Northern Mindanao

Regional Development Plan

2023-2028
Table of Contents
Message from the Socioeconomic Planning Secretary

Message from the Chairperson of the Regional Development Council of Northern

Mindanao

Foreword

RDC-X Resolution Approving the Northern Mindanao Regional Development Plan

2023-2028

Part I: Introduction
Chapter 1. Overview of the Regional Economy, Development Context and Trends ....... 3
Chapter 2. Regional Spatial Framework ........................................................................... 15
Chapter 3. Overview of the Regional Development Plan 2023-2028 Strategy
Framework........................................................................................................ 55

Part II: Develop and Protect Capabilities of Individuals and Families

Chapter 4. Promote Human Capital and Social Development ....................................... 75
Subchapter 4.1. Boost Health ................................................................................... 77
Subchapter 4.2. Improve Education and Lifelong Learning ................................. 101
Subchapter 4.3. Establish Livable Communities ................................................... 123
Chapter 5. Increase Income Earning Ability ................................................................... 141
Chapter 6. Reduce Vulnerabilities and Protect Purchasing Power .............................. 161
Subchapter 6.1. Ensure Food Security and Proper Nutrition ............................... 163
Subchapter 6.2. Strengthen Social Protection ...................................................... 181

Part III: Transform Production Sectors to Generate More Quality Jobs and Competitive
Products
Chapter 7. Modernize Agriculture and Agri-business ................................................... 203
Chapter 8. Revitalize Industry ......................................................................................... 233
Chapter 9. Reinvigorate Services .................................................................................... 255
Chapter 10. Advance Research & Development, Technology, and Innovation ........... 275
Chapter 11. Promote Trade and Investments ............................................................... 297

Part IV: Enabling Environment

Chapter 12. Promote Financial Inclusion and Improve Public Financial
Management ................................................................................................ 315
Chapter 13. Expand and Upgrade Infrastructure ........................................................... 335
Chapter 14. Ensure Peace and Security and Enhance Administration of Justice ...... 403
Subchapter 14.1. Ensure Peace and Security ........................................................ 405
Subchapter 14.2 Enhance Administration of Justice ........................................... 425
 Chapter 15. Practice Good Governance and Improve Bureaucratic and Regulatory
Efficiency .................................................................................................... 439
Chapter 16. Accelerate Climate Action and Strengthen Disaster Resilience .............. 461

Part V: From Plan to Action

Chapter 17. Plan Implementation and Monitoring and Evaluation .............................. 493

List of Tables, Figures, and Maps

Annexes
List of Abbreviations
RDC-X Secretariat
List of Tables, Figures, and Maps
Map No. Title Page
Map No. Title Page
MESSAGE FROM THE
SOCIOECONOMIC PLANNING
SECRETARY
The formulation of the PDP 2023-2028 took
place in a socioeconomic landscape that
presented several setbacks, including the
scarring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, as
well as, the impacts of other global trends and
challenges such as geopolitical conflict,
increasing use of automation and accelerating
digitalization, and greater weather volatility and
uncertainty owing to climate change. These
challenges shaped the formulation of the Plan
we have today. Now, as we move forward from
our focus on post-pandemic recovery, the
challenges at hand are on enabling economic
transformation and inclusive development.

In the short term, these challenges include

addressing inflationary pressures and
protecting the vulnerable sections of society,
especially people experiencing poverty, from
The National Economic and Development economic shocks and natural hazards. For the
Authority or NEDA, in close coordination with medium term, the Plan contains strategies
other government agencies, sectoral experts, focused on addressing the binding constraints
development partners, and stakeholders, to economic growth and inclusion by
completed the Philippine Development Plan generating more higher-quality jobs.
(PDP) 2023-2028 in December 2022. The PDP The Plan is aligned with the AmBisyon Natin
serves as the country’s medium-term blueprint 2040 or our long-term vision for a matatag,
to reinvigorate job creation and accelerate maginhawa, at panatag na buhay for all
poverty reduction by steering the economy Filipinos.
back to its high-growth path.
In turn, the Regional Development Plans This approach enhances the connection
(RDPs) are expected to cascade and lay out the between regional and local planning, promotes
strategies for attaining our development greater local ownership of the RDPs, and
objectives at the local levels of governance, provides guidance to the LGUs in formulating
especially as we aim to transform the lives of their local development strategies and
our people and ensure that economic growth is programs.
inclusive. The RDPs, in line with our country’s
long-term vision and the goals of the I thank the Regional Development Council
PDP 2023-2028, shall address the challenges of Northern Mindanao for its commitment
specific to each region’s socioeconomic context. to formulating the Northern Mindanao
Regional Development Plan 2023-2028 and
President Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr. has directing various regional development
recognized the need to strengthen NEDA’s initiatives to achieve our desired socioeconomic
presence and role in local government units outcomes.
(LGUs). Proactive engagement requires
aligning national and local policies to ensure Finally, we call for the cooperation of our LGUs,
that government plans and programs regional agencies, private institutions, non-
appropriately reflect local development government organizations, and members of
priorities. With this in mind, the RDPs 2023- civil society to participate in this joint effort.
2028 are formulated with a comprehensive Together, let us work hard towards achieving a
perspective of critical LGU attributes that prosperous, inclusive, and resilient society
would inform regional sectoral strategies. in Northern Mindanao and throughout the
The RDPs highlight major local initiatives that country.
can significantly contribute to attaining
regional development objectives and targets.

ARSENIO M. BALISACAN
Secretary
National Economic and Development Authority
MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRPERSON
OF THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
COUNCIL OF NORTHERN MINDANAO
commitment from various sectors of the region
to implement and monitor the plan.

As in the past plan period, the RDC-X led the

conduct of a series of regional and local
planning consultations. The NMRDP
2023-2028 consultations kicked-off with a two-
part regional consultation involving the four
RDC-X sector committees, namely: Social
Development, Economic Development,
Infrastructure and Utilities Development, and
Macro and Development Administration.
Seven provincial and highly-urbanized city
consultations were also conducted to ensure
that local aspects of development are considered
President Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr., in his State
in the plan. Apart from these, small group and
of the Nation Address in July 2022, emphasized
inter-sectoral consultations and online public
the crucial role of the Regional Development
review of the plan were also undertaken.
Councils (RDCs) in promoting and steering
sustainable socioeconomic development in the Our plan reflects the strategic priorities of
regions. Northern Mindanao, in support of the
Philippine Development Plan 2023-2028 overall
True to this call, the RDC-X strongly espoused
objective of “economic transformation for a
and advocated for a highly consultative,
prosperous, inclusive and resilient society.” It is
participatory, and inclusive planning process in
also aligned with AmBisyon Natin 2040, and
the formulation of the Northern Mindanao
takes into account our commitment to the
Regional Development (NMRDP) Plan 2023-
Sustainable Development Goals, and emerging
2028. This is to ensure wider participation, as
trends and recent policies that will likely impact
well as, enlist full support, ownership, and
on the socioeconomic development of the commitment in implementing the strategies,
region. policies, programs, and projects embodied in
the plan.
We recognize that the effective implementation
of the RDP calls for a “whole-of-society” Towards this end, let us contribute in realizing
approach. As your RDC-X Chairperson, I our vision for Northern Mindanao to become
assure you that I will be in the forefront in an international gateway, leading agricultural
pushing for greater collaboration with all hub, and major industrial, tourism, and trade
stakeholders in its implementation and center in the Philippines with empowered
monitoring. citizens enjoying comfortable lives, and
sustainably harnessing the region’s agricultural
Hence, I enjoin everyone: the regional line and natural resources and cultural assets, while
agencies, local government units, private sector, living in a harmonious, inclusive, smart, safe,
civil society organizations, and other and resilient environment.
development partners to take part in
this mission of transforming the plan into Tara, uban ta ug ipadayon ang atong aksyon
reality. I call on everyone’s support and para sa AmBisyon!

HON. IMELDA QUIBRANZA-DIMAPORO

Chairperson, RDC-X
Governor, Province of Lanao del Norte
FOREWORD

In 2016, the country formulated the Philippine

and Regional Development Plans (P/RDPs)
2017-2022, which served as the first base camp
towards achieving AmBisyon Natin 2040.

The P/RDP 2017-2022 laid down the

foundation for inclusive growth, a high-trust
and resilient society, and a globally
competitive knowledge economy.

Over the period 2017-2019, Northern

Mindanao posted strong economic
performance and significantly reduced
poverty rates. In 2018, the region achieved its
poverty targets four years ahead of schedule.
This achievement was driven by the national
Seven years ago, the country adopted a government’s prudent macroeconomic
25-year vision coined as AmBisyon Natin policies and game-changing reforms that
2040. This long-term vision represents the resulted in better socioeconomic outcomes.
Filipino peoples’ collective aspirations for
However, in 2020, COVID-19 pandemic came
themselves and for the country. By 2040, the
and disrupted our growth momentum and
Philippines shall have been a “prosperous,
waylaid efforts to further reduce poverty.
predominantly middle-class society where no
one is poor; our peoples live long and healthy Fortunately, we saw signs of recovery as
lives, are smart and innovative, and live in a Northern Mindanao rebounded strongly in
high-trust society.” 2021, with the regional economy returning to
pre-pandemic level.
AmBisyon Natin 2040 serves as the anchor for
medium-term development planning across As we transition into the next base camp, the
four different political administrations, and Northern Mindanao RDP 2023-2028 is
guides engagements with our development formulated to sustain the economic recovery
partners. of the region, ensure resiliency of
communities, and push for new development governmental organizations, civil society
priorities, including the thrusts of the new organizations, academe, Region X
political administration. Congresspersons, and other stakeholders for
the unwavering support and valuable
The plan is consistent and aligned with the contributions, and to the NEDA Central
PDP 2023-2028, and anchored on the 8-point Office for the guidance in crafting the plan.
Socioeconomic Agenda of President
Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr.. The successful implementation of the plan
lies on everyone’s sustained and
The RDP, as the region’s development strengthened cooperation, collaboration, and
blueprint, covers 21 chapters and sub- complementation of efforts toward inclusive
chapters, which outline the region’s priority and sustainable economic growth, and just
strategies, policies, programs, and projects and lasting peace for Northern Mindanao.
over the next six years.
Let us continue to work together in attaining
On behalf of the RDC-X Secretariat, I would our vision for the region, for ourselves,
like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to the for our children, and for the next generations
officers and members of the RDC-X and its towards a matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na
Committees, regional line agencies, local buhay!
government units, private sector, non-

DIR. MYLAH FAYE AURORA B. CARIÑO, CESO III

Vice-Chairperson, RDC-X
Regional Director, NEDA-X
 Republic of the Philippines
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL-X
Northern Mindanao

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL-X

Resolution No. 83 (s. 2022)

APPROVING THE NORTHERN MINDANAO

REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2023-2028

WHEREAS, on 25 July 2022, during his first State of the Nation Address (SONA), President
Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr. directed the National Economic and Development Authority
(NEDA) to officially commence activities leading to the formulation of the PDP
2023-2028 and submit the Plan before end of 2022;

WHEREAS, the Plan shall be jointly formulated by the Executive and Legislative branches of the
government with the participation of other sectors, including the business sector, civil
society organizations, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), especially those
representing the marginalized sectors of society;

WHEREAS, to jumpstart the planning process, the NEDA issued the Philippine/Regional
Development Plan (P/RDP) 2023-2028 Planning Guidelines on 16 September 2022,
anchored on the President’s policy pronouncements in the SONA and his Administration’s
8-point Socioeconomic Agenda;

WHEREAS, the RDC-X, as the highest policy-making body in the region, passed Resolution No.
03 in March and Resolution No. 61 in September (s. 2022), providing the guidelines,
including the timelines on the formulation of the Northern Mindanao RDP 2023-2028;

WHEREAS, the plan formulation process highlights the engagement of all sectors at various
levels to ensure wider participation, as well as, enlist full support, ownership, and
commitment to implement and monitor the plan;

WHEREAS, on 17 and 24 October 2022, the RDC-X, through the NEDA-X as its Secretariat,
spearheaded the conduct of the Expanded Sector Committees/Planning Committee (PC)
– Technical Working Group (TWG) Consultation Workshops to generate inputs for the
formulation of the RDP 2023-2028;

WHEREAS, small group consultations were likewise conducted to further discuss sector-specific
issues and concerns, and provide inputs and comments to the plan;
WHEREAS, the RDC-X conducted a series of RDP 2023-2028 local consultations in Region X
provinces and highly-urbanized cities (HUCs) to generate additional inputs from the local
government units (LGUs) and other local stakeholders to capture local aspects of
development in the plan, as follows:

DATE (2022) PROVINCE/HUC

08 November Iligan City
10 November Bukidnon
11 November Camiguin
22 November Misamis Occidental
23 November Lanao del Norte
24 November Cagayan de Oro City
24 November Misamis Oriental

WHEREAS, the four RDC-X Sector Committees validated and endorsed to the RDC-X the draft
sectoral/thematic chapters of the RDP 2023-2028 during their Fourth Quarter 2022
Meetings:

RDC-X SECTOR COMMITTEES DATE (2022)

Economic Development Committee 29 November
Macro and Development Administration
Committee
Infrastructure and Utilities Development 01 December
Committee
Social Development Committee

WHEREAS, on 07 December 2022, the RDC-X Secretariat conducted an Inter-Sectoral

Consultation with select regional line agencies to further review cross-cutting concerns of
the RDP 2023-2028, and ensure complementation, coherence, and consistency of
strategies between and among sectors and chapters of the plan;

WHEREAS, the draft RDP 2023-2028 is subjected to online public review on

14 - 23 December 2022;

WHEREAS, the RDP 2023-2028 is anchored on the 8-Point Socioeconomic Agenda of the
Marcos Administration, which seeks to reinvigorate job creation and accelerate poverty
reduction, while addressing the issues exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic;

WHEREAS, it is also aligned with the PDP strategies in bringing back the Philippines on its high
growth path and starting the country’s economic transformation for a prosperous,
inclusive, and resilient society as espoused in the plan’s strategy framework;

WHEREAS, the successor RDP, as an accompanying document of the PDP 2023-2028, is the
second base camp towards the achievement of AmBisyon Natin 2040, which articulates
 the Filipino people’s collective vision of a matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na buhay
para sa lahat;

WHEREAS, it also articulates the region’s sustained commitment towards the attainment of the
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its localization;

WHEREAS, to ensure consistency with the PDP, the region’s strategy framework adopted the
national strategy framework with a regional context and considered Northern Mindanao’s
development vision and spatial strategies;

WHEREAS, the region’s vision of development accords well with the country’s long-term vision
and development goals: “By 2040, Northern Mindanao will become an international
gateway, leading agricultural hub, and major industrial, tourism, and trade center in the
Philippines with empowered citizens enjoying comfortable lives, and sustainably
harnessing the region’s agricultural and natural resources and cultural assets, while
living in a harmonious, inclusive, smart, safe, and resilient environment;.”

WHEREAS, the regional development vision, which is anchored on the region’s Climate and
Disaster Risk-Sensitive Regional Physical Framework Plan 2013-2040 (2015 Update)
was presented, updated, and adopted in various consultations, and Sector Committee
meetings;

WHEREAS, the plan contains five major parts and a total of 21 chapters/sub-chapters, as follows:

Part I. Introduction. Contains three preliminary chapters of the plan presenting the overview
of the regional economy, development context and trends (Chapter 1); the Regional Spatial
Development Framework (Chapter 2); and Overview of the Regional Development Plan 2023-
2028 Strategy Framework, which also includes the headline indicators and targets that will be
pursued by the region through the plan period (Chapter 3).

Part II. Develop and Protect Capabilities of Individuals and Families. Composed of six
chapters/sub-chapters containing the assessment, challenges, core indicators and targets,
strategy framework, legislative and research agenda, and list of major and catalytic programs
and projects of the following:

 Promote Human Capital and Social Development (Chapter 4)

- Boost Health (Chapter 4.1)
- Improve Education and Lifelong Learning (Chapter 4.2)
- Establish Livable Communities (Chapter 4.3);
 Increase Income Earning Ability (Chapter 5); and
 Reduce Vulnerabilities and Protect Purchasing Power (Chapter 6)
- Ensure Food Security and Proper Nutrition (Chapter 6.1)
- Strengthen Social Protection (Chapter 6.2).
 Part III. Transform Production Sectors to Generate More Quality Jobs and
Competitive Products. Composed of five chapters containing the assessment,
challenges, core indicators and targets, strategy framework, legislative and research
agenda, and list of major and catalytic programs and projects of the following:

 Modernize Agriculture and Agri-Business (Chapter 7);

 Revitalize Industry (Chapter 8);
 Reinvigorate Services (Chapter 9);
 Advance Research and Development, Technology, and Innovation (Chapter 10); and
 Promote Trade and Investments (Chapter 11).

Part IV. Enabling Environment. Composed of six chapters/sub-chapters containing the

assessment, challenges, core indicators and targets, strategy framework, legislative and
research agenda, and list of major and catalytic programs and projects of the following bedrock
strategies:

 Promote Financial Inclusion and Improve Public Financial Management (Chapter 12);
 Expand and Upgrade Infrastructure (Chapter 13);
 Ensure Peace, Security, and Public Safety, and Enhance Administration of Justice (Chapter
14);
 Ensure Peace, Security, and Public Safety (Chapter 14.1)
 Enhance Administration of Justice (Chapter 14.2);
 Practice Good Governance and Improve Bureaucratic Efficiency (Chapter 15); and
 Accelerate Climate Action and Strengthen Disaster Resilience (Chapter 16).

Part V. From Plan to Action. Contains one chapter, which lays the plan implementation and
monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, including advocacy and communication (Chapter 17).

WHEREAS, the RDP 2023-2028 will be finalized and published by end of February 2023;

WHEREAS, the RDP 2023-2028 is an active document and will be updated as necessary;

WHEREAS, the four RDC-X Sector Committees, during their Fourth Quarter 2022 meetings on
29 November and 01 December 2022, request the RDC-X Full Council to approve the
draft RDP 2023-2028, subject to further validation and additional inputs, as necessary.

THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, AS IT IS HEREBY RESOLVED, on a motion by

Governor Peter M. Unabia of the Province of Misamis Oriental and RDC-X Infrastructure and
Utilities Development Committee Chairperson and seconded by Regional Director Ramel F.
Jamen of the Department of Social Welfare and Development Regional Office X, to approve the
Northern Mindanao Regional Development Plan (RDP) 2023-2028;
RESOLVED FINALLY, that copies of this resolution and the RDP 2023-2028 be furnished to
the NEDA Central and Regional Offices, officers and members of the RDC-X and its Sector and
Special Committees, Congressional Representatives of Region X and other RDCs in the country,
and other stakeholders for their support and appropriate action.

Approved, 13 December 2022

132nd RDC-X Full Council Meeting
Multi-Purpose Building, Provincial Capitol
Tubod, Lanao del Norte

Certified Correct:

LEONILA G. CAJARTE
Secretary, RDC-X
Assistant Regional Director, NEDA-X

Approved:

MYLAH FAYE AURORA B. CARIÑO, CESO III

Vice-Chairperson, RDC-X
Regional Director, NEDA-X

Approved:

IMELDA QUIBRANZA-DIMAPORO
Chairperson, RDC-X
Governor, Province of Lanao del Norte
(Presiding Officer)
Overview of the Regional
Economy, Development
Context, and Trends
Each Filipino aspires for a life that is strongly rooted (matatag), comfortable (maginhawa), and secure
(panatag). This is AmBisyon Natin 2040.

Six years ago, the country and its regions embarked on a mission to achieve this vision by formulating
the Philippine Development Plan (PDP) and Regional Development Plans (RDPs) 2017-2022. The plans
articulated the requirements in laying down the foundation for inclusive growth, a high-trust and
resilient society, and a globally competitive knowledge economy.

Since 2016, the government instituted game-changing reforms that resulted in substantial reduction in
poverty, robust economic growth, and better socioeconomic outcomes across regions, including
Northern Mindanao (Region X).

However, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted the momentum as it reshaped and
altered the socioeconomic landscape in the region and the country as a whole.

In 2021, Region X regained its momentum as the economy expanded by 6.3 percent in terms of its Gross
Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). Notably, the regional economy returned to its pre-pandemic level
and slightly surpassed the 2019 output - a feat shared by only three other regions in the country.

As Northern Mindanao advances towards the next AmBisyon Natin 2040 base camp and begins
socioeconomic transformation for a prosperous, inclusive, and resilient society, the region will build on
previous policy reforms, reduce vulnerability, address the scarring effects of COVID-19, and nimbly
maneuver through new and emerging risks, uncertainties, and development trends.

Regional Context
Northern Mindanao’s population breached five million in 2020. The region’s population
reached 5,022,768 in 2020,1 representing 19.13 percent and 4.61 percent of the total population in
Mindanao and the country, respectively.

The region’s population average annual growth rate (AAGR) decreased over time from
2.06 percent in 2000-2010 to 1.68 percent in 2010-2015, and 1.46 percent in 2015-2020.
In 2010-2020, the AAGR of 1.57 percent is lower than the national average of 1.67 percent.
The region’s average household size decreased to 4.2 persons in 2020 from 4.5 in 2015 and
4.7 in 2010. Meanwhile, population density increased by 16.9 percent to 246 persons per square
kilometer over the past decade (2010-2020).

The region’s dependency ratio declines as working-age population continues to grow.

Between 2000 and 2020, the region’s dependency ratio decreased from 72.9 to 61.2 per 100 persons
as working age population aged 15-64 years old becomes relatively larger than young dependent
ages (0-14 years old) and the older population (65 years old and over) (Figure 1.1). This suggests a
bigger pool of labor resource for economic activities and lower financial pressure for social security
and public health needs. Thus, the region must maximize dividend from this demographic-
economic window of opportunity by improving health, education, and productivity outcomes.

Source: 2000 and 2020 Census of Population and Housing, Philippines Statistics Authority

Economic recovery is underway. The high growth episode enjoyed by the region in the past
two decades was disrupted by COVID-19 in 2020. While the pandemic has diminished a number
of gains, it allowed the economy to adjust and recalibrate as socioeconomic reforms were set in
motion.

The regional economy accelerated by 6.3 percent in 2021—a reversal from the contraction of 5.3
percent in 2020 (Figure 1.2). This translates to an economic gain of PHP51.5 billion, compensating
for the estimated loss of PHP46 billion in 2020. This robust growth exceeded the recalibrated 2021
plan target of 5.1 to 6.1 percent.

The GRDP in 2021 was valued at PHP872.9 billion at constant 2018 prices, higher than the 2019
GRDP or pre-pandemic level of PHP867.4 billion.
All sectors of the economy registered positive growths in 2021, signaling a strong recovery from
the economic fallout in 2020. The agriculture and industry sectors expanded by 3.8 and 8.7 percent,
respectively, higher than 2019 and 2020 growth rates and better than the 2021 targets.

In the medium-term, the region is expected to recover further and return to its high-growth path
despite heightened global uncertainties and elevated consumer prices.

Source: https://openstat.psa.gov.ph/Database/Gross-Regional-Domestic-Product, Philippine Statistics Authority

Poverty slightly worsened. The pandemic pulled close to 200,000 Filipinos in the region back to
poverty in 2021. The region’s full-year 2021 poverty incidence among population increased to 26.1
percent from 23.1 percent in 2018. Other poverty and subsistence rates also worsened over the
same period.

Poverty was most pronounced in Lanao del Norte as it recorded the highest poverty and
subsistence incidence among population and families in 2021. Meanwhile, poverty rates among
families and individuals reduced in Camiguin and Misamis Occidental (Table 1.1).

Thus, the region will reinvigorate job creation under a high-growth trajectory, and address
inequality by ensuring that the poor and marginalized sectors are able to seize the opportunities
made available by economic growth.
 POVERTY INCIDENCE AMONG FAMILIES (%) POVERTY INCIDENCE AMONG POPULATION (%)
Percentage Percentage
AREA Points Points
2015* 2018** 2021 2015* 2018** 2021
Difference Difference
(2021-2018) (2021-2018)
Philippines 18.0 12.1 13.2 1.1 23.5 16.7 18.1 1.4
Region X 32.3 17.3 19.2 1.83 38.7 23.1 26.1 3.0
Bukidnon 47.6 22.3 22.8 0.5 54.0 27.6 29.2 1.7
Camiguin 33.9 17.9 14.7 -3.2 36.1 24.3 20.6 -3.7
Lanao del Norte 38.1 23.0 33.0 10.0 45.7 30.8 42.9 12.1
Misamis
36.8 19.5 18.3 -1.2 45.1 26.8 24.7 -2.1
Occidental
Misamis Oriental 16.5 16.0 18.2 2.2 21.4 21.1 25.1 4.0
Cagayan de Oro
- 6.1 6.8 0.7 - 9.1 10.5 1.5
City
Iligan City - 11.9 11.8 -0.1 - 15.7 16.3 0.6
*Updated 2015 Poverty Statistics released on 4 June 2020
**Updated 2018 Poverty Statistics based on the 2021 Full Year Official Poverty Statistics released on 15 August 2022
Note: Data disaggregation by highly-urbanized city started in 2018
Source of basic data: 2021 Full Year Poverty Statistics, Philippine Statistics Authority

Inflation remains elevated. Aside from income losses brought about by the pandemic, the
worsening poverty situation was also driven by high prices of food and transportation due to
disruptions in supply chains. The region’s average inflation rate increased from 2.2 percent in 2020
to 4.0 percent in 2021 (Figure 1.3). Inflation rates continued to increase in 2022 due to the Ukraine-
Russia conflict, which has been affecting the commodity market, particularly fuel and staple food.
Food protectionism is also on the rise as some countries restrict exports of major products, hence
boosting upward price pressures.
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

Most employment indicators are returning to pre-pandemic levels primarily due to the safe
reopening of the economy. The labor market in Region X improved in 2021 as most employment
indicators returned to pre-pandemic levels (Table 1.2). The safe reopening of the economy and
easing of COVID-19 restrictions in 2021 further improved labor market conditions, thereby
allowing more people to work and earn.

Across provinces and highly-urbanized cities, the province of Lanao del Norte recorded the highest
employment rate at 97.6 percent. Iligan City registered the lowest underemployment rate at 5.0
percent, followed by Lanao del Norte at 6.9 percent. Bukidnon posted the highest
underemployment rate at 23.2 percent, characterized by low-quality jobs, especially in agriculture.

INDICATOR 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Household Population 15 Years and Over (‘000) 3,254 3,314 3,300 3,372 3,450
Labor Force ('000) 2,076 2,196 2,266 2,237 2,300
Labor Force Participation Rate (%) 63.8 66.3 68.7 66.3 66.7
Employed Persons ('000) 1,966 2,107 2,166 2,094 2,176
Employment Rate (%) 94.7 95.9 95.6 93.6 94.6
Underemployed Persons ('000) 365 438 472 495 397
Underemployment Rate (%) 18.6 20.8 21.8 23.6 18.3
Unemployed Persons ('000) 110 89 100 143 124
Unemployment Rate (%) 5.3 4.1 4.4 6.4 5.4
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
Plan Targets: Hits and Misses
In 2017, core indicators with corresponding headline targets were identified, representing the
desired outcomes for the term 2017-2022. In summary, there were both hits and misses in meeting
the plan targets (Table 1.3).

ACTUAL 2021 End-of-

Plan
BASELINE
INDICATOR (EOP)
VALUE (YEAR) 2017 2018 2019 2020 TARGET ACTUAL
TARGET
(2022)
GRDP (growth rates) 6.6
6.0 7.1 5.6 -5.2 5.1 – 6.1 6.3 7.1 – 8.1
(At constant 2018 prices) (2010-2015)r
Gross Value Added (GVA)
3.2
growth in Agriculture 5.2 2.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 – 2.5 3.8 2.5 – 3.5
(2010-2015)r
improved (%)
GVA growth in Industry 9.0
7.3 10.5 3.7 -2.5 7.5 – 8.5 8.7 8.5 – 9.5
improved (%) (2010-2015)r
GVA growth in Services 7.4
5.7 7.5 8.1 -9.0 8.5 – 9.0 6.2 8.5 – 9.0
improved (%) (2010-2015)r
Poverty incidence among 32.3
- 17.3 - - 17 – 19 19.2 -
families reduced (%)* (2015)
Poverty incidence among 38.7
- 23.1 - - 23 – 25 26.1 -
population reduced (%)* (2015)
Subsistence incidence among 14.9
- 3.9 - - 4.0 – 6.0 6.2 -
families reduced (%)* (2015)
Subsistence incidence among 19.5
- 5.9 - - 6.0 – 8.0 9.3 -
population reduced (%)* (2015)
Underemployment reduced 24.9
18.5 20.8 21.8 23.6 22 – 24 18.3 19 – 21
(%) (2015)
Note: blue font – achieved targets; red font – missed targets
r
Revised and updated with 2018 as base year;
*Poverty Statistics is released every three years. No data for 2017, 2019, and 2020.

New and Emerging Risks, Uncertainties, and

Development Trends
Northern Mindanao’s development imperatives were reconfigured as the COVID-19 pandemic
changed its socioeconomic landscape in the past two years. Geopolitical tensions and global supply
chain disruptions have recently exerted unprecedented adverse impacts on global and regional
developments over the next few years. Hence, the region will nimbly navigate through the
following health, environmental, economic, social, political, and technological trends in pursuing
development.

Health and Social Trends

Continued impact of COVID-19 pandemic

The pandemic has evolved from a health emergency to a multi-dimensional crisis, revealing an
interconnected set of problems.2 It has disproportionately affected the poorest and most
vulnerable, resulting in learning losses and long-standing consequences in health and livelihoods.

The pandemic also brought to the fore several issues, including the need to provide equal access to
healthcare and address mental health problems associated with lockdowns and post-lockdown
teen pregnancy. It also highlighted the lack of preparation for other infectious diseases and lapses
in disease control and prevention, as well as the need for innovations in finance and education.

More recently, several socioeconomic activities have either returned to or nearly reached pre-
pandemic levels. For instance, the government issued Executive Order (EO) 07, series of 2022,
allowing voluntary use of masks in most settings—a move considered as a positive step towards
normalization and full reopening of the economy.

However, threats remain as new COVID strains emerge amid waning vaccine efficacy and low
public uptake of booster shots.

Increasing demand for health care workers

The pandemic also revealed the need to have more and better equipped health care workers
(HCWs) and protect them against health and socioeconomic risks. With the growing demand for
health care in advanced economies with ageing population, offers with better work conditions and
higher pay are expected, thus making it more attractive for HCWs to work abroad. This may
further impact access to and quality of health care in the country.3

Economic Trends
Global economic headwinds

The global economy struggles to recover amid gloomy outlook. After contracting by 3.1 percent in
2020 due to the pandemic, the global economy expanded by 6.1 percent in 2021 as economies
reopened and vaccination hit full throttle. However, major economies now struggle for sustainable
recovery amid rough international economic environment characterized by debt accumulation
that financed COVID-19 responses, among others.

The strengthening of the US dollar resulting from policy tightening and “flight to safety” stance of
investors, caused upward price pressures in the domestic market. Hence, the Bangko Sentral ng
Pilipinas raised benchmark interest rates in 2022 to cool inflation. The situation is exacerbated by
geo-political tensions that caused disruption in supply chain and food protectionism policies of
major exporting economies, among others. These trends will likewise weigh on Northern
Mindanao’s economy.

Domestic economy sails forward amid global slowdown

Despite global slowdown, the Philippines is expected to hit its Gross Domestic Product growth
target of 6.5 to 7.5 percent in 20224 as the economy continues to reopen. In the first three quarters
of the year, the country logged a decent 7.7 percent growth—with a similar growth trajectory
expected in Northern Mindanao. This momentum is anticipated to taper off in 2023 due to
elevated inflation and interest rates. However, investments in the country and Region X are still
expected to increase in the medium-term, partly driven by the results of key economic reforms
instituted in the past six years and the Build Better More program.

Political Trends
Ongoing international tensions

The Ukraine-Russia conflict resulted in supply chain disruptions affecting global and local
economies. Similarly, tensions in the Korean peninsula, conflict between China and Taiwan, and
territorial disputes in the South China Sea also pose economic and human security threats. Amid
the global debt crisis and protectionist policies, fallout of fragile economies such as Sri Lanka may
result in a domino effect.

Domestic political trends and uncertainties

Domestically, uncertainties may stem from the executive and legislative agenda of new local chief
executives, particularly on how they will use additional resources to implement the Full Devolution
Policy under EO 138 (s. 2021); proposed constitutional reforms; spread of disinformation through
social media; delayed enactment of policy reforms such as the national land use bill and updating
of the LGU income classification; and the metropolitanization of Cagayan de Oro City and its
environs by 2025.

Environmental Trends
The Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and
Astronomical Services Administration projects that the Philippines will experience warming at an
average rate of 0.1°C per decade. This will result in more frequent extreme rainfall and tropical
cyclone events, and rising sea levels that render infrastructure and agricultural and coastal
communities particularly vulnerable.5

Typhoon Odette, which hit several regions in the country, including some areas in Northern
Mindanao in December 2021, revealed the difficulty of national and local governments in
implementing recovery efforts as public finances have been depleted due to pandemic response.
Said disaster likewise accentuated the need to adopt an all-hazard approach in disaster risk
reduction and management.

Technology and Regulations

Addressing the challenges of the pandemic accelerated the progress in automation and artificial
intelligence, and amplified the need for fast and reliable internet to support e-learning, digital
government and finance, and e-commerce. Rapid change and adoption of technology also caused
shifts in skills requirements and the labor market (e.g., online jobs and the gig economy).

These trends bared the need to address cybersecurity threats, data privacy concerns, and the
growing digital divide. Moreover, there is a need to expedite the national ID issuance, streamline
government processes through digitalization, and support the passage of the National Government
Rightsizing Program.
1
PSA. 2020. Census of Population and Housing.
2
NEDA. December 2022. Philippine Development Plan 2023-2028. https://pdp.neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/PDP-2023-2028.pdf
3
NEDA. December 2022. Philippine Development Plan 2023-2028. https://pdp.neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/PDP-2023-2028.pdf
4
NEDA. December 2022. Joint Statement of the Development Budget Coordination Committee on the Review of the Medium-Term Macroeconomic
Assumptions and Fiscal Program for FY 2023 to 2028. https://neda.gov.ph/joint-statement-of-the-dbcc-on-the-review-of-the-medium-term-
macroeconomic-assumptions-and-fiscal-program-for-fy-2023-to-
2028/#:~:text=Given%20the%20revised%20revenue%20and,percent%20of%20GDP%20in%202028
5
NEDA. 2021. Socioeconomic Report.
Regional Spatial Development
Framework
The Northern Mindanao Regional Development Plan (NMRDP) 2023-2028 takes off from the current
administration's 8-Point Socioeconomic Agenda and commits to contribute to the attainment of
economic transformation for a prosperous, inclusive, and resilient society towards AmBisyon Natin
2040.

In pursuit of this medium-term goal and long-term vision, the region recognizes the importance of
spatial dimension in development planning through the implementation of Strategic Development
Areas (SDAs). The SDAs, as the region’s spatial strategy, consider the competitive and comparative
advantages, commonality of resources, potentials, and concerns to effect more focused interventions.
Thus, the SDAs serve as areas of efficiency, innovation, and creativity.

This chapter aims to guide the physical development of the region, including the location of programs
and projects identified in the various chapters. It will also serve as a framework for the formulation and
updating of the Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plans (PDPFPs), Comprehensive Land
Use Plans (CLUPs), and other development plans to promote alignment, consistency, and
complementation of national, regional, and local priorities, programs, and projects.

Physical Characteristics
Region X has a total land area of 2,018,617 hectares, representing seven percent of the total land
area of the country.

It is composed of five provinces, two highly urbanized cities (HUCs), seven component cities,
84 municipalities, and 2,022 barangays. These are the provinces of Bukidnon, Camiguin, Lanao
del Norte, Misamis Occidental, and Misamis Oriental; the HUCs of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan,
and the component cities of El Salvador, Gingoog, Malaybalay, Oroquieta, Ozamiz, Tangub, and
Valencia (Map 2.1).

The region is divided into 14 congressional districts: four in Bukidnon; two each in Lanao del
Norte, Misamis Oriental, Misamis Occidental, and Cagayan de Oro City; and one each in
Camiguin and Iligan City.
Population. Based on the 2020 Census of Population and Housing conducted by the Philippine
Statistics Authority (PSA), the region’s population was 5,022,768 (Map 2.2). This represents
19.13 percent and 4.61 percent of Mindanao’s and the country’s total population, respectively.
Bukidnon had the largest population with 1.54 million among provinces and HUCs, followed
by Misamis Oriental (956,900), and Cagayan de Oro City (728,402) (See Annex A).

Region X’s geographic characteristics, population, and economic landscape have significantly
changed over the past decade. The updated hierarchy of urban centers in terms of population
level will serve as guide in updating the sectoral plans and spatial development frameworks of
the Regional Physical Framework Plan (RPFP), PDPFPs, and CLUPs of cities and municipalities
(See Annex B).

The region’s population is expected to reach 5.68 million in 2028. By then, Bukidnon will remain
to have the largest population with 1.79 million, followed by Misamis Oriental (1.09 million),
and Cagayan de Oro City (828,274) (See Annex C).

Metro Cagayan de Oro. By 2025, Metro Cagayan de Oro will become the country’s fourth
metropolitan center. At its core is Cagayan de Oro City, whose economy is valued at PHP220
billion in 2020 (at constant 2018 prices). The Masterplan for the Sustainable Urban Infrastructure
Development in Metropolitan Cagayan de Oro (SUID Metro CDO)6 identified the following 13
local government units (LGUs) as part of Metro Cagayan de Oro: the cities of Cagayan de Oro and
El Salvador; and the municipalities of Alubijid, Claveria, Gitagum, Initao, Jasaan, Laguindingan,
Libertad, Opol, Tagoloan, and Villanueva in Misamis Oriental, and Manolo Fortich in Bukidnon.
The municipalities of Balingasag in Misamis Oriental and Baungon, Libona, Malitbog, Sumilao,
and Talakag in Bukidnon are considered candidate LGUs that will later join the metropolitan area
because of their proximity and increasingly inter-linked resources (Map 2.3).
Land Classification. Of the region’s total land area of 2,018,617 hectares, 46.3 percent are classified
as alienable and disposable (A&D), while the remaining are forestlands (Map 2.4). Bukidnon
accounts for the largest share of both A&D lands and forestlands at 40.7 percent and 61.8 percent,
respectively. Misamis Oriental accounts for 25 percent of the total A&D lands in the region (See
Annex D).

Land Cover. A substantial portion of the land cover in the forestlands and A&D lands in the region
is categorized as crop lands (49.17 percent), open and closed canopy forests (20.08 percent), brush
lands (14.85 percent), and grasslands (8.72 percent) (Map 2.5). Misamis Occidental and Lanao del
Norte have the most mangrove forests in the region at 46.26 percent and 44.91 percent of the total,
respectively.

Built-up/Settlements. Built-up and settlements are concentrated along the coastal areas in the
region. Cagayan de Oro City and Misamis Oriental have the densest built-up areas. In the
landlocked Bukidnon, most built-up/settlement areas are found along the Sayre Highway where
the province’s agricultural products are transported towards industries and markets in Cagayan de
Oro City and the Davao Region (Map 2.6).
Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zones (SAFDZ). The region’s production
areas, based on the SAFDZ, are shown in Map 2.7. Bukidnon has the largest crop, livestock and
agro-forestry zones, and forest/watershed areas. Misamis Oriental has the largest areas for quarry,
mine, and pit and landfill. Lanao del Norte has the largest fishery zone (See Annex E).

Network of Protected Areas for Agriculture and Agro-Industrial Development (NPAAAD).

The remaining production areas are considered part of the NPAAAD (Map 2.8), which are
production areas or prime agricultural lands that are suitable for agriculture and fishery
development because of soil, topography, and agro-climate conditions.

Much like the SAFDZs, Bukidnon has the bulk of prime agricultural lands (See Annex F). The
province also has majority of critical agricultural lands in the region whose conversion to other
uses poses serious environmental degradation. On the other hand, Lanao del Norte has half of the
region’s prime fishery areas.

Economic zones. There are 11 economic zones in Northern Mindanao. Seven are located in
Misamis Oriental/Cagayan de Oro area, two of which are information technology hubs. Bukidnon
has two agro-industrial economic zones, while Lanao del Norte and Iligan City host one agro-
industrial economic zone each. These economic zones are considered locational assets that are key
investment areas for sustainable production (Map 2.9).

Tourism. The Department of Tourism Regional Office X launched the Colors of Mindanao
program in 2022, which proposes tourism circuits and packages that cater to domestic and foreign
tourists (See Annexes G-N). These include agricultural and nature tourism, eco-cultural and
historical tourism, faith and heritage, sun and beach, and dive tourism, among others. The region
is pilot testing, validating, and preparing for the full adoption of the program by 2025.
Hazards. Northern Mindanao is susceptible to hydro-meteorologic and geologic hazards, such as
flooding, tsunami, landslides, lahar, earthquake, and volcanic landslides. The most common
hazards are flooding and landslides, which affect the entire region (Map 2.10). For details, please
see Annex for flood and landslide susceptibility maps (See Annex O and P).

Transportation Network. Map 2.11 shows the multi-modal transportation network in the region.
As of 14 October 2022, Region X has the longest network of national roads among the regions in
Mindanao with a total road length of 1,977.54 kilometers. There are 435 existing bridges, which
are all classified as permanent bridges made of concrete or steel. Through the Mindanao Logistics
Infrastructure Network, the Department of Public Works and Highways has completed several
road projects to improve connectivity to regions XI (Davao Region), XII (SOCCSKSARGEN), and
XIII (Caraga) (See Chapter 13).

The region has three major base ports under the Philippine Ports Authority-Port Management
Offices in Cagayan de Oro, Ozamiz, and Iligan. Said base ports connect the region to Metro
Manila and to major cities such as Dumaguete, Cebu, and Iloilo. The region is also accessible
through the Roll-on/Roll-off Terminal System via the Western, Eastern, and Central Nautical
Highway Systems. Regular ferry services connect Balingoan, Misamis Oriental to Camiguin
Island, which then connects to Jagna, Bohol.

Presently, three airports in the region have commercial operations. The Laguindingan Airport in
Misamis Oriental serves as the main gateway to Northern Mindanao. The principal airports in
Ozamiz City and the province of Camiguin also serve as entry points to the region from Luzon
and Visayas. Bukidnon Airport, a fourth airport will be completed and operational by December
2025. It is expected to serve as a regional domestic airport with international standards.
Assessment and Challenges
Northern Mindanao has several competitive advantages. Its strategic location gives the region
its biggest competitive advantage as it is physically linked to all regions in Mindanao through a
network of roads. Moreover, its deep harbor makes it an ideal starting point for maritime trade
with Visayas and Luzon, as well as, with international markets such as the Brunei Darussalam–
Indonesia–Malaysia–Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area (BIMP-EAGA).

Northern Mindanao has a huge potential of becoming the country’s leading agricultural hub given
its extensive agricultural fields and soils that are highly suited for growing crops. In 2021, the
region ranks second in the country in Gross Value Added in the agriculture, forestry, and fishing
sector (See Chapter 3). In the same year, the region leads in the production of major agricultural
products in the country such as pineapples, hogs, and cattle; second in bananas, corn, sugarcane,
tomatoes, papaya, and coconuts (with husk); and third in chicken.

Northern Mindanao also has the biggest industrial output among all regions in Mindanao. It hosts
one of the largest industrial estates in the country, the Philippine Veterans Investment
Development Cooperation (PHIVIDEC) Industrial Estate-Misamis Oriental and several
locational assets—an indicator of the region’s potential for large scale industrial development (See
Chapter 8).

Population and economic growth continue to push the demand for land, services, and
infrastructure, especially in urban areas. While the region’s population growth rate decreased
between 2010 and 2020 (1.68 percent from 2010 to 2015 and 1.46 percent from 2015 to 2020), its
population density increased by 17.9 percent to reach 246 persons per square kilometer in 2020.
Likewise, demand for land for urban services and infrastructure such as housing, industrial
development, and transportation networks is increasing in step with population growth. This is
further aggravated by the concentration of population in urban and emerging centers.7

Increasing population contributes to the proliferation of settlements in hazard-prone areas.

The increasing population has led to the utilization of hazard-prone and other environmentally
critical areas inside and in the periphery of urban centers as alternative sites for residential and
economic activities. Such developments and other pull factors resulted in land use conflicts. Due
to proximity and accessibility to existing urban and growth areas, a number of productive
agricultural lands have been utilized for non-agricultural uses (Map 2.12).
Inconsistencies of land-related laws and policies resulted in conflicting tenurial claims or uses.
Based on data from the One Map,8 a total of 179,138 hectares of land in the region have conflicting
or multiple tenurial instruments (Table 2.4). This resulted from overlapping jurisdictions among
the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), Department of Agrarian Reform
(DAR), and the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP), and lands designated as
military reservations.

PROVINCE AREA (HA.)

Region X 179,138.23
Bukidnon 109,850.08
Camiguin 331.97
Lanao del Norte 12,910.65
Misamis Occidental 5,060.47
Misamis Oriental 50,256.35
Data for validation 728.70
Source: One Map database, Department of Environment and Natural Resources Region X

Indiscriminate conversion9 of agricultural lands to non-agricultural uses threatens food

security. The competing uses of land resulted in reduction of areas devoted to agriculture, such as
irrigable lands. This persists despite safeguards against land conversion, including the Agricultural
and Fisheries Modernization Act, Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program, and Local
Government Code of 1991. If existing laws are not strictly implemented, premature and illegal
conversion will continue, thus compromising food security and agrarian reform objectives.

Changes in land cover and land use are major drivers of climate change, particularly the
conversion of carbon sinks like forests, mangroves, and wetlands. Continued encroachment in
high-risk areas and diminishing natural protection will render the region more vulnerable to
climate change impacts, and water and food insecurity.

Overlaying built-up/settlement areas with the NPAAAD reveals encroachment in production and
ecologically fragile areas (Map 2.12). At the same time, protected areas under the National
Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992 (Republic Act 7586) have been encroached
and deforested for economic activities such as agriculture (Map 2.13) and settlements (Map 2.14).
Meanwhile, it can be observed that easements along water/marine bodies and buffer zones in
protected areas are not established in accordance with government guidelines and mandates.
The viability of locations for settlements requires reevaluation in light of pressures from
natural disasters and climate change. Built-up/settlement areas overlap with hazard-prone areas,
particularly those prone to flooding and landslides (Map 2.15). This situation shows susceptibility
of settlements to hazards at varying degrees. Compliance with the National Building Code and
implementation of other mitigating measures are key in ensuring resiliency.

Furthermore, while Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) and climate change
adaptation (CCA) strategies have been widely adopted in the region, the implementation of some
key projects have been delayed. For instance, delays in the implementation of flood control
projects in major river systems in the cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan, and in the municipality
of Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental have led to pervasive urban flooding. Such delays prolong the
exposure of vulnerable communities to risks and pose a serious threat to the gains and
development potential of the region (See Chapter 16).

Missing links remain between production areas and markets in some locations. The region has
extensive network of roads. However, there are some agricultural areas that are not yet linked to
existing markets such as those in Bukidnon, Lanao del Norte, and Misamis Occidental (Map 2.16).
Some tourism destinations in Bukidnon, Lanao del Norte, and Misamis Oriental are still
inaccessible.

Poverty remains pronounced in rural areas. Based on the 2021 Poverty Statistics of the PSA,
Bukidnon and Lanao del Norte, whose economies are mainly agricultural, have higher poverty
incidence than the regional average. Granular poverty data from the PSA and the Department of
Social Welfare and Development’s National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction
or the Listahanan both reveal higher poverty rates in conflict-affected/conflict-vulnerable and
geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas in the region.

Comprehensive Land Use Plans need to be updated and legitimized. Despite rigorous
monitoring of the Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development Region X
(DHSUD-X) and advocacy of the Regional Development Council of Northern Mindanao
(RDC-X), many LGUs have yet to update their CLUPs. These outdated CLUPs and obsolete
zoning ordinances hinder the ability of LGUs to optimize the use of land resources and address
spatial development challenges and the changing needs of their constituents.
The passage of the National Land Use Bill (NLUB) is seen to be a landmark legislation that would
resolve land use conflicts and address the indiscriminate conversion of agricultural lands, urban
sprawl, and the proliferation of settlements in hazard-prone and protected areas. The CLUPs and
corresponding zoning ordinances as anchored on said legislation are expected to provide rational
and responsive policies and implementation mechanisms to address above issues.
Regional Spatial Development Framework
Northern Mindanao’s framework for land use and physical development (Map 2.17) guides the
management and expansion of settlement and production areas and the development of solutions
for infrastructure and transportation challenges, all while being sensitive to the physical
environment. The framework takes into account the region's strengths and constraints, while
responding to present and future opportunities and threats within the context of its overall vision.

The region identified four Strategic Development Areas (SDAs) as a spatial strategy to emphasize
their functional roles in contributing to the region’s vision of becoming an “international gateway,
leading agricultural hub, and major industrial, trade, and tourism center in the Philippines.” More
specifically, the region aims to become the most competitive, efficient, and attractive
transshipment hub and venue for industrial ventures; it will also assert its role as the leader in
high-value agriculture-based and fishery production while becoming a key player in
manufacturing and other high productivity sectors.

Harnessing the core efficiencies, comparative advantages, and growth potential of each SDA will
be key to achieving this vision.
SDA 1: Realizing the Cagayan-Iligan Industrial and Trade Corridor
This cluster includes most of Misamis Oriental, the eastern part of Lanao del Norte, and the
northern part of Bukidnon (See Annex Q). This expanded Cagayan de Oro-Iligan Corridor, stands
to fully realize its potential of becoming a rapidly industrializing area with a large export base. The
cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan, with their existing base of heavy and large industries, serve as
the twin development poles that will draw further growth in the manufacturing and processing
sectors. There are also several emerging growth centers along the corridor to disperse
development, as well as link resource-rich rural areas to growth and market centers. This spatial
layout creates potential for intra-regional linkages and complementary growth in the whole island
of Mindanao.

SDA 1 capitalizes on its strategic location in the north central coast of Mindanao. It has the safest
and most direct sea linkages to the growth areas of Visayas and Luzon. With deep harbors,
available and continuing upgrading of shipping facilities that cater to large vessels, and more direct
sea lanes/routes, the Corridor offers a competitive edge in commodity transport and trading over
other centers in Mindanao. The Mindanao Container Terminal Port in the PHIVIDEC Industrial
Estate-Economic Zone is seen to become the south-gate of the Philippines for international trade,
through the development of agri-business centers and improvement of access or farm-to-market
roads linking to the port.

SDA 1 is primarily driven by the industry and services sectors. Based on the 2020 Provincial
Product Accounts of the PSA, local economies within SDA 1, which covers the provinces of
Misamis Oriental and Lanao del Norte and highly urbanized cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan,
contributed about 60 percent of the total industry and services output of the region.

Cagayan de Oro City, the SDA’s capital, highly specializes in the services sector, particularly trade
and retail, which accounts for 41.4 percent of the city’s output and has a location quotient10 (LQ)
of 1.54. This means it produces 1.54 times the regional average for retail and trade, signifying the
concentration of related activities in this area.11

Iligan City in the western point of the corridor is highly industrial. Its manufacturing output
comprised one-third of the city’s total output in 2020. Mining and quarrying activities are highly
concentrated in the city (LQ=4.34) owing to the non-metallic mining of a cement manufacturing
plant in the area. Electricity, steam/gas, and water accounts for 10 percent of the city’s output.
The Northern Mindanao Regional Government Center will be established in SDA 1,
accommodating national government agencies in one area to provide one-stop shop service to the
public. The region is eyeing an area away from the regional center in Cagayan de Oro City to
decongest the densely populated city and promote growth in neighboring municipalities. Possible
locations include the municipalities of Laguindingan and Alubijid in Misamis Oriental.

SDA 2: Capitalizing on the Agri-fishery and Eco-Cultural Tourism

Endowments of Lanao del Norte and Misamis Occidental
SDA 2 covers the western part of the region and capitalizes on the agri-fishery and eco-cultural
tourism resources in Lanao del Norte and Misamis Occidental (See Annex R). It accounts for 22.1
percent of the region’s agriculture and fishery sector, second to Bukidnon (64.7%) in 2020. It
maintains its functional role as the agri-fishery hub in the region, as it is endowed with the rich
Kapatagan Valley of Lanao del Norte and coastal resources that encompass Panguil Bay, Illana
Bay, and Iligan Bay.

SDA 2 also boasts of its eco-cultural tourism resources, owing to the rich natural resources of the
two provinces and the cultural heritage of the Maranaos in many parts of Lanao del Norte and the
Subanens in Misamis Occidental. Misamis Occidental accommodated 13.59 percent (399,403) of
the region’s tourist arrivals in 2019, majority of whom were domestic tourists. In the same year,
Lanao del Norte registered 235,082 tourists, accounting for 8.59 percent of the region’s tourist
arrivals.

Easier and faster access between Lanao del Norte and Misamis Occidental through the Panguil Bay
Bridge will facilitate economic growth and development in this SDA, and the rest of the region.
Improving established links to Cebu and Manila, the Provinces of Zamboanga del Norte,
Zamboanga del Sur, and Lanao del Sur, and the Cities of Dipolog, Zamboanga, and Dumaguete
will also accelerate the development of agro-forestry, fishery, and eco-tourism in the area.

SDA 3: Boosting Agri-business Ventures and Eco-tourism in Bukidnon

SDA 3 is comprised solely of the province of Bukidnon (See Annex S). Agricultural development
is its core considering its rich natural endowments, size, and position. Despite the coronavirus
disease (COVID-19) pandemic, Bukidnon’s economy registered one percent growth in 2020
brought about by growth in the agriculture (2.9%) and industry (2.4%) sectors.
The size and growth of the province’s agriculture sector reinforce its spatial and functional role as
the ‘food basket’ in the region and Mindanao at large. Further, the agriculture sector also serves
as the backbone of a number of manufacturing, and eco- and farm-tourism activities in the area.
The completion of the Bukidnon Airport Development Project in 2025 is seen to open trade
markets and usher visitors to eco- and farm tourism sites.

SDA 3 also hosts vast ecologically important sites and is home to two protected areas proclaimed
under the NIPAS. These are the Mount Kitanglad Range Natural Park12 and Mount Kalatungan
Range Natural Park.13 In addition to these, Bukidnon province is in the process of applying for the
declaration of the Pantaron Mountain Range, Mount Tangkulan Range, Mount Kimangkil Range,
and Mount Tago Range as protected areas. These will add a total of 144,350 hectares of protected
areas in the region.14

SDA 4: Harnessing the Gingoog-Camiguin Tourism Adventure Loop

SDA 4 encompasses the eastern portion of Misamis Oriental and the island province of Camiguin
(See Annex T). It boasts of picture perfect attractions from the waters and beaches of Camiguin,
and mountains of Gingoog City and Claveria and coastal towns of Misamis Oriental.

The services sector constituted the largest share of Camiguin’s economy. Said sector comprised
61.3 percent of the province’s total output over the period 2018-2020. The other top subsectors are
retail and trade (13.4%) and accommodation and food services activities (12%).15

While the service industry in Camiguin bore the brunt of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic,
tourist arrivals started to pick up in the last quarter of 2021 due to the easing of travel restrictions
and safe reopening of the economy.

The eastern portion of Misamis Oriental as one of the major tourist destinations in the country,
espouses the creation of an integrated adventure-type coastal and/or expanded tourism highway.
Improvement of access to tourism sites and facilities, and development of tour packages that
connect Cagayan de Oro City to tourism sites in Misamis Oriental, such as Mantangale in
Balingoan, Duka Bay in Medina and the picturesque mountains of Claveria to Camiguin, and then
to Bohol and Cebu and vice versa, through the nautical highway will be continuously enhanced.
This would complement the development of adventure tourism in Bukidnon and other areas.
Strategies
The region will adopt the core strategies of the National Spatial Strategy (NSS), namely: regional
agglomeration, connectivity, and vulnerability reduction.

Agglomeration
Regional agglomeration seeks to build on the efficiencies and maximize the benefits of scale and
agglomeration economies. The growth of regional centers will be managed to function more
efficiently. The advantages of scale and agglomeration economies will be maximized and spread to
outlying areas.

Pursue settlement and growth corridor development

As the region’s economy continues to grow, it will pursue strategies and policy options for
settlement development that will ensure livable communities and the safety and health of the
population. These include the redevelopment or revitalization of urban coastal areas, relocation
and development of growing towns and cities (See Subchapter 4.3), and development of Metro
Cagayan de Oro.

In line, the RDC-X will continue to support growth corridor development, particularly the
promotion of urban growth corridors in at least three of the designated SDAs. This will concentrate
urban development along the existing major arteries namely: 1) the Cagayan-Iligan highway in
SDA 1; 2) the corridor from Tubod, Lanao del Norte to the cities of Oroquieta, Ozamiz, and
Tangub in Misamis Occidental through the Panguil Bay Bridge in SDA 2; and 3) the Malaybalay-
Valencia-Maramag corridor along the Sayre Highway in SDA 3.

Adopt the Metropolitan Food and Agri-based Products Cluster (MFAPC) approach

Urbanization in said growth corridors will result in growing demand for safe and high quality food
commodities. Thus, the region will adopt the MFAPC approach to promote synergy between rural
and urban areas in the production, processing, and distribution of food products (See Chapter 7).

Push for the creation of the Metro Cagayan de Oro Development Authority

The RDC-X, with the assistance and support of Region X representatives to Congress, will push
for the creation of the Metro Cagayan de Oro Development Authority. The Authority will perform
planning, monitoring, and coordination functions of metro-wide services. In the interim, the
RDC-X has created an ad hoc committee that performs governance mechanisms in lieu of a
development authority, albeit in a limited scale, while pushing for the implementation of the
Sustainable Urban Infrastructure Development in Metropolitan Cagayan de Oro (SUID Metro
CDO) Master Plan.

Pursue balanced regional development

To address decongestion and influx of migrants in urban areas, the region will ensure balanced
regional development and equitable distribution of wealth, resources, and opportunities in the
countryside. National and local governments will identify areas for possible resettlement of
informal settler families and those living in ‘no-build’ zones or environmentally critical areas (See
Subchapter 4.3).

Pursue establishment of the Northern Mindanao Regional Government Center

(NMRGC)

The RDC-X will pursue the establishment of the NMRGC in the Metro Cagayan de Oro area. Once
completed, it will host several government agencies in one location, thereby improving access and
quality of public service delivery (See Chapter 15).

Sustain focused targeting of interventions

Sustaining the focused targeting of interventions for marginalized groups and lagging areas will
promote equity and balanced growth and reduce poverty. The government’s Pantawid Pamilyang
Pilipino Program has been successful in pulling out extremely poor households from poverty, and
improving child health, nutrition, and education outcomes (See Subchapters 4.1, 4.2, and 6.2). The
region will also optimize the use of the Philippine Identification System or PhilSys to improve
targeting, authentication, registration, and enlistment into social protection programs (See
Subchapter 6.2). It will also continue to channel resources to poverty-stricken, conflict-
affected/conflict-vulnerable, and geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas through the
Convergence Areas for Peace and Development (CAPDev) Program (See Subchapter 14.1).

Adopt the Northern Mindanao Seaboard Spatial Strategy

To improve eco-tourism activities, the region will adopt the Northern Mindanao Seaboard Spatial
Strategy to improve inter-regional connectivity infrastructure. The Laguindingan Airport will be
further developed as an access point going to Camiguin, Zamboanga City, and Dapitan City to the
west, and Butuan City and Surigao City to the east. This will entice a wider range of tourists to the
region from neighboring regions of Zamboanga Peninsula and Caraga (See Chapter 9).

Connectivity
Connectivity aims to improve linkages among settlements and key production areas through
transportation networks and information and communications technology, connect urban centers
to rural areas, and increase access to jobs and services by people in smaller settlements.

Hasten connectivity projects

Improving connectivity will open development opportunities for lagging areas. This will ensure
balanced growth by bringing jobs, investments, and projects to these areas, and allow non-coastal
areas to catch up in terms of economic development. The region will ensure its sustainable growth
by allowing people to commute to urbanized areas from their homes or work and/or study online,
instead of migrating to densely populated areas (See Subchapter 4.3 and Chapter 13).

In terms of infrastructure, the completion of the Panguil Bay Bridge in 2024 and Bukidnon Airport
in 2025 will stimulate more economic activities in the countryside, while the upgrading and
expansion of the Laguindingan Airport will support the region’s vision of becoming another
international gateway to the Philippines.

To improve access to internet, the region will accelerate deployment of common tower facilities
and critical infrastructure through the National Broadband Program and the Free Wi-fi in Public
Places Project. Provincial broadband networks will provide for middle and last-mile segments and
enhance internet connectivity in disadvantaged areas. It will provide redundancy to existing
service providers. The region will also support policies that will improve telecommunications in
the country (See Chapter 13).

Moreover, the government recognizes the need to equalize opportunities across space through
improved transport infrastructure, with special attention to the region’s CAPDev focus barangays,
as a means to address unequal access to services (See Subchapter 14.1).
Improve mobility and accessibility

Improved public mobility and accessibility will increase economic activities and performance.
Efficiency of movement within the urban core is achieved through preference for public rather
than private transportation, active transport, and pedestrianization. Mass transport will be
encouraged, while road–vehicle density will be closely monitored to minimize traffic congestion.
The LGUs will also be encouraged to develop cycling/pedestrian lanes and pedestrian walkways to
allow people to navigate the road safely and conveniently. To address traffic congestion in urban
areas and key cities in the region, the RDC-X will lobby for a law mandating the preparation of a
Traffic Impact Assessment (See Chapter 13).

Ensure alignment of major and catalytic infrastructure projects with land use and
development plans

The region will ensure that all projects and initiatives of LGUs, national agencies, and the private
sector are aligned and consistent with the regional/local spatial/land use and development plans to
ensure coordinated efforts for sustainable development of communities. Major and catalytic
projects, including reclamation projects, must not only conform with spatial/land use plans, but
also adhere to existing guidelines and implementing rules and regulations.

Vulnerability Reduction
Vulnerability reduction aims to improve the safety and resilience of communities, production
areas, and infrastructure against the impacts of natural and human-induced hazards, and climate
change.

Protect metropolitan and growth centers from disaster and climate risks

Metro Cagayan de Oro and a number of growth centers in the region are prone to multiple hazards,
such as floods, landslides, and earthquakes. Mechanisms will be put in place to capacitate LGUs to
be self-reliant and resilient especially during times of disasters and emergencies.
Prioritize Disaster Risk Reduction and Management and Climate Change
Adaptation Projects

Despite having enabling policies in place, the implementation of DRRM-CCA projects remains
inadequate amid huge requirements for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction.
With the increasing frequency and magnitude of disasters and increasing exposure and
vulnerability to climate change and other hazards, prioritizing DRRM-CCA projects and fast
tracking their implementation is critical to mitigating socioeconomic losses and improving
resiliency (See Chapter 16).

Demarcate and protect environmentally critical areas

The LGUs and the DENR will continue to identify ‘no-build’ zones and environmentally critical
areas (ECAs). Development and implementation of certain types of projects or programs will be
prohibited or limited in said areas to avoid significant adverse environmental impacts. Limiting
development and alteration in these areas can protect communities from hazards and prevent
damage to ecologically important areas.

Build resilient and green human settlements

The region will build resilient and green human settlements to address the combined challenges of
rapid urbanization, climate change, and emerging public health emergencies. The LGUs, in
coordination with concerned agencies in Region X, will push for the relocation of settlements from
ECAs and hazard-prone areas. Also, implementation of non-structural flood risk management
measures, as well as, nature-based approach in DRRM will be pursued (See Subchapter 4.3).

Cross-cutting Strategies
Support passage of the National Land Use Bill

The region will continue to lobby for the passage of the National Land Use Bill, which will facilitate
the rational and sustainable use, allocation, management, and development of land and water
resources, consolidate all laws on land uses, and resolve land use issues and tenurial land conflicts
(See Subchapter 4.3 and Chapter 16). In particular, a land use law will aid in resolving conflicts in
close to 180,000 hectares of land in the region with overlapping or multiple tenurial instruments.
Adopt a unified land database system for all stakeholders

A unified land database will ensure that all policies, plans, and programs, as well as, private sector
decisions pertaining to land resources and/or land use are harmonized, leading to fewer land use
overlaps and conflicts in the region.

Enjoin LGUs to update and legitimize the CLUPs, strictly enforce zoning ordinances,
and adopt cluster-based approach to land use planning

To efficiently allocate and utilize land resources, the LGUs will be enjoined to update and legitimize
their CLUPs and to align these with other land use and development plans at the local and regional
levels. Likewise, the corresponding zoning ordinances, which serve as legal instruments to
implement the CLUP will be strictly enforced. The RDC-X will also support the cluster-based
approach in land use planning to address inter-local and inter-sectoral land use issues in the region.
6
The National Economic and Development Authority Regional Office X (NEDA Region X) has commissioned the formulation of a Masterplan for
the Sustainable Urban Infrastructure Development in Metropolitan Cagayan de Oro (SUID Metro CDO) in 2019, which aligns the spatial strategy
and cluster development espoused in the Northern Mindanao Regional Development Plan 2017-2022 Midterm Update and the DRR/CCA-
Enhanced Northern Mindanao Regional Physical Framework Plan 2013-2040 (2015 Update).
7
NEDA Region X. 2015. Northern Mindanao Climate and Disaster Risk-Sensitive Regional Physical Framework Plan 2013-2040 (2015 Update).
8
One Map is a common map created by the RDC-X in 2021 that consolidates all titles and tenurial instruments in Region X, which facilitates the
identification of conflicting tenurial claims and resolution of such conflicts.
9
Act of changing the current use of agricultural land into non-agricultural uses, without the required order of conversion from the DAR
(Department of Agrarian Reform-Department of Justice Joint Administrative Order No. 04, series of 1993).
10
A location quotient is a specific type of independence association measure that uses geographical areas such as provinces or cities as one variable.
It is an indication of the extent that the two variables are independent or associated with each other, that is, as to what extent a specific area is
associated with industry or service or agriculture (PLPEM Volume 2: PDPFP).
11
NEDA Region X. 2022. Northern Mindanao Regional Development Report 2021.
12
Presidential Proclamation No. 986 (24 September 1996) and RA 8978 (9 November 2000).
13
Presidential Proclamation No. 305 (5 May 2000).
14
NEDA Region X. 2022. Northern Mindanao Regional Development Report 2021.
15
NEDA Region X. 2022. Northern Mindanao Regional Development Report 2021.
Overview of the Regional
Development Plan 2023-2028
Strategy Framework
The Northern Mindanao Regional Development Plan (RDP) 2023-2028 is the second base camp towards
achieving AmBisyon Natin 2040. It reflects a bolder and reimagined vision for Region X as an
“international gateway, leading agriculture hub, and major industrial, tourism, and trade center in the
Philippines.”

The RDP 2023-2028 is guided by the present administration’s 8-Point Socioeconomic Agenda, the
strategies identified in the Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2023-2028, and the development
imperatives identified during regional and local planning consultations.

The RDP Strategy Framework presents intended actions for the next six years that aim to steer the
region back to its high-growth path, and sustainably reduce poverty incidence and unemployment
rates.

AmBisyon Natin 2040

On 11 October 2016, the Philippine Government adopted the 25-year long-term vision for the
Philippines dubbed as AmBisyon Natin 2040 (Executive Order No. 5, s. 2016). It envisions that “by
2040, the Philippines is a prosperous middle-class society where no one is poor. People live long
and healthy lives and are smart and innovative. The country is a high-trust society where families
thrive in vibrant, culturally diverse, and resilient communities.”

AmBisyon Natin 2040 represents the Filipino people’s collective long-term vision and aspirations
for themselves and for the country: a life that is strongly rooted (matatag), comfortable
(maginhawa), and secure (panatag). This vision translates to the long-term goals of tripling real
per capita income and eradicating hunger and poverty by 2040, if not sooner.

AmBisyon Natin 2040 serves as an anchor for development planning across at least four
administrations. In 2016, the country started transforming the vision into action by formulating
the Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2017-2022. Subsequently, Northern Mindanao
formulated its RDP 2017-2022.
The country and Northern Mindanao posted strong economic performance and significantly
reduced poverty rates, driven by the national government’s prudent macroeconomic policies and
game-changing reforms that resulted in better socioeconomic outcomes.

However, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and the ensuing measures to control its
spread, slowed down economic activities and disrupted this growth momentum, resulting in job
and income losses and reversal of socioeconomic gains from 2016 to 2019 (See Chapter 1).

The pandemic exposed into plain view that:16

 Everything and everyone are interconnected, such as supply chains and communications
technology, among others;
 Recovery has started but investments should be made on early warning systems, social
protection, resilience building, research and development (R&D), innovation, and
technology; and
 There are limits to government resources, hence the need to spend on the right priorities,
and enlist everyone’s support and convergence.

Though there are risks and uncertainties relating to health, learning losses from COVID-19,
environment, geopolitics, economic, and global trade and finance (See Chapter 1), the challenges
are not insurmountable. The reforms laid down by past administrations have paved paths for the
current administration to pursue opportunities for accelerating economic transformation. Such
reforms can be deepened to build stronger foundations for a more robust, inclusive, and resilient
Philippines.

Philippine Development Plan 2023-2028

During his State of the Nation Address (SONA) on 25 July 2022, President Ferdinand R. Marcos,
Jr. bared his 8-Point Socioeconomic Agenda. It includes the following near-term and medium-
term strategies, which seeks to reinvigorate job creation and accelerate poverty reduction while
addressing the issues brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic:

1. Protect purchasing power of families by ensuring food security, reducing transport and
logistics cost, and reducing energy cost;
2. Reduce vulnerability and mitigate scarring from the COVID-19 pandemic by expanding
healthcare capacities in case of surges, addressing learning losses, and strengthening social
protection;
 3. Ensure sound macroeconomic fundamentals and government processes by enhancing
bureaucratic efficiency and sound fiscal management and ensuring a resilient and
innovative financial sector;
4. Create more jobs by promoting investments, improving infrastructure, and ensuring
energy security;
5. Create quality jobs by increasing employability, advancing R&D and innovation, and
enhancing the digital economy;
6. Create green jobs by establishing livable and sustainable communities and pursuing a green
and blue economy;
7. Uphold public order and safety, peace, and security; and
8. Ensure a level playing field by strengthening market competition and reducing barriers to
entry and limits to entrepreneurship.

In the same SONA, President Marcos directed the National Economic and Development Authority
(NEDA) to officially commence activities leading to the formulation of the PDP 2023-2028 and
submit the Plan before the end of 2022.

Taking off from AmBisyon Natin 2040 and anchored on the 8-Point Socioeconomic Agenda, the
PDP 2023-2028 serves as the country’s roadmap towards economic and social transformation for
a prosperous, inclusive and resilient society for the next six years. The plan was jointly formulated
by the executive and legislative branches of the government, with inputs from other sectors such
business, civil society organizations (CSOs), and non-governmental organizations (NGOs),
including those representing the marginalized and underserved.

The PDP 2023-2028 Strategy Framework (Figure 3.1) highlights the plan’s focus on the following
objectives: (a) develop and protect capabilities of individuals and families; (b) transform
production sectors to generate more quality jobs and produce competitive products; and (c) foster
an enabling environment encompassing institutions and physical and natural environment.
Regional Development Plan 2023-2028
In line with the PDP’s overall objective of “economic and social transformation for a prosperous,
inclusive and resilient society,” the Northern Mindanao RDP 2023-2028 reflects the
socioeconomic agenda and strategic priorities of the region. It presents the vision for the region
and an assessment of the previous plan period (2017-2021), which includes development
challenges and opportunities. It also contains strategy frameworks that indicate the expected
outcomes and corresponding priority action areas such as policies, major programs and projects,
and core targets that the region commits to accomplish during the plan period.

The RDP also takes into account the Sustainable Development Goals and recent development
trends and policies that will likely impact on the socioeconomic development of the region. To
ensure vertical and horizontal alignment with other plans, the RDP is also anchored on various
spatial, strategic, development, and sector plans at the national, Mindanao-wide, regional, and
local levels.
Northern Mindanao RDP 2023-2028 Strategy Framework
harnessing the comparative advantages and growth potentials of these areas will redirect economic
growth, social protection, and investments (See Chapter 2).

As with the PDP strategy framework, strategies in the Northern Mindanao RDP are organized into
three main objectives: (a) develop and protect capabilities of individuals and families;
(b) transform production sectors to generate more quality jobs and produce competitive products;
and (c) foster an enabling environment encompassing institutions and physical and natural
environment.
Develop and protect capabilities of individuals and families

Northern Mindanao’s socioeconomic transformation will come by way of ensuring that human
capital and social development services (See Chapter 4) in the aspects of health, education and
lifelong learning, and livable communities will provide Filipino individuals and families with the
necessary set of capabilities to participate in growth opportunities and be economically productive.

