Shri G.S.

Institute of Technology & Science, Indore

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

Electronics Workshop
(EC 25568)
Session- Jan 2024 – June 2024
A Project Report on
“Foot Step Power Generation Circuit using Piezoelectric Sensor”

Submitted To : Submitted By : GROUP - 3

Mr. Ashwin Shrivastava Sir Mohd Abdul Zaid Qureshi -0801EC221056

Khushi Soni -0801EC221045

Krishna Agarwal -0801EC221048

Krishna Kodape -0801EC221049

 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Khushi Soni, Krishna Agrawal , Mohd Abdul Zaid Qureshi and Krishna Kodape
studying in B.Tech. 2nd year in session January 2024 to May 2024 , have successfully completed the
project “Foot Step Power Generation Circuit using Piezoelectric Sensor ” of the Electronics
Workshop and have submitted a report having satisfactory details of it .

Date :-3/04/2024 Guided by :

Mr. Ashwin Shrivastava Sir
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to take this opportunity to express our gratitude to all those
people who have helped us in our project, for their valuable guidance and
experience which they poured on us in right direction. Their persistent
encouragement, everlasting experience and valuable inspiration helped us a lot
in molding the present shape of the project.

We would like to express gratitude to our staff members for their support too.
INTRODUCTION

Piezoelectric Effect is the ability of some materials to produce an electric charge in

response to applied pressure. The word Piezoelectric is derived from the Greek
piezein, which means to squeeze or press, and piezo, which is a Greek word for
“push”.

Materials which show direct piezoelectric effect follows a reverse behaviour meaning
when stress is applied to these materials, they produce electricity (Direct Piezoelectric
Effect) and in reverse conditions, when electricity is applied to these materials, they
produce stress. To develop a working model, we have used connected four
piezoelectric sensors in series which are further connected to a complex circuit which
includes 7805 Voltage Regulator IC, IN4007 Diodes, booster convertor, etc.
Piezoelectric materials can be used as bending, compression or shear mode sensors.
All three modes are sensitive to external force applied to the material but the highest
sensitivity is awarded to the bending mode.

When pressure is applied on piezo material, a charge is generated across it. Thus, it
acts as an ideal Capacitor.
 WORKING PRINCIPAL
A working model of Footstep Power Generation is demonstrated in this project, the basic working of
this model has been presented as a block diagram (Fig.1). To implement this model four piezoelectric
sensor that are connected in series to increase the voltage output, this sensor generates AC voltage
which is transferred to the bridge rectifier. The output voltage from the sensor can be of two types
because it produces AC voltage: Positive: When positive voltage is received then it is passed into the
forward bias mode which will in turn charge the battery. Negative: When a negative voltage is
received then it is transferred to the reverse bias of the bridge rectifier. This way no voltage loss is
observed during a complete cycle. An additional resistor of 470 Ohm is placed in series along with a
capacitor of 4.7 mF with the LED to make the glow more noticeable.

Generation of power using piezoelectric effect

Rectification of generated AC voltage

Storing of rectified DC voltage in battery

Piezoelectric Effect
The piezoelectric effect refers to a variation in electric polarization that is produced in some
materials when pressure is applied on them. This pressure-dependent variation in polarization
establishes as a measurable potential difference across the material. Referred to as the direct
piezoelectric effect, this phenomenon is evident in many naturally occurring crystalline materials,
including quartz, Rochelle salt, and even human bone. Engineered materials, such as lithium niobate
and lead zirconate titanate, exhibit a more distinct piezoelectric effect. Piezoelectricity describes
interconversion between electrical charge and mechanical strain. The direct piezoelectric effect is
experiential as a change in surface charge density of a material in response to an external pressure.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
COMPONENTS USED
1. Piezoelectric sensor
2. LED(red)
3. Diode(1N4007)
4. Capacitor
5. Resistor (1k)
6. Push-button
7. Connecting Wires
8. Breadboard
Sr.no. Name of Specification Quantity Cost per
component unit

