Scribd
Upload
7 views21 pages

Unwanted Imp

Find me all girls name

Uploaded by

harshdevmurari9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views21 pages

Unwanted Imp

Find me all girls name

Uploaded by

harshdevmurari9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Explain Data Independence.

Data Independence
• Data independency is the ability to modify a schema definition in one level
without affecting a schema definition in the next higher level.
Types of data independence
• Physical data independence
• Logical data independence
Physical data independence
• Physical data independence allows changing in physical storage devices or
organization of file without change in the conceptual view or external view.
• Modifications at the internal level are occasionally necessary to improve
performance.
• Physical data independence separates conceptual level from the internal level.
• It is easy to achieve physical data independence.
Logical data independence
• Logical data independence is the ability to modify the conceptual schema
without requiring any change in application programs.
• Conceptual schema can be changed without affecting the existing external
schema.
• Modifications at the logical level are necessary whenever the logical
structure of the database is altered.
• Logical data independence separates external level from the conceptual view.
• It is difficult to achieve logical data independence.
Explain Data Abstraction in DBMS.
• Database systems are made-up of complex data structures.
• To ease the user interaction with database, the developers hide internal
irrelevant details from users. This process of hiding irrelevant details from
user is called data abstraction.
Explain different database users.
There are four different database users.
Application programmers
• These users are computer professionals who write application programs
using some tools. E.g. Software developers
Sophisticated users
• These users interact with system without writing program. They form their
request in a database query language. E.g. Analyst.
Specialized users
• These users write specialized database applications that do not fit into the
traditional data processing framework. E.g. Database Administrator.
Naive users
• These users are unsophisticated users who have very less knowledge of
database system.
• These users interact with the system by using one of the application
programs that have been written previously.
• Examples, e.g. Clerk in bank
Differentiate the DA and DBA.
DA (Data Administrator) DBA (Database Administrator)
The data administrator is a person in the The database administrator is a person in
organization who controls the data of the the organization who controls the design
database. and the
use of the database.
DA determines what data to be stored in DBA provides necessary technical support
database based on requirements of the for implementing a database.
organization.
DA is involved more in the requirements DBA is involved more in the
gathering, analysis, and design phases. design, development, testing and
operational phases.
DA is a manager or some senior level DBA is a technical person having
person in an organization who knowledge of database technology.
understands organizational requirements
with respect to
data.
DA does not need to be a technical person, DBA does not need to be a business
but any kind of knowledge about database person, but any kind of knowledge about a
technology can be more beneficiary. functionality of an organization can be
more
beneficiary.
DA is a business focused person, but, DBA is a technically focused person, but,
he/she should understand more about the he/she should understand more about the
database technology. business to administer the databases
effectively.
Explain Database System Architecture.
Components of a DBMS
These functional units of a database system can be divided into two parts:
1. Query Processor Units (Components)
2. Storage Manager Units
Query Processor Units:
Query processor unit deal with execution of DDL (Data Definition Language) and DML
(Data Manipulation Language) statements.
• DDL Interpreter — Interprets DDL statements into a set of tables containing
metadata.
• DML Compiler — Translates DML statements into low level instructions
that the query evaluation engine understands.
• Embedded DML Pre-compiler — Converts DML statements embedded
in an application program into normal procedure caIls in the host
language.
• Query Evaluation Engine — Executes low level instructions generated
by DML compiler.
ALL
THE
BEST

You might also like