Health will be boosted through strengthening the overall health care systems by providing access
and quality health care for all, including the equitable distribution of health infrastructure and
human resource, and promoting appropriate health-seeking behavior (See Subchapter 4.1).

Education and lifelong learning will be enhanced by providing quality, inclusive, and adequate
education at all levels (See Subchapter 4.2). Updating of curriculum will be done, especially for
higher education to become responsive to the existing and emerging labor market demands.
Programs, policies, and regulations of Technical and Vocational Education and Training will be
improved to prepare trainees for the demands of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Modern
learning spaces will be provided, teachers will be upskilled and reskilled, public-private
collaboration in the provision of basic education will be strengthened, and catch-up programs will
be developed to reduce, if not reverse the scarring effects of COVID-19 to learning. Students’
proficiency across all levels will be continuously assessed and monitored to measure effectiveness
of instructional strategies and interventions.

Livable communities will be established to facilitate attainment of a higher quality of well-being

that support the Filipinos’ aspirations of a secure and comfortable life by 2040 (See Subchapter 4.3).

To ensure that capabilities of individuals remain relevant, thus increasing income-earning ability
(See Chapter 5), the government will provide access to training and skills development and
employment facilitation programs that are relevant with industry needs and standards. In
partnership with industry and other stakeholders, the region will make the labor market more
inclusive, provide avenues for re-tooling and re-skilling, protect the workers, and ensure effective
job facilitation processes to increase the employability of jobseekers.

In addition, the government will pursue vulnerability reduction, food security and proper
nutrition strategies (See Chapter 6) by ensuring availability, affordability, and accessibility of food
amid the looming global food shortages and supply chain disruptions (See Subchapter 6.1) and by
strengthening social protection (See Subchapter 6.2). Over the plan period, the region will intensify
the implementation of nutrition-related interventions under the Philippine and Local Plan of
Action for Nutrition. Social protection programs will be further strengthened and provided to
enable individuals, especially the vulnerable, to manage and mitigate risks arising from all kinds of
disasters and disruptions.

Transform production sectors to generate more quality jobs and competitive

products

The production sectors in the region will be transformed to generate more and better quality jobs
for Filipino workers, and produce competitive products, both for the Philippine and international
markets.

Agriculture and agri-business will be modernized (See Chapter 7). The region will drive more
innovations in agriculture through a cohesive and proactive collaboration with all stakeholders,
including national and local governments, agri-business sector, academe, CSOs, and the farming
and fishing communities, and the indigenous peoples (IP) communities. Modernization will be
pursued through farm mechanization and clustering; upscaling of Adaptation and Mitigation
Initiative in Agriculture (AMIA) villages into AMIA clusters; and formulating harmonized
regional inclusive agri-industrial cluster roadmaps. The region will also strongly pursue measures
to make agriculture more attractive to the younger generations.

Industry will be revitalized with focus on manufacturing (See Chapter 8). Services, including
tourism, creative, and business processing sectors will be reinvigorated (See Chapter 9).

Regional transformation will be driven by R&D, technology development and adoption, and
innovation (See Chapter 10). Inter-industry linkages will also be enhanced. Moreover, local
governments will be aggressive in promoting trade and attracting local and foreign private
investments (See Chapter 11). Northern Mindanao will position itself as the Southern Philippines’
hub for investments, regional innovation, and business start-ups.

Locational assets such as the PHIVIDEC Industrial Authority and various economic zones will be
extensively promoted and sustainably expanded, while the development of emerging industrial
areas, particularly the Metro Iligan Regional Agro-Industrial Center, and the University of Science
and Technology S&T Park will be fast-tracked.

Foreign and local investors, especially venture capitalists, will be engaged through an aggressive
“Make it Happen in Northern Mindanao for the Philippines” campaign, and amplified business-
to-business partnerships here and abroad.
Foster an Enabling Environment

The RDP framework also adopts bedrock strategies that support the attainment of the major
strategies. The region will continue to promote financial inclusion and improve public financial
management (See Chapter 12) by providing effective access to a wide range of financial services,
especially to the vulnerable sectors, and ensuring that these services improve each individual's
financial health. The region will also ensure equitable, prudent, transparent, and accountable
allocation and use of public funds to address economic scarring arising from the effects of the
COVID-19 pandemic.

Economic transformation also requires sustainable, resilient, integrated, and smart infrastructure.
Thus, infrastructure, both economic and social, will be expanded and upgraded through the Build
Better More Program (See Chapter 13). The region will: a) expand connectivity and improve
transport infrastructure; b) improve access to information and communication technology (ICT)
infrastructure, especially in remote areas; c) ensure affordable, reliable, and clean energy that will
propel the region’s economic growth; and d) continue to address gaps in resources and basic
facilities, especially in geographically isolated, disadvantaged, conflict-affected/vulnerable, and
poverty-stricken areas.

Political stability resulting from peace, security, and public safety (See Subchapter 14.1) will be
pursued. The region will also support efforts toward the enhancement of the justice system, faster
disposition of cases, and provision of free or affordable legal service. It will likewise push for
legislation that will strengthen the justice sector (See Subchapter 14.2).

Strategies that will improve efficiency in the delivery of public services, provide functional
participatory spaces, bolster public accountability, and improve capacities of human resources in
government will be pursued (See Chapter 15). In light of the implementation of the Mandanas-
Garcia Ruling (EO 138, s. 2021),18 the region will proactively capacitate local government units
towards full autonomy and decentralization.

Resilience against impacts of disasters and climate change will be strengthened. In relation to this,
environment and natural resource management strategies will be pursued to support and sustain
inclusive and resilient economic growth (See Chapter 16).

The region will continue to promote social justice, human rights, gender and development, culture
and values, and conflict-sensitivity, and recognize importance of migration and development.
Plan implementation mechanism will maximize existing institutional, political, and administrative
arrangements. As claimholders and duty-bearers of development, the participation of the business
sector, civil society organizations, non-government organizations, academe, and other
stakeholders in the entire development process will be strengthened and sustained (See
Chapter 17).

Convergence Areas for Peace and Development Program

The Convergence Areas for Peace and Development (CAPDev) program—the region’s banner
program towards inclusive and sustainable development and just and lasting peace—has been
sharpened and upscaled to make it more potent in reducing poverty and ensuring peace and
development in the region’s focus areas.

Institutionalized in 2019,19 the CAPDev program addresses the root causes of insurgencies,
internal disturbances and tensions, and other armed conflicts, and threats for inclusive
development through focused, coordinated, and sustained delivery of basic services and social
development packages by government and its partners in poor, conflict-affected/vulnerable, and
geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas (GIDAs) in Region X. Also called CAPDev focus
barangays, these areas are given preferential treatment in the provision of basic services and
development interventions.

The region identified a total of 763 CAPDev focus barangays through a rigid prioritization criteria
developed by the AFP-Philippine Army (AFP-PA), Department of Social Welfare and
Development Region X (DSWD-X), Department of Health – Center for Health Development –
Northern Mindanao (DOH CHD-NM), and RDC-X Secretariat using the following indicators:
conflict affectation (AFP-PA), poverty incidence (DSWD-X and RDC-X Secretariat); and GIDA
(DSWD-X and DOH CHD-NM) (See Subchapter 14.1).

In February 2023, the RDC-X Secretariat updated said list of CAPDev focus barangays to consider
changes in conflict-affectation profiles amid successful civil-military operations, latest barangay
level poverty data based on the National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction
(NHTS-PR) Listahanan 3, latest data on GIDA barangays, and susceptibility to flooding and rain-
induced landslides (RIL)20 as an additional criterion. As of 16 February 2023, the region has a total
of 351 CAPDev focus barangays21 (Table 3.1 and Map 3.1).

The region will continue to make use of existing structures at the regional and local levels to
implement the CAPDev Program. The CAPDev program is also mainstreamed in all applicable
chapters of the RDP 2023-2028. As needed, implementing mechanisms will be restructured to
make the program more agile and responsive in prioritizing development interventions to the
focus barangays.

Focus Area Parameters Number of Barangays

Focus Area A Conflict-Vulnerable Area (CVA), poverty incidence (50% above), GIDA, 73
and susceptibility to hazards (flooding/rain-induced landslide[RIL])
Focus Area B CVA, plus 1-2 other parameters mentioned above (poverty incidence 193
(50% above), geographically isolated and disadvantaged area (GIDA),
or susceptibility to hazards (flooding/RIL))
Focus Area C 3 parameters except CVAs (poverty incidence (50% above), GIDA, or 85
susceptibility to hazards (flooding/RIL))
TOTAL 351
Headline Targets
By 2028, the region will realize economic transformation for a prosperous, inclusive, and resilient
society. More Filipinos in the region will be closer to achieving their AmBisyon, and Northern
Mindanao will be nearer to its development vision.

The RDP 2023-2028 targets an increase in GRDP growth rates of between 6.5 to 8 percent by 2028.
Unemployment rate will be reduced from 5.4 percent in 2021 to a range of 4 to 5 percent in 2028.
To reflect the increase in quality jobs, underemployment will decrease from 18.3 percent in 2021
to below 15 percent in 2028. Poverty is targeted to decline to 16-18 percent of population by 2028.
Poverty incidence among families is also targeted to reduce between 10.0-12.0 percent (Table 3.2).

BASELINE ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS END-OF-

MEANS OF
INDICATOR VALUE PLAN (2028)
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION
(YEAR) TARGETS
Gross Regional 6.3 6.0-.8.0 6.0-.8.0 6.5-.8.0 6.5-.8.0 6.5-.8.0 6.5-.8.0 6.5-.8.0 Regional
Domestic Product (2021) Accounts of the
(growth rates, %) Philippines
increased (at constant (RAP), Philippine
2018 prices) Statistics
Authority (PSA)
Gross Value Added 3.8 (2021) 2.5-4.5 2.5-4.5 3.0-4.5 3.0-4.5 3.0-4.5 3.0-4.5 3.0-4.5 RAP, PSA
(GVA) (growth rates) in
agriculture increased
(at constant 2018
prices)
GVA (growth rates) in 8.7 (2021) 8.0-10.0 8.0-10.0 8.5-10.0 8.5-10.0 8.5-10.0 8.5-10.0 8.5-10.0 RAP, PSA
industry increased (at
constant 2018 prices)
GVA (growth rates) in 6.2 (2021) 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 7.0-8.5 7.0-8.5 7.0-8.5 7.0-8.5 7.0-8.5 RAP, PSA
services increased (at
constant 2018 prices)
Poverty incidence 19.2 15.8- - 13.4-15.4 - 11.0-13.0 10.0- 10.0-12.0 Philippine
among families (2021) 17.8 12.0 Poverty
reduced (%)a Statistics, PSA
Poverty incidence 26.1 22.1-24.1 - 19.0- - 16.0- 15.0-17.0 15.0-17.0 Philippine
among population (2021) 21.0 18.0 Poverty
reduced (%)a Statistics, PSA
Unemployment rate 5.4 4.0-5.0 4.0-5.0 4.0-5.0 4.0-5.0 4.0-5.0 4.0-5.0 4.0-5.0 Labor Force
reduced (%) (2021) Survey (LFS),
PSA
Underemployment rate 18.3 17-18 17-18 15-16 15-16 <15 <15 <15 LFS, PSA
reduced (%) (2021)
a
Poverty statistics released every two years.
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
16
Chapter 1: A Plan for Economic and Social Transformation, Philippine Development Plan 2023-2028
17
Northern Mindanao in 2021 ranked second in Gross Value Added (GVA) in Agriculture, Fishery, and Forestry, and fifth in GVA in Industry and
Manufacturing among all regions in the country.
18
The Mandanas-Garcia Supreme Court (SC) ruling (for General Register Nos. 199802 and 208408), which significantly increased the tax base on
which the share of the LGUs is computed from, and thus, strengthened fiscal decentralization. National internal revenue taxes include only taxes
collected by the Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) while “National taxes,” consists of all taxes and duties collected by the NG through the BIR, the
Bureau of Customs (BOC), and other collecting agencies; https://www.dbm.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/Mandanas-Garcia-Case/IEC-
Materials/FAQs-Mandanas-Garcia-Ruling.pdf.
19
RDC-X and Regional Peace and Order Council – Northern Mindanao (RPOC-X) passed Joint Resolution No. 03 (s. 2019) “Approving and Adopting
the Convergence Areas for Peace and Development (CAPDev) as the Enabling Program to Operationalize EO 70 in Region X.”
20
Susceptibility to Flooding and Rain-Induced Landslide (RIL) data from Mines and Geosciences Bureau Region X (MGB-X), as of February 2023
21
The list of CAPDev focus barangays is active and will be updated once new data are made available or when necessary.
Promote Human Capital and
Social Development
Filipinos enjoying healthy and longer lives, who yearn for high-quality lifelong learning in livable
communities that allow them to become smart and innovative, are pillars of AmBisyon Natin 2040. Thus,
the Northern Mindanao region will support the overall well-being of its people by guiding them to make
healthy choices, and ensuring access to quality health services, better learning opportunities, and
improved human settlements.

The priority action areas in this chapter are geared toward boosting health, improving education and
lifelong learning, and establishing livable communities. The strategies and interventions will be
inclusive and directed to the poor and underserved sectors, and lagging areas of the region.

Subchapter 4.1 Boost Health

Ensuring health and well-being of Filipinos is essential for poverty reduction. A healthy workforce will
contribute to the achievement of inclusive and sustainable development, economic growth, and
prosperous communities.

Boosting health entails improving health system capacity, making health services affordable and
accessible for all, establishing healthy living conditions, and providing health-related education and
information such as health literacy, and sexual and reproductive health. This chapter presents the
challenges facing the health sector and the strategies that will be pursued to attain the following
outcomes: a) social determinants of health improved; b) healthy choices and behavior enabled;
c) access, quality, and efficiency of healthcare improved; d) health systems strengthened; and
e) Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and other infectious diseases that have the potential to become
pandemic managed.

Assessment and Challenges

Maternal care, and infant and under-five mortality in the region were improved. Maternal
Mortality Ratio (MMR) was 81 per 100,000 livebirths in 2021, higher than the end-of plan (EOP)
target of 70 per 100,000 livebirths.

However, MMR improved in 2022 at 49.74 per 100,000 livebirths, which is better than its end-of-
plan target of 70 per 100,000 livebirths. Likewise, the 2022 mortality rates among infant and under-
five children were recorded at 6.01 and 11.81 per 1,000 livebirths, respectively. The infant mortality
rate reached its target of 8 per 1,000 livebirths, while under-five fell short in accomplishing its
target of 11.5 per 1,000 livebirths.

Persistent high mortality rates can be attributed to poor health-seeking behavior of mothers and
pregnant women despite the implementation of various health services and health promotion
programs. Also, access to quality maternal and child healthcare services need to be strengthened.

Newborns screened in 2018 attained the EOP target of 100 percent but decreased in 2019 (78%)
and 2020 (65.6%). Fully immunized children were lowest at 54.10 percent in 2019 and highest at
86.82 percent in 2017.

Despite efforts to promote health, more work needs to be done to improve health literacy. The
Universal Healthcare (UHC) Act (Republic Act 11223) emphasizes the role of health promotion
in attaining optimal health outcomes by improving health literacy. Low health literacy can have
adverse impacts not only on a patient's health but also on public health as a whole. The COVID-
19 pandemic is a clear example of the importance of health literacy, which is the ability to obtain,
understand, and use information to make appropriate health decisions and to be able to follow
health providers’ instructions for treatment.

While there were directives at the national level in mainstreaming health promotion and
protection in schools, communities, and workplaces, a holistic approach toward amplifying health
promotion at the regional level is required. Region X still falls behind in accomplishing its goal of
fostering environments that are promotive and protective of health.

At the national level, there is limited functional health literacy22 in about half of the population
(51%) based on the 2022 National Survey on Prevalence of Limited Health Literacy in the
Philippines. Prevalence of limited health care knowledge was highest in areas with difficulty in
accessing healthcare information.23 Health literacy also varies in terms of religious and cultural
beliefs.

Alarming increase of mental health concerns. Addressing mental health concerns has been
overlooked over the years, as evidenced by the lack of a dedicated mental health center in the
region. This gap challenged the delivery of quality mental health services to those in need.

These challenges were made evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, when the imposition of
quarantine and lockdown measures and fear of contracting the virus increased levels of stress and
anxiety among individuals. Causes of depression also rose due to loss of loved ones, livelihood, and
employment.24
Home isolation also disrupted the social and economic activities of people, which contributed to
increased consumption of alcohol and illegal drugs, as well as, self-harm or suicidal behavior. The
number of suicide cases at the national level increased by 26 percent in 2020, as reported by the
Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA).25

The Department of Health Center for Health and Development in Northern Mindanao (DOH
CHD-NM) continues to provide 24/7 mental health crisis intervention via phone calls through its
Kamusta Ka Hotline. Said hotline also serves as a portal for referral to other agencies that can
provide specific mental health services regionwide. As of 31 December 2021, a total of 14,991 calls
seeking Psychological First Aid were served.

There is difficulty among vulnerable groups in accessing healthcare services. Article 8, Section
11 of the 1987 Constitution declares that “The state shall adopt an integrated and comprehensive
approach to health development, which shall endeavor to make essential goods, health, and other
social services available to all the people at affordable cost.”

Moreover, the lack of recorded health information concerning disadvantaged groups, such as
underserved communities in geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas and conflict-affected
areas, is one of the barriers to accessing health care services. For instance, disaggregated health data
of indigenous peoples is not available and poses another form of inequity specific on health
information, despite comprising about 13 percent of the country’s population.26

Likewise, women and girls who experienced violence often face barriers to accessing healthcare.
Violence against women and girls can have significant health consequences, including physical
injuries, mental health issues, and reproductive health problems. Gender-based violence can also
limit women's ability to access healthcare services and other resources.

Mothers also continue to face cultural stigma when breastfeeding in public spaces, therefore,
supporting breastfeeding mothers and protecting their right to nourish their babies are also key
priorities of the government. Despite the implementation of the Expanded Breastfeeding
Promotion Act (RA 10028), which mandates all establishments to allocate space for lactation
stations, there are still some establishments without a safe space for a mother to breastfeed her
baby.
Persistence of infectious and other diseases. Targets on decreasing prevalence rates of infectious
diseases were mostly attained in 2020. Malaria prevalence and morbidity rates were zero per
100,000 population. Tuberculosis mortality and incidence rates were within target rates at 6 and
258 per 100,000 population, respectively. The prevalence of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV) also remained below one percent since 2018, with 350 cases recorded in 2021.

For the period 2018-2020, the average dengue case mortality rate of 0.47 per 100,000 population is
higher than the EOP target of 0.20 per 100,000 population. The persistence of infection in the
region is attributed to the following factors: 1) poor environmental sanitation behavior and
practices of communities; 2) most of the coordinators at the local level were designated as
surveillance officers for COVID-19 response; and 3) some patients opted not to visit health
facilities due to fear of contracting the COVID-19 virus. Moreover, the absence of an ordinance
for Dengue Prevention and Control Program in some local government units (LGUs) in the region
resulted in the non-implementation of regular environmental sanitation activities, particularly the
conduct of “search and destroy” of mosquito breeding sites.

The absence of toxic and hazardous waste disposal and wastewater treatment facilities and
limited access to safe water supply pose health risks. The proportion of households in the region
with access to basic safe water supply and using safely managed drinking water services was 95
percent in 2020, below the target of 98 percent. Likewise, only 70.4 percent of households have
basic sanitation facilities or flush toilets connected to septic tanks, community sewer, sewerage
system, or ventilated improved pit latrines (See Chapter 13).

There are also health risks stemming from the absence of toxic and hazardous waste disposal and
wastewater treatment facilities in the region (See Chapters 13 and 16).

Not all Filipinos in the region are registered for health insurance protection. The passage of the
UHC Act is a breakthrough toward the attainment of AmBisyon Natin 2040. Under the UHC Law,
all Filipino citizens are automatically eligible to avail of the government’s health benefit packages
through the National Health Insurance Program (NHIP).

Through the NHIP, Filipinos are provided access to the full continuum of health services and
protect them from financial burdens as a result of seeking such services. With the signing of the
UHC Law, all Filipinos are already automatically included under the NHIP, making Philippine
Health Insurance (PhilHealth’s) coverage rate at 100 percent.
In Region X, there are 2.58 million members and 1.99 million dependents registered in NHIP as
of 31 December 2022. Hence, there are still around 9.03 percent of the covered population or
450,000 individuals who are yet to be registered in the PhilHealth database. There is a need to
register all Filipinos in the said database to ensure health insurance protection. Indigents under
the National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS-PR) comprised the
majority of members and dependents in 2022 at 56.46 percent and 43.54 percent, respectively.

A variety of comprehensive healthcare services, from basic primary care to catastrophic packages,
are already available to PhilHealth members and their families. PhilHealth Region X
(PhilHealth-X) also offers the Individual-Based Services or Service Coverage, which includes a
wide range of ailments from moderate to severe disorders. While PhilHealth-X has considerably
invested in inpatient facilities, it has made even greater investments in outpatient benefits to
protect members against chronic illnesses, avoid complications through early detection, and
provide affordable drugs and medicines. The Konsultasyong Sulit at Tama (KonSulTa) Package of
PhilHealth launched in December 2020 was created in response to the growing emphasis on
Primary Care Benefits, particularly for outpatients.

Major health facilities were upgraded but progress in the delivery of healthcare services
remained slow. Bed-to-population ratio in the region improved but still failed to meet the EOP or
2022 targets in the Regional Development Plan (RDP) 2017-2022, specifically for Level 1 and 2
hospitals. Level 1 hospitals bed-to-population ratio increased to 1:2,368 in 2021 vs. the EOP target
of 1:2,000, while the Level 2 hospitals have bed-to-population ratio of 1:1,721 in 2021 vs. the EOP
target of 1:1,000.

Level 3 hospitals had a 1:7,063 bed-to-population ratio in 2021, better than the EOP target of
1:8,000. This is attributed to the increase in bed capacity of the Northern Mindanao Medical Center
(NMMC)27 (See Chapter 13).

As of 31 December 2022, other than the Northern Mindanao Heart Center at the NMMC, there
are no specialty hospitals and facilities in the region such as hemodialysis facilities and the Kidney
and Transplant Institute and Heart Center.

There is also limited access to health services including ambulance and patient transport services,
especially for patients in marginalized communities and in far-flung, geographically isolated and
disadvantaged, and conflict-affected areas.
The lack of healthcare providers in Northern Mindanao affected the health and well-being of
the local population. In 2020, nurse and midwife-to-population ratios of 1:5,667 and 1:2,749 were
better than the EOP targets of 1:13,000 and 1:4,450, respectively, while the physician-to-population
ratio of 1:28,998 has to catch up with the EOP target of 1:27,000.

The shortage of healthcare providers in the region limits access to healthcare services, particularly
in rural areas. This can lead to delayed or inadequate treatment of illnesses and diseases and
disruption in routine healthcare services. Moreover, this shortage may lead to overworked human
resources for health (HRH), causing burnout and reduced quality of care, which can negatively
impact patients’ health outcomes.

The lack of specialty doctors for children with special needs/disabilities (e.g., developmental
pediatricians, psychiatrists) is also a concern at the regional and local levels.

While the region aspires to attain digital transformation,28 implementation challenges persist
as not all healthcare providers have the resources and capabilities for digitalization.29 In 2021,
only 20 percent of health facilities in Northern Mindanao have functional electronic medical
records (EMRs).30 EMRs in health facilities digitally store patient information and allow these to
be tracked over an extended period by multiple healthcare providers.

The lack of digital infrastructure is one of the most basic challenges towards wider implementation
of EMRs. Especially in far-flung and remote areas, the availability and reliability of internet
connection continue to be an issue. This prevents technology providers from reaching a wider base
of health providers and providing the full functionality of their services. It also hinders innovation
of new solutions.

High incidence of adolescent pregnancy persists. The number of adolescent girls (aged 15-19
years old) getting pregnant and who had begun childbearing is increasing. In 2017, the region
registered a 14.7 percent teenage pregnancy rate, the second highest in the country. The
Commission on Population and Development Region X (POPCOM-X) estimated the incidence of
teenage pregnancy for 2020 at 44.3 percent, which is way above the EOP target of five percent.

Through the issuance of Executive Order No. 141 (s. 2021), the implementation of measures to
address the root causes of the rising number of adolescent pregnancies is declared a national
priority. In the same year, the Social Protection Program for Adolescent Mothers and their
Children (SPPAMC) started its national rollout. This program ensures that adolescent girls are
provided with opportunities for education, access to health services, and other assistance
safeguarding a better quality of life for both mother and child.

Unmet needs for family planning are decreasing, yet challenges remain among couples
exercising their religious and cultural beliefs. The percentage of unmet needs for family planning
reduced from 17.8 percent in 2017 to 2.3 percent in 2020, surpassing the EOP target of 5.0 percent.
Likewise, the number of new acceptors31 increased by 162 percent with 102,544 new acceptors in
2020 from 39,122 in 2019.

However, challenges remain in the implementation of population and family planning

interventions as couples exercise their religious and cultural beliefs. Different perspectives on
family planning and lack of sex education prevail, especially for families living in rural
communities. These hinder the government’s efforts in creating an enabling environment for
couples and individuals to plan and achieve their well-being by attaining the desired number,
spacing, and timing of children through responsible parenthood, and for adolescents to make
informed decisions and protect themselves from the risks and vulnerabilities of early pregnancy
towards the realization of their full potential and development.

COVID-19 pandemic revealed weaknesses in the existing health system. The pandemic tested
the region’s health system capacities as strict quarantine and lockdown measures affected the flow
of commodities, delivery of health services, and deployment of HRH. Likewise, public and private
hospitals encountered shortages in human resources, as they were positioned for COVID-19
response. Hence, most of the 2020 and 2021 health targets were not met. The COVID-19 pandemic
demonstrated how health system vulnerabilities at the regional and local levels can have far-
reaching consequences on health and well-being.

At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, Region X had only one fully operational and eight
partially operational epidemiology and surveillance units (ESUs). There were also lack of health
workers and the necessary facilities and equipment such as intensive care units, isolation beds, and
mechanical ventilators. Even at the height of the pandemic, there was insufficient supply of
personal protective equipment, masks, and disinfectants. The region managed to establish
improvised quarantine facilities and isolation units in airports, seaports, schools, hotels, and other
accommodation facilities.

With mass vaccination nationwide, the daily COVID-19 cases in Region X declined from 42
confirmed cases on 31 December 2020 to 16 during the same period in 2021. As of 31 December
2022, a total of 107,984 confirmed COVID-19 cases were reported with a recovery rate of 96.57
percent (104,275). Casualties of the COVID-19 virus recorded 3,694 deaths in the region. In the
same period, herd immunity coverage in the region reached 91.87 percent of the target
population32 set by the National Vaccination Operations Center (NVOC).

While herd immunity coverage steadily increased, demand generation for booster shots declined.
Individuals who received their first booster shots accounted for only 28.55 percent of the eligible
population and 14.54 percent received second booster shots as of 31 December 2022.

Strategy Framework
Addressing the gaps in providing quality and timely healthcare services will focus on enhancing
accessibility and improving financial risk protection, especially for the disadvantaged population.
The contributions and commitment of all health and non-health stakeholders are crucial in
achieving universal healthcare for all.

The strategy framework to boost health (Figure 4.1.1) for Region X focuses on improving social
determinants of health by ensuring that communities, workplaces, and schools support the
physical, mental, and social well-being of all Filipinos. It underscores the need to empower
individuals and households to make appropriate choices regarding their health-seeking behavior
through increased health literacy. For Filipinos to have access to quality healthcare system,
increasing investments and strengthening monitoring systems, particularly in the implementation
of policies and programs at the local level will be pursued. The framework also presents measures
to manage the impacts of the COVID-19 virus.
Strategies
The strategies identified in this chapter support the attainment of the outcomes in the RDP
chapters on improving education and lifelong learning (See Subchapter 4.2); establishing livable
communities (See Subchapter 4.3); ensuring food security and proper nutrition (See Subchapter
6.1); advancing research and development (R&D), technology, and innovation (See Chapter 10);
expanding and upgrading information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure for
health (See Chapter 13); practicing good governance and improving bureaucratic efficiency (See
Chapter 15); and accelerating climate action and strengthening disaster resilience (See Chapter 16).

These strategies also contribute to the attainment of the country’s commitment to the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDG), particularly under SDG 3, which guarantees equitable and universal
access to quality healthcare in ensuring healthy lives and well-being for all at all ages.
Outcome 1: Social determinants of health improved
The social determinants of health are non-medical factors that influence health outcomes. These
are the conditions under which people were born and where they grow, work, and age in a healthy
setting.

Ensure that schools, communities, and workplaces support physical, mental, and
social well-being for all

According to the World Health Organization, a healthy setting is defined as a place or social
context in which people engage in daily activities. In these settings, environmental, organizational,
and personal factors interact to affect their health and well-being. This settings-based approach to
health promotion involves a holistic and multi-disciplinary method that integrates actions across
risk factors towards disease prevention. 33

Institutionalizing healthy settings in schools, communities, and workplaces will be pursued in

addressing the unhealthy and inadequate environment that can disproportionately affect the
health and social well-being of individuals (See Subchapters 4.2 and 4.3).

The implementation of healthy settings is relevant in raising people's well-being through expanded
human capabilities, functioning, and opportunities. Hence, mainstreaming health promotion
should take place in a child’s early learning years. While health promotion activities are conducted
in schools, learners continue to experience unhealthy situations due to rampant bullying and
recruitment by left-leaning organizations (See Subchapter 4.2).

On 7 December 2021, the DOH and the DILG issued Joint Administrative Order (JAO) No. 2021-
0002 on the National Policy Framework on the Promotion and Recognition of Healthy
Communities.

Subsequently, the DOH, DILG, Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD),
Department of Education (DepEd), Commission on Higher Education (CHED), Legal Education
Board (LEB), and Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) issued JAO
No. 2022-0001 to provide guidelines on healthy settings in learning institutions. The concerted
efforts of the government and private sectors will push the region towards a healthy and resilient
society.

To cultivate a cleaner environment and support the establishment of livable communities, toxic
and hazardous waste disposal facilities will be provided and wastewater treatment facilities will be
developed and operationalized. The LGUs, in partnership with the DOH CHD-NM, will provide
assistance to households in establishing functional water-sealed toilet bowls.

The DOH CHD-NM will also prioritize the establishment of a Regional Mental Health Center and
mental health crisis facilities. It will also continue the implementation of programs such as the
Mental Health Program and Mental Health Gap Action Program (mhGAP).

In the implementation of the mhGAP, the LGUs and the DOH CHD-NM will conduct capacity-
building activities for mhGAP-trained primary care physicians and nurses, as well as, mental
health psychosocial support (MHPSS) training for health personnel.

The LGUs and the National Center for Mental Health will strengthen their partnerships to help
address the mental health needs of the people in the locality by conducting activities on mental
health awareness and suicide prevention. Likewise, specialty doctors (i.e., psychometricians,
psychologists, psychiatrists) will be hired/tapped in assessing the mental health condition of
patients.

Further, a Local Mental Health Helpline will be created and sustained in the LGUs to assist those
who are struggling with mental disorders. Mental Health Information System will be developed by
the DOH CHD-NM at the regional, provincial, and barangay levels to ensure the provision of
accurate, integrated, and reliable data for program planning, service delivery, and monitoring.

Promote gender-responsive health services and facilities

Addressing gender-specific issues and challenges requires a multifaceted approach that breaks
social, cultural, and systemic barriers to gender equality in health. Promoting gender-responsive
health services and facilities is essential in ensuring that everyone, regardless of gender, has equal
access to quality healthcare and is protected against gender-based violence.

The DOH CHD-NM, public and private hospitals will increase representation of women in
leadership positions in healthcare, and also ensure that healthcare providers receive training on
how to provide care that is responsive to the needs of all gender. This includes training on cultural
competence and how to communicate with patients in a way that is sensitive to their gender
identity. Healthcare providers will also be trained to recognize and respond to gender-based
violence. This includes screening patients for domestic violence and referring them to appropriate
services.
Engaging with the community is also essential in promoting gender-responsive health services and
facilities. Public and private hospitals will partner with community organizations and advocacy
group leaders to understand the unique health needs of different genders and to develop programs
and services that meet those needs.

Outcome 2: Healthy choices and behavior enabled

Enabling healthy choices entails improving health literacy, which starts in the early learning stages
of children. Schools are in a unique position to promote healthy behaviors, inculcating the children
and adolescents on the skills to make appropriate and better choices.

Health promotion and education both aim to improve access to health-related information and
services to give people more control over their health, well-being, and quality of life.

Increase health literacy

The POPCOM-X, DepEd-X, DOH CHD-NM, LGUs, and other stakeholders will intensify health
literacy and education to include sex education and values formation in basic and higher
education. Social media, television, print media, and other platforms will be used to deepen
advocacy for health literacy and well-being including mental health; raise awareness on teenage
pregnancies and the need for modern family planning methods; and advocate against illegal drugs.
Increasing health literacy also helps patients set telemedicine appointments and find credible
online resources to get information on various health concerns.

Promotion and advocacy activities relating to health literacy in the region will be coursed through
the Regional Development Council-Region X Regional Communications and Advocacy
Committee of Northern Mindanao (RDC-X ComAd) for a whole-of-society approach in its
implementation. The Philippine Information Agency Region X and tri-media partners will also be
tapped to promote information and education campaign (IEC) materials through various social
platforms.

Promote appropriate health-seeking behavior

Individuals with higher health-seeking behavior tend to have better health literacy. Hence, there is
a need for the DOH CHD-NM, LGUs, private sector partners, and other stakeholders to intensify
IEC toward behavioral shift in the various health programs in the region, especially vaccination
for COVID-19.
The key strategies of POPCOM-X to address gaps in family planning and the persistent high
incidence of teenage pregnancy in the region include intensifying and promoting programs on
Responsible Parenthood and Family Planning, Adolescent and Youth Reproductive Health, and
Comprehensive Sexual Education.

LGUs will also ensure adequate supply of family planning (FP) commodities in their respective
areas. Barangay volunteers will resupply these commodities to current acceptors to ensure that FP
needs are met.

To further address teenage pregnancy issues, the DSWD-X, in partnership with POPCOM-X will
continue to cascade, implement, and monitor the Memorandum of Agreement on the SPPAMC
to the LGUs. Said MOA articulates the commitment of the agencies in undertaking activities to
address teenage pregnancy issues. The SPPAMC also outlines the activities toward attaining the
program’s objectives, including data gathering and research, mobilization, sharing and exchange
of databases, and advocacy campaigns.

Outcome 3: Access, quality, and efficiency of healthcare improved

The government’s strategies and development interventions to improve access, quality, and
efficiency of healthcare services delivery include: 1) strengthening maternal, infant, and child care;
2) intensifying programs to prevent communicable diseases; 3) securing sustainable and equitable
distribution of health infrastructure, logistics, and human resources; 4) improving local HRH
workforce by providing competitive compensation, benefits, and incentives; 5) ensuring
continuity of healthcare services during emergencies; 6) ensuring social health insurance; and
7) increasing healthcare services for vulnerable groups.

Strengthen Maternal Child Health and Mother-Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative

(MBFHI)

The National Safe Motherhood Program is a key initiative for improving maternal and child
health. It safeguards the health and well-being of women during their pregnancy and aims to
provide Filipino women with quality healthcare to have safe pregnancy and delivery. It also
prioritizes adolescent pregnancy prevention, and in meeting women's unmet needs for family
planning contraception.
To support breastfeeding mothers and protect their right to nourish their babies, health and non-
health facilities, establishments, or institutions in the region will provide lactation stations or areas
in the workplace or public places, such as schools, public transportation terminals, and shopping
malls, where nursing mothers can wash up, breastfeed, or express their milk comfortably.

The Tutok Kainan-Dietary Supplementation Program of the National Nutrition Council provides
nutritionally at-risk pregnant women and 6-23 months old children with nutritional supplements
and meals for proper nutrition (See Subchapter 6.1).

Other priority strategies include the strengthening of capacity-building activities on health services
delivery; intensifying nutrition literacy at the barangay level to ensure that infants and children
under five years old are provided with the basic nutritional requirements (See Subchapter 6.1);
establishing birthing centers in all barangay health stations, healthcare facilities with properly
trained personnel, and fully functional One Hospital Command Center; and formulating tools to
identify newborns and children with special needs.

Intensify programs to prevent communicable diseases

The regional line agencies and LGUs play important roles in preventing and controlling the
transmission of various communicable diseases. To reduce HIV cases and prevalence rates of
infectious diseases, the DOH CHD-NM and LGUs will: 1) intensify the conduct of capacity-
building activities to reduce HIV prevalence; 2) increase support for the Malaria Control and
Elimination Program; 3) strengthen the National Tuberculosis Program; and 4) enable
mechanisms for implementing the Dengue Prevention and Control Program.

Secure sustainable and equitable distribution of health infrastructure, logistics, and

human resources

Health infrastructure provides the public with resources, services, and facilities to promote good
health and well-being. It also enhances the capacity of health systems in preventing diseases and
in responding to emergencies, chronic diseases, and severe health problems and illnesses. Health
infrastructure is the foundation for public health planning, implementation and delivery, and
monitoring and evaluation (See Chapters 13 and 15).

The following strategies will be pursued to ensure a conducive health infrastructure ecosystem:

 Establish additional regional hospitals;

 Rehabilitate health facilities and provide the needed medical equipment;
  Provide additional medicines and medical supplies;
 Establish additional warehouses and cold chain facilities;
 Establish health stations near learning institutions;
 Implement the Emergency Transport Program and increase procurement of ambulance
and utility vehicles;
 Create specialty hospitals, such as a Kidney and Transplant Institute and Heart Center to
provide accessible and affordable specialized health and medical services without having to
travel to other areas outside Region X;
 Establish a research hospital in Valencia City (the Teodoro N. Pepito Farmers Research
and Medical Center);
 Construct and upgrade hospitals under the following laws:
o First Misamis Oriental General Hospital (RA 11565);
o Northern Mindanao Medical Center Bed Capacity Increase (RA 11716); and
o Northeastern Misamis General Hospital (RA 11721);
 Convert/upgrade provincial hospitals:
o Bukidnon Provincial Medical Hospital;
o Lanao del Norte Provincial Hospital; and
o Misamis Oriental Provincial Hospital;
 Hire permanent specialty doctors to address mental health concerns (e.g., psychologist,
psychiatrist);
 Establish functional adolescent centers/adolescent health-friendly facilities in all provinces
and municipalities;
 Maintain or rehabilitate health facilities and medical equipment; and
 Construct additional molecular laboratories, especially in the province of Bukidnon.

With the Mandanas-Garcia ruling, the LGUs will prioritize the needs of the health sector by
implementing health-related programs and projects given the increased financial resources. This
will guarantee availability and access of health services, especially in poor and lagging areas in the
region.

Improve local HRH workforce by sustaining competitive compensation, and

providing benefits and incentives

The DOH CHD-NM will enhance the working conditions of healthcare professionals. This
includes sustaining competitive salaries and benefits, ensuring a safe and supportive work
environment, and addressing health issues, such as excessive workload and burnout.
The DOH CHD-NM will also provide opportunities for professional development, such as
continuing education and specialized training programs, to help healthcare providers develop their
skills and knowledge, which can ultimately improve the quality of care they provide. Promoting
collaboration and knowledge sharing between healthcare professionals can help address brain
drain. Initiatives like national or international conferences, research partnerships, and exchange
programs can facilitate the exchange and sharing of expertise.

Ensure healthcare services delivery during emergencies

One of the key characteristics of resilient health services is the ability to ensure continuity of
essential health services during emergencies. Explicit support in resilience-building at all levels of
service delivery is required to ensure the safety of health workers and patients and maintain
continuity of routine and essential healthcare in tandem with response efforts to reduce the risks
of major disruptions.

Other strategies include increasing spending on medical infrastructure; pursuing science-based

health directives and measures in the event of a health crisis; enhancing capacities of LGUs to
manage multidimensional risks arising from public health emergencies and disasters;
implementing the Emergency Transport Program and increasing procurement of ambulance and
utility vehicles; improving accessibility and protection of essential medicine and medical
equipment from damage brought by disasters and calamities including climate change impacts;
protecting health personnel by providing timely medical assistance in safe and secure settings;
strengthening disaster surveillance systems to identify risk factors, track disease trends, determine
action items, and target interventions; and integrating health interventions in the Regional and
Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plans (See Chapter 16).

Ensure financial risk protection through social health insurance

The PhilHealth-X will strengthen the NHIP to encourage individuals in the region to register in
the said program. It will also intensify the promotion of the KonSulTa package, which was
launched in December 2020 and increase accredited providers for the people in Northern
Mindanao to enjoy outpatient health services. Said new primary care benefit package aims to
improve the health-seeking behavior of every Filipino through the early detection of diseases.
There is also a need to assess existing health policies to include impact to vulnerable groups and
communities. Likewise, increasing budget allocations to meet requirements for health insurance
programs, especially in the event of a public health emergency, will be prioritized.

Increase healthcare services for vulnerable groups such as persons with disability
and senior citizens

Specific strategies to boost health outcomes for vulnerable groups, particularly among persons with
disability (PWDs) and senior citizens, include providing free and/or low-cost maintenance
medicines; and implementing affordable laboratory expenses/tests for PWDs and senior citizens.

The region will lobby for the passage of policies on providing free hemodialysis and other approved
procedures for vulnerable groups and PWDs and health support to senior citizens and in
strengthening the mandate stipulated in RA 7277 (An Act Providing for the Rehabilitation, Self-
Development, and Self-Reliance of Disabled Person and their Integration into the Mainstream of
Society and for Other Purposes).

Outcome 4: Health systems strengthened

Strengthening health systems is critical to the supply and delivery of quality and affordable primary
health care. A well-functioning health system is built on a reliable unified e-health information
system for ease in the delivery of healthcare services.

Establish and invest in a unified e-health information system in the region and
provide electronic medical records to patients

A unified e-health information system refers to a system designed to manage the region’s
healthcare data. This includes systems that collect, store, manage, and transmit a patient’s EMR.

Health information systems also include those systems that handle data related to the activities of
providers and health organizations. As an integrated effort, these may be leveraged to improve
patient health outcomes, inform health-related research, and influence policy- and decision-
making.

Promote decision-making based on evidence from health research and development

Putting a premium on the region’s healthcare services also includes the prioritization of fund
allocation for health R&D, innovation, and technology to be channeled to the Department of
Science and Technology Region X. This will help in the early detection, identification, surveillance,
and prevention of new and emerging infectious diseases. Hence, strengthening health research
capacity, and enabling an environment for research through the creation of norms and standards
for good research practice. This is to leverage data in improving health systems and translating
into evidence-informed policies (See Chapter 10).

Outcome 5: COVID-19 managed

Despite the accomplishments of the region to manage the COVID-19 virus, there is still a need to
sustain preventive measures to ensure public health and safety through adequate supply of booster
doses and incentive programs.

Sustain adequate supply of COVID-19 booster doses and develop incentive programs
for increased public safety

The DOH CHD-NM and LGUs will sustain efforts for managing COVID-19, particularly in
providing adequate supply of vaccine booster doses. This will be in partnership with the academe,
private sector, and other stakeholders through focused advocacy and incentive programs to various
target groups.

LGUs will also continue to enact policies and ordinances that encourage individuals to get booster
doses, especially for areas with low immunization coverage. To safely resume face-to-face classes
and fully reopen the economy in the region, the government will intensify the promotion and
advocacy of COVID-19 vaccination through IEC and behavioral change campaign strategies on
the benefits of vaccination. The private sector will also be encouraged to continue implementing
incentive programs for vaccinated and boosted individuals.
Legislative Agenda
RESPOBNSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
AGENCIES
Upgrading of the Misamis The MOPH, with a 50-bed capacity, is the only government Department of Health
Oriental Provincial Hospital hospital in Gingoog City and the core referral hospital of the (DOH), Local
(MOPH) in Gingoog City, Gingoog Bay Alliance Inter- Local Health Zone. Government Unit
Misamis Oriental into a Level (LGU)-Gingoog City
II Regional Hospital to be The bill seeks to upgrade the MOPH into a Level II regional
known as the Gingoog hospital to be known as the Gingoog Medical Center and to
Regional Medical Center (See increase its capacity from 50 to 250 beds. It also requires
Chapter 13) increasing the existing workforce, including doctors, nurses,
and support personnel.
Convert/upgrade provincial The proposal aims to convert the following provincial DOH, LGU-Lanao del
hospitals hospitals in the region from Level II to Level III: Norte, LGU-Bukidnon
(See Chapter 13)  Lanao del Norte Provincial Hospital; and
 Bukidnon Provincial Medical Center.

The primary purpose of the conversion of said hospitals is

to upgrade its existing facilities, increase bed capacity, and
improve health services to cater to the needs of the people
of Lanao del Norte and Bukidnon.
Providing for the This bill intends to establish a mental health center in every DOH
establishment of a mental region that is accessible to every Filipino and promote
health center in every region mental health and well-being. This measure also affirms
that part of the healthcare priority of the government is
promoting better mental health.
Establishing a specialty The bill seeks to establish a specialty hospital that address LGU-Valencia City, DOH,
research hospital in Valencia health concerns of farmers, especially those who suffer Department of
City from diseases common and unique to people in their line of Agriculture, Research
work. Institute for Tropical
Medicine
Establishment of specialty This measure aims to provide accessible and affordable LGU-Gingoog City, LGU-
hospitals in Northern specialized health and medical services for the region, Cagayan de Oro City,
Mindanao eliminating the need to travel to other areas through the LGU-Lanao del Sur,
establishment of the following: DOH
 Cardiovascular, Eye Care, Renal Care and Transplant
Services, Orthopedic Center, Physical Rehabilitation
Medicine, Toxicology, Cancer Care, Infectious
Disease and Tropical Medicine and Geriatric Care
Center, and Mental Health, Neonatal Health, Burn
and Trauma Center in NMMC, Cagayan de Oro City;
 Kidney and Transplant Institute and Heart Center in
Gingoog City; and
 RESPOBNSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
AGENCIES
 7-Storey Multi-Specialty Centers and 3-Storey Lead
Blood Service Facility at Amai Pakpak Medical
Center, Marawi, Lanao del Sur.

Research Agenda
RESPONSIBLE
RESEARCH AGENDA RATIONALE
AGENCIES
Assessment of the mental Assess the region’s mental health services and identify DOH, Private and
healthcare system strategies for integration in all healthcare services including Public Hospitals
primary level care.

Assessment on mental Assess the situation of the youth in terms of mental health DOH, DepEd, PMHA
health concerns among concerns emanating from social and economic issues, such as
the youth cyberbullying and domestic abuse/violence.

Transitioning into Identify the advantages and disadvantages of transitioning to DOH

Telehealth: Its Advantages telehealth and e-health services and from conventional face-
and Disadvantages to-face consultation and remote access to health support. This
may serve as a key strategy in responding to future pandemics.

Assessment of existing Assessing existing health care services is an essential step DOH
health services and towards developing effective and efficient interventions for
programs for various various diseases.
diseases
A study can be conducted to assess existing health care
services and identify gaps that need to be addressed to
strengthen interventions for different diseases.

Impacts of the Magna Review and ensure compliance with the law to properly DOH
Carta of Public Health compensate health workers, which will later translate into the
Workers in the Delivery of delivery of improved quality health services.
Quality Health Services
Results Matrix (Core Indicators)
ANNUAL TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
END OF
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCYa/
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
TARGET
ENTITYb
Subchapter 4.1: Boost Health
Outcome 1: Social determinants of health improved
Proportion of HH 95.0 98.0 98.4 98.8 99 99.4 99.8 99.8 Field Health PSA, DOH, DILG,
with access to (2020) Service LWUA
basic safe water Information
supply and using System
safely managed (FHSIS),
drinking water Annual Poverty
services (%) 34 Indicators
Survey (APIS)
Percentage of No previous 10% of 20 30 40 50 60 60 Program Data DOH CHD-NM
targeted data communit
communities, ies
schools, and schools,
workplaces and
recognized as workplace
Healthy Settings s
increased (%) 35 recognize
d
as Healthy
Settings
Outcome 2: Healthy choices and behavior enabled
Percentage of No data yet 32% 10 39 46 53 59 66 66 Program Data DOH CHD-NM
Filipinos with 36
of
functional health Filipinos
literacy increased with
(%) 9 functional
Health
Literacy
Total fertility rate 2.08 2.03 2.01 2.01 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 National POPCOM-X,
decreased (%) (2020) Demographic DOH CHD-NM,
and Health LGUs
Survey (NDHS)
Unmet need for 2.32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 NDHS POPCOM-X,
family planning (2020) DOH CHD-NM,
reduced (%) LGUs

Adolescent birth 44.3 (2020) 36 32.4 29 27 25 22 22 NDHS POPCOM-X,

rate (aged 15-19 DOH CHD-NM,
years) per 1,000 LGUs
women in that
age group
reduced
Adolescent birth 6 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 NDHS POPCOM-X,
rate (2020) DOH CHD-NM,
(aged 10-14 years LGUs
old) per 10,000
female in that
age group
reduced
Outcome 3: Access, quality, and efficiency of healthcare improved
Maternal 81 69 68 67 66 65 64 64 FHSIS DOH CHD-NM
mortality ratio (2021)
decreased (per
100,000 livebirths)
Infant mortality 9.96 8.6 8.4 8.1 7.9 7.7 7.5 7.5 FHSIS, NDHS DOH CHD-NM,
rate decreased (2021) PSA
(per 1,000
livebirths)
 ANNUAL TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
END OF
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCYa/
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
TARGET
ENTITYb
Under five 13.78 11 10.5 10 9 8 7 7 FHSIS, NDHS DOH CHD-NM,
mortality rate (2021) PSA
decreased (per
1,000 livebirths)
Number of newly 350 444 471 38 462 443 415 377 377 Program data DOH CHD-NM
diagnosed HIV (2021) (11% of (10% of (9% of (8% of (7% of (6% of (6% of
cases decreased 4,034) 4,707) 5,130) 5,540) 5,927) 6,282) 6,282)
37

Malaria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Program data DOH CHD-NM

prevalence (2020)
sustained at zero
per 100,000
population
Malaria morbidity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Program data DOH CHD-NM
rate sustained at (2020)
zero per 100,000
population
Tuberculosis 15 15 14 12 10 8 6 6 Program data DOH CHD-NM
mortality rate (2021)
decreased (per
100,000
population)
Tuberculosis 258 174 149 124 99 74 49 49 Program data DOH CHD-NM
incidence (2020)
decreased (per
100,000
population)
Standard hospital (2021) Program Data DOH CHD-NM,
bed-to- LGUs, Private
population ratio Hospitals
attained
(1:1,000)
Level 1 1:2,368 1:2,200 1:2,100 1:2,000 1:1,900 1:1,800 1:1,700 1:1,700
Level 2 1:1,721 1:1,600 1:1,500 1:1,400 1:1,300 1:1,200 1:1,100 1:1,100
Level 3 1:7,063 1:6,950 1:6,900 1:6,850 1:6,800 1:6,750 1:6,700 1:6,700
Standard health (2020) Program Data DOH CHD-NM
manpower to
population ratio
attained 39
Physician 1:28,998 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000
(1:20,000)
Nurse 1:5,667 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:10,000
(1:10,000)
Midwife 1:2,749 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:5,000
(1:5,000)
National Health 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Corporate PHIC-10
Insurance (2022) Planning
Program (CorPlan) and
Coverage Rate Member
sustained at 100% Management
Group (MMG)
Central Office
(CO)
National Health 90.97 92.0 93.0 93.5 94.0 94.5 95.0 95.0 CorPlan, MMG PHIC-10
Insurance (2022) (CO)
Program
Registration Rate
increased (%)
 ANNUAL TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
END OF
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCYa/
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
TARGET
ENTITYb
Outcome 4: Health systems strengthened
Percentage of 20 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Program Data DOH CHD-NM
health facilities (2021)
that have
functioning EMR
systems and
regularly submit
data increased/
sustained (%)
Percentage of 50 60 65 70 75 80 100 100 Program Data DOH CHD-NM
functional (2021)
regional and local
Epidemiology and
Surveillance Units
increased (%)
Outcome 5: COVID-19 managed
COVID-19 cases (2022) Decreasin Decreasin Decreasin Decreasin Decreasin Decreasin Decreasi Program Data DOH CHD-NM
g from g year-on- g year-on- g year-on- g year-on- g year-on- ng year-
Confirmed 107,984
baseline year year year year year on-year
Deaths 3,694 figure
COVID-19 (2022) Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasin Program Data DOH CHD-NM
Vaccination from year-on- year-on- year-on- year-on- year-on- g year-
Accomplishment baseline year year year year year on-year
(%) figure
Full
91.87
Vaccinated
1st Booster
28.55
Vax
2nd Booster
14.54
Vax
a/
Agency accountable for delivering the outputs/achievement of outcome
b/
Lead agency responsible for reporting progress on indicator targets
Major and Catalytic Programs and Projects40
The strategies to boost health in the region will be translated into the following major programs
and projects, ensuring equitable and universal access to quality healthcare:

 Construction of a Regional Mental Health Center;

 Conversion/upgrading of hospitals:
o Northern Mindanao Medical Center (additional 1,200 beds);
o Misamis Oriental Provincial Hospital (MOPH) in Gingoog City;
o Medina Extension Hospital into the First Misamis Oriental General Hospital;
o Bukidnon Provincial Medical Hospital from Level II to Level III; and
o Lanao del Norte Provincial Hospital from Level II to Level III.
 Construction, Expansion, Repair and Renovation of Hospital Building in First Misamis
Oriental General Hospital;
 Renovation and Upgrading of Camiguin General Hospital Clinical Laboratory to Tertiary
Level;
 Construction of Hospital Building for Private Rooms and Wards in Mayor Hilarion A.
Ramiro Sr. Medical Center;
 Provision of Infrastructure and Equipment for the Specialty Centers (Mental Health,
Neonatal Health, Burn and Trauma Center) in Northern Mindanao Medical Center
 Construction of specialty hospitals:
o Cardiovascular, Eye Care, Renal Care and Transplant Services, Orthopedic
Center, Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, Toxicology, Cancer Care, Infectious
Disease and Tropical Medicine and Geriatric Care Center in NMMC, Cagayan de
Oro City;
o Kidney and Transplant Institute and Heart Center in Gingoog City;
o Research Hospital - The Teodoro N. Pepito Farmers Research and Medical Center
in Valencia City; and
o 7-Storey Multi-Specialty Centers and 3-Storey Lead Blood Service Facility in Amai
Pakpak Medical Center, Marawi, Lanao del Sur.
Subchapter 4.2 Improve Education and
Lifelong Learning
In raising the quality of education and ensuring the achievement of desired learning competencies,
Filipino learners in Northern Mindanao will have improved access to quality lifelong learning
opportunities that contribute to socioeconomic transformation. To provide balance, good manners
and right conduct41 will be institutionalized to instill, good manners, values, patriotism, and love of
country among learners.

With the world reeling from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, learning innovations and reforms will
be developed and instituted. The education sector will continue to implement strategies, programs,
and projects to achieve the required 21st century learning skills and competencies.

Assessment and Challenges

Early childhood learning was intensified through child development centers and supervised
neighborhood play centers. The regional implementation of the Early Childhood Care
Development (ECCD) program provided holistic development through health care and nutrition,
protection from harm and a sense of security, opportunities for early learning, and responsive
caregiving. It includes the implementation of subprograms for school-based feeding, and milk
feeding and supplemental feeding at ECCD centers.

In 2021, a total of 131,153 children ages 3 to 5 years old were enrolled in 3,551 child development
centers (formerly called day care centers) and supervised neighborhood play centers, both
managed by LGUs in Region X. However, all42 child development workers in the region have no
security of tenure and do not receive social benefits, hazard pay, and overtime pay, among others.

The 2018 National Achievement Test results of Region X learners were alarming. Basic
education learners in elementary and secondary levels from both public and private schools in
Region X performed poorly in School Year (SY) 2017-2018 National Achievement Test (NAT)
(Table 4.2.1). Majority of the Grade 6, 10, and 12 students who took the NAT were “Low Proficient”
at 76.64 percent, 61.16 percent, and 77.74 percent, respectively. “Low Proficient” are students that
scored between 25 to 49 percent. Very few students were “Proficient” and none were “Highly
Proficient.”
 Proficiency Level Grades 6a (%) Grades 10b (%) Grades 12c (%)

Highly Proficient 0.00 0.00 0.00

Proficient (75%-89%) 0.26 1.59 0.00

Nearly Proficient (50%-74%) 11.60 34.33 13.05

Low Proficient (25%-49%) 76.64 61.16 77.74

Not Proficient (0%-24%) 11.50 2.92 9.21

Note: a 37,651 Grade 6 takers; b 23,000 Grade 10 takers; c 26,749 Grade 12 takers
Source: Department of Education Region X

In 2020, the RDC-X commissioned a study on “Multidimensional Analysis of Determinants in the

Academic Achievement of Basic Education Learners in Northern Mindanao: Its Implication to
Higher Education Institutions.” Said study identified several gaps and challenges in the
implementation of the K to 12 program, as follows:

 irresponsive curriculum to the learners’ needs;

 excessive academic load on students and lack of lessons in the real-life context;
 congested curriculum, where numerous learning competencies are expected to be
developed among learners and not focused on the most essential competencies;
 lack of teachers with appropriate specialization, and work overload limits the optimization
of learning;
 lack of facilities and assessment centers, especially in the Technical-Vocational and
Livelihood (TVL) track;
 difficulties in the use of Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education at the primary level,
which created barriers in learning subject matters delivered in English; and
 low literacy and reading competencies of learners.

This study also revealed that there are learners in basic education who are non-readers while others
are frustration level readers or those who can recognize some words but lack the ability to
comprehend what they are reading. The teachers themselves consider learner’s poor reading ability
and comprehension as the primary challenges in the implementation of K to 12 program. If reading
is not mastered, the learner will have difficulty developing other thinking skills.
Education continued despite prolonged lockdowns because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
At the height of the pandemic in 2020, all schools in the region were closed temporarily, while
57 private schools had to close permanently43 due to low enrolment and transfer of school teachers
and learners to public schools. With the rise of COVID-19 cases and health threats, several parents
chose not to enroll their children, particularly in Grades 1 to 3. Learning losses44 among students
are the glaring impact of the pandemic that are expected to result in long-term effects on well-
being and loss of productivity over the next few years.

In SY 2021-2022, drop-out rates for the elementary (3.53%) and junior high school (5.87%) levels
increased compared to the previous school year by 0.76 and 1.80 percentage points, respectively.
For 15- to 18-year-old learners under the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program,45 drop-out was
caused either by child labor, adolescent pregnancy, or distant schools.

In the same school year, the number of students enrolled under the Alternative Learning System
(ALS)46 program were five percent higher compared to previous year with a total of 47,689
students. Around 51 percent or 24,357 ALS students completed in the same year.

With the easing of restrictions and lowering of COVID-19 cases in 2021, the government approved
the conduct of limited face-to-face classes in selected programs/courses for higher education
institutions (HEIs), as well as, in primary and secondary schools in minimal-risk areas. The
government also implemented a blended distance learning modality in both public and private
schools for SY 2021-2022, which gave students the flexibility to select from various options. About
80 percent of the total number of learners in basic education opted to enroll under the Modular
Distance Learning47 modality, while the rest of the learners chose other modalities including online
distance learning, radio-television based instruction, blended learning (combination of modular
and other distance learning modalities), and homeschooling (alternative delivery model).

The shift to flexible learning required adjustment measures to reskill teachers on online teaching
and re-orient parents and guardians toward homeschooling, distance education, and other modes
of learning. The demand for strong internet connectivity required increased investments in digital
infrastructure and mass procurement of gadgets to ensure learning continuity.

The pandemic brought to the surface mental health concerns among learners in the region. In SY
2021-2022, the Department of Education Region X (DepEd-X) recorded 60 mental health cases, of
which 55 percent are female and 45 percent are male. This included cases of suicide, attempted
suicide, social anxiety, depression, autism spectrum, agoraphobia,48 and Tourette syndrome.49
Other issues, which include rampant bullying and recruitment by left-leaning organizations were
also reported in schools. Further, some learners were observed to have poor manners.50

Limited school facilities and resources hampered quality of learning. Aside from the impacts of
COVID-19 pandemic, there were other disruptions to learning experienced in the region. These
include congested classrooms, laboratories, and other school facilities, and lack of
equipment/facilities for the TVL track for senior high school, and shortage of specialized teachers
for TVL programs.

In 2021, a total of 3,595 learners in the public elementary and secondary levels were enrolled in the
Special Education Centers. However, their education was hindered by the lack of trained teachers
and facilities for learners with special needs.51 This makes it difficult to accept persons with
disability (PWD) learners, especially at the tertiary level. The lack of medical experts to assess
children with special needs in the region is also among the challenges identified.

Since 2020, there are 18 schools in the region considered as Last Mile Schools52 with the province
of Misamis Occidental having the most number (6). In 2017, the DepEd Computerization Program
(DCP) distributed 155 E-classroom Packages to un-energized Last Mile Schools in Northern
Mindanao. Each package contained one laptop, seven 2-in-1 tablet computers, and a solar power
system.

As of 18 June 2021, the region has established 103 schools in areas classified as timberland. These
schools were made to operate by virtue of agreements between DepEd-X and the LGUs. Some of
these schools were established since 1976 (e.g., Kirapan Elementary School and Sultan Naga
Dimaporo in Lanao del Norte), and until this time no title for the school site has been issued under
the name of DepEd. The issuance of title will allow the DepEd and other stakeholders to construct
infrastructure projects within the school site, confident that DepEd has ownership over the land.

The location of schools in timberland precludes the issuance of title of a school site duly
documented as DepEd property through a title or evidence of ownership or Deed of Donation or
Contract of Usufruct. Hence, said schools cannot be granted resources such as personnel services,
maintenance and other operating expenses, and capital outlay, specifically from the DepEd.

Higher education enrolment has increased. With the easing of pandemic restrictions, enrolment
in HEIs for Academic Year (AY) 2021-2022 increased by 23 percent to 216,911. Both state
universities and colleges (SUCs)/local universities and colleges (LUCs) and private HEIs in the
region recorded increases in enrolment by 27 percent and 18 percent, respectively. This can be
attributed to the availability of scholarship grants under the Unified Financial Assistance System
for Tertiary Education (UniFAST) program.

In Region X, a total of 146,666 students were awarded scholarship grants in 2021 under the
government programs on Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education including Free Higher
Education, Tertiary Education Subsidy (TES), and Tulong Dunong Program. This represented an
overall increase of 18 percent from the previous year’s 134,757 grantees, despite a decline of
17.5 percent from the 2020 figure. Beneficiaries of these programs experienced delays in the release
of scholarship funds.

The Northern Mindanao Regional Priority Programs and Courses for Higher Education
2022-202653 guides qualified applicants for scholarship financial assistance in both public and
private schools offering recognized/authorized undergraduate priority programs. Enhancing
access to higher education scholarship programs increases the opportunity to expand the number
of graduates along emerging fields such as health, digitalization, information and communications
technology, and science, technology, and innovation (STI), among others.

The list of programs and disciplines include: a) Science and Mathematics; b) Information
Technology Education; c) Engineering and Technology; d) Architecture and Related Programs;
e) Business and Management; f) Health Profession Education; g) Maritime Education; h) Social
Sciences; i) Teacher Education; j) Communications; k) Environmental Studies; and l) Other
Disciplines.

Performance of HEIs has improved. Three universities in the region were among the 16 HEIs
from the Philippines included in the 2023 Quacquarelli Symonds Asia University Rankings,54
released on 8 November 2022. These are Mindanao State University (MSU)–Iligan Institute of
Technology (IIT), Xavier University (XU), and Central Mindanao University (CMU).

The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Memorandum Order No. 15 (s. 2016), which has
been extended as of 31 December 2022, recognized 16 Centers of Excellence (COE)55 and
33 Centers of Development (COD)56 programs in the region. The HEIs with COD and COE
include Cagayan de Oro College, Capitol University, CMU, Liceo de Cagayan University, MSU-
IIT, MSU-Naawan, Misamis University, University of Science and Technology of Southern
Philippines-Cagayan de Oro and Claveria Campuses, and XU (See Annex U).
The 14,303 higher education graduates in AY 2021-2022 in the region are expected to lead,
compete, and excel in the 21st-century global knowledge economy, with 194 graduates engaged in
original research or creative work. There were 207 curricula and programs developed or revised
based on multi-disciplinal platforms that foster 21st century competency.

Across all disciplines, licensure examination for overall takers in the region in 2021 showed
50.41 percent passing rate, higher than the national average of 48 percent. The passing rates of the
Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) were at 72.91 percent for elementary and 67.74 percent
for secondary levels.

The role of HEIs in research and development, innovation, and extension services was
strengthened. Researches for policy recommendations and STI were conducted by students and
faculty as requirement for higher education programs/courses’ policies, standards, and guidelines.
The RDC-X Regional Research, Development and Innovation Committee and various research
consortia harmonized and provided strategic policy directions on research and development
(R&D) activities in the region. However, there is limited R&D funding for private and public HEIs
for the conduct of regional studies/researches. Existing institutions that provide funding have
onerous requirements that are difficult to comply with, especially for students.

Technical and vocational training programs were implemented to address labor market
demands. The TESDA Abot Lahat policy direction reached out to and served new partners and
clients in transforming and improving lives, despite challenges from the pandemic. In 2021, 77,174
youth and adults participated in Technical-Vocational Education and Training (TVET) programs,
an increase of 30 percent from 2020. Flexible learning delivery was implemented during
COVID-19 pandemic with the provision of support to technical-vocational institutions (TVIs) and
other service providers.

The proportion of scholars to TVET graduates improved to 17 percent in 2021 from 13 percent in
2020. However, TVET scholarships are limited to the following priority sectors: a) agriculture;
b) construction; c) electronics; d) health and wellness; e) information technology and business
process management (IT-BPM); f) manufacturing; g) tourism; and h) transportation,
communications, and logistics.

Training programs were also provided to address the main sectors of the Fourth Industrial
Revolution (4IR),57 including robotics and automation (artificial intelligence), future
transportation, cloud computing, cyber security, genomics, social media, blockchain, and
augmented and virtual reality. Among the initially identified higher level TVET qualifications
under the 4IR, eight are already being offered in the region. These include 2D Animation National
Certificate (NC) Level III, Commercial Cooking NC III,58 Electrical Installation and Maintenance
NC III, Food and Beverage Services NC IV,59 Mechatronics Servicing NC III, Mechatronics
Servicing NC III, RAC Servicing (PACU-CRE) NC III and Visual Graphic Design NC III (See
Chapter 5).

The academe-industry-government collaboration was strengthened as a strategy to accelerate

human development. The private sector, civil society, and non-government organizations play
key roles in improving education and lifelong learning toward socioeconomic transformation, and
attaining inclusive and continued learning in the region through a whole-of-society approach.

In 2018, the Academe-Industry-Government Convergence for Human Resource Development in

Region X provided a venue for industry leaders, the academe, TVIs, and government agencies to
discuss human development issues in the region, propose corresponding priority interventions,
and strengthen linkages among stakeholders.

In ensuring learning continuity, a Basic Education Partnership Forum was conducted in 2020 to
generate commitments of support from the business sector, civic groups, and LGUs. Radio and
television networks provided their support by airing lessons and other advocacy promotion
activities.

Strategy Framework
Promoting human capital development and ensuring transformative lifelong learning will be
pursued with the support of the private sector and other stakeholders. The strategy framework (See
Figure 4.2.1) is anchored on attaining lifelong learning opportunities for all by future-ready
proofing of basic education, increasing global competitiveness of TVET and higher education, and
improving human capital through good governance.
Strategies
The strategies are aligned with the RDP chapters on strengthening social protection (See
Subchapter 6.2); modernizing agriculture (See Chapter 7); revitalizing industry (See Chapter 8);
reinvigorating services (See Chapter 9); advancing R&D, technology, and innovation (See Chapter
10); promoting trade and investments (See Chapter 11); expanding and upgrading ICT
infrastructure (See Chapter 13); practicing good governance and improving bureaucratic and
regulatory efficiency (See Chapter 15); and accelerating climate action and strengthening disaster
resilience (See Chapter 16).

These strategies are anchored on SDG 4, “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and
promote lifelong learning opportunities for all,” as countries expressed commitment with a sense
of urgency to a single, renewed education agenda that is “holistic, ambitious, aspirational, and
leaving no one behind.”60

Outcome 1: Quality, inclusive, adaptive, resilient, and future-ready

basic education for all achieved
In achieving quality, inclusive, adaptive, resilient, and future-ready basic education for all, the
strategies will focus on providing a full range of health, nutrition, early education, and social
services programs that respond to the holistic needs of young children; promoting catch-up and
learning loss recovery programs to reduce, if not reverse, the negative impact of prolonged distance
learning; improving classroom instruction through multimedia approach for inclusion in
learning materials for all subject areas to help both teachers and learners; reskilling and upgrading
targeted skills and improving competencies of teachers required in implementing the K to 12
curricula; assessing training needs of teachers to address the limitations in terms of subject
knowledge, experience or specialization, and teachers’ teaching competencies; engaging
stakeholders for support and collaboration, including private-public complementarity; and
improving the learning environment through adoption of modern learning spaces.

Enhance Early Childhood Care and Development program implementation

The DepEd-X and DSWD-X, in partnership with LGUs and other stakeholders, will intensify the
tracing and mapping of 3 to 5 year-old learners who need to be enrolled in school. The number of
learners staying in school and finishing the key stages of learning will also be monitored.

The preschool curriculum will be recalibrated focusing on the first 1,000 days of life to enhance
the physical, social, emotional, cognitive, psychological, spiritual, and language development of
young children. The implementation of the ECCD program and school-based feeding programs
will be strengthened (See Chapter 6.1). The coverage of the School-Based Feeding Program, as
mandated by RA 11037, will be expanded to include learners from Grades 7 to 12 to ensure that
proper government interventions are in place for the youth in their formative and adolescent years.

Security of tenure, including social benefits of Child Development Workers, will be pursued in
coordination with the DSWD, DILG, and local government units. Child development workers
play an important role in the promotion of optimum growth and development by assisting in the
provision of a full range of health, nutrition, early education, and social services programs for
young children.

Develop and implement catch-up and recovery programs to address learning losses

Catch-up and learning loss recovery programs will be promoted to reduce, if not reverse, the
negative impact of prolonged distance learning on learning outcomes. Assessment and
enhancement of the basic education curriculum will focus on the most essential learning
competencies (MELCs) to relieve students of overwhelming requirements in their subjects.

All basic education schools are required to formulate a Learning Recovery and Continuity Plan in
addressing learning gaps due to pandemic-related disruptions. The plan is anchored on learning
remediation and intervention, professional development, health, safety, and wellness. All schools
are also directed to come up with reading remediation, intervention, and enhancement programs
for all kinds of readers according to their reading levels. Remedial classes will be intensified using
small size of classes to ensure the effectiveness of learning.

Tracing, mapping, and constant follow-up of learners who dropped out of school will be intensified
by the DepEd-X in collaboration with LGUs, communities, and families. Engagement with
external stakeholders will also be strengthened, especially the sustained involvement of parents in
monitoring and motivating their children’s attendance, and the identification of early-warning
signs of drop-outs to alert teachers, school staff, and parents for interventions. Varied learning
modalities that are relevant to learners’ needs, which could arrest the disengagement of learners
from classes will be provided.

The following strategies will be pursued in schools to address the occurrence of dropouts, mental
health cases, bullying, and recruitment of learners by left-leaning organizations: a) strengthening
guidance and counselling services, which will be provided by licensed/designated guidance
counselors and health and nutrition personnel and eventually refer cases to Provincial Health
Office from the City/Municipal Social Welfare and Development Offices’ psychosocial desks;
b) integrating curriculum and non-curricular61 activities for life-skills development and
psychosocial assessment tools for learners; c) home visitation of selected learners for monitoring
and evaluation of learning and coping performance; and d) utilizing alternative learning modes,
either offline, online or modular classes, for affected learners (See Subchapters 4.1 and 6.2).
Pursuant to RA 11476, or the Good Manners and Right Conduct and Values Education Act, the
DepEd-X will implement good manners and right conduct classes to address the issue of poor
manners and lack of values of students. Integration of values across other learning areas will also
be conducted through meaningful and fun-filled activities.

Ensure access to quality teaching and learning resources, equipment, and facilities

Learning resources include a wide variety of forms and dimensions to improve classroom
instruction. Access to quality learning resources, including digitized materials, will be ensured to
support learning continuity. Likewise, text and multimedia will be included in learning materials
for all subject areas to help both teachers and learners. DepEd-X will make available the printed
materials, mobile, radio, and television-based technologies for areas with limited access to internet
connectivity. Internet connectivity will also be improved particularly in remote areas (See Chapter
13).
Collaboration with LGUs and other partners will be sustained in the provision of classrooms and
school buildings, sanitary toilets, potable water (See Chapter 13), and equipment and facilities for
students, particularly those under the TVL track. Assessment of senior high school TVL graduates
will be fast-tracked through increased access to TESDA-accredited assessment centers and
establishment of additional DepEd assessment centers.

