SHRI SADGURU GANGAGEER MAHARAJ SCIENCE, GAUTAM ARTS

AND SANJIVANI COMMERCE COLLEGE, KOPARGAON

Mathematics Paper-II
PRACTICAL – VI
DIFFERENTAIL EQUATIONS
Ex. (1) Water at 100°𝐶 cools in 10 minutes to 85°𝐶 in a room temperature of 25°𝐶. Find the
temperature of water after 20 minutes.
Solution: Let 𝜃 be the temperature of the body at time t . Room temperature is 25° C.
According to Newton’s law of cooling
𝑑𝜃
∝ (𝜃 − 25)
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝜃
∴ = −𝑘(𝜃 − 25) 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘 > 0
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝜃
𝑖. 𝑒 = −𝑘𝑑𝑡
𝜃 − 25
On integrating we get,
𝑑𝜃
∫ = −𝑘 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 + 𝐶
𝜃 − 25
∴ log|𝜃 − 25| = −𝑘𝑡 + 𝐶 … … … … (𝑖)
Given that when 𝑡 = 0, 𝜃 = 100
log|100 − 25| = − 𝑘(0) + 𝐶 ⇒ 𝐶 = log 75
∴ Equation (I) becomes
log|𝜃 − 25| = − 𝑘𝑡 + log 75
⇒ log|𝜃 − 25| − log 75 = −𝑘𝑡
𝜃 − 25
log | | = −𝑘𝑡 … … … … … … (𝑖𝑖)
75
Also when 𝑡 = 10, 𝜃 = 85 from (𝑖𝑖) we get,
85 − 25
log | | = −𝑘(10)
75
1 60
⇒ −𝑘 = log ( )
10 75
∴ Equation (𝑖𝑖) becomes
𝜃 − 25 𝑡 4
log | |= log ( ) … … … … (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
75 10 5
We have find 𝜃, when 𝑡 = 20. So put in (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
𝜃 − 25 20 4
log | |= log ( )
75 10 5
𝜃 − 25 4
⇒ log | | = 2 log ( )
75 5
𝜃 − 25 4 2
⇒ log | | = log ( )
75 5
2
𝜃 − 25 4
⇒| |=( )
75 5
16
∴ 𝜃 − 25 = × 75
25
∴ 𝜃 − 25 = 48
∴ 𝜃 = 48 + 25 = 73
Therefore, the temperature of water after 20 minutes will be 73°𝐶
Ex. (2) The population of a town increases at a rate proportional to the population at that
time. If the population increases from 40,000 to 60,000 in 40 years, what will be the
population of the town in another 20 years? (𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: √1.5 = 1.2247)
Solution: Let P be the population of a town at time 𝑡. Given that the population of the town
increases at a rate proportional to the population at that time.
𝑑𝑃
∝𝑃
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑃
∴ = 𝑘𝑃 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘 > 0
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑃
𝑖. 𝑒 = 𝑘𝑑𝑡
𝑃
On integrating we get,
𝑑𝑃
∫ = 𝑘 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 + 𝐶
𝑃
∴ log 𝑃 = 𝑘𝑡 + 𝐶 … … … … (𝑖)
Given that when 𝑡 = 0, 𝑃 = 40,000
log 40000 = 𝑘(0) + 𝐶 ⇒ 𝐶 = log 40000
∴ Equation (I) becomes
log 𝑃 = 𝑘𝑡 + log 40000
⇒ log 𝑃 − log 40000 = 𝑘𝑡
𝑃
log | | = 𝑘𝑡 … … … … … … (𝑖𝑖)
40000
Also when 𝑡 = 40, 𝑃 = 60000 from (𝑖𝑖) we get,
60000
log | | = 𝑘(40)
40000
1 3
⇒ 𝑘= log ( )
40 2
∴ Equation (𝑖𝑖) becomes
𝑃 𝑡 3
log | |= log ( ) … … … … (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
40000 40 2
So Population in another 20 years means, when 𝑡 = 40 + 20 = 60 years.
From (𝑖𝑖𝑖) we get,
𝑃 60 3
log | |= log ( )
40000 40 2
𝑃 3 3
⇒ log | | = log ( )
40000 2 2
𝑃 3 3/2
⇒ log | | = log ( )
40000 2
3/2
𝑃 3
⇒| |=( )
40000 2
3
∴ 𝑃 = (√1.5) × 40000
∴ 𝑃 = 4 × 10000 × 1.5 × √1.5
∴ 𝑃 = 6 × 10000 × 1.2247
∴ 𝑃 = 6 × 12247 = 73,482
Therefore, population in another 20 years is 73,482.

