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Natural Language Processing

National

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15 views13 pages

Natural Language Processing

National

Uploaded by

jaykarakashya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University

NATURAL
LANGUAGE
PROCESSING

Presented by Archita Sahani


Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University

Overview
1 Introduction 6 Techniques and
Method

2 NLP for Machine 7 NLP Vs Computer


language
3 History of NLP 8 Future of NLP

Components of
4 NLP
9 Conclusion
5 Step of NLP
Summary
10
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University

Introduction
Process information contained in
natural language text
Also known as Computational
Linguistics (CL), Human Language
Technology (HLT), Natural Language
Engineering (NLE)
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University

NLP for Machine


1 2 3
Analyze, understand Applying To explain linguistic
and generate human computational theories, to use the
languages just like techniques to theories to build
humans do language domain systems that can be
of social use
Started off as a Borrows from
branch of Artificial Linguistics, Make computers
Intelligence Psycholinguistics, learn our language
Cognitive Science & sather than we learn
Statistics theirs
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University

History of NLP
1 2
In 1950, Alan Turing Some beneficial and
published an article titled successful Natural
"Machine and language systems were
Intelligence" which developed in the 1960s
advertised what is now were SHRDLU a natural
called the Turing test as a language system working
subfield of intelligence in restricted "blocks of
words" with restricted
vocabularies was written
between 1964 to 1966
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University

Components of NLP
Natural Language Understanding Natural Language Generation.
Mapping the given input in the Taking some formal representation
natural language into a useful of what you want to say and working
representation out a way to express it in a natural
(human) language (e.g., English)
Taking some spoken/typed sentence
and working out what it means Producing output in the natural
language from some internal
Producing output in the natural representation
language from some internal
representation NL Understanding is much harder
than NL Generation. But, still both
of them are hard
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University

Step of NLP
Morphological and Lexical Analysis

Syntactic Analysis
Semantic Analysis
Discourse Integration
Pragmatic Analysis
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University

Techniques and Method


* Machine learning

The learning procedures used during machine learning


Automatically focuses on the most common cases
Whereas when we write rules by hand it is often not correct at al
Concerned on human errors

* Statistical inference
Automatic learning procedures can make use of statistical inference algorithms
Used to produce models that are robust (means strength) to unfamiliar input e.g. containing
words or structures that have not been seen before
Making intelligent guesses

* Input database and Training data


Systems based on automatically learning the rules can b more accurate simply by supplying
more input data or source to it
However, systems based on hand-written rules can only more accurate by increasing the
complexity of the rules a much more difficult task
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University

NLP Vs Computer language


Ambiguity is the primary difference between natural and
computer languages
Formal programming languages are designed to be
unambiguous
They can be defined by a grammar that produces a unique
parse for each sentence in the language

Programming languages are also designed for efficient


(deterministic) parsing
They are deterministic context-free languages (DCLFs)
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University

Future of NLP
1 2 3
Human level or human It is equivalent to solving Make computers as
readable natural the central artificial they can solve problems
language processing is an intelligence problem and like humans and think
Al-complete problem making computers as like humans as well as
intelligent as people perform activities that
humans cant perform
and making it more
efficient than humans
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University

Conclusion
NLP's future is closely linked to the growth of Artificial
intelligence
As natural language understanding or readability
improves, computers or machines or devices will be able
to learn from the information online and apply what
they learned in the real world

Combined with natural language generation, computers


will become more and more capable of receiving and
giving useful and resourceful information or data
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University

Summary
The need for disambiguation makes language
understanding difficult
Levels of linguistic processing

Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics


Statistical learning methods can be used to:
Automatically learn grammar
Compute the most likely interpretation based on a
learned statistical model
Make intelligent guesses
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University

Thank
You
Presented by Archita Sahani

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