Under RA 11650, creation of the Inclusive Learning Resource Center for Learners62 will ensure
inclusive education for learners with disabilities, thus, no learner shall be denied admission based
on his/her disability. The law further provides that all schools, whether public or private, will
ensure equitable access to quality education to every learner with disability.

Construction of last miles schools will be continued to improve access to education particularly in
municipalities and barangays without schools. Likewise, Rural Farm Schools will be established in
the region, targeting Luyungan High School in Malaybalay City, Bukidnon as the pilot
implementing school. This is pursuant to RA 10618 or the Act Establishing Rural Farm School as
Alternative Delivery Mode of Secondary Education, which aims to empower farmers and learners
by providing access to avenues of learning that are suited to the needs and realities of rural
agricultural communities.

To address the difficulty in establishing schools and construction of classrooms in areas classified
as timberlands, Region X will propose the issuance of a special land use permit for the identified
schools, or any affirmative act allowed by law, that may grant the government, specifically DepEd,
the authority to provide education resources to said areas.

Improve competencies of teachers

The competencies of teachers will be improved by reviewing teachers’ workload, pre- and in-
service teacher training, and adopting new pedagogical practices in coordination with the
DepEd-X, CHED-X, TESDA-X, and other educational institutions. Reskilling and upgrading
targeted skills will be intensified to develop the competencies required in implementing the K to
12 curriculum. Increasing pedagogical content knowledge will also be pursued, particularly on
strategies and programs for teaching reading.

The CHED, in coordination with the HEIs will establish a mechanism to monitor the full
integration of the K to 12 Standards in the Pre-Service Teacher Education Curriculum ensuring
that graduates of Teacher Education programs are adequately prepared to teach K to 12 learners
both in content and pedagogy.
Rationalize workload of teachers

The DepEd-X will review the workload of teachers to allow them to focus on teaching MELCs
rather than the preparation of routinary and administrative tasks. Training needs of teachers will
be assessed to address their limitations in terms of subject knowledge, experience or specialization,
and teaching competencies. Hiring of personnel, including administrative and non-teaching staff,
and providing appropriate trainings will be prioritized to ensure effective and efficient service
delivery.

Strengthen private-public complementarity in the provision of quality basic

education

The DepEd-X will strengthen its engagement with CHED-X, TESDA-X, and other stakeholders to
improve the provision of quality basic education toward achieving the needed learning
competencies. Public-private complementation in the provision of government assistance and
subsidy programs will also be intensified, particularly the Government Assistance to Students and
Teachers in Private Education63 (GATSPE) program. This is implemented through the Private
Education Assistance Committee and entails education service contracting, teachers’ salary
subsidy, senior high school program, in-service training, and research.

Public-private collaboration among stakeholders in the delivery of the following programs will also
be improved: a) Basic Literacy Program; b) Accreditation and Equivalency in Elementary, Junior
High School, Senior High School, and ALS; c) Life Skills Micro-certification Programs;
d) Academic-focused Bridging Program; and e) Financial Education and Literacy Program.

Adopt modern learning spaces

The DepEd-X, CHED-X, TESDA-X and other stakeholders will pursue the following strategies to
improve the learning environment: a) adopting modern learning spaces to emulate the classroom
of the future and ensuring learning continuity amid possible future disruptions; b) providing
health and sanitation facilities in school (See Chapter 13); c) ensuring provision of inclusive,
effective, culturally-responsive, and gender-sensitive education services; d) implementing mental
health and psychosocial programs for learners; and e) providing creative, interactive, and engaging
learning resources for remedial measures.
Outcome 2: Globally competitive and inclusive TVET and higher
education, and improved research output attained
Attaining a globally competitive and inclusive TVET and higher education requires deliberate
implementation of training programs, policies, and regulations that will respond to emerging
needs and the 4IR; increased involvement and participation of industry and private sector players
by ensuring policies, programs, and TVET qualifications are responsive to national and
international labor market needs and demands; implementation of digital technologies and
learning management systems to facilitate adult learning; develop alternative assessment and
certification methods to ensure compliance with defined competency standards; and intensifying
the grant of scholarships to boost learning continuity and reassure the learners of a brighter future.

Improving research output for a broader knowledge economy will focus on optimizing the role of
HEIs along R&D that is geared towards generating, testing, and developing innovation ideas.

Design and implement future-ready TVET and higher education programs

The design and implementation of training programs, policies, and regulations will be improved
to prepare individuals for the 4IR and other emerging trends. Current and future needs will be
closely monitored and anticipated in order to manage the future of work.64

Through regular assessment and consultation by TESDA-X, TVET scholarship priority sectors65
will be expanded based on the needs of regional and local industries. TVET course offerings will
also integrate agri-entrepreneurship in preparing individuals for employment and personal
growth, apart from providing support to the agriculture sector.

The CHED-X will continue to monitor the implementation of higher education programs and
courses to ascertain compliance of HEIs with regulations, policies, standards, and guidelines. Both
public and private HEIs will be encouraged to accredit their curricular programs for quality
assurance toward accelerating human capital development.

Curriculum, teaching approaches, and methodologies of all higher education programs will be
strengthened through regular monitoring to ensure compliance with issuances related to
21st century learning such as, but not limited to, implementation of new general education courses,
outcomes-based education, and quality assurance framework. The curriculum of agriculture
courses will also be improved to integrate smart agricultural practices and technologies.
The alignment of trainings and course offerings will also ensure the achievement of desired
outcomes and competencies required by current and emerging demands of the labor market.
These updated curricula and course and program offerings will help in addressing the
requirements of Key Employment Generators based on the 2022 Northern Mindanao JobsFit
Labor Market Information Report66 and TESDA’s Regional Priority Skills.

Increase involvement/participation of industry and private sector in TVET

The involvement and participation of industry and the private sector will be intensified in ensuring
that policies, programs, and TVET qualifications are responsive to national and international labor
market needs and demands. Collaborative and partnership mechanisms with the private sector
and other industries will be sustained and improved, particularly in the provision of hands-on
experience, facilities and equipment, job immersion, and actual employment.

Enterprise-based programs will be improved in close partnership with concerned companies/firms

to improve workforce job-readiness. These training programs will include apprenticeship,
learnership, and dual training system. The government will continue providing equitable access to
the four TVET program modalities, namely, a) school-based; b) center-based; c) enterprise-based;
and d) community-based.

Implement online and blended learning modalities

The conduct of classes for basic, higher, and technical-vocational education using online platforms
and blended modalities will be improved to sustain learning continuity and facilitate acquisition
of required skills and competencies. For basic education, DepEd-X will ensure the availability of
printed materials and mobile, radio, and television-based technologies for areas with limited access
to internet connectivity. Digital technologies and learning management systems will also be used
to facilitate adult learning. To support these, internet connectivity will be improved, particularly
in remote areas (See Chapter 13).

Improve student support to ensure student success

The implementation of RA 10931 or the Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act will
be expanded to cover more beneficiaries, ensuring the availability of quality tertiary education with
free tuition and other school fees in state and local universities and colleges and state-run TVIs.
The TES, Student Loan Program, and UniFAST will continue to boost learning continuity and
reassure learners of a brighter future. Provision of scholarships will be increased to include those
in the Convergence Areas for Peace and Development (CAPDev) focus barangays, which are
poverty-stricken, conflict-affected, and geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas.

Access to scholarship grants for the TVET sector will also be increased to include the priority
sectors and skills identified in the 2022 Northern Mindanao JobsFit Labor Market Information
Report and TESDA’s Regional Priority Skills and the 4IR (See Chapter 5). Tulong Trabaho
Scholarship Program for retooling and upskilling of workers will be continued, targeting
individuals aged 15 years old and older who are not employed, not in education and not in training,
and employed workers who intend to develop and expand their current skills and trainings.

Optimize the role of universities in research and development and innovation

HEIs in the region will optimize their role as spaces for generating, testing, and developing
innovative ideas to further facilitate the development of enterprises and innovations amid the
pandemic and economic loss.

Embracing R&D and innovation (See Chapter 10) in education promotes critical thinking, a sense
of excitement in experimenting, and an openness to adapt. It provides students with the necessary
tools to tackle the challenges of future workplaces and provides confidence and skills in adapting
to changes. Hence, platforms for researchers to pitch ideas will be expanded in coordination with
the academe and industries.

The government will also expand the provision of scholarship and grants to encourage graduate
students, research staff, and faculty in pursuing basic and applied research. Decentralization of
research funds is proposed for easy access and to facilitate prioritization of studies at the sub-
national levels. Further, capacity development on packaging proposals will be conducted.

Outcome 3: Governance for human capital development improved

In improving governance for human capital development, all education institutions will assess and
monitor students’ competencies across all levels; develop and improve learning materials in line
with international standards and trends; and adopt a whole-of-society approach through stronger
government-academe-industry collaboration to ensure alignment of competencies with labor
requirements.
Harmonize the tri-focalized system of education for lifelong learning

The administration of the tri-focalized education system is shared by three agencies responsible
for each education level: DepEd for basic education, CHED for higher education, and TESDA for
technical-vocational education and training. The DepEd will continue to review the K to 12
curriculum toward achieving learning competencies and life skills.

Likewise, the senior high school curriculum, particularly the technical-vocational-livelihood track,
will be improved in consultation with TESDA-X and the Department of Labor and Employment
Region X (DOLE-X), among others, to guarantee that graduates will have the required skills to
pass the assessment and certification thereby increasing employability (See Chapter 5). The ALS
will also be strengthened for out-of-school youth and adults to complete basic education study.

The CHED-X, TESDA-X, DepEd-X, DOLE-X, and other relevant institutions, will provide the
platform for learning exchange and implement standards for qualification outcomes that are
competency-based, labor market-driven, and assessment-based qualification recognition (See
Chapter 5).

The harmonization of educational policies and programs will further put in place a standard
Philippine Qualifications Framework and mainstream the qualifications offered in TVET and
HEIs to improve curriculum, trainees/trainers, and other processes.

Ensure assessment and monitoring on the progress of students’ competencies across

all levels

All education institutions, in coordination with concerned agencies, will sustain the assessment
and monitoring of students’ competencies across all levels. These assessment tools include,
among others, the NAT, Programme for International Student Assessment, competency-based
assessment, and the licensure exams facilitated by the Professional Regulation Commission. The
assessment can be done by the school management or third-party organizations, as needed. The
results of the assessment will be the basis for the implementation of appropriate interventions and
more effective instructional strategies.

Certification of competencies will also be pursued to promote the productivity, quality, and global
competitiveness of workers. Alternative assessment and certification methods will be developed
and mainstreamed to ensure compliance with defined competency standards. Schools and TVIs,
including assessors and training facilitators, will continue improving facilities and capacities to
address the needs of students, graduates, workers, industries, and the labor market.
Develop and improve learning materials in line with international standards and
trends

The DepEd-X, CHED-X, TESDA-X, and other development partners will develop and
continuously update and improve learning materials to meet global standards and adapt to recent
and emerging trends. Likewise, review of curriculum at all levels will be pursued, with emphasis
on the MELCs, as well as, integration of culture and values, human rights, peace and conflict-
sensitivity, gender equality and social inclusion, social justice, financial literacy, heritage
conservation, environmental sustainability, climate change, disaster risk reduction and
management, and STI.

The DepEd-X is also gearing up for a significant “catching-up” in the fields of science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Review of the K to 12 program and curricula and conduct
of remedial learning classes will be continued to address students’ low proficiency level in science
and math and their limited understanding of mathematical knowledge, scientific concepts, and
knowledge of foundational science facts.

Strengthen government-academe-industry collaboration to ensure alignment of

competencies and labor requirements

Collaboration among key players will be intensified and sustained to align tertiary and technical-
vocational curricula with the existing and emerging labor demands of industries in the region. This
partnership will further support the delivery of enterprise-based employee training to bolster the
acquisition of micro-credentials.67

In coordination with existing regional development bodies, academe and private school
associations, DOLE-X, TESDA-X, DTI-X, DOST-X, and CHED-X will undertake the following
activities: a) sharing, utilizing expertise, and gaining access to skilled faculty researchers and
providing solutions to problems; b) providing technology solutions and innovations to pressing
industry problems to stimulate industrial growth and development; and c) developing new ideas,
products, and services with practical applications and commercial value.
Legislative Agenda
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE AGENCIES
Review of the K to 12 program It aims to review and revisit the K to 12 program and Department of Education
implementation ensure that its curriculum can make the graduates Region X (DepEd-X)
readily employable, better equipped with critical
thinking and problem-solving skills, and imbued with
the capacities to be productive and active citizens
of the country.

The review of the program will assist the region,

particularly the education agencies, in addressing
learning losses and ensuring the achievement of 21st
century learning competencies.
Expansion of the Government As part of the strategy on public-private DepEd-X
Assistance to Students and Teachers in complementarity, private schools play an important
Private Education to Elementary Level role in providing basic education.

This bill seeks to expand the existing government

assistance for high school students and teachers in
private education from kindergarten up to Grade 6
level.

Said government assistance will help achieve

“education for all” at the elementary and high
school levels in the region.
Expansion of the National Feeding This bill seeks to expand coverage of School-Based DepEd-X, National
Program in secondary schools Feeding Program, as mandated by RA 11037, to Nutrition Council
include learners from Grades 7 to 12. This will Region X
ensure that appropriate government interventions
are in place for the youth in their formative and
adolescent years.

Research Agenda
RESEARCH AGENDA RATIONALE RESPONSIBLE AGENCIES
Review of Executive Order No. 570 The role of education in the attainment of a just, Department of Education
(s. 2006), "Institutionalizing Peace comprehensive, and lasting peace is a paramount Region X (DepEd-X),
Education in Basic Education and concern of the government. Thus, there is a need to Office of the Presidential
Teacher Education" assess mainstreaming and integration of peace Adviser on Peace,
education in the basic formal and non-formal Reconciliation and Unity
education curriculum, and teacher education; and (OPAPRU)
strengthening of linkages with private schools in
promoting peace education, among others.
 RESEARCH AGENDA RATIONALE RESPONSIBLE AGENCIES
Review of Republic Act 10618 or the With the persistent challenge of declining interest of DepEd-X
Rural Farm Schools Act of 2013 youths in agriculture in Region 10 as a course, there
is a need to look into the implementation of said law
and harmonize it with the agriculture track of the K
to 12 Program.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted learning due DepEd-X
the performance of learners including to the closure of schools and the conduct of remote
learning losses learning. The disruption of classes resulted in
learning losses, which can be attributed to difficulty
in adjusting to the flexible or distance learning
modality.
Gamification of learning As observed, attention span of learners are short DepEd-X,
and they easily get bored during classes. Children Mindanao State
and adults are now hooked to mobile gadgets and University – Iligan
applications installed in cellphones for online Institute of Technology,
transactions, games, social media, among others. Commision on Higher
Education Region X
Gamification of learning through mobile game (CHED-X)
applications will be explored to make learning
accessible and enjoyable with interactive teaching
of grammar and language.

Results Matrix (Core Indicators)

ANNUAL TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
END OF
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCYa/
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
TARGET
ENTITYb
Subchapter4.2: Improve Education and Lifelong Learning
Outcome 1: Quality, inclusive, adequate, resilient, and future-ready basic education for all achieved
1.1 Proportion of learners achieving at least “Proficient” level in the National Achievement Test (NAT) increased (%) – Overall Rating NAT Result Department of
Education
Grade 6 0.26 5.00 18.14 31.29 44.43 57.57 70.71 70.71 Region X
(2018) (DepEd-X)

Grade 10 1.59 5.00 18.14 31.29 44.43 57.57 70.71 70.71

(2018)

Grade 12 0.00 5.00 12.57 20.14 27.71 35.29 42.86 42.86

(2018)

1.2 Proportion of learners achieving at least “Proficient” level in the NAT increased (%) – Reading NAT Result DepEd-X

33.78
Grade 6 41.98 50.19 58.39 66.59 74.80 83.00 83
(2018)

44.52
Grade 10 50.93 57.35 63.76 70.17 76.59 83.00 83
2018

37.02
Grade 12 44.18 51.35 58.51 65.67 72.84 80.00 80
(2018)
 ANNUAL TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
END OF
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCYa/
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
TARGET
ENTITYb
1.3 Proportion of learners achieving at least “Proficient” level in the NAT increased (%) – Mathematics NAT Result DepEd-X

Grade 6 2.00 5.00 18.14 31.29 44.43 57.57 70.71 70.71

(2018)

Grade 10 4.00 5.00 18.14 31.29 44.43 57.57 70.71 70.71

(2018)

Grade 12 0.18 5.00 12.57 20.14 27.71 35.29 42.86 42.86

(2018)

Net Enrolment Rate DepEd-Basic DepEd-X

Education
Kindergarten 75.41 (2021) 80.87 83.61 86.34 89.07 91.8 94.54 94.54 Information
System (BEIS)
Elementary 97.08 (2021) 97.51 97.72 97.93 98.15 98.36 98.57 98.57

Junior High 76.53 (2021) 81.08 83.35 85.63 87.9 90.18 92.45 92.45

Senior High 41.22 (2021) 52.5 58.15 63.79 69.43 75.07 80.72 80.72

Cohort Survival rate DepEd-BEIS DepEd-X

Elementary 80.94 (2021) 84.51 86.29 88.08 89.86 91.65 93.43 93.43

Junior High (2021) 84.65 85.41 86.18 86.94 87.71 88.47 88.47

Drop-out Rate DepEd-BEIS DepEd-X

Elementary 3.58 3.19 2.81 2.42 2.04 1.65 1.27 0.88

(2021)

Junior High 5.87 (2021) 5.24 4.61 3.97 3.34 2.71 2.08 1.44

Teacher-Pupil/ Student Ratio (Standard ratio: K 1:30; Elementary 1:35 and Secondary 1:40) DepEd-BEIS DepEd-X

- Pupil (Elementary) 1:27 1:45 1:45 1:45 1:45 1:45 1:45 1:45
(2021)

- Student (Secondary) 1:25 1:45 1:45 1:45 1:45 1:45 1:45 1:45
(2021)

Classroom-Pupil/ Student Ratio DepEd-BEIS DepEd-X

- Pupil (Elementary) 1:34 1:45 1:45 1:45 1:45 1:45 1:45 1:45
(2021)

- Student 1:52 1:45 1:45 1:45 1:45 1:45 1:45 1:45

(Secondary) (2021)

Number of 3 to 5 years 131,153 (2021) 132,464 133,788 135,125 136,476 137,840 139,218 139,218 DSWD Report DSWD-X
old in enrolled in Child
Development Centers
increased

Outcome 2: Globally competitive TVET and higher education, and improved research output attained
Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) passing rate increased (%) Professional Commission on
- Elementary 73.85 (2021) 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 Regulatory Higher
- Secondary 67.33 (2021) 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 Commission Education
(PRC)-LET Result Region X (CHED-
X),
Professional
Regulation
Commission
Region X
(PRC-X)
 ANNUAL TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
END OF
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCYa/
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
TARGET
ENTITYb
Licensure examination (across all disciplines) passing rate increased (%) PRC-LET Result CHED-X, PRC-X
- Overall takers 49.6 (2021) 51 53 55 57 59 61 63
- First-time takers 62.29 (2021) 64 66 68 70 72 74 76
Technical-Vocational 93 90%-93% Agency Report Technical
Education and Training (2021) Education and
Certification Rate (%) Skills
Development
Authority Region
X
a/
Agency accountable for delivering the outputs/achievement of outcome
b/
Lead agency responsible for reporting progress on indicator targets

Major and Catalytic Programs and Projects

The strategies in improving education and lifelong learning will be supported by the following
programs and projects to ensure access, quality and inclusion:

 Establishment of a Regional Center for Inclusive Higher Education Learning (for visually-
and hearing-impaired learners);
 Establishment of Inclusive Learning Resource Center (in every province);
 Last Mile Program;
 Establishment of Rural Farm School in every province;
 Government Assistance and Subsidies Program (e.g., Senior High School Voucher
Program, Joint Delivery Voucher Program, Education Service Contracting Program);
 Flexible Learning Options
 Alternative Learning System (ALS);
 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM);
 Indigenous Peoples Education (IPEd);
 Special Education (SPED) Program;
 Madrasah Education Program; and
 Multigrade Education Program;
 Basic Education Facilities (Construction and Rehabilitation of school buildings);
 Supplemental Feeding Program;
 School-based Feeding Program;
 Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Scholarship Programs (e.g Tertiary
Education Subsidy);
 CHED Scholarship Program;
 SIKAP Program; and
 TESDA Scholarship Programs (e.g., Tulong Trabaho Program).
Subchapter 4.3 Establish Livable Communities
By 2040, Northern Mindanao envisions its people to be living in harmonious, inclusive, smart, safe, and
resilient communities. Establishing livable communities aims to upgrade human settlements by
providing equitable, inclusive, and resilient settings in a balanced ecosystem toward improving human
well-being. The livability of communities will be pursued along these outcomes: a) social environment
promoted; b) environmental quality improved; and c) the built environment upgraded. All three
outcomes will be supported by a governance system that is accessible and ensures that livability of
communities is sustained.

Assessment and Challenges

Huge housing gap persists despite attainment of end-of-plan (EOP) targets. The COVID-19
pandemic delayed the implementation of housing infrastructure projects due to restrictions in the
movement of people, supplies, and equipment. The procurement process exacerbated the situation
because of realignment and reprioritization of funds starting in 2020.

Amid these challenges, a total of 21,78068 housing units were constructed in the region for the
period 2017-2022, exceeding the EOP target of 19,518 units. Of the total housing production for
the period, around 57 percent or 12,485 units are under socialized housing,69 while the remaining
43 percent (9,295 units) belong to economic70 or open housing category. The Home Development
Mutual Fund, also known as the Pag-IBIG Fund, produced 59.24 percent of the total housing units
built, followed by the National Housing Authority Region X (NHA-X) at 35.02 percent, the
Socialized Housing Finance Corporation (SHFC) at 5.69 percent, and the National Housing
Mortgage Finance Corporation (NHMFC) at 0.04 percent.

Despite these achievements, a huge housing gap71 remains in Region X, stemming from rapid
population growth in its urban centers and the lack of funds to meet housing needs. For the period
2017-2022, the region’s housing needs is at 217,375 units. The 21,780 housing units constructed
for the period is only 10 percent of the region’s need.72 The budget of the housing sector for the
region in the 2023 General Appropriations Act, which amounts to PHP4.03 billion, is 48 percent
lower than its PHP7.67 billion proposal.

There are unoccupied houses in some housing projects due to livability issues and lack of access
to basic and ancillary services. The deliberate non-occupation of housing beneficiaries is often
due to the absence of basic services such as roads, water, electricity, transportation and mobility
options, and livelihood opportunities; lack of access to healthy and affordable food options; and
distance to health, education, and social protection facilities. Peace and order concerns and lack of
security are also major challenges in some locations of the housing projects.

There is low level of land banking and acquisition done by LGUs. The provision of housing is
one of the devolved functions in the Local Government Code of 1991 (RA 7160). However, only
21 out of the 93 cities and municipalities in the region practice land banking as of 2022. This is
attributed to lack of funds, housing ranking low on the LGUs’ budgetary priority, and high cost of
land. With limited land options within the central business district, the government is left with
little choice but to establish decent and affordable housing for informal settler families (ISFs) in
the suburbs, which are far from their sources of livelihood, translating to increased living costs.73

Absence of a comprehensive database hampers site-specific ISF identification. Outdated and

unvalidated information from the Local Shelter Plans (LSPs) of LGUs compromises focused
interventions for ISFs as indicated in LGUs’ Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs).

In 2021, the Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development Region X (DHSUD-X)
conducted validation activities to update and complete information on ISF count in four pilot
cities: Cagayan de Oro, Iligan, Gingoog, and El Salvador.

The ISF validation revealed that in Cagayan de Oro City, a total of 36,476 households are ISFs,
39 percent of which live in Barangay Carmen, one of the city's most populous barangays. A portion
of said barangay is bordered by the Cagayan de Oro River while another is highly elevated, making
flooding and landslide a major hazard to residents.

Out of the total number of households in the cities of Iligan, Gingoog, and El Salvador, 25, 32, and
17 percent were validated to be ISFs, respectively. The ISF validation is yet to be done for the entire
region.

Despite rigorous monitoring by the DHSUD and advocacy of the Regional Development
Council of Northern Mindanao (RDC-X), many LGUs do not regularly update their CLUPs
and LSPs. As of 2022, there were 72 (77%) out of 93 LGUs with approved Disaster Risk
Reduction/Climate Change Adaptation (DRR/CCA)-enhanced CLUPs. All LGUs have
formulated their LSPs but only 35 (38%) have approved LSPs. The pandemic contributed to the
low approval rate of LSPs due to mobility restrictions that hampered the conduct of consultation
workshops and focus-group discussions.
Vulnerable groups call for inclusivity and disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change
adaptation (CCA) policies in resettlement sites. Cognizant of the adverse effects of climate
change, there is a need to invest in an inclusive and resilient housing sector and to safeguard
vulnerable communities by integrating DRR and CCA policies in resettlement sites. The United
Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction 2013 Survey on Living with Disabilities and Disasters74
revealed that 80 percent of the respondents claimed to be unable to evacuate immediately during
a disaster, while six percent were not able to evacuate at all. While there are existing policies on
DRR and CCA, much remains to be done to make it inclusive for everybody, including persons
with disabilities.75

Housing sector issues are further compounded by absence or non-functionality of Local

Housing Board (LHB) and housing office. The Local Government Code and the Urban
Development and Housing Act of 1992 (RA 7279) mandated LGUs to provide shelter and related
basic services to their constituents. Pursuant to these, the Department of the Interior and Local
Government Memorandum Circular No. 2008-143 mandated the cities and municipalities to
create LHBs, which is a mechanism that will accelerate decision-making and housing services
delivery.

In Region X, only 53 out of the 93 LGUs have LHBs as of June 2022. Per monitoring of the
DHSUD-X, not all LHBs are functional or conduct regular meetings. Some LHBs also lack the
required number of members, while others have no regular representatives from civil society. Some
LGUs with no LHBs reportedly do not see the urgency of establishing them because the problem
of ISFs is not “yet” a pressing concern in their localities.

Some LGUs in the region also do not have a separate housing office or department. Hence, all
housing-related concerns are lodged in the planning office, which already caters to several other
sectoral concerns.76

Bureaucratic burden hinders housing development, particularly for private developers. The
private sector is a key partner of the government in development, but their participation in
addressing the housing problem is impeded by red tape.

According to the Northern Mindanao offices of the Subdivision and Housing Developers
Association, Inc. and the Organization of Socialized and Economic Housing Developers, it takes
a minimum of three years to start a subdivision development project in the region. Among the
causes are extensive delays in the issuance of necessary approvals, excessive requirements to
obtain permits, and unclear or conflicting guidance across or within shelter agencies. The onerous
documentary requirements for the establishment of housing projects dampen interest in housing
development from the private sector and add significantly to the costs, which developers
eventually pass on to home buyers. This contributes to the high prices of housing units.

Efforts to improve air quality and manage the declining water quality in the region were
undertaken. Ambient air quality in areas with air quality sampling stations and water quality in
priority water bodies—specifically, Cagayan de Oro River and Tagoloan River—remain within
standards per RA 9275 or the Clean Water Act of 2004. However, there are sections within the
Cagayan de Oro River that did not conform to the water quality guideline set for Class A waters
(See Chapter 16).77

The absence of septage/sewerage treatment plants and wastewater treatment facilities in key areas
are among the factors affecting the declining water quality within the region.

Implementation of solid waste management programs were sustained but needs

improvement. While solid waste diversion rate in the region increased during the years 2017 to
2022, the solid waste diversion rate in 2021 of 68 percent, was still below the EOP target of
75 percent. This amplifies existing problems with the implementation of RA 9003 or the
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000.

Among these challenges are the insufficient capacities of LGUs to support science-based
approaches to environmental programs; absence or inadequate environmental and analytical
laboratories to monitor environmental quality, especially air and water quality; and lack of proper
documentation of waste diversion volumes and percentage equivalent, among others.

Strategy Framework
In promoting human capital and social development, the region’s strategies for establishing livable
communities center on achieving four outcomes: 1) social environment promoted;
2) environmental quality improved; 3) built environment upgraded; and, 4) responsive governance
advanced (Figure 4.3.1).

The strategy framework focuses on housing priorities, highlighting healthy living in communities
and thriving in a balanced and clean environment with green public spaces. Likewise, upgrading
spaces for living entails livable communities that are connected and integrated to social and
economic opportunities with mobility transport options. Finally, sustaining livable communities
requires support from a responsive governance system that is accessible and ensures human well-
being.

Strategies
To establish livable communities, the identified strategies in this chapter will focus on promoting
quality economic and social environment, which responds to the priority needs of residents for
food, health, education, safe drinking water, basic sanitation, social protection, recreation, and
quality jobs. These strategies will also contribute to the attainment of other RDP chapter outcomes
to boost health (See Subchapter 4.1); improve education and lifelong learning (See Subchapter 4.2);
increase income earning ability (See Chapter 5); modernize agri-fishery and agri-business (See
Chapter 7); expand and upgrade infrastructure development (See Chapter 13); practice good
governance and improve bureaucratic and regulatory efficiency (See Chapter 15); and accelerate
climate action and strengthen disaster resilience (See Chapter 16).

These strategies also support Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11, which focuses on making
cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. Ensuring sustainable and
inclusive cities and communities will help address urban challenges and calls for stakeholders to
develop realistic and locally defined indicators, and outputs that fit the urban context of specific
cities.

SDG 1178 represents a shift in international development cooperation from a focus on poverty as a
rural phenomenon to recognizing that cities are facing major challenges with extreme poverty,
environmental degradation, and risks due to climate change and natural disasters.

Outcome 1: Social environment promoted

Promoting social environment entails establishing sustainable resettlements with improved access
to basic services, social protection, security, quality jobs, and entrepreneurial opportunities.
Critical to this is the integration of DRR and CCA principles in formulating regional and local plans
such as the RDP, Regional Physical Framework Plan (RPFP), Provincial Development and Physical
Framework Plan (PDPFP), CLUP, and Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP). Moreover,
social engagement will be strengthened to promote civic, cultural, recreational, and sports activities
and ensure the active participation of individuals and families.

Improve access to basic services, social protection, security, quality jobs, and
entrepreneurial opportunities

The region will pursue the establishment of sustainable resettlement communities by enhancing
access to basic services including food, health, social, education, safe drinking water, and basic
sanitation; social protection, security, quality jobs, and entrepreneurial opportunities; and
transportation routes linking people to social, economic, and cultural locations, and providing
emergency access in times of disaster. Social services such as health, water, and electricity will be
made affordable and accessible for all. In support of SDG 7, communities, in coordination with
concerned stakeholders, will utilize renewable energy sources in public utilities such as streetlights
and household connections, among others.

Promote civic, cultural, recreational, and sports activities

The LGUs will strengthen social engagement to ensure the active participation of individuals and
families in civic, cultural, recreational, and sports activities. Physical and virtual cultural spaces for
social interactions such as parks, libraries, museums, and sports facilities will be improved and
developed. Participation of community-based organizations in local or barangay decision-making
bodies will also be strengthened by capacitating homeowners’ associations and establishing
community-based enterprises for vulnerable sectors.
Outcome 2: Environmental quality improved
In improving environmental quality, the region will pursue waste minimization and waste diversion
strategies, and explore alternative technologies to waste management. Other strategies will also be
implemented through a whole-of-society approach, such as enhancing environmental education to
promote culture and behavior change; expanding monitoring and enforcement of air and water quality
standards; and providing green spaces.

Broaden waste minimization initiatives and waste diversion strategies

The LGU’s compliance with the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA 9003) ensures the
implementation of waste minimization initiatives and waste diversion strategies including
recycling, composting, and extended producer responsibility programs. The Environmental
Management Bureau Region X (EMB-X) will strengthen the monitoring of LGUs’ compliance with
RA 9003. All LGUs are also enjoined to adopt ordinances banning single-use plastic and develop
mechanisms in support of RA 9003.

Increase access to waste management facilities

The EMB-X will prioritize the establishment of waste management facilities for a systematic,
comprehensive, and ecologically-sound waste disposal. Alternative technologies to landfills, such
as sustainable burning of waste or ultra-heating, will also be explored. Capacitating the LGUs on
waste management technologies to facilitate adoption will also be intensified by the EMB-X.

Enhance environmental education to promote culture and behavior change

The LGUs and EMB-X will pursue environmental education at the community and household
levels to cultivate proper values, behavior, and discipline in managing the environment. Waste
management, good sanitation practices, and sustainable living will be promoted. Continuing
capacity-building activities for barangays will be conducted focusing on the 3Rs (reduce, reuse,
and recycle) program.

Expand monitoring and enforcement of air and water quality standards

The EMB-X will continue to intensify air and water quality management efforts, including
monitoring and enforcing standards pursuant to existing guidelines. Relocating informal settlers
inhabiting the downstream riverbanks and capacitating barangays in the enforcement of
environmental laws were among the efforts to manage water quality.
Provide access to green spaces

The region will undertake activities on improving access to green spaces by rethinking the
development of cities. The LGUs will consider urban park development in formulating and
updating of their CLUPs to make cities more sustainable and resilient. Aside from playing a
significant role in combating pollution, this will also promote social inclusion, cohesion, collective
expression, and even conflict resolution while celebrating cultural diversity. The DENR-X will also
pursue mapping of urban green spaces, monitoring of urban green space programs, and delivery
of ecosystem services.

Outcome 3: Built environment upgraded

Upgrading the built environment entails fostering collaboration between the private sector and the
government in mobilizing resources to meet housing needs; strengthening implementation of innovative
housing solutions; and increasing access of ISFs, the homeless, and underprivileged to housing.

Foster collaboration between private sector and government in mobilizing resources

to meet housing needs

A major step in addressing the housing gap is the Pambansang Pabahay Para Sa Pilipino (4PH)
Program which aims to address the housing backlog through the construction of one million
housing units per year or a total of six million housing units for six years in the entire country.

Through Department Circular 2023-004, the DHSUD grants authority to its partner LGUs to
execute and implement measures to bridge their respective housing gaps under the 4PH. Said
Circular provides a mechanism to subsidize interest for the beneficiaries, given that they are
capable of and committed to paying the subsidized housing loan.

Under the program, the LGUs will be responsible for project site identification, identification of
beneficiaries, mixed-use development, engaging and entering into joint-venture with government
entities and private developers or contractors, availing of the developmental loan to undertake and
construct vertical housing projects, development of residential projects, and formulation of local
policies and programs to support and facilitate project financing, construction, and property
management.

The HDMF and other government financial institutions and private banks will make their funds
available for the LGUs’ housing projects through their respective developmental loan programs.
The LGUs may also extend technical assistance to Community Associations along compliance with
documentary requirements for housing loans from the Social Housing Finance Corporation
(SHFC) through the Community Guided Financing (CGF) Program. The DHSUD-X and
NHA-X will provide technical assistance and capacitate the LGUs in facilitating the processes,
particularly in providing access to funds and estate management. To ensure the sustainability of
the 4PH Program, the National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation (NHMFC) will provide
liquidity to government financial institutions and private banks through secondary mortgage.

The DHSUD-X will continue to engage the LGUs in the region in supporting the program and
rallying government financial institutions and private banks for funding. Collaboration between
the private sector and the government will be strengthened as a key strategy to mobilize resources
for housing.

The DHSUD-X will also sustain and strengthen the modality of putting up an Escrow Fund, as
well, as monitoring of fund utilization, to comply with the socialized and balanced housing
requirement imposed on private developers of open- and upper-market subdivision projects under
RA 7279 or the Urban Development and Housing Act (UDHA) of 1992. Redefining socialized
housing by including residential condominium units in the types of housing projects for the poor
will be reinforced under RA 10884, which amended the UDHA. The DHSUD will also sustain and
strengthen the conduct of capability building to LGUs on plans and strategies for the utilization of
the socialized housing tax as provided under Section 43 of the UDHA, and other sources of funds
for housing and urban development.

Likewise, LGUs in the region will be enjoined to: a) strengthen implementation of RA 7279 and
RA 10884; b) allocate an annual appropriation for housing from their National Tax Allotment; and
c) access the Developmental Loan Program of the HDMF.

Strengthen implementation of innovative housing solutions

To bridge the housing gap and improve housing affordability, key shelter agencies will use
alternative solutions such as public rental housing, mixed-income/mixed-use housing
development, housing microfinance initiatives, incremental housing programs, and housing
cooperatives. Said proposals will cater to the needs of the homeless, underprivileged beneficiaries,
and ISFs living in danger zones and dense settlements.

The region will also explore alternative financing such as voucher-type direct subsidies for
socialized and economic housing. This type of scheme can expand the delivery mechanism of the
NHA, SHFC, HDMF, LGUs, and government financial institutions. Such scheme introduces
quasi-competition among players that comply with the substantive and procedural requirements
of the UDHA.

Increase access of ISFs, homeless, and underprivileged to housing

The LGUs in the region, in coordination with key shelter and social protection agencies and the
private sector, will strengthen the implementation of the UDHA by prioritizing vulnerable groups
and low-income households.

Under the UDHA, all city and municipal governments are tasked to identify lands for socialized
housing and resettlement areas for the immediate and future needs of the underprivileged and
homeless. These sites should take into consideration the degree of availability of basic services and
facilities, their accessibility and proximity to job sites and other economic opportunities, and the
actual number of registered beneficiaries.

Other related strategies include strengthening the implementation of innovative housing solutions
to provide better access to affordable housing and institutionalizing the functionality of the LHBs.

Outcome 4: Responsive governance advanced

A responsive governance system is key in developing, implementing, and sustaining livable
communities. Supporting strategies are as follows: updating of CLUPs; institutionalizing,
operationalizing, and strengthening functionality of LHBs; strengthening the role of the LGUs along land
banking; developing a comprehensive ISF database; streamlining government processes in securing
housing development permits; and adopting and implementing integrated and connected spatial plans for
communities.

Improve mechanisms to ensure the completion and regular updating of the LGUs’
DRR/CCA-enhanced land use plans

To mitigate risks and ensure resiliency, the physical infrastructure of housing and location of
human settlements will adhere to DRR/CCA principles and standards.

The region will prioritize completion and regular updating and approval of the LSPs, and
DRR/CCA-enhanced CLUPs and PDPFPs. Towards these ends, the DHSUD-X will continue to
provide technical assistance, consultancy, technology transfer, and capability building to the
LGUs. The RDC-X will urge all local chief executives in the region to allocate funds for the approval
and regular updating of their LSPs and DRR/CCA-enhanced CLUPs.
To ensure a streamlined and efficient shelter planning and implementation, DHSUD Department
Order No. 2022-005 (s. 2022) provides for the integration of the LSP formulation process into the
CLUP formulation process. For all plan updating activities in 2023 onwards, LGUs are required to
integrate the LSP during the preparation or updating of their respective CLUPs. The DHSUD is
finalizing a CLUP supplemental guidebook and updating the CLUP training module to capacitate
the LGUs in its preparation and integration of the LSP.

Institutionalize, operationalize, and strengthen the functionality of the LHBs with

ensured representation from the private sector, and urge LGUs to create an
independent housing office/department

Putting the LGUs at the forefront of the UDHA implementation, the region will support the
passage of the proposed bill creating an LHB in all cities and first to third class municipalities. Said
policy aims to systematize the function of the LHBs and mandates the creation or conversion of
existing offices into the Local Housing Office, which will serve as the implementing arm of the
LHB.

This will address problems in the housing sector such as lack of mechanisms for consultation and
decision-making for the delivery of housing services in some LGUs and low funding priority for
housing. The LHB will also address the lack of people's participation in housing projects, which
often leads to communities not accepting or agreeing to the housing solutions provided, resulting
in relocated families going back to informal settlements in the city.

In consideration of the full devolution of certain functions of the executive branch to LGUs under
Executive Order No. 138 (s. 2021), the RDC-X will urge the cities and first to third class
municipalities in Region X to institutionalize, operationalize, and strengthen the LHBs and ensure
the active involvement of peoples’ organizations, civil society, private sector partners, shelter non-
government organizations, and private developers in the decision-making process. The RDC-X
will also enjoin all LGUs to create a Local Housing Office to serve as an implementing arm of the
LHB and perform functions related to the delivery of housing services in the locality (See Chapter
15).

Strengthen the role of the LGUs along land banking

The strategic use of publicly owned properties and acquisition of land for future housing
development are essential elements in accommodating the region’s growing population, relocating
informal settlers, and addressing the housing gap. With an institutionalized and operationalized
LHB, funding for land banking will be given due priority by the LGUs. The DHSUD-X will
continue to monitor the LGUs’ land banking efforts, recognize LGUs’ best practices along land
banking, and capacitate the LGUs on considering the social and economic benefits of land banking
to their locality.

Develop a comprehensive ISF database in the region

To have a single source of accurate information and facilitate integrated actions in addressing
unmet housing needs, the DHSUD-X will pursue and expand the ISF validation for all LGUs in
the region and develop a comprehensive ISF database. Said database is crucial in the updating of
the CLUPs as it will help ensure focused targeting and support the equitable allocation of available
land resources.

RA No. 11315 or the Community-based Monitoring System Act mandates the regular and
synchronized data collection for the system, which shall be conducted by every city and
municipality every three years. The regular and synchronized data collection for the CBMS will be
the mechanism for ISF data gathering and regular updating.

Streamline government processes in securing housing development permits

Key players from the government, particularly the permitting offices and officials of financing
institutions, along with private developers, real estate practitioners, private sector, and the LGUs,
will conduct a comprehensive review of the entire development approval process at the regional
and local level to identify the factors that hinder housing development. Simplifying the process
and requirements will improve the completion rate of housing projects and decrease development
costs, thereby improving housing affordability. In addition, the LGUs will establish housing one-
stop processing centers in coordination with line agencies, to facilitate ease of doing business (See
Chapter 15).

Adopt and implement integrated and connected spatial plans for communities

The LGUs will anchor the formulation or updating of their PDPFPs and CLUPs on the Regional
Spatial Development Framework or the spatial strategies of the Regional Physical Framework Plan
(RPFP) to ensure alignment, consistency, and complementation of national, regional, and local
priorities.
Build resilient and green human settlements

The Resilient and Green Human Settlements Framework (RGHSF) will be adopted in the
formulation of the RDP, RPFP, PDPFP, CLUP, and CDP. The RGHSF is a policy framework that
seeks to address the combined challenges of urbanization, climate change, and public health
issues in human settlements. The framework will guide LGUs, policymakers, government
agencies, and other urban actors in crafting resilience-driven strategies for cities and settlements,
particularly through the lens of climate change and disaster resilience.

Inclusion and accessibility for PWDs are embedded in the RGHSF and will be anchored on
Disability-inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction principles, which entails the integral involvement of
PWDs throughout the planning, implementation, and recovery processes. Monitoring of
compliance with Batas Pambansa 344 (Accessibility Law) in all housing projects of both
government and private developers will also be strengthened.

To operationalize the RGHSF, the DHSUD, together with other national government agencies,
will develop general guidelines on mainstreaming and integrating it with other national, regional,
and local development plans.79

The DHSUD-X will also continue its campaign for LGUs and private developers to build medium-
to high-rise housing or vertical housing communities across the region, especially in highly
urbanized cities like Cagayan de Oro and Iligan. Further, heritage preservation will be integrated
in spatial and development plans.

Legislative Agenda
RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE
AGENCIES
Institutionalize annual allocation for This bill will give due priority to housing, which is a Department of
housing construction, land banking, land devolved function, in the LGUs’ budget from the NTA. Budget and
development, or land banking from the Management,
National Tax Allotment (NTA) among local Department of
government units (LGUs) Human Settlements
and Urban
Development
(DHSUD)
 RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE
AGENCIES
Creation of a Local Housing Board (LHB) This bill will institutionalize, operationalize, and DHSUD, LGUs
in all cities and first to third-class strengthen the LHBs to respond to the lack of
municipalities mechanisms for consultation and decision-making for
the delivery of housing services in some LGUs and lack
of funding priority for housing.
National Land Use Bill This bill aims to institutionalize a just, holistic, and DHSUD, National
ethical planning for using and protecting land and Economic and
water resources including access to unutilized land for Development
housing. Authority
Local ordinance in support of the This ordinance aims to foster collaboration between LGUs
Pambansang Pabahay Para sa Pilipino private sector and the government in mobilizing
(4PH) Program resources to meet housing needs.
Local ordinance appropriating annual This local ordinance will address the lack of resources LGUs
budget for housing from the LGUs' NTA to meet housing needs by appropriating PHP25 million
for municipalities and PHP50 million annually for
provinces and highly urbanized cities.
Local ordinance appropriating budget for This is a mechanism to ensure the completion and LGUs
the approval and regular updating of regular updating of these plans.
Local Shelter Plans and Disaster Risk
Reduction and Climate Change
Adaptation-Enhanced Comprehensive
Land Use Plans
Local ordinance creating, This ordinance aims to strengthen the functionality of LGUs
operationalizing, and re-activating the the LHBs with ensured representation from the private
Local Housing Board (LHB) and creating a sector, and urge LGUs to create an independent
Local Housing Office in accordance with housing office/department.
DILG Memorandum Circular No. 2008-143
Local ordinance creating a housing one- This ordinance supports the region’s efforts to LGUs
stop processing center to facilitate ease streamline government processes in securing housing
of doing business development permits.
Local ordinance banning single-use This ordinance supports the region’s waste LGUs
plastic and establishing mechanisms to minimization initiatives and waste diversion strategies.
ensure implementation
Research Agenda
RESPONSIBLE
RESEARCH AGENDA RATIONALE
AGENCIES

A Study on the Proportion of Review and monitor how localities are addressing the distinct National Housing
Housing Units Allocated for needs of PWD and their families Authority, Department
Persons with Disabilities of Human Settlements
(PWDs) in all Housing and Urban
Projects in Region X with due Development
consideration of the
Accessibility and Adaptability
Features of BP 344 and the
Universal Designs

Results Matrix (Core Indicators)

ANNUAL TARGETS MEANS OF RESPONSIBLE
BASELINE END OF PLAN VERIFICATION AGENCYa/
INDICATORS
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 TARGET REPORTING
ENTITY b
Subchapter 4.3: Establish Livable Communities
Outcome 1: Social Environment Promoted (See Chapter 15: Percentage of Local Government Units (LGUs) compliant with the 25% CSO participation in the LDCs sustained (%))
Outcome 2: Environmental Quality Improved
Percentage of 67.87% 73.04% 76.04% 79.04% 84.04% 87.04% 90.04% 90.04% Agency Department
Solid waste (based on Reports of
diversion rate Approved 10- Environment
increased (%) Year Solid and Natural
Waste Resources-
Management Environmental
Plan (2021) Management
Bureau
(DENR-EMB)
Percentage of 100 % 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Agency DENR-EMB
highly urbanized (2 Highly (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Reports
and other major Urbanized
urban centers Citiesc)
within ambient (2021)
air quality
guidelines value
sustained (%)
Outcome 3: Built Environment Upgraded
Percentage of 14.21% 29.27% 45.29% 62.35% 80.55% 100% 100% Agency Key Shelter
housing units Reports Agencies
constructed 3,029 housing 4,134 8,518 13,177 18,139 23,433 29,092 29,092 housing (KSAs)
increased units housing housing housing housing housing housing units
(Cumulative) (2021) units units units units units units

Housing
Needs
(2017-2022):
215,375d
Percentage of 14.60% 29.91% 46.03% 63.03% 80.98% 100% 100% Agency KSAs
socialized Reports
housing units 1,884 housing 2,254 4,619 7,108 9,732 12,504 15,440 15,440 housing
increasede units (2021) housing housing housing housing housing housing units
(Cumulative) units units units units units units
 ANNUAL TARGETS MEANS OF RESPONSIBLE
BASELINE END OF PLAN VERIFICATION AGENCYa/
INDICATORS
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 TARGET REPORTING
ENTITY b
Outcome 4: Responsive Governance Advanced
Proportion of LGUs with approved Updated Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP)f increased (%) Department
Total number of LGUs in Region X: 93 of Human
CLUP 24 (25.80%) 35 46 57 (61.29%) 68 (73.12%) 80 93 (100%) 93 LGU and Settlements
(37.63%) (49.46%) (86.02%) (100%) Agency and Urban
(2021) Reports Development,
LSP LSP – 12 Increasingg Department
(12.90%) of Interior and
Local
(2021) Government,
LGUs
a/
Agency accountable for delivering the outputs/achievement of outcome
b/
Lead agency responsible for reporting progress on indicator targets
c/
There are only 2 HUCs in Region X: Cagayan de Oro and Iligan
d/
No data yet on the housing needs in Region X for 2023-2028; only available data is the projected housing needs for the entire Philippines.
e/
Target units were identified by SHFC, NHA, and Pag-IBIG based on average units constructed in previous years; details on the derivation of figures
to be provided by KSAs.
f/
Updated CLUP with CDRA
g/
DHSUD Department Order No. 2022-005 (s. 2022) provides for the integration of the LSP formulation process into the CLUP formulation process.
For all plan updating in 2023 onwards, LGUs are required to integrate the LSP during the preparation or updating of its CLUP.

Major and Catalytic Programs and Projects

To establish livable communities, the region's strategies will be translated into specific programs
and projects, on top of the government's regular programs and projects, as follows:

 Pambansang Pabahay Para sa Pilipino (4PH) Program;

 NHA-PIA Housing Project;
 NHA-Sunshine Village;
 Comprehensive and Integrated Housing Program – CAPDev; and
 Community Mortgage Program (CMP).

22
Health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed
to make appropriate health decisions. This includes the ability to read and comprehend prescription bottles, appointment slips, and other essential
health-related materials that must be understood to function successfully as a patient.
23
Prevalence of Limited Health Literacy in the Philippines: First National Survey (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35522857/).
24
This was discussed during the small group consultation with DOH CHD-NM.
25
https://psa.gov.ph/content/causes-deaths-philippines-preliminary-january-december-2020.
26
https://doh.gov.ph/blhsd/health-equity.
27
President Rodrigo Roa Duterte signed RA 11716 on 29 April 2022, increasing the bed capacity of NMMC from 600 to 1,200 beds. Said law provides
that the health care services and facilities of the NMMC will be upgraded to conform to the increase in bed capacity.
28
Digital transformation is the adoption of digital technology by an organization to digitize non-digital products, services or operations. The goal for
its implementation is to increase value through innovation, invention, customer experience or efficiency.
29
Digitalization is the transformation of processes using digital technology, and improving processes and creating new opportunities.
30
EMRs can help in identifying patients who are due for preventive checkups and screenings and aid in monitoring the status of each patient to certain
requirements such as vaccinations and blood pressure readings (https://www.usfhealthonline.com/resources/health-informatics/what-are-electronic-
medical-records-emr/).
31
Family planning new acceptors is defined as the seeking and acceptance of family planning by couples.
32
The target population set by the National Vaccination Operations Center (NVOC) to achieve herd immunity in Region X is 70 percent of the total
population in 2020.
33
Healthy settings (https://www.who.int/teams/health-promotion/enhanced-wellbeing/healthy-settings).
34
Cross-reference with Chapter 13.
35
Based on Proposed CHD Commitments for 2023 as presented during the Strategy Cascading Workshop.
36
Results from the Health Learning Assessment in 2021 were the basis for the annual targets. However, the DOH-CO have not yet released said results
to the regional centers for health and development.
37
Targets are consistent with the Philippines AIDS Epidemic Model.
38
The target set for this indicator is 1% decrease of newly diagnosed HIV cases per year out of the overall estimated Persons Living with HIV and AIDS
(PLHIVs) in the region.
39
Standard health manpower to population ratio are based from the HRH Master Plan.
40
Major PAP is defined as ongoing or proposed development program or project of an agency with total investment cost of at least P1 billion and is
aligned with the 8-point agenda of PBBM. Catalytic development program or project, is an ongoing or proposed program or project of an agency with
total investment cost greater or lower than P1 billion, and possesses one or both of the following characteristics: a) Enhances socioeconomic growth;
and b) Induces crowding-in of resource flows. The details, including the investment targets and project cost are further defined in the Regional
Development Investment Program (RDIP) 2023-2028, which will be formulated in the First Semester 2023.
41
Republic Act 11476 Good Manners and Right Conduct law requiring GMRC to be included in the K-12 curriculum.
42
The DSWD-X reported that a total of 3,551 child development workers have no security of tenure and have not received social benefits.
43
Partnership Forum presentation of Regional Director Arturo B. Bayocot, CESO III, Department of Education Regional Office X (14 September 2020).
44
"Learning loss" refers to any specific or general loss of knowledge and skills or reversals in academic progress, most commonly due to extended gaps
or discontinuities in a student's education. (https://depedro1.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/rm0664s2022.pdf).
45
Low compliance rate to education among 15 to 18 years old children per Compliance Monitoring Report of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
for the period January to September 2022.
46
The Alternative Learning System (ALS) is a parallel learning system in the Philippines that provides opportunities for out-of-school youth and adult
(OSYA) learners to develop basic and functional literacy skills, and to access equivalent pathways to complete basic education.
47
Modular Distance Learning (MDL) is a learning method where students can use printed self-learning modules. The modules can be accessed digitally
or through electronic devices such as laptops, computers, tablets, or smartphones.
48
Agoraphobia involves fearing and avoiding places or situations that might cause panic and feelings of being trapped, helpless or
embarrassed. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/agoraphobia/symptoms-causes/
49
Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a condition of the nervous system. TS causes people to have “tics.” Tics are sudden twitches, movements, or sounds that
people do repeatedly. People who have tics cannot stop their body from doing these things. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/tourette/
50
Workshop output during the RDP 2023-2028 local consultations in October-November 2022
51
Workshop output during the RDP 2023-2028 local consultations in October-November 2022
52 DepEd Last Mile Schools are schools with less than four classrooms, usually makeshift and nonstandard ones; no electricity; no funds for repairs or
new construction projects in the last four years; and a travel distance of more than one hour away from the center, accessible only through difficult
terrain. Likewise, these are schools with multi-grade classes, with less than five teachers, and a population of less than 100 learners, more than 75%
of whom are indigenous peoples.
53
RDC-X Resolution No. 109 (s. 2021) Approving the Northern Mindanao Regional Priority Programs and Courses for Higher Education 2022-2026.
54
Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) is a British company specializing in the analysis of higher education institutions around the world.
55
Centers of Excellence refers to a department within a higher education institution, which continuously demonstrates excellent performance in the
areas of instruction, research and publication, extension and linkages and institutional qualifications.
56
Center of Development refers to a department within a higher education institution, which demonstrates the potential to become a Center of
Excellence in the future.
57
Fourth Industrial Revolution, 4IR, or Industry 4.0, conceptualizes rapid change to technology, industries, and societal patterns and processes in the
21st century due to increasing interconnectivity and smart automation.
58
National Certificate (NC) III refers to knowledge and skill that are a balance of theoretical and/or technical and practical. Work involves
understanding the work process, contributing to problem solving, and making decisions to determine the process, equipment and materials to be
used.
59
National Certificate (NC) IV refers to Knowledge and skill that are mainly theoretical and/or abstract with significant depth in one or more areas;
contributing to technical solutions of a non-routine or contingency nature; evaluation and analysis of current practices and the development of new
criteria and procedures.
60
(The Incheon Declaration, 2015)
61
Non-curricular activities are those that are not associated with the curriculum or academics.
62
The Inclusive Learning Resource Center shall be a “physical or virtual center” that will serve as a one-stop shop for the delivery of free support services
to learners with disabilities and the implementation of inclusive education programs.
63
Pursuant to Republic Act No. 6728: An Act Providing Government Assistance to Students and Teachers in Private Education, and Appropriating
Funds Therefore, which was further amended by RA 8545: Expanded Government Assistance to Students and Teachers in Private Education and
RA 10533: Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 covering senior high school.”
64
The future of work is brought about by rapid technological developments and fast-paced industry advancements.
65
TVET scholarship identified priority sectors: a) agriculture; b) construction; c) electronics; d) health and wellness; e) IT-BPM; f) manufacturing; g)
tourism; and h) transportation, communications, and logistics.
66
The JobsFit LMI Report is the region's primary LMI publication and includes data on the industries that generate the majority of new jobs, emerging
markets, in-demand occupations, and occupations that are difficult to fill. It also includes an action plan for resolving identified industry gaps and
issues.
67
Micro-credentials are cost-effective, mini-qualifications designed to provide an individual with knowledge, skills, and abilities in a specific area of
business (https://business.pitt.edu/micro-credentials/).
68
Data reported by DHSUD-X as of 20 September 2022.
69
Socialized housing refers to housing programs and projects covering houses and lots or homelots only undertaken by the Government or the private
sector for the underprivileged and homeless citizens which shall include sites and services development, long-term financing, liberalized terms on
interest payments, and such other benefits in accordance with the provisions of RA 7279 “Urban Development Housing Act of 1992.”
(https://www.shfc.dhsud.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads2/ra7279.pdf).
70
Economic housing refers to a type of housing project provided to moderately low-income families with lower interest rates and longer amortization
period https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/3862335077!.pdf.
71
This issue surfaced during the RDP 2023-2028 local consultations. The available data on the region's total housing needs is still from 2017 and needs
to be updated/recomputed.
72
Data on the total housing needs in the region remains outdated as there is no regional data yet for 2023-2028.
73
This is a common concern of housing stakeholders and LGUs raised during the RDP 2023-2028 local consultations.
74
"Living with Disability and Disasters: UNISDR 2013 Survey on Living with Disabilities and Disasters - Key Findings" (UNISDR, 2014)
75
This is a common concern of PWD stakeholders raised during the RDP 2023-2028 local consultations.
76
This is a common concern of housing stakeholders (including private developers) and LGUs raised during the RDP 2023-2028 local consultations.
77
Class “A” - Public Water Supply Class II – Intended as sources of water supply requiring conventional treatment (coagulation, sedimentation,
filtration and disinfection) to meet the latest Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW) https://water.emb.gov.ph/?page_id=849
78
"The UN Sustainable Development Goal 11: THE WORLD NEEDS AN URBAN GOAL." Danish Institute for International Studies. Retrieved 6
August 2022.
79
DHSUD presented the draft RGHSF during the Social Development Committee National-Regional Consultative Meeting on 17-18 October 2022 in
Dapitan City, Zamboanga del Norte A strategic action plan will be formulated upon the approval of the framework.
5
I
ncr
easeI
ncome-
ear
ning
Abi
li
ty
Increase Income-earning Ability
At the peak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020-2021, several establishments in the
region shut down, displacing many workers. With the gradual recovery of Northern Mindanao as
reflected by the 6.3 percent growth in gross regional domestic product in 2021, the reopening of the
economy resulted in increased labor force participation rate. This not only meant additional workers in
the region but also improved the income-earning ability of the people.

Increasing the income-earning ability of Filipinos entails upgrading of skills, adjusting mindset,
adapting to emerging trends in technology, and aligning capacities with current market demands.
These efforts are complemented by appropriate employment processes and opening of economic
opportunities to enable Filipinos to have stable, sustainable, and more strategic ways of making a
living. Continuous development of individual capacities along critical and in-demand skill sets will be a
priority to match with industry needs and standards of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), and
impending economic integration among the Association of Southeast Asian Nation countries.

This chapter presents the strategies to address challenges in increasing income-earning ability to
support every Filipino’s aspiration of a matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na buhay. In realizing this
aspiration, Region X commits to achieve the following outcomes: a) employability increased;
b) access to employment opportunities expanded; and c) shared labor market governance achieved.

Assessment and Challenges

The labor sector suffered adverse effects from the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2019, the total
number of employed persons in Northern Mindanao reached 2.166 million, an increase of
2.7 percent from the previous year. The labor force participation rate at 68.8 percent was also the
highest among regions in the country. While the number of underemployed persons increased by
10.8 percent, the underemployment rate of 21.8 percent was still slightly better than the 2019
Regional Development Plan target of 22 percent. Employment rates in 2018 and 2019 were at 94.1
and 95.16 percent, respectively.

However, these gains were diminished by the pandemic. The 2020 full-year unemployment rate
rose to 6.4 percent from 4.4 percent in 2019 mainly due to the displacement of workers in April
2020 (11.1%), the highest in 15 years in the region. Annual underemployment rate also increased
by 1.8 percentage points to 23.6 percent in 2020, reflecting limited economic activities due to the
lockdowns and travel restrictions.
Closure of business establishments resulted in work stoppage and displacement of employees.
From July 2020 to December 2021, a total of 148 enterprises in Region X permanently closed,
displacing 1,815 workers. At the end of 2021, a total of 2,052 establishments temporarily ceased
operations affecting 36,084 workers. In the same period, 857 micro-business enterprises reduced
their workforce to save on operational costs, displacing 10,564 workers.

Several government agencies offered temporary employment to displaced workers, such as the
Cash-for-Work program of local government units (LGUs) and the Tulong Panghanapbuhay sa
ating Disadvantaged/Displaced Workers (TUPAD) program of the Department of Labor and
Employment (DOLE). The TUPAD #Barangay Ko, Bahay Ko Disinfecting/Sanitation Project
accommodated 15,600 beneficiaries, while TUPAD, under Bayanihan 2, served 34,924 workers.

Labor and employment indicators showed improvements as the economy reopens. In 2021,
employment rate stood at 94.6 percent, which was higher than the previous year’s at 93.6 percent.
The average unemployment rate decreased to 5.4 percent while underemployment rate dropped
to 18.3 percent in the same year. In July 2022, underemployment rate further decreased to 13.3
percent. This trend implies that work opportunities in the region have increased and the quality of
employment has improved.

The protection of workers was also intensified to address issues on displacement, unfair labor
practices in the form of contractualization, and lack of unemployment insurance. In 2021, the
DOLE Region X (DOLE-X) conducted labor inspections in 4,610 private establishments to assess
compliance with labor law and standards, as well as, to ensure the continuity and sustainability of
compliance at workplaces. Monitoring of compliance with conducted through routine inspection,
complaint inspection, and occupational safety and health investigation. The DOLE-X also
conducted labor education on safety and health among partners and stakeholders, including
consultations with the Industry Tripartite Council.

The Regional Tripartite Industrial Peace Council in Region X (RTIPC-X) provides a platform for
cooperation among labor groups and industries in promoting the welfare of workers and
employers in the region. From 2020 to 2021, resolutions were passed to address pressing concerns,
including: a) safety and health measures to protect employees and management of private
establishments; b) accelerating vaccination; c) compliance to occupational safety and health
standards; and d) distribution of financial assistance to displaced workers affected by the
suspension of operations due to COVID-19 pandemic.
Employment facilitation services were also intensified to assist jobseekers. The DOLE-X
disseminated its labor market information to 224,471 individuals in 2021. Public Employment
Service Offices (PESOs), as channels and one-stop-shops for job seekers at the local level, assisted
197,360 individuals. Job fairs and labor market information dissemination were also conducted,
where 30 percent of job seekers were hired-on-the-spot during government-led job fairs. In 2021,
the top five industries catered by PESOs in the region include 1) construction; 2) wholesale and
retail; 3) transportation; 4) information technology and business process management (IT-BPM);
and 5) manufacturing.

Technical and vocational education and training (TVET) programs were implemented to
upskill the labor sector. In 2021, a total of 83,737 individuals were enrolled in Technical Vocation
Institutions (TVIs), a five percent increase from the number of enrollees in the previous year. The
certification rate of TVET graduates also improved from 85 percent in 2015 to 93 percent in 2021,
surpassing the end-of-plan (EOP) target of 90 percent.

However, the spillover effects of the COVID-19 pandemic were still felt in 2021 as the
employability rate of TVET graduates stood at 59 percent, lower than the EOP target of
70 percent.

The technical-vocational programs implemented by the Technical Education and Skills

Development Authority Region X (TESDA-X) and TVIs in the region are designed to respond to
labor market trends and industry needs. Consistent with the identified higher level TVET
qualifications under the 4IR,80 the following courses are already offered in the region:
a) 2D Animation National Certificate (NC) Level III; b) Commercial Cooking NC III,81
c) Electrical Installation and Maintenance NC III; d) Food and Beverage Services NC IV,82
e) Mechatronics Servicing NC II; f) Mechatronics Servicing NC III; g) RAC Servicing (PACU-
CRE) NC III; and h) Visual Graphic Design NC III (See Subchapter 4.2).

TESDA-X also initiated programs focused on promoting environmental protection, sustaining

biodiversity, and minimizing, if not preventing, environmental degradation. Towards this, TESDA
issued Circular No. 58 (s. 2018), defining guidelines for Greening the TVET system83 in the
country, resulting in the formulation and implementation of TESDA’s training regulations aimed
at promoting green technology. Among the 20 identified qualifications with green competency
components, eight84 are already offered in the region. All efforts to meet the identified objectives
and strategic options in greening the policies, skills, training regulations, institutional culture, and
workplace/community are continuously monitored in the region.
Region X TVIs also offer the following courses with NC Level II85: a) welding, b) photovoltaic
system and installation, c) driving, d) construction painting, e) electrical installation and
maintenance, f) plumbing, and g) automotive servicing.

Competency standards and competency-based curriculum development and capability program

for trainers need to be enhanced to address the demands of the labor market, and subsequently
produce the needed skilled workers.

To ensure the productivity, quality, and global competitiveness of the middle-level workers,
TESDA-X conducted assessment and certification86 of skills, which determines if an individual can
perform the qualifications expected in the workplace based on defined competency standards. The
Department of Education Region X (DepEd-X) also conducted competency assessment of
graduates from senior high school taking the Technical-Vocational-Livelihood Track. However,
due to limited number of DepEd-X assessment centers, assistance from TESDA-X assessment
centers was requested to facilitate both assessment and certification (See Subchapter 4.2).

Access of the marginalized sectors to TVET student financial assistance programs in 2021 exceeded
the 2022 EOP targets, particularly for persons with disabilities at six percent, inmates or persons
deprived of liberty at 77 percent, and indigenous peoples (IPs) at 16 percent.

Demand for digitalization that support economic and social resilience has increased. As
mobility restrictions and social distancing measures due to COVID-19 limited face-to-face
interactions and activities, the adoption of digital technologies emerged as a key determinant of
resilience. However, while the pandemic has seen an accelerated use of digital technologies,
digitalization remains hampered by the lack of digital skills in the existing workforce.

In 2022, only 21.32 percent or 29 out of 136 of the examinees passed the information and
communications technology (ICT) diagnostic examination conducted by the Department of
Information and Communications Technology Region X (DICT-X). The diagnostic examination
is a prerequisite to the ICT Proficiency Examination, which gives exam passers a Certificate of
Proficiency in Computer Programming. In the same year, only 45 percent or nine out of the 20
examinees passed the ICT Proficiency Examination.

To bridge the digital divide, capacity-building programs through webinars and online trainings to
promote digital literacy among workers were pursued. In 2021, a total of 13,846 individuals availed
of online trainings and webinars on ICT skills from the DICT-X. In the same year, five
DigitalJobsPH87 trainings were conducted, producing 217 scholars.
To further enhance connectivity and access to information, particularly in rural areas, the DICT-
X established Community eCenters or Technology for Education, Employment, Entrepreneurs,
and Economic Development (Tech4ED) centers in the region. These centers assist students,
women, senior citizens, out-of-school youths, and IPs in research, training, and availment of
government online services. As of 31 December 2021, a total of 150 Tech4ED centers located in
municipalities in the region have been upgraded.

Meanwhile, the Next Wave Cities Program88 aims to provide access to digital jobs and
opportunities and contribute to the economic growth of areas outside of Metro Manila. This
government and private sector partnership intends to drive inclusive growth in the countryside by
selecting high-potential areas and transforming them into bustling IT-BPM hubs within five years.

Key labor market information intensified to ensure a responsive labor demand and supply. The
DOLE-X 2022 Northern Mindanao JobsFit Labor Market Information Report was disseminated
to ensure effective employment facilitation and address the pervasive job-skill mismatch. The
report identified the following key employment generators in the region: agribusiness, arts and
entertainment, hotel and restaurant, construction, transport and logistics, education,
manufacturing, real estate, power energy, IT-BPM, health and wellness, wholesale and retail, and
banking and finance.

The report also gathered insights from industries, particularly along hard-to-fill occupations, and
market-required skills. Hard-to-fill occupations across industries are highly specialized such as
engineers, company nurses, and accounting staff, which require professional training and/or
scientific expertise.

To match current labor market requirements with an adequate supply of skilled workers and
professionals, the region identified priority courses and programs for 2022-2026 (See Subchapter
4.2). This is supported by the Regional Development Council of Northern Mindanao (RDC-X)
through Resolution No. 109 (s. 2021), “Approving the Northern Mindanao Regional Priority
Programs and Courses for Higher Education 2022-2026.”

Minimum wage rates increased. On 27 May 2022, the Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity
Board Region X (RTWPB-X) approved Wage Order No RX-21, “Providing for a Minimum Wage
Increase in Region X.” The RTWPB-X is mandated under Republic Act No. 6727, otherwise
known as “The Wage Rationalization Act,” to periodically assess wage rates and conduct
continuing studies in the determination of the minimum wage applicable in the region or industry.
The new daily minimum wage rates in Region - X are shown in Table 5.1:

NON-AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE
1ST TRANCHE 2ND TRANCHE 1ST TRANCHE 2ND TRANCHE
Upon Effectivity of Effective on Upon Effectivity of Effective on
MWR* MWR
W.O. RX-21 December 16, 2022 W.O. RX-21 December 16, 2022
CLASSIFICATION UNDER
NEW NEW
UNDER
NEW NEW
W.O. W.O.
MINIMUM MINIMUM MINIMUM MINIMUM
RX-20 INCREASE INCREASE RX-20 INCREASE INCREASE
WAGE WAGE WAGE WAGE
RATE RATE RATE RATE
WAGE CATEGORY I
(Cities of Cagayan de Oro
and Ilifan, and the 365.00 25.00 390.00 15.00 353.00 25.00 378.00 15.00
Municipalities of Tagoloan,
Villanueva, and Jasaan)
WAGE CATEGORY II
405.00 393.00
(Cities of Malaybalay,
Valencia, Gingoog, El
Salvador and Ozamiz, and 358.00 25.00 383.00 22.00 346.00 25.00 371.00 22.00
the Municipalities of Opol,
Maramag, Quezon, Manolo
Fortich, and Lugait)
WAGE CATEGORY III
(Cities of Oroquieta and
Tangub and the
350.00 25.00 375.00 15.00 338.00 25.00 363.00 15.00
Municipalities of
Laguindingan, Mambajao,
and Balingasag)
WAGE CATEGORY IV 390.00 378.00
All other areas not covered
under the above
categories 343.00 25.00 368.00 22.00 331.00 25.00 356.00 22.00
All Retail and Service
Establishments employing
not more than ten workers
*MWR – minimum wage rate
Source: Department of Labor and Employment Region X

Setting the regional minimum wage, particularly during the pandemic involves balancing the often
conflicting interest between labor and capital. The labor sector calls for higher wages while the
capital pleas for a tempered amount of increase as the latter is still recovering from the effects of
the pandemic. In determining the minimum wage, the RTWPB-X considers the regional poverty
threshold, average wage, and region-specific socioeconomic indicators.

A balance, however precarious, between these considerations is essential to ensure that minimum
wages are adapted to the national context and that both the effective protection of workers and the
development of sustainable enterprises are taken into account.
Strategy Framework
In the next six years, Region X will focus on increasing the income-earning ability of its people by
enhancing employability, expanding access to employment opportunities, and achieving shared
labor market governance.

Strategies to increase income-earning ability will be pursued through productive, remunerative,

green, and decent employment that is available and accessible to all by upskilling the Filipino
workforce and expanding access to employment opportunities. Labor market governance will be
improved by providing and strengthening policies, norms, laws, regulations, institutions,
machinery, and processes that influence the demand and supply of labor in an economy. Labor
and employment promotion in the region will be intensified through the provision of facilitation
services, protection of workers, and maintaining industrial peace.

These strategies, likewise, contribute to the attainment of Sustainable Development Goal 8 on

promoting inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and
decent work for all.
Strategies
Outcome 1: Employability increased
Increasing employability will entail improving the resilience of individuals by aligning
development objectives for basic and higher education, and TVET based on labor market
requirements; updating design and content of training modules and curricula for human capital
development; developing modern and responsive programs on technical vocational education,
apprenticeships, and higher education program; and strengthening collaboration with industry
boards and associations in TVET.