Ex. (3) The radioactive isotope Indium-111 is often used for diagnosis and imaging in
nuclear medicine and treatment. The rate of decay of an Indium isotope is proportional to
4
the mass of isotope present at that time. Its half-life is 2 5 days. What was the initial mass of
the isotope before decay, if the mass in 2 weeks was 5 g?
Solution: Let 𝑀 be the mass of isotope present at time 𝑡 . Given that the rate of decay of an
isotope is proportional to the mass of isotope present at that time.
𝑑𝑀
∝𝑀
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑀
∴ = −𝑘𝑀 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘 > 0
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑀
𝑖. 𝑒 = −𝑘𝑑𝑡
𝑀
On integrating we get,
𝑑𝑀
∫ = −𝑘 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 + 𝐶
𝑀
∴ log 𝑀 = −𝑘𝑡 + 𝐶 … … … … (𝑖)
Let 𝑀0 be the initial mass i.e. when 𝑡 = 0
𝑖. 𝑒. log 𝑀0 = −𝑘(0) + 𝐶 ⇒ 𝐶 = log 𝑀0
∴ Equation (I) becomes
log 𝑀 = −𝑘𝑡 + log 𝑀0
⇒ log 𝑀 − log 𝑀0 = −𝑘𝑡
𝑀
log | | = −𝑘𝑡 … … … … … … (𝑖𝑖)
𝑀0
4 4
Given that, half-life is 2 5 days i.e. in 2 5 days isotopes decays to half of its original
4 14 𝑀0
mass. i.e. when 𝑡 = 2 5 = ,𝑀 = . So from (𝑖𝑖) we get,
5 2
𝑀0 /2 14
log | | = −𝑘 ( )
𝑀0 5
5 1
⇒ −𝑘 = log ( )
14 2
∴ Equation (𝑖𝑖) becomes
𝑀 5𝑡 1
log | | = log ( ) … … … … (𝑖𝑖𝑖)
𝑀0 14 2
Given that the mass in 2 weeks was 5 gm,
i.e. when 𝑡 = 2 𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑘𝑠 = 14 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠, 𝑀 = 5𝑔𝑚, From (𝑖𝑖𝑖) we get,
5 5 × 14 1
log | | = log ( )
𝑀0 14 2
5 1
⇒ log | | = 5 log ( )
𝑀0 2
5 1 5
⇒ log | | = log ( )
𝑀0 2
5
5 1
⇒| |=( )
𝑀0 2
5 1
⇒| |=
𝑀0 32
∴ 𝑀0 = 5 × 32
∴ 𝑀0 = 160
∴ Initial mass of the isotopes before decay is 160 gm.
Ex. (4) Find the equation of the curve that passes through the point (1,2) and has at every
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥𝑦
point 𝑑𝑥 = − 1+𝑥 2
Solution: Given that,
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥𝑦
=−
𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑥2
1 2𝑥
𝑑𝑦 = − 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥𝑦 1 + 𝑥2
Integrating both sides w. r. t. 𝑥 we get,
1 2𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 1 + 𝑥2
log|𝑦| = − log|1 + 𝑥 2 | + log 𝐶
log|𝑦| + log|1 + 𝑥 2 | = log 𝐶
log|𝑦(1 + 𝑥 2 )| = log 𝐶
𝑦(1 + 𝑥 2 ) = 𝐶 … … . . (𝑖)
Given that the curve passes through (1,2). So, Put 𝑥 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 2 in equation (𝑖)
2(1 + (1)2 ) = 𝐶
⇒ 𝐶=4
Put 𝐶 = 4 in equation (𝑖) we get,
𝑦(1 + 𝑥 2 ) = 4 is the required equation of the curve.