Lab 1

Virtualization is a technology that allows you to create a virtual (rather than actual) version of
something, such as an operating system (OS), server, storage device, or network resource. It enables
multiple virtual environments to run on a single physical hardware system, which can improve resource
efficiency, reduce costs, and simplify management.

Virtualization works by using software, known as a hypervisor or virtual machine monitor (VMM),
which sits on top of the physical hardware and abstracts the physical resources (like CPU, memory, and
storage). The hypervisor allocates these resources to different virtual machines (VMs) as needed,
allowing multiple VMs to run independently on a single piece of hardware.

OS:

An Operating System (OS) is a type of software that acts as an intermediary between computer
hardware and the user. It is responsible for managing hardware resources (such as the CPU,
memory, storage, and input/output devices), providing a user interface, and enabling the
execution of software applications.

Virtual BOX

VirtualBox is an open-source virtualization software developed by Oracle, which allows users

to run multiple operating systems (OS) simultaneously on a single physical machine. By creating
virtual machines (VMs), it enables users to test and experiment with different OS environments
without affecting the host system.

VirtualBox is a powerful and flexible tool for virtualization, offering a range of benefits for
personal, educational, and professional use. Its cross-platform compatibility, open-source nature,
and wide support for various operating systems make it an attractive choice for users wanting to
run multiple OS environments. However, it does have limitations in terms of performance,
resource usage, and advanced enterprise features compared to commercial solutions.

For developers, system administrators, educators, or anyone who needs to experiment with
different operating systems in a cost-effective way, VirtualBox provides a highly accessible and
functional solution. However, for high-performance needs or enterprise-grade environments,
other virtualization platforms like VMware or Hyper-V might be better suited.

Lab 2 EtterCap Tool to Perform Kali Linux

Perform MITM Attack in Kali linux

Use Ettercap Graphical Tool to perform this Attack

Lab 1.1

Kali Linux Basic Commands All commands run a Terminal

C1: whoami (It shows the host(user) name of the machine.

C2: passwd (to change the password of the machine).

C3: date (to check date and time)

C4: uname (to check operating system name for example windows/Kali linux/mac etc)

C5: clear (to remove all the data in the terminal)

C6: history (it shows the list of the command which is used in the previously)

C7: sudo su (It shows the super user when you type the command then it demands you password. After
this user enter in root mode. Root have full acces to the machine and it shows the super user. Always
work in root mode.

C8: apt-get update (to update the kali linux machine this will work in root mode)

C9: reboot (to restart the machine)

C10: apt-get -f update (this command is used for fully update the machine. This will work in root mode).

C11: pwd (Present working directory it shows the path of the current location of the user).

C12: ls (it provides the list of the directories) Directories means folders

C13: cd (Current directory it shows the current directory of the machine) IF we go to any directory of the
machine first we type the cd command then the directory shows.

C14: exit (if we want to go back the simple mode means root to desktop/home mode then we use the
exit command).

C15: ls -la (use this command to show the hidden files)

C16: tree (This command also shows the list of directories in a tree format).
C17: cd - (this command is used to back from one directory to previous directory).

C18: cd.. (for step by step back use cd.. )

C19: mkdir (this command is used to create the directories type mkdir and folder name like mkdir
NewFolder )

C20: mkdir (If we want to create multiple folders then type mkdir and folder name like mkdir
NewFolder NewFolder2 NewFolder3)

C21: rmdir (If we want to remove the direcrtory then simply type the rmdir and direcrtory name like
this rmdir NewFolder)

C22: mv (This command is used to rename/change any folder name > Type mv then foldername then
new name like this mv Newfolder to Cybersecurity(the new name of the folder)

C23: touch (This Command is used to create the file > Type Touch and file name like this touch
Test.txt)

C24: rm(This Command is used to remove the file name > Type rm and file name like this rm Test.txt

C25: cal (This Command is used to open the calendar in the terminal)

C26: cp (This Command is used to copy the files Type cp filename and then copy this file paste into the
other folder

C27: echo (This Command is used to print the text > like echo Hello World (just like we print the
statements in programming. We ca either use the quotes double quotes “”, signle quotes ’’ or without
quotes it depends on us)) and if we want to add this text into the text File then just type echo Hello
world> Test.txt )

C28: cat (If we want to display/view the content of the file then we type the cat text.txt)

C29: mmv (This command is used to move the files from one directory to another directory

C30: vi (This Command is used to open the text editor )

C31: nano (This Command is also used to open a file in the text editor

C32: free (This Command is used to view the space memory of the machine

C33: df (df stands disk free it is used to view the disks space

C34: ps (This command is used to check the active process status)

C35: ps aux (This command is used to view all the process)

C36: more (this Command is used to read the big files

C37:

---------------------- -
 BS IT 3rd Semester Information Security Make Up Classes Schedule
Program & Section Missed Class (07-10-2024) Make up Class (11-10-2024)
BSIT Blue Monday 4th Slot Friday 6th Slot in LR 303
BSIT Grey Monday 3rd Slot Friday 5th Slot in LR 305

BS IT 3rd Semester Information Security Make Up Classes Schedule

Program & Section Missed Class (07-10-2024) Make up Class (11-10-2024)
BSIT Blue Monday 4th Slot Friday 6th Slot in LR 303
BSIT Grey Monday 3rd Slot Friday 5th Slot in LR 305

 C1: whoami
(Displays the username of the current user on the machine.)

 C2: passwd
(Used to change the password of the machine.)

 C3: date
(Displays the current date and time.)

 C4: uname
(Displays the operating system name, for example, Windows/Kali Linux/macOS, etc.)
 C5: clear
(Clears all data displayed in the terminal.)

 C6: history
(Displays the list of commands previously used.)

 C7: sudo su
(Switches to the superuser mode. When you type this command, it asks for the password. After
entering the password, the user switches to root mode, where the root user has full access to the
machine. Always use caution when working in root mode.)

 C8: apt-get update

(Updates the Kali Linux machine. This command must be run in root mode.)

 C9: reboot
(Restarts the machine.)

 C10: apt-get -f update

(Fully updates the machine. This command must be run in root mode.)

 C11: pwd
(Displays the present working directory, showing the path of the user's current location.)

 C12: ls
(Provides a list of directories. "Directories" refers to folders.)

 C13: cd
(Changes the current directory. To navigate to a specific directory, type the cd command
followed by the directory's name.)

 C14: exit
(Switches from root mode back to the default user mode, e.g., desktop/home mode.)

 C15: ls -al
(Displays hidden files along with regular files and directories.)

 C16: tree
(Displays the list of directories in a tree format.)

 C17: cd -
(Navigates back to the previous directory.)

 C18: cd ..
(Moves one step back to the parent directory.)
 C19: mkdir
(Creates a new directory. Example: mkdir NewFolder creates a folder named "NewFolder.")

 C20: mkdir
(To create multiple directories, type mkdir followed by the folder names. Example: mkdir
NewFolder NewFolder2 NewFolder3.)

 C21: rmdir
(Removes a directory. Example: rmdir NewFolder will delete the "NewFolder" directory.)

 C22: mv
(Renames or moves a folder. Example: mv NewFolder Cybersecurity renames "NewFolder"
to "Cybersecurity.")

 C23: touch
(Creates a new file. Example: touch Test.txt creates a file named "Test.txt.")

 C24: rm
(Removes a file. Example: rm Test.txt will delete the file "Test.txt.")

 C25: cal
(Displays the calendar in the terminal.)

 C26: cp
(Copies a file to another location. Example: cp Test.txt /path/to/other/folder copies
"Test.txt" to another folder.)