1 Capacitor 25v 47uf & 25v 2 5

220uf
2 Led 3mm 1 7
3 Diode Reverse 4 10
Voltage: 1000V
(peak) Forward
Current: 1A.
Peak Forward
Current: 30A
 COMPONENT DETAIL
1. Piezoelectric Sensor: This is the crucial component that generates electricity when
mechanical stress is applied, such as when someone steps on it. It consists of a piezoelectric
material that produces a voltage when subjected to pressure or stress.
2. LED (Red): The LED serves as an indicator to show that the system is operational or to
indicate when power is being generated. In this setup, the LED could light up when the
footstep generator produces enough electricity.
3. Diode (1N4007): The diode is used to prevent reverse current flow. It ensures that electricity
generated by the piezoelectric sensor flows in one direction only, preventing it from flowing
back into the sensor when pressure is released.
4. Capacitor: The capacitor is used to store the electrical energy generated by the piezoelectric
sensor. It acts as a temporary energy storage device, allowing the system to accumulate
enough charge before it's used to power a load.
5. Resistor (1k): The resistor may be used as a current-limiting resistor in the LED circuit to
prevent it from drawing too much current and burning out. It can also be used in other parts
of the circuit for various purposes, such as voltage division or current sensing.
6. Push-button: The push-button can be used as a manual switch to control the flow of
electricity in the circuit. It allows the user to turn the system on or off manually.
7. Connecting Wires: These wires are used to connect all the components together on the
breadboard, forming a complete circuit. They allow electricity to flow between the
components and ensure proper functionality of the system.
8. Breadboard: The breadboard provides a platform for prototyping and testing electronic
circuits without the need for soldering. It allows components to be easily connected and
rearranged, making it ideal for experimenting with different configurations of the footstep
power generator circuit.

By combining these components, you can create a footstep power generator circuit that
efficiently harvests energy from foot traffic and stores it for later use, demonstrating the
practical application of piezoelectricity in generating electricity from mechanical stress.

WORKING OF CIRCUIT
 A footstep power generator works on the principle of piezoelectricity, which is the
ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied
mechanical stress. Here's how it typically works:

1. Piezoelectric Material: The generator contains piezoelectric material, which could

be crystals, ceramics, or polymers. When this material is subjected to mechanical
stress or pressure, it generates an electric charge.
2. Mechanical Stress: When someone steps on the footstep power generator, the
mechanical stress from the weight of the person's foot applies pressure to the
piezoelectric material.
3. Electric Charge Generation: As the piezoelectric material is compressed, it
generates an electric charge. This charge is then collected by electrodes connected to
the material.
4. Conversion and Storage: The generated electric charge is then typically converted
to a usable form of electricity and stored in batteries or capacitors for later use.
5. Utilization: The stored electrical energy can then be used to power various devices
or systems, such as lighting, sensors, or charging stations for electronic devices.

Footstep power generators are often utilized in high-traffic areas like public transportation
stations, malls, or stadiums, where there is a constant flow of people walking, allowing for
continuous generation of electricity. They provide a sustainable and environmentally friendly
way to harvest energy from human motion.

PCB LAYOUT
IMAGE OF HARDWARE
RESULT/ CONCLUSION
In this project, we are generating electrical power as
non-conventional method by simply walking or running
on the foot step. Non-conventional energy system is
very essential at this time to our nation. Non-
conventional energy using foot step is converting
mechanical energy into the electrical energy. By using
this energy conservation theorem and Piezo sensor we
are proposing a new method for power generation.
Proposal for the utilization of waste energy of foot power
with human locomotion is very much relevant and
important for highly populated countries like India and
China where the roads, railway stations, bus stands,
temples, etc. are all over crowded and millions of people
move around the clock

BIBLIOGRAPHY
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11. https://circuitdigest.com/electronic-circuits/foot-step-power-generation-circuit-using-
piezoelectric-sensor

12. https://amzn.eu/d/hqtnfdi