Align development objectives for basic and higher education and TVET based
on labor market requirements

The tri-focalized education89 system will be aligned to reorient programs of the Commission on
Higher Education Region X (CHED-X), DepEd-X, and TESDA-X towards enhancing the teaching
and formation of 21st century skills based on current and projected labor market intelligence. At
the regional level, implementation of the K to 12 curriculum will be sustained in coordination with
the aforementioned major education pillars, ensuring that graduates will acquire the requisite
learning competencies and skills to pass the assessment and certification, paving the way for
employment.

The DepEd-X will intensify the teaching of the most essential learning competencies, including life
skills. The CHED-X and TESDA-X will put in place institutional mechanisms that strictly adhere
to the policies and guidelines of each of the courses and programs offered in the higher and
technical-vocation education. Learners and trainees will be provided with the necessary
equipment, facilities, and training that are required to pass the TVET competency-based
assessment and certification. Pursuant to the Philippine Qualifications Framework,90 the levels of
educational qualifications and standards for qualification outcomes that are competency-based,
labor market-driven, and assessment-based qualification recognition will be promoted in
coordination with the education pillars and other stakeholders.

Update design and content of training modules and curricula for human capital
development based on emerging, in-demand, and hard-to-fill occupations91 and
identified key employment generators

The TESDA-X and other training service providers will update and redesign the training modules
and curricula to respond to regional demands of the labor market, particularly those identified as
key employment generators and priority skills in the 2022 Northern Mindanao JobsFit Labor
Market Information Report of the DOLE-X, which was endorsed through RDC-X Resolution No.
109 (s. 2021) “Approving the Northern Mindanao Regional Priority Programs and Courses for
Higher Education 2022-2026. Training modules or training regulations will be updated to
incorporate emerging skills into existing competencies. Common competencies and regulations
will be upgraded to reflect requirements for economic transformation. International
benchmarking will be done to ensure that the region’s qualification standards, competency
assessment, and certification are at par with international settings. Entrepreneurship skills will also
be integrated in the curricula to prepare modern employees and potential entrepreneurs.

Develop modern and responsive programs on technical-vocational education,

apprenticeships, and higher education that are aligned with emerging trends or
demands in the labor market

Enterprise-based training and apprenticeship programs will be intensified through the TESDA-X
to ensure direct hands-on experience and acquisition of required skills. Said programs facilitate
the availability of qualified skilled workers based on industry requirements. Existing institutional
arrangements between schools and industries in Region X will be reviewed as basis for the
development of modern and responsive training, apprenticeship, and learnership programs
toward producing flexible, multi-skilled, and world-class workforce.

The CHED-X will continue to monitor and regulate policies, standards, and guidelines in the higer
education programs. The higher education institutions (HEIs) will be encouraged to offer
programs and courses that will address the region’s needs. Scholarship grants will be expanded to
cover the priority skills and competencies required by the region.

Increase investments in TVET human resources, digitalization initiatives, and

innovation facilities

TVET resources will be optimized to enable the full use of facilities, equipment, materials, teachers,
facilitators, and assessors towards improving provision of training and learning. The region will
also tap the participation of industry to guarantee quality in the conduct of relevant training.
Investments in programs and projects that further promote industry collaboration, improve
innovation facilities, and enhance TVET facilitators and assessors’ capabilities will also be pursued
by TESDA-X in coordination with the TVIs in the region.

Strengthen collaboration with industry boards and associations in TVET

The TESDA-X, in coordination with the Regional Technical Education and Skills Development
Committee, will strengthen the participation and involvement of industry boards and associations
particularly in the design, development, implementation, and assessment of TVET competencies,
policies, standards, and programs. In partnership with public and private institutions, the delivery
of TVET will be further strengthened to expand access and improve learning outcomes.

The region will mobilize support from the industries in the provision of institutional resources,
technical and financial assistance, and training programs required to boost the TVET priority
sectors, namely: a) agriculture; b) construction; c) electronics; d) health and wellness;
e) IT-BPM; f) manufacturing; g) tourism; and h) transportation, communications, and logistics.

Enhance digital skills and literacy and cybersecurity awareness

The DICT-X will continue to implement the Digital Philippines Strategy, which aims to accelerate
the digital transformation of governance, education, workforce, and communities across the
country through a whole-of-government approach. This will be realized through ICT literacy and
competency development programs to harness and improve the competitiveness of current and
future workforce.
The DICT-X will also establish new and upgrade existing Tech4ED centers to give equal
opportunities to underserved and marginalized communities of the region’s rural and urban areas
and allow them to participate in the digital society. Tech4ED is deemed as a mechanism for
enhancing community participation through ICT, thereby increasing access to digital
opportunities and benefits.

The establishment of Digital Transformation Centers through the DICT-X will be pursued to
provide quality ICT facilities in improving communities’ access to information, communication,
technology, government services, non-formal education, skills training, telehealth, job markets,
and business portals.

Outcome 2: Access to employment opportunities expanded

The following strategies will be implemented to expand access to employment opportunities:
1) assist jobs-seekers in looking for productive and decent work; 2) anticipate the skills needed in
keeping up with advancements in industry; 3) disseminate information on emerging, critical, and
in-demand skills; 4) intensify employment programs for the marginalized and vulnerable groups;
5) promote equal opportunities in work, education, and training; and 6) provide emergency
employment and training support to displaced workers due to man-made disasters and natural
calamities.

Integrate and strengthen all employment facilitation services, including career

development support

The DOLE-X, in coordination with the PESOs of LGUs in Northern Mindanao, will continue to
strengthen the PESOs and other service providers to effectively assist job-seekers in the region.
Towards this end, the LGUs will institutionalize, support, and advance the capabilities of PESOs.
The provision of employment facilitation services to the public will be intensified through job fairs,
labor market information dissemination, online job portals like PhilJobNet,92 and youth
employment programs.

The DOLE-X, PESOs, and other service providers in the region will strengthen career development
support including coaching, mentoring, and counseling to guide job-seekers and would-be
workers. Career development counseling will also be intensified to assist junior and senior high
school students determine their work path through the DepEd-X.
Anticipate the skills needs of priority sectors

Anticipating the skills necessary for workers to keep up with advancements in the industry sector
is an important element that will allow TVIs to easily adapt to future demands. It will also bridge
the human capital and skills gap by utilizing competency forecasts and labor market intelligence
for regional and national labor markets.

The TESDA-X, in consultation with other TVET partners, will continue to map and identify skills
needs to meet future labor market demand and address job-skills mismatch.

These efforts will be supported by enhancing the existing job facilitation programs and maximizing
linkages with training institutions in producing skilled workforce in strategic industries.

The CHED-X will continue to assess the curriculum and higher education programs to facilitate
transformation and address the needs of the 4IR including the reskilling and upskilling of
workforce. The HEIs will continue to develop the students and graduates on anticipatory
competence, skills foresights, scenarios, and forecasts.

Share and disseminate information on emerging, critical, and in-demand skills

Critical and in-demand skills are those that will respond to the 2022 Northern Mindanao JobsFit
Labor Market Information Report’s Key Employment Generators, which are the major industry
groups with the greatest potential to generate employment and create jobs. The DOLE-X, in close
partnership with employment services providers, the academe, and companies, firms, and
industries, will intensify labor market information and dissemination activities on emerging,
critical, and in-demand skills, including the PhilJobNet and its Career Information System. The
TESDA-X will also intensify its labor market intelligence report. Advocacy on the implications of
megatrends such as automation, globalization, and climate change on skills development will be
improved.

Intensify employment programs for the youth, marginalized, disadvantaged, and

vulnerable sectors

The implementation of employment programs for the youth will be intensified, such as DOLE’s
Special Program for the Employment of Students, Government Internship Program, and JobStart,
and TESDA’s TVET programs. These programs provide young people in the region with
opportunities for gainful employment while equipping themselves with vital work experience.
Employment facilitation services through the DOLE-X and PESOs will be improved by providing
timely information on the labor market and skills training opportunities to enhance competencies.
Coordination with TESDA-X on skills matching and leadership/apprenticeship programs,
especially the JobStart Program, will be continued and sustained.

Employment programs for the marginalized, disadvantaged, and vulnerable sectors will also be
sustained such as the DOLE Integrated Livelihood and Emergency Employment Program
(DILEEP); TUPAD Program; and TESDA Scholarship Programs (e.g., Tulong Trabaho Program,
Training for Work Scholarship Program, Special Training for Employment Program).

Strengthen programs and policies that address all forms of labor market
discrimination in work, education, and training

The DOLE-X, in partnership with PESOs, industrial peace councils, and labor sector groups in
Region X, will continue to provide equal opportunities in work, education, and training to all
individuals. Employment policies and programs will be strengthened to ensure that workers'
welfare and rights are protected and respected, and compliance with labor laws and standards is
ensured. Adherence of new and existing programs to the principles of human rights, gender,
culture, and social justice will also be guaranteed. Work platforms for redress of grievances and
discrimination will be made available and accessible.

Provide emergency employment and training support to displaced workers due to

man-made disasters and natural calamities

The DOLE-X, DSWD-X, TESDA-X and other stakeholders will sustain the provision of emergency
employment to manage shocks caused by man-made disasters and natural calamities. Training
support will be improved to enhance the resilience of displaced workers. These interventions will
serve as bridging mechanisms for the beneficiaries to cope while seeking to recover and regain
their income and livelihood resources. The implementation of said programs will be closely
coordinated with concerned LGUs.

Outcome 3: Shared labor market governance achieved

Shared labor market governance entails strengthening linkage and collaboration of both
government and private stakeholders towards cost-effective skills development, and promoting
and implementing employment policies and strategies.
Harmonize the design and implementation of skills development programs

The RDC-X, in coordination with the pillars of human capital development,93 will spearhead the
harmonization of the design and implementation of cost-effective skills development programs to
address digitalization and respond to emerging labor market demands, both at the global and
domestic levels. The Philippine Skills Framework94 and Philippine Qualifications Framework will
serve as basis for harmonizing skills development programs toward building the competencies of
the country’s workforce.

Strengthen linkages and collaboration among government and industry associations,

enterprises, and social partners

Shared responsibility in promoting and implementing employment policies and strategies,

including workers’welfare, will be emphasized through appropriate agencies and institutions in
the region. The academe-industry-government convergence will be strengthened by jointly
implementing training programs that ensure equitable access to employment opportunities (See
Subchapter 4.2). The region will intensify activities in monitoring the functionality of industry
boards and associations to ensure that relevant productivity measures and rights of workers are
recognized and provided. Advocacy activities on labor tripartite and bipartite social dialogue for
formulating relevant and responsive employability policies, mechanisms, and initiatives will be
intensified.

Ensure effective and efficient use of existing tripartite wage and productivity
mechanisms

The RTWPB-X will strengthen its role in the determination of wages, income, and other
productivity mechanisms. The government, through DOLE, will continue to assist in formulating
productivity-based incentive schemes toward ensuring a decent standard of living for workers and
their families. The DOLE-X will strengthen the provision of technical assistance to companies and
industries in the conduct of productivity trainings to improve capability and motivation in
adopting technologies for continuous improvement.

The RTWPB-X will continue to issue advisories on various productivity improvement and
incentives schemes, including the performance and outlook of the industry, labor market
conditions, and other related indicators as references in the design of the productivity incentives
program of enterprises.
Legislative Agenda

LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE RESPONSIBLE AGENCIES

Unemployment Insurance Bill The bill seeks to provide unemployment insurance under the SSS
Social Security System (SSS).

It further aims to protect people, especially the vulnerable

sectors, from sudden loss of income and improving their
capacity to manage risks.
Reforming the Apprenticeship The Apprenticeship Program is a measure meant to foster Technical Education and
Bill collaboration among stakeholders in the education and Skills Development
training sector and the world of work. Authority (TESDA),
Department of Labor and
Further reforms will be instituted to make the Employment (DOLE)
apprenticeship program more attractive both to enterprises
and prospective apprentices to promote skills acquisition
and employment.
Creating the Department of The bill aims to elevate the Technical Education and Skills TESDA
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) into a department that
Development provides the necessary skills intervention to respond to the
significant changes in both local and global labor market.

Delivery of Technical and vocational education and training

(TVET)-related activities in the region will be improved to
provide more opportunities for skills acquisition, retooling,
and upgrading.

Research Agenda
RESEARCH AGENDA RATIONALE RESPONSIBLE AGENCIES
Review of the Labor Code Review the Labor Code to consider current economic trends; Department of Labor and
i.e., flexible working arrangements, hiring requirements, and Employment
contractualization, among others.
Results Matrix (Core Indicators)
ANNUAL TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
END OF
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCY/
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
TARGET
ENTITY
Outcome 1: Employability Increased
Percentage of youth not in NDa decreasing Labor Force Department
employment, education, or Survey (LFS) of Labor and
training reduced (%) Industry
(DOLE),
Philippine
Statistics
Authority
(PSA)
TESDA Certification Rate in 93% 90%-93% 90%- Technical TESDA
priority sectors sustained b (2021) 93% Education and
(%) Skills
Development
Authority
(TESDA)
Accomplishment
Report
Employment ratec of TVET 7.8% 8.3% 9.1% 10% 11% 12.1% 13.3% 14.6% TESDA TESDA
graduates increased (%) (2022) Accomplishment
Report
Percentage of training 25% 27.5% 30.3% 33.3% 36.6% 40.3% 44.3% 48.7% TESDA TESDA
regulations, curricula, and (2022) Accomplishment
courses with green core Report
competencies increased (%)
Outcome 2: Access to Employment Opportunities Expanded
Female labor force 58.3% 58.3%- 58.5%- 59%- 59.3% 59%- 60% 60% LFS PSA
participation rate (2021) 58.5% 59% 59.3% - 60%
Increased (%) 59.5%
Placement rate of qualified 93% 80%-85% 80%- DOLE Public
jobseekers d achieved (%) (2021); 85% Accomplishment Employment
(182,740/ Report Services
197,360) Office
(PESO)/DOLE
Outcome 3: Shared Labor Market Governance Achieved
Percentage of total number 60% 55%-60% 55%- DOLE DOLE,
of establishments provided (2021) 60% Accomplishment Regional
with technical assistance Report Tripartite
that installed enhanced Wage and
productivity performance- Productivity
based incentive schemes d Board
(%) (RTWPB)
Percentage of trained 80% (2021) 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% DOLE DOLE, RTWPB
micro, small, and medium Accomplishment
enterprises that Report
implemented productivity
improvement programd (%)
a/
Ongoing generation of regional disaggregated data by PSA Central Office
b/
Targets are determined by TESDA Central Office
c/
In 2022, TESDA’s information system revised its computation on employability rate of TVET graduates to consider scholarship grantees (i.e.,
Employment rate is generated from the total number of TESDA scholars employed over the number of graduated TESDA Scholars)
d/
Targets are determined by DOLE Central Office
Major and Catalytic Programs and Projects95
The programs and projects to increase income-earning ability are as follows:

 DOLE Integrated Livelihood and Emergency Employment Program (DILEEP);

 Tulong Panghanapbuhay sa Ating Disadvantaged/Displaced Workers (TUPAD) Program;
 Government Internship Program;
 Special Program for Employment of Students;
 TESDA Scholarship Programs (e.g., Tulong Trabaho Program, Training for Work Scholarship
Program, Special Training for Employment Program);
 Labor Inspection Program;
 Productivity Training Program; and
 JobStart Program.

80
Fourth Industrial Revolution, 4IR or Industry 4.0 conceptualizes rapid change to technology, industries, and societal patterns and processes in the
21st century due to increasing interconnectivity and smart automation.
81
National Certificate (NC) III refers to knowledge and skill that are a balance of theoretical and/or technical and practical. Work involves
understanding the work process, contributing to problem solving, and making decisions to determine the process, equipment and materials to be
used.
82
National Certificate (NC) IV refers to Knowledge and skill that are mainly theoretical and/or abstract with significant depth in one or more areas;
contributing to technical solutions of a non-routine or contingency nature; evaluation and analysis of current practices and the development of
new criteria and procedures.
83
Greening the curriculum means ensuring that students are capable of taking on the 21st century challenges of global warming and climate change,
social inequities, unsustainable lifestyles, and the urgent need to switch to a renewable energy-based economy.
84
Eight qualifications title offered in Region X: 1) PV System Installation NC II; 2) RAC-PACU/CRE Servicing NC III; 3) RAC (Window AC/ Domestic
Refrigeration Servicing) NC II; 4) Organic Agriculture Production NC II; 5) Automotive Servicing NC I; 6) Automotive Servicing NC II;
7) Automotive Servicing NC III; and 8) Automotive Servicing NC IV
85
National Certification II (NC II) TESDA is for learners who are interested but have no formal education background.
86
TESDA pursues the assessment and certification of the competencies of middle-level skilled workers through Philippine TVET Competency
Assessment and Certification System. A National Certificate (NC) is issued when a candidate has demonstrated competence in all units of
competency that comprised a qualification. There are four NC levels (NC I to IV), reflecting various skills and knowledge levels required.
87
DigitaljobsPH Technical Training is a project under the program ICT Literacy and Competency Development Bureau of the Department of
Information and Communications Technology which aims to increase people’s employability by providing training aimed at developing and
improving the ICT skills of Filipinos in the countryside, and opportunities for them to use these skills towards online employment.
88
The Next Wave Cities Program is a collaborative undertaking between the DICT, and the IT and Business Process Association of the Philippines,
and Leechiu Property Consultants.
89
Trifocalized education refers to the shared administration of the education system by the three agencies responsible for each education level: DepEd
for basic education, CHED for higher education and TESDA for technical-vocational education and training.
90
The Philippine Qualifications Framework describes the levels of educational qualifications and sets the standards for qualification outcomes. It is
a quality assured national system for the development, recognition and award of qualifications based on standards of knowledge, skills and values
acquired in different ways and methods by learners and workers of the country.
91
In-demand occupations refer to active occupations and job vacancies posted or advertised recurrently by and across establishments or industries.
On the other hand, hard-to-fill occupations refer to job vacancies to which the employer/company is having difficulty or taking a longer time to be
filled because job applicants are not qualified and/or there is no supply of job applicants for the particular vacancy.
92
PhilJobNet is an internet-based job and applicant matching system which aims to fast-track jobseekers search for job and employers for manpower
requirements.
93
The pillars of human capital development include the DepEd, CHED, and TESDA.
94
The Philippine Skills Framework aims to build the skills and competencies of our human capital and better prepare the country’s workforce for the
future economy.
95
Major PAP is defined as ongoing or proposed development program or project of an agency with total investment cost of at least P1 billion and is
aligned with the 8-point agenda of PBBM. Catalytic development program or project, is an ongoing or proposed program or project of an agency with
total investment cost greater or lower than P1 billion, and possesses one or both of the following characteristics: a) Enhances socioeconomic growth;
and b) Induces crowding-in of resource flows. The details, including the investment targets and project cost are further defined in the Regional
Development Investment Program (RDIP) 2023-2028, which will be formulated in the First Semester 2023.
Reduce Vulnerabilities and
Protect Purchasing Power
Filipinos aspire that “by 2040, everyone will enjoy a stable and comfortable lifestyle, secure in the
knowledge that there is enough for daily needs and unexpected expenses and that they can plan and
prepare for their own and their children’s future.” To achieve this vision, reducing vulnerabilities and
protecting purchasing the power of every citizen is imperative. Efforts towards a transformative social
protection system will be pursued to empower every Filipino in the region in attaining self-sufficiency
and resiliency to life cycle risks and economic and social challenges.

Northern Mindanao, as one of the leading agricultural hubs in the country, faces vulnerabilities and
threats to food security. This underscores the need for collective and convergent actions in making
available, healthy, accessible, and affordable food. Promoting healthy lifestyle for all entails a whole-
of-society approach in maintaining proper nutrition and inculcating a culture of active health-seeking
behavior of all Filipinos.

Priority action areas in this chapter contribute towards the attainment of the following outcomes:
a) food security and proper nutrition ensured; and b) social protection strengthened.

Subchapter 6.1 Ensure Food Security and

Proper Nutrition
Amid external and internal shocks, Region X’s priority remains in ensuring food security and proper
nutrition, especially among the most vulnerable. This entails attaining sufficient and stable supply of
food commodities, accessing affordable, safe, and nutritious food, and improving nutrition across
all ages.

Assessment and Challenges

Northern Mindanao tops food production but is vulnerable to supply-side shocks resulting in
higher food inflation and threatening food security. Northern Mindanao is among the top food
producing regions in the Philippines (See Chapters 2 and 7). It ranks first or second in the country
in the production of high-value crops such as pineapple, banana, coconut, corn, papaya, sugarcane,
cattle, hog, and poultry for livestock. At the height of the pandemic, the region’s food supply was
more than sufficient, thus, was able to export surplus supply to other regions (See Chapter 7).
Average food inflation decelerated from 1.70 percent in 2019 to 0.70 in 2020. However, average
food price level grew by 4.5 percentage points from 0.7 in 2020 to 5.2 in 2021 due to commodity
shortage and supply chain disruptions exacerbated by the Russia and Ukraine conflict. These
confluence of factors led to higher prices of domestic goods, including food commodities in
Northern Mindanao. The region’s average food inflation rate from 2021 to 2022 rose to 6.1 percent,
higher by 0.2 percentage points than the national level of 5.9 percent. Average food inflation were
highest in Iligan City and Camiguin province at 6.95 and 6.85 percent, respectively. One of the
reasons is high logistics or transportation costs, especially in Camiguin, which is an island
economy (See Annex V).

The African swine fever virus that spread through the region’s hog production in 2020-2021 and
the onslaught of Typhoon Odette in December 2021 also affected the region’s domestic food
production and transportation of agricultural commodities to markets and consumers.

Innovative food supply distribution systems were developed at the height of the pandemic that
facilitated ease of access to and affordability of food commodities. Border controls and mobility
restrictions during the height of the pandemic hampered the flow of goods from its sources to
consumers. Differing and sometimes conflicting local policies also made it difficult for consumers
and distributors to access food products, which eventually increased prices of basic commodities
in some areas, especially those that are far from Cagayan de Oro City, the region’s distribution
hub.

These factors pushed the government and private sector to seek innovative ways to distribute food
commodities and make them accessible especially to low-income households. Among these is the
KADIWA ni Ani at Kita program, a national program by the Department of Agriculture (DA) that
was also implemented in the region. The program harnessed private sector participation and
engaged communities in the food distribution system. It improved access to food through retail
selling in various location and communities, and stores-in-wheels. In 2020, total sales of KADIWA
Outlets in Region X amounted to PHP21.7 million.

Online marketing or e-commerce platforms were also developed, used, and promoted such as
E-KADIWA, kahimunan.com, and oneSTore.ph. During the pandemic, other market-led food
delivery services also emerged such as GrabFood, FoodPanda, and Maxim delivery, among others.
Some sellers also utilized social media platforms to connect with households.
Rising food prices threaten the most vulnerable households in the region. Subsistence incidence
or food poor households remain a daunting concern in Northern Mindanao. The 2021 poverty
statistics data of the Philippine Statistics Authority showed that 228,180 families are considered
food poor, comprising 6.2 percent of the total number of families in the region. The highest
concentration of food poor households are in the provinces of Bukidnon and Lanao del Norte with
29,000 (29%) and 21,530 (13.4%) food-poor families, respectively. Subsistence incidence is highest
among these agriculture-driven economies where informal or seasonal farm employment are the
main sources of income. Geographic isolation of these areas also limits access to varied and
nutritious food and exacerbates extreme poverty, further exposing these communities to food
insecurity.

The number of malnourished children is decreasing but inadequate nutrition among mothers
and infants during the first 1000 days persists. For the period 2016-2022, there is a decreasing
trend in the prevalence of underweight, wasting, and stunting among under-five children
(Figure 6.1.1) as reported by Operation Timbang Plus of the National Nutrition Council Region X
(NNC-X). Prevalence of underweight declined from 4.5 percent in 2017 to 2.3 in 2022; wasting
from 2.6 percent in 2017 to 2.3 in 2022; stunting from 8.9 percent in 2017 to 4.9 in 2022; and
overweight from 1.9 percent in 2017 to 1.2 in 2022.96

Source of data: Operation Timbang Plus, National Nutrition Council Region X

Stunting is a permanent and irreversible form of malnutrition that affected 4.9 percent of children
under the age of five in 2022. This is caused mostly by inadequate nutrition during the first 1000
days of life97 due to lack of access to healthy food, especially in geographically isolated and
disadvantaged areas; affordability of healthy foods; and poor nutrition education and lack of
information, education and communication (IEC) materials. Poor nutrition of the mother and
child during this period increases a child’s risk to diseases and infections, and some studies show
that this can impact on the child’s brain development and learning abilities in the later years. Lack
of key nutrients such as iodine, iron, folate, calcium, and zinc during pregnancy can cause anemia,
pre-eclampsia, hemorrhage, and even death. Poor nutrition among pregnant women can also lead
to stillbirth, low birthweight, wasting, and developmental delays for children. Poor nutrition
among mothers during breastfeeding also makes it more challenging to replenish nutrient stores
and meet additional dietary requirements.98

Republic Act (RA) 11148, also known as the First 1000 Days Act, consolidates health and nutrition
services to ensure that the country’s future is secure in the hands of healthy women and children.
This law aims to expand the services to address malnutrition in the country, with focus on pregnant
and lactating women, adolescent females, infants, and young children. This ensures that a child’s
future is protected against the devastating effects of malnutrition. The Early Childhood Care and
Development-First 1000 Days Program and the Tutok Kainan-Dietary Supplementation Program
(TK-DSP) of the NNC will operationalize the aforementioned law.

Regional data on nutrition is outdated. Data generated from the NNC-X is limited to four
malnutrition indicators: underweight, wasting, stunting, and overweight, and does not include
nutrient intake of households. While the National Nutrition Survey (NNS) of the DOST-FNRI
provides holistic and disaggregated data on nutrition including the nutrient intake, generation of
said data is conducted only every five years, the latest of which is in 2015. Hence, does not reflect
the prevailing or updated nutritional status of the region.

Limited financial and human resources of local governments hinder proper implementation
of nutrition-related initiatives. Among the five provinces and nine highly urbanized and
component cities in Region X, only 10 of the local government units (LGUs) have separate
nutrition offices. These are Camiguin, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Cagayan de Oro
City, El Salvador City, Gingoog City, Iligan City, Malaybalay City, Ozamiz City, and Valencia City.
Of these, only nine have full-time Nutrition Action Officers (NAOs) as reported by the NNC-X.
The situation is even worse at the municipal level, where only nine out of the 84 municipalities
have nutrition offices and only four have full time NAOs. The NAO, as the alter ego of the local
chief executive who chairs the local nutrition committee, plays a critical role in ensuring that the
nutrition program is managed well to deliver quality nutrition services to its constituents especially
the vulnerable sectors including the pregnant and lactating women, young children, the elderly,
and people with disability. For most LGUs, budget allocation for nutrition is a low priority. This
impedes the implementation of nutrition-related activities at the local level. Likewise, there is fast
turnover of nutrition workers, especially during changes of administration or leadership at the
local level affected service delivery.

Disasters and calamities aggravated hunger and malnutrition among vulnerable populations.99
Natural and man-made disasters and other emergencies disrupt the lives of people and hinder
access to nutritious food, thereby putting health and nutrition at risk. These emergencies adversely
affect vulnerable groups the most—infants, children, pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers,
older persons, and people with disabilities, among others.

The risk of a sudden deterioration in the nutritional status of the population brought by
emergencies, disasters, and critical situations, erodes the gains in improving the nutrition
situation.

Strategy Framework
Ensuring food security and proper nutrition of Filipinos toward the attainment of human well-
being requires the concerted efforts of all stakeholders. Priority strategies (Figure 6.1.2) will be
geared toward a) attaining sufficient and stable supply of food commodities; b) expanding access
of consumers to affordable, safe, and nutritious food; and c) improving nutrition across all ages.
Strategies
Outcome 1: Sufficient and stable supply of food commodities attained
Critical to ensuring food security is sufficient and stable supply of food commodities. Towards this
end, the region will increase agricultural productivity, support policies that will diversify the
region’s food supply, reduce food waste, and prepare for natural and man-made emergencies.

Boost productivity, production, and resiliency of the region’s agriculture and

fisheries sector

Enhancing the productivity and efficiency of the region’s agriculture, forestry, and fishing (AFF)
sector is key in ensuring access to a stable supply of nutritious food. Among the interventions to
be pursued are: a) enhancing the efficiency of the AFF production; b) expanding access to markets
and AFF-based enterprises, c) improving resilience of AFF value chain; and d) strengthening
agricultural institutions (See Chapter 7).

Support policies that diversify food supply sources and maximize the use of non-
traditional agricultural areas

Region X will continue to support policies and programs that will improve production
competitiveness, diversify food supply sources to augment existing domestic supply especially for
staple food, and stabilize food prices. For instance, the financial support from the Rice
Competitiveness Enhancement Fund (RCEF)100 will be tapped to increase competitiveness of local
rice production that previously benefitted other provinces such as that of Lanao del Norte.101

For international policies, the DA-X and the Regional Agricultural and Fishery Council will be
proactive in formulating and pushing policies that allow the region to maximize benefits from
international trade agreements that promote food security.

The Regional Research Development, and Innovation Committee of Northern Mindanao

(RRDIC-X) and research consortia in the region will pursue studies that would support food
supply diversification such as developing alternative production of staple commodities like adlai,
root crops, and other plant-based protein sources, and develop technologies that improve the
region’s local food production.

The DA-X will spearhead the creation of a regional market information system. They will provide
supply-demand forecasting data of key commodities (e.g., rice, meat, fish, vegetables, and sugar)
to anticipate possible shortages and facilitate timely and appropriate measures to avert impacts of
a sudden rise in domestic food prices. This information system will be one of the key components
of the proposed Metropolitan Food and Agri-production Cluster (MFAPC) project102 (See
Chapter 7).

The DA-X and LGUs will continue to support household level food production through the
distribution of seeds, planting materials, and training kits. They will also encourage households,
schools, and communities to utilize available lands and adopt innovative approaches in food
production such as hydroponics, aeroponics, and vertical gardening. It will also prepare
information materials on alternative healthy dietary food plans for households, such as the
consumption of non-cereal foods like root crops as healthy substitutes to rice and corn will be
prepared and disseminated. The region will promote household food production to ensure Food
Always in the Home.103

Maintain sufficient buffer stocking of rice and other basic and nutritious food items
for emergencies and disasters

Disasters and other emergencies disrupt food supply and may drive food insecurity. The National
Food Authority Region X will ensure sufficient rice buffer stock in strategic areas at any given time.
Households will be encouraged through an information, education and communication (IEC)
campaign to practice food stocking in preparation for calamities and disasters.
The region will promote production of healthy, safe, and convenient emergency food packs at local
levels. The LGUs, in partnership with Food Innovation Centers (FICs), local innovation platforms,
and the private sector will pursue research and development, technology development, and
innovation in producing more nutritious, safe, and convenient emergency food packs that will be
distributed during emergencies and disasters (See Chapter 10). The DSWD Region X shall ensure
the swift distribution of food packs to distressed families in affected areas, and that these food packs
will contain nutritious, culturally appropriate, and safe food, and include infant and young child
feeding commodities.

The NNC-X, in partnership with Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils
(LDRRMCs), will ensure the operationalization and implementation of the National Policy on
Nutrition Management in Emergencies and Disasters at the local level. This will be done through
a) organizing and strengthening of local nutrition clusters; b) sharing relevant nutrition and other
related information, resources, services, and systems to all concerned agencies or individuals;
c) integrating nutrition management in emergency and disaster situations as a component of the
local plans of action for nutrition and in local disaster preparedness plans; and d) providing
technological and financial support.

Intensify campaign for responsible food consumption

Northern Mindanao, with its relatively abundant food supply, will promote sustainable
consumption and reduction of food waste. The DA-X, Department of Health Center for Health
Development-Northern Mindanao (DOH CHD-NM), NNC-X, LGUs, and the private sector will
formulate a strategic advocacy and IEC campaign to encourage the general public to be responsible
food consumers and not waste food. This is also meant to intensify and support Sustainable
Development Goal (SDG) 12 on attaining sustainable production and consumption.

Outcome 2: Access of consumers to affordable, safe, and nutritious food

expanded
To ensure that consumers in Northern Mindanao have access to affordable, safe, and nutritious
food, stronger private sector participation through investment in the needed production support
services of the region will be promoted. The region will intensify the adoption and utilization of
technologies to improve food nutrition, shelf life, and packaging, and will enhance distribution
channels through physical and online platforms. A regional information system that will provide
reliable and real-time information on prices will also be pursued.
Promote private investments in facilities, transport, and logistics systems to bring safe
and nutritious food closer to consumers

To complement the efforts of the DA-X in establishing interconnected transport systems,

wholesale food terminals and trading centers, and other production and postharvest facilities in
the region, the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) Board of Investments and the Local
Economic Development Investment and Promotion Offices (LEDIPOs) at the local level will
harmonize national and local incentives to aggressively promote private participation in
investments in agriculture and fishery postharvest and complementary facilities. In particular,
incentives for private sector to invest in warehouses, cold chains, cold storage and refrigeration
facilities, mobile storage, rolling stores, processing facilities, and digital marketing channels will be
promoted (See Chapters 7, 8, and 9).

Ramp up promotion and use of digital platforms for marketing, delivery, and
payment transactions

The DA-X, DTI-X, DOST-X, in partnership with local chambers of commerce and industry and
other business organizations in the region, will ramp up the promotion of the development and
utilization of e-commerce platforms to micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) and
consumers. The Department of Information and Communications Technology Region X in
partnership with higher education institutions (HEIs) in the region will review the effectiveness
and efficiency of maintaining government-led online marketing platforms.

The Local Price Coordinating Councils, in partnership with the DTI-X and the DA-X, will sustain
efforts to strengthen price and supply monitoring of food commodities. For this, a regional
information system will be developed to provide supply-demand forecasting information of key
commodities, which will provide real-time information to the public via radio, television, and
social media.

Improve food transportation and distribution processes to hasten and ensure

unhampered movement of food products

The DA-X, in partnership with DTI-X and the Department of Public Works and Highways
Region X and stakeholders from the logistics services sector, will review the food distribution and
transportation processes in the region, especially in geographically-isolated and disadvantaged
areas (GIDAs), including Convergence Areas for Peace and Development Areas (CAPDev) focus
barangays. The Regional Development Council of Northern Mindanao (RDC-X) Infrastructure
and Utilities Development Committee (InfraCom) will push for investments in critical
infrastructure and services that improve connectivity, especially in GIDAs, CAPDev barangays,
and the island province of Camiguin.

The RDC-X will push for harmonized policies and processes that would facilitate unhampered
flow of food products, especially during emergencies and disasters.

Intensify promotion of food labeling and food safety measures

The DA-X will generate broad based support to the national government’s efforts to strengthen
the implementation of measures and other existing rules and regulations in managing risks and
addressing food safety and quality standards. Initiatives that started during the pandemic, such as
the Farm to Fork Integrated Food Safety Measures of the DOST-X, will also be sustained and
intensified. Further, information campaign on food safety will also be expanded to reach all
communities and households in the region.

Outcome 3: Nutrition across all ages improved

Nutrition plays a critical role in human resource development as deficiencies in essential nutrients
could eventually lead to malnutrition, which can adversely impact an individual's mental and
physical state, affecting as individual’s performance.

Therefore, improving the nutritional status of individuals in the region guarantees a well-
nourished and healthy workforce, which is a pre-condition for sustainable development. This
section presents strategies to address the gaps and issues and the overall outcome of improving
nutrition across all ages.

Intensify measures to ensure proper maternal, infant, and young child nutrition

Existing supplemental feeding programs of the DOH CHD-NM, such as the Infant and Young
Child Feeding104 will also be continued to improve child survival and promote healthy growth and
development. Likewise, the Micronutrient Supplementation Program105 to reduce the prevalence
of micronutrient deficiencies among pregnant mothers, infants, and children will be sustained.

Promotion and distribution of IEC materials on nutrition-related programs such as the

10 Kumainments and Pinggang Pinoy will be amplified. The NNC-X, in partnership with the
Philippine Information Agency of Region X and the tri-media partners, will translate these IEC
materials into the region’s vernacular languages, customize them for each specific target audience,
and format them to fit various platforms such as print, social media, and radio.

The government through the NNC-X will increase investments in programs and policies that
promote, protect, and support breastfeeding, such as a) raising awareness on the importance of
breastfeeding preparation; b) integrating breastfeeding with each antenatal visit; c) conducting
capacity-building activities for community breastfeeding counselors, midwives and other
healthcare providers to give practical guidance to mothers for establishing breastfeeding from after
delivery through the postpartum period; d) improving access to skilled breastfeeding counseling
in healthcare facilities; and e) advocating health and community services to include breastfeeding
counseling with mothers and babies for vaccinations, growth monitoring, and infant and young
child nutrition counseling and medical care. This will be completed with the promotion and
intensification of maternal health programs, such as prenatal check-up, vitamin supplementation
programs, and IEC to promote health-seeking behavior.

To ensure proper health among under-five children and infants, promotion of supplemental
feeding and vaccination for under-five children, as well as, breastfeeding, vaccination, and
micronutrient supplementation for infants will be sustained.

To guarantee that all children, especially infants and children with special needs, are provided with
adequate care and social support, said offices in partnership with the private sector and local
communities will establish more child development centers equipped with appropriate facilities
and workers including developmental pediatricians (See Subchapter 4.1).

Promote mother and child health through social infrastructure support in the First
1,000 Days

The NNC-X, DOH CHD-NM, DepEd-X, CHED-X, TESDA-X, DOLE-X, CSC-X, DILG-X and
LGUs will also aggressively promote and improve social structures that support and enable
mothers to breastfeed in the community and workplaces as part of the implementation of healthy
settings in the region (See Subchapter 4.1). Hence, in partnership with civil society organizations
and the private sector, more mother-baby-friendly initiatives in public spaces and workplaces will
be established. This effort will be complemented with social and behavior change communication
activities and intensified IEC campaigns on breastfeeding and other feeding practices.

Ensuring support to mothers during the first 1,000 days of life can be more than just through
improvements of social structures to enable mothers to breastfeed in the community and in the
workplace. This could also come in the form of support groups in breastfeeding centers. This will
not only provide emotional support but trained counselors who hold breastfeeding classes and
offer counselling services for mothers who need help and assistance during their breastfeeding
journey.

Adopt a whole-of-society approach in promoting a healthy lifestyle and culture of

active health-seeking behavior among Filipinos

The NNC will intensify the implementation of nutrition-related interventions under the
Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition (PPAN) 2023-2028 and its ensuing local plans, to improve
nutrition and health literacy and promote health-seeking behavior among individuals in the
region.

To combat the problem of obesity, the NNC-X will intensify implementation of activities under
the Overweight and Obesity Management and Prevention Program child obesity. This multi-
sectoral program implements strategies for fostering a healthy food environment and promoting
positive nutrition behaviors toward consumption of healthier diets.

Consumption of local and traditional nutritious foods will be encouraged to support local farmers
and processors in the region through the collaborative efforts of the NNC-X and DA-X. These
include the promotion of organically grown and processed products as healthy and chemical-free
food options and alternatives to meet dietary needs, such as root crops, fruits, vegetables, and
seaweeds.

The DOST-X, in convergence with higher education institutions and FICs in the region, will
conduct and support research and development and innovation on food fortification. This entails
the development of safe, affordable, nutritious, and energy-dense food products that would be
beneficial especially for vulnerable groups and communities. Likewise, development of processing
and packaging technologies to prolong shelf life and improve the nutritional content of food
products will also be pursued. The use of digital technologies, particularly those that focus on food-
system interventions, will be reviewed and integrated in nutrition-related programs and projects.

Improve nutrition governance especially in local government units to provide access,

human resource, and adequate funds

The NNC Governing Board, through Resolution No. 4 (s. 2019), approved the LGU Mobilization
Plan to scale up efforts in achieving the desired nutrition outcomes set in the PPAN. The LGU
mobilization strategy adopts a peer learning system which includes, among others, the
mobilization of highly performing LGUs in the region to shepherd or mentor fellow LGUs through
NNC’s Nutrition Shepherding Initiative.

This convergence of interventions will maximize the returns on nutrition investments through
horizontal and vertical government coordination activities of the Regional Nutrition Committee
in Region X. To ensure implementation of nutrition-related programs under the PPAN, the
NNC-X and the Regional Nutrition Evaluation Team, will continue to monitor the initiatives of
local nutrition offices and committees, NAOs, and BNS through the Monitoring and Evaluation
of Local Level Plan Implementation Protocol.

Schools in the region will also play a part in improving the nutritional status of students through
school-based feeding programs and other initiatives such as the 1) prohibition against the selling,
promotion, and marketing or advertising of unhealthy foods (i.e., ultra-processed foods, junk
foods, and sugary drinks) within 100 meters of school premises in all public and private
preparatory, elementary, junior, and senior high schools; 2) linking feeding programs to local
agriculture and FICs; and 3) improving nutrition knowledge and establishing behaviors conducive
to better health outcomes among students.

The NNC-X and LGUs will strengthen the BNS program, establish and improve the functionality
and capacity of local nutrition offices/committees and NAOs, and strengthen the coordination
system between national and local government. Access to expedited delivery of nutrition-related
services to the most vulnerable groups and poorer communities will also be prioritized.

Establish an updated regional and disaggregated data system on nutrition

Strong nutrition information systems help governments collect, analyze, and use nutrition data in
making decisions that improve nutrition across all life stages. The DOST-FNRI will establish an
updated regional, local and sex-disaggregated data system on nutrition to provide a more granular
view of the nutrition situation in all LGUs in the region. This information is necessary in
formulating more focused nutrition-related interventions for various beneficiary groups. It
provides a clearer picture of the diet quality of children, youth, and adults in the region, and
supplies inputs in the formulation and implementation of focused interventions for public health
nutrition policies and programs at the subnational and local levels.
The Regional Statistics Committee (RSC) under the RDC-X will push for the conduct of the
National Nutrition Survey (NNS) to generate annual data at the regional and local levels. In 2018
to 2021, the NNS is conducted as a rolling survey to cover the five provinces and two HUCs in
Region X.

Legislative Agenda
RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE
AGENCIES
Urban Agriculture Law The proposed law aims to promote urban agriculture Department of Agriculture
and vertical farming in the country’s metropolitan areas Region X (DA-X), Department of
as a means to contribute to the attainment of food the Interior and Local
security. Under this proposal, the use of available Government Region X,
government and private land resources in urban areas Department of Education Region
suitable for growing crops and raising poultry, livestock, X (DEPED-X), Local Government
and aquaculture will be promoted for agriculture Units (LGUs), State Universities
purposes. and Colleges
Food Waste Management This policy seeks to address the growing food waste National Nutrition Council
Policy problem in the country by adopting and institutionalizing Region X (NNC-X), Department of
mechanisms that will promote, facilitate, and ensure Environment and Natural
food waste reduction across different sectors of society Resources, Department of Social
(e.g., households, food establishments, food distributors, Welfare and Development
and supermarkets). This will include the establishment Region X, Department of Health
of food donation and distribution platforms and Center for Health Development
networks such as food banks and community pantries; Northern Mindanao, DA-X,
and community composting that may be linked with Department of Trade and
initiatives on developing green urban spaces, including Industry Region X, Department of
urban agriculture sites. Tourism Region X, Department of
Energy Mindanao Field Office,
This is significant for the region especially in urban areas LGUs
and the metropolitanization of Cagayan de Oro, which
would require more food requirements in the future.
Food wastage management policy would provide
aniticipatory measures related to food security in
Region X metropolitan area.
Amendments of PD 1569 or The proposed amendments will upgrade the LGUs, NNC
the Barangay Nutrition qualification standards, incentives, and benefits and will
Scholars (BNS) Law ensure the security of tenure of BNS.
Establishment of LGU The presence of a dedicated nutrition office with LGUs, NNC
Nutrition Offices adequate and competent staff will ensure that LGUs
have nutrition focal persons on the ground. It will
contribute to the effective and efficient implementation
of nutrition programs for targeted beneficiaries,
especially the vulnerable and high-risk groups.
 RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE
AGENCIES
Anti-unhealthy Foods in Prohibition in selling, promoting, marketing, and LGUs, DepEd, NNC
Schools advertising of unhealthy foods (i.e., ultra-processed
foods, junk foods, and sugary drinks) within 100 meters
of school premises in all public and private preparatory,
elementary, junior, and senior high schools.

Research Agenda
RESPONSIBLE
RESEARCH AGENDA RATIONALE
AGENCIES
Innovations on food Assess the region’s programs on food fortification and Department of Science and
fortification using explore new innovations using advanced and emerging Technology - Food and Nutrition
advanced and emerging technologies to increase nutritional value of food Research Institute (DOST-FNRI),
technologies to increase especially in developing food packs during disasters and National Nutrition Council (NNC)
nutritional value of food emergencies

Frequency of consumption Determine the frequency and amount of unhealthy DOST-FNRI, NNC, Department of
of unhealthy foods (i.e., foods consumed by children with sex and age Education (DepEd)
ultra-processed foods, junk disaggregation. It aims to provide empirical evidence on
foods, and sugary drinks) the degree of food consumption of unhealthy foods
among young population. The data would provide policy
recommendations on the importance of nutritional
intake of students, which is the human capital of the
region.
Assessment on the Determine the proportion of establishments with Department of Health (DOH), NNC
mother-baby friendly mother-baby friendly initiatives, especially on social and
communities and infrastructure support to enable mothers to breastfeed
workplaces in communities and workplaces.

Health and nutrition Assess the factors that contribute to the prevalence of NNC
practices in the First 1000 malnutrition in the First 1000 Days. This will document
Days in populations with practices and avert unhealthy practices in these areas.
high prevalence of
malnutrition and poverty
incidence

Harmonization of local and The study will identify the costs and benefits of State Universities and Colleges
national policies on hampering the flow of goods especially food items
unhampered flow of goods during emergencies and disasters. The study would
during disasters or also measure which area in the region could result in
emergencies) higher costs implications if flow of food items will be
prevented or hampered.
Results Matrix
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
END OF
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCYa/
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
TARGET
AGENCYb
Chapter Outcome: Reduce Vulnerabilities and Protect Purchasing Power
Subsistence incidence among 6.2 5.0-6.0 N/Ad 4.0-5.0 N/A 4.0-5.0 3.0-4.0 3.0-4.0 Philippine PSA-X, Local
families decreased (%) (2021) Statistics Government
Authority Units (LGUs)
(PSA) Report
Subsistence incidence among 9.3 7.0-8.0 N/Ad 6.0-7.0 N/A 5.0-6.0 4.0-5.0 4.0-5.0
PSA Report PSA-X LGUs
population decreased (%) (2021) - -
Outcome 1: Sufficient and stable supply of food commodities attained
Rice self-sufficiency ratio 85.7 86-88 86-88 86-88 86-88 86-88 86-88 86-88 Department DA-X
increased (%) (2021) of Agriculture
Region X
(DA-X) Report
Corn self-sufficiency ratio 114.71 114 -120 114 -120 114 -120 114 – 114 -120 114 -120 114 -120 DA-X Report DA-X
increased (%) (2021) 120
Fish self-sufficiency ratio TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD Bureau of BFAR-X
increased (%) Fisheries and
Aquatic
Resources
Region X
(BFAR-X)
Report
Available rice buffer stock for 120 (2021) 450- 450- 450- 450- 450-900 450-900 450- Agency National Food
emergencies/disasters 900 900 900 900 900 Reports Authority, Local
maintained within target range106 Disaster Risk
(‘000 bags of 50kg) Reduction and
Management
Councils
Outcome 2: Access of consumers to affordable, safe, and nutritious food expanded
Chapter 6.1 Ensure Food Security and Proper Nutrition
Food inflation rate kept within 5.2 2.5-4.5 2.0-4.0 2.0-4.0 2.0-4.0 2.0-4.0 2.0- 2.0-4.0 PSA Report PSA-X, National
target (%) (2021) 4.0 Economic and
Development
Authority
Region X
(NEDA-X)
Ratio of Food Expenditure to Total 40.6 36-40 36-40 36-40 36-40 36-40 36-40 36-40 Food Security PSA-X
Family Expenditure maintained (2015) Indicators
within target range
Outcome 3: Nutrition across all ages improved
Prevalence of households 26.9 28.1 29.3 30.5 31.7 32.9 34.1 34.1 National Department of
meeting 100% of recommended (2015) Nutrition Science and
energy intake increased (%) Survey (NNS) Technology -
Food and
Nutrition
Research
Institute (DOST-
FNRI), National
Nutrition
Council Region
X (NNC-X)
Prevalence of moderately and 42.8 34.7 32.9 31.3 29.7 28.2 26.7 26.7 NNS DOST-FNRI,
severely food insecure (2015) NNC-X
households reduced (%)
Prevalence of underweight 2.29 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.5 Operation NNC-X
among under-five children (2022) Timbang
reduced (%) (OPT) Plus
 ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
END OF
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCYa/
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) VERIFICATION REPORTING
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 TARGET
AGENCYb
Prevalence of wasting among 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 OPT Plus NNC-X
under-five children reduced (%) (2022)

Prevalence of stunting among 4.9 4.2 3.5 2.7 2.0 1.3 0.6 0.6 OPT Plus NNC-X
under-five children reduced (%) (2022)

Prevalence of overweight among 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 OPT Plus NNC-X
under-five children reduced (%) (2022)

a/
Agency accountable for delivering the outputs/achievement of outcome
b/
Lead agency responsible for reporting progress on indicator target
c/
All results matrix indicators in Chapter 7 Modernize Agriculture and Agribusiness also lead to the attainment of the Chapter 6.1 Outcome
d/
Poverty statistics released every two years

Major Catalytic Programs and Projects107

To ensure food security and proper nutrition, and region’s strategies will be translated into specific
programs and projects, on top of the government’s regular programs and projects, as follows:

 Food parks and Metro Food and Agri-Production Cluster (MFAPC) (See Chapter 7 for
other priority programs and projects to boost agricultural productivity and improve sector
resilience);
 Urban Precision Agriculture Complex (UPAC);
 KADIWA ni Ani at Kita;
 Digitalization of Food Production Systems (See Chapters 8, 9 and 10);
 Organic food production and vertical food production;
 IEC campaign on responsible and healthy food consumption;
 Online Regional Price Monitoring Information System;
 Fortification of food products;
 Updating of regional database on nutrition;
 10 Kumainments and Pinggang Pinoy;
 Implementation of the Tutok Kainan-DSP in the provinces of Bukidnon and Lanao del
Norte;
 Early Childhood Care Development-First 1000 Days of Life (ECCD-F1K);
 Nutrition Shepherding Initiative; and
 Strengthening social and infrastructure support to enable mothers to breastfeed in
communities and workplaces in the region (i.e., childminding and breastfeeding centers).
Subchapter 6.2 Strengthen Social Protection
Strengthening social protection focuses on enabling individuals and communities to achieve self-
sufficiency and resiliency by targeting needs and providing equitable assistance. In Region X, efforts
have been intensified to improve the living conditions of children, women, senior citizens, persons with
disabilities (PWDs), indigenous peoples (IPs), and other vulnerable groups.

The region will sustain its efforts toward a transformative social protection system by ensuring that
individuals receive appropriate interventions, especially those in disadvantaged areas and
circumstances. Programs and projects will revolve around enabling individuals and communities to
attain sustainable self-sufficiency and resiliency by establishing statistical visibility such as the degree
of ease to monitor, display, and analyze data from disparate sources, targeting needs, and rationalizing
assistance.

Planning and monitoring of implemented programs, activities, and projects (PAPs) will involve wider
civic participation and will espouse the principle of nothing for us, without us among vulnerable groups.
Existing services will be fortified to reduce vulnerabilities, deter exploitation and abuse, address the
impacts of displacement, and diminish distress.

Assessment and Challenges

Poverty rates increased due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The 2018 official
poverty statistics of Region X showed a significant decline in poverty incidence among families
from 32.3 percent in 2015 to 17.3 percent in 2018.108 Likewise, poverty incidence among population
went down to 23.1 percent from 38.7 percent over the same period. A total of 684,000 Filipinos in
the region were lifted from poverty in 2018, exceeding the 2022 target of 500,000. Based on these
results, the region achieved its poverty targets set in the Regional Development Plan 2017-2022
Midterm Update, two years ahead of schedule.

However, the pandemic, which started in the first quarter of 2020, eroded these gains as poverty
incidence among families increased from 17.3 percent (194,220 poor families) in 2018 to 19.2
percent (228,183 poor families) in 2021, translating to 33,963 additional poor families in the region.

Results of the National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS-PR) or the
Listahanan 3: Talaan ng Pamilyang Nangangailangan of the Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD)109 revealed that as of 31 December 2019, out of the 899,290 households
assessed in Northern Mindanao, 43 percent or 385,293 are considered poor. Sixty-six percent of
these poor households (254,188) reside in rural areas.110
Programs to address life cycle and individual risks of vulnerable groups were implemented.
The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps),111 the premier human development program of
the national government in reducing poverty, supported a total of 266,665 households in the region
as of 31 December 2021.

In line with the Kilos-Unlad strategy,112 a total of 6,393 households were already turned over to
their respective local government units (LGUs) for continued support services. These households
exited from the program due to natural attrition and/or have reached the maximum level of well-
being which is Self–sufficiency. On the 4Ps’ compliance rate, the region has an average of 90.14
percent overall compliance from Period 1 to Period 4 of 2021. The compliance to education among
15-18 years old remained the lowest with 83.12 percent while attendance to family development
sessions posted the highest compliance rate of 97.73 percent among other conditions.

In 2021, a total of 214,436 senior citizens were assisted under the Social Pension program and 115
women and children survivors of abuse were served at the DSWD-X’s Crisis Intervention Centers,
including Home for Girls, Regional Haven for Women, and Regional Rehabilitation Center for
Youth. In the same year, the DSWD-X reported a total of 116,457 beneficiaries served under the
Assistance to Individuals in Crisis Situation (AICS)113 program in Northern Mindanao. Said
program was focused towards COVID-19 pandemic assistance and Typhoon Odette rehabilitation
and recovery efforts.

The Child-Friendly Local Governance Audit, which assesses LGU programs and projects for
children, was conducted annually during the period 2017-2021. However, in 2021, only 24 of the
93 LGUs in the region achieved an ideal level of functionality of Local Councils for the Protection
of Children (LCPCs).114 As local and community-based institutions, functional LCPCs are
recognized as valuable and strategic mechanisms for the implementation of policies, programs,
and projects addressing the concerns of children. The Social Protection Program for Adolescent
Mothers and their Children, the Infant and Young Child Feeding Program, and the Early
Childhood Care Development were sustained for 0-6-year-old children.

Based on the 2021 profiling conducted by the Department of Labor and Employment Region X
(DOLE-X), the region has 14,929 child laborers in the region. Interventions were implemented to
end the worst forms of child labor, including the Anti-Online Sexual Abuse or Exploitation of
Children (OSAEC), Strategic Helpdesks for Information, Education, Livelihood, and other
Development Interventions (SHIELD), Child Labor Prevention and Elimination Program
(CLPEP), DOLEkula short films campaign against child labor, and the Balay Paglaum crisis
centers. Programs to address child labor were also implemented through government-civil society
partnerships. Despite the success of these interventions, challenges remain in terms of the lack of
support from LGUs and poor cooperation from employers and parents on data generation,
collection, reporting, and referral of child labor cases.

As of 31 December 2019, a total of 231,606 Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) were registered in
the region, of which 39 percent are from the province of Misamis Oriental, and 67 percent are sea-
based. There were also 1,057 distressed OFWs (25 were undocumented) who were assisted by
Overseas Workers Welfare Administration Region X (OWWA-X).

Because of the pandemic, 614 OFWs in 2020 and 1,662 OFWs in 2021 returned to the region and
were assisted by the National Reintegration Center for OFWs of the OWWA-X. They were assisted
through the OWWA’s Livelihood Assistance for Distressed Workers, Tulong Puso Program, and
other support services in the form of scholarships and training, and welfare and repatriation
services.

Economic risks were managed. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the country provided for the
needs of communities through Republic Act (RA) 11469 (Bayanihan to Heal as One Act) and RA
11494 (Bayanihan to Recover as One Act). The region extended emergency subsidies to 626,247
poor families through the Social Amelioration Program, which provided monetary grants for
families to weather the early months of the public health crisis. An additional 133,887 poor families
were also granted monetary aid in 2021.

The informal sector was prioritized in the provision of Livelihood Assistance Grants under the
Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP-LAG) and the development of affordable social security and
financial products. From 2019 to 2021, a total of 27,723 individuals were assisted under SLP-LAG
in Region X. There were also 222,760 displaced workers who were beneficiaries of the Tulong
Panghanapbuhay sa Ating Disadvantaged/Displaced Workers (TUPAD) from 2019 to 2021. The
implementation of TUPAD was intensified as one of the government’s banner programs during
the pandemic.

The pandemic exposed the absence of social safety nets and unemployment assistance for cultural
workers and creatives, which were among the most badly hit industries during the COVID-19
pandemic.

The pandemic saw the shift to digital payment systems due to lock downs and mobility restrictions
and spurred the surge in the use of mobile financial services. As of 31 December 2022, one of the
country’s leading privately-owned digital wallets recorded more than 65 million users nationwide,
with 19 million peak daily transactions. This facilitates not only financial inclusion but also easier
and faster delivery of government financial aid.

A total of 1,892 farmers and fisherfolk beneficiaries in the region were provided with production
and marketing assistance through the Department of Agriculture’s (DA) KADIWA program115 as
of 31 December 2022. A total of 7,902 corn farmers were given subsidy cards under the Fuel
Subsidy for Farmers during the onset of the global oil crisis as of 11 November 2022. Rice farmer-
beneficiaries from the Rice Farmers Financial Assistance reached 25,590 in 2021.

Recurrent and new risks facing the vulnerable sectors persisted. The United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) reported a total of 31,065 displaced individuals as of
31 December 2021 in Northern Mindanao. The same UNHCR report showed an estimated 21,480
individuals displaced by natural disasters and another 5,204 displaced by armed conflicts in the
region. Seventy individuals affected by Typhoon Falcon in 2019 remained in transitory shelters.

Internally displaced persons (IDPs) suffer from uncertain and poor conditions, which have been
worsened by a) the continuing armed conflict between state and non-state actors; b) ongoing
military operations as part of strengthening anti-terrorism efforts; c) lack of access to assistance,
basic services, and personal documentation; and d) lack of information on available mechanisms
to address housing, land, and property rights related issues.

In 2021, there were 15 cases of Children in Situations of Armed Conflict (CSAC) in the region,
seven girls and eight boys. The plight of CSAC cases is made more challenging by the: a) prevalence
of recruitment and use of children in armed conflict; b) lack of knowledge and understanding of
RA 11188 or “Special Protection of Children in Situation of Armed Conflict” and its implementing
rules and regulations and protocols, especially among duty bearers; c) lack of child-friendly
facilities to cater to CSAC; d) lack of referral systems and support networks; and e) prolonged
confinement of CSAC in military camps.

As of 31 December 2022, the region has a total of 1,601,893 IPs, with the Higaonon tribe being the
largest ethnic group. Majority of the IP population are from Bukidnon (53%), followed by Misamis
Oriental (30%). In 2022, the region has six approved Certificates of Ancestral Domain Title, and
two Certificates of Ancestral Land Titles registered with the Registry of Deeds. A total of 20
ancestral domain certificate holders are in the process of formulating their respective Ancestral
Domains Sustainable Development and Protection Plans (ADSDPP). The sustained assistance of
government in delineating and registering ancestral domains for the past years has facilitated the
resolution of land conflict among IP communities.
Response and relief activities to address the increasing intensity and frequency of natural or
human-induced hazards were intensified. Recent calamities have amplified the need to evaluate
the types of assistance provided to affected individuals in disaster-stricken areas, especially as
climate change is expected to bring more intense and frequent natural disasters.

The shear line from 24 December 2022 to the first week of January 2023 brought heavy and
torrential rains in Northern Mindanao,116 which resulted in flooding and landslides in many areas.
The provinces of Misamis Occidental and Misamis Oriental were the most heavily affected. This
prompted the LGUs to evacuate residents and conduct search and rescue operations. A total of
35,002 families or 143,697 individuals were affected, with partial and total damages to housing,
infrastructure, agriculture, and properties. There were 42 reported casualties, with 26 dead and 16
injured.

On 16 December 2021, heavy rains and strong winds from Super Typhoon Odette inflicted
suffering on the most disadvantaged and vulnerable sectors, namely, women, children, senior
citizens, and PWDs, while the region was still reeling from the impacts of the COVID-19
pandemic. The Post Disaster Needs Assessment reported a total of 17,541 workers affected by the
typhoon, majority (12,702) belong in the informal sector. The region was able to apply the lessons
learned from Tropical Storm Sendong in 2011, including pre-emptive evacuations of families in
disaster-prone areas. However, the readiness of LGUs before and during disasters still needs to be
strengthened.

Among the region’s banner programs that provided aid during disasters include the AICS, which
catered to all clients, and the Augmentation and Disaster Response Services, which served LGUs
in the region from 2017 to 2022. Religious and civic organizations likewise provided aid to
distressed and displaced individuals and families.

Key legislations strengthened the implementation of social protection programs. Several

landmark legislations were implemented such as RA 11916 (Social Pension for Indigent Senior
Citizens Act), RA 11930 (Anti-Online Sexual Abuse or Exploitation of Children and Anti-Child
Sexual Abuse or Exploitation Materials Act), and RA 11310 (4Ps Act).

To protect the rights and promote the welfare of OFWs, the Department of Migrant Workers
(DMW) was created in 2022 per RA 11641. The DMW is mandated to facilitate the overseas
employment and reintegration of Filipino workers and promote the empowerment and protection
of OFWs through continuous training and knowledge development. Moreover, the passage of
RA 11862 or the Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2022 prioritized assistance to and
protection of vulnerable individuals.

Several policy reforms were implemented for the working sector such as RA 11210 or the Expanded
Maternity Leave Law of 2019, which extends postnatal care for both mother and child. RA 11861
or the Expanded Solo Parents Welfare Act of 2021 prioritizes solo parents in targeted
interventions. The institutionalization of flexible working arrangements, offering work-life
integration for the labor force, was also implemented.

Various laws supporting other social protection programs were also implemented, which include
the following: a) RA 11055 – Philippine Identification System (PhilSys) Act (2018); b) RA 11199
– Social Security Act (2018); c) RA 11223 – Universal Health Care Act (2018); d) RA 11315 –
Community-Based Monitoring System Act (2019); and e) RA 11596 – Anti-Child Marriage Law
(2021).

Strategy Framework
Implementing rationalized and integrated social protection will require cooperation from various
stakeholders in building the resiliency and adaptive capacities of communities in the region. This
chapter’s strategy framework (See Figure 6.2.1) includes key interventions in protecting vulnerable
groups and empowering Filipinos to manage individual or life cycle risks and those arising from
economic uncertainties, natural or human-induced hazards, or political risks. Achieving a
universal and integrated social protection system will help attain the collective aspiration of
prosperous, inclusive, and resilient individuals and communities.

The strategies are aligned with the national commitment to realize Sustainable Development Goal
(SDG) 1 to end poverty in all its forms, everywhere; SDG 5 to achieve gender equality and empower
all women and girls; and SDG 10 to reduce inequality within and among countries.
Strategies
Outcome 1: Individual and life cycle risks mitigated
Approaches that will address and mitigate the different risks and vulnerabilities at various stages
of life will be undertaken by service providers and concerned stakeholders in the region.

Rationalize and ensure universal access to social protection programs

Universal access to social protection is crucial in reducing poverty and boosting prosperity in
Northern Mindanao. The region will continue to strengthen the convergent delivery of social
protection programs, including the 4Ps, Social Pension Program for Indigent Senior Citizens,
DOLE Integrated Livelihood and Emergency Program, TUPAD, Mandatory PhilHealth Coverage
for all PWDs and other indigent members, and the Convergence Areas for Peace and Development
Program117. These programs will be expanded to cover more vulnerable populations in
geographically-isolated and disadvantaged areas.

Shifting mindsets from “dole-out” to “build-up” is the primary principle in guiding the
beneficiaries in sustaining and improving socioeconomic status as a means of optimizing cash
grants and livelihood opportunities. Thus, to ensure successful program implementation, capacity
development activities for eligible beneficiaries will be regularly undertaken prior to the provision
of cash grants. Incentive and enhancement programs will be introduced to successful grantees.
Reporting and monitoring mechanisms of beneficiaries will be continued to ensure the
sustainability of assistance.

For the household-beneficiaries of the 4Ps, stringent monitoring and provision of interventions to
sustain their level of well–being should be the utmost priority of the program.

Ensure full and effective implementation of laws that protect vulnerable sectors

Through RA 7610 (Local Government Code of 1991), the functionality of barangay institutions in
the region, such as local Disability Affairs Offices (DAOs), Offices for Senior Citizen Affairs
(OSCAs), LCPCs, Violence Against Women and Children Desks, Indigenous Peoples Mandatory
Representatives, Public Employment Service Offices (PESOs), and Barangay Health Units will be
strengthened in coordination with the Department of the Interior and Local Government Region
X (DILG-X), DSWD-X, DOLE-X, Department of Health Center for Health Development-
Northern Mindanao (DOH CHD-NM), and the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples
Region X (NCIP-X). Capacitating these local institutions will bolster the effective implementation
of laws that protect vulnerable sectors.

The rights of the IPs will be protected and promoted in the implementation of programs and
projects through strict compliance with the requirement of securing Free, Prior, and Informed
Consent. The NCIP-X, in coordination with the indigenous cultural communities (ICCs) and
LGUs, will formulate and implement the respective ADSDPP to ensure the protection of ICCs/IPs
and their resources.

The Commission on Human Rights Region X (CHR-X) will fully support the passage of the Sexual
Orientation, Gender Identity and Expression, and Sex Characteristics Equality Bill to protect the
rights of the members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning, intersex,
asexual, and more (LGBTQIA+) community and protect them against discrimination.
Implement a holistic approach in addressing the worst forms of child labor
including online sexual abuse and exploitation of children (OSAEC), violence
against women and children (VAWC), and violations of acceptable conditions
of work

The region will strengthen the implementation of multi-stakeholder and coordinative strategies,
such as the DOLE-X’s CLPEP, DSWD-X’s SHIELD program, and other anti-children exploitation
programs. Through government-civil society sector partnerships, said strategies will be
undertaken to address child labor and its worst forms. Full implementation of RA 9262 (Anti-
Violence against Women and their Children Act of 2004) and RA 11930 (Anti-OSAEC Law of
2022) will be pursued and monitored. The role of LGUs in the reporting and documentation of
cases, referral system, provision of immediate intervention, and implementation of related
programs and projects will also be strengthened.

Existing regional and local bodies will continue to implement and monitor the plans, programs,
and projects addressing the concerns of the vulnerable sectors, such as child labor and its worst
forms, gender and development, and VAWC. These bodies include: a) Regional Inter-Agency
Committee Against Trafficking and Violence Against Women and Children; b) Regional Gender
and Development Committee; c) Regional Committee for the Welfare of Children (RCWC); and
d) Regional Council Against Child Labor. Collaboration among public and private partners will be
strengthened through institutional mechanisms and policies for the promotion and protection of
the rights of vulnerable sectors.

The DILG-X, through the Seal of Good Local Governance in the social protection and sensitivity
governance areas, will continue to assess mechanisms that support said concerns at the local level.

Outcome 2: Economic risks managed

To reduce risks driven by economic shocks among populations, which may result in the sudden
loss of income and livelihood, prevention efforts and government policies will be adopted in the
region.
Promote financial literacy for better awareness of financial services, savings
generation, and insurance coverage

The National Economic and Development Authority Region X will sustain its partnership with the
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas–Cagayan de Oro Branch, Securities and Exchange Commission–
Cagayan de Oro Extension Office, and the academe in the conduct of activities during the
Economic and Financial Literacy and Investor Protection Week every second week of November
each year. This initiative will be expanded to reach more individuals, particularly 4Ps grantees and
IPs. The National Commission on Muslim Filipinos Region X will also promote Islamic
investments and finances to strengthen the financial inclusion of Muslim Filipino communities.

Likewise, concerned agencies implementing social protection programs will ensure the inclusion
of a financial literacy component as part of the social preparation of beneficiaries. This will teach
the beneficiaries to save money and practice financial discipline to sustain the benefits of financial
and livelihood assistance/grants they received.

Improve social safety nets and benefits for vulnerable sectors

The region supports the expansion of coverage and benefits from the Social Security System (SSS)
and the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) to include unemployment benefits and
disability coverage for vulnerable sectors. Special packages on unemployment insurance will be
proposed, particularly for workers in the culture, arts, and creative industries, who were the hardest
hit during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Philippine Health Insurance Corporation will continue to implement the mandatory
PhilHealth coverage for all PWDs pursuant to RA 11228,118 ensuring the protection and promotion
of their right to health and medical care. The DSWD-X and the Regional Committee on Disability
Affairs will push for legislation augmenting financial support, including subsidized SSS
contributions, for the vulnerable sectors, particularly PWDs.

Also, a Disability Support Allowance Program under the DSWD will be proposed to provide
additional monthly pensions and supplement the basic income of households with PWD members.

Enhance and promote social and life insurance products

Enrolment to social and life insurance schemes can help vulnerable sectors in reducing
vulnerability from economic risks, critical illness, unemployment, and other forms of difficulties.
Subsidized SSS contributions to protect marginalized households from life cycle risks will be
considered. The expansion of mandatory health insurance for indigent members through
PhilHealth, as well as, pension, unemployment, and retirement welfare will also be undertaken in
the region.

Ensure agricultural insurance to qualified farmers and fisherfolk

Protection of marginal farmers and fisherfolk during an economic crisis must be ensured through
effective market interventions. The Department of Trade and Industry Region X (DTI-X), DA-X,
and the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Region X will monitor prices, particularly of
basic commodities, to safeguard both producers and consumers against unwarranted price
fluctuations. The Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation Region X will continue to provide free
agricultural insurance through the implementation of the Agriculture Insurance Program for
subsistence farmers and fisherfolk (See Chapter 7).

Implement a comprehensive reintegration pathway for returning OFWs and

Internally Displaced Persons

Compulsory SSS coverage of OFWs will be sustained. Labor market interventions, such as
employment facilitation and job placements, which will impact the reintegration of repatriated
OFWs, will be undertaken by the DTI-X, OWWA-X, and the Philippine Overseas Employment
Administration Region X. A one-stop shop to be operated by the DMW in the region will guide
returning OFWs in their choices to resettle, retire, or rejoin the labor sector or become
entrepreneurs.

Overcoming the challenges of IDPs will require institutionalized solutions. The Department of
Justice will continue to support the full adoption of Executive Order (EO) 163 (s. 2022),
“Institutionalizing Access to Protection Services for Refugees, Stateless Persons, and Asylum
Seekers.” Likewise, the CHR-X will continue to push for the institutionalization of protection
mechanisms for IDPs.

The government will strengthen functional and responsive disaster preparedness, as well as,
increase the absorptive capacities of LGUs for IDPs. Moreover, the needs of IDPs such as long-
term safety, security, freedom, and socioeconomic access must be standardized in localities.
Outcome 3: Natural, health, climate and human-induced hazards
managed
Implementation of adaptive social protection strategies integrating disaster risk reduction and
climate change adaptation will be prioritized and sustained in the region.

Bolster social protection programs and institutional mechanisms to respond to

crises, calamities, and disasters

Concerned regional line agencies including the DOH CHD-NM, DSWD-X, DTI-X, and DOLE-X
will fully implement EO 166 (s. 2022),119 adopting programs and strategies toward full recovery
from the COVID-19 pandemic. Government and private sector partnerships in implementing
social protection programs will also be strengthened to mitigate adverse health shocks. Vaccine
rollouts and provision of personal protective equipment will be undertaken, as needed, during
health crises.

The Northern Mindanao Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (RDRRMP)
2022-2030 will be implemented and localized in the region. Part of the mainstreaming activities
will include integrating DRRM and climate change adaptation principles into the regional and
local development plans and investment programs, particularly the four thematic areas of disaster
prevention and mitigation, disaster preparedness, disaster response, and disaster rehabilitation
and recovery. Guidelines on the utilization of calamity funds will be reviewed to provide
appropriate and prompt responses. Moreover, continuity of learning and application of DRRM
training, especially at the barangay level will be prioritized (See Chapter 16).

The region will continue to utilize new technologies to better forecast disasters and emergencies.
In Northern Mindanao, the Department of Science and Technology Region X (DOST-X) and the
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology adopt the GeoRisk Philippines,120 a platform
that helps communities prepare for and reduce risks of natural hazards. The DOST-Philippine
Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration will continue to employ
forecasting technologies for weather monitoring. Together with the implementation of shock-
responsive social protection programs, said early warning mechanisms can mitigate shocks to
individuals, households, and communities and reduce casualties due to disasters.
Mainstream mental health and psychosocial services and communication
systems in disaster situations

Ramped-up implementation of RA 11036 (Mental Health Act) will be prioritized to enhance the
delivery of integrated and appropriate mental health services, especially to people at risk during
disasters and emergencies. Strengthening the DOH's Mental Health Program, Mental Health Gap
Action Program, communications and referral systems, and partnerships between LGUs and the
National Center for Mental Health will help address the mental health needs of sectors at risk in
the region (See Subchapter 4.1).

