Simo Niskanen EMC and Harmonics

EN 61800-3
EN 61000-3-12
rev. B
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EMC and Harmonics

What is the difference between EMC and

Harmonics?
EMC
Harmonics
Statements
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 Harmonics or EMC ?
HARMONICS EMC
•Conducted •Conducted and Radiated
•Immunity and Emissions •Immunity and Emissions
•IEC/EN 61000-3-12 •IEC/EN 61800-3

50 Hz 2 kHz 100 kHz 150 kHz 30 MHz 1000 MHz

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3 J EMC
Immunity

Control
Supply
network Process

Conducted
emission Radiated emissions

Earth
Motor
connection
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Motor
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Radiated emissions
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Appendix: Cable lengths

Appendix: Cable lengths

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Appendix: Cable lengths

EMC in HVAC – Which norm to use ?

61800-3 55011
For Drives specifically Generic Norm

Emissions & immunity ONLY Emissions

OK NOT OK
OK NOT OK
OK OK
ALL: Drive, Motor
and Motor cable ONLY Drive considered
Control
Supply
Control network
Supply Process
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network Process
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Earth
Motor
Earth connection
Motor
connection

NO
Motor

OK Motor
 EMC Categories
Medium voltage network
Common
transformer

PRIVAT i.e
PUBLIC low- Industrial low-
voltage network voltage network
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Commercial & Domestic Environment Industrial Environment

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Categories C1 and C2 Categories C3 and C4

HVAC

EMC Categories

Category C1
– household appliances
– Usually plug connectable to wall outlet
– Anyone can connect these to network
– Example:
TV sets, computers, microwave ovens etc
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 EMC Categories

Categories C2, C3, C4

– professional equipment
– need to be installed by a professional
(needs hardwiring)

– Example
AC drives
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3 J EMC
The VSD must - as standard
– have built-in RFI-filters
– comply with EMC directive 89/336/EEC with
supplements
– Comply with product standard EN 61800-3 Class C2
(1st environment restricted distribution)
Tested with motor and motor cable

without external filters

with maximum cable lengths at least 75m
(Manufacturers statement in writing) See appendix 3!

Cable lengths
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– External filters are usually IP20 rated and not suitable to HVAC-
machinery room without external enclosure
– Longer motor cables are needed when motors are installed to
places where no easy access.
– VSD shall always be installed to places where easy access.
 Appendix: Cable lengths

Manufacturer’s statements
– Cable lengths and EMC
– With motor and motor cable

EMC
– Manufacturers statement is more warrant
than marketing material or speech
– Marketing materials sometimes conflicts to
real facts
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– Exact facts like

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Environment
Switching frequency
Protection class
Emissions and Immunity
– Radiated and Conducted
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 ”A Clean Standard IEC/EN 61000-3-12
against Dirty electricity
IEC/EN 61000-3-12”
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What are harmonics

Sinusoidal 50 Hz wave form

Amplitude
voltage / 50Hz fundamental
current

Time
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In reality pure 50Hz sin waves are rare, networks are

polluted with harmonics.
 What are harmonics

Sinusoidal 50 Hz wave form with 3rd harmonic

Amplitude
voltage /
current 50Hz fundamental

Time
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This sine wave has a frequency of 150Hz and is referred

to as the third harmonic

What are harmonics

Sinusoidal 50 Hz wave form with 3rd harmonic and

resultant
Amplitude
voltage /
current

Time

50hz
150hz
Resultant

The result will be the sum of the two waves at

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any instance
 What are harmonics

Sinusoidal 50 Hz wave form with 3rd harmonic

and resultant
Resultant
Amplitude
voltage /
current

Time
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The situation will become more complex if several

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harmonics are present

What are harmonics

Harmonic multiples

3rd harmonic = 150Hz

5th harmonic = 250Hz

7th harmonic = 350Hz

25th harmonic = 1250Hz

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etc
 Effects of harmonics
The effects of harmonics can be:
Overheating of
– transformers, cables, motors,
generators and capacitors

INCREASING LOSSES

DECREASING
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EQUIPMENT LIFE TIME

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IEC/EN 61000-3-12 – What is it ?

