Salman Sir’s Structured Questions

MACHINE 1 Mark Questions

1. Mechanical Advantage (MA), load (L) and effort (E) are related as
a) M × A = L × E
b) MA × E = L
c) E = MA × L
d) None of these

2. Select the incorrect statement.

a) A machine always has efficiency less than 100%.
b) The mechanical advantage of a machine can be less than 1
c) A machine can be used as a speed multiplier.
d) A machine can have mechanical advantage greater than its velocity ratio.

3. A woman draws water from a well using a fixed pulley. The mass of the bucket and the
water together is 10 kg. The force applied by the woman is 200 N. The mechanical advantage
is (Take, g = 10 m/s²)
a) 2
b) 20
c) 0.05
d) 0.5

4. The correct relationship between Mechanical Advantage (MA), Velocity Ratio (VR) and
efficiency (η) is
a) MA = eη × VR
b) VR = η × MA
c) η = MA × VR
d) None of these

5. Which one of the following statement is correct?

a) A machine is used to have more output energy as compared to input energy.
b) Mechanical advantage of a machine can never be greater than 1.
c) If a machine gives convenience of direction, then its mechanical advantage should be
greater than 1.
d) For a given design of a machine, even if the mechanical advantage increases, the velocity
ratio remains the same.

6. A lever for which mechanical advantage is less than 1 has

a) fulcrum at the mid-point between load and effort
b) load between effort and fulcrum
c) effort between fulcrum and loads.
d) load and effort acting at the same point

7. Class II lever are designed to have

a) MA = VR
b) MA > VR
c) MA > 1
d) MA < 1
8. Choose the correct statement.
a) In a simple machine, the input energy is always equal to output energy.
b) Actual mechanical advantage is greater than ideal mechanical advantage.
c) Velocity ratio is the ratio of displacement of the effort to the displacement of the load.
d) The mechanical advantage of a single fixed pulley is greater than one.

9. The diagram below shows the balanced position of a meter scale.

Which one of the following diagrams shows the correct position of the scale, when it is
supported at the centre?

10. If the centre of gravity of a metre scale of mass 80 g lies at the 45 cm mark, then which
one of the following diagrams will show the balanced position of the scale?

11. A single fixed pulley is used because it

a) has mechanical advantage greater than 1
b) has velocity ratio less than 1
c) gives 100% efficiency
 d) helps to apply the effort in a convenient direction

12. A movable pulley is used as

a) a force multiplier
b) a speed multiplier
c) a device to change the direction of effort
d) an energy multiplier

13. A pulley system has a single fixed pulley and a single movable pulley. Its mechanical
advantage is
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

14. The mechanical advantage of an inclined plane of angle of inclination 60° is equal to
a) 2/√3
b) cosec 30°
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of these

2 Marks Questions

15. Write two functions of a machine.

16. With reference to the terms mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency of a
machine, name and define the term that will not change for a machine of a given design.

17. When does a machine act as

(i) a force multiplier?
(ii) a speed multiplier?

18. Why cannot a machine be 100% efficient?

19. (i) What is meant by an ideal machine?

(ii) Write a relationship between the mechanical advantage (MA) and velocity ratio (VR) of
an ideal machine.

20. What is a lever? State its principle.

21. (i) Calculate the mechanical advantage of the lever shown in figure.

(ii) How do you define mechanical advantage of a machine?

22. The diagram below shows a claw hammer used to remove a nail.
(i) To which class of lever does it belong?
(ii) Give one more example of the same class of lever mentioned by you in part (i) for which
the mechanical advantage is greater than one.

23. Which class of lever will always have MA > 1 and why?

24. The diagram below shows a lever in use

(i) To which class of levers does it belong?

(ii) Without changing the dimensions of the lever, if the load is shifted towards the fulcrum
what happens to the mechanical advantage of the lever?

25. (i) Identify the class of the lever shown in the diagram below

(ii) How is it possible to increase the mechanical advantage of the above lever without
increasing its length?