Ensure access of vulnerable groups to retrofitted productivity and crisis centers

The RCWC-X supports the establishment of a child-friendly facility that will cater to CSAC in the
region. Balay Silangan Reformation Centers, particularly in Kauswagan, Lanao del Norte, and
Malitbog, Bukidnon, will sustain operations for recovering persons who used drugs. The DSWD-
X, Technical Education and Skills Development Authority Region X (TESDA-X), DOLE-X, and
LGUs will look into the establishment of workshops or production centers with appropriate
equipment and facilities for PWDs, women, and other vulnerable sectors. These centers will also
be utilized as venue for skills training and hands-on application.

Outcome 4: Governance and political risks addressed

The pursuit of good governance and coherent policies in the region, which are prerequisites for
effective coverage and adequate benefits for vulnerable groups, will be sustained.

Ensure full implementation of RA 11188: Special Protection of Children in

Situations of Armed Conflict

The CHR-X will spearhead the roll-out of orientation and dialogues on RA 11188, its
implementing rules and regulations, and the protocols for all duty bearers. The RCWC-X will
support the creation of the Inter-Agency Committee on CSAC in Region X to coordinate the
implementation and monitoring of policies, programs, and projects related to the protection of
children in situations of armed conflict.

The RCWC-X and DSWD-X will continue to provide technical assistance to LGUs in crafting the
Local Development Plan for Children, which will include a roadmap for children on peace and
security concerns. Local Social Welfare and Development Offices (LSWDOs) will also be
capacitated to manage CSAC pursuant to the Mandanas-Garcia Ruling. Moreover, the
establishment of a child-friendly facility in the region will improve specialized services and
handling protocols for CSAC.

Ensure safe internal121 and international migration122

The CHR-X will continue to push for the institutionalization of protection measures for IDPs
through the proposed Internally Displaced Persons Act. Government and other stakeholders will
adopt durable solutions and strategies to promote safe migration and protect the rights of migrants
and IDPs. Government-civil society partnerships will sustain interventions in strengthening the
capacities of IDP communities to reduce their vulnerabilities and risks to potential recurring
displacements.

To mitigate the impact of displacement to the livelihoods of migrants and OFWs, programs
implemented by the DOLE-X, PESOs, TESDA-X, and DMW will be strengthened to include: a)
employment facilitation services and job opportunities; b) reintegration services package; and c)
skills training programs for OFWs and their family members.

Outcome 5: A universal, modern, and integrated social protection system

achieved
Social protection measures integrating diverse initiatives that will constitute the entire social
protection floor will be prioritized in the region.

Strengthen collaboration among duty-bearers and stakeholders in designing

and delivering programs

The DSWD will spearhead the formulation of the National Social Protection Plan 2023-2028 to
rationalize implementation of programs and projects and facilitate inter-sectoral coordination. It
will continue to improve the capacity of LGUs for social protection by strengthening the
functionality of LSWDOs. Public and private partnerships in the delivery of social protection
programs, such as the holding of community pantries and service caravans, will be strengthened
in consultation with concerned implementing agencies. Program impact assessments will be
pursued by implementing agencies to determine challenges and gaps as basis for future policy
recommendations.
Establish a standard menu of programs for social security guarantees

The DSWD-X, in coordination with the LGUs, will review existing social protection programs and
assess the impact of 4Ps in the region. Such studies will examine gaps, reduce overlaps, and
streamline social protection schemes. The results of which will guide in establishing a standard
menu of programs for each social security guarantees.

Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms will be institutionalized. Research endeavors, such as the
comprehensive review of the current Philippine Social Protection System of the SSS and GSIS will
help innovate social protection solutions.

Strengthen focused-targeting strategy for social protection programs

With the limited government resources, convergence among implementing agencies will be
strengthened to include a focused-targeting strategy in implementing social protection programs.
Optimizing the PhilSys, spearheaded by the Philippine Statistics Authority Region X, will enhance
the convergent delivery of services to targeted populations and help innovate future solutions. The
national ID system will also improve targeting, authentication, registration, and enlistment into
social protection programs, thus, enhancing access to social welfare programs in livelihood and
employment, health, and education (See Chapter 15).

The LGUs will manage and sustain the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS),123 which
will help program delivery and guide the design and implementation of future welfare programs.

The implementation of the NHTS-PR or Listahanan of the DSWD will continue to provide the list
of poor households in the region and will serve as basis in the identification and prioritization of
program beneficiaries.

Strengthen services and facilities for digital payments of cash transfers

Delivery of social protection programs through digital payment systems can be lifesaving for low-
income individuals and families during crises. These are fast and efficient solutions for cash-based
assistance, such as the 4Ps of the DSWD. Partnerships with banks (e.g., Land Bank of the
Philippines) and other over-the-counter payment schemes will be strengthened for ease in
accessing cash grants and other financial assistance.
Legislative Agenda

LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE AGENCIES

Persons with Disability (PWDs) The bill aims to provide monthly pension and subsidies National Council for Disability
Financial Resilience Act for qualified indigent PWDs to cover basic and other Affairs (NCDA), Persons with
needs. Disability Affairs Office (PDAO)
Enhanced implementation of The bill aims to provide additional benefits to PWDs
Magna Carta for PWDs such as tax incentives, subsidies, and local
government unit (LGU) support, among others.
Installation of mechanisms for The bill will require lifts and spaces for wheelchair Land Transportation Office
PWDs in public buses users, as well as, other PWD mechanisms in the (LTO)
modernization of public buses.
Internally Displaced Persons The bill aims to institutionalize multi-sectoral Commission on Human Rights
(IDPs) Act mechanisms to protect the rights of IDPs and penalize (CHR), Regional Disaster Risk
the acts of arbitrary internal displacement. Reduction Management
Council (RDRRMC), Office of
Civil Defense (OCD)
Provision of Social The bill will evaluate the provision of financial support Social Security System (SSS),
Security System (SSS) to vulnerable groups, particularly the provision of Government Service
contribution subsidies for monthly pensions under RA 11199 (Social Security Act Insurance System (GSIS)
vulnerable groups of 2018). It will assess the applicability of rates
provided by the law vis-à-vis the evolving
socioeconomic needs of senior citizens.
Sexual Orientation, Gender The bill guarantees equality and prohibits Department of Education
Identity and Expression, and Sex discrimination based on sexual orientation, and (DepEd), CHR, Department of
Characteristics Equality Act gender identity and expression. Labor and Employment
(DOLE)

Research Agenda

RESEARCH AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE AGENCIES

Impact Assessment of the Review and assess the implementation and impacts of Department of Social Welfare
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino the 4Ps program in Region X. and Development Region X
Program (4Ps) in Northern (DSWD-X)
Mindanao
Social Cost of Migration in Enhance the existing study on families left behind by Philippine Overseas
Northern Mindanao OFWs, which identified teenage pregnancy and mental Employment Administration
health concerns as among the social costs of Region X (POEA-X), Overseas
migration. The research will offer policy Workers Welfare
recommendations in structuring policies and Administration Region X
interventions to address above concern. (OWWA-X)
 RESEARCH AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE AGENCIES
Rapid Assessment of Assistance Assess the implementation of the AICS, particularly the DSWD-X
to Individuals in Crisis Situations Medical Guarantee benefit in Region X.
(AICS) – Medical Assistance of
DSWD-X
Assessment of child protection Assess mechanisms and systems addressing children Commission on Human Rights
laws (RA 9231, RA 7610, and RA protection issues (particularly child labor and OSAEC) Region X (CHR-X), Department
11862) and increase evidence-based research on their of Labor and Employment
impacts and effectiveness in Region X. Region X (DOLE-X),
Department of Justice
Region X (DOJ-X), DSWD-X
Review of RA 10070: Institutional This proposed initiative will review and National Council for Disability
Mechanisms to the Magna Carta monitor compliance with the law, particularly on how Affairs (NCDA), Persons with
for Disabled Persons localities are addressing the distinct needs of persons Disability Affairs Office (PDAO)
with disabilities (PWDs) and their families.

Results Matrix (Core Indicators)

ANNUAL TARGET RESPONSIBLE
END-OF-
BASELINE AGENCY/
INDICATORS PLAN MEANS OF
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 REPORTING
TARGET VERIFICATION
ENTITY
Outcome 1: Individual and life cycle risks mitigated
Percentage of eligible 98 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Agency reports Department of
poor households with (Actual: Social Welfare
Conditional Cash Transfer 266,665; Total: and
sustained (%) 272,070) Development
(2021) Region X
(DSWD-X)
Percentage of qualified 99 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Agency reports DSWD-X
indigent senior citizens (Actual:
provided with social 214,436; Total:
pension sustained (%) 216,885)
(2021)
Percentage of profiled 29 100 Agency reports Department of
child laborers provided (Actual: 4,286; (Increasing) Labor and
with interventions Total: 14,929) Employment
increased (%) (2021) Region X
Percentage of qualified 773a/ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Agency reports DSWD-X
beneficiaries/ individuals (Actual:
in crises assisted 166,457; Total:
sustained (%) 15,065) (2021)
Percentage of cases served in centers and Agency reports DSWD-X
community-based facilities increased (%)
 Violence Against 78 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Women (Actual: 47;
Total: 60)
(2021)
 Violence Against 85 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Children
 ANNUAL TARGET RESPONSIBLE
END-OF-
BASELINE AGENCY/
INDICATORS PLAN MEANS OF
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 REPORTING
TARGET VERIFICATION
ENTITY
(Actual: 68;
Total: 80)
(2021)
Outcome 2: Economic risks managed
Percentage of 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Agency reports DSWD-X
beneficiaries provided with (Actual: 1,167;
livelihood assistance Total: 1,167)
grants sustained (%) (2021)
Percentage of Overseas 1,662 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Agency reports Department of
Filipino Workers returnees (Actual: 1,662; Migrant
served through the Total: 1,662) Workers
Repatriation Assistance (DMW)
Program sustained (%)
Percentage of indigenous 100 (Actual: 5; 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Agency reports National
peoples’ groups provided Total: 5) Commission
with economic and (2021) on Indigenous
livelihood assistance Peoples
sustained (%) Region X
Outcome 3: Natural, health, climate, and human-induced hazards mitigated
Percentage of affected 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Agency reports DSWD-X
local government units (Actual: 87;
(LGUs) provided with Total: 87)
augmentation and disaster (2021)
response services
sustained (%)
Percentage of internally 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Agency reports DSWD-X,
displaced households (Actual: 2,907; Office of Civil
provided with disaster Total: 2,907) Defense
response services (2021) Region X, LGUs
sustained (%)
Percentage of distressed 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Agency reports DSWD-X,
OFWs assisted with social (Actual: 395; Overseas
welfare Services sustained Total: 395) Workers
(%) (2021) Welfare
Administration
Region X
(OWWA-X),
DMW
Outcome 4: Governance and political risks addressed
100% of human trafficking 105 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Agency reports DSWD-X,
victims assisted sustained (Actual: 84; DMW,
(%) Total: 80) OWWA-X,
(2021) Philippine
National
Police
Region X
Percentage of LGUs with 26 50 80 100 100 100 100 100 Agency reports Department of
LCPCs having ideal level of (Actual: 24; Interior and
functionality increased (%) Total: 93) Local
(2021) Government
Region X
a/
Actual accomplishment exceeds the total target due to the additional allocation provided from Central Office. Said augmented funds were for
COVID-19 pandemic assistance and Typhoon Odette rehabilitation and recovery efforts.
Major and Catalytic Programs and Projects
Convergent delivery of social protection programs and projects of various government agencies
and other stakeholders will be sustained in the region. The following key interventions will be
implemented in Northern Mindanao to protect vulnerable groups and low-income communities
from social exclusion, and uphold their dignity as individuals:

 Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps);

 Assistance to Individuals in Crisis Situations (AICS);
 Social Pension Program for Indigent Senior Citizens (SPISC);
 Sustainable Livelihood Program (SLP);
 Social Protection Program for Adolescent Mothers and their Children (SPPAMC);
 Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Program and Early Childhood Care
Development (ECCD) Program (See Subchapter 6.1);
 Child Labor Prevention and Elimination Program (CLPEP);
 Strategic Helpdesks for Information, Education, Livelihood, and other Development
Interventions (SHIELD);
 Balay Paglaum Crisis Center;
 Balay Silangan Reformation Centers;
 KADIWA Program;
 Rice Farmers Financial Assistance (RFFA) and Fuel Subsidy for Farmers;
 DOLE Integrated Livelihood and Emergency Program (DILEEP);
 Tulong Panghanapbuhay sa Ating Disadvantaged/Displaced Workers (TUPAD);
 Convergence Areas for Peace and Development (CAPDev) Program (See Subchapter
14.1);
 Emergency Housing Assistance Program (See Subchapter 4.3);
 Philippine National ID System (PhilSys) (See Chapter 15); and
 Mandatory PhilHealth Coverage for All Persons with Disability (PWDs) and Indigent
Members; and
 Establishment of a child-friendly facility and crisis center for CSAC in Region X.
96
Pending the release of the 2021 National Nutrition Survey.
97
The period which spans from when a mother conceives up to the child’s 2nd birthday and is a critical time for brain, body, metabolism, and immune
system development. (https://www.unicef-irc.org/article/958-the-first-1000-days-of-life-the-brains-window-of-opportunity.html)
98
https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/maternal.
99
https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/malnutrition-emergencies-and-disasters.
100
a funding window that was created under the Rice Tariffication law (Republic Act 11203)
101
Lanao del Norte received machinery grants and the rice processing system (RPS) from the RCEF
102
Serve as an innovative agricultural production process and distribution mechanism from the farm to distribution centers and to households in the
metropolis and other urban centers.
103
https://nnc.gov.ph/regional-offices/luzon/region-iv-b-mimaropa/8006-food-always-in-the-home-faith-sustainable-solution-for-malnutrition
104
https://doh.gov.ph/infant-and-young-child-feeding.
105
https://doh.gov.ph/micronutrient-program.
106
Per the Rice Tarrification Law requirement for NFA to buffer stock rice for 15-30 days, computed based on the 2022 daily consumption requirement
of 30,130 bags (50kg/bag) for Region X.
107
Major PAP is defined as ongoing or proposed development program or project of an agency with total investment cost of at least P1 billion and is
aligned with the 8-point agenda of PBBM. Catalytic development program or project, is an ongoing or proposed program or project of an agency with
total investment cost greater or lower than P1 billion, and possesses one or both of the following characteristics: a0 Enhances socioeconomic growth;
and b) Induces crowding-in of resource flows. The details, including the investment targets and project cost are further defined in the Regional
Development Investment Program (RDIP) 2023-2028, which will be formulated in the First Semester 2023.
108
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority.
109
Listahanan 3 data released in December 2022.
110
Listahanan 3 uses a multi-dimensional approach in determining poverty.
111
The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), implemented by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), is the national
poverty reduction strategy of the government as stated under the Republic Act (RA) No. 11310 or “An Act institutionalizing Pantawid Pamilyang
Pilipino Program (4Ps)” which was signed on April 17, 2019. Patterned after the conditional cash transfer scheme implemented in other developing
countries, 4Ps provides cash grants to beneficiaries provided that they comply with the set of conditions required by the program.
112
Kilos-Unlad is a social case management strategy which aims to guide the households (HHs) in achieving improved well-being, stepping out of
poverty, and employing individual/family cooperation.
113
The Assistance to Individuals in Crisis Situation (AICS) is a social safety net or a stop-gap mechanism to support the recovery of individuals and
families from unexpected crisis such as illness or death of a family member, and other crisis situations.
114
The DILG Memorandum Circular No. 2008-126 defines an “ideal level of functionality” if the LCPC has attained a rating of 80-100%, which means
that the LCPC was able to satisfy the requirement for all the indicators of a functional LCPC.
115
The KADIWA program was implemented and enhanced during the COVID-19 pandemic.
116
60-2022-34 Progress Report – Effects of Shear Line and LPA in Region X.
117
The Convergence Areas for Peace and Development (CAPDev) is the region’s banner program towards inclusive and sustainable development, and
just and lasting peace, and is considered in the identification, prioritization, and implementation of strategies and PAPs in the Regional Development
Plan.
118
Republic Act (RA) 11228, “An Act Providing for the Mandatory PhilHealth Coverage for all Persons with Disability, Amending for the Purpose,
RA No. 7277, otherwise known as the Magna Carta for Persons with Disability”
119
Executive Order No. 166, s. 2022: Adopting the Ten-Point Policy Agenda to Accelerate and Sustain Economic Recovery from the COVID-19
Pandemic, and Directing a Whole-of-government Approach to Align All Economic Recovery Programs and Measures of the National Government,
March 23, 2022
120
GeoRisk Philippines is a government-led multi-agency initiative to serve as the central resource of information on natural hazards and risk
assessment. It aims to support the country’s resilience against natural hazards and risks.
121
Internal Migration is a form of geographic or spatial mobility of people involving a change of usual residence within a country (region, province,
city/municipality) during a specified period of observation for economic, social, political and/or cultural reasons.
122
International Migration is the physical movement of people involving a change of usual residence from one state or territory to another during a
specified period of observation for economic, social, political and/or cultural reasons.
123
The Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) is an organized technology-based system of collecting, processing, and validating necessary
disaggregated data, which may be used for planning, program implementation and impact monitoring at the local level while empowering
communities to participate in the process.
7
Moder
nizeAgri
cult
ure
andAgri
busi
ness
Modernize Agriculture and
Agribusiness
The agriculture, forestry, and fishing (AFF) sector supply the food and essential raw material needs of
the region. Enhancing agriculture sector production and efficiency is necessary to preserving food
affordability and security, especially for the poor. To achieve higher productivity, inclusive and
equitable growth, and reduction in poverty, the sector's development is essential.

Age-old problems continue to challenge the AFF sector. These include declining AFF labor productivity
as compared to the industry and services sectors, rising cost of agricultural inputs resulting in high
prices of basic agricultural commodities, sluggish pace of mechanization, limited access to capital and
wider markets, and slow adoption of production technologies. These are exacerbated by the impact
and threats brought about by climate change.

In response to these challenges, the region will intensify technical and production support services to
farmers and fisherfolk, strengthen local governments’ capacities for agriculture extension services, and
adopt new technologies and innovations that will sustainably increase productivity to be at par with
global standards. Efforts to expand access to capital and wider markets, provide enabling environment
for agribusiness, mitigate the impacts of climate change, and strengthen agricultural institutions will
be intensified.

The strategies in modernizing agriculture and agribusiness sectors will contribute to achieving the
following outcomes: a) efficiency of AFF production enhanced; b) access to markets and AFF-based
enterprises expanded; c) resilience of AFF value chains improved; and d) agricultural institutions
strengthened.

Assessment and Challenges

There is a need to fast-track Region X's efforts to modernize agriculture. Since the enactment
of Republic Act 8435 or the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) in 1997, the
country’s agricultural sector has certainly improved but at a slow pace based on its performance in
the past years. Reviews of AFMA124 revealed the following findings: a) the pursuit of area-based
development was frustrated by the failure to properly delineate Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries
Development Zones; b) AFMA solidified ongoing, market-oriented reforms in the agricultural
credit system; c) implementation of the marketing support provisions of AFMA remain
incomplete; d) product standards for agriculture and fishery products are adopted on a voluntary
basis; e) rural nonfarm employment initiatives under AFMA have not taken off; and f) trade and
fiscal incentives under AFMA mostly benefit large enterprises.

The AFMA’s overall lagging implementation in the entire country also reflects its dismal
accomplishments in the region. This shows that the region still has to achieve the high level of
modernization long overdue for its agriculture sector.

AFF has sustained growth amidst the pandemic, however, slower than previous decade. The
average growth of AFF in the region for the period 2017 to 2021 is 2.9 percent which is lower
compared with the 4.9 percent average growth rate from 2001 to 2016. In 2021, the AFF sector
contributed 21.3 percent to the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP), with the services sector
posting the highest share at 53.1 percent, and the industry sector with 25.6 percent share.

Northern Mindanao came in second to Central Luzon in terms of AFF's contribution to the
nation's GDP, with a contribution of PHP 185.6 billion compared to the latter’s PHP239.04 billion
in 2021. The region ranked first among other regions in the country in terms of production of
pineapple, cattle, and hog; second in banana, coconut, corn, papaya, and sugarcane; and third in
chicken in the same year.

Production of crops, poultry, livestock, and forestry increased from 2017 to 2021, except for
fishing, which declined by an average of 6.7 percent. Palay productivity increased from 4.54 metric
tons per hectare (MT/ha) in 2017 to 4.78 MT/ha in 2021. This is higher compared with the national
yield’s average of 4.15 MT/ha, but lower than Central Luzon’s yield of 5.14 MT/ha. The region
ranks second in terms of yield, next to Central Luzon among the regions in the country. However,
due to its limited area, the region ranks tenth in terms of total production among other regions,
with Central Luzon as first. In 2021, the rice sufficiency level in the region stood at 84.48 percent,
lower by 1.02 percentage points (ppt) compared to the 2017 level. (See Chapter 6.1).

White corn yield also increased from 2.35 MT/ha in 2017 to 2.72 MT/ha in 2021. Overall corn
yield, which combines white and yellow corn, increased from 3.44 MT/ha in 2017 to 3.78 MT/ha
in 2021. Northern Mindanao’s average corn yield was 17 percent higher than the national average
in 2021 (3.23 MT/ha). However, the region’s corn yield is 70.54 percent lower than Spain’s 12.83
MT/ha corn yield, the world’s highest yield for corn in 2021.125 Corn sufficiency level in the region
was 143.71 percent in 2021.

Although the average yields of palay and corn production have generally increased over the years,
the region still lagged behind other producing countries such as Uruguay, Australia, the United
States of America, Peru, and Türkiye for palay yield;126 and Spain, Qatar, Chile, New Zealand, and
Austria for corn yield.127 This low farm productivity across commodities could be attributed to
farmers’ reliance on manual labor and low levels of mechanization stemming from poor adoption
of modern agricultural and fishery technologies.

Regional government programs on agriculture are highly focused on rice. Of the PHP492.07
million budget for production support services of the DA-X in 2022, the biggest share went to the
Rice Program (79.61%), followed by National Livestock Program (8.60%), Corn Program (8.27%),
High-Value Crops Development Program (3.15%), and Promotion and Development of Organic
Agriculture Program (0.37%). Being the primary target of intervention, rice embodies the
Philippines' principal agricultural policy goals, which are centered on ensuring food security and
reducing poverty. These goals are accomplished by ensuring a reliable supply of basic foods,
particularly rice, at reasonable costs. Several governmental initiatives assisting the nation's rice
producers have been driven by the primary objective of self-sufficiency in rice, which runs counter
to the regional trend of diversifying into higher-value goods. Promoting rice impacts poor
households in terms of consumption since the price volatility of rice affects low-income
households.

Republic Act No. 11203, or the Rice Tariffication Act of 2019, replaced the quantitative restrictions
(QRs) on rice imports per the Rice Tariffication Act of 1996 (RA 8178). One of the objectives of
the law is to reduce the price of rice for consumers. Hence, the government established the Rice
Competitiveness Enhancement Fund (RCEF) with an annual budget of PHP 10 billion over six
years beginning in 2019 to lessen the effects of rice imports. The RCEF distributes the
aforementioned sum as follows: 1) PHP5 billion for machinery and equipment for rice farms;
2) PHP3 billion for the production, dissemination, and promotion of rice seeds; 3) PHP1 billion
for rice loan assistance; and 4) PHP1 billion for extension. The region's rice farmer/fisherfolk
cooperatives and associations (FCAs) received 192 agricultural machines worth PHP204.6 million
in 2021 under the program’s first component.

The National Food Authority (NFA) no longer issues permits, licenses, or registers trading and
imports of rice as a result of the legislation of the Rice Tariffication Law. The NFA's function
concentrates solely on purchasing palay from domestic producers as buffer stocks and
administering pricing and selling these stocks to customers at discounted prices. The NFA's role
in overseeing food safety regulation was turned over to the Bureau of Plant Industry.

Low income and high poverty rates among small farmers and fisherfolk (SFF) persist. Low yield
of commodities translated to low return of investments or income for small farmers. For instance,
a smallholder palay farmer in the region with an average area of 1.5 hectares128 (PSA, 2012) would
earn only PHP52,665.60 per hectare per year for two cropping seasons, or a total of PHP78,998.40
for the 1.5-hectare field. This is based on the 2021 regional average of palay yield at 4.78 MT/ha,
average farm gate price of PHP17.71/kg, and average production cost of PHP58,321/ha per
cropping. This means for a farmer with palay farming as the sole source of income, the monthly
income would only be PHP6,583, far below the monthly poverty threshold for a family of five of
PHP12,015.

The income level of fisherfolk in the region is worsened by the consistent decline in fishery
production over the years. In 2018, poverty incidence among fisherfolk was 20.5 percent.129

SFF struggles with the increase in cost of production. The low rate of returns in the SFF sector is
also caused by the increase in costs of production inputs. For instance, the national average price
of a bag of granular urea fertilizer increased in the fourth quarter of 2020 amid the coronavirus
disease (COVID-19) pandemic by 141.26 percent, from PHP991 per bag in December 2020 to
PHP2,391 per bag in December 2022.130

Production costs in both inputs and transport are also highly dependent on fuel prices. In Cagayan
de Oro City, the average pump price of diesel increased by 78.42 percent, from PHP38.14 per liter
in December 2020 to PHP68.05 per liter in December 2022,131 as a direct consequence of the
Russia-Ukraine war.

To aid the SFF in coping with the increase in cost of production, the government provided financial
and credit windows including insurance services. However, these were not maximized.

Instead of cultivating their own lands, some farmers opt to have their lands rented by multinational
companies for a long term (e.g., 20 years) with an assured annual rental payment due to the
increase in the cost of production on their farms.

Slow adoption of farm clustering and mechanization practices by SFF. Farmers in the region
exhibit low adoption of farm consolidation or clustering to achieve economies of scale. Low
adoption of farm clustering among small farmers translates to low adoption of farm mechanization
practices. Farmers in the region, in general, have small farm landholdings. Small farmers tend to
farm manually on an individual basis making the application of mechanization technologies costly.

The region lacks AFF support infrastructure. Northern Mindanao lacks infrastructure support
for agriculture such as farm-to-market roads (FMRs) and post-harvest facilities. From 2018 to
2021, the total length of FMRs constructed reached 448.08 kilometers (km). This is still far from
the region’s needs of 866.61 km based on the 364 FMR projects proposed by local government
units (LGUs) for the period 2023-2027.132

In terms of post-harvest facilities, the region has only one regional food terminal with refrigerated
van located in Talakag, Bukidnon. Additional regional food terminals are needed to improve
marketing support for SFF. Food terminals consolidate the SFF’s products and provide access to
markets, and reduce post-harvest losses through the provision of cold storage facilities.

The region has not yet completed its agrarian reform land distribution. The region continued
the CARP implementation despite challenges brought by the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, the
region distributed a total of 320,042 hectares, or 96.99 percent of the total agrarian land of 329,975
hectares. The distribution of the remaining lands encountered challenges such as legal,
technical/operational, and/or administrative issues.

To improve land tenure security and the property rights of agrarian reform beneficiaries (ARBs),
the region commenced the implementation of the Support to Parcelization of Lands for Individual
Titling (SPLIT) Project of the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR). The project involves the
parcelization of 101,432 hectares of land through Collective Certificate of Land Ownership Awards
(CCLOA) by 2024. As of 31 December 2022, the region has parcelized 332 hectares, or 0.33 percent
of the target 101,432 hectares for 249 ARBs.

The proportion of employed persons in agriculture to total employment in Northern

Mindanao declined. The proportion of employed persons in agriculture to total employment in
Northern Mindanao declined from 37.3 percent in 2017 to 34.8 percent in 2019. The decline could
be attributed to the following factors: a) declining interest of the youth in pursuing agriculture
activities; b) majority of SFF are becoming old;133 b) poor attitude and mindset of SFF towards
entrepreneurship; and c) lack of innovation and value-adding initiatives by SFF.

Agriculture is vulnerable to external and global shocks. The COVID-19 pandemic magnified the
vulnerability of the AFF sector to external shocks that disrupt the global and local supply chains
increasing prices of farm and fishery inputs, such as fertilizers and fuel. Lessons from the pandemic
showed the failures of the region in terms of producing farm inputs and glaring dependency on
imported fuel.

The African Swine Fever also drove pork prices in Region X and throughout the country. It showed
how the livestock sector is highly vulnerable to viral and infectious disease outbreaks.
AFF sector is vulnerable to climate change. On 16 December 2021, Typhoon Odette devastated
the infrastructure and agriculture sectors of Visayas and Mindanao. The region incurred damages
amounting to PhP547.8 million to its AFF production sector. Irrigation infrastructure also
recorded damages amounting to PhP71 million with estimated losses of PhP59 million. The event
resulted in disruptions in agricultural production affecting the supply of commodities, which
contributed to higher prices of food.

The region faces indiscriminate land conversion. With the indiscriminate conversion of
agricultural lands to non-agricultural uses, the region faces doubt over the true state of its land use.
(See Chapter 2).

Moreover, there is also a palpable increase in the number of residential sites in upland areas.
However, this issue needs further probing to document the magnitude of agricultural lands
reclassified by the LGUs for other uses. There has been no study on the inventory of idle lands,134
which can be used for food production.

Devolution of basic services and facilities to LGUs brings challenges and opportunities in the
agriculture sector. The region is currently facing a unique opportunity, and at the same time a
challenge, to improve the AFF sector with the implementation of Executive Order (EO) 138
(s. 2021).135 The EO provides that the DA will devolve basic agricultural services and facilities136 to
the LGUs, in line with the Local Government Code of 1991.

The Regional Development Council of Northern Mindanao (RDC-X) passed Resolution No. 107
(s. 2021), Enjoining the Provincial Government of Bukidnon to Support the Pilot Implementation
of the Province-Led Agriculture and Fisheries Extension Systems (PAFES). The same resolution
urged all provincial governments in Region X to support the full implementation of PAFES in
2022. The DA-X leads in the establishment of PAFES in all provinces in Region X. As of December
2022, the establishment of PAFES in the region is still in the pre-implementation phase and piloted
in the province of Bukidnon.

Strategy Framework
To modernize agriculture and agribusiness sectors, Northern Mindanao will pursue a whole-of-
society approach, with emphasis on the crucial role of the LGUs, line agencies, and the private
sector in attaining four primary outcomes: a) efficiency of AFF production enhanced; b) access to
markets and AFF-based enterprises expanded; c) resilience of AFF value chains enhanced; and
d) agricultural institutions strengthened.
Strategies
Outcome 1: Efficiency of agriculture, forestry, and fishing production
enhanced
The strategies for Outcome 1 include: a) diversify farm and non-farm income;
b) consolidate/cluster farms; c) establish and operationalize the Metropolitan Agri-park or the
Metro Food and Agri-Based Products Cluster (MFAPC); d) intensify adoption of improved
technologies; and e) improve access of primary producers to production requirements.

Diversify farm and non-farm income

Farm diversification facilitates the maximum and efficient use of land, water, capital, technology,
and human resources for optimum productivity. This will increase farm income and create more
full-time jobs with higher wages. It entails growing different crops and commodities on a piece of
land and engaging in value-adding activities, facilitating the maximum and efficient use of land,
water, capital, technology, and human resources.

This strategy involves the operationalization of various integrated farming systems, commodity
system-based and area-based planning approaches (e.g., SAFDZ) in the production of food and
non-food commodities, value-adding processes, and other operations in the value chain; cascading
of AFF planning tools (e.g., ABEMIS137, GEOAGRI138) at the regional and provincial levels; and
scaling-up of value chain analyses. The DA and Agricultural Training Institute will facilitate the
cascading of these planning tools to the LGUs.

Non-farm activities are also encouraged such as processing, marketing, manufacturing, and other
economic activities (e.g., carpentry, welding, barbershop services). In line with this, the
Department of Tourism Region X (DOT-X) and the Department of Trade and Industry Region X
(DTI-X), in coordination with the LGUs will facilitate the establishment of agri-tourism farms that
combine tourism and agriculture. Agri-tourism can draw tourists to the farms and allows them to
experience hands-on farming activities (See Chapter 9).

The communities in Region X will be encouraged to adopt the philosophy of Sufficiency

Economy139 practiced in Thailand. This philosophy espouses food sufficiency in every household
or community and highlights the importance of diversification in the production of food and
storage of water. The DA-X will promote this approach through its Adaptation and Mitigation
Initiative in Agriculture (AMIA) Program (See Chapter 16).

Consolidate/cluster farms

To achieve economies of scale in farm production, small farmers would be encouraged to

consolidate land, labor, technology, and other inputs. Farm clustering will boost household
incomes among clustered farms while gaining support for production, marketing, and capacity
building. It also consolidates food for higher-value markets and delivers in bulk to cut down on
transport and transaction expenses. Wholesale buying of inputs and consolidation of farm
products will lead to lower input prices and higher profits for the farmers. Hence, cluster farming's
primary goals are to boost profits, combine the output of smallholder farmers, and supply goods
in large quantities to reduce transportation and transaction costs. Clustered farms can charge
desired pricing to customers due to the large volume and high quality of their produce. Farm
consolidation also translates to efficient farm mechanization practices and maximizes the benefits
of adopting modern technologies.

The DA-X’s Farm and Fisheries Clustering and Consolidation Program will strengthen support to
cooperatives, farmers, and fisherfolk associations. The DA-X, in coordination with the LGUs, will
institutionalize the implementation of farm and fisheries consolidation and clustering by
constantly engaging with farmers, fisherfolk, and the private sector through agribusiness venture
agreements. Likewise, the farmers and fisherfolk will continue to be organized into FCAs to
facilitate the provision of incentives and registration, not only with the DA-X, but also with other
agencies such as the Cooperative Development Authority Region X and DTI-X. This will maximize
the uptake of farmers and fisherfolk on government programs and services.

Farm clustering through cooperatives will complete the value chain from production to marketing.
This will also enable cooperatives to practice profit sharing through the provision of
dividends/rebates to the integrator cooperatives140 down to the farmer producers. This strategy will
prevent farmers from availing of high-interest credits that tie them with middle persons/brokers.
An example of how farmers can benefit from clustering is through the practice of a production
rollover scheme.

The adoption of the production rollover scheme, especially for rice farmers' cooperatives, will be
encouraged. Such scheme will facilitate the engagement of cooperatives in the commodities value
chain. This provides farmer-preferred inputs and quality fertilizers to the members as loans
without obligating them to directly pay in cash. Instead, farmer-members can pay the cooperative
in the form of their palay produce during the harvest period. The farmer-members who availed of
the production loan are recommended to sell an agreed percentage of their yield (e.g., 40%) to the
lead farmer cooperatives or integrators. The percentage varies on the parts of the participating
cooperatives, which can require a lower percentage based on their requirements or needs, subject
to the cooperatives’ financial capacity to absorb the produce. Equipment will also be made available
to the member cooperatives for the quality processing and storage of palay and milled rice.

Mechanization of production of other crops will be facilitated and strengthened by DA’s

Agricultural Machinery, Equipment, and Facility Support Services Program. Said program also
provides post-harvest equipment to qualified FCAs, LGUs, and higher education institutions
(HEIs).

DAR-X and DA-X will facilitate the implementation of contiguous farming models (e.g., corporate
farming and cooperative models) that will involve production by the agrarian reform beneficiaries.

Establish and Operationalize the Metropolitan Agri-park or the Metro Food

and Agri-Based Products Cluster (MFAPC)

Farm clustering will support the region’s proposal for the establishment of a Metropolitan Agri-
park or the Metro Food and Agri-Based Products Cluster (MFAPC).141 As the region’s population
increases in step with the urbanization of its provinces and cities, the demand for food will expand.
The MFAPC will serve as an innovative agricultural production process and distribution
mechanism from the farm to distribution centers and households in the metropolis and other
urban centers.

A feasibility study on the MFAPC will be pursued by the DA-X, in coordination with the HEIs in
the region.

Intensify adoption of improved technologies

The region will intensify farmers’ and fisherfolk’s adoption of modern technologies to address
threats of diseases, bring down the overall cost of operation, and increase the productivity of AFF
sector. The adoption of modern technologies that mitigate the impacts of climate change will also
be pursued. On top of the present conventional technologies used in crops, poultry, livestock, and
fishery productions, the region will also adopt precision agriculture to optimize the use of
production inputs, smart greenhouses, and controlled environment agricultural techniques, such
as Cagayan de Oro City’s proposed Urban Precision Agriculture Complex.

The DA-X and the Regional Agricultural and Fishery Council (RAFC) will work together with the
private sector and various research consortia in increasing investments in Research, Development,
and Extension (RDE) for biological, physical, and digital technologies, and the establishment of
farm innovation hubs.

Research consortia in the region will lead the conduct of research, development, and extension
priorities in agriculture, fisheries, forestry, and natural resources (See Chapter 10).

The DA-X will fully operationalize and strengthen the PAFES to cover all provinces in the region.
This is to spur the LGUs to perform their mandates of bringing extension services at the grassroots
level amid the implementation of EO 138. The RDC-X will lobby for additional funding for
agricultural extension system to incentivize provincial LGUs to invest and improve their local
extension services.

Improve access of primary producers to production requirements

The DA-X will ensure that primary producers will have ease of access to production land. The
DAR-X will sustain land distribution to ARBs through the CARP. It shall also expedite the
parcelization of land without compromising the strategy of consolidating and clustering farms to
achieve economies of scale in agricultural production.
With limited agricultural lands, the region will support policies promoting the utilization of idle
lands for agricultural production. Among the policies that will enable the utilization of idle lands
is the imposition of taxes upon the owners of idle lands.

DA-X will strengthen the implementation of the Registry System for Basic Sectors in Agriculture
(RSBSA). Registration in the system is a basic requirement for availing of agri-fishery-related
government services, particularly for the programs and projects of the DA and its attached bureaus,
agencies, and corporations.

In terms of improving and protecting access to water resources, the region will prioritize
investments in climate-smart irrigation technologies (e.g., solar-powered irrigation systems) (see
Chapter 13). The DA-Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Region X (BFAR-X) will also
implement the World Bank-funded project on Philippine Fisheries and Coastal Resiliency
(FishCoRe)142 which also supports the development of the blue economy.143

The primary producers’ ease of access to affordable funding and credit windows to support their
farm capital needs through the DA’s Agricultural Credit Policy Council (DA-ACPC) will be
further enhanced through intensified IEC. The Council will continue implementing credit
programs such as the Expanded Survival and Recovery (SURE) Aid Loan Assistance (SURE-
COVID 19), Kapital Access for Young Agripreneurs Loan Program (KAYA), and Agri-Negosyo
Loan Program (ANYO). Other funding windows such as the Agricultural Competitiveness
Enhancement Fund (ACEF) Lending Program offered by DA, and by other partner government
financing institutions [e.g., Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP) and Development Bank of the
Philippines (DBP)] will also be tapped.

The RDC-X will lobby for the increase in the authorized capital 144
of LBP for better funding
assistance in government programs for primary producers.145

Moreover, the RDC-X, through the Regional Development Policy Research Agenda (RDPRA), will
push for the review of the credit programs and processes of existing government
corporations/financial institutions/ mechanisms of SBCorp, ACPC with its partner cooperatives,
and LBP, among others. The RDC-X will also push for the review of the efficiency of DA programs,
especially on the provision of agricultural inputs, machineries, and heavy equipment (e.g., DA’s
Plant, Plant, Plant Program, PhilMech’s RCEF Mechanization Program, among others). The
research agenda will also cover issues such as overpriced agricultural inputs/tractors/machineries,
and the perceived inefficient system of distribution that hampers the capacity of smallholder
farmers to access financial and technological capital.
Outcome 2: Access to markets and AFF-based enterprises expanded
The strategies that lead to the attainment of Outcome 2: Access to markets and AFF-based
enterprises expanded are as follows: a) Create more opportunities for participation of primary
producers in value-adding of AFF products including marketing support; b) Develop the blue
economy; c) Improve physical and digital infrastructure; d) Protect local AFF against unfair
competition and supply/price manipulation; and e) Improve the regulatory system for greater
private sector investments.

Create more opportunities for participation of primary producers in value-adding of

AFF products including marketing support

The DA-X and BFAR-X will assist farmers and fisherfolk in transitioning from traditional volume-
oriented and single-commodity practices to a food systems approach and in participating in the
global value chains of agri-food products.

Value-adding activities on agricultural products will be intensified by establishing processing

facilities and food innovation hubs in cooperation with the private sector and LGUs; expanding
partnerships between and among big companies, the MSMEs, and primary producers through
small brother-big brother arrangements; and building the capacity of smallholder primary
producers in processing raw materials and ensuring that food safety and quality standards are met.

The BFAR-X’s post-harvest and marketing subprogram will be sustained to ensure the quality of
fish and fishery products. This includes the provision of various post-harvest equipment such as
freezing equipment, vacuum sealers, processing utensils, and reefer vans. Moreover, the BFAR-X
will take advantage of the implementation of Modern and Resilient Livelihood Investments
(MARLIN)146, which is one of FishCORE’s components.

Provincial and city LGUs in the region will update their respective commodity investment plans
with assistance from DA-X. This is intended to rationalize government and private sector
interventions within the various segments of the value chain of priority commodities.

In response to LGUs’ request for rural infrastructure investments, the DA-X will intensify the
implementation of the ongoing Philippine Rural Development Project (PRDP) and the PRDP
Scale-Up.

PRDP Scale-Up will finance rural infrastructure investments on FMRs and value chain under the
Intensified Building-Up of Infrastructure and Logistics for Development (I-BUILD) and
Investment in Rural Enterprises and Agriculture and Fisheries Productivity (I-REAP)
components.

The Philippine Coconut Authority Region X (PCA-X) will lead the implementation and
monitoring of the Northern Mindanao component of the 2022-2026 Philippine Coconut Farmers
and Industry Development Plan in support of the Coconut Farmers and Industry Trust Fund Act
or RA 11524.

The implementation of existing programs and projects under the DA and its attached agencies will
be strengthened. These include the Farm-to-Market Road Development Program (FMRDP);
Special Area for Agricultural Development Program; the DA stimulus program called Ahon Lahat,
Pagkaing Sapat (ALPAS) laban sa COVID 19 or the Plant, Plant, Plant Program; and agricultural
production services programs such as Rice Program, Corn Program, High-Value Crops
Development Program, and BFAR’s Fisheries Development and Extension programs, among
others.

The region will prioritize the development of high-potential crops and forest products that are
supported by DTI’s industry clusters for the region such as bamboo, poultry, processed food,
coffee, cacao, coco coir, rubber, and wearables and homestyles. PhilFIDA’s Fiber Development
Program will also be expanded by strengthening inter-agency linkages and convergence to provide
more production and extension support to fiber crop farmers, including those engaged in
emerging industries such as pineapple fiber.

To expand opportunities for upland communities, agroforestry will be intensified. The DENR-X
and DA-X will encourage the practice of agrosilvopastoral147 and agrisilvicultural148systems.
Commercial forest plantations under the integrated and community-based forest management
agreements and applicable areas in ancestral domains will be developed based on comparative
advantages and ecosystem-based management approaches. These activities will facilitate
expansion of livelihood and entrepreneurial opportunities that will benefit the vulnerable groups,
especially the indigenous peoples (IPs). The DENR-X and NCIP-X will work together in
safeguarding the interest of the IPs. The DA’s Mindanao Inclusive Agriculture Development
Project (MIADP) will assist the IPs in agri-fishery production and agribusiness, without
compromising their rights, knowledge, and practices.
Develop the blue economy

The needed resources to harness the full potential of the blue economy leading to an increase in
fishery production in the region will be prioritized. The BFAR-X will implement the FishCoRe
project with emphasis on the full implementation of the Fishery Management Area (FMA)-9 plan,
which covers the coastal and marine waters in the provinces of Region X, namely: Macajalar and
Gingoog bays of Misamis Oriental, Iligan and Panguil bays Lanao del Norte, part of Bohol Sea in
the Province of Camiguin, and several adjoining coastal and marine waters in the provinces of
Region XIII (Butuan Bay of Agusan del Norte and Surigao del Norte), and Region VIII (Sogod Bay
of Southern Leyte). BFAR-X, as the lead agency will establish reference points and harvest control
rules and measures for priority fish species. The agency will also lead in strengthening inter-
regional cooperation for sustainable management and access to coastal and marine resources.

Viable livelihood options will be promoted for coastal communities to address the seasonality of
fisheries, including adaptive, integrated, and multi-species aquaculture. The region will engage in
agri-fishery tourism activities and other supplemental livelihood programs for fisherfolk and
coastal communities. It will also establish electronic catch documentation and traceability. The
provincial technology outreach stations (TOS) will be upgraded to address inadequacies of
fingerlings (e.g., bangus, tilapia), which will be supplied to aquaculture farms.

The BFAR-X, in cooperation with the LGUs, will protect the region’s coral reefs, mangroves, and
coastal marshes toward improving the productivity of fishery resources in the ocean. Protecting
aquatic habitats not only increases fishery productivity but also provides significant protection
against natural hazards such as typhoons and storm surges, helping mitigate the impacts of climate
change.

The Department of Energy – Mindanao (DOE) and BFAR-X will also explore tapping the ocean
for energy and building sustainable and environment-friendly infrastructures in the ocean that will
contribute to increasing fishery productivity (See Chapter 13).

Improve physical and digital infrastructure

In support of the AFMA, DA-X will sustain and strengthen the implementation of the FMRDP
and operationalize the Region X component of the Mindanao Farm-to-Market Road Network Plan
2023-2027. The FMRDP will be institutionalized including its funding commitment to achieve
significant improvement in the Philippine barangay road network and contribute to attaining
Philippine food systems transformation.
The DA-X will maximize the use of information systems such as the ABEMIS and the GEOAGRI
Portal in sustaining and rationalizing investments in AFF infrastructure. These tools will aid the
DA-X, BFAR-X, and the LGUs in efficiently planning, monitoring, and evaluating agricultural and
fisheries engineering interventions for the region.

The DA-X will also upgrade and sustain processing, postharvest, and storage facilities, in line with
the government’s Agricultural Machinery, Equipment, and Facility Support Services program.
BFAR-X will promote cold chain technology, upgrade and adopt fishery technologies such as the
high-density polyethylene (HDPE) marine cages or Norwegian fish cage technology to improve
aquaculture production in the region. It will also operationalize and sustain the community fish
landing centers to facilitate marketing, storage, and distribution of fish and other seafood products;
integrate and improve the interoperability of AFF information systems to harness the Fourth
Industrial Revolution technologies; and promote and strengthen the capacity of farmers and
fisherfolk in using mobile- and web-based platforms for marketing and delivery of agricultural
products.

Protect local AFF against unfair competition and supply/price manipulation

To protect the local AFF sector against unfair competition and supply/price manipulation, The
DA-X and DTI-X will enforce existing laws and will be vigilant in monitoring and deterring illegal
and anti-competitive practices affecting local farmers and investors. The region will also
strengthen the establishment of food terminals to encourage direct participation of buyers and
sellers, which contribute to reducing food prices.

On the heavy importation of sugar, the RDC-X will lobby for the review of the roles, functions,
and extent of implementation of the mandates of the Sugar Regulatory Administration based on
RA 10659 or the Sugarcane Industry Development Act of 2015.

Improve the regulatory system for greater private sector investments

The region will strengthen the implementation of the Ease of Doing Business and Efficient
Government Service Delivery Act (RA 11032). This is to provide an enabling environment for the
private sector and primary producers to adopt global standards for agriculture in terms of business
practices, product safety, and quality.

The DTI-Board of Investments will promote the entry of private sector investments to maximize
the region’s AFF resources and potential. Partnerships with foreign and domestic investors will be
promoted and strengthened through roadshows and trade missions in line with the National
Strategic Investment Priority Plan (See Chapter 11).

Outcome 3: Resilience of AFF value chains improved

To improve the resilience of AFF value chains, the following strategies will be adopted: a) Create
and adopt climate- and disaster-resilient technologies; b) Strengthen local food systems; c)
Develop and mainstream early warning systems/anticipatory mechanisms; d) Integrate climate
and disaster risks in AFF planning and programming; e) Develop innovative insurance schemes;
and f) Boost local capability in the production of AFF inputs.

Create and adopt climate- and disaster-resilient technologies

Investments for RDE in climate-resilient technologies in the region will be increased. These
technologies include the use of high-yielding varieties and breeds of plants and animals (e.g., NSIC
RC 506 rice variety, dairy cattle crosses among Siquijor native cattle, Aussie Red and Jersey for
maximum milk production149); HDPE marine cages, solar-powered hatcheries, sun-roofed
hatcheries for aquaculture fisheries; fiber reinforced plastic materials in fishing boats; vessel
monitoring system (VMS) for capture fisheries; water-saving irrigation systems, including solar-
powered fertigation systems; soil erosion control technologies; and controlled environment crop
production systems.

The AMIA program of the DA will be expanded down to the barangay level (See Chapter 16). The
program envisions that all the communities in the country, especially those dependent on
agriculture and fisheries will be resilient against the effects of climate change.

Strengthen local food systems

Local food system involves the interlinked activities that relate to food production and utilization
(harvesting, packing, processing, transport, marketing, nutritious food consumption, and food
remains disposal) and builds on socio-economic and environmental outcomes.

The Philippines Food Systems Transformation Pathway Report150 pointed out that food systems
and the achievement of the 17 SDGs, particularly SDG 12, rely on the dynamics of the rural and
urban agriculture development and food value chain. It posits that transforming food systems
involves interlinked activities that relate to food production and utilization (harvesting, packing,
processing, transport, marketing, nutritious food consumption, and food remains disposal), and
builds on socio-economic and environmental gains.
The report also identified the following strategic interventions the DA will pursue, in cooperation
with the DTI, DOST, DOH, and DILG: a) ensure access to safe and nutritious food; b) shift to
healthy and sustainable consumption patterns; c) boost nature-positive production at scale; d)
advance equitable livelihood and value distribution; and e) build resilience against vulnerabilities,
shocks, and stresses. These interventions will be cascaded to the barangay level with the support of
the provincial, city, and municipal LGUs.

Develop and mainstream early warning systems/anticipatory mechanisms

The DA-X and BFAR-X will prioritize investments in early warning systems (EWS)151 technologies
that will guide farmers and fisherfolk in making relevant farm decisions by adjusting cultivation
practices and crop rotations based on seasonal forecasting impacts, preventing disruptions to
cultivation, while also increasing farmers’ understanding of climate change and its impacts.

Adoption of EWS technologies will result in the improvement of biosecurity measures,

strengthening of facilities that prevent and control outbreaks of transboundary plant and animal
diseases, and simplifying climate outlooks and weather forecasts. It will also enhance food security,
monitor weather changes, efficiently allocate resources, and prepare for food emergencies.

Integrate climate and disaster risks in AFF planning and programming

The DA-X will utilize the results of the Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment in the
formulation of agri-fishery plans and programs. The use of tools, such as Sustainable Land
Management, Expanded Vulnerability and Suitability Assessment, and Value Chain Analyses for
AFF commodity prioritization will be intensified.

Towards a climate-resilient and low-carbon pathway (see Chapter 16), the region will implement
the policies and measures in the agriculture sector to support the Nationally Determined
Contribution (NDC) of the Philippines. This is in line with the RDC-X Full Council Resolution
No. 72 (s. 2021) on supporting the NDC of the Philippines and its Policies and Measures.

Develop innovative insurance schemes

The Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation Region X (PCIC-X) will provide subsidized agri-
insurance to RSBSA-listed farmers and fisherfolk. It will also implement index- and weather-based
insurance schemes to provide adequate and timely compensation to primary producers. Likewise,
it will comprehensively expand the insurance benefits coverage in all farmed areas. The DA-X will
explore and encourage private financial institutions to provide insurance services for the AFF
sector.

Boost local capability in production of AFF inputs

To mitigate the impact of soaring prices and reduce the region’s dependence on imported inputs,
the DA-X and DTI-X, in partnership with the private sector will promote investments in local
production of AFF inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, feeds, and others. Business pitching
activities in the region will be undertaken to attract local and foreign investors to venture into AFF
input production.

The private sector and non-government organizations (NGOs) in the region can tap the Green
Climate Fund152 through its Private Sector Facility to finance proposals on technologies aligned
with boosting production of local AFF inputs.

Outcome 4: Agricultural institutions strengthened

The region will also strengthen its agricultural institutions by implementing the following
strategies: a) improve coordination and convergence of government agencies in planning,
programming, and budgeting along agriculture, fishery, and forestry; b) enhance support to
agricultural education and job-skills matching; and c) enhance research and extension services.

Improve coordination and convergence of government agencies in planning,

programming, and budgeting along agriculture, forestry, and fisheries

The passage of the EO 138 (s. 2021) demands improved coordination and convergence of
government agencies in planning, programming, and budgeting along agriculture as a devolved
function. The RDC-X and its Economic Development Committee will ensure that policies,
programs, and projects for the AFF sector will go through proper vetting. The RDC-X will ensure
that endorsements of AFF proposals for national government or Official Development Assistance
funding are aligned with the priority thrusts of the sector and the region.

The DA-X and its attached agencies will steer the implementation of the National Agriculture and
Fisheries Modernization and Industrialization Plan (NAFMIP) 2021-2030153 in cooperation with
the LGUs.

Cities and municipalities in the region will be enjoined to update their CLUPs using the updated
land use maps of SAFDZs and the Network of Protected Areas for Agriculture and Agro-Industrial
Development (NPAAD). Likewise, the LGUs will update their inventory of reclassified lands,
including idle lands, for effective monitoring and proper land utilization.

Enhance support to agricultural education and job-skills matching

The region will ensure the responsiveness of job and skills-matching programs of the government
through the participation of industry in the formulation of curricula in AFF State Universities and
Colleges (SUCs). Along this line, more Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
Region X (TESDA-X)-accredited assessment centers for senior high school students taking up the
Agri-Fishery Strand will be established. Senior high school graduates will be given TESDA
certifications in agriculture-related competencies, which they can use to apply for jobs in AFF-
related industries. The ACEF and fishery scholarship programs will be promoted to further
encourage the youth to enroll in agriculture and fishery courses in HEIs (see Subchapter 4.2 and
Chapter 5). Meanwhile, the academe will be encouraged to adopt and teach modern agri-fishery in
the context of agri-food systems or value chain approach with focus on applications of AFF’s best
practices and modern technologies.

The DA-Agriculture Training Institute and DTI RAPID Growth Project, in cooperation with the
Commission on Higher Education Region X (CHED-X) and SUCs will collaborate in redeveloping
education and training services by adopting needs-based capacity development programs for small
farmers and fisherfolk and MSMEs.

Enhance research and extension services

The implementation of DA’s unified R4DE154 or OneDA Research for Development and Extension
agenda for Philippine agriculture will be intensified. The unified R4DE provides guidelines for the
harmonization of research and extension toward modernization and industrialization of
Philippine agriculture. It provides guidance in addressing deficiencies in the existing R4DE system
that were identified during a rapid assessment conducted by the DA and the project team. Research
consortia will harmonize their RDE efforts with the DA’s R4DE.
Legislative Agenda
RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
AGENCIES
National Land Use Bill This aims to establish a national land use framework that will define Department of
the priorities for land utilization and allocation across residential, Environment and
infrastructure, agricultural, and protective uses; integrate efforts and Natural Resources
monitor developments related to land use; and improve policies, (DENR), Department
regulations, and directions of land use planning processes. of Agriculture (DA),
Department of
Agrarian Reform
(DAR), Department of
Trade and Industry
(DTI), Department of
Public Works and
Highways (DPWH),
Department of
Tourism (DOT),
Department of the
Interior and Local
Government (DILG),
Department of
Justice (DOJ),
Department of
Energy (DOE),
Department of
Human Settlements
and Urban
Development
(DHSUD), Local
Government Units
(LGUs)
Increasing Idle Land Tax This aims to promote the productive use of idle lands, even if Department of
temporary, but without prejudice to the rights of owners to security Finance (DOF), DILG,
of tenure. LGUs
Amendments to the Land This aims to increase the authorized capital of the LBP for better Land Bank of the
Bank of the Philippines funding assistance in government programs for primary producers. Philippines (LBP)
(LBP) Charter This will also enable the bank to operate as a government financial
institution responsible for broad-based agricultural and rural
development.
Strengthening the This aims to provide additional funding for provincial LGUs to DA, LGUs
agricultural extension incentivize them in investing and/or improving the provincial agri-
system fishery extension system. The additional funding can help the
provincial LGUs operationalize the PAFES with the assistance of DA.
 RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
AGENCIES
The RDC-X passed Resolution No. 107, s. 2021, Enjoining the Provincial
Government of Bukidnon to Support the Pilot Implementation of the
Province-Led Agriculture and Fisheries Extension Systems (PAFES) and
All Provincial Governments in Region X to Support its Full
Implementation in 2022. The DA-X leads in the establishment of PAFES
in all provinces in Region X, with the Province of Bukidnon as the pilot
province.
Farm-to-Market Road This seeks to institutionalize the Farm-to-Market Road Development DA, DPWH
Development and Program (FMRDP) and funding commitment to achieve significant
Acceleration Bill improvement in the Philippine barangay road network to serve the
needs of the Philippine Food Systems transformation.

Research Agenda
RESPONSIBLE
RESEARCH AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
AGENCIES
Review of the Rice Review the guidelines of the Rice Competitiveness Enhancement Department of
Tariffication Law Fund (RCEF) and evaluate the effectiveness of its Agriculture (DA),
implementation. Study areas for amendment including extending National Economic
the implementation period of RCEF and exploring similar and Development
mechanisms for other grains/ commodities such as corn. Authority (NEDA),
Department of
Budget and
Management (DBM)
Review of the mandate and Heavy importation of sugar is a current concern. The DA Sugar Regulatory
extent of implementation of government agency tasked to improve competitiveness of the Administration (SRA)
the roles and functions of the sugar industry is heavily focusing its function along sugar
Sugar Regulatory importation. There is a need to review its function and urge the
Administration (SRA) per RA agency to refocus its efforts on its main mandate of enhancing
10659 or the Sugarcane the productivity of the farmers, providing sufficient reserves,
Industry Development Act of and achieving export status per RA 10659.
2015.
Review the credit programs A review of the existing mechanisms shall be pursued to ensure DTI Small Business
and processes of existing that assistance would reach the intended beneficiaries. Issues Corporation (SBCorp),
government such as overpriced agricultural inputs/tractors/machineries, Agricultural Credit
corporations/financial and the inefficient system of distribution hamper the capacity of Policy Council (ACPC),
institutions/mechanisms and smallholder farmers to access much-needed financial and Land Bank of the
partner cooperatives, Land technological capital. Philippines (LBP), DA,
Bank of the Philippines, among Philippine Center for
others) and DA’s programs Postharvest
along provisions of Development and
agricultural inputs,
 RESPONSIBLE
RESEARCH AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
AGENCIES
machineries, and heavy Mechanization
equipment (e.g DA’s Plant, (PhilMech)
Plant, Plant Program, DA-
PhilMech’s RCEF
Mechanization Program,
among others)

Preparation of a feasibility As the region’s population continues to grow and urbanization is NEDA-X, DA-X, DTI-X
study of a Metropolitan Agri- expected to keep expanding, there will be a growing market
park or the Metro Food and demand for safe and high-quality food. Hence, the concept of
Agri-Based Products Cluster metropolitan agri-food park or the metro food cluster is
(MFAPC) proposed to be adopted as an innovative agricultural production
process and distribution mechanism from the farm to
distribution centers and the households in the metropolis and
other urban centers. A study of this technology will be pursued
to assess its feasibility in the region, including the appropriate
entities that will operationalize it.
Study on the prevalence of The concern about the prevalence of indiscriminate land NEDA-X, DHSUD-X,
indiscriminate land conversions in the region had been raised during the Regional Department of
conversions in the region. Development Plan local consultations. Moreover, there is also a Agrarian Reform
palpable increase in the number of residential sites in upland Region X (DAR-X),
areas. State Universities
and Colleges/Higher
This issue needs further probing along with the study to education Institutions
document the magnitude of agricultural lands reclassified by the (SUCs/HEIs), Local
LGUs for other uses. Government Units
Study on the inventory of idle Although taxation on idle lands has been mentioned in one of the NEDA-X, DHSUD-X,
lands considering their CLUPs in the region, there has been no concrete study on the SUCs/HEIs, DA-X
potential for food production inventory of idle lands. This study will aid the policymakers in
assessing the extent of idle lands and coming up with
appropriate recommendations for the appropriate utilization of
these areas.
Study on the issues related to The region lacks a study on the level of technology adoption, DA-X, Bureau of
technology adoption, innovation, and value-adding initiatives of SFFs in the region. This Fisheries and Aquatic
innovation, and value-adding includes a study of their perception of entrepreneurship. The Resources Region X
initiatives of SFFs, and their result of the study will guide the implementing agencies such as (BFAR-X), DTI-X,
attitude towards DA, its attached agencies, and other RLAs (DTI, DOST, etc.) for Department of
entrepreneurship. appropriately customizing interventions. Science and
Technology Region X,
SUCs/HEIs, NEDA-X
Study on the level of There is a need for a comprehensive study on the level of awareness of DA-X, BFAR-X, Philippine
awareness of SFF on SFF on government programs, and their propensity to access available Crop Insurance
government programs, and government credit/financing and insurance. The result of the study will Corporation Region X
guide the RLAs on the interventions to pursue to make their services (PCIC-X), SUCs/ HEIs,
their propensity to access
NEDA
 RESPONSIBLE
RESEARCH AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
AGENCIES
available government more accessible to the SFFs, and improve uptake of credit/financing
credit/financing and and insurance services of the government.
insurance services
Study to validate the dwindling The average age of farmers and fisherfolk in the region in 2022 DA-X, BFAR-X,
interest of the youth to pursue is 46 years old (RSBSA). There is a concern about the declining SUCs/HEIs, NEDA-X
agriculture-related interest of youth to pursue agriculture-related professions as
professions, and description of this will affect the human resource capacity of the region’s AFF
the status of the region’s sector in the long run. The result of the study will guide the
human resource capacity on implementing agencies, particularly DA-X and the SUCs/HEIs in
AFF sector’s long-term designing strategies to increase the interest of the youth (e.g.,
sustainability. incentives) in pursuing agriculture-related professions.

Results Matrix
End-of- Responsible
Baseline ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS Plan Means of Agency/
Indicators Target
(Year) Verification Reporting
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2028 Entity

Chapter Outcome: Agriculture and Agribusiness Modernized

Poverty incidence among 34.2 (2018) 25-30 25-30 25-30 25-30 25-30 25-30 25-30 Philippine Depart of
farmers decreased (%) Statistics Agriculture
Authority Region X
Region X (DA-X), PSA-
(PSA-X) X
report
Poverty incidence among 20.5 (2018) 15-19 15-19 15-19 15-19 15-19 15-19 15-19 Agency Bureau of
fisherfolk decreased (%) report Fisheries
and Aquatic
Resources
(BFAR-X),
PSA-X
Growth in AFF Gross Value 3.8 (2021) 2.5-4.5 2.5-4.5 3.0-4.5 3.0-4.5 3.0-4.5 3.0-4.5 3.0-4.5 Agency DA-X
Added increased (%) report
Outcome 1: Efficiency of AFF production enhanced

Rice self-sufficiency ratio 84.48 (2021) 86-88 86-88 86-88 86-88 86-88 86-88 86-88 Agency DA-X
increased (%) report

Corn self-sufficiency ratio 143.71 (2021) 140 142 144 146 148 150 150 Agency DA-X
increased (%) report

Yield of major commodities increased (metric

tons/ha or MTH)
Palay 4.78 (2021) 4.95 4.98 5.01 5.06 5.11 5.16 5.16 Agency DA-X
report
Irrigated 4.92 (2021) 5.15 5.2 5.26 5.32 5.38 5.44 5.44 Agency DA-X
report
Rainfed 3.87 (2021) 3.87 3.87 3.88 3.89 3.90 3.91 3.91 Agency DA-X
report
Corn 3.78 (2021) 3.85 3.94 3.98 4.04 4.08 4.14 4.14 Agency DA-X
report
White 2.72 (2021) 2.78 2.96 3.0 3.05 3.10 3.16 3.16 Agency DA-X
report
Yellow 4.81 (2021) 4.91 4.92 4.96 5.02 5.06 5.12 5.12 Agency DA-X
report
 End-of- Responsible
Baseline ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS Plan Means of Agency/
Indicators Target
(Year) Verification Reporting
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2028 Entity

Coconut
Copra 1.42 (2021) 1.52 1.52 1.59 1.59 1.71 1.71 1.71 Agency Philippine
report Coconut
Authority
Region X
(PCA-X)
Nuts 6.52 (2021) 6.82 6.82 7.15 7.15 7.70 7.70 7.70 Agency PCA-X
report
Banana 3 Agency DA-X
7.48 (2021) 9.76 0.96 2.19 3.45 4.75 6.10 6.10 report
Pineapple 6 Agency DA-X
0.87 (2021) 4.58 6.52 8.51 0.57 2.69 4.87 4.87 report
Sugarcane 60.45 (2021) Agency DA-X
4.13 6.06 8.04 0.08 2.18 4.35 4.35 report
Percent of agricultural land 96.99(2022) 97.24 97.43 97.80 98.04 98.25 98.46 98.46 Agency Department
distributed under CARP report of Agrarian
increased (%) Reform
(DAR-X)
No. of hectares of Agricultural 320,042 320,866 321,488 322,705 323,512 324,193 324,895 324,895 Agency DAR-X
Lands distributed under CARP (2022) report
increased (cumulative)
Percent of farmers receiving 98.57 (2022) 98.84 99.03 99.34 99.54 99.79 99.97 99.97 Agency DAR-X
CLOA increased (%) report
Number of farmer beneficiaries 185,115 185,640 185,979 186,567 186,955 187,412 187,752 187,752 Agency DAR-X
holders of emancipation patents (2022) report
(EP)and certificates of land
ownership award (CLOA)
increased (cumulative)
Number of group beneficiaries 2,521 (2021) 2,600-2,700 Agency DA-X
provided with technical support 2,600- 2,600- 2,600- 2,600- 2,600- 2,600- report
services increased (annual 2,700 2,700 2,700 2,700 2,700 2,700
incremental)
Number of group beneficiaries 372 (2021) 400-500 Agency DA-X
provided with agricultural and report
fisheries machinery, equipment 400-500 400-500 400-500 400- 400-500 400-500
and irrigation facilities 500
increased (annual incremental)
Outcome 2: Access to markets and AFF-based enterprises expanded

Farm to Market Roads (FMRs) 48.5 (2021) 100-150 100-150 100-150 100-150 100-150 100-150 100-150 DA-X, DA-X,
constructed (km) increased Departmen DPWH-X
(annual incremental) t of Public
Works and
Highways
Region X
(DPWH-X)
reports
Number of AFF-enterprises 2,579 (2021) 2,600- 2,600- 2,600- 2,600- 2,600- 2,600- 2,600- Agency DA-X
provided with technical support 2,700 2,700 2,700 2,700 2,700 2,700 2,700 report
services increased (annual
incremental)
Outcome 3: Resilience of AFF value chains improved

Amount of insurance coverage 4,322.78 5,087.59 5,341.97 5,609.06 5,889.52 6,183.99 6,493.19 6,493.19 Agency Philippine
for farmers covered by (2022) report Crop
agricultural insurance increased Insurance
(PhP million), cumulative Corporation
Region X
(PCIC-X)
Government premium subsidy 343.59 350.67 368.19 386.60 405.93 426.23 447.54 447.54 Agency PCIC-X
for farmers covered by (2022) report
agricultural insurance
increased, (PhP million),
cumulative
 End-of- Responsible
Baseline ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS Plan Means of Agency/
Indicators Target
(Year) Verification Reporting
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2028 Entity

Number of RSBSA-registered 183,928 181,222 190,283 199,797 209,787 220,276 231,290 231,290 Agency PCIC-X
farmers provided with (2022) report
subsidized agricultural
insurance increased
(cumulative)

Major and Catalytic Programs and Projects155

The major and catalytic programs and projects, on top of the agencies’ regular programs, that will
operationalize the strategies in this chapter leading to modernized agriculture and fisheries are as
follows:

 Farm and Fisheries Clustering and Consolidation Program (F2C2);

 Support to Parcelization of Lands for Individual Titling (SPLIT) project;
 Registry System for Basic Sectors in Agriculture (RSBSA);
 Mindanao Inclusive Agriculture Development Project (MIADP);
 Philippine Fisheries and Coastal Resiliency (FishCoRe) Project;
 Various programs and projects of the 2022-2026 Philippine Coconut Farmers and Industry
Development Plan (CFIDP);
 Philippine Rural Development Project (PRDP) Scale-Up;
 Farm to Market Road Development Program;
 Special Area for Agricultural Development (SAAD) Program;
 Agriculture Production Services Programs;
 Fisheries Development and Extension programs;
 Fishery post-harvest and marketing subprogram;
 Fiber Development Program;
 Plant, Plant, Plant Program;
 DA-ACPC Credit Programs (SURE-COVID 19, KAYA, ANYO);
 Adaptation and Mitigation Initiative in Agriculture (AMIA) Program;
 PCIC-subsidized insurance for the RSBSA-listed farmers and fisherfolk; and
 OneDA Research for Development and Extension (R4DE).
124
Discussion paper “Modernizing Agriculture and Fisheries: Overview of Issues, Trends, and Policies” by Dr. Roehlano M. Briones, February 2022
125
https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL (refer to the country with the highest official figure on maize/corn yield for 2021)
126
https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL (refer to the top 5 countries with the highest official figures on palay/rice yield for 2021)
127
https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL (refer to the top 5 countries with the highest official figures on maize/corn yield for 2021)
128
https://openstat.psa.gov.ph/PXWeb/pxweb/en/DB/DB__2E__AFC/0012E6CNAF0.px/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=ef4316be-696a-4de5-bdcb-
a372485f69ba
129
https://openstat.psa.gov.ph/PXWeb/pxweb/en/DB/search/?searchquery=poverty%20incidence
130
https://www.philrice.gov.ph/ricelytics/fertprices
131
https://www.doe.gov.ph/retail-pump-prices-mindanao?page=5
132
Mindanao Farm-to-Market Road Network Plan 2023-2027, commissioned by the DA- Bureau of Agricultural and Fisheries Engineering (BAFE)
to the Caraga State University, December 2021
133
The average age of farmers and fisherfolk in the region is 46 years old as of December 2022 using the Registry System for Basic Sectors in
Agriculture (RSBSA) as reference. The DA already registered 423,943 farmers and fisherfolk under the RSBSA.
134
The recommendation of utilizing idle lands for agricultural production was raised during the RDC-X’s RDP 2023-2028 local consultations
135
E.O. 138 (s. 2021) “Full Devolution of Certain Functions of the Executive Branch to Local Governments, Creation of A Committee on Devolution,
and for other Purposes,” which mandates the full devolution of basic services and facilities to the LGUs due to the increased share of tax as upheld
by the Supreme Court in the Mandanas-Garcia ruling.
136
a. Provinces: Agricultural extension and on-site research services and facilities which include the prevention and control of plant and animal pests
and diseases; dairy farms, livestock markets, animal breeding stations, and artificial insemination centers; and assistance in the organization of
farmers and fisherfolk cooperatives and other collective organizations, as well as the transfer of appropriate technology;
b. Municipalities: Agriculture extension on-site research services and facilities related to agriculture and fishery activities related to dispersal of
livestock, poultry, fingerlings and seedlings; operation of demonstration farms; improvement of local distribution channels, inter- barangay
irrigation systems; enforcement of fishery laws; and establishment of fish ports; and
c. Barangays: Agricultural support services which include planting materials distribution system and operation of farm produce collection and buying
stations.”
137
Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Management Information System (ABEMIS) has been developed by the Bureau of Agricultural and
Fisheries Engineering (BAFE) as a repository of information relative to the planning, implementation, monitoring, operationalization and
regulations of mechanization, irrigation, farm-to-market roads and other agricultural infrastructure projects (https://abemis.da.gov.ph/).
138
Geographic Information System for Agricultural and Fisheries Machinery and Infrastructure (GEOAGRI) is an in-house web-based system jointly
developed by the Bureau of Agricultural and Fisheries Engineering and Caraga State University to consolidate the information of FMR projects. It
is envisioned to be the common portal for all Government Agencies and Local Government Unit (LGU) implementing FMR which promotes
transparency, governance, maximized resource allocation and minimized duplication and overlapping of projects (http://geoagri.da.gov.ph/) .
139
The Sufficiency Economy Philosophy suggests that farmers apply the essential principles of the Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy, namely
moderation, due consideration and self-immunity to their practice of farming as this would shield them from the risks and impacts of globalization
and other uncontrollable factors in their farming.( https://www.chaipat.or.th/eng/concepts-theories/sufficiency-economy-new-theory.html)
140
The integrator cooperatives will take charge of buying of palay and will assist the main consolidator cooperative in trading.
141
It is worthwhile to note that about a decade ago, a World Bank-commissioned feasibility study on the subject was conducted for the country. The
results of the study revealed that among potential sites in the country, Region X was a primary candidate for the project. Unfortunately, the project
did not push through as the lead DA-attached agency, the Philippine Agricultural Development and Commercial Corporation (PADCC) was
abolished then.
142
The FishCORE is a USD 176.02 million World Bank loan project of the country that aims to to improve management of targeted fisheries
resources and enhance the value of fisheries production to coastal communities in selected Fisheries Management Areas (FMAs), specifically FMA 6
(Regions 1, 3, 4A, 4B, NCR, CAR, Lead: Region 3) and FMA 9 (Regions 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, Lead: Region 10).
143
According to the World Bank, the blue economy is the "sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods, and jobs
while preserving the health of ocean ecosystem." (https://www.un.org/regularprocess/sites/www.un.org.regularprocess/files/rok_part_2.pdf)
144
Authorized Capital Stock refers to the maximum number of shares a company is legally allowed to issue or offer based on its corporate
charter(https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/authorized-share-
capital.asp#:~:text=Authorized%20share%20capital%E2%80%94also%20known,based%20on%20its%20corporate%20charter.)
145
Primary producers are persons or organizations involved in the extraction or winning of products consisting of raw materials, as in agriculture,
forestry, and fishing. (https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/primary-producer)
146
As the Component 2 of the FishCORE Project, MARLIN aims to enhance the economic value of fisheries and aquaculture to fishing communities
through strategic and climate-resilient investments to reduce postharvest losses, expand aquaculture production, and add value to fisheries
production. It aims to enhance the income-earning opportunities of capture fishers and fisher organizations as well as expand the overall value of
the sector within the Selected FMAs.
147
Agrosilvopastoral systems have been promoted as sustainable models that combine crops, livestock grazing, and forestry in the same area.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S155074242030083X)
148
Agrisilvicultural systems are a combination of crops and trees, such as alley cropping or homegardens.
(https://www.fao.org/forestry/agroforestry/80338/en/)
149
https://pgc.up.edu.ph/research-development/program-on-agriculture-livestock-fisheries-forestry/developing-a-sustainable-dairy-cattle-genetic-
stock-in-the-philippines/
150
https://summitdialogues.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Philippines-National-Food-Systems-Transformation-Pathway.pdf
151
Early warning systems are a strategic building block to cope with and adapt to climate change. (https://www.undp.org/srilanka/stories/early-
warning-systems)
152
Green Climate Fund (GCF) was created to support the efforts of developing countries in responding to the challenge of climate change. It seeks to
promote a paradigm shift to low-emission and climate-resilient development, taking into account the needs of nations that are particularly
vulnerable to climate change impacts. (https://niccdies.climate.gov.ph/climate-finance/green-climate-fund )
153
The National Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization and Industrialization Plan (NAFMIP) serves as a directional plan which will steer sector-
wide growth during the planning period. It will direct the development of more comprehensive and operationally focused agri-fishery plans, such as
commodity system roadmaps, provincial commodity investment plans (PCIPs), and comprehensive land use plans (CLUP). The NAFMIP aspires to
make the agriculture and fishing industries into a modern and responsive component of the Philippine economy and society. By 2030, NAFMIP
envisions a resilient, food- and nutrition-secure Philippines with empowered and prosperous farmers and fisherfolk. This goal is achievable through
three levels of purpose strategy covering (1) economic opportunities, (2) smallholders farmers' and fisheries access to opportunities, and (3)
consumer options for safe and healthy food. By balancing production supply and consumer demand for products like rice, corn, vegetables, fish, and
livestock, the planning approach offers a variety of opportunities to link commodities in various ways and adapt plans for food sovereignty by giving
local farmers, distributors, and consumers control over food systems.
154
The development of the One R4DE is one of the four components of the project Revitalizing the Technical Capabilities of the DA in Support
towards the Transformative Programs and Policies for the Agriculture and Fisheries Sector project funded by the DA Bureau of Agricultural
Research and led by the University of the Philippines Los Baños. The three other components of the project include the conduct of rapid assessment
of the DA’s R4DE system, capacity building of DA personnel, and the development of a central database on agricultural commodities.
155
Major PAP is defined as ongoing or proposed development program or project of an agency with total investment cost of at least P1 billion and is
aligned with the 8-point agenda of PBBM. Catalytic development program or project, is an ongoing or proposed program or project of an agency
with total investment cost greater or lower than P1 billion, and possesses one or both of the following characteristics: a) Enhances socioeconomic
growth; and b) Induces crowding-in of resource flows. The details, including the investment targets and project cost are further defined in the
Regional Development Investment Program (RDIP) 2023-2028, which will be formulated in the First Semester 2023.
Revitalize Industry
The growth of the industry sector is critical in facilitating economic transformation. In Northern
Mindanao, the industry sector was instrumental to the region’s economic recovery from the COVID-19
pandemic. It has great potential for further growth as it has the highest productivity among the sectors.
This would require the promotion of more value-adding activities and maximizing opportunities from
science, technology, and innovation.