First exclusive standard to limit Harmonics in Buildings

– 61000-3-4 can be overlooked by emphasizing the professional nature of the
unit

Enables a simple way to specify a technically sound

solution

Part 3-12: Limits – Limits for harmonic currents

produced by equipment connected to public low-
voltage systems with input current >16 A and 75 A
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per phase (apx 7,5…37 kW)

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 IEC/EN 61000-3-12 – WHERE TO APPLY ?
Medium voltage network
Common
transformer

PUBLIC low- PRIVAT i.e

voltage network Industrial low-
voltage network

Commercial & Domestic Environment Industrial Environment

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ACH550 AND OTHER 61000-3-12 NON 61000-3-12

COMPLIANT PRODUCTS COMPLIANT PRODUCTS

IEC/EN 61000-3-12 – To be applied NOW !

Dec/2004:
– IEC61000-3-12 was passed

Feb/2005:
– IEC61000-3-12 became MANDATORY EN61000-3-12

Feb/2008:
– Transition period ends

– EN 61000-3-12 becomes a part of PRODUCT CE-requirement

– After this date any unit not fulfilling this standard MUST NOT be sold
to public low voltage environment (=HVAC)
– Projects being specified NOW should take into consideration:
Safe bet is to use Compliant product as of now
Projects being implemented around end of transition might have to swap the
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product
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– Distributors will stop buying these units even sooner as they don’t
want to have any stock at the time of the end of the transition period
 Validity chain of EN61000-3-12
Basically all electrical equipment which are sold at
EU market must comply with EMC-directive.
(Can be read in directive.)
If a device does not comply with the directive, it
cannot use CE-mark (Can be read in directive.)
Directive requirements are described in standards.
The list of standards what a device must comply
with to comply with the directive is published in EU
Official journal.
It can be seen in Journal.
EN 61000-3-2 : 2000 is a requirement (it will be
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–
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replaced by EN 61000-3-2:2006 at 1.2.2009)

– EN 61000-3-12 :2005 is a requirement at 1.2.2008
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EN 61000-3-12

IEC/EN 61000-3-12 - Limits

ACH 550 with Swinging choke

70
Standard Limit
60

50

40
THD %

30

20

10
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0
ACH550 Traditional AC Choke

Limit with short circuit ratio ≥ 120

 IEC/EN 61000-3-12 - Limits
ACH 550 with Swinging choke

Spectrum of Swinging Choke and Traditional AC Choke

80

70

60

50
Standard Limits
40

30

20

10
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0
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3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39

ACH550 Traditional AC Choke

Limits with short circuit ratio ≥ 120

IEC/EN 61000-3-12 standard limits for drives

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IEC/EN 61000-3-12 has limits not only for THD

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IEC/EN 61000-3-12 has also limits for

10 harmonic multiples and for PWHD
 IEC/EN 61000-3-12 - Limits

DC choke fulfils the requirements more likely

than an AC choke
– AC choke’s 5th harmonic is usually most problematic

ACH550 has got a swinging choke as standard

– Identical technology used also in the range of 0,75-
5,5 kW
– EN61000-3-12 starts from 7,5 kW but physics do
NOT !
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IEC/EN 61000-3-12 - Compliance

ACH550 fulfills the standard with short circuit ratio

(RSCE )120

This value is very good for any normal distribution

network

The higher the RSCE-value, the larger transformer is

needed. Values higher than 120 should be considered
case-by-case.
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 IEC/EN 61000-3-12 – Compliance

Manufacturer’s Statement must be provided with at

least the following information
– Product range that fulfills the standard
– With which short circuit ratio the standard is met

Manufacturer must provide true data for authority

control
– NO Statement = NO Data = NO 61000-3-12 Compliance
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IEC/EN 61000-3-12 - Summary

First exclusive standard to limit Harmonics in Buildings

Mandatory in installations in EU FEB/2008
7,5…37 kW
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 Statements

Always ask for Manufacturer’s

Statement – and YOU are safe !!!
EMC: ACH550 Cable lengths / EMC
Harmonics:
EN 61000-3-12 Standard for
Harmonics
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IEC/EN 61000-3-12

ACH 550 with Swinging Choke

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