply the basic ratios
by500⁄ .
(d) Where more tension reinforcement is provided ( , ) than that calculated ( , ) at
the ultimate limit state, multiply the basic ratios by , ⁄ , . The span-effective
depth ratio should not however exceed that indicated for ‘nominally reinforced’ concrete.

A-2: Bending moment coefficients for rectangular panels supported on four sides with provision
for torsion at corner (EBCS-2)

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A-3: Factors for adjusting span moments,

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A-3: Shear Force Coefficients for Uniformly Loaded Rectangular Panel Supported on Four
Sides with provision for Torsion at Corners

B. CHART NUMBER

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B-1: Uniaxial Chart No. 7

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B-2: Uniaxial Chart No. 2

B-3: Biaxial Chart N.-5

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C-DESIGN TABLE AND CHARE

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