To strengthen Northern Mindanao’s position as an industrial core in the South, the region will push for
industry to be the engine for transformation in the production sector to generate more quality jobs and
competitive products. To attain this goal, the region’s industries will expand market production and
supplier base, move up the value chain, and enhance inter-sectoral linkages. An enabling business and
investment climate will also be ensured.

Through focused and targeted interventions, and enhanced inter-industry, government, and private
sector linkages, the region will champion existing and potential export products and promote its
locational assets156 as key investment areas for more greenfield157 investments and sustainable
production activities.

Assessment and Challenges

The industry sector was instrumental to the region’s economic recovery from the COVID-19
pandemic. The region’s industrial output, as measured by its Gross Value Added, increased from
negative 2.5 percent in 2020 to positive 8.7 percent in 2021. The uptrend of the industry sector in
2021 is 1.5 percentage points higher than the 2017-2019 average growth of 7.2 percent. This signals
that the economic recovery for the region is on track.

The robust performance of the mining and quarrying (17.8%), construction (10.7%), and
manufacturing (8.2%) subsectors largely contributed to the growth of the industry sector in 2021.
Construction expanded as the government resumed full implementation of the Build, Build, Build
program. The expansion in the manufacturing sector was brought about by the increased outputs
in food products, beverages, textiles, electrical equipment, and chemical and chemical products.

The share of industry to Region X’s aggregate output in the past two decades signals a crawling
pace ascent to industrialization due to minimal value-adding activities. The industry sector is
characterized by higher productivity as compared to the services and agriculture sectors. However,
the industry share in Region X’s economy in the past two decades increased by an average of only
1.5 percentage points from 18.3 percent in 2000 to 25.7 percent in 2021. This means that the
region’s pace towards industrialization is sluggish, which could be attributed to minimal value-
adding activities. As shown in Figure 8.1, it was only in 2015 that the share of industry output
started to outpace agriculture at 23 percent and since then its share remained at no more than 26
percent.

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Region X (PSA-X)

Government support facilitated adoption of technology and innovation and improved

efficiency and productivity among MSMEs in Region X. The pandemic disrupted the operation
and growth momentum of the MSMEs in the region. About 6,000 firms either permanently or
temporarily closed or have retrenched workers. Despite this, 336 MSMEs were able to transition
by adapting safety protocols as the economy reopened in 2021. These MSMEs were issued with
Safety Seal Certification by the DTI-X, Department of Tourism Region X (DOT-X), and
Department of Labor and Employment Region X (DOLE-X). MSMEs quickly adapted to the shift
in e-commerce transactions by utilizing online cash payments and online marketing platforms
enabled by government and the private sector.

The industry clustering approach to industry development adopted by DTI-X facilitated the
expansion and linkages of MSMEs to the domestic market outside Northern Mindanao. Focus was
given to the region’s champion industry clusters such as coffee, cacao, coco coir, bamboo,
processed food, and wearables and home styles. Other regional programs such as the establishment
of 48 shared service facilities (SSFs), food innovation centers, and fabrication laboratories (Fab
Labs) also contributed to MSME productivity and efficiency. The business assistance and advisory
services through the Negosyo Centers, Small and Medium Enterprise Roving Academy, and Mentor
Me programs, proved effective, especially for newly established and growing micro and small
enterprises.

The Regional Inclusive Innovation Center (RIIC), through the Optimizing Regional Opportunities
for Business Excellence through Science, Technology, and Innovation (OROBEST Innovation)
and the Innovation thru Leveraging Industry, Government, Academe Networks and Inclusive
Community Engagements (ILIGANiCE) programs steered the upgrading and innovation
initiatives of MSMEs.

One success story is the Pinyapel by the Cagayan de Oro Handmade Paper Crafts. The firm
produced specialty paper and packaging materials from discarded pineapple leaves that are
abundant in the region. The product was developed with the assistance of the Design Center of the
Philippines and awarded as a finalist under the accelerator program of the Design and Art
Direction Future Impact Program.158 The accelerator program aims to bring the idea of utilizing
agricultural waste to replace forest trees in producing paper. Other innovation champions in the
region that were developed through the OROBEST Innovation program, include an automatic
charging system for electric vehicles, solar energy panels, thermal drying and roasting, and ready-
to-cook processed food packs, among others.

Low level of competitiveness among MSMEs and limited market reach remain a concern
despite government support. Out of the 4,382 industry firms159 in the region, 231 firms (5.3%)
were granted the Philippine Standard or Import Commodity Clearance license,160 a development
denoting the willingness of businesses to deliver local and global standards. While this is 15.5
percent higher than in 2020, and three times higher than in 2016, it is 50 percent lower than the
number of potential small firms (432) that can likely compete in the global markets. Given the
Department of Trade and Industry Region X’s (DTI-X) aggressive monitoring and enforcement of
products for mandatory certification, further support is needed for these potential enterprises.161

Common industry competitiveness challenges in Region X are difficulties in finance and market
access since the industry is mostly composed of micro and small firms (98%). This composition
mirrors the “hollow” or missing in the middle structure of the country’s industrial sector162 and a
relatively skewed market advantage to existing medium to large firms, which make up only two
percent of the sector. Micro and small firms, due to the smaller nature of their capital, face a higher
risk than their larger counterparts.
Enabling policies for industry revitalization were enacted but several factors continue to
restrain the industry sector’s growth. Several landmark legislations were enacted during the
Duterte administration, which facilitated the region’s industry revitalization. These include the
Corporate Recovery and Tax Incentives for Enterprises (CREATE) Act (Republic Act 11534), the
Philippine Innovation Act (RA 11293), and the Innovative Start Up Act (RA 11337).

Ease of doing business through digitalization is critical in breaking the constraints of starting and
growing a business in the industry and services sectors. The online systems163 in business
registration implemented by the DTI-X and the Securities and Exchange Commission Region X
(SEC-X) facilitated the increase in the number of registered businesses, with 26,614 registered
businesses in 2021. Moreover, 46 out of 93 cities/municipalities in the region have established the
electronic Business Process Licensing System as of 31 December 2021.

However, several factors continue to restrain the growth and diversification of the region’s
industries and MSMEs, which include high cost of power, poor sectoral linkages with larger firms,
and regulatory burdens,164 among others. Philippine port cargo handling costs remain the highest
in the ASEAN, which is higher by 31 percent when compared to Singapore and 250 percent when
compared to Saigon. This results in higher logistics costs for manufacturers and consumers alike,
and a higher contribution to the cost of goods sold (COGS) at 25.5 percent.165

Strategy Framework
To transform the productive sectors and generate quality jobs and competitive products by
revitalizing industry, three strategic outcomes will be pursued: a) market production and supplier
base expanded; b) moving up the value chain achieved by improving industry competitiveness,
and creating a dynamic and sustainable industry ecosystem; and c) inter-sectoral linkages
enhanced.

The strategies under these outcomes consider the primary role of the private sector in generating
more and better jobs, and producing quality goods. These will be facilitated through a business-
friendly environment where industries thrive, grow, innovate, and contribute to sustainable
development.
Strategies
In pursuing economic transformation through revitalizing industry, strategies will be oriented
towards developing products that meet the needs of wider markets and expand revenue streams.
For the region’s industries to move up the value chain, strategies under this chapter will require
focused interventions to improve MSME competitiveness and significant investments and
advancements in research and development, and innovation (See Chapter 10). This will lead
industries to improve their profitability, increase their differentiation, and attract and retain skilled
workers. These outcomes will also be reliant on an enhanced foundation of inter-sectoral
collaboration and a robust business-enabling environment.

Outcome 1: Market production and supplier base expanded

Northern Mindanao will push for the expansion of its market production and supplier base by
establishing labor-intensive industries and enhancing business matching activities. The region will
also enjoin national government agencies and LGUs to provide focused support to industries
producing for domestic and international markets and to build or strengthen entrepreneurial
capacities of cooperatives and micro and small enterprises.
Promote inter- and intra-regional business-matching activities

The DTI-X will intensify the implementation of One Town One Product (OTOP) Next Gen166
program. With this, existing industry players of priority commodities with high potential for
growth under the OTOP program will be linked with Mindanao producers to come up with a One
Mindanao One Product branding. Inter-regional business matching activities will also be
promoted for businesses with similar capabilities across the country.

LGUs will be encouraged to establish functioning Local Economic Development and Investment
Promotion Office (LEDIPO). The LEDIPO plays an important role in maximizing opportunities
for domestic investment and business matching at the local level, and operationalizing the local
investment incentive code. LGUs will also institutionalize the profiling and standardization of
industry classification in the business permitting and licensing of MSMEs in accordance with the
national/international standard industry classification system for more responsive business to
business matching activities.

Harmonize targeted and time-bound local incentives with national incentives to

establish labor-intensive industries and businesses

The DTI-BOI and other concerned agencies will assist LGUs in aligning or harmonizing local
incentives with the CREATE Act. This will ensure that all tax incentives are reoriented towards the
strategic growth of industries in the region. One example is to codify and align the Local
Investment Promotions Plan with the National Strategic Investment Priority Plan. The DILG-X
through their Seal of Good Local Governance assessment system will continue to monitor the
codification of LGUs’ Investment Incentives Code and ensure its operationalization.

The DTI-BOI will continue to work closely with DILG-X through the Strengthening Initiatives for
Balanced Growth and Opportunities at the Localities (SIBOL) program to influence local
governments to incentivize and promote investment priority areas that would align with local skills
and workforce development programs. This collaboration will guarantee that locators enticed by
local fiscal and non-fiscal incentives are assured of a pool of talent and skills necessary for labor-
intensive industries.

Provide focused support to industries that are expanding for domestic and
international markets

To build on successful online and physical platforms, the government and private sector will
leverage the use of e-commerce to expand its consumers and producers base. Online marketing
platforms developed by the government such as the Kahimunan.com167 and oneSTore.ph168 will
continue to be promoted. Further, these will be assessed to gauge their effectivity, utilization, and
market reach as compared to private-driven platforms. Local initiatives on product marketing and
financial subsidies to expand market reach of local products such as Cagayan de Oro’s Ginama
OTOP hub will be studied for potential replication by other LGUs in the region.

The region will promote business to business partnerships for customer and market analytics to
expand market reach through the support of regional business organizations. Local industries,
particularly MSMEs, will be linked with businesses outside Region X that have capacities to provide
customer and market analytics information. Such initiative is implemented by the Cagayan de Oro
Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Oro Chamber), wherein they connect their member MSMEs
with a Manila-based start-up called ECFulfill,169 a company that supports local firms in selling
globally by generating market needs and requirements for local businesses to comply and adopt.

Towards focused and targeted industry development policies for MSME development, the region
will strengthen and expand private sector involvement through MSME policy-making bodies such
as the Regional Small and Medium Enterprise Development Council, Regional Competitiveness
Committee (RCC), and Industry Councils. This is to ensure that focused and targeted policies will
be in place to strategically address constraints to MSME growth and competitiveness.

Build and strengthen entrepreneurial capacities of cooperatives and micro and

small enterprises

The DTI-X, in coordination with the Cooperative Development Authority Region X (CDA-X) and
LEDIPOs, will strengthen capacity building of cooperatives and micro and small enterprises,
especially those previously created or established via government-led projects in rural areas.
Among such projects are the Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management
Project and Project Convergence on Value Chain Enhancement for Rural Growth and
Empowerment. Existing modules will be customized to activate the growth potentials of these
MSMEs or cooperatives in rural areas.

Outcome 2: Moving up the value chain achieved

Northern Mindanao will propel industry growth by improving competitiveness of existing MSMEs
with high diversification potential, and advancing those that are currently connected to the global
value chain towards becoming knowledge-and-technology intensive (KTI) industries. This shift
entails aggressively promoting science, technology, and innovation (STI) and creating a dynamic
and sustainable industry ecosystem. The private sector will also push for the adoption of
technology-enabled business models to improve business resilience.

Outcome 2.1: Industry competitiveness improved

Shepherd growth of exporting MSMEs with high degree of product diversification

The Regional Development Council of Northern Mindanao - Economic Development Committee

(RDC-X EDC) will push for the formulation of the Regional Inclusive Industry Cluster Roadmap
and the Regional Export Development Plan to harmonize priority commodities of various
government agencies. This will also facilitate the adoption of policies, programs, and projects that
will encourage product diversification and upgrading of Region X champion sectors.

Large firms or firms currently connected to global value chains (GVCs) will be linked to regional
champion MSMEs of similar capabilities or requirements. This will be pursued through
partnership agreements to ensure transfer of technology and knowledge, and product spillovers.
Research organizations and higher education institutions (HEIs) in the region will be encouraged
to study MSMEs with a high degree of product diversification and those that have high potential
to be integrated in the GVCs.

Promote industry activities that leverage technology-enabled business models

The region will foster technologically-capable enterprises, and sustain and maximize the use of
technology-enabled platforms, tools, and systems for e-commerce. The DTI-X, in coordination
with the Department of Science and Technology Region X (DOST-X), DICT-X, and regional
business organizations, will lead more capacity development efforts particularly on embracing the
Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). This will also be complemented with efforts from the academe
to implement entrepreneurial education (See Subchapter 4.2) and quadruple helix research and
development (R&D) collaboration (See Chapter 10).

Industry players that develop disruptive technologies will require conducive and contained space
to experiment their business models. To address their need for regulatory flexibility amid a highly
competitive environment, the DTI-X will adopt a regulatory sandbox that will allow live and time-
bound testing of innovations for the active and immediate review of regulating agencies.

Increase MSMEs access to financial capital, emerging technology, business

advisory services, and digitalization
Introducing a product or brand of quality goods and services in new markets is a challenge for
MSMEs as they compete with more established domestic and international brands. Despite the
agile integration of e-commerce into their operations, the high cost of new technologies remains a
barrier for MSMEs, which can make it difficult for them to keep up with the latest trends and
innovations. To overcome this, the DTI-X together with local business organizations and partner
firms will push for the establishment of larger and upgraded SSFs that will include common
business services such as product packaging, marketing, digitalization, logistics, distribution, and
assistance in consolidation, among others. In line with this, the region will push for the
establishment of the Northern Mindanao digital design and packaging hub, which will provide
design and packaging solutions to MSMEs that intend to expand to international markets.

Storage and logistics common service facilities will also be established to address high cost of
transporting goods and products. This will require substantial investment and business to business
partnerships with private sector players that will be facilitated by relevant agencies such as the
DTI-X and LGUs (See Chapter 9).

The DTI-X, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), and CDA-X will coordinate with government
agencies, banks, and cooperatives in streamlining their requirements and processes for financial
assistance to MSMEs. The National Economic and Development Authority Region X (NEDA-X),
in partnership with the BSP and SEC-X, will also expand financial literacy programs to include
micro and small enterprises and cooperatives (See Chapter 12).

Government banks and financial institutions such as the Small Business Corporation will intensify
promotion of its funding windows and streamline processes of availing these programs to increase
MSME loan uptake.

Accelerate and sustain support to academe and private sector-led innovation

and digitalization initiatives

The region with its globally-acclaimed universities170 is a fertile platform for active start-ups and
innovators from the private sector and academe. The DOST-X, DTI-X, and HEIs will sustain
support to engender a culture of innovation among aspiring MSMEs and startups. The OROBEST
Innovation led by the Oro Chamber, also capitalizes on the interest of the private sector to generate
and adopt scientifically developed technologies. Initiatives like this not only offer emerging
technologies to existing businesses for potential investments but these also serve to promote
technopreneurship and scale up the tech start-up culture in the region (See Chapter 10).
Improve industry resilience

The DTI-X, in partnership with the Office of Civil Defense Region X, Department of Environment
and Natural Resources Region X, DOST-X, DICT-X and NEDA-X, will help build the capacities
of entrepreneurs on business resiliency and business continuity planning, and critical crisis
management, among others. Partnership between Philippine embassies and consular offices of
countries that are important to regional industry players will also be forged to generate market
intelligence and early warning systems.

Outcome 2.2: Dynamic and sustainable industry ecosystem created

Foster science, technology, and innovation-driven regional industrialization

Northern Mindanao will be positioned as the innovation hub of Southern Philippines. Primary
support will be provided for the innovation of high-value agricultural products, including food
processing, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, among others. By fostering an innovation culture that
leads to more diverse and higher quality of goods, Region X will be able to open its existing food
industry to broader markets, both domestic and foreign. Thus, the RDC-X Regional Research,
Development, and Innovation Committee (RRDIC-X), will sustain efforts to establish innovation
centers. It will also expand and upgrade Food Innovation Centers, and other niche R&D centers
in the region by encouraging industries to provide counterpart investment in STI and forge
partnerships with the academe (See Chapter 10).

The region will localize implementation of strategies in the 4IR roadmaps to provide focused and
strategic facilities and services, human resources, R&D technologies, and science and technology
practices. The DTI-X and DOST-X will also develop and establish centers and hubs that are aligned
with the facilities indicated in the National Innovation Agenda and Strategy Document (NIASD).
The region’s academic sector will play a role in expanding research and extension programs to
reflect the utilization of 4IR technologies. The industry sector, as potential beneficiary, will
participate in the refinement of 4IR research agenda by giving industry context and technology
needs. The sector will also be encouraged to invest in research and development. A database of
technologically-mature enterprises will also be established to ensure the monitoring and updating
of 4IR players.

Facilities of 4IR are pioneering sites that will attract and incentivize new players by showcasing
breakthroughs in management and production technologies. To improve resilience in such
advanced models and facilitate the piloting of 4IR in the region, investment promotion agencies,
such as the DTI-BOI, Philippine Economic Zone Authority, and PHIVIDEC Industrial Authority
together with the LGUs, will attract locators with fiscal and non-fiscal incentives that are
harmonized with the CREATE law. The RRDIC-X will also push for the establishment of Science
and Technology parks (S&T Parks) that will further provide a dedicated area for the establishment
of 4IR facilities.

Iron and steel is critical to economic transformation, especially in boosting the manufacturing
industry. Northern Mindanao, which hosted a major steel mill company171, will push for the revival
of the steel industry to spur the revitalization of this sector. The DTI-BOI and the RDC-X EDC
will push for the study of the viability of reviving the steel industry in the region. This study is
critical in providing data and information that are relevant to the industry, particularly for
establishing a linkage for the steel’s downstream and upstream sectors. This strategy will contribute
to reducing reliance on imported semi-finished and finished steel products.

Build on collaborative momentum between private sector and government for export
development programs

Enterprises working towards expanding their consumer bases look towards exporting products to
international markets. To bridge export pillar enterprises, the DTI-X and DOST-X will support
MSMEs through incubation and acceleration programs. The region will also intensify or build on
the existing initiatives of the OROBEST Sustainable Program for Export Enterprise Development
of the Oro Chamber (See Chapter 10).

Entice more investors that support climate action and promote environmental,
social, and governance (ESG) investments

Region X will leverage on regional locational assets such as ecozones as areas for ESG investments
and sustainable production activities. Catering to large scale investments, ecozones, and industrial
areas for greenfield investments provide a strong domestic base of knowledge production and
technology generation. Thus, the region will encourage the PHIVIDEC Industrial Authority of the
PHIVIDEC Industrial Estate of Misamis Oriental (PIE-MO) to allocate special areas for
locators/investors that promote ESG investments or adopt sustainable production practices. The
DTI-BOI will also entice the private sector such as the private-led industrial areas like Habini Bay
and Alwana Business Park to promote an enabling environment for ESG investment.

The region is also host to the Metro Iligan Regional Agri-Industrial Center (MIRAIC) located in
Lanao del Norte and part of the Strategic Development Area (SDA) 2 (See Chapter 2). The
provincial government of Lanao del Norte will push for the operationalization of the MIRAIC to
open up opportunities for science, technology, and innovation-based agri-industrial locators. This
will also become a location for export-oriented agribusiness industries and investment area for
advanced agri-processing industries that adopt new technologies and sustainable production
practices. The operationalization of the MIRAIC will position the province as a hub for the Brunei
Darussalam–Indonesia–Malaysia–Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area (BIMP-EAGA), and will
play a pivotal role in supporting the Halal industry in the region.

Develop 4IR-ready workforce

With the advancement in technology in the region, many roles in the job market will be rendered
redundant by 4IR or may not yet be defined. Hence, the DOST-X, DICT-X, and DOLE-X will
intensify efforts on upskilling and reskilling the region’s labor force through the Philippines Skills
framework. The Department of Education Region X, Commission on Higher Education Region X,
and Technical Education and Skills Development Authority Region X will also ensure that HEIs
will align curricula with the required 4IR skills set (See Subchapter 4.2).

Outcome 3: Inter-sectoral linkages enhanced

Integrating science, technology, and innovation in industrialization is inherently multi-sectoral. A
revitalized industry will entail invigorating services and modernizing agriculture sectors. While
industry actively pursues international linkages through global value chains, domestic linkages will
be established at the forefront with the government, academe, and private sector.

Promote agglomeration/co-location of industry and services

A continuum of industry R&D centers and HEIs will be cultivated to effect a more responsive
supply of skills, information, and disciplines in line with actual demand of industries. Co-location
of industries with the academe will be promoted through the establishment of S&T Parks and by
nurturing an entrepreneurship pathway for HEIs (See Subchapter 4.2 and Chapter 10). The
University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines (USTP) will champion the
establishment of an S&T Park in Alubijid, Misamis Oriental along SDA 1 (See Chapter 2) The
proposed 300-hectare park will be a strategic growth area towards the metropolitanization of
Cagayan de Oro, as identified in the Master Plan for Sustainable Urban Infrastructure
Development in Metro CDO (See Chapter 2).
The dynamism of the private sector in the region will allow the forward and backward linkages
between the medium and large enterprises and micro and small enterprises through agglomeration
economies. This will be further promoted through inter-regional trade in the Metro Cagayan de
Oro-Metro Davao Agri-Industrial Corridor. The feasibility study of the proposed corridor will also
be pushed by the NEDA-X, in partnership with the Mindanao Development Authority and the
NEDA Regional Development Committee-Mindanao Area Committee.

Upgrade relevant regional/local industry roadmaps

Localized industry roadmaps stemming from national-level efforts by the DTI and DOST will be
reassessed to consider the rapid development of technology and the challenges brought by climate
change. To effect a science-driven ecosystem for the region, these roadmaps will consider new and
existing challenges and opportunities such as climate change, digital technology, and innovation
measures. The roadmaps will also identify skills and competencies critical for the industries to
adapt to the 4IR.

Outcome 4: Enabling business and investment climate ensured

An enabling business environment refers to a supportive and conducive setting that promotes the
growth and success of businesses. It involves factors such as stable political and regulatory
frameworks, efficient infrastructure, and access to financing and skilled labor. This environment
encourages innovation, investment, and entrepreneurship, fostering economic development and
attracting both domestic and foreign businesses.

Review unnecessary local and national regulations that deter industry growth

The region will improve the regulatory framework especially for champion industries by
conducting Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA). With the assistance of the Anti-Red Tape
Authority (ARTA), Philippine Competition Commission (PCC), and other partners, the
regulatory agencies will conduct RIA on local and national regulations that affect key and stagnant
industries172 in Region X.

To address high logistics and shipping costs, the Department of Transportation and its attached
agencies will improve the efficiency and quality of logistics infrastructure and streamline processes
in the delivery of services to ensure efficient movement of goods in the region (See Chapters 9 and
13).
Energy is crucial in supporting the region’s economy. To lower energy costs and facilitate the
reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the DOE and DTI-BOI will promote investments in
renewable energy sources. The DOE-Mindanao and the DOST-X will also champion the
formulation of the Northern Mindanao Renewable Energy Roadmap and Northern Mindanao
Sustainable Water Infrastructure Roadmap173 (See Chapter 13).

Streamline business permits and licensing processes and intensify digitalization

in doing business

The RCC, in partnership with the ARTA Northern Mindanao Regional Field Office X, the
Department of the Interior and Local Government Region X, and DICT-X, will intensify efforts to
streamline business permits and licensing processes, and accelerate digitalization of the business
processes of LGUs. Thus, the establishment of electronic Business One-Stop Shops at the local level
will be intensified (See Chapter 15).

Create a harmonized regional business profile information system

To harmonize efforts and efficiently manage limited government resources, the DTI-X, the
DICT-X and the Regional Small and Medium Enterprise Development Council in Region X will
push for the creation of a harmonized regional business profile information system. This will
provide disaggregated information on the structure of MSMEs in the region. This information
system will aid the proper targeting of assistance to MSMEs.

Sustain collaboration for industrial peace

Tripartite Industrial Peace Councils (TIPC) are central to upholding the rights of employers and
maintaining cordial industrial relations. To sustain the industry sector’s momentum, TIPCs will
monitor the compliance of concerned sectors and provide guidance for the implementation of
existing labor, economic, and social policies. The DOLE-X will assert its role in the Regional TIPC
by conducting regular summits and promoting the active participation of workers and employers
to attain industrial peace.

The DOLE-X and Regional Tripartite Wages and Productivity Board Region X will sustain efforts
that ensure that wages are commensurate to the skills, experience, and productivity of the labor
force and that workplaces are safe and practice fair labor practices (See Chapter 5).
Legislative Agenda

RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
AGENCIES
Amendments to the PEZA This entails updating the 27-year-old PEZA law to adopt PEZA, Department of
(Philippine Economic Zone digitalization of processes for the locators. This should open Trade and Industry
Authority) Law existing and proposed economic zones in the region, such as the Region X (DTI-X), DTI-
Philippine Veterans Investment Development Corporation and Metro Board of Investment
Iligan Regional Agri-Industrial Center (MIRAIC) to knowledge-and- (DTI-BOI)
technology intensive industries (KTI) and increase utilization of such
zones by funneling KTI locators to the region. This is important to
the region because of locational assets that have yet to be
operationalized like the MIRAIC and existing economic zones.
Localization/operationalizat This will actualize the provisions of national laws aimed at Department of
ion of the Philippine facilitating and supporting the innovation ecosystem of Northern Science and
Innovation Act (RA 11293) Mindanao and provide an operational framework for local Technology Region X
and the Innovative Startup governments that is aligned with the provisions of landmark (DOST-X), Regional
Act (RA 11337) to the legislations for innovation. Development Council
provinces/highly urbanized of Northern Mindanao
cities (RDC-X), DTI-X, RDC-X
Regional Research,
Development and
Innovation Committee
(RRDIC-X)
Science and Technology This bill proposes the establishment of Science and Technology DOST-X, USTP
Parks Act of 2020 Parks nationwide to foster the culture of competitiveness and
innovation through the active promotion of investments from
technology-based enterprises and knowledge-based institutions.

For the region, it shall provide guidelines and support to establish

the Science and Technology Park of the University of Science and
Technology of Southern Philippines (USTP).
Local ordinances and other The establishment of Innovation Centers in the region may be DOST-X, Department
related issuances spearheaded by national line agencies, but to ensure their of Information and
establishing innovation sustainability, it is imperative for LGUs to institutionalize these Communications
centers (innovation facilities through local ordinances. Technology Region X,
councils) across local DTI-X, LGUs, RRDIC-X
government units (LGUs) in
the region
Local Ordinances codifying To harmonize local incentives and their alignment with the DTI-X, LGUs , DTI-BOI,
local investment incentives Strategic Investment Priority Plan (SIPP) and applicable provisions Local Chambers,
and establishing local of the CREATE law, LGUs must codify investment incentives and PEZA-Registered
economic development and actualize a local economic development and investment Businesses,
investment promotions promotions unit to entice potential investors and provide an Operators Locational
units enabling business environment. Assets, PHIVIDEC
Research Agenda

RESPONSIBLE
RESEARCH AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
AGENCIES
Comprehensive baseline The study aims to provide a baseline for indicators contributing to the Department of
study for Northern region's innovation and startup ecosystem, determine trends in Science and
Mindanao's Innovation performance disaggregated by industry, and serve as input to the Technology Region X,
and Startup Ecosystem regional innovation and cluster policy. Department of Trade
and Industry Region X
(DTI-X)
Review on the The COVID-19 health pandemic revealed the vulnerability of the DTI-X, Department of
implementation of RA business sector especially MSMEs to various shocks. Thus, there is a the Interior and Local
10644: Go Negosyo Act need to review the extent of implementation of programs and projects Government Region X
and advocate for building related to MSME development in the country including provisions
micro-, small-, and under RA 10644.
medium-sized
enterprises (MSMEs)
capacity along business
resilience and crisis
management
Study on reviving the Steel is a basic material that societies cannot live without. The steel DTI-Board of
Steel Industry in the industry has many internal and external linkages. Investments, Private
region Sector, Regional
In 2019, the apparent steel consumption (ASC) of steel in the Philippines Development Council
peaked at 10 million metric tons. Since 2009, import penetration has of Northern
remained above 50 percent as ASC increasingly exceeded production. Mindanao - Economic
Some experts argue that the country’s heavy reliance on imported Development
semi-finished and finished steel products will be unsustainable when Committee
benchmarked against the expected ASC of 20 million metric tons by
2030.
Results Matrix (Core Indicators)

ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE

END OF a
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCY /
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
TARGET
ENTITYb
Chapter Outcome 1: Market production and supplier base expanded
Number of 250 no 265 275 285 295 305 305 Directory of Department of
common (2022) targ Common Trade and
service et Service Industry Region X
facilities/Share Facilities/Share (DTI-X)
d Service d Service
Facility Facilities
established
increased
Employment 1.37 1.38 1.39 1.310 1.4 1.41 1.42 1.42 Philippine PSA, DTI
generated by (2020) Statistics
the industry Authority (PSA)
sector National
increased Accounts/Provi
(in million) ncial Product
Accounts
Outcome 2: Moving up the value chain achieved
Competitiveness Improved
Number of 6 >10 >10 >15 >20 >30 >35 >35 Cities and Local Government
provinces, (2022) Municipalities Units (LGUs), DTI-
cities, and Competitive X
municipalities Index Survey
in the region
with high
Innovation
Index increased
Share of 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.6 3.0 3.0 Annual Survey DTI, PSA
medium (2020) of Philippine
enterprises to Business and
total number of Industry
micro, small,
and medium
enterprises
increased (%)
Dynamic and sustainable industry ecosystem created
Gross Value 8.7 8.0- 8.0- 8.5- 8.5- 8.5- 8.5- 8.5-10.0 PSA National DTI-X,
Added (GVA) (2021) 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Accounts Department of
growth rate of Labor and
industry sector Employment
accelerated (%) Region X,
Department of
Science and
Technology
Region X (DOST-
X), PSA
 ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
END OF a
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCY /
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
TARGET
ENTITYb
GVA growth 8.2 8.0- 8.0- 8.5- 8.5- 8.5- 8.5- 8.5-10.0 PSA National DTI, PSA
rate of (2021) 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Accounts
manufacturing
subsector
increased (%)
GVA growth 10.7 10.0- 10.0- 10.0- 10.0- 10.0- 10.0- 10.0-11.0 PSA National DTI, PSA
rate of (2021) 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 Accounts
construction su
bsector
increased (%)
GVA growth 6.5 7.0- 7.0- 7.0- 7.0- 7.0- 7.0- 7.0-8.0 PSA National DTI, PSA*
rate of (2021) 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 Accounts
electricity,
steam, water,
and waste
management
subsector
increased (%)
Number of 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 Annual DTI, DOST
operational (2022) Research and
Innovation Development
Centers Survey
established conducted by
increased DOST
Chapter Outcome 3: Inter-sectoral Linkages achieved
Export value 8,029.40 increasing Quarterly DTI-X
(millions USD) (2022) Regional
Economic
Situationer
Report
Chapter Outcome 4: Enabling Business and Investment Climate Ensured
Percentage of 49 54 70 75 80 85 90 90 Seal of Good Department of
LGUs with (2022) Local Information and
operational Governance Communications
integrated Assessment Technology
Business Report Region X,
Permit Department of
Licensing the Interior and
System in Local Government
accordance to X, LGUs
the EODB Law
(R.A. 11032) (%)
a/
Agency accountable for delivering the outputs/achievement of outcomes
Lead agency responsible for reporting progress on indicator targets
b/*
Major and Catalytic Programs and Projects 174

To realize outcomes directed towards revitalizing Northern Mindanao’s industry, and to enable
the transformation of production sectors to generate more quality jobs and competitive products,
the strategies set in this chapter are pursued in the programs and projects as follows:

 Revival of the steel industry in the region with comparative advantages;

 Operationalization of the Metro-Iligan Regional Agro-Industrial Center (MIRAIC) and
the development of other locational assets;
 OROBEST Innovation and OROBEST Sustainable Program for Export Enterprise
Development;
 Establishment of product development and design centers for MSMEs;
 Establishment of Food Innovation Centers across the region;
 Establishment of Innovation and Start-Up Hubs in all Congressional Districts;
 Shared Service Facility (SSF) known as the Northern Mindanao Digital Design and
Packaging Hub;
 DOST – ISTART- (Innovation, Science, Technology to accelerate
regional transformation);
 Mindanao Start-up Ecosystem Transformation program;
 Conduct of Annual Regional Innovation and Start-Up Summit; and
 National Freelancers Summit.
156
These are physical assets (land and buildings) that are considered as preferred investment areas that are developed to entice flow of investments
into the region.
157
Type of foreign direct investment (FDI) in which a parent company creates a subsidiary in a different country, building its operations from the
ground up.
158
The Design and Art Direction is a highly-esteemed, UK-based award giving body. The Future Impact category is for early-stage designs and
initiatives, recognized for their potential to drive change. Awardees under this category may apply for a development grant of up to £25,000.
159
The number of micro, small, and medium enterprises in the region based on 2019 list of establishments survey conducted by PSA.
160
A document issued by the DTI attesting that the quality and/or safety of an imported product conforms to a Philippine National Standard or Bureau
of Philippine Standards (BPS)- recognized international/foreign standard.
161
This refers to the product certification schemes implemented by the Bureau of Philippine Standards (BPS) to standardize local and imported products
(https://www.bps.dti.gov.ph/product-certification/product-certification-schemes).
162
Aldaba R., 2014. The Philippine Manufacturing Industry Roadmap: Agenda for new Industrial Policy, High Productivity Jobs, and Inclusive Growth,
PIDS.
163
DTI’s Business Name Registration System (BNRS) and the Security and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) Electronic Simplified Processing of
Application for Registration of Company (ESPARC).
164
May include various costs in meeting substantive requirements (that may be unnecessary such as documentary tax, notarization, etc.) from various
national government agencies and local governments, cost of paper works to comply regulations, and psychological stress associated with compliance.
165
Facts and figures presented by Dr. Henry L. Basilio during the DTI Supra Regional Consultations to Improve Logistics Efficiency, Reduce Logistics
Cost, and Improve Agri-Supply Chain (17 August 2022, Cagayan de Oro City).
166
OTOP Next Gen aims to build from the gains of OTOP first generation program offering a package of public-private assistance for MSMEs to come
up with product offerings with significant improvement and innovation in the areas of quality, product development, design, standards compliance,
marketability, production capability, brand development, among others.
167
Kahimunan.com is a project of the Department of Trade and Industry-Region 10 to help the MSMEs to have an online platform where they can
advertise their products for free. (https://www.kahimunan.com/).
168
oneSTore.ph is an E-commerce that operates nationwide and caters primarily to Philippine consumers. (https://onestore.ph/).
169
ECFulfill is an export ecommerce platform that integrates online marketplaces, warehouse logistics, digital marketing, and digital payment methods.
(https://ecfulfill.ai/).
170
Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) Asia University Rankings 2023: MSU-IIT (601-750), Xavier University Ateneo de Cagayan (651-700), Central
Mindanao University (701-750) (https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/asia-university-rankings/2023).
171
Initially owned by the government-owned and controlled corporation National Steel Corporation. Its assets were acquired by Global Steel
Philippines Inc. (GSPI) in 2004.
172
Industries that did not grow and expand over time e.g. food processing/agriculture business.
173
These roadmaps will provide clear information and direction of environment, social and governance investments in the region (See Chapter 11).
174
Major PAP is defined as ongoing or proposed development program or project of an agency with total investment cost of at least P1 billion and is
aligned with the 8-point agenda of PBBM. Catalytic development program or project, is an ongoing or proposed program or project of an agency
with total investment cost greater or lower than P1 billion, and possesses one or both of the following characteristics: a) Enhances socioeconomic
growth; and b) Induces crowding-in of resource flows. The details, including the investment targets and project cost are further defined in the
Regional Development Investment Program (RDIP) 2023-2028, which will be formulated in the First Semester 2023.
Reinvigorate Services
Reinvigorating the services sector is crucial in ensuring regional and national development. As a service-
oriented economy, Northern Mindanao will strengthen the sector as a catalyst of economic
transformation through the generation of quality jobs, and the development of more globally
competitive products.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic adversely affected the services sector due to mobility
restrictions and supply chain disruptions. In 2021, the sector rebounded and changed the services
landscape of the region with emerging growth drivers in the areas of finance and insurance, information
and communication, and transportation and storage.

In the next six years, Northern Mindanao will improve the competitiveness of the services sector,
stimulate creativity and innovation, and enhance inter-sector linkages. All these are geared towards
attaining its long-term goal of becoming a world-class tourist destination, and an Information
Technology and Business Process Management (IT-BPM) hub in Southern Philippines. These twin
aspirations will be pursued by aggressively reviving the wholesale and retail and tourism services, and
fostering the emergence and growth of IT-services, financial and insurance services, and transportation
and storage services. A unique Northern Mindanao quality brand of service will also be promoted.

Assessment and Challenges

Northern Mindanao’s services sector suffered the biggest fallout from the COVID-19
pandemic. For the period 2010-2019, the services sector has the largest share of Northern
Mindanao’s regional output with an average of 53.4 percent. This is largely contributed by the
wholesale and retail trade at 25.76 percent followed by real estate at 5.7 percent. Over this period,
the services sector grew at an average of 7.4 percent yearly.

However, the COVID-19 lockdowns and restrictions in 2020 resulted in a slump of 9.0 percent in
the services sector from an 8.1 percent growth in 2019, which largely caused Northern Mindanao’s
economic contraction. The biggest decline came from accommodation and food service activities
at 49.6 percent, followed by transportation and storage, and real estate and ownership of dwelling
by 39.5 percent and 14.4 percent, respectively. Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles
and motorcycles also reduced by 5.7 percent, brought by mobility restrictions and regulation of
operations through community quarantines implemented during the period.
This downturn in almost all of the subsectors halted growth momentum and efforts to scale up the
competitiveness of the sector. The services sector remains mainly composed of micro and small
enterprises at 99 percent of the total number of establishments in the region.175

The services sector demonstrated resilience as the restrictions were gradually lifted in 2021. The
sector grew at 6.2 percent but was still 1.2 percentage points below the pre-pandemic average
growth rate of 7.4 percent for the period 2010-2019. Much of this growth was contributed by
activities in the human health and social work subsector, which increased by 20.6 percent.
Substantial improvements in the healthcare system prime the region for future pandemic
prevention, preparedness, and response.

The wholesale and retail trade also showed decent expansion at 4.9 percent, two percentage points
below the pre-pandemic growth rate of 6.9 percent.

The tourism industry, one of the hardest-hit sectors, posted double-digit growth of 16.3 percent in
terms of gross revenue of accommodation and food service activities in 2021. The sustained roll-
out of vaccination programs, easing of travel restrictions, reopening of establishments, and
construction of new tourism-related enterprises (TREs) are among the growth contributors. These
resulted in a 60.53 percent increase in tourist arrivals, from 589,100 tourists in 2021 to 945,680
tourists in 2022. However, tourist arrivals in 2022 is 66.13 percent below the pre-pandemic level in
2019.

As the region ramps up promotion and market expansion in tourism, the number of Department
of Tourism Region X (DOT-X) accredited TREs176 decreased from 60 percent of establishments in
2020 to 15 percent in 2021. This will affect the region’s bid to be a competitive tourism destination
in the country. Several of the region’s TREs have yet to comply with the minimum standards set
by the DOT and the building standards for accommodation facilities and food services prescribed
by the local government units (LGUs).

E-learning modalities bode well for the education sector. The education subsector grew by 9.9
percent in 2021 as it transitioned from physical to e-learning modalities during the pandemic. The
number of teachers in primary education increased by 15.1 percent. The resumption of face-to-
face classes will further spur positive growth for the sector. However, this is not enough to address
the learning and productivity losses that resulted from school closures during the pandemic (See
Subchapter 4.2).
Additional subsectors emerge as new growth drivers of services in Northern Mindanao. With
the reconfiguration and improvement of business models in 2021, additional subsectors emerge as
new growth drivers. These include financial and insurance activities, information and
communication, and transportation and storage, which grew by 9.0 percent, 8.4 percent, and 7.3
percent, respectively.

Improved digital connectivity drives growth in information and communication technology

(ICT) services. Even as the pandemic stalled the growth of the services sector, it accelerated the
adoption of e-commerce by businesses, including MSMEs. In 2021, a total of 24,239 new businesses
were registered in the region, which was 70 percent higher than the 2021 target of 14,300 and 53
percent higher than the end-of-plan target of 15,800.177 The growth in ICT is mainly driven by
improved digital connectivity (See Chapter 13) and ICT services adoption by MSMEs. This surge
also meant a soaring demand for faster and reliable internet connection, and supply of more ICT-
enabled MSMEs and workers.

The necessity to adapt to ICT under the new normal, resulted in improvements in business
processes and provided opportunities for innovation. Businesses adopted e-commerce to sustain
or widen market reach and stay afloat. It also provided job opportunities to those who were
displaced during the pandemic in the areas of food/goods delivery, ICT-services and business
process outsourcing ranging from voice-services, creative and multimedia, clerical and data
services, and software development.

A challenge facing the ICT subsector, is the vagueness and ambiguity of employment status for
platform workers and the precarious source of income,178 which presents both an opportunity and a
risk for workers. Ensuring decent work for all workers require a clear regulatory and policy
framework, especially with the growing number of freelancers179 and prevalence of talent poaching
in the region. The Philippine Institute of Development Studies180 estimated an increase of about
23.0 percent in the number of full-time or part-time remote workers due to the pandemic from the
pre-pandemic forecast of 12.3 percent.

Growing web-based transactions heighten cybersecurity risks for MSMEs. The growing
popularity of web-based transactions and the digital presence of most Filipinos exposed a very
challenging security threat. Results of the National ICT Household Survey conducted by the
Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT) in partnership with the
Philippine Statistical Research and Training Institute (PSRTI) in 2019 showed that lack of
awareness about cybersecurity is a serious concern. Less than half of Filipinos (44%) have heard of
cybersecurity and data privacy. Also, reporting of cyber incidents by victims is extremely low.
About one in four Filipinos (24%) reported cyber incidents such as text scam/SMS fraud, hacking,
phishing, and cyber bullying/libel. In Northern Mindanao, a total of 1,242 cybercrime incidents
was reported to the Philippine National Police (PNP) (See Subchapter 14.1).

Region X maintains domestic trade surplus, however, inefficiencies and high costs in logistics
services remain (See Chapter 13). Northern Mindanao continues to register a favorable trade
balance at 37.6 percent in 2021. This is contributed by the manufacturing sector, particularly food
products, beverages, textiles, electrical equipment, chemical and chemical products, and furniture.

A 2017 study commissioned by Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry181 forecasted
that the container volume in the Mindanao Container Terminal (MCT) will reach about 1,100,000
twenty-foot equivalent unit (TEU) by 2030, which is 2.4 times as much as the 2016 baseline data
of 459,882 TEUs.

To handle such increase in volume, the region will address inefficiency issues, which lead to high
costs of logistics and transport services. This include offshore waiting of about 2 to 24 hours due
to congestion of vessels for the little space of the berth window, scarcity of cargo handling
machines, and low operational efficiency of Cagayan de Oro seaport and the MCT, among others.

Other local logistics issues raised by the regional logistics stakeholders182 that dampen the region’s
positioning as a logistics hub are: 1) unpaved and poor to bad conditions of provincial roads
especially in Metro Cagayan de Oro; 2) inflated international shipping charges; 3) limited number
of marine vessels plying the Balingoan-Benoni route; and 4) voluminous requirements when
entering the MCT.

Pockets of conflict and insurgencies in some areas of Mindanao deter foreign travel and
investments in Northern Mindanao. Despite concerted efforts to resolve insurgencies and other
forms of conflict, pockets of insurgencies persist in some areas of Mindanao. As such, the
embassies of the United States,183 Japan, Australia, and Germany issued travel ban advisories to
potential foreign travelers and investors who want to visit Mindanao. This becomes a setback in
promoting and expanding Northern Mindanao’s international tourism market and business
partnerships.
Strategy Framework
The strategy framework (Figure 9.1) highlights a three-pronged approach in reinvigorating the
services sector to generate quality jobs and services in Northern Mindanao. This includes
interventions that would improve competitiveness, stimulate creativity and innovation, and
enhance inter-sectoral linkages.

Figure 9.1 Strategy Framework to Reinvigorate Services

Strategies
All strategies will be pursued in collaboration with the private sector and the proactive support and
participation of the LGUs, regulatory agencies, and academe.

Outcome 1: Competitiveness of the services sector improved

Revitalizing the services sector is key in improving its competitiveness to generate quality jobs and
products, especially that majority of the players are micro and small enterprises.

Establish linkages between large companies and MSMEs for value chain
upgrading

The private sector, through various business organizations, will proactively pursue linkages
between MSMEs and large enterprises in the region. Large chain stores and retail conglomerate
locators in the region will continue to provide spaces for local MSMEs such as food services, arts,
lifestyle and wearables, and the creatives to showcase their products physically and digitally to a
large consumer base.
The Department of Trade and Industry Region X (DTI-X), DOT-X, LGUs, and other government
agencies will provide support for MSMEs to attend various trade promotion activities here and
abroad. This also broadens the exposure of MSMEs to firms that are mainstreamed in the global
production networks and are engaged in sustainable business models.

Increase MSMEs access to financial capital, emerging technologies, business

advisory services, and digitalization

The DTI-X will facilitate access of service-sector MSMEs to legitimate financing sources. Business
support services such as preparation of feasible business proposals will be enhanced through the
existing Negosyo Centers. Efforts will be pursued to streamline processes in accessing various
financial services for MSMEs. The NEDA-X, in partnership with the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas,
will also expand financial literacy programs to include micro and small enterprises, and
cooperatives (See Chapter 12).

Government banks and financial institutions such as the Small Business Corporation (SBCorp)
will intensify promotion of existing funding windows and streamline processes of availing these
programs to increase MSME loan uptake (See Chapter 12).

The DTI Board of Investments, in collaboration with the sector- or area-focused investment
promotion agencies, private sector, and academe, will develop an ecosystem of advisory services to
boost businesses. The LGUs, through the Local Economic Development and Investment
Promotion Office (LEDIPO), will be capacitated with strategic skills such as matching local service
firms with investors, building the expertise of MSMEs in risk management, and other relevant
skills.

Intensify adoption of e-commerce and digital technologies

In advancing MSME competitiveness via e-commerce, the region will regularly conduct
e-commerce and innovation conferences to encourage broad-based adoption of and support to
ICT services. The DICT-X, DTI-X, academe, and private sector organizations will work together
to promote the development and integration of ICT services and IT business solutions to high
potential service enterprises in the region.

The regular conduct of digital literacy programs for MSMEs (See Chapter 12) and annual digital
and innovation conferences serves as venues to bring together professionals, experts, thought
leaders, and industry stakeholders to explore and discuss the latest trends, advancements, and
challenges in the digital and innovation space. The outputs of these conferences will be the basis
for policymaking and developing programs and projects to improve the region's innovation
ecosystem. The module on digital literacy in the programs of Negosyo Centers will also be
introduced by DTI-X.

The DTI-X and the Regional Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise Development Council in
Northern Mindanao (RMSMEDC-X) will implement collaborative programs for MSMEs to adopt
e-commerce and digital tools. This will be done in partnership with the private sector, particularly
from the wholesale and retail trade, tourism, real estate, and education, among others. Some of
these programs will include digital literacy, business mentoring, and capacity-building activities.
These will improve MSME productivity through efficient business operations and processes and
facilitate market expansion via online marketing platforms.

Transport operators in the region will adopt digital technologies such as online bookings and web-
based marketing applications to enhance customer experience especially in their transportation
needs. The usage of e-Beep card payment with an integrated tracking system will be adopted to
foster a cash-lite economy and generate market information such as market trends and consumer
preferences.

The region will also support the Logistics Services Philippines (LSP) to ensure seamless, secure,
and timely delivery of goods to customers. This program establishes satellite offices of the Bureau
of Animal Industry, Bureau of Plant Industry, and BFAR-X that operate 24/7. The DTI-X, in
partnership with other stakeholders, will collaborate to increase the use of digital technologies,
disseminate correct information, and promote real-time monitoring for improved transparency
and efficiency in the mobility of goods and services.

The Philippine Ports Authority (PPA) Port Management Offices, Department of Public Works
and Highways, and LGUs in the region will provide an enabling environment to encourage the
private sector to establish an integrated logistics facility. Cold storage facilities and warehouses will
be located near sea ports in one contiguous and strategic area for an efficient logistics services
sector.

The region will also support the adoption of a legal framework to strengthen cybersecurity and
policies on minimum information security standards such as the implementation of the Subscriber
Identity Module or SIM Registration Act, the National Cybersecurity Plan, and the establishment
of the National Cybersecurity Operations Center (See Chapter 13 and Subchapter 14.1).
The region will sustain improvements in physical connectivity through improved roads that lead
to tourism destinations and industrial areas. For digital connectivity, telecommunication
companies are encouraged to expand their broadband networks in priority areas identified by
industries to deliver fast and reliable internet connection. This will improve the region’s transport
connectivity and efficiency, and access to ICT infrastructure (See Chapter 13).

Adopt simplified business permit and licensing processes

All LGUs will be encouraged to adopt the Electronic Business Permits and Licensing System or
e-BPLS, which will allow taxpayers to file online applications for new and renewal of business
permits. This will facilitate citizens’ ease of access to information including closure of businesses
and business lines; computerized assessment of fees, taxes, and charges; online printing of Tax
Order of Payment, Business Permit; and endorsement module for the Office of the Building
Official and other LGU concerned offices (See Chapter 15).

Outcome 2: Creativity and innovation in the services sector stimulated

The emerging ICT-enabled services landscape of the region and the growing significance of the
creative industry will be harnessed to diversify the services sector’s sources of growth. Thus, the
government will provide an enabling environment to stimulate and allow the sector to flourish.

Aggressively promote IT-BPM, tourism, culture, and creative industries

The Regional Development Council of Northern Mindanao (RDC-X) will review, revitalize, and
reorganize the Regional Information Technology and e-Commerce Committee (RITECC) per
RDC-X Resolutions No. 37 (s. 2000)184 and No. 3 (s. 2005).185 The RITECC will formulate an ICT
roadmap for the Cagayan de Oro-Iligan Industrial and Trade Corridor as an ICT hub in line with
RDC-X Resolution No. 49 (s. 2015).186

The LGUs will also sustain the annual conduct of a region-wide freelancers’ summit or conference
of online professionals, freelancing industries, and IT graduates to provide insightful discussion
about the digital freelancing industry situation in the country. Related policies will be formulated
and projects identified to upgrade the freelancing profession.

The DTI-X and DICT-X, in partnership with the private sector and LGUs, will also push for the
establishment and expansion of IT Parks that will house IT-BPM offices. The private sector will be
encouraged to establish creative hubs for the IT-BPM companies to include facilities for trainings,
workshops, consultations, researches, and guidance services, which will incubate and shepherd
start-up companies until their maturity as established businesses. This will provide a conducive
physical working environment, which will enhance productivity and collaboration among IT-BPM
employees.

Multidimensional tourism showcases natural and cultural endowments in culture and heritage,
arts, food and gastronomy (including Halal), nature-based farm tourism, cruises, film, medical,
health and wellness, meetings, incentives, conventions, and exhibitions. Thus, this will be
supported by the construction of eco-tourism parks, aquamarine parks, river esplanade, food
innovation centers, creative arts center, sports complex, convention centers, museums, and
theaters in different areas of the region by the government or via public-private partnership or
private sector investment. These infrastructures will also benefit other services sector in the region,
including wholesale and retail, and others.

The region will also support the Marcos administration’s policy on holiday economics, which will
strengthen the regional economy through intensive travel promotion for domestic and
international tourists to visit Northern Mindanao.

The Colors of Mindanao-Northern Mindanao program will be sustained and intensified

redefining the Mindanao tagline, target market mapping and focused promotions and marketing,
harnessing social media platforms for the promotion of existing, developing, and emerging
tourism circuits that are aligned with the strategic development areas (SDAs) in the region, and
engaging media influencers to increase reach in the different market segments. Hence, a study will
be conducted to define the unique qualities of Northern Mindanao that would form part of the
development of a uniquely Northern Mindanao brand of service.

The Northern Mindanao Seaboard will be prioritized to support the spatial strategies of the region
and promote the Colors of Mindanao program. This strategy will link Dakak-Camiguin-Siargao
with Laguindingan Airport as access point going to Zamboanga City and Dapitan City to the west,
and Camiguin, Butuan City, and Surigao City to the east.

Regional tourism stakeholders will actively participate in international travel trade shows,
familiarization trips, and consumer-activated programs supported by the government. These
activities will showcase the region’s tourism potentials and provide new learnings and insights for
the development and promotion of new tour circuits in the region.

The region will cultivate creative industries through a regionalized Creative Industries Council
(CIDC). The CIDC will undertake the preparation of the Creative Industries Development Plan,
Creative Industries Investments Priority Plan, and road maps. It will also shepherd the
implementation of Republic Act 11904 or the Philippine Creative Industries Development Act.

The RDC-X Regional Committee on the Promotion of Culture (RCPC-X) will continue to lead the
conduct of programs to support visual arts, including photography, printmaking, painting,
drawing, sculpture, mixed media, and graphic design, and performing arts like dancing, acting,
singing, and musicians in the region.

The RCPC-X will enjoin LGUs to pass local ordinances for the establishment of a film academy
and the holding of an annual film festival in the region. A multi-stakeholder Cultural Recovery
and Resiliency Program will be prepared to aid the recovery and foster resiliency of the culture and
the arts sector that can withstand future threats and disasters. Local Culture and Arts Councils will
be reorganized in all LGUs as a strategy to protect and promote local culture heritage and the arts.

The establishment of the local innovation programs through the Regional Inclusive Innovation
Center (RIIC) such as the OROBEST Innovation (Optimizing Regional Opportunities for Business
Excellence through Science, Technology, and Innovation) and IligaNiCE (Innovation thru
Leveraging Industry, Government, Academe Networks and inclusive Community Engagements)
programs will foster innovation initiatives in the services sector. This includes the establishment
and expansion of other local innovation programs, and niche R&D centers in the region, which
will strengthen the linkages of the academic/research institutions and the MSMEs (See
Chapter 10).

Improve service quality of MSMEs in the region

The DOT-X will intensify its accreditation program with the LGUs assisting TREs in completing
their accreditation. This will facilitate the adoption of globally competitive and quality standards
for tourism facilities and services.

The DOT-X and DENR-X will spearhead the regional implementation of the National Ecotourism
Strategic Action Plan (NESAP) 2023-2028. The NESAP will foster the creation of eco-tourism
circuits that promote sustainable, regenerative, and slow travel tourism, which also support the
UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).187 Said plan will include the development of an eco-
tourism circuit that targets the high-yielding market. This will encourage tourists to spend more
and stay longer in an area by participating in regenerative activities for the environment such as
tree planting, clean-up drives, and usage of eco-friendly products.
Tour operators will redesign their travel itineraries by incorporating visits to museums and
historical landmarks where tourists can travel slowly and spend a significant amount of time to
know the culture and tradition in the area. This will be facilitated by the establishment of tourism
training bureaus that will conduct capacity-building programs for tourism-related professions.

Improve human resource capabilities and capacities

To strengthen talent and skills development to match industry needs, the private sector will actively
participate in the conduct of tracer studies, design and implementation of immersion and
internship programs, and development of labor market information systems (See Chapter 5).

The region will sustain the digitaljobsPH Training Program initiated by DICT to increase ICT
skills and increase employability in a technologically dominated environment (See Subchapter 4.2
and Chapters 5 and 10).

Through the implementation of RA 11927 or the Digital Workforce Competitiveness Act, the
DTI-X, in coordination with concerned regional line agencies, LGUs, and the private sector, will
push for the establishment of co-working spaces. This will support the development and
enhancement of digital skills and competencies of entrepreneurs, especially women, and the
current and future workforce.

The DepEd-X, CHED-X, and TESDA-X, together with the academe and the private sector, will
establish an educational plan for the creative industry. This plan includes provision of relevant
programs and scholarship grants for willing and deserving students to ensure competitiveness,
creativity, and expertise of said field in the workforce.

The DOT-X, in collaboration with TESDA-X, academe, and business organizations, will capacitate
tourism personnel and TREs in providing services that cater to the needs of tourists and ensure
efficient operations of tourism facilities through the Tourism Industry Skills Program.

The TESDA-X will also push for the development of a certification system for specialized skills
such as cybersecurity and other ICT skills and tourism-related skills.

The DOLE-X, in coordination with TESDA-X, will formulate a human resource management
development plan (HRMDP) to capacitate the services sector workforce to respond to the needs
and demands, meet the expectations, address the gaps, and improve the productivity of the IT-
BPM, tourism, and creative industries.
To safeguard and promote social protection of ICT services and online platform workers, ICT
stakeholders will support the passage of the Freelance Workers Protection Bill. The Department
of Labor and Employment in Region X (DOLE-X) and DICT-X will advocate for the simplification
of formal employment registration of online platform workers enticing them to formally register
in the Bureau of Internal Revenue, PhilHealth, and other regulatory agencies.

Outcome 3: Inter-sectoral linkages enhanced

Intensify investment promotion activities

The Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PCCI), through its local chambers in the
region, will intensify linkages with national and international business organizations and entice
them to visit and invest in the region. Regular expositions will be conducted such as the annual
digital and innovation conferences. It will also sustain service-oriented expositions that connect
services to the other sectors of the economy through the OroBEST Exposition and Mindanao Food
Congress, Northern Mindanao Business Conference, among others. These avenues will also guide
MSMEs in their future business prospects. Trade and investment promotion activities with the
Brunei Darussalam-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area (BIMP-EAGA)
will also be explored and strengthened.

The DILG-X, DFA-X, and DOT-X, in coordination with local business organizations will enhance
collaboration with various consular offices and other stakeholders through regular briefings in
promoting Northern Mindanao via an aggressive campaign program (See Chapter 11).

The DOT-X will pursue a targeted information, education, and communication (IEC) campaign
strategy in partnership with air, land, and marine transportation agencies and cruise, aviation, and
transportation industries to increase tourist awareness on the tourism potential of the region and
with the security sector for the peace and order situation of the region (See Subchapter 14.1).

Enhance consumer protection mechanism

The DTI-X will intensify participation of consumer interest groups by providing a venue for
consumers to file their complaints related to defective goods, fraud, cybercrime, payment and
website security issues, and tourism service-related complaints. The DTI-X will also sustain
conduct of consumer welfare protection activities and IEC campaigns. An online platform where
MSMEs and consumers can file complaints, grievances, or other concerns will be established and
maintained.
Facilitate physical connectivity

The region through the RDC-X Infrastructure and Utilities Development Committee will ensure
improved connectivity and access to production areas that include tourism sites, and logistics
facilities such as ports and airports, and implement local public transport route plan. Access to
reliable and fast internet connectivity will also be ensured (See Chapter 13).

Legislative Agenda

RESPONSIBLE AGENCIES
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION

Support for the Open Access This bill seeks to level the playing field in the data Department of
in Data Transmission Act transmission and telecommunications market. Its passage Communication and
will strengthen value chain linkages in the industry and Information Technology
services sectors and facilitate the realization of the full Region X (DICT-X), National
potential of e-commerce and digital trade for Region X micro, Telecommunications
small, and medium enterprises and industry and services Commission Region X
champion commodities.
Internet Transactions Act The bill aims to define the scope and coverage of internet Department of Trade and
transactions, apart from the sale or exchange of digital Industry Region X (DTI-X)
products and lay down the code of conduct and qualifications
for businesses that wish to engage in e-commerce. It also
proposes the creation of an E-commerce Bureau to handle
complaints on internet transactions, protect consumer
rights, and facilitate the speedy resolution of complaints,
among others. This is significant to the region as it is
positioned to be an innovation hub in Southern Philippines.
An Act Establishing an The bill seeks to establish an International Ship Port at Sultan Local Government Unit (LGU)
International Ship Port and Naga Dimaporo in the province of Lanao del Norte that will of Lanao del Norte,
Appropriate Facilities in the cater to the needs of the country by boosting economic Philippine Ports Authority
Municipality of Sultan activities, tourism, and easing the importation and
Naga Dimaporo, Province of exportation of goods and services within the BIMP-EAGA.
Lanao del Norte to Cater to
the Brunei Darussalam-
Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines
East ASEAN Growth Area
(BIMP-EAGA) and
Appropriating Funds Therefor
Freelance Workers Protection The bill aims to promote the safety and well-being of DICT-X, DTI-X
Bill freelance workers, particularly by mandating the provision of
mandatory hazard pay and night shift differential pay. This is
significant to Northern Mindanao, where there is a growing
community of freelancers especially working in the
information and communications technology sector.
 RESPONSIBLE AGENCIES
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION

Local Ordinances on the These local ordinances will help determine the viability of Department of Tourism
Declaration of Tourism Region X areas for tourism triangle development and the Region X (DOT-X) and LGUs
Triangle Development and establishment of tourism economic zones.
Tourism Economic Zones
Local Ordinances on the These ordinances will support the region’s efforts in LGUs, DOT-X
Declaration of Historical preserving historical landmarks and ancestral houses and
Landmarks and Ancestral their integration into various cultural and heritage tourism
Houses circuit development. Cultural and traditional heritage
appreciation can stimulate creativity and a sense of cultural
uniqueness that would highlight the unique service quality
brand of Northern Mindanao service-oriented industries.

Research Agenda

RESPONSIBLE AGENCIES
RESEARCH AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION

Study on regenerative Regenerative tourism aims to bring transformational Department of Tourism

tourism experiences to guests so they can go home inspired and bring Region X (DOT-X)
a positive outlook on their travel, while making sure that the
local cultural heritage and traditions are conserved from one
generation to the next.

To determine the feasibility of regenerative tourism in

Northern Mindanao.
Study on slow travel tourism Slow travel tourism is characterized by reducing mobility and DOT-X
by taking time to explore local history and culture, while
supporting the environment. The traveler’s main goals are
relaxation, self-reflection, escape, novelty seeking,
engagement, and discovery.

To integrate slow travel concept in the innovation of tourism

circuit activities and determine its viability in high-yielding
markets.
Study on the unique qualities To define the unique qualities of Northern Mindanao that DOT-X, Regional
of Northern Mindanao would form part of the development of a uniquely Northern Development Council of
Mindanao brand of service. Northern Mindanao -
Regional Committee on
the Promotion of Culture
Results Matrix (Core Indicators)

ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE

BASELI END OF MEANS OF
AGENCYa/
INDICATORS NE PLAN VERIFICATI
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 TARGET
REPORTING
ON
ENTITYb
Chapter Outcome 1: Market Expansion Achieved
GVA growth rate in the 6.20 6.5- 6.5- 7.0- 7.0- 7.0- 7.0- 7.0- Annual Department of
services sector improved (2021) 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 Gross Trade and
(%) Regional Industry Region X
Domestic (DTI-X), National
Product Economic and
(GRDP) Development
Report Authority Region
X, Philippine
Statistics
Authority
Region X (PSA-X)
Share of Accommodation 1.6 1.7- 1.7- 1.7- 2.0- 2.0- 2.0- 2.0- Annual Department of
and Food Services in GRDP (2021) 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 GRDP Tourism Region X,
(%) increased Report DTI-X, PSA-X

Chapter Outcome 2: Creativity and Innovation of Services Sector Stimulated

Employment generated in 995 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 Labor NEDA-X, DTI-X,
the services sector (2020) - - - - - - - Force Department of
increased (in ‘000) 1,500 1,500 1,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 Survey Information and
Communications
Technology
Region X, PSA-X

Chapter Outcome 3: Inter-sectoral linkages enhanced

Micro, small, and medium 2.02 2-3 2-3 2-3 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 Agency DTI-X,
enterprises/cooperatives (2019) Accomplish Cooperative
sales increased ment Development
(DTI-assisted and CDA- Reports Authority
assisted firms) (PHP Region X
billion)
a/
Agency accountable for delivering the outputs/achievement of outcomes
b/
Lead agency responsible for reporting progress on indicator targets
Major and Catalytic Programs and Projects188
To concretize the region’s strategies to reinvigorate services, the following major catalytic
programs and projects, on top of regular programs and projects of government agencies, will be
implemented:

 Colors of Mindanao Program;

 Tourism Road Infrastructure Projects;
 Misamis Occidental Global Gardens and Eco-Tourism Park;
 Development of Beep Card e-payment system;
 Institutionalization of Tourism Satisfaction Survey;
 Establishment of Tourism Training Bureaus;
 Establishment/Accreditation of Tourism Training Bureaus;
 Establishment of Esplanade in Iligan City;
 Construction of Bulod River Esplanade;
 Mt. Torong-torong Eco-Tourism Park Development;
 Tubod-Magsaysay Tourism Circuit Development in Lanao del Norte;
 Establishment of a Center for the Creative Arts;
 Development of Cultural/Historical heritage Tourism Program Development of
Agri/Fishery and Eco Tourism Programs;
 Implementation of Certification program for ICT related courses;
 Implementation of Computer Literacy Programs;
 Construction of IT Parks and IT-BPM Office Spaces;
 Conduct of e-commerce and innovation conferences;
 Conduct of Annual Freelancers Summit/Conferences;
 Establishment of Digital Iligan Innovation and Sustainability Center;
 Establishment of the Sultan Naga Dimaporo International Port;
 Upgrading of Local Roads leading to industrial areas, tourism areas, and logistics facilities;
 Lanao del Norte Coastal Road Development (Tubod-Kapatagan Bypass Road);
 Tubod Economic Zone Road Network Development Project; and
 Construction of Mt. Malindang Eco-Tourism Highway and its Arterial Roads.
175
Based on 2019 Updating of List of Establishments Survey by PSA-X
176
Based on the TREs that applied for accreditation in 2017-2020
177
2021 Regional Economic Situationer Fourth Quarter and Annual. https://nro10.neda.gov.ph/qres-2021-4thq/
178
The discussion paper by Serafica R. and Oren Q., 2022 “Exploring Policies and Initiatives for Online Workers in the Philippines” of the Philippine
Institute of Development Studies (PIDS) cited the characterization of online labor by Bayudan-Dacuycuy and Baje (2021). Two groups of labor
platforms based on how work is carried out. (1) The terms crowdwork, online outsourcing, or cloud work are used when work is organized and
delivered online. It is subdivided into two categories: Macrotask or online freelancing, which requires specialized skills, in contrast with micro task or
microwork, which focuses on clerical work. (2) On-demand work or gig work pertains to work organized online, but the delivery needs interaction
between workers and end-users, hence is location bound. Source: https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps2201.pdf
179
Expressed by the ICT stakeholders during the RDP 2023-2028 local consultation on 14 November 2022.
180
Ibid.
181
2017 Final report Study on Mindanao Container Terminal Expansion Project in the Republic of the Philippines prepared by the Oriental Consultants
Global Co., Ltd. The Overseas Coastal Area Development Institute of Japan for the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan.
182
During the Supra Regional Logistics Cluster Consultation on 27-28 November 2022.
183
U.S. Department of State-Bureau of Consular Affairs travel advisory for the Philippines as of October 2022.
184
RDC-X Res. No. 37 (s. 2000) Confirming the Reorganization of the Regional Information Technology Committee (RITC) into Regional
Information Technology and E-Commerce (RITECC) of the Regional Development Council-10.
185
RDC-X Res. No. 03 (s. 2005) Confirming the Re-organization of the Regional Information Technology and E-Commerce Committee (RITECC)-10
of the Regional Development Council.
186
RDC-X Res. No. 49 (s. 2015) Requesting the Information and Communications Technology Office (ICT Office) to Formulate an ICT Roadmap for
the Cagayan-Iligan Industrial and Trade Corridor as an ICT Hub
187
UN Sustainable Development Goal 8.9. Promote Beneficial and Sustainable Tourism
188
Major PAP is defined as ongoing or proposed development program or project of an agency with total investment cost of at least P1 billion and is
aligned with the 8-point agenda of PBBM. Catalytic development program or project, is an ongoing or proposed program or project of an agency
with total investment cost greater or lower than P1 billion, and possesses one or both of the following characteristics: a0 Enhances socioeconomic
growth; and b) Induces crowding-in of resource flows. The details, including the investment targets and project cost are further defined in the
Regional Development Investment Program (RDIP) 2023-2028, which will be formulated in the First Semester 2023
Advance Research and
Development, Technology, and
Innovation
Research and Development (R&D), technology, and innovation are important drivers of firm-level
productivity. Evidence shows that high R&D intensity leads to technological advances that result in
long-term economic growth and social transformation.