26. Copy the diagram of the forearm given below, indicate the positions of load, effort and
fulcrum.

27. Draw a diagram to show how a single pulley can be used, so as to have its ideal MA = 2.

28. A type of single pulley is very often used as a machine, even though it does not give any
gain in mechanical advantage.
i. Name the type of pulley used.
ii. For what purpose is such a pulley used?

29. (i) Name a single pulley in which displacement of load and effort is not the same.
(ii) State one advantage of this pulley.

30. A block and tackle system of pulleys has a velocity ratio 4. Draw a labelled diagram of
the system indicating clearly the points of application and directions of load and effort.
 3 Marks Questions

31. What step could be taken to increase the mechanical advantage of a lever?

32. Assume that a pair of scissors and a pair of pliers belong to the same class of levers.
i. Which one has mechanical advantage less than one?
ii. What is the advantage of a machine whose mechanical advantage is less than one?

33. With the help of a diagram of a single fixed pulley, obtain expressions for its
i. mechanical advantage
ii. velocity ratio
iii. efficiency in the ideal case.

34. A pulley system comprises two pulleys, one fixed and the other movable.
i. Draw a labelled diagram of the arrangement and show clearly the directions of all
the forces acting on it.
ii. What change can be made in the movable pulley of this system to increase the
mechanical advantage of the system?

4 Marks Questions

35. State and explain the working principle of a lever with proper diagram.

36. Write the class of levers to which following belongs.

i. A physical balance vii. Rowing of a boat
ii. A see-saw viii. A fire tongs
iii. An oar of a boat ix. Sugar tongs
iv. Human-arm x. (x) A pair of scissors
v. (v) Pliers xi. Wheel barrow
vi. A claw-hammer xii. Nut cracker

37. Draw a diagram consisting of four pulleys in block and tackle arrangement.
i. State how many strands of tackle support the load?
ii. Draw arrows to represent tension in each strand.
iii. Find the mechanical advantage of the system stating the assumptions made.
iv. If load is pulled up by a distance of 1 m, how much does the effort arm move?

38. (i) Draw a diagram to show a block and tackle pulley system having a velocity ratio of 3
marking the direction of load (L), effort (E) and tension (T)
(ii) The pulley system drawn lifts a load of 150 N, when an effort of 60 N is applied. Find its
mechanical advantage.
(iii) Is the above pulley system an ideal machine or not?

39. (i) Write a relation expressing the mechanical advantage of a lever.

(ii) Write an expression for the mechanical advantage of an inclined plane.
(iii) Give two reasons as to why the efficiency of a single movable pulley system is always
less than 100%?

Numericals

40. A crow-bar of length 150 cm has its fulcrum situated at a distance of 50 cm from the load.
Calculate the mechanical advantage of crow-bar.

41. A crow-bar of length 90 cm has its fulcrum situated at a distance of 10 cm from the load.
Calculate the mechanical advantage of the crow-bar.
42. A fire tongs has its arms 30 cm long. It is used to lift a coal of weight 2 kgf by applying
an effort at distance 20 cm from the fulcrum. Find
(i) the mechanical advantage of fire tongs and
(ii) the effort needed.

43. The diagram below shows a lever in use.

If FA = 40 cm, AB = 60 cm, then find the mechanical advantage of the lever.

44. Two forces each of 10 N act vertically upwards and downwards, respectively on the two
ends of a uniform meter ruler which is placed at its mid-point as shown in the diagram.
Determine the magnitude of the resultant moment of these forces about the mid-point.

45. In the diagram shown below, calculate the resistance (R) offered by the nut, when an
effort of 50 N is applied.

46. A cook uses a fire tong of length 28 cm to lift a piece of burning coal of mass 250 g. If he
applies his effort at a distance of 7 cm from the fulcrum, what is the effort in SI unit? (Take, g
= 10 m/s²)

47. In the diagram of a stationary wheel barrow, the centre of gravity is at A. The wheel and
the leg are in contact with the ground. The horizontal distance between A and F is 50 cm and
that between B and F is 150 cm.

i. What is the direction of the force acting at A? Name the force.

ii. What is the direction of the minimum force at B to keep the leg off the ground?
What is this force called?
iii. The weight of the wheel barrow is 15 kgf and it holds sand of weight 60 kgf.
Calculate the minimum force required to keep the leg off the ground.