Northern Mindanao is a seedbed for research and development, technology, and innovation in
Southern Philippines. The region ranks second among all regions in terms of number of technologies
commercialized. Since 2016, intellectual property applications and technology business incubatees189
increased. Various legislations such as the Philippine Innovation Act or Republic Act (RA) 11293,
Innovative Startup Act or RA 11337, and the Philippine Creative Industries Development Act or RA 11904
would power-up and further advance the region’s innovation capabilities and ecosystem.

In the next six years, Northern Mindanao will sustain the momentum and position itself as a regional
innovation and startup hub in Southern Philippines. To achieve this, the region will: a) strengthen
academe-industry-community research and development, technology, and innovation linkages; b)
advance regional research and development, technology, and innovation information ecosystem; c)
increase technology adoption, utilization, and commercialization; and d) expand innovation and
entrepreneurship.

Assessment and Challenges

Northern Mindanao is seedbed of R&D, technology and innovation. The region’s innovation
ecosystem is currently in its nascent stage, but it has already witnessed the implementation of
successful local innovation programs. These initiatives have demonstrated effective collaboration
among government, industry, and academe, resulting in a cohesive and integrated innovation
ecosystem.

From 2017 to 2021, there were 1,456 Intellectual Property (IP) applications endorsed to the
Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHIL), which is a fortyfold increase from 34 IP
applications in 2016. In the same period, there were 94 incubatees from Technology Business
Incubations (TBIs) and 422 firms were granted technology upgrading. On top of this, Northern
Mindanao ranks second in the country in terms of the number of technologies commercialized
through the Fairness Opinion Board of the DOST.190 The region also hosts the second
planetarium191 in the country.

Northern Mindanao is among the first regions in the country to actualize the Regional Inclusive
Innovation Center (RIIC) through its local innovation programs, the OROBEST Innovation192
(Optimizing Regional Opportunities for Business Excellence through Science, Technology, and
Innovation) and the ILIGANiCE193 (Innovation thru Leveraging Industry, Government, Academe
Networks, and inclusive Community Engagement) programs. These platforms provided
opportunities for active government-industry-academe (GIA) partnerships and facilitated MSME
technology adoption and commercialization, idea development, MSME export-readiness
assessment, and rapid needs assessment of distressed firms, among others.

In 2017-2022, through the DOST Small Enterprise Technology Upgrading Program, 489 firms
improved their products and 103 start-ups were created. These were mostly micro, small, and
medium enterprises (MSMEs) from the following priority sectors: food processing; furniture; gifts,
housewares, and decors; marine and aquatic resources; horticulture and agriculture; metals and
engineering; health products and services/pharmaceuticals; and information and communication
technologies/electronics.

The R&D centers, food innovation centers, knowledge and technology transfer offices, and
technology business incubation offices were also instrumental in the growth of R&D, technology,
and innovation (RDTI) in the region. There were niche centers for research and development such
as Sustainable Resource Engineering Research for Construction Technologies Center, Alternative
Staples for Health, and Center for Waste to Energy: Recycling for Power and Heat. The region also
established the Northern Mindanao Innovation Center for Metals and Engineering hosted by the
University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines (See Annex W).

The innovation ecosystem in Northern Mindanao is dynamic, growing, and expanding. The
enactment of various legislations such as the Philippine Innovation Act or Republic Act 11293, the
Innovative Startup Act or RA 11337, and the Philippine Creative Industries Development Act or
RA 11904, sparked more energy and power to this ecosystem. The intent is to transform the
region’s productive sectors, create more quality and green jobs, and produce more competitive
goods and services in the medium term through R&D, technology, and innovation.

R&D, technology, and innovation (RDTI) remain a peripheral activity among businesses and
the public sector, therefore, limiting the region’s innovation capabilities. Based on the annual
R&D survey conducted by the DOST in 2018, the region’s R&D expenditure is only 0.15 percent
of its Gross Regional Domestic Product or a total of PHP1.25 billion. While this is 0.05 percentage
point higher than the R&D spending in 2015, it is below the national average of 0.32 percent and
the RDP 2017-2022 target of 0.5 percent. Businesses and the public sector including local
government consider R&D as a peripheral activity, that is highly scientific and expensive to
undertake, thus, limiting its spending on R&D.

Financial and capacity limitations constrained the development of innovative capabilities of

businesses in the region. Investing in new skills, digital technologies, or machinery and
equipment, requires access to finance. In a study conducted by the International Monetary Fund,194
financing constraint was identified as one of the factors that hold back firms from innovating. The
study conducted by Philippine Institute for Development Studies revealed that only 2 in 5 firms
had some awareness of government innovation policies or interventions.195 This is a major
challenge identified by the business sector as stated in the OROBEST Innovation Program 5-year
Strategic Plan for 2021-2025.

MSMEs lack skills for process and product innovation and are constrained to optimize results from
developed technologies due to regulatory burdens and limited infrastructure support.

For public-funded R&D and innovation financial assistance, stakeholders raised the concern that
public funds remain highly centralized. Most of the funds under the Grants-in-Aid program196 for
R&D such as that of the DOST are coursed through the Sectoral Councils, while innovation grants
managed by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) are processed and
evaluated at the national level. For DOST, Sectoral Councils are usually guided by their specific
R&D agenda that is aligned with the National R&D Agenda, which may leave out regional and
local priorities in the centralized approval of research proposals.

Proactive government-academe-industry convergence and specialized training programs on

Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) skills set partially addressed regional innovation
capabilities, however, broadening such capabilities are crippled by the prevailing concern on
the quality of basic and higher education. In 2018, the Academe-Industry-Government (AIG)
Convergence for Human Resource Development in Region X provided a venue for industry
leaders, the academe, technical vocational institutions, and government agencies to identify issues
and prioritize interventions on human development in the region. Training programs identified
to address the needs of 4IR sector include 2D Animation National Certificate (NC) Level III,
Electrical Installation and Maintenance NC III, Mechatronics Servicing NC III, Mechatronics
Servicing NC III, RAC Servicing (PACU-CRE) NC III, and Visual Graphic Design NC III (See
Chapter 5). However, broadening the options for innovation capabilities in the region is sidelined
by the persistent concern of high proportion of low proficient learners in lower (61.6 percent) and
upper secondary education (77.74 percent) (See Subchapter 4.2), as well as, the limited number of
higher education institutions (HEIs) that actively pursue industry-responsive R&D and technology
development programs.

Fragmented and out-of-date information on R&D, technology and innovation statistics

hampers implementation of timely and responsive policy for RDTI. The collection of official
RDTI statistics by the DOST is conducted every three years and the latest data available is 2018.
This does not capture RDTI trends in the region, which is fast evolving. The limited capabilities to
process and analyze rich sources of data create information gaps for businesses and policymakers.
Examples of these are the data generated from blockchain web-based technology for contact
tracing collected during the pandemic, the data generated for the annual cities and municipalities
competitiveness index, and the administrative data of various government offices and businesses,
among others. This information needs to be linked up to form a coherent whole through a single
source of RDTI information in the region.

Strategy Framework
To transform the productive sectors and create more quality jobs and competitive products
through R&D, technology, and innovation, four key strategic outcomes will be pursued:
a) academe-industry-community research and development, technology, and innovation linkages
strengthened; b) regional research and development, technology, and innovation information
ecosystem advanced; c) technology development, adoption, utilization, and commercialization
increased; and d) innovation and entrepreneurship expanded.

All strategies will be pursued through the collaboration of the government, private sector, and the
academe. The public sector will continue to provide an enabling environment to fuel the growth
of the R&D, technology, and innovation ecosystem in the region.
Strategies
Outcome 1: Academe-industry-government research and development,
technology, and innovation linkages strengthened
The effective collaboration and coordination mechanisms among academe, industry, and
government proved effective in advancing RDTI in Northern Mindanao. These efforts will be
strengthened through more proactive and inclusive approaches to innovation to benefit all
stakeholders in the region including micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), local
communities, and low-income and poor households.

Cultivate a proactive and supportive environment for R&D, technology, and

innovation

As one of the first regions in the country to organize the Regional Inclusive Innovation Center
(RIIC), the DOST-X and DTI-X will ramp up implementation and operationalization of R&D and
innovation policies, programs, and projects through the harmonization of the Northern Mindanao
Regional Research, Development and Innovation Committee (RRDIC-X)197 and RIIC.

Harmonization entails attaining the following objectives: a) come up with one regional R&D
agenda for the region’s priority sectors and champion industries; b) synchronize RDI initiatives of
various consortia to address RDTI gaps in the region; c) collect and analyze updated RDTI data
and information for better policymaking and coherent identification and implementation of RDTI
initiatives; d) mainstream RDI in public and private investment programming and budgeting,
including local government; and c) expand participation of the private sector in RDTI efforts.

The regional R&D agenda will be formulated with emphasis on addressing local industry or
businesses and community needs. The Commission on Higher Education Region X (CHED-X)
will encourage HEIs, including the local community colleges to collaborate with MSMEs and
communities in conducting R&D and extension services.

The DOST-X will push and monitor the sustained operation and productivity of existing R&D
centers and food, metal, and engineering innovation centers. For wider reach, the DOST-X will
forge a partnership with the Department of Information and Communications Technology Region
X (DICT-X) in integrating R&D and innovation programs and activities through the digital
transformation centers that will be established in all provinces. Said centers will be expanded in
areas that cannot be covered by provincial centers and mainstreamed in the overall regional
innovation ecosystem to ensure that benefits will redound to poor and marginalized communities.

The Regional Development Council of Northern Mindanao (RDC-X) will aggressively push for
the establishment of science and technology (S&T) parks and similar preferred areas such as the
University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines S&T Parks in Misamis Oriental,
Agri-industrial Park in Central Mindanao University and Center for Climate Smart Agriculture
Technology in Bukidnon, and the Northern Mindanao Digital Design and Packaging Hub in
Cagayan de Oro City. The RDC-X will also support the creation of a Bamboo Industry Research
and Development Center since Northern Mindanao is identified as the lead region for the growth
of bamboo industry cluster in the country.

To transform and modernize agriculture, the region will also support R&D in establishing a
metropolitan food and agri-production cluster (See Chapter 7).

The RRDIC-X, in collaboration with the various research consortia and LGUs will recognize
Northern Mindanao STI champions, local inventions, technologies developed, and outstanding
researchers and STI personnel in the region. All LGUs will create a mechanism that provides
enabling policies and financial support to R&D that promotes local and community
socioeconomic development.

The RRDIC-X will bolster support to accelerate and upscale existing OROBEST Innovation and
ILIGANiCE programs. This will be done by providing focused and targeted support to accelerate
globally competitive MSMEs and develop export champion sectors and STI-related industries.
Likewise, the RRDIC-X, DTI-X, and DOST-X, in partnership with the private sector, will ramp up
technical and financial assistance to operationalize emerging provincial inclusive innovation
programs that include the Bukidnon PRIME or the Program for Research and Innovation for
MSME Excellence, KamiFood or the Knowledge Advancement in Managing Innovative Food
Development for Camiguin, and AWESOME-MIZ or Accessing the Worldwide Ecosystem
through Sustainable Opportunities, Mainstreaming e-solutions, and materials integration with
Zeal for advancement of Ozamiz City.

Boost readiness and development of 4IR-equipped human resource

The region will enhance the promotion of 4IR skills framework by mapping out jobs, career
pathways, occupational skills, micro-credentialing, and reskilling options of the region’s human
resource to broaden local businesses and communities’ innovation capabilities. Through the
Department of Education Region X (DepEd-X), Technical Education and Skills Development
Authority Region X (TESDA-X), and CHED-X, the region will support programs that enhance
Filipinos’ curiosity, creativity, agility, and resilience; cultivate critical thinking, growth mindset,
communication, and decision-making skills; and nurture value for empathy and collaborative
engagement (See Subchapter 4.2).

To provide adequate attention to RDTI, DepEd-X, CHED-X, TESDA-X, and the academe will
review, study the gaps, and design solutions on instructional materials, curriculum, and modalities
that the education sector and other training institutions are currently using vis-à-vis industry
requirements. The region will continue to promote science, technology, engineering, and math
courses and ensure increased uptake of various STI scholarships such as the DOST-Science
Education Institute scholarship programs (RA 7687 and RA 10612)198 Department of Agriculture’s
(DA) Scholarship Program on Agricultural Competitiveness Enhancement Fund, Bureau of
Fisheries and Aquatic Resources’ Scholarship Program on Fisheries Scholarship Program, and
CHED’s Student Financial Assistance Programs and Unified Student Financial Assistance System
for Tertiary Education (See Subchapter 4.2 and Chapter 5).

The RRDIC-X will formalize the start-up ecosystem by recognizing enablers in the region and
inculcating entrepreneurship in relevant higher education programs such as information and
communication technologies, health sciences, and physical sciences. This will be pursued by
supporting programs that create a learning environment such as the Mindanao Startup Ecosystem
Transformation (MindSET- Northern Mindanao), which will be implemented by various startup
enablers like the USTP and MSU-IIT. The program aims to formalize the startup ecosystem
through a regional startup development roadmap and mentorship programs and supports
collaborative platforms to promote startups and enhance skills for TBIs.

The DOST-X, in partnership with TESDA-X, DICT-X, HEIs, and the private sector, will also
provide resources through training and online courses, particularly in science and technology.
These include annual regional hackathons, innovation and start-up conferences, and other
activities. This is to ensure that the present and future human resource workforce can access and
develop the necessary skills to support the growth of and propel the Philippine science and
technology industry into the future.

Adopt quadruple helix of collaboration in R&D, technology, and innovation

The academe will aggressively pursue stronger linkages and collaboration with the private sector
by adopting the quadruple helix of collaboration framework199 that is adopted and advocated by
the USTP. It will encourage local colleges and other HEIs to partner with MSMEs within their
areas for industry-specific research and technology collaboration toward improving MSMEs’
productivity and competitiveness. The harmonized RRDIC-X and RIIC will develop materials that
build on best practices of existing R&D centers, food innovation centers, and research consortia in
accessing and providing funds for R&D. It will also promote benchmarking activities in countries
with best practices related to the quadruple helix of collaboration framework.

The DOST-X will spearhead the inventory of HEIs with R&D policies to help identify and address
bottlenecks in pursuing R&D. It will also work closely with HEIs in producing a compendium of
available technologies for adoption, utilization, and commercialization.

Outcome 2: Regional research and development, technology and

innovation information ecosystem advanced
Efficient public sector support for RDTI requires the availability of up-to-date and readily
accessible information and RDTI statistics. In the next six years, the RDTI information ecosystem
will be enhanced to address the market information needs of businesses, provide a single source of
regional information on RDTI outputs and initiatives, and improve capabilities on data analytics.

Intensify business-to-business partnerships on market and customer analytics

Data is a valuable resource for businesses, especially market information. Given the growth of
technology and global connectivity of the region’s MSMEs, information related to national and
global market trends, as well as, threats must be readily available and accessible.
The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) Board of Investments and the proposed Center for
Strategic Investment Promotion and Facilitation (See Chapter 11) will entice more private sector
investments and business-to-business partnerships on market and customer analytics and e-
commerce management systems. The information serves as valuable resource for MSMEs in
generating data-driven insights on price and demand, requirements for integration in global
markets, and logistics consolidation.

Regional and local chambers of commerce and industries, along with other business associations,
will assist MSMEs in collaborating with international counterparts in generating market
information. This would facilitate market expansion and competitiveness of MSMEs and regional
priority sectors. The regional business associations/organizations will also serve as the region’s
ambassadors of goodwill to international businesses to encourage investments in the region’s S&T
parks and incubatees.

Develop Center of Development (COD) or Center of Excellence (COE) in Data

Science/Analytics

With increasing reliance on the internet and exposure to social media, the CHED-X, DICT-X, and
HEIs will intensify programs on data literacy. Efforts will be pursued to develop Centers of
Development or Centers of Excellence in Data Science/Analytics.

Investments to process voluminous data and information generated by the government,

businesses, and other entities are needed as these data and information are potential sources of
market intelligence. In line with this, the region will encourage private investments and
government-industry-academe partnerships for the processing of data through investments in
data analytics infrastructure.

Capacity-building programs on data science and market and user information systems
development will be established and promoted. Market information generation from these systems
is essential in facilitating RDTI innovation capabilities. The Center for Data Science will also
champion advocacies and policies that support the implementation of RA 10173 or the Data
Privacy Act of 2012.

Develop a web-based compendium of national and global R&D partnerships

The RRDIC-X in partnership with the various research consortia, will develop a web-based
compendium of national and global R&D partnerships of public universities and research
consortia, particularly those of the region’s priority sectors. This will provide resource-rich
information for knowledge sharing and further studies that stimulate the growth of the region’s
champion products and priority sectors.

It will also build on the ideas and knowledge-sharing activities that were initiated via international
partnerships such as the Seeds and Needs Matching Seminar Series200 implemented by the Office
of the Consulate General of Japan in Davao in partnership with the City of Cagayan de Oro. The
RRDIC-X will also engage in partnerships with other government offices, SUCs, and the private
sector in maintaining a web-based compendium. This consists of mechanisms for protecting data
security, compensating time spent on industry research, licensing of intellectual property
generated by public and private universities, and instituting royalty-sharing scheme.

The DOST-X will also conduct an annual regional R&D survey201 to provide more updated
information on R&D, technology, and innovation. This survey will be synchronized with the
annual data generation for the Innovation Pillar under the Cities and Municipalities
Competitiveness Index survey of the DTI-X.

Encourage LGUs and private sector partnerships for R&D and STI
development

LGUs will be encouraged to establish a unit under the Local Economic Development and
Investment Promotion Office (LEDIPO) that will focus on local information sharing, especially on
MSME innovation practices and available technologies for adoption. The LEDIPO will be
capacitated by concerned national government agencies under the RRDIC-X in spearheading the
review and formulation of policies and other needs that support R&D, technology, and innovation
at the local level. This will be undertaken in partnership with the private sector and will take off
from notable experiences of the OROBEST Innovation and the ILIGANiCE programs.

Outcome 3: Technology development, adoption, utilization, and

commercialization increased
In support of revitalizing the industry and reinvigorating the services sectors, the region will
increase the development and translation of more MSME-responsive and community-driven
technologies. It will also pursue various investment promotion efforts to encourage investors and
other funders to finance technology, utilization, and commercialization of locally-developed
technologies.
Develop more technologies responsive to the needs of the region’s MSMEs

The RRDIC-X will ensure that R&D, technology, and innovation is integrated with the localized
industry roadmaps (See Chapter 8) that will be pushed by the RDC-X Economic Development
Committee (EDC). This will ensure that the technologies developed by the government and private
sector would respond to the practical needs of the region’s MSMEs.

To address the limited access of businesses and workers to existing, emerging, and new
technologies, the web-based compendium of national and local R&D partnerships will include
public and private-funded technologies for adoption, utilization, and commercialization. Physical
platforms will also be established in rural areas with the expansion of Farmers Information and
Technology Services (FITS) centers that will be managed by the provincial, city, and municipal
agriculture offices.

The DTI-X will establish business advisory services in all its common service facilities (See Chapters
8 and 9) to promote the technologies developed by its assisted firms/MSMEs.

The DTI-X and HEIs will review existing policies and programs that provide funding for
technology transfer, adoption, and utilization. The National Economic and Development
Authority Region X (NEDA-X), in partnership with the RRDIC-X, will proactively engage
stakeholders and capacitate LGUs in accessing the Innovation Fund administered by the National
Innovation Council (NIC).

The NEDA-X will also monitor existing projects funded by the Innovation Fund, such as the FITS
Center Innovation Program in Camiguin, and document best practices for potential replication by
other stakeholders. The RRDIC-X will also provide technical assistance to LGUs in preparing
proposals to access funds for R&D, technology, and innovation.

Beef up technology transfer, extension, and commercialization of publicly

funded technologies

Through the annual Regional Innovation Day celebration conducted every April as spearheaded
by the RRDIC-X, public and private research institutions and HEIs will be provided with platforms
and avenues to pitch their products and technologies to potential investors and the private sector.
Multimedia platforms will also be developed to highlight and showcase these R&D products and
technologies.
The region’s research consortia will support programs that provide the most effective modes of
technology transfer of commercially ready and publicly-funded R&D outputs from qualified
private entrepreneurs and enterprises. To capacitate the research and extension offices of HEIs and
technology transfer and business development offices, the RRDIC-X will tap these offices in
technology diffusion and commercialization efforts of harmonized publicly funded R&D outputs.

Encourage more venture capital investments and cooperative investments in

technology development, adoption, and commercialization for start-ups

The private sector, including local and international business organizations, will be given primary
importance in providing support for startup technology innovators as “angel” investors (i.e.,
individuals or groups with resources and experience in starting up new companies), and venture
capitalists that specialize in early-stage or “seed” investments. Local business organizations, in
partnership with big and established cooperatives, will also be tapped in providing financial
support to technology commercialization and start-ups.

Strengthen provincial Science & Technology Offices

The DOST-X will fast-track the implementation of RA 11914 or the Provincial Science and
Technology Offices (PSTO) Act. This law mandates the PSTOs to develop the institutional linkages
among provincial offices, academe, and LGUs and lead the promotion and transfer of technologies
and services. These are vital in cascading STI programs to enhance inclusive technology-livelihood
enterprises in the countryside, especially in geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas
(GIDA) communities and low-income households.

Strengthen support and incentives for intellectual property management

The IPOPHL will engender support among policymakers, private sector partners, university
researchers, and the public in inculcating the value and contribution of innovation and intellectual
property to economic and social development. With the support of local legislators, the RDC-X
and DTI-X will lobby for additional staff complement or the creation of the regional office of the
IPOPHL. This will empower the IPOPHL in providing technical support and assistance to
businesses in the region with patent mapping and analytics tools that identify trends and gaps in
the technological landscape.

Bolstering IPOPHL will support the region’s bid to become the regional innovation and start-ups
hub of Southern Philippines. Thus, strengthening private sector’s capacity to create, protect,
utilize, commercialize, and enforce their intellectual property rights.
Outcome 4: Innovation and entrepreneurship expanded
To expand the flourishing innovation ecosystem of the region, innovation and entrepreneurship
capabilities will be further improved by exposing more MSMEs to foreign innovations and
technologies, ensuring more adaptive and responsive innovations and businesses, and fostering
social and inclusive innovations and enterprises.

Expose, connect, and fund globally competitive MSMEs and cooperatives to

global incubators, accelerators, and awards program

The RRDIC-X will push for the regional allocation of funding windows, such as the Innovation
Fund, to provide financial support, expose, and connect globally competitive MSMEs and
cooperatives to foreign incubators, accelerators, and awards programs. It will review existing
mechanisms in accessing available funds for R&D and innovation and provide policy
recommendations to the RDC-X.

The MindSET-Northern Mindanao program will be piloted and expanded to include an avenue
for the MSMEs and cooperatives to pitch ideas and be exposed to various opportunities abroad. It
will also pilot the development of inclusive and social innovation programs to address the needs
of low and middle-income households and communities, and improve access to business
opportunities.

Create an enabling environment for innovation and entrepreneurship

The RRDIC-X will foster innovation and STI-driven industrialization by creating an enabling
environment for innovation and entrepreneurship. Regulatory agencies will adapt to the needs of
the innovation inclined MSMEs by piloting a localized 4IR sandbox (See Chapter 8), especially for
industry ventures on digital transformation. For instance, the use of artificial intelligence, robotic
process automation, and Internet of Things, among others. In line with this, subnational and local
governments will also be encouraged to pursue digitalization of their processes (See Chapter 15).

Amplify business mentoring programs and Science, Technology, and

Innovation technical assistance

The DTI-X through its existing mentorship programs and partnership with local business
organizations will promote and amplify the mentorship and coaching programs for MSMEs. To
facilitate comprehensive learning on business operations, the DTI-X will link science and
technology startups with large corporations and senior experts,202 and through this collaboration,
start-ups can gain insights and guidance.

The role of business organizations in facilitating partnerships with international communities and
bilateral cooperation, including the initiatives of the Oro Chamber with the Programma
Uitzending Managers203 of the Netherlands, will also be adopted and expanded.

The DTI-X, will mobilize support for the expansion of the One-stop Laboratory Services for Global
Competitiveness, Shared/Common Service Facilities, Advanced Device and Testing Laboratory,
Electronics Product Development Center, Regional Standards and Testing Laboratories, FAB
LAB204 Mindanao (fabrication laboratory), and other specialized laboratories for product
development and improvement.

The RDC-X EDC and the Oro Chamber, in partnership with LGU-Cagayan de Oro City, will
support the establishment of a Center for Inclusive Innovation to provide a venue for researchers,
technology developers, and incubators to meet and pitch their products with possible investors or
industries. The venue will also serve as a platform for industries and investors to share and generate
market information and consumer preferences for R&D, technology development, and innovation
ideas.

Accelerate the implementation of the Philippine Innovation Act

The RRDIC-X and NEDA-X will sustain the momentum in the implementation of the Philippine
Innovation Act by supporting and localizing the National Innovation and Agenda Strategy
Document (NIASD) and the National Innovation Communication Plan. The RRDIC-X, with
guidance from the National Innovation Council, will monitor innovation policies and programs,
including the NIASD, as guided by the National Innovation Monitoring and Evaluation Matrix.

Establish and promote innovation hubs and other similar collaborative

platforms

The RRDIC-X and the DOST-X will sustain operation of existing industry-academe centers, such
as the ILIGANiCE, Sustainable Resource Engineering Research for Construction Technologies
Center, Center for Waste to Energy: Recycling for Power and Heat, Alternative Staples for Health.
The establishment of innovation hubs in each province and/or congressional district will continue
to be promoted.
Increase public financing opportunities for innovation

The DTI-X and its attached agency, the Small Business Corporation, will proactively engage the
private sector in operationalizing the Mandatory Credit Allocation for Innovation Development
and encourage MSMEs to avail of loans under this program for the development of market-
oriented technologies. The Mandatory Credit Allocation for Innovation Development provides
ease of access to innovation-related projects, especially startups and MSMEs. The Regional Small
and Medium Enterprise Development Council Region X will also lobby for a streamlined process
for accessing this funding window. Various fora will be conducted to disseminate information and
requirements under the Philippine Innovation Act.

Expand investments in financial and entrepreneurial literacy

The private sector, including cooperatives, will be encouraged to expand investments and
strengthen their programs to support science and technology startups, as well as, provide assistance
to MSMEs and communities in making informed financial decisions and enhancing their business
development skills. They will be mobilized to provide financial and entrepreneurial trainings, in
partnership with HEIs. These activities will be featured during the annual Financial Literacy Week
celebration in November.

Legislative Agenda
Table 10.1 presents the priority bills that Northern Mindanao will support to advance R&D,
technology, and innovation.

LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE

AGENCIES
Strengthening the National The bill supports the harmonization of national metrological Department of
Measurement Infrastructure standards with international standards, mutual recognition Science and
System and amending arrangements, and statistical controls as envisioned in the Technology Region
Republic Act 9236 also known Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) economic X (DOST-X),
as the National Metrology Act integration, the World Trade Organization (WTO), and international Department of
of 2003 and for Other agreements and covenants, resulting in globally competitive and Trade and Industry
Purposes quality products and services. Region X (DTI-X)

This measure will support the region’s bid to be the industrial hub
in Mindanao through standardization of units and standards of
measurement of the industry in the region and compliance with
international standards. This would also protect the health,
 LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
interest, and safety of Northern Mindanao’s consumers and their
environment from the harmful effects of inaccurate or false
measurements.
Promoting the Development The bill seeks to promote the development of the Philippine Department of
of the Bamboo Industry by bamboo industry through policies and programs that promote Environment and
Strengthening the Philippine the planting of bamboo and accelerate the development of Natural Resources
Bamboo Industry bamboo-based designs and products. It proposes the creation of Region X, DTI-X,
Development Council, a Bamboo Industry Research and Development Center, which is DOST-X
Creating the Bamboo tasked to ensure the effective implementation of the goals and
Industry Research and objectives through research and development; and trade and
Development Center, propagation promotion, education, and capacity-building
Providing Incentives for initiatives for farmers, processors, designers, and other
Bamboo Plantation stakeholders in the bamboo industry, among others.
Development, and
Appropriating Funds This bill is significant for Northern Mindanao as the lead in the
Therefor bamboo cluster of DTI’s industry cluster program.
Amending Section 177 and The bill seeks to amend the following sections of the Intellectual Intellectual Property
Section 216 of RA No. 8293, Property (IP) Code: Office of the
Otherwise Known as the Philippines
Intellectual Property Code of (a) Section 177 to consider rampant digital reproduction of
the Philippines, as Amended by copyrightable works; and
RA No. 10372, and for Other
Purposes (b) Section 216 of the IP Code, as amended, to address increasing
concerns on secondary liability and online copyright infringement
issues, such as those related to Peer-to-Peer networks and
Internet Service Providers.

This bill considers the right of copyright owners to prevent others

from copying, uploading, scanning, digitizing, or distributing their
creative work. This bill is highly significant to the region given the
number of IPs endorsed in the past six years.

To accelerate the implementation of the amended law, the region

will lobby for the amendment of additional resources for manpower
and/or the creation of a regional office of the IPOPHL.
Science for Change Program This bill seeks to promote inclusive, equitable, and sustainable DOST-X
(S4CP) and Appropriating development through the optimal use of the Research and
Funds Therefor Development (R&D) budget allocated to different government
departments and agencies. It will address the lack of R&D efforts
in the private sector, overcome the impacts of the COVID-19
pandemic, and strengthen STI resiliency by providing scientific
solutions to national challenges such as health innovations,
transportation, nutrition, food security, food safety, and disaster
response and risk management.
 LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE
AGENCIES
Establishing Guidelines and This bill seeks to promote, develop, and grant subsidies and DOST-X, State
Incentives for the incentives for the development of science and technology parks. Universities and
Development of Science and Colleges, University
Technology Parks (STPs) in the For the region, it shall provide guidelines and support to actualize of Science and
Philippines the Science and Technology Park of the University of Science and Technology of
Technology of Southern Philippines (USTP) as granted in its charter. Southern Philippines
Creating a Local Innovation This aims to create a mechanism for policy and funding support for DOST-X, National
Committee and Establishing innovators and technology business incubators in all LGUs. Economic and
Technology Business Development
Incubators (TBI) in local Authority Region,
government units (LGUs) Department of the
Interior and Local
Government Region
X, LGUs

Research Agenda
RESPONSIBLE
RESEARCH AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
AGENCIES

Allocating budget for The study will identify the advantages and limitations of allocating Department of
Research, Development, and budget for R&D, technology and innovation at the local level. It Science and
Innovation (RDTI) in LGUs aims to highlight best practices of local governments (within and Technology Region
outside the Philippines) that support R&D, technology, and X (DOST-X),
innovation in their local growth/economic development. Department of
Trade and Industry
Region X, State
Universities and
Colleges
Inventory of Higher Education This will look into the current R&D climate among HEIs and help DOST-X
Institutions (HEIs) with R&D identify and address bottlenecks in pursuing R&D.
Policies
Annual R&D Survey Instead of conducting R&D-related survey every three years, the DOST-X, DOST-CO
survey will be done annually to provide more updated data and and Philippine
recent information on R&D, technology, and innovation. Statistics Authority
Responsiveness of relevant This study will look into the gaps in instructional materials and DOST-X
programs/curricula of higher modalities that the HEIs and other training institutions are using
education institutions and over what are required by the industry. It seeks to address the
technical and vocational inadequate focus on R&D, technology and innovation on:
training institutions in
a) opportunities and challenges along the value and supply chains;
 RESPONSIBLE
RESEARCH AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
AGENCIES

broadening innovation b) adding value to products, services, processes, and systems;

capabilities of businesses. c) location and type of market /users; and
d) responsiveness of digital solutions to community or regional
needs.
Regionalization of R&D Funds This study will review the existing mechanisms for accessing DOST-X
and Innovation Fund available funds for R&D and innovation in the region. It aims to
provide a policy framework to decentralize R&D funds.

Results Matrix
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS END OF
BASELINE RESPONSIBLE AGENCYa/
INDICATORS PLAN MEANS OF VERIFICATION
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 REPORTING ENTITYb
TARGET
Outcome 1: Academe-Industry-Government and Community Research and Development, Technology and Innovation Linkages Strengthened
Regional expenditure in Research and 0.15 0.15 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.0 1.0 Annual R&D Survey Department of Science and Technology
Development (R&D)c increased (percent) (2018) Region X (DOST-X)
Full-time equivalent researchers per million 112 150 185 200 230 260 300 300 Annual R&D Survey DOST-X
population increased (number) (2018)
5 Provincial and 9 City Local government units 7 7 20 30 50 70 100 100 DOST-X report/ Department of the Interior and Local
(LGUs) with allocation for R&D Funds increased (2022) Annual R&D Survey Government Region X (DILG-X), DOST-X
(percent)
Operational local Innovation programs increased – 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 7 DOST-X report/ Department of Trade and Industry
province/HUC (2022) Annual R&D Survey Region X (DTI-X), DOST-X, Commission on
(number) Higher Education Region X (CHED-X),
State Universities and Colleges (SUCs)
Outcome 2: Regional Research and Development, Technology and Innovation Information Ecosystem Advanced
Accessible Technology and Market information 1 1 - 2 - 3 4 4 DTI-X, Local Chambers of DTI-X, Local Chambers of Commerce and
and sector analytics increased (Number) (2021) Commerce and Industry Industry
reports
Outcome 3: Technology Adoption, Utilization, and Commercialization Increased
Government-funded R&D technologies transferred increased (number) DOST-X, CHED-X, Department of
13 15 17 19 21 23 25 25 DOST-X report/ Agriculture Region X (DA-X), SUCs, and
Commercialization
(2021) Annual R&D Survey Research and Development (R&D)
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 18 DOST-X report/ Consortia
Extension
(2021) Annual R&D Survey
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 DOST-X report/
Public Goodd
(2021) Annual R&D Survey
Outcome 4: Innovation and Entrepreneurship Expanded
3 4 4 7 8 9 10 10 DTI-X report DTI-X
Inclusive business models increased (number)
(2021)
Established Technology Business Incubations 3 4 5 6 8 10 11 11 DOST-X report/ DOST-X, DTI-X, TBIs
(TBIs) increased (number) (2021) Annual R&D Survey
83 90 95 100 105 110 115 115 DOST-X report/ DOST-X, DTI-X, TBIs
Tech Start-ups increased (number)
(2021) Annual R&D Survey
LGUs with units focusing on Research, 0 2 4 7 9 11 15 15 DOST-X report/ DOST-X, DILG-X
Development, Technology, and Innovation (2022) Annual R&D Survey
increased (percent; 5 provinces, and 9 cities)
a
Agency accountable for delivering the outputs/achievement of outcomes
b
Lead agency responsible for reporting progress on indicator targets
c
R&D expenditure by government and private sector over the total GRDE
d
Services and tangible technological innovations as a result of a government agency’s extensive research and development (R&D) efforts in the field of
ICT, Microelectronics, Space Technology, and other related fields (Source: https://asti.dost.gov.ph).
Major and Catalytic Programs and Projects205
To concretize the region’s strategies to advance research and development, technology, and
innovation, the following major catalytic programs and projects, on top of the regular programs
of government agencies and state universities and colleges will be pursued:

 USTP S&T Park Project;

 Agri-industrial Park in Central Mindanao University;
 Center for Climate Smart Agriculture Technology in Northern Mindanao;
 Northern Mindanao Digital Design and Packaging Hub;
 Northern Mindanao Data Analytics Center;
 Mindanao Startup Ecosystem Transformation (MindSET- Northern Mindanao)
Program;
 Web-based compendium of national and global R&D partnerships of public universities
and research consortia;
 Web-based compendium of publicly and privately funded STI products and technologies;
for adoption, utilization, and commercialization;
 Upgraded Mentoring and Coaching Program for MSMEs;
 Center for Inclusive Innovation in Cagayan de Oro City;
 Establishment of village-type Smart Greenhouse for showcasing and adoption by farmers;
 Updating of the Regional Integrated Research and Development Extension Agenda
Program; and
 Annual Research and Development Conference.
189
The number of start-up technology-based businesses provided with a range of resources, services and facilities that leave the incubation program
given the firm’s financial viability and capacity to compete in the market.
190
To support the efficient implementation of the Philippine Technology Transfer Act of 2009 or Republic Act (RA) 10055, the Technology Application
and Promotion Institute of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST-TAPI) implemented the mechanisms for issuing the Fairness Opinion
Report (FOR) and Written Recommendation (WR). The FOR is a document crafted by a neutral third-party body called a Fairness Opinion Board
(FOB) which analyzes the fairness of a proposed technology transfer transaction. The FOR is necessary for the transfer and commercialization of
government-funded research and development project.
191
A project of the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration, which will feature a large dome-shaped projection
screen that shows constellations, planets and other celestial objects that will appear in three-dimensional perspectives.
192
OROBEST Innovation is a regional program that enhances industry productivity and competitiveness through the generation and adoption of
scientifically-developed technologies. It is initiated by the DOST Region X and the Cagayan de Oro Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Inc. (Oro
Chamber) in partnership with the Department of Trade and Industry - Region X, United States Agency for International Development, Science,
Technology, Research, and Innovation for Development, higher education institutions, and micro and small industries in Region X. Its operation is
funded by various partners from the national government, private sector, and Official Development Assistance. Some of the micro, small, and
medium-sized enterprises incubators and champions include Bestfriend Goodies, Oro Handmade, and Green Pastures.
193
The ILIGANiCE Program is a DOST-X funded project spearheaded by the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Extension of the Mindanao
State University-Iligan Institute of Technology. It aims to establish a more cohesive and dynamic research and innovation ecosystem through active
engagements, research collaborations, and partnerships.
194
International Monetary Fund, Accelerating innovation and digitalization in Asia to boost productivity / prepared by Era Dabla-Norris, Tidiane
Kinda, Kaustubh Chahande, Hua Chai, Yadian Chen, Alessia de Stefani, Yosuke Kido, Fan Qi, and Alexandre Sollaci Washington, DC :
International Monetary Fund, 2023.
195
Albert J.R., Serafica R., Quimba F.M., Vizmanos J.F., and Bairan, J.C.A, 2018, “What drives Filipino firms to innovate”, PIDS Policy notes, ISN
2508-0865.
196
Provides grants for the implementation of programs/projects identified in the current DOST priorities and thrusts and supports S&T activities
classified in the General Appropriations Act.
197
Created by virtue of RDC-X Resolution No. 49, s. 2017 “Endorsing the Creation of Regional Research, Development and Innovation Committee
under the Regional Development Council-X.” It aims to bridge the gaps and challenges of regional socioeconomic development by ensuring researches,
innovations, and other S&T-based projects are relevant, responsive and aligned to the regional development thrusts.
198
R.A 7687 is the “Science and Technology Scholarship Act of 1994” and RA 10612 is the “Fast-Tracked Science and Technology Scholarship Act of
2013.”
199
A collaboration framework adopted by the USTP for a seamless relationship among the key players of regional development that include academe,
industry, government and community (https://www.ustp.edu.ph/the-entrepreneurship-pathway/).
200
An initiative of the Consulate General of Japan in Davao in 2020-2021,which provides avenues for discussions, dialogues, and deeper understanding
of relevant issues, addressing some research-policy- practice disconnects, and advancing potentials in the region that affect the and are affected by
the industrial sector and beyond.
201
Currently the survey is conducted every three years. The data is 3 years behind of the publication date (e.g., the 2021 Compendium of S&T statistics
contains 2018 data).
202
Retired executives and business professionals
203
The Oro Chamber has engaged with the PUM Netherlands senior experts. It is a non-profit organization, which has been advising businesses in
developing countries and emerging markets for 35 years. PUM links these businesses, at their own request, to Dutch professionals who voluntarily
devote their considerable experience to creating a better world. It promotes entrepreneurship, self-sufficiency and the sustainable development of
small and medium-sized enterprise locally.
204
Situated inside Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology, a university that focuses on engineering, science, and technology. FAB
LAB Mindanao aims to be the venue where researches of this knowledge domain can craft prototypes of their designs. Through its equipment, FAB
LAB Mindanao also aims to assist in the product development of science and technology researchers as well as the small and medium enterprises in
the region. With its mission statement summarized by "Prototyping and Collaborating Ideas," FAB LAB Mindanao envisions to be an innovation
system that transforms ideas for value creation and wealth generation (Source: https://www.msuiit.edu.ph/offices/fablab/).
205
Major PAP is defined as ongoing or proposed development program or project of an agency with total investment cost of at least P1 billion and is
aligned with the 8-point agenda of PBBM. Catalytic development program or project, is an ongoing or proposed program or project of an agency with
total investment cost greater or lower than P1 billion, and possesses one or both of the following characteristics: a) Enhances socioeconomic growth;
and b) Induces crowding-in of resource flows. The details, including the investment targets and project cost are further defined in the Regional
Development Investment Program (RDIP) 2023-2028, which will be formulated in 2023.
Promote Trade and Investments
Northern Mindanao is one of the country’s top exporters of agri-based products. Its strategic location
makes it an efficient logistics hub and trade center in Southern Philippines. Due to these advantages,
trade and investments play a key role in improving regional economic growth and ending poverty.

In the next six years, the region will provide accessible and reliable information on doing business,
capacitate more exporters to digitalize their businesses, and heighten the region’s attractiveness to
both domestic and foreign direct investments. These efforts will all be geared towards expanding
markets of Northern Mindanao exports and increasing total investments in all strategic development
areas (SDAs) of the region.

To attain these objectives, the region will position itself as a premier international gateway and logistics
hub in Southern Philippines; a world-class ecotourism and meetings, incentives, conferences, and
exhibitions (MICE) destination; and an agri-business, and information and communications technology
and innovation hub in the country. It will aggressively promote Northern Mindanao as an attractive
investment destination through the Make it Happen in Northern Mindanao for the Philippines campaign.

Assessment and Challenges

Region X is among the top investment destinations in Southern Philippines. Despite
uncertainties brought about by the pandemic, total generated investments in 2020 reached
PHP33.7 billion.206 An additional PHP5.5 billion was infused in 2021.207 For these years, Northern
Mindanao emerged as one of the top five investment destinations in Southern Philippines, next to
Davao region. Most of the investments in the country are still concentrated in Central Luzon,
CALABARZON, and the National Capital Region. For the period 2017 to 2021, total investments
in the region208 increased at an average annual growth rate of 6.9 percent for a total of PHP208.28
billion.

Growth in investments in the region can be attributed to the ease of registering a business through
online registration platforms such as the Department of Trade and Industry’s (DTI) Business
Name Registration System and the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) Electronic
Simplified Processing of Application for Registration of Company. Investment promotions done
via online and physical platforms such as fora, exhibitions or expositions, webinars, and meetings
within the country and abroad also contributed to this increase.
Investments are highly concentrated in Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental. In 2021, Bukidnon
received 37.74 percent of total investments in terms of value, closely followed by Misamis Oriental
with 30.48 percent. Lanao del Norte and Misamis Occidental received 16.98 and 11.17 percent of
the investments, respectively.

Camiguin, an island province and the region’s major tourism destination generated the least share
at three percent. However, in terms of value of investments in 2021, it registered the highest
increase at PHP117.66 million compared to PHP1.58 million in 2020. This can be attributed to the
development of a new high-end resort hotel in the island.

Merchandise exports grew, which comprised mostly agri-based and intermediate products.
Between 2017 and 2021, merchandise exports grew annually at an average of 10.1 percent in
value and 10.4 percent in volume. The increase was boosted by improved sales of major crop
products. However, merchandise exports marginally declined by at most three percent from
USD1.46 billion in 2020 to USD1.42 billion in 2021.

The top 10 exported commodities in the region are chemicals, pineapple and pineapple products,
coconut oil, other mineral products, iron ore agglomerates, processed tropical fruits, desiccated
coconut, lumber, and activated carbon. The major trading partners of the region are Japan, the
United States of America, China, the Netherlands, South Korea, United Kingdom of Great Britain,
Northern Ireland, Spain, Malaysia, Taiwan, and Italy.

As of 31 December 2022, there were 85 accredited exporters operating in the region and 31
exporters from other regions who exported their products through the base and international ports
in Northern Mindanao.

Landmark legislations that were recently passed opened more opportunities for trade and
investments in the region. Various legislations were passed to provide opportunities for the
region to expand its trade market and promote more investments, especially foreign direct
investments. These include Republic Act (RA) 11647, which amends the Foreign Investment Act
and aims to promote and attract foreign investments by allowing, for the first time, international
investors to set up and fully own domestic enterprises (including micro and small enterprises) in
the Philippines. RA 11659 amends the Public Service Act and opens select sectors such as railways,
airports, expressways, and telecommunications to 100 percent foreign ownership.209 RA 11534 or
the Corporate Recovery and Tax Incentives for Enterprises (CREATE) Act provides greater
flexibility in granting incentives that may last up to 40 years. RA 11595 or An Act amending RA
8762 or the Retail Trade Liberalization Act of 2000 highlights the reduction in the minimum paid-
up capital requirements for foreign investors in the retail industry and the preferential use of
Filipino labor.

Strategic location, availability of locational assets, and competitive workforce hoist Northern
Mindanao as a prime investment destination in the country. Northern Mindanao is physically
linked to all regions of Mindanao through a network of good-quality roads. With its deep harbor,
the region is the most advantageous jump-off point for sea-based trading with Luzon, Visayas, and
the international market.

The region is also home to operational and emerging locational assets either owned or operated by
the private and public sectors. As of 31 December 2022, the region has 897,778 hectares of
investment-ready and available lands open for investments in light, medium, and heavy
manufacturing industries, warehousing, and shipbuilding.210 There are also existing buildings that
are ready for occupancy and other potential land areas being developed such as the Metro Iligan
Regional Agro-Industrial Center (MIRAIC) in Lanao del Norte and the proposed Science and
Technology Park of the University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines in Misamis
Oriental.

Northern Mindanao also produces competitive and skilled workers. As of 2022, there are 16
Centers of Excellence and 33 Centers of Development in the fields of engineering and natural
sciences, agriculture, information technology, and social sciences. In 2021, a total of 77,174 youth
and adults enrolled in Technical-Vocational Education and Training (TVET) programs, an
increase of 30 percent from 2020. Programs include metals and engineering, automotive and land
transport, construction, human/health care, agri-fisheries, and tourism (See Subchapter 4.2).

While Northern Mindanao holds comparative and competitive advantages as an investment

destination in the country, some constraints limit its capacity to actualize investments and entice
investors to locate and operate in the region. On top of governance and ease of doing business
concerns elaborated in other chapters (See Chapters 8, 9, and 15), the region encounters trade and
investment promotion and facilitation challenges, as follows: a) lack of a unified and aggressive
regional campaign to showcase the progress and achievements of Northern Mindanao to counter
negative publicity and travel advisories issued by embassies; b) lack of or non-operational local
incentive codes that would support and streamline investments; and c) fragmented regional and
local trade and investment promotion activities.
Strategy Framework
To aggressively promote trade and investments in Northern Mindanao, the region will commit to
attain these two strategic outcomes: a) markets for Northern Mindanao export sector expanded;
and b) total investments improved in all SDAs.

These outcomes will be pursued by strengthening collaboration between the private and public
sectors. Proactive business-to-business partnerships with national and international businesses
will be encouraged. Intensified trade and promotion campaign and heightened engagement with
the LGUs through the local investment promotion offices will be pursued.

Strategies
Outcome 1: Markets for Northern Mindanao export sector expanded
The region, through the strengthened collaboration and partnership between the national and
local governments and stronger participation of the private sector and export champions, will
unify efforts to expand and diversify markets of Northern Mindanao exports. It will adopt an
aggressive marketing campaign that will entice both local and foreign investors to do and operate
businesses in Northern Mindanao.
Implement targeted strategies to increase exports on three fronts: global value
chains, food and agri-marine, and labor-intensive manufacturing

The Regional Development Council of Northern Mindanao (RDC-X) Economic Development

Committee (EDC) will spearhead the formulation of the Regional Inclusive Industry Cluster
Roadmap (See Chapter 8). The roadmap will provide specific information and identify concrete
entry points for local firms to participate in global value chains (GVCs) such as industrial,
manufacturing, transportation; technology, media, and telecommunications; and health and life
sciences. This will be complemented by a Regional Export Development Plan that will outline
specific strategies to promote the development of export products in the region.

To support the goal of creating more and quality jobs, the RDC-X and the LGUs will promote
sisterhood partnerships with developed economies that have existing labor-intensive
manufacturing industries such as shipbuilding, steelmaking, food production, garments, and
recycling, among others.

Shepherd existing and emerging regional export champions to expand or

diversify markets

The RDC-X EDC and DTI BOI will push for the revival and reconstitution of the Investment
Action Center of Northern Mindanao (IAC-X)211 which was established in 1993. This can be
revived through the Center for Strategic Investments Promotion and Facilitation in Northern
Mindanao (CSIPF-X).212 The CSIPF-X is a collegial body composed of private sector stakeholders
including the Philippine Exporters Confederation, Inc. Region 10A (PhilExport10A), local
chambers of commerce and industry, export regulatory and promotion agencies, and LGUs
through the local economic development and investment promotion office (LEDIPO). One of its
functions is to facilitate the actualization of strategic investments coming in and promote Northern
Mindanao in the Philippines and abroad. Through the CSIPF-X and in partnership with trading
mentors and business analytics firms, the region will shepherd existing and emerging regional
export champions in improving their products and services to meet the quality and standards
requirements of trade partners. It will also host and disseminate information related to free trade
agreements that are pursued by the national government.
Capacitate exporting micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to
pursue digitalization of their businesses

The DTI-X, in partnership with the PhilExport10A, will encourage and capacitate local exporters,
especially the region’s champion exports to digitalize their processes and increase their online
presence to expand market share of Northern Mindanao’s export products.

Part of the functions of the CSIPF-X is to facilitate rapid assistance mechanisms and responsive
preventive measures to support export pillar MSMEs in the region that are growing, emerging, and
in critical stages of transition. It will also aid in the development of early warning systems,213
preventive measures, and interventions for distressed firms and with potential but with potential
and comparative advantages.

Intensify support to exporting MSMEs that have high potential to link

downstream and upstream sectors in the economy

The Department of Agriculture Region X (DA-X), DTI-X, DOST-X, Philippine Fiber

Development Authority Region X, Philippine Coconut Authority Region X, other concerned
agencies, and the private sector will intensify support to exporting MSMEs, particularly those from
the agri-processing sector, which have high potential in linking upstream and downstream sectors
in the economy. These MSMEs will be encouraged to diversify their products to include high-value
export commodities for processed organic food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, among others.

The region will support the servicification214 of manufacturing and agriculture by expanding
government assistance in the shared service facilities of DTI to include common business services
such as marketing, digitization, logistics, distribution, and assistance in consolidation. A study on
the profile of local firms or MSMEs that are engaged or with high potential to engage in GVCs will
also be conducted for focused and targeted support and assistance.

Nurture emerging sectors in information and communications technology

(ICT), creatives, and technology start-ups to supply quality tradeable
intermediate services

Northern Mindanao will be positioned as an ICT, innovation, and start-up hub in Southern
Philippines that will supply quality tradeable intermediate services. The RDC-X Regional
Committee on the Promotion of Culture will nurture existing talents in the creatives and digital
fields. It will also harness private sector initiatives through convergence of efforts and resources.
This will formalize and create avenues and spaces such as digital and innovation hubs for these
talents to grow and contribute to the upgrading, upskilling, and reskilling of the workforce (See
Subchapter 4.2). Partnerships among industry players, academe, training institutions and research
centers, LGUs, and national government agencies will be pursued to collaborate on research and
development, technology development, upgrading and utilization, and innovation (See Chapters
8, 9, and 10).

Outcome 2: Total investments improved in all Strategic

Development Areas (SDAs)
The region adopted SDAs as its spatial strategy to promote agglomeration, co-location, and
complementation of key products and services (See Chapter 2). Large investments entail
economies of scale that may require harmonization and synchronization of local investment
policies and incentives. To disperse strategic investments that go beyond one province or LGU, the
region will intensify synergy and alignment of all local investment policies and incentives, launch
an aggressive investment promotion campaign, and ensure that investments create positive
spillover effects.

Launch an aggressive campaign on Northern Mindanao’s brand, and raise

awareness on the new business climate ushered in by most recent structural
reforms

The region will support the country’s all-out campaign that it is open for business. Through the
DTI BOI, laymanized advocacy materials will be developed and widely disseminated with
emphasis on opportunities provided by the CREATE Act, amended Foreign Investment Act, the
Retail Trade Liberalization Act, and the Public Service Act.

The CSIPF-X will formulate an aggressive marketing and investment promotion campaign that
will bring out the key message of Make it Happen in Northern Mindanao for the Philippines. The
campaign will also highlight inter-provincial complementation, underscoring the region’s SDAs.
Complementing this campaign are aggressive national and international trade promotion
activities, which will be participated by all stakeholders, especially the LGUs and the private sector
in the region.

This will be reinforced by trade missions in collaboration with local and national governments, the
private sector, and higher education institutions that host innovation and research and
development centers.
The aggressive promotion activities and campaign will bear key messages and promote programs
and projects on the region’s key positioning as:

 Premier international gateway and logistics hub in Southern Philippines;

 World-class ecotourism and MICE destination in the Philippines;
 Agriculture and agribusiness hub in the Philippines; and
 ICT, innovation, and start-ups hub in Southern Philippines.

Revamp and reinforce the image of Northern Mindanao as a premier

investment destination area in the country

The CSIPF-X will work with the security sector to revamp the security image of the region and
reinforce peace and development milestones with an “appealing” image that fortifies inclusiveness,
equality, and openness to all individuals in all forms of gender identity, persons with disabilities,
indigenous peoples and communities, and migrants and immigrants (See Subchapters 4.3, 14.1,
and 14.2)

Provide accessible, reliable, and updated information on doing business in the

region

The RDC-X will push for the development of a web-based information system that will provide
accessible, reliable, and updated information on doing business in all LGUs in the region, especially
in key investment areas and those with locational assets. This will be aligned with Tradeline
Philippines, an online portal of trade information and statistics.215 This system also aims to connect
exporters to real-time information on emerging products and market opportunities, capture
information on local suppliers and their capabilities, and create a dedicated space for market
information sharing to and from trade and agricultural attaches and diplomatic posts.

The Regional Competitiveness Committee headed by the DTI-X will continue promoting local and
export competitiveness. To facilitate the flow of trade in goods, local regulatory measures will be
reviewed to identify and amend processes and procedures that are irrelevant, restrictive, and costly,
or burdensome to doing business.

Maximize synergy and decisively align national and local government

investment promotion strategies

The CSIPF-X will be aligned with the Inter-Agency Promotion Coordination Committee under
the Amended Foreign Investments Act or RA 11647. All investment promotion strategies
implemented by the LGUs, national government, and administrators of preferred investment
areas, such as the MIRAIC and Philippine Veterans Investment Development Corporation
(PHIVIDEC)-Industrial Estate in Misamis Oriental, will be harmonized to create a unified regional
investment promotion strategy. The promotion strategies will also be aligned with the Strategic
Investment Promotion Plan.

The DTI-BOI will intensify private sector presence and participation in promotional activities
through the local chambers of commerce and industry in bolstering local business to national and
international business partnerships. Regional collaboration and partnerships with various
consulates and embassies will also be fostered and intensified (See Chapter 9).

The region will support the institutionalization of LEDIPOs and establish a regional association of
LEDIPOs, in partnership with local chambers of commerce and national investment and
promotion officers. This will facilitate coordination of local economic development and
investment promotion advocacies, policies, programs, activities, and projects.

Revitalize, develop, and promote existing and emerging operational locational

assets and study viability of potential assets

The presence of the PHIVIDEC Industrial Estate in Misamis Oriental (PIE-MO) makes Northern
Mindanao a preferred investment area for Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs). Thus, the
PHIVIDEC Industrial Authority plays a significant role in attracting more FDIs in the region.
Major programs and projects that will further make PIE-MO attractive to investors will be fast-
tracked, such as the expansion of the Mindanao International Containerized Port and Terminal
and upgrading of its existing facilities, completion of the Bugna Bridge of the PHIVIDEC-Alae
Bypass road, and the implementation of the Villanueva-Cagayan de Oro-Opol Expressway.

Assistance to operationalize the MIRAIC will be pursued to usher FDIs in the western part of the
region. Other locational assets, such as those developed and advanced by the private sector, will
also be promoted.

Studies will be undertaken to ensure the feasibility of proposed locational assets such as the
Magsaysay Agro-Industrial Economic Zone in Misamis Oriental, agri-industrial parks in
Bukidnon, proposed science and technology parks, tourism eco-zones and retirement villages, and
aqua-industrial business corridors. The feasibility studies will ensure that benefits that will accrue
from establishing economic zones outweigh the costs of incentives provided.
Push for investments in sustainable industry, and environmental, social and
governance (ESG) investment practices

In support of the national movement to host environmental, social and governance (ESG)
investment opportunities, especially in the areas of reforestation, food security, and sustainable
livelihood, the RDC-X EDC and the Infrastructure and Utilities Development Committee will fast-
track the formulation of the action plan to localize the Philippines’ Nationally Determined
Contribution (NDC) policies and measures. This will be done in collaboration with the river basin
management councils, bay alliances, water quality management area bodies, and protected area
management boards, among others.

The CSIPF-X, in partnership with PHIVIDEC Industrial Authority, LGUs, and the private sector
will actively promote the region to investors with sustainable practices and responsible production
methods. The region will likewise promote the provision of a special area for sustainable industries
(See Chapter 8) in all locational assets. The RDC-X EDC will explore the creation of an ESG
investment task force to assist industrial areas and the LGUs in facilitating such investments.

The Department of Energy - Mindanao and the National Economic and Development Authority
Region X will also pursue the formulation of the Renewable Energy Roadmap and Sustainable
Water Supply Roadmap for Northern Mindanao to provide clear information and direction of ESG
strategic investment needs.

Legislative Agenda
Table 11.1 presents the priority policies and legislative agenda that Northern Mindanao will
support to promote trade and investment in the region.

RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
AGENCIES
Revival of the Investment The Regional Development Council-X Economic Development Committee DTI Region X
Assistance Center (IAC) (RDC-X EDC) will push for the revival of the IAC that will spearhead the (DTI-X), DTI-
through the Center for unified and harmonized efforts on investment promotion and facilitation BOI, National
Strategic Investments in the region. It is proposed that the Department of Trade and Industry Economic and
Promotion and Facilitation (DTI)– Board of Investments (BOI) will serve as its secretariat. Development
Authority
(NEDA)
 RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
AGENCIES
Review/Updating of Local With the passage of various landmark legislations that aim to attract DTI-X
Investment and Incentive investments, there is a need to review and update the existing LIICs.
Codes (LIIC)

Research Agenda

RESPONSIBLE
RESEARCH AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
AGENCIES
Baseline Study on Northern The study aims to establish baseline information on the extent Department of Trade
Mindanao Participation in GVC of participation of firms/MSMEs and Multinational Corporations and Industry Region X
export clusters-- industrial, in Northern Mindanao in the GVC export clusters namely, (DTI-X)
manufacturing and transport industrial, manufacturing and transport (IMT), Technology,
(IMT),technology, media and media and telecommunication (TMT), and Health and life
telecommunication (TMT); health sciences (HLS)
and life sciences (HLS)
Inventory of functional Local Conduct inventory of LGUs with functional local economic and DTI-X
Economic and Investments investments promotion office. It aims to assess the
Promotion Office in the region functionality of existing boards and provide recommendations
on how to strengthen the LEDIPO in the context of investment
promotion and facilitation.

Establishing regional regulatory The region will study the best ESG regulatory framework that Department of
framework for ESG and creation will be implemented at subnational levels. It will review existing Environment and
of an ESG Task Force practices of countries that promote successful ESG strategies Natural Resources
and learnings that are applicable in the region. It will also study Region X,
the best-fit institutional arrangement for this undertaking. Environmental
Management Bureau
Region X, DTI-X
Baseline study on number of This is a baseline study that will document sustainable State Universities and
businesses in the region that practices of industries and services in the region. This will Colleges, NEDA-X
adopt sustainable business include businesses' ESG investments.
practices and adopt ESG
investment practices
Results Matrix

ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE

END OF
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCYa/
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 TARGET
VERIFICATION REPORTING
ENTITYb
Outcome 1: Markets of Northern Mindanao export sector expanded
Bureau of 85 85 90 95 100 105 105 Reports of DTI-X,
Customs (BOC)- (2022) Department PhilExport 10A
accredited of Trade and
exporters in Industry
Region X
Region X
increased
(DTI-X),
(number)
PhilExport 10A
Merchandise USD1.42 increasing Foreign Trade DTI-X
Exports billion Statistics,
increased (in (2021) Philippine
USD billion) Statistics
Authority
Region X
(PSA-X), DTI
Exports
Bureau
Outcome 2: Total investments in all strategic development areas (SDAs) in the region improved

Total Foreign PHP33.37B 1 2 billion 3 billion 5 billion 5 billion 16 Report on PSA-X, DTI-X,
and Filipino (2020)216 billion billion Total DTI-Board of
National Approved Investments
investments Foreign and (BOI), Local
increased Filipino Government
(increment in National Units
PHP billion) Investments
Share of DTI, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), Cooperative Development Authority, and DTI Board of Investments (BOI)-
Investments ( by value of investment) in all provinces improved (%)
Bukidnon 37 Quarterly DTI-X, DTI-BOI,
30-35 30-35 25-30 25-30 25-30 25-30
(2021) Regional Department of
Camiguin 3 Economic Tourism
3-5 3-5 3-5 6-7 6-7 6-7
(2021) Situationer Region X
Lanao del Norte 17 Report
15-20 15-20 15-20 20-25 20-25 20-25
(2021) processed by
Misamis 11 National
10-15 10-15 10-15 15-20 15-20 15-20 Economic
Occidental (2021)
Misamis Oriental Development
32
25-30 25-30 30-35 30-35 30-35 30-35 Authority
(2021)
Region X
a
Agency accountable for delivering the outputs/achievement of outcome
b
Lead agency responsible for reporting progress on indicator targets
Major and Catalytic Programs and Projects217
To concretize the region’s strategies to promote trade and investments, the following major
catalytic programs and projects, on top of the regular programs of the government agencies and
state universities and colleges will be pursued:

 Web-based information system on doing business in Region X;

 Regional Inclusive Industry Cluster Roadmap (See Chapter 8);
 Multiple media campaign materials “Make it Happen in Northern Mindanao for the
Philippines;”
 International trade missions in partnership with the private sector;
 Expansion/Upgrading of the Mindanao International Container Terminal (See Chapter 9);
 Completion of the Bugna Bridge of the PHIVIDEC-Alae Bypass Road (See Chapter 13);
 Villanueva-Cagayan de Oro-Opol Expressway (See Chapter 13);
 USTP AGILA S&T Park Project (See Chapters 8 and 10);
 Conduct of Feasibility Studies of government-led proposed locational assets
 Agri-industrial Parks in Bukidnon; and
 Common/Shared Services Facilities.
206
DTI and BOI-monitored investments submitted to the NEDA-X Annual Regional Economic Situationer
207
PSA, 2021, Table 10A. Total approved investments of foreign and Filipino Nationals by Region at Current Prices, first quarter 2020 to fourth
quarter 2021.
208
Based on DTI-monitored, BOI-Monitored, CDA-monitored, and PHIVIDEC-monitored investments reported in the NEDA annual regional
economic situationer for the period 2017-2021.
209
Previously, foreign ownership to the selected sectors is only 40 percent.
210
DTI Board of Investments https://boi.gov.ph/investment-ready-locations/
211
The RDC-X passed Resolution No. 10 (s. 1993) “Approving and Strongly Indorsing the Establishment of the One Stop Investment Action Center in
Region X. It is a mechanism that will facilitate investment initiatives and aggressive promotion to entice investors in Northern Mindanao. It also
aims to serve as a “one-stop” business and licensing office, which was further operationalize later through the establishment of the National
Economic research and Business Assistance Center in Northern Mindanao (NERBAC-Northern Mindanao) per RDC-X Resolution No. 08 s. 2007.
212 The umbrella organization of Philippine exporters accredited under the Export Development Act (EDA) of 1994. It is a non-stock, non-profit
private organization born out of the unification of the Philippine Exporters Foundation and the Confederation of Philippine Exporters last August
1992. It is mandated to strengthen the country’s export industry through its export promotion and development programs.
213
Monitoring of firm-level export growth, firm market shares, and market exits, job creating impact of trade and investments, and monitoring of
revealed comparative advantage. It will also include information on geographic location of rims to mobilize provincial and municipal resources to
assist ailing firms.
214
Servicification refers to the increasing use and reliance of manufacturing on services. See, for example: Lodefalk, M. 2015. Servicification of
Manufacturing Firms Makes Divides in Trade Policy-Making Antiquated. https://www.diva-
portal.org/smash/get/diva2:827797/FULLTEXT01.pdf.
215
An online export data and service portal for existing and aspiring Philippine exporters to access latest trade statistics, meet foreign buyers, provide
industry and market reports, and file an resolve export complaints (https://tradelinephilippines.dti.gov.ph/).
216
Based on total investments generated in the region in 2020.
217
Major PAP is defined as ongoing or proposed development program or project of an agency with total investment cost of at least P1 billion and is
aligned with the 8-point agenda of PBBM. Catalytic development program or project, is an ongoing or proposed program or project of an agency
with total investment cost greater or lower than P1 billion, and possesses one or both of the following characteristics: a0 Enhances socioeconomic
growth; and b) Induces crowding-in of resource flows. The details, including the investment targets and project cost are further defined in the
Regional Development Investment Program (RDIP) 2023-2028, which will be formulated in the First Semester 2023.
Promote Financial Inclusion and
Improve Public Financial
Management
Financial inclusion supports the groundwork for equitable economic growth and helps in achieving the
region’s development goals. It involves the provision of access to a wide range of financial services
that will improve the ability of Filipinos to meet financial goals, reach long-term aspirations, provide a
sense of control over their finances, and absorb and recover from financial shocks, especially those in
the vulnerable and marginalized sectors.

The region’s socioeconomic development needs in the post-pandemic era will be financed by a
simplified tax system and a more efficient tax administration through the adoption of digital
technology. Management of public funds will be improved to ensure its equitable, prudent, transparent,
and accountable allocation and use.

Assessment and Challenges

There was a significant uptake of formal financial services in 2021,218 however, financial
exclusion still persists, especially among the vulnerable and marginalized sectors of society.
Ownership of formal financial accounts in the country almost doubled in two years, from 29
percent in 2019 to 56 percent in 2021. Bank account ownership grew to 23 percent in 2021 from
12 percent in 2019. Electronic money or e-money accounts are now the most owned at 36 percent
in 2021, four times the ownership in 2019 at eight percent.

A significant number of account owners use e-money for payment-related transactions (78%),
higher than those who use their accounts for savings. Of those who owned mobile phones with
internet connection, 60 percent had online financial transactions like fund transfers and online
payments, a considerable jump from 17 percent in 2019.

Ensuring consumer protection capabilities and resources is now heavily stressed with increasing
digitalization of financial transactions and growing patronage of electronic banking services.
Prevalence of online scams and susceptibility to cyber threats became even more apparent during
the pandemic.
Financial exclusion still affects millions of Filipinos in the lower income classes and those who are
unemployed, less educated, and belonging to the younger generation. Informal workers, micro,
small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), and smallholder farmers and fisherfolk are the most
financially excluded.219 Farmers or workers in the agricultural sector are the most financially
excluded with 73 percent having no accounts.220

While there is no regional disaggregation for these indicators, Northern Mindanao likely mirrors
the country performance on financial inclusion or lack thereof.

Major hindrances to owning financial accounts or accessing lending services in financial

institutions include lack of documentary requirements, lack of or insufficient money to open and
maintain accounts, and lack of awareness and knowledge on financial products and services. The
Philippine Identification Card (PhilID) under the Philippine Identification System (PhilSys)
addresses the first concern as this is already sufficient sole proof of identification.221 The Land Bank
of the Philippines partnered with the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) to issue transaction
accounts to un-banked PhilID registrants, free-of-charge and with no maintaining balance.
However, release of the PhilID has been slow (See Chapter 15).

In Northern Mindanao, the number of commercial bank branches per 100,000 adults slightly
decreased to 12.3 in 2021, from 12.4 in 2019. In contrast, the number of automated teller machines
per 100,000 adults increased to 19.2 in 2021 from 18.6 in 2019.

The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) also reported an increase in the number of non-bank
financial institutions222 at 914 in 2021 from 805 in 2019. Microfinance borrowers decreased by half
in 2021 (6,615) from 2019 (12,237), which translated to a decrease in outstanding amount of
microfinance loans from PHP314.8 million in 2019 to PHP137.5 million in 2021.

Taxes and customs collections grew but missed the targets in 2020 and 2021 due to the
pandemic. Growth in the region’s tax collections averaged 0.72 percent from 2017 to 2021.
Declines in collections were recorded in 2018 and 2020 due to the implementation of the Tax
Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion Act, where personal income tax rate reduction resulted in
foregone withholding tax collection, and the socioeconomic effects of the coronavirus
(COVID-19) pandemic, respectively.

In 2021, the region’s customs collection reached PHP35.5 billion, 154.8 percent higher than in
2017 but 3.6 percent short of its 2021 annual target of PHP36.8 billion. It can be recalled that the
Development Budget Coordination Committee reduced the collection targets of the Bureau of
Customs (BOC) for 2021 considering the pandemic’s expected impact on trade volume to the
country.

Average dependency rate of Region X’s local government units (LGUs) to the National Tax
Allotment (NTA) ranged from 60 to 66 percent in 2016 to 2021. In 2021, about 36 percent of
LGUs in the region were still heavily reliant on the NTA (previously Internal Revenue Allotment),
with dependency rates of above 90 percent. Most of these LGUs were in the 4th to 6th income class
category. With the implementation of full devolution policy, the LGUs now have more financial
resources to implement priority development programs and projects at the local level
(See Chapter 15).

Limited absorptive capacity and inefficiencies in government systems hinder the timely
completion and delivery of priority programs and projects in the region. From the second to
the fourth quarters of 2021, Region X posted an average of 36.9 percent fund utilization rate among
24 implementing agencies223 that submitted their Regional Project Monitoring and Evaluation
System (RPMES)224 status reports. Only 21 agencies submitted in the first quarter of 2021,
averaging 31.84 percent fund utilization.

Delays in the implementation of programs and projects due to the impact of Typhoon Odette in
2021, strict implementation of quarantine measures due to COVID-19, procurement delays,
failure of biddings, and road right-of-way concerns, among others, contributed to the low fund
utilization of regional line agencies.

Better performance is recorded in terms of the overall agency budget execution performance.
Decentralized agencies225 in the region obligated a total of 93.93 percent226 of their total FY 2021
budget. Disbursement rate against obligation was 84.79 percent.

There has been a decreasing trend in the approval or funding rate of the Regional Development
Council of Northern Mindanao (RDC-X) endorsed budget proposals of agency regional
offices, government-owned and controlled corporations, and state universities and colleges.
From 2018 to 2021, the region experienced a gradual decline in the approval rate of the RDC-X
endorsed budget from 67.55 percent to 32.46 percent in 2018 and 2021, respectively. However, in
terms of the nominal value of budget received annually, the region’s share increased on the average
by PHP977 million per year.
Strategy Framework
In the next six years, the region will implement strategies that will promote financial inclusion and
improve public financial management (Figure 12.1). Financial inclusion will be broadened and
deepened by providing universal access to a wide array of financial services and promoting
financial literacy to all consumers. Financial innovation will also be accelerated by pursuing
inclusive digital finance.