48. In a single movable pulley system a load of 300 kgf is lifted by an effort of 200 kgf. Find
the percentage efficiency of system.

49. A pulley system has a velocity ratio of 4 and an efficiency of 90%. Calculate
(i) the mechanical advantage of the system.
(ii) the effort required to raise a load of 300 N by the system.
50. A pulley system has four pulleys in all and is 75% efficient. Calculate
(i) MA and
(ii) effort required to lift a load of 1000 N.

51. A pulley system has three pulleys. A load of 120 N is overcome by applying an effort of
50 N. Calculate the mechanical advantage and efficiency of this system.

52. From the diagram given below answer the questions that follow

i. What kind of pulleys are A and B?

ii. State the purpose of pulley B.
iii. What effort has to be applied at C to just raise the load L = 20 kgf? (neglect the weight
of pulley A and friction)

53. A block and tackle system of pulleys has a velocity ratio 4. What is the value of the
mechanical advantage of the given pulley system, if it is an ideal pulley system?

54. The pulley system shown in the figure is used to raise 500 kgf object. What is the
mechanical advantage and what force is exerted?

55. A boy uses a single fixed pulley to lift a load of in 50 kgf to same height. Another boy
uses a single movable pulley to lift the same load to the same height. Compare the effort
applied by them. Give a reason to support your answer.

56. A pulley system with VR = 4 is used to lift a load of 175 kgf through a vertical height of
15 m. The effort required is 50 kgf in the downward direction. (Take, g = 10 N/kg )
Calculate
i. distance moved by the effort
ii. work done by the effort
iii. MA of the pulley system
iv. efficiency of the pulley system

57. A block and tackle with five pulleys is found to have a MA of 3, when a load of 10 N is
raised by it. Calculate
i. the effort applied
ii. VR
iii. efficiency and
iv. the total resistance R due to friction.

Structured Questions

58. (i) A uniform meter scale can be balanced at the 70.0 cm mark, when a mass of 0.05 kg is
hung from the 94.0 cm mark.
a) Draw a diagram of the arrangement.
b) Find the mass of the meter scale
(ii) If the weight of wheel barrow is 10 kgf and the weight of sand in it is 50 kgf, with the help
of information given in figure. Calculate the minimum effort required to keep the leg just off
the ground.

(iii) A block and tackle system has VR = 5

a) Draw a neat labelled diagram of a system indicating the direction of its load and
effort.
b) Rohan exerts a pull of 150 kgf. What is the maximum load he can raise with this
pulley system, if its efficiency -75%?

59. (i) (a) State the class of levers and the relative positions of load (L), effort (E) and fulcrum
(F) in each of the following cases:
I. A bottle opener II. Sugar tongs
(b) Why is less effort needed to lift a load over an inclined plane as compared to lifting the
load directly?
(ii) A force of 10 kgf is required to cut a metal sheet. A shear used for cutting a metal sheet
has its blades 10 cm long, while its handle is 20 cm long. What effort is needed to cut a sheet?
(iii) A block and tackle pulley system has a velocity ratio 3.
a. Draw a labelled diagram of this system. In your diagram, indicate clearly the points of
application and the directions of the load and effort.
b. Why should the lower block of this pulley system be of negligible weight?

60. (i) A block and tackle system of pulleys has velocity ratio 4.
a) Draw a neat labelled diagram of the system indicating clearly the points of
application and direction of load and effort.
b) What will be its velocity ratio, if the weight of the movable block is doubled?
(ii) A block and tackle system of pulleys has to velocity ratio 4.
a) Draw a labelled diagram of the system indication clearly, the direction of the load
and the effort
b) What is the value of the mechanical advantage of the given pulley system, if it is an
ideal pulley system?
(iii) The figure below shows a pulley arrangement.
a) Copy the figure and mark the direction of tension on each strand of the string.
b) What is the velocity ratio of the arrangement?
c) If the tension acting on the string is T, then what is the relationship between T and
effort E?
d) If the free end of the string moves through a distance x, then find the distance by
which the load is raised.