Along with the need to generate adequate revenue to fuel the economy, the government will ensure
efficient, responsible, and disciplined management and utilization of government funds. Hence,
the region will support and implement initiatives aimed at establishing a productive, equitable, and
simple tax system; strengthening local government finance; and improving public financial
management of regional line agencies.
Strategies
Outcome 1: Financial inclusion broadened and deepened
Financial inclusion involves the provision of access to a wide range of financial services, including
savings, financing, credit, insurance, payments, and remittances, especially those in the vulnerable
and marginalized sectors. Financial inclusion aims at improving the ability of individuals and
communities to build financial resilience and meet financial goals.

Improve access to financial services to include the vulnerable and marginalized

sectors

The region will continue to support the implementation of strategies to promote financial
inclusion through the RDC-X, in line with Resolution No. 64 (s. 2022) “Supporting and Adopting
the Implementation of the National Strategy for Financial Inclusion (NSFI) 2022-2028 and
Memorandum Circular No. 97 (s. 2022) on Institutionalizing Whole-of-Government Support for
the NSFI 2022-2028.”

The RDC-X will push for the review of existing formal financial banking policies that may be
considered barriers to financial inclusion, especially to low income-earning individuals. This
includes high maintaining balance requirement and high interbank transaction fees, particularly
from a savings account to other online banks/facilities, among others.

The agriculture sector and MSMEs, considered as underserved sectors, are also recognized as
strategic markets of the financial sector.227 Government banks and financial institutions will extend
loan programs to MSMEs, particularly those that were badly hit by COVID-19. The region will
support the review of existing policies on securing loans to consider a possible shift from collateral-
based to character-based lending to increase access and borrowing opportunities, especially to
those with low assets and credit. Parallel to this effort is the development of a credit registry or
database to collect information on creditworthiness of borrowers, both individuals and firms.

Agriculture insurance and microfinance will be expanded through private sector participation.
Currently, the Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation is the sole agricultural insurance provider
in the country (See Chapter 7).
The Government Service Insurance System (GSIS), Social Security System (SSS), and Philippine
Health Insurance Corporation (PHIC) will expand coverage and provide the necessary safety nets
and social protection programs, especially to internally displaced persons and vulnerable groups
(See Subchapter 6.2).

Promote financial literacy

The region will empower consumers, especially the MSMEs, younger generations, and the
vulnerable and marginalized sectors, through financial and digital literacy programs of the BSP
and the Region X offices of the Cooperative Development Authority, Department of Trade and
Industry, and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The National Economic and
Development Authority Region X (NEDA-X), in partnership with the BSP–Cagayan de Oro
Branch, SEC–Cagayan de Oro Extension Office, and the academe, will sustain the conduct of
Economic and Financial Literacy and Investor Protection Week every second week of November.
The government will improve and adopt various platforms or strategies for more effective
awareness or information, education, and communication campaigns and programs on financial
products and services, and frauds and scams. This includes the conduct of barangay or
community-based orientations and fora in local dialects.

Likewise, banks and non-banks, public and private financial institutions, such as the Government
Service Insurance System, Social Security System, Pagtutulungan sa Kinabukasan: Ikaw, Bangko,
Industriya at Gobyerno, and National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation, and private insurance
and microfinance companies, will intensify awareness campaigns on their financial products and
services. The government will also push for the inclusion of financial literacy in school curricula at
all levels, from basic to higher education (See Subchapter 4.2). Financial education, which is a basic
life skill, thus, teaching personal financial management at an early age empowers the youth to
become more responsible adults.

Outcome 2: Financial innovation accelerated and strengthened

With the rapid evolution of financial environment—from traditional to cash-lite and digitalized
systems—the government will capitalize on this progress and provide more opportunities to the
underserved and unserved. Moreover, a safe and sound financial system is essential in accelerating
financial inclusion.
Promote and pursue inclusive digital finance

The Cagayan de Oro and Ozamiz Branches of the BSP will strongly promote and pursue inclusive
digital finance through the automation and digitalization of financial transactions like digital
banking and the use of e-wallets and financial technologies.

Inclusive digital finance will be enhanced with the implementation of PhilSys. The PSA-X and BSP
will strengthen the promotion of PhilSys in the financial sector and fast-track the release of the
physical and ePhilID cards (See Chapter 15).

The RDC-X, with the BSP and the Department of the Interior and Local Government of Region X
(DILG-X), will enjoin all LGUs to participate in the implementation of the Paleng-QR Ph program
in the region. The BSP and DILG jointly developed the Paleng-QR Ph program, which aims to
promote cashless payments in public markets and local transport. The program is one of the
priority initiatives under the NSFI 2022-2028.

Pursue more robust consumer protection policies

The BSP and SEC-X, as financial regulators, will implement and enforce the Financial Products
and Services Consumer Protection Act as a comprehensive legal framework for promoting
financial consumer protection by all financial service providers in the region. With increasing
patronage in digital finance, the region, through the convergence of efforts of the BSP, SEC-X,
CDA-X, and the Department of Information and Communications Technology of Region X
(DICT-X), will also pursue more robust consumer protection policies against frauds, scams, and
cybersecurity threats (See Subchapter 14.1).

Improve internet connectivity and affordability

Digital finance requires stable and affordable internet connectivity. Hence, the DICT-X, in
partnership with the private sector, will provide the necessary digital infrastructure support to cater
to the growing needs on technology-driven financial and other services (See Chapter 13).

Outcome 3: Productive, equitable, and simple tax system established

The region, through the RDC-X will support tax reforms that will facilitate the generation of
sufficient revenue needed for the economy to recover from the adverse impact of the pandemic.
Pursue reforms in tax policy and administration

The RDC-X will lobby for and support the immediate passage of one of the remaining packages of
the tax reform program. A house bill on Real Property Valuation Reform or Package 3 of the
Comprehensive Tax Reform Program (CTRP) has been filed, which aims to promote the
development of a just, equitable, and efficient real property valuation system.

Streamline and fully automate major processes in tax and customs

administration

The Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) and BOC will continue to improve its revenue mapping and
collection systems through digitalization towards efficient and seamless processes and payments
services.

Existing tax rules of the BIR will be simplified to increase compliance to tax laws and regulations.
The BIR-Revenue Region 16 will also sustain implementation of priority programs such as the Run
After Tax Evaders, Tax Compliance Verification Drive, and Oplan Kandado. The BOC will also
strengthen its implementation of the National Single Window on automated and integrated
licensing, permit, clearance, and certification system.228 Republic Act 11032 or the Ease of Doing
Business and Efficient Government Service Delivery Act will guide the bureaus in streamlining
processes and regulations.

Outcome 4: Local government finance strengthened

With the ongoing implementation of the full devolution policy, improving local revenue
generation is essential to augment and further fund the devolved functions. Exercising fiscal
discipline in resource allocation and spending is crucial for the region in ensuring that adequate
and quality basic services and facilities are provided to its constituents.

Strengthen LGU tax administration and local revenue generation to implement

devolved functions

The Bureau of Local Government Finance Region X, through its Local Finance and Administration
Program, will continuously capacitate LGUs on tax administration and collection. There is also a
need for the timely updating of local revenue codes (LRCs) as required by the Local Government
Code of 1991. The LRC reflects the tax policy of an LGU and guides the administration and
generation of local revenues.
The LGUs will strengthen revenue collections and run after delinquent taxpayers. Real property
values will be updated through Package 3 of the CTRP, while the idle land tax will have to be
adopted by the LGUs. The LGUs will conduct inventory of idle lands.

The LGUs will improve operational and financial management of local economic enterprises to
boost their income, thereby engendering self-reliance and decreasing NTA dependency. They will
also establish electronic business one-stop shops per Joint Memorandum Circular (JMC)
No. 01 (s. 2021), which provides the guidelines for processing business permits, related clearances,
and licenses in all cities and municipalities. In partnership with the DICT-X, the LGUs will
automate their Business Processing and Licensing Systems with functionalities such as online
submission of business permit applications, digital payment options, and issuance of electronic
versions of permits, licenses, or clearances (See Chapter 15). The emergence of COVID-19
amplified the need for automation of services.

Region X LGUs will be encouraged to adopt and venture into Public-Private Partnerships in
financing programs and projects, particularly the devolved functions. The RDC-X Committee on
Devolution (ComDev) will spearhead capacity building activities for the LGUs, which will include
project proposal preparation (See Chapter 15).

In parallel, the Local Government Regional Resource Center–Multi-Stakeholder Advisory Council

Region X and the Project Development Assistance Center for Northern Mindanao (PDAC-X),
which are both inter-agency bodies will provide assistance to the LGUs. The PDAC-X, a unit
established under the RDC-X will provide technical assistance to the regional stakeholders on
project planning and development, project appraisal, review and evaluation, and project fund
sourcing.

Support and assist LGUs in upholding the practice of fiscal discipline,

transparency, and accountability

In line with Executive Order (EO) 138 (s. 2021), the RDC-X Committee on Devolution will assist
the LGUs in identifying programs and projects that support national and regional development
objectives and targets. Programs, activities, and projects (PAPs) identified in the LGUs’ devolution
transition plan (DTP) will be prioritized as aligned with the local development plan, Local
Development Investment Program, and the Annual Investment Program, as well as, concerned
regional line agency DTPs with devolved functions.
The Regional Project Monitoring Committee in Region X (RPMC-X), the monitoring arm of the
RDC-X, will continuously push for the organization of Local Project Monitoring Committees in
all LGUs of the region to monitor programs and projects implemented at the sub-regional level
per EO 376 (s. 1989), as amended by EO 93 (s. 1993). The RPMC-X, with the NEDA-X as Chair
and Secretariat, will continue to capacitate the LGUs along monitoring and evaluation (M&E)
using the RPMES.

The region will also continue to assist and guide the LGUs by implementing capacity building
activities such as the Department of Budget and Management’s Public Financial Management
Competency Program and the DILG’s Capacity Development Activities on Strengthening Local
Finances and Increasing Fiscal Autonomy under the Support to Local Governance Program.

Push for the periodic updating of the LGU Income Classification

The RDC-X will support the review and periodic updating of the income classification of LGUs,
which is seen to reinforce the implementation of the EO 138 (s. 2021) that started in 2022. Its
updating will result in improved access to programs and projects and increased loan uptake by the
LGUs. The LGU income classification, among others, serves as the basis in imposing tax ceilings
and determining financial capability to implement PAPs and capacity to pay-off loans.

Outcome 5: Public financial management of regional line agencies

improved
Public financial management ensures the efficient, equitable, transparent, and accountable
allocation and expenditure of public funds. With the tight fiscal space of the national government,
the agencies must exercise prudent and disciplined management of public funds. The government
will pursue reforms and implement strategies with the end goal of improving the quality of life of
the people through better management and use of government funds.

Support reforms and continue to implement interventions to improve public

financial management

The RDC-X will support the passage of the Budget Modernization Bill, which seeks to
institutionalize reforms in the Cash Budgeting System and Public Financial Management (PFM).
Reforms in the PFM will institute fiscal discipline to ensure that budget proposals of agencies will
undergo extensive preparation and will be implemented on time.
Improve efficiency and accountability in the use of public funds

The Commission on Audit Region X will continuously capacitate agencies to strengthen their
competencies along budgeting, procurement, cash management, accounting, and auditing.
Government agencies will ensure that proposed programs and projects for funding are
implementation-ready (e.g., no right-of-way issues, among others).

The RDC-X will continuously strengthen its budgeting process at the regional level, as well as,
ensure horizontal and vertical alignment of planning to investment programming and budgeting
across all levels. The RDC-X Advisory Committee229 will push for the funding of programs and
projects that are responsive to the needs and thrusts of the region.

The RPMC-X will continue to enhance capacity of regional line agencies on M&E using the
RPMES and the Innovative Platform for PPA’s Location Assessment, Monitoring, and Budgeting
for Development Planning and Governance (IPA-LAMDAG) System. It will be the main web-
based platform for the RPMES in the region (See Chapter 17).

Push for the review of the procurement law

The region through the RDC-X will support the review of the Government Procurement Reform
Act (RA 9184) and its Implementing Rules and Regulations to address procurement delays and
other issues. This review will recommend actions to streamline requirements in registering to the
Philippine Government Electronic Procurement System and encourage more local suppliers to
participate and register in the system.

The law will also be reviewed and amended to rationalize rules and regulations, thereby allowing
electronic transactions to improve efficiency and responsiveness to the new normal
(See Chapter 15).
Legislative Agenda
To fully realize the sector’s outcomes, reforms are needed in the financial sector, government’s
fiscal management, and taxation scheme. Some of these reforms are already part of the national
legislative agenda, which the RDC-X is supporting. Table 12.1 below shows some of these needed
reforms.

RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
AGENCIES/ENTITY
Government Financial This bill will allow the Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP) and DBP, LBP,
Institutions Unified Landbank of the Philippines (LBP) to extend loan programs to qualified Department of
Initiatives to Distressed micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), especially those that Finance (DOF),
Enterprises for were badly hit by COVID-19. Banko Sentral ng
Economic Recovery Pilipinas (BSP),
(GUIDE) In 2020, about 6,050 firms in the region either permanently/temporarily Security and
closed or have retrenched workers because of the pandemic (See Exchange
Chapter 8). Hence, the passage of this bill will help MSMEs in the region Commission (SEC),
to recover by providing them more access to financial assistance. This Department of
will also boost their competitiveness, thereby revitalizing Northern Trade and Industry,
Mindanao’s economy. Regional
Development
Council of Northern
Mindanao (RDC-X)
Integration of Financial Financial literacy is the ability to make sound decisions in terms of Department of
Literacy in the managing, budgeting, and spending or investing finances. Education,
education system and Commission on
workplace Hence, the region will support legislations that aim to institutionalize Higher Education,
integration of financial literacy in all levels of the education system Department of
(basic, higher, technical and vocational education), as well as, in the Labor and
public and private workplace. Employment,
Technical Education
and Skills
Development
Authority, BSP, SEC,
Civil Service
Commission, RDC-X
Review and updating of The region will continue to support the review and updating of the LGU DOF, RDC-X
Local Government Unit Income Classification. The last income classification was issued in 2008
(LGU) Income per Department of Finance (DOF) Department Order No. 23-08 effective
Classification 29 July 2008, which deviates from prevailing economic and financial
conditions of the LGUs.

The LGU income classification, among others, serves as the basis in

imposing tax ceilings, and determining financial capability to implement
 RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
AGENCIES/ENTITY
programs and projects, and capacity to pay-off loans. Its updating will
result in increased access to programs, projects, and loans that can be
granted to the LGUs.

On 08 October 2020, the Regional Development Council of Northern

Mindanao (RDC-X) passed Resolution No. 71 (s. 2020) requesting the 18th
Congress to fast-track passage of senate and house bills
institutionalizing LGU Income Class amid the Mandanas-Garcia Ruling
implementation in 2022.
Real Property Valuation Real Property Valuation and Assessment Reform Bill (Package 3 of the DOF, Bureau of
and Assessment Comprehensive Tax Reform Program) aims to strengthen tax collection Local Government
Reform Bill through the regular valuation of real properties using improved valuation Finance (BLGF),
standards. This will broaden the tax base used for property and property- RDC-X
related taxes of the national and local government, improving tax
collections without increasing the existing tax rates or imposing new
taxes.

The passage of this bill will strengthen local revenue generation and
increase revenues from real properties. This will, therefore expand ability
of the LGUs to provide the necessary basic services to the local
constituents.
Budget Modernization In line with the government’s thrust for more efficient, transparent, and Department of
Bill accountable delivery of public services, there is a need to pass a Budget Budget and
Modernization Law that will modernize budgetary practices in the Management (DBM),
Philippines. It is an encompassing reform initiative covering the entire RDC-X
budget process—from budget planning to budget execution, tracking, and
so forth. This will institutionalize the Cash-based Budgeting System under
Executive Order No. 91 (s. 2019) and Tax Package 3: Valuation Reform Bill.

This will improve the RDC-X’s process on the review and endorsement of
annual budgets of agency regional offices, state universities and
colleges, government-owned and controlled corporations, and other
government instrumentalities.
Amendment of the The review of RA 9184 and its Implementing Rules and Regulations will be DBM, Commission
Government conducted to ensure that procurement is more efficient, thereby on Audit,
Procurement Reform addressing delays both in implementation of programs and projects and Government
Act (RA 9184) in the delivery of public goods and services. This is in pursuit of an Procurement Policy
improved public financial management (See Chapter 15). Board, RDC-X
Research Agenda

RESPONSIBLE
RESEARCH AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
AGENCIES
Review of the Formal The Macro and Development Administration and Economic BSP, RDC-X
Financial Banking Policies Development Committees of the Regional Development Council of
Northern Mindanao (RDC-X), during their respective third quarter
2022 meetings, recommended for Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP)
to review the existing formal financial banking policies that may be
considered barriers to financial inclusion, especially to low income-
earning individuals (e.g., high maintaining balance requirement, high
interbank transaction fees, particularly from a saving account to
other online banks/facilities, among others).

Existing policies on securing loans will likewise be reviewed to

consider possible shift from collateral-based lending to character-
based with the aim of increasing access and borrowing opportunities,
especially those with low assets and credit.

Results Matrix (Core Indicators)

ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
EOP
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCYa/
INDICATORS TARGET
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
(2028)
ENTITYb
Chapter Outcome 1: Financial inclusion broadened and deepened
Proportion of 55.6 ≥70.0 ≥70. 0 ≥75.0 ≥75.0 ≥80.0 ≥90.0 ≥90.0 National BSP,
adults (15 years (2021) Strategy for Philippine
and older) Financial Statistics
owning financial Inclusion or Authority (PSA)
accounts (at a Bangko Sentral
bank or other ng Pilipinas
financial (BSP) Financial
institutions or Inclusion
with a mobile- Survey
money service
provide)
increasedc
Number of 6,615 Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Agency Report BSP
from year-on- year-on- year-on- year-on- year-on- year-on-
microfinance (2021) baseline year year year year year year
borrowers figure
increased
Number of 80 Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Agency Report Cooperative
from year-on- year-on- year-on- year-on- year-on- year-on-
newly registered (2021) baseline year year year year year year development
cooperatives figure Authority
increased Region X
(CDA-X)
 ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
EOP
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCYa/
INDICATORS TARGET
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
(2028)
ENTITYb
Percentage of 60% 63% 66% 70% 74% 78% 80% 80% Agency Report CDA-X
compliant (2021)
cooperatives in
the region
increased (%)

Chapter Outcome 2: Financial innovation accelerated and strengthened

Volume of digital 30.3 50.0 52.0- 54.0- 56.0- 58.0- 60.0- 60.0- Payment BSP
payments over (2021) 54.0 58.0 62.0 66.0 70.0 70.0 System
total retail Oversight
payment Department
transactions in (PSOD)
the country Payment
increased (%)c/d Dashboard

Number of 216 221 226 231 240 250 260 260 Fintech Securities and
finteche (2022) Alliance Exchange
companies Commission
increasedc
Number of Local 0 Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Agency Report BSP,
from year-on- year-on- year-on- year-on- year-on- year-on-
Government (2021) baseline year year year year year year Department of
Units (LGUs) figure the Interior
with policy and Local
issuance(s) Government
incentivizing or Region X
mandating the (DILG-X)
use of Paleng-
QR Ph increased
Chapter Outcome 3: Productive, equitable, and simple tax system established
Revenue 11.61 15.68 17.79 20.18 22.89 25.97 29.46 29.46 Agency Report Bureau of
collections (2021) Internal
increased Revenue –
(in PHP billion) Revenue
Region 16
Customs 35.5 Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Increasing Agency Report Bureau of
from year-on- year-on- year-on- year-on- year-on- year-on-
collections (2021) baseline year year year year year year Customs
increased figure Region X
(in PHP billion)
Chapter Outcome 4: Local Government Finance Strengthened
Percentage of 23.47% 15% 15% 16% 16% 17% 18% 18% Seal of Good DILG-X
LGUs awarded (2019) Local
with Seal of Governance
Good Financial (SGLG) Results/
Housekeeping Local
increased Government
(province, city, Monitoring and
municipality)f Evaluation
Division report
Ratio of locally- 23% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% Agency Report Bureau of
sourced LGU (Q2 2022) Local
income to total Government
current Finance Region
operating X (BLGF-X)
income
maintained at
25%g
 ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
EOP
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCYa/
INDICATORS TARGET
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
(2028)
ENTITYb
Year-on-year 44% 14%g 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% 14% Agency Report BLGF-X
growth in social (Q2 2022)
and economic
service
expenditures of
LGUs maintained
at 14%g
Growth in 4% 4% 4% 12% 12% 12% 12% 12% Agency Report BLGF-X
locally-sourced (Q2 2022)
LGU income
improved (%)g
Chapter Outcome 5: Financial Management of Regional Line Agencies Improved
Utilization rate of decentralized agencies’ current year’s budget increased (Department of Public Works and Highways, Commission on Department of
Higher Education, Department of Education, Department of Health, Technical Education and Skills Development Authority, State Budget and
Universities and Colleges in Region X): Management
Obligation 93.93%h 95% 96% 97% 98% 99% 100% 100% Agency Report Region X
versus (2021)
Allotment
Budget
Utilization
Rate (BUR)
(%)
Disbursement 84.79%h 91% 92% 93% 94% 95% 96% 96% Agency Report
versus (2021)
Obligation
BUR (%)
a/
Agency accountable for delivering the outputs/achievement of outcomes.
b/
Lead agency responsible for reporting progress on indicator targets.
c/
National targets, only. No regional disaggregation.
d/
Refers to the percentage of digital payments volume over total retail payments volume where digital payment refers to a payment transaction between
two parties where both the payer and payee utilized digital payment instrument/channel in making the transaction. While retail payments refer to
payments that meet at least one of the following: (a) the payment is not directly related to a financial market transaction; (b) the settlement is not time-
critical; (c) the payer, the payee, or both are individuals or non-financial organization; or (d) either the payer, the payee or both are not direct
participants in the payment system that is processing the payment
e/
Financial technology or fintech is the term used to describe any technology that provides financial services through software, such as online banking,
mobile payment applications or even cryptocurrency (https://www.uschamber.com/co/run/business-financing/what-is-fintech)
f/
Annual targets are increasing but are set below the baseline value since the criteria of the SGLG and the SGFH is being updated and scaled-up
regularly.
g/
Targets were set by the BLGF Central Office per Memorandum dated 21 December 2022 addressed to BLGF-X, consistent with the Philippine
Development Plan 2023-2028 Targets.
h/
Excludes DPWH-X. No report was submitted to the DBM-X.
Major and Catalytic Programs and Projects 230

For the next six years, the region will sustain, enhance, and implement the following catalytic
programs and projects that will realize outcomes along promoting financial inclusion and
improving public financial management:

 Philippines Identification System (PhilSys) or the National Identification System (PSA-X,

BSP) (See Chapter 15);
 Economic and Financial Literacy Programs (BSP, CDA-X, DTI-X, and SEC-X);
 Local Finance Administration Program (BLGF-X);
 Support to Local Governance Program (SLGP): Capacity Development on Strengthening
Local Finances and Increasing Fiscal Autonomy (DILG-X);
 Public Financial Management Competency Program (DBM-X);
 Roll-out of IPA-LAMDAG System to Region X LGUs; and
 Integrated Business Processing System (iBPLS) (DICT-X).

218
2021 Financial Inclusion Survey, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas.
219
National Strategy for Financial Inclusion (NSFI) 2023-2028.
220
2021 Financial Inclusion Survey, BSP.
221
PSA Advisory with Reference No. 21CRS02-05-0798, dated 19 May 2021 and BSP Memorandum No. M-2021-035.
222
The non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs) include microfinance non-government organizations, Non-Stock Savings and Loans Associations,
pawnshops, Money Service Business, among others.
223
Generated from the Innovative Platform for PPA's Location Assessment, Monitoring, Investment Programming, and Budgeting for Development
Planning and Governance (IPA-LAMDAG) System.
224
The Regional Project Monitoring and Evaluation System (RPMES) was established through Executive Order 376 dated November 2, 1989. It
monitors both the financial and physical performance of development programs and projects undertaken by national government agencies, LGUs,
state universities and colleges (SUCs) and government-owned and controlled corporations (GOCCs) at the regional, provincial, city, and municipal
levels.
225
Decentralized agencies monitored by the DBM-X: DPWH-X, CHED-X, DepEd-X, DOH-X, TESDA-X, and SUCs (BukSU, CMU, CPSC, NBSC,
NMSC, USTP).
226
Excludes DPWH-X. No report was submitted to the DBM-X.
227
National Strategy for Financial Inclusion (NSFI) 2023-2028.
229
RDC-X Advisory Committee is composed of the members of Region X Congressional Representatives and the RDC-X Executive Committee.
230
Major program and project (PAP) is defined as ongoing or proposed development program or project of an agency with total investment cost of at
least PHP1 billion and is aligned with the 8-point agenda of PBBM. Catalytic development program or project, is an ongoing or proposed program
or project of an agency with total investment cost greater or lower than PHP1 billion, and possesses one or both of the following characteristics: a)
Enhances socioeconomic growth; and b) Induces crowding-in of resource flows. The details, including the investment targets and project cost are
further defined in the Regional Development Investment Program (RDIP) 2023-2028, which will be formulated in the First Semester 2023.
Expand and Upgrade
Infrastructure
Infrastructure plays an important role in attaining the country’s long-term vision of a matatag,
maginhawa, at panatag na buhay. Reducing human inequalities and bridging infrastructure gaps,
particularly at the local level, are major goals of the region’s infrastructure sector. Establishing an
efficient, responsive, safe, and ecologically friendly built environment continues to be among the major
imperatives of the region.

For the plan period, the infrastructure sector will be expanded and upgraded alongside policy reforms
and improvements in governance at all levels to ensure efficient and effective plan implementation and
the timely completion of programs and projects.

Big-ticket projects that commenced implementation during the previous administration will be
completed under the Build Better More Program of President Ferdinand Marcos, Jr. More priority
infrastructure projects will be identified and implemented. The lead infrastructure agencies will
continue to expand and upgrade facilities and push for the funding and implementation of the
infrastructure sector plan of the region. This will be undertaken to support economic growth through
infrastructure development and promote public health and safety.

Infrastructure investments in transportation, information and communications technology, energy,

water supply and sanitation facilities, irrigation facilities, flood control and drainage system facilities,
and social infrastructure facilities, particularly in health, education, and solid waste management, will
be deliberately pursued to respond to increasing population needs, rapid urbanization, and emerging
growth areas.

Assessment and Challenges

Transportation
The Philippine transportation sector is the third largest contributor to the country’s
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The transport sector emitted an estimated 24.174 metric tons
(Mt) of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO2e) in 2010, making it the third largest emitting sector in
the 2010 national inventory next to energy and agriculture sectors. Within the transport sector, the
majority of GHG emissions were caused by road transportation with 21.243 Mt CO2e, or 87.877
percent of the transport sector total. This is followed by water-borne navigation and domestic
aviation, emitting 9.176 percent and 2.947 percent of the transport sector total, respectively.231
 In 2020, the transport sector represents the second largest contributor or 26 percent of the total
energy-related CO2 emissions after the power sector which contributes 51 percent of the overall
country’s GHG emissions.232 This is because the transport sector is still dominated by fossil fuels.

Transport safety is a primordial concern. Data from the Philippine Statistics Authority233 shows
that transport-related accidents registered an average of 11,612 deaths, which is almost two percent
of the 586,630 average registered deaths in the country from 2015 to 2019. Deaths are primarily
attributed to land transport accidents at 99.7 percent (11,579) of the total deaths (See Annex X).

In 2018, the Philippines recorded 12,487 road crash fatalities, which translates to the deaths of
more than 34 persons every day or more than one person every hour. The number of fatalities has
also been increasing annually at an average rate of 7.55 percent from 2013 to 2018 (See Annex Y).

From 2017 to 2022, a total of 41,750 road-related incidents were recorded in Region X, with a
mortality rate of 5.71 percent or 2,386 deaths. Among provinces, Misamis Oriental posted the
highest number of incidents and deaths at 8,580 and 660 persons, respectively. Among highly
urbanized cities, Cagayan de Oro City had the highest number of road-related incidents at 13,039
with 301 deaths.

Land Transportation

Region X has the longest length of national roads among Mindanao regions. As of 18 October
2021, the total road length of national highways234 in Region X reached 1,977.53 kilometers (km).
This represents a share of 23.57 percent of the total length of national roads in Mindanao. Of the
total length, 37 percent (734.80 km) are primary roads, 23 percent (463.35 km) are secondary
roads, and 39 percent (779.38 km) are tertiary roads. Region X’s road density of 9.67
kilometers/square kilometer (km/sq. km) is slightly lower than Region IX’s 9.77 km/sq. km (Table
13.1).
 NATIONAL ROADS (km) ROAD DENSITY
REGION % SHARE
PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY TOTAL* (km/sq km)
Region IX 657.51 426.89 567.27 1,651.67 19.69 9.77
Region X 734.80 463.35 779.38 1,977.53 23.57 9.67
Region XI 469.75 869.03 365.50 1,704.28 20.31 8.34
Region XII 361.76 788.22 380.09 1,530.07 18.24 6.71
Region XIII 358.01 723.29 445.25 1,526.55 18.19 7.23
TOTAL (Mindanao) 2,581.83 3,270.78 2,537.49 8,390.10 100.00 8.34
% SHARE 37.16% 23.43% 39.41% 100.00%
* Does not include the length of bypasses and diversion roads constructed as these are not yet classified as national roads.
Source: Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) (http://www.dpwh.gov.ph/)

Almost all of the region’s national roads are paved (97.27%), with only 2.73 percent remaining
unpaved as of 18 October 2021. Paved roads comprised of mostly concrete (71%) and asphalt
(26%). Unpaved roads were either gravel or earth roads (See Annex Z).

From 1,971.06 kms in 2019 to 1,977.53 kms in 2021, a total of 6.47 kilometers were added to the
total road length of the region’s national highways.

In terms of surface conditions, national roads are mostly in fair (34%) to good (46%) condition.
Around 254 km (13%) of the total national roads traversing the region are in poor to bad condition
in 2021 (Table 13.2).

TYPE GOOD FAIR POOR BAD NO ASSESSMENT TOTAL % SHARE

Concrete 685.63 531.60 87.50 19.83 78.74 1,403.30 70.96
Asphalt 232.14 140.65 71.90 40.58 35.05 520.32 26.31
Gravel 0.73 8.43 6.64 19.65 10.32 45.77 2.32
Earth 0 0 0 8.14 0 8.14 0.41
TOTAL 918.50 680.68 166.04 88.20 124.31 1,977.53 100.00
% SHARE 46.44 34.42 8.40 4.46 6.29 100.00
Source: Department of Public Works and Highways (http://www.dpwh.gov.ph/)

The region has 423 existing national bridges, majority (420) of which are classified as permanent
bridges, built in concrete or steel. The combined length of these bridges is 17,561 lineal meters.
This is about 95 percent of what was committed for 2021 in the Regional Development Plan 2017-
2022 Midterm Update.

A total of 268 bridges (63%) are in good condition while 142 bridges (34%) are in fair condition.
Only 13 bridges (3%) are in poor to bad condition (See Annex AA).
The major roads and bridges infrastructure projects that have been implemented enhanced the
region’s internal and external connectivity. The Build, Build, Build (BBB) program during the
Duterte Administration, implemented eight infrastructure flagship projects in Region X. Three of
these are transport projects aimed at improving internal and external connectivity: the Panguil Bay
Bridge Project, Cagayan Coastal Road Project, and the Laguindingan Airport Development
Project.

Aside from the BBB projects, the region also implemented priority transport projects, one of which
is the Mindanao Logistics Infrastructure Network (MLIN). The road networks under MLIN will
enhance Mindanao’s agribusiness competitiveness through an intermodal logistics system that will
primarily address the high cost of transport and inadequate logistics infrastructure. The network
will strengthen inter-regional linkages between Region X and other Mindanao regions through
seamless transportation networks.

Panguil Bay Bridge Project. The Panguil Bay Bridge Project involves the construction of a 3.77-
km two-lane bridge that will connect Tangub City in Misamis Occidental and the municipality of
Tubod in Lanao del Norte. Once the project is completed in December 2023, the travel time from
Ozamiz City/Tangub City to Mukas/Tubod or vice-versa will be reduced from a maximum of 2.5
hours to roughly seven minutes passing through the said bridge.235

The project is expected to accelerate and sustain economic growth in the western section of
Northern Mindanao by providing direct and uninterrupted access from Cagayan de Oro City-
Tubod, Lanao del Norte to Tangub City and Ozamiz City and linking Region X to Pagadian City
and Zamboanga City in Region IX (Western Mindanao) and other growth centers, airports, and
seaports in Mindanao.

The bridge will also facilitate a more reliable and efficient transport of goods and services between
the two regions, thus, reducing transport costs of products to consumers. Completion of the bridge
will improve the growth of commerce, tourism, and agri-aqua- and agro-industries in Mindanao
regions.

Cagayan de Oro Coastal Road. The Cagayan de Oro Coastal Road consists of two sections: the
Gusa-Igpit Section and Puerto-Gusa Section, with a total length of 27.1 km. The road will help
decongest traffic along the Butuan-Cagayan de Oro-Iligan Road.
With a total length of 12.77 km, the Gusa-Igpit Section will reduce the travel time from Barangays
Gusa to Igpit from 1 hour to 20 minutes.236 Likewise, travel time from Barangays Puerto to Gusa
will be reduced from 1 hour and 30 minutes to 25 minutes once the Puerto-Gusa section is
completed,237 reducing travel costs by 30 percent.

Inter-regional road projects. To enhance connectivity with other regions, inter-regional road
projects were implemented and completed during the previous plan period under the MLIN
Program. These are road projects connecting the region to Regions XI, XII, and CARAGA region
(See Annex AB).

Road infrastructures are susceptible to weather-induced landslides. About 53 percent or 10,639

square kilometers (sq.km) of the total area of the region (20,186 sq.km) comprise an elevation
range of 500 to over 2,000 meters above sea level. The region is generally comprised of
mountainous areas. In terms of slope, 16 percent of the total area is hilly to mountainous areas
with 18 to 30 percent slopes. Rough, hilly, dissected mountainous terrain constituted about 15
percent, with areas ranging 30 to 50 percent slopes. The remaining 35 percent are areas with slopes
above 50 percent, which is classified as very steep and extremely mountainous areas.238 These
physical characteristics make the region highly susceptible to landslides.

Typhoon Odette which struck the region on 16 December 2022 caused an estimated PHP1.31
billion in damages. The bulk of damages were from the infrastructure sector amounting to
PHP627.87 million, of which PHP112.49 million or 11.42 percent was attributed to transportation.
These include damages caused by landslides in the secondary national highway, specifically along
Villanueva-Claveria in Misamis Oriental, and major damages in bridges in the municipality of
Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental, and Batangan Bridge in Valencia City, Bukidnon.239

From 24 to 26 December 2022, the region experienced heavy to torrential rains due to shear line
and wind convergence, which resulted in landslides, soil slope collapse, and major road slips on
national roads. Primary and major roads in the region were the most badly hit, including the: a)
Aglayan-Zamboanguita Road and Kapalong-Talaingod-Valencia Road in the province of
Bukidnon; b) Butuan City-Cagayan de Oro City-Iligan City Road and Gingoog-Claveria-
Villanueva Road in the province of Misamis Oriental; c) Oroquieta City-Calamba Mountain Road
and Calamba-Baliangao Road in the province of Misamis Occidental; d) Sta. Felomina-Bonbonon-
Digkilaan-Rogongon Road andIligan City Diversion Road in Iligan City; and e) Iligan City-Marawi
City Road, Lanao del Norte Interior Circumferential Road.240
Pervasive road right-of-way issues in road projects delay project implementation. Despite the
importance placed on infrastructure development, road right-of-way (RROW) issues continue to
plague the implementation and completion of infrastructure projects. These include issues and
concerns on RROW acquisition, such as informal settler families refusing to vacate properties
within the construction limits of the projects, affected individuals/families/entities demanding
exorbitant payments and other forms of compensation, presence of utilities (electric posts,
information, and communication technology-related facilities, such as fiber optic networks, and
water supply pipes), and conflicting tenurial claims involving ancestral domains, agrarian reform
areas, and military reservations, among others.

Republic Act No. 10752 (An Act Facilitating the Acquisition of the Right-of-Way, Site or Location
for National Government Infrastructure Projects, or the Right-of-Way Act)241 provides the
guidelines on RROW acquisition. However, certain processes must be streamlined and policies
need to be enacted to complement said law and expedite RROW acquisition.

In Region X, the issues encountered by implementing agencies in the RROW acquisition for
government projects are the following: a) difficulty in acquiring the services of an independent
property appraiser; b) numerous requirements and lengthy procedures in the processing of claims
for site acquisition; c) congested courts delaying expropriation proceedings; d) outdated zonal
valuations; e) non-implementation readiness of infrastructure projects; f) no existing guidelines in
the resolution of RROW issues related to water utilities; and e) RROW issues for cables installed
within national roads have been the principal cause of delays in the roll-out of critical backbone
and last-mile connectivity.

Increased motorization leads to congestion and increased GHG levels. In Region X, the annual
registration of motor vehicles in 2021 (558,261) grew by 22.91 percent from 454,199 in 2020. This
was attributed to the increases in registrations for renewal of private, for-hire, and government
vehicles (Table 13.3).
 MODE OF % CHANGE
CLASSIFICATION 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
REGISTRATION (2020-2021)
Private New 90,550 106,774 114,327 82,540 80,081 -2.98
Renewal 255,150 305,626 341,828 345,036 448,728 30.05
For Hire New 0 0 1 0 0 0
Renewal 21,848 25,131 25,135 21,545 23,465 8.91
Government New 509 561 479 671 675 0.60
Renewal 3,637 4,259 4,678 4,370 5,278 20.78
Diplomatic New 0 0 0 0 0 0
Renewal 4 8 13 17 16 -5.88
Tax Exempt New 0 0 0 0 0 0
Renewal 0 2 28 20 18 -10.00
Total New 91,059 107,335 114,807 83,211 80,756 -2.95
Renewal 280,639 335,026 371,682 370,988 477,505 28.71
GRAND TOTAL 371,698 442,361 486,489 454,199 558,261 22.91
Source: Land Transportation Office, Region X

According to the Follow-Up Survey on Roadmap for Transport Infrastructure Development for
Greater Capital Region conducted by Japan International Cooperation Agency in 2010, the daily
cost of traffic congestion in Metro Manila is PHP3.5 billion/day or USD66 million/day or PHP1.28
trillion/year. In six years, this is equivalent to the price tag of PHP8 trillion of the BBB Projects
under the Duterte Administration.242

The region’s transport sector is by far the top contributor of GHG emissions as its motor vehicles
are dominated by fossil-fuels. As of 31 December 2022, there are 6,806 public utility vehicles
(PUVs) registered in the region. Of these, only seven percent, or 481 PUVs, are modernized and
considered fuel efficient.

Republic Act No. 11697, otherwise known as the Electric Vehicle Industry Development Act
(EVIDA Act) that lapsed into law on 15 April 2022, provides the enabling environment for the
development of electric vehicles (EVs) to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Regulatory and
infrastructure support to provide an attractive market for EVs has yet to be carried out by
concerned agencies and local government units (LGUs).

Low compliance in preparing Local Public Transport Route Plans (LPTRP) is prevalent among
LGUs. The Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) and Department of
Transportation (DOTr) issued Joint Memorandum Circular (JMC) No. 001 (s. 2017), which
provides the guidelines on the preparation and issuance of local ordinances, orders, rules, and
regulations concerning the LPTRP. The plan analyzes public transport supply and demand and
identifies specific public transport supply gaps for travel that will rationalize the routes of PUVs,
thus enhancing mobility within the respective LGUs.

The Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board–Region X (LTFRB-X) reported the
region’s low compliance with said circular. As of 19 September 2022, only four of the 98 LGUs in
the region have approved LTPRPs. Fifty LGUs have submitted their draft plans - either on the first
or second draft-for review by the LTFRB-X, and 44 LGUs are undergoing plan revision based on
LTFRB-X’s evaluation. Among the challenges identified are the unwillingness of LGUs to prepare
LTPRPs and the lack or limited capacity of personnel to prepare said plan.

Poor intermodal transportation system/network affects safety and efficiency. Poor intermodal
integration among various modes of transportation persists. Without traffic survey data and an
LTPRP that will guide the rationalization of public utility vehicles, widespread competition among
PUVs is observed, as evidenced by overlapping routes. Moreover, operators of PUVs do not follow
a regular schedule in terms of headway of vehicles, hence, travel times using public transport is
unreliable.

In terms of quality, there are still decades-old PUVs that are operating and plying the region’s road
networks. These vehicles are deemed unsafe and inefficient in terms of fuel consumption.

Water Transportation

Shipping and trade performance of the region were affected by the pandemic, but recovery is
underway. In 2017 to 2019, shipping performance in the region demonstrated an increasing trend
in ship calls, volume of cargo, and passenger traffic. However, in 2020, maritime operations were
affected by quarantine restrictions imposed in various localities in the region due to the
coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.

Total ship calls declined by 44.53 percent, from 51,291 ship calls in 2019 to 28,454 ship calls in
2020. The slowdown was mainly caused by the reduction in domestic ship calls in 2020. The total
volume of cargo handled in the region’s ports decreased by 3.83 percent, from 15.17 million Mt in
2019 to 14.58 million Mt in 2020. Reductions in domestic inbound (13.38%) and outbound (7.96%)
cargoes and foreign exported cargoes (19.26%) were tempered by an increase in foreign imported
cargoes in 2020, which registered an 11.62 percent growth despite the imposition of community
quarantine.
The number of passengers in 2020 (2,346,841) significantly reduced by 74.92 percent compared to
2019 (9,358,123). The quarantine measures imposed in the country restricted non-essential travel,
which resulted in this decline (See Annex AC).

Domestic trade in the Philippines is heavily reliant on water transport. In 2019, more than 99
percent of the 25.89 million tons of commodities were traded via water transport, with only 0.03
percent via air.243 The top three commodities that were traded via water transport were: food and
live animals, manufactured goods classified chiefly by materials, and mineral fuels, lubricants, and
related materials. Regions with high trading activities using water transport include Central
Visayas, Northern Mindanao, National Capital Region, and Central Luzon.244

The region needs to expand its port infrastructure and improve connectivity. As the region
positions itself as an international gateway in Mindanao and the country, port infrastructure needs
to be expanded. Port development will be prioritized to accommodate the influx of passengers and
increasing cargo volume. New ports will be strategically developed and existing ports will be
revived to link the region to new growth areas in Visayas and Luzon. Connectivity in the Brunei-
Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East ASEAN Growth Area (BIMP-EAGA) will be explored to
harness tourism and trade potentials.

Air Transportation

Air traffic in Region X steadily increased since 2017 but sharply declined in 2020 due to
COVID-19 travel restrictions. From 2017 to 2019, air traffic in Region X was steadily increasing
in terms of the number of flights and passengers and the volume of cargo. Over the three-year
period, passenger traffic and cargo handled by all airports in the region registered an average
growth of 14.3 percent and 7.5 percent, respectively. In 2019, there were 23,504 flights in all
airports in the region serving around 2.7 million passengers and handling about 33 million
kilograms of cargo.

In 2020, air traffic and airport operations sharply declined as these were affected by travel
restrictions imposed during the quarantine period. Incoming and outgoing commercial flights
reduced by 0.07 percent from 8,284 flights in 2020 to 8,278 flights in 2021. This was mainly
attributed to the 76.79 percent decrease in commercial flights in Camiguin Airport, which ceased
operations in March 2020 and resumed only on 19 November 2021. As travel restrictions relaxed
amid a safe and calibrated re-opening of the economy, the air transport sector is slowly recovering.
When travel restrictions and documentary requirements were relaxed in 2021, total passenger
traffic slightly improved by 3.12 percent compared to that in 2020. Passenger traffic in
Laguindingan and Ozamiz Airports increased by 5.34 percent and 5.21 percent, respectively.

The volume of cargo in the region for both incoming and outgoing also declined by 14.5 percent
in 2021 compared to 2020 due to huge declines in cargo handled in all airports in the region (See
Annex AD).

The region needs to accelerate the improvement of existing airports and fast-track the completion
of ongoing airport development. Passenger traffic in the Laguindingan airport exceeded its
capacity by 0.2 million just a few years after its operation in 2016. Laguindingan Airport has a
design capacity of handling 1.6 million passengers a year. Thus, there is a need for a larger terminal
facility that could accommodate the current and expected passenger volume over the medium
term. In 2019, total passenger traffic reached 2.8 million.

As of 31 December 2022, three airports in the region have commercial operations. The
Laguindingan Airport in Misamis Oriental remains the primary gateway to and from Northern
Mindanao. The principal airports in Ozamiz City and Camiguin also serve as entry points to the
region from Luzon and Visayas. Bukidnon Airport is expected to serve as a regional domestic
airport with international standards once completed and operational in December 2025.

Information and Communications Technology

The digital divide is still wide, especially in geographically isolated areas. As the world becomes
more dependent on information and communications technology (ICT), broadband internet
access is deemed essential to economic growth as it facilitates the provision of education,
healthcare, and other basic services. Despite this growing acceptance, developing countries
continue to struggle in finding affordable and sustainable ways of providing access to digital
devices and broadband connections, particularly in underserved and unserved areas.

In Region X, only 75 percent of the total barangays (1,524 out of 2,022) have been reached by ICT
services as of fourth quarter of 2021. A total of 498 barangays (25%) have no access to cellular
mobile telephone services (CMTS) in the region. Nonetheless, the region also saw an increase in
the number of cellular towers due to the entry of a new telco player, DITO Telecommunity
Corporation. As of 31 December 2021, a total of 739 cellular towers, with a total of 2,145 cellular
base transceiver stations, were established in Region X. Further, several independent tower
companies established six common tower facilities to allow the speedy deployment of
communication infrastructure, thus, improving the delivery of ICT services to the public.

In 2019, the DICT, in partnership with the Philippine Statistical Research and Training Institute
(PSRTI), conducted the country’s first National Information and Communications Technology
Household Survey. The results showed that 82.3 percent of the 43,838 households surveyed across
the regions in the country have no internet access.245 Expectedly, the incidence of households
without internet is higher in rural areas than in urban communities. In Region X, 93.5 percent of
households surveyed have no access to such service.246

The slow roll-out of priority government ICT projects hinders the deployment of critical ICT
infrastructure. Since its implementation in 2017, the Free Wi-Fi in Public Places project of the
DICT-X has installed Wi-Fi hotspots in 9 cities, 69 municipalities, and 117 barangays in Region
X.247

However, during the fourth quarter of 2021, the said sites were temporarily shut down for way
upgrading. The resumption of Wi-Fi connectivity in these sites is expected to be implemented
within the planning period.

The DICT launched the country’s first National Broadband Plan (NBP) on 22 June 2017, which
serves as the blueprint for broadband development in the country. The NBP aims to accelerate the
deployment of fiber and wireless technologies nationwide to improve access, quality, and
affordability of broadband services. In the same year, the DICT and the state-owned firm, Bases
Conversion and Development Authority collaborated with Facebook to land the Pacific Light
Cable Network under the Luzon Bypass Infrastructure (LBI) project.

The LBI project aims to build an ultra-high-speed information highway to improve the speed,
affordability, and accessibility of broadband internet in the country.248 Connectivity for Visayas
and Mindanao will be under Phases 3 and 4 of the project which are targeted to be completed by
2023 and 2024, respectively. In Region X, the Integrated Government Philippines
(iGovPhil)/Regional Government Network Project, which involves the installation of a
75.1-kilometer fiber optic cable network that will interconnect government agencies located in
Cagayan de Oro City, has been marred by delays in procurement at the DICT Central Office.

Despite hailing technology as a critical component of economic recovery, government projects like
the DICT's National Broadband Plan, which intends to connect more Filipinos to the internet,
remain underfunded. Recognizing the growing demand for affordable and reliable access to
broadband, there is a need to set up critical ICT infrastructure and ensure that data transmission
is unrestricted and done in an efficient manner that will be beneficial to all. However, provisions
of this critical infrastructure, such as the implementation of the NBP, remains a challenge due to
budgetary constraints and the highly centralized processes of the DICT. This, coupled with the
reluctance of telecommunication companies to roll out infrastructure build-up in low-density
areas, exacerbates the already poor quality of broadband services in the country.

Outdated ICT policies are not responsive to current and emerging digital technologies. Several
studies249 have shown that the country’s telecommunications sector will benefit from the entry of
new players, both domestic and foreign. However, existing policies remain unfavorable to new
players.

Further, there is a need to improve spectrum allocation and management to ensure transparency,
thereby improving the quality of mobile broadband service. For example, RA 7925, or the Public
Telecommunications Policy Act of the Philippines, is still premised under the era of analog
telecommunications. The policy should have been updated to provide for a regulatory
environment, for existing and emerging digital technologies.

There is also a need to review and enhance the current spectrum management policy as it is
currently marred by a duopoly, taking over most of the spectrum used for mobile cellular
communications. Spectrum availability allows telecommunication operators to develop their
respective networks to improve service delivery to their customers. However, because it is finite,
there is a need to review existing policies to ensure that spectrum assignment is regulated and done
in an efficient and fair manner that will be beneficial to all. As of fourth quarter of 2021, PLDT
Smart holds most of the 2600-MHz frequencies and has a substantial share among the 700-MHz,
2100-MHz, and 3400-Mhz frequencies. Globe Telecom holds most of the 3500-MHz, 2500-MHz,
1800-MHz, and 900-MHz while having a substantial hold among the 2300-MHz, and 700 MHz
frequencies. The new telco DITO Telecommunity has a share of the 3300-MHz frequencies only
(Figure 13.1).
Source: 2021 National Frequency Allocation Table, National Telecommunications Commission

The lengthy permitting process constrains the rollout and establishment of critical ICT
infrastructure. The passage of RA 11494 or the Bayanihan to Recover as One Act calls for the
streamlining of permits to accelerate the deployment of critical ICT infrastructure, particularly
additional cell towers, equipment, software, and wireless technologies throughout the country to
address the need for digital connectivity. The law spurred the passage of two JMCs among the
Anti-Red Tape Authority, DICT, National Telecommunications Commission (NTC), DILG, and
other relevant agencies, which mandated the streamlining of permits for shared passive
telecommunications tower infrastructure, poles, and underground fiber ducts.

While these initiatives have facilitated the deployment of ICT infrastructure, there are still
challenges experienced by telcos in setting up telecommunications infrastructure because of the
lengthy permit application process. Challenges in the deployment and installation of fiber optic
networks in public roads due to right-of-way issues arise from a lack of coordination among
stakeholders (i.e., constructing entity, and telecommunications provider) during the planning
stage of the civil works project and during the implementation phase. Some LGUs still require local
permits such as local development council resolutions, and business permits, among others. This
is contrary to Section 7.1.5 of JMC 01 (s. 2021), which calls for the streamlining of permits and
clearances for the rollout of ICT infrastructure. Furthermore, the integration of road network
development plans with local development plans among utility providers, national government
agencies, and concerned LGUs has not yet been considered.

According to the LGU Telco Permit Monitoring System of the DILG Region X (DILG-X), 118
applications out of the 669 total applications received by LGUs for the establishment of
telecommunication infrastructures in Region X250 were pending as of 31 December 2022. Notably,
the validity of both JMCs is effective for three years from the effectivity of RA 11494 and will expire
by 11 September 2023.

Energy
Generation

Non-renewable energy sources in the region, which are leading contributors to GHG emissions
in the country, have increased. Energy generation capacity in Northern Mindanao grew at 19.7
percent annually from 2016 to 2021 due to the increase in the number of power plants that started
commercial operations in the past five years. As of 31 December 2022, the Mindanao Grid’s
dependable capacity maintains above 80 percent of the allowable threshold ratio between installed
and dependable capacity (See Annex AE).

The bulk of the region’s energy generating capacity comes from coal-fired power plants. Coal has
replaced hydro (32.01%) as the main power source, which comprised 55.96 percent of the
dependable capacity of the generation mix as of the third quarter of 2022. Northern Mindanao’s
non-renewable sources have increased to 67.17 percent leaving renewable energy at 32.83 percent
(See Annex AF).

The increased dependence on non-renewable sources, such as fossil fuels, raises the GHG
emissions of the sector, making it the leading contributor of GHG emissions in the Philippines
(69,667.24 gigagrams CO2e or 55% of the non-Land-Use Change and Forestry sectors as of 2010
as reported by the Climate Change Commission). Dependence on non-indigenous energy sources
also increases the region’s vulnerability to external factors that may contribute to the increase in
market prices of imported fossil fuels, consequently resulting in high electricity rates.

The lengthy and complicated permitting process for investments in energy projects, as well as,
the lack of a clear inventory of potential indigenous sources in the LGUs, hampers the
development of indigenous energy sources in the region. The Department of Energy (DOE) has
implemented measures to significantly cut its permitting process time to 25-30 working days based
on Executive Order (EO) 30 (s. 2017) which created the Energy Investment Coordinating Council.
However, acquiring permits from DOE is only a small part of the process. Acquiring Free Prior
Informed Consent from the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples usually takes almost a
year to process. Likewise, approving Land Use Conversion takes months, especially if the project
area is larger than five hectares, since it will be approved by the Department of Agrarian Reform
Central Office. These, among other permitting processes from other agencies and some LGUs, will
be rationalized.

The region has also benefited from Energy Regulations No. (ER) 1-94251 funds from power
generation companies across Northern Mindanao. Pursuant to Section 5(i) of Republic Act 7638
otherwise known as the Department of Energy Act of 1992, which provides that the Department
shall devise ways and means of giving direct benefits to the province, city, or municipality, especially
the community and people affected, and equitable preferential benefit to the region that hosts the
energy resource and/or the energy generating facility. Through this, ER 1-94 was made into policy
under RA 7638 and the Electric Power Industry Reform Act (EPIRA) of 2001, which stipulates that
host communities will get a share of one centavo per kilowatt-hour (PHP0.01/kWh) generated by
power plants operating in its areas. It is a program intended to recompense the contributions made
by the communities hosting energy resources and/or energy-generating facilities.

Aside from the benefits to host communities, the Regional Development Council of Northern
Mindanao (RDC-X) also has a share amounting to PHP22.003 million (PHP8.64 million in
Electrification Funds; PHP5.35 million in Development and Livelihood Funds; and PHP8.00
million in Reforestation, Watershed Management, Health and/or Environment Enhancement
Fund)252 as of 17 April 2020. The RDC-X appropriated this fund to four non-host LGUs in Region
X per guidelines set in the RDC-X Resolution No. 30 (s. 2019). The four non-host LGUs are the
cities of Malaybalay in Bukidnon and Oroquieta, Ozamiz, and Tangub, in Misamis Occidental.253
Among the four LGUs, Oroquieta City got the biggest share at 26.05 percent (Table 13.4).

Non-Host LGUs Amount (in PHP) Percentage Share (%)

Malaybalay City 5,688,007.00 25.85
Oroquieta City 5,732,014.80 26.05
Ozamiz City 4,931,073.00 22.41
Tangub City 5,652,800.77 25.69
TOTAL 22,003,895.57 100.00
Note: Computed by RDC-X Secretariat based on the RDC-X approved criteria and the data provided by Department of Energy
Transmission

Obstruction of the Power Line Corridor and peace and order issues still threaten transmission.
Transmission lines are still affected by obstruction issues where landowners refuse access to
transmission towers to clear vegetation and other hazards within the power line corridor. Threats
and isolated cases of bombings from armed groups in some areas of the region are still evident.
The bombing at Kauswagan, Lanao del Norte on 24 October 2022 disrupted the delivery of
electricity to seven electric cooperatives (ECs) in Mindanao, three of which are in the region:
Misamis Occidental I Electric Cooperative (MOELCI I), Misamis Occidental II Electric
Cooperative (MOELCI II), and Lanao del Norte Electric Cooperative (LANECO). Rotational
brownouts were implemented in the areas served by these ECs. The NGCP was able to fully restore
the line after 36 hours. If such persists, the reliability of electric services in the region will be greatly
affected.

The rapid growth of Mindanao and the increase in investments in energy projects will require
more capacity and transmission lines for the National Grid Corporation of the Philippines
(NGCP). The NGCP has successfully completed the Mindanao 230kV Backbone project, which
helped address energy reliability issues in the region. The GNPower Clean Coal-Fired Plant in
Lanao del Norte is connected to the said line. With the continuing growth of the region,
particularly the metropolitanization of Cagayan de Oro, increase in transmission capacity to
ensure continued growth in the region is needed.

Distribution

Accessibility, peace and order, and right-of-way concerns plague completion of sitio254
electrification. Despite the full energization of the 2,022 barangays in Northern Mindanao, there
are still 1,707 sitios, or 16.04 percent of the potential number of sitios in the region that have yet to
be energized, particularly those located in conflict-affected and Geographically Isolated and
Disadvantaged Areas (GIDAs). Some of these sitios are only accessible by foot after a day or two of
hiking, which, along with peace and order concerns and right-of-way issues, discourage
distribution utilities (DUs) and ECs to cover said areas.

With the influx of coal-fired power plants in the region, electricity rates have been steadily
increasing due to the rise in the cost of imported fossil fuels. With rising dependence on non-
indigenous sources, the region is exposed to external factors that may cause increases in energy
prices. This can be seen with the substantial increase in generation charges passed on by DUs and
ECs to their consumers. A sharp increase in electricity rates was seen in 2022 due to the market
disruptions caused by the Russia-Ukraine war, which consequently led to much higher coal and
fuel prices globally. On average, the residential electricity rates in the region grew by 7.37 percent
from 2017 to 2021 and abruptly grew by 23.78 percent in 2022 from 2021 (See Annex AG). The
generation rate grew at an average of 14.67 percent annually from 2017 to 2021 and 34.69 percent
from 2021 to 2022 (See Annex AH).

Seven out of the ten DUs and ECs in the region are compliant with the Energy Regulatory
Commission’s (ERC) systems loss cap. Camiguin Electric Cooperative (CAMELCO), First
Bukidnon Electric Cooperative (FIBECO), and MOELCI I have exceeded the systems losses capped
by ERC for ECs at 12 percent. Misamis Oriental I Electric Cooperative (MORESCO I) consistently
has low systems loss because a large percentage of its load is supplied to a large industrial customer.
Misamis Oriental II Electric Cooperative (MORESCO II) has improved its systems loss from 12.49
percent in 2018 to 9.22 percent in 2022. LANECO has also improved its systems loss from 12.21
percent in 2021 to 9.00 percent in 2022. On the other hand, Bukidnon Second Electric Cooperative
(BUSECO)’s systems loss increased from 8.07 percent in 2018 to 9.26 percent in 2022. The two
private DUs in the region (Cagayan Electric Power and Light Company and Iligan Light and
Power, Inc.) have consistently maintained systems loss lower than ERC’s cap of 8.50 percent (See
Annex AI). High systems loss in the distribution systems of the ECs and DUs would entail higher
systems loss charges passed on to consumers, as well as, regulatory penalties and financial burdens
for the ECs and DUs.

Net-metering is not yet widely used in the region. Net metering, is a billing mechanism that
allows electricity customers with installed solar photovoltaic systems to sell their generated surplus
back to the grid. This is an incentive scheme for customers who will opt to install renewable energy
systems in their properties. However, the lack of information on the requirements and benefits of
net metering, as well as, the reluctance of some DUs and ECs to implement hampers the
widespread use of this mechanism.

Net-metering is not yet widely used in the region. Net metering, is a billing mechanism that
allows electricity customers with installed solar photovoltaic systems to sell their generated surplus
back to the grid. This is an incentive scheme for customers who will opt to install renewable energy
systems in their properties. However, the lack of information on the requirements and benefits of
net metering, as well as, the reluctance of some DUs and ECs to implement hampers the
widespread use of this mechanism.

The passage of RA 11285 or the Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EE&C) law is a boost in
energy conservation efforts in the region. With the passage of said law, energy efficiency and
conservation is institutionalized. It will also enhance the efficient use of energy and incentivize
energy efficiency and conservation projects. The EE&C law strengthens the enforcement of energy
efficiency and conservation initiatives that the previous policies lack.

Water Resources
The absence of a water regulatory body has resulted in a fragmented regulatory framework and
weak enforcement of water-related laws, affecting water supply and irrigation. There are several
government instrumentalities handling water resource concerns, resulting in a fragmented
regulatory framework. Weak cooperation among water agencies, regulatory bodies, and LGUs
have also resulted in weak enforcement of water-related laws in the country (See Chapter 16).255

Universal access to safe water sources for drinking water and sanitation remains a pipe dream.
Further, the sustainable use of water for irrigation is challenged by changing climatic conditions
and the increasing needs of the agriculture and industrial sectors.

Water supply and sanitation facilities

Potable water and sanitation remain inaccessible to some families in the region. In terms of
access to drinking water by service level, 94.3 percent of the 1.168 million families in the region
enjoy a basic level of drinking water from an improved source as of 2020. This is 0.4 percentage
point (ppt) better compared to the country’s 93.9 percent average. Compared to 2017, the region
has improved by 0.3 ppt. However, around 1.6 percent of families in the region accessed drinking
water from unimproved sources.256

About 82.5 percent of families in Region X have access to improved service level of sanitation
facilities as of 2020. This is better than that of the country’s 80.3 percent for the same year, and an
improvement on the 77.8 percent in 2017. However, 1.2 percent of families in the region still
practice open defecation.

The Mandanas-Garcia Ruling per Executive Order 138 (s. 2021) opened an opportunity for LGUs
to finance local water infrastructure services that would enhance access to improved water and
sanitary facilities.

Irrigation facilities

The region’s irrigation development is moving at a slow pace. The level of irrigation
development in the region stands at 67.6 percent as of 31 December 2021. This is equivalent to
82,116 hectares of service area out of the potential irrigable area of 121,512 hectares. For the period
2016-2021, potential irrigable areas posted a 2.61 percent average annual growth rate (AAGR). The
region still has 39,396 hectares or 32.4 percent of potential irrigable areas that are yet to be
developed, the bulk of which is in Bukidnon at 35,227 hectares, or 89.4 percent.

Executive Order No. 138 (s. 2021) also mandates the LGUs to finance local infrastructure services,
including irrigation facilities, from their increased National Tax Allocation.

The region’s irrigation facilities are not resilient against the impact of disasters. The region’s
infrastructure services, including irrigation, are affected by the increasing intensity and frequency
of disasters. With the onslaught of Typhoon Odette on 16 December 2021, the region’s irrigation
subsector incurred PHP71.26 million in damages and PHP59.23 million in losses, with an assessed
need of PHP196.21 million for rehabilitation and recovery.

Flood Control and Drainage System Facilities

Flood control projects are being implemented in the region to address climate-induced
disasters, such as flooding and storm surges. As reported in the Innovative Platform for PPA's
Location Assessment, Monitoring, Investment Programming, and Budgeting for Development
Planning and Governance257 system, 79 flood control projects are being implemented in the region
with a total cost of PHP12.784 billion. As of 31 December 2021, a total of 63 projects have been
completed. For drainage, the DPWH-X implemented a total of 18 projects in the region with a
total cost of PHP409.657 million; 12 of these were already completed as of 31 December 2021 (See
Annex AJ).

The impact of TY Odette in December 2021 revealed the vulnerability of the flood control facilities
in the region with a reported cost of damage at PhP441.39 million and an estimated need for
rehabilitation at PhP753.14 million (See Chapter 16).

One of the major flood control projects being implemented in the region is the Flood Risk
Management Project for Cagayan de Oro River (FRIMP-CDOR). This aims to improve the
resilience of communities along the Cagayan de Oro River against climate change and other hydro-
meteorological hazards by mitigating flood risk in the area. The project involves the
implementation of structural and non-structural measures along said river. Implementation of
civil works for FRIMP-CDOR started in 2019 and the project is expected to be completed by end
of 2023. As of 31 December 2021, the physical accomplishments of the project are 91.28 percent,
100 percent, and 77.26 percent for packages 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
The Cagayan de Oro Urban Drainage System Project is another major project implemented by the
DPWH-X. The project covers the catchment areas of Sapang, Carmen, Bitan-ag, and Kolambog
Creeks in Cagayan de Oro City. As of 31 December 2021, the project has an overall physical
accomplishment of 80.84 percent. Road right-of-way is a persistent issue that hampers the timely
implementation of said project.

Social Infrastructure
Health Facilities

Public health facilities258 remain inadequate. Of the 72 hospitals in the region, 21 are managed
by the government. Private hospitals (51) outnumbered government hospitals. The disparity is
more noticeable in Level I and II hospitals259 where the number of private hospitals is two to four
times that of the government’s (Table 13.5). Access to health services, such as ambulance and
patient transport services, is also limited, particularly for patients in remote, conflict-affected areas,
and underserved communities (See Subchapter 4.1).

CATEGORY GOVERNMENT PRIVATE TOTAL PERCENT SHARE

Level I 15 31 46 63.89
Level II 5 19 24 33.33
Level III 1 1 2 2.78
Total 21 51 72 100.00
Source: Department of Health Center for Health Development - Northern Mindanao (DOH CHD-NM)

The overall Rural Health Unit (RHU)-to-population260 ratio fell short of the ideal 1:20,000 from
2016 to 2021, despite the additional 29 RHUs constructed. Based on the National Health Facility
Registry (NHFR),261 a total of 107 RHUs have been established in the region as of 31 December
2022. Thus, an additional 156 RHUs need to be constructed in order to achieve the recommended
RHU-to-population ratio of 1:20,000 or a total of 263 RHUs. Correspondingly, there is also a need
to increase medical personnel to ensure the operation of said facilities.

In the region, only 1,316 out of the 2,022 barangays have Barangay Health Stations (BHSs). An
additional 706 need to be established to attain the target 1:1 proportion of BHS per barangay.

The hospital bed-to-population ratio remains below the World Health Organization (WHO)
recommended ratio. Aside from the total number of established and licensed health facilities, the
number of hospital beds is also a good indicator of health service availability. Health experts agree
that the availability of more beds is better for the population.262
The bed-to-population ratio in Level I, II, and III hospitals in the region are not compliant with
the WHO recommended ratio of two beds per 1,000 people.263 Figure 13.2 shows the actual
population per hospital bed ratio for 2016-2021, which worsened in 2019-2020 at 11,820 people
per hospital bed for Level III facilities.

Source: Department of Health Center for Health Development - Northern Mindanao (DOH CHD-NM)

As of 31 December 2022, the NHFR registered 2,001 authorized beds for Level I hospitals, and
2,615 and 430 for Level II and III hospitals, respectively. To meet the population demand by 2025,
the Philippine Health Facilities Development Plan 2020-2040 reported that the projected need for
hospital beds are: Level I with 9,060 beds; Level II hospitals with 3,640 beds; and Level III hospitals
with 3,376.

The limited number of specialty centers in the region hinders patients’ access to specialized
care. The Department of Health (DOH) Department Order No. 2021-0001, issued on 04 January
2021, designated selected DOH hospitals as Specialty Centers. In the region, the designated
hospitals are the Northern Mindanao Medical Center with 14 specialty centers, 264 and the Mayor
Hilarion A. Ramiro Sr. Medical Center with one specialty center.265 Full implementation is targeted
by 2025. The establishment of these specialty centers will greatly benefit patients with more
complex medical treatment needs (See Subchapter 4.1).

Limited access to broadband and mobile telecommunication services in hospitals impedes the
provision of telemedicine services. Most hospitals in the region have limited access to broadband
and mobile telecommunication services, especially for public health facilities located in unserved
areas including Convergence Areas for Peace and Development. Thus, there is a need to enhance
access to these services as part of improving the services being provided by the healthcare industry.

Educational Facilities

Classrooms and school buildings are inadequate due to increasing student population and low
budget allocation. As of 31 December 2021, the classroom-to-learner ratio for the
primary/elementary public schools was 1:34, which does not comply with the standard 1:30 ratio.
Both the Junior and Senior High Schools were at 1:52, also below the standard ratio of 1:35.

The persistent shortage of classrooms can also be attributed to the low budget allocation for
classroom construction. Budget allocation of the Department of Education Region X (DepEd-X)
for its Basic Educational Facilities Funds sharply declined in 2019 by 85 percent to PHP516.67
million from PHP3.4 billion in 2018. It failed to rebound in 2022 with only PHP165 million
approved budget under the General Appropriations Act. This limits the DepEd-X in providing
financial assistance to LGUs in the construction of additional classrooms. Based on the 2023
Teacher Need Analysis, the region has a backlog of 4,038 classrooms. As indicated in the Fiscal
Year 2023 National Expenditure Program, only 379 classrooms were allocated in the region. Since
2020, the DepEd has shifted its priorities to conduct blended mode of learning to accommodate
the current needs of the learners and teachers under the new normal setting.

The inadequacy of basic facilities, such as water and sanitation and electricity connection in
public schools, results in an unfavorable learning environment for learners. As of 31 December
2021, the region reported a backlog in the provision of these facilities in its 1,903
elementary/primary schools.

Only 96.01 percent of said schools have handwashing stations and toilets. Insufficient water supply
is prevalent especially schools located in areas where water supply facilities or sources are scarce.
A total of 87 or 4.6 percent of schools still have no access to water.

In addition, while the percentage of schools with electricity connection was 96.22 percent, there
are still 75 public elementary/primary schools that do not have access to electricity.

The absence of ICT facilities, such as computers and internet connection, hinders learning
among students and widens the digital divide in education. The DepEd Computerization Project
(DCP) aims to provide public schools with appropriate technologies that would enhance the
teaching-learning process and meet the challenges of the 21st century. This program addresses the
computer backlog of public schools by providing them with hardware, software, and training on
simple troubleshooting.

As of 31 December 2021, a total of 8,132 computer packages were distributed to schools in the
region. These computer packages are used not only for curriculum purposes but it can also be
intended for administrative use. However, some of these recipient schools have no access to
internet connectivity as this is not included in the DCP. The funding for internet connectivity is
sourced from the school’s maintenance and other operating expense funds, which is oftentimes
limited, particularly in schools located in GIDAs. Meanwhile, 45 out of 2,512 schools in the region
have not yet benefited from the DCP.

Solid Waste Management Facilities

Waste disposal facilities remain inadequate and unable to cope with the increasing rate of
waste generation. In 2021, an additional 17 units of material recovery facilities were established,
bringing the total to 1,761, which provided services to 1,788 barangays or 88 percent of the total
barangays (2,022) in the region. Although the region's solid waste diversion rate increased from
2017 to 2022, the rate of 68 percent in 2021 was still below the EOP target of 75 percent. Thus, this
highlights issues with the implementation of RA 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management
Act of 2000. (See Subchapter 4.3)

To address issues on inadequate facilities, concerned LGUs have identified sites for the
establishment of additional sanitary landfills (SLFs). However, these sites are not suitable. Of the
93 city and municipal LGUs in the region, only 30 LGUs (32.25%) are being served by SLFs. The
low level of establishment of SLFs is mainly attributed to the non-suitability of areas proposed by
the LGUs after the assessment made by the Mines and Geoscience Bureau Region X (MGB-X) and
Environmental Management Bureau Region X (EMB-X). The concerned LGUs have attempted
several times to find the ideal sites for SLFs but failed to pass the MGB and EMB assessments. The
suitability of SLF sites is provided under the National Solid Waste Management Commission
Resolution No. 64-201, adopting the Modified Guidelines on Site Identification Criteria and
Suitability Assessment Procedure for Sanitary Landfills.

Aside from the unsuitability of areas to put up additional SLFs, some LGUs are also financially
constrained, which hindering the construction. Some LGUs with pipelined SLF constructions had
to realign their 2020-2021 budgets to the COVID-19 pandemic response. Others are still struggling
given the low Internal Revenue Allotment, especially for 5th to 6th Class municipalities. The
estimated cost for the construction of a Category I SLF, assuming that no stringent engineering
measures are required to be incorporated in the design, entails a budget of at least PHP3.0 million
for the initial construction of a single cell, which can be used for 2-3 years only.

Strategy Framework
Figure 13.3 depicts the strategy framework for expanding and upgrading infrastructure for 2023-
2028. This is aligned with the strategy framework of the Philippine Development Plan 2023-2028,
which aims to bring back the country on a high growth path and spur economic transformation
for a prosperous, inclusive, and resilient society. This transformation supports the attainment of
the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and is critical in achieving the country’s long-term
vision of a matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na buhay para sa lahat.

The infrastructure strategy framework will contribute to the attainment of the region’s vision of
becoming an international gateway, leading agricultural hub, and major industrial, tourism, and
trade center in the Philippines. Likewise, the framework supports the plan’s pillars of developing
and protecting the capabilities of individuals and families, as well as, transforming the production
sectors to generate more quality jobs and competitive products. Among the bedrock strategies in
attaining these is to expand and upgrade infrastructure.
Strategies
Outcome 1: Transport connectivity and efficiency improved
A seamless transportation network is needed to boost internal and external connectivity, which, in
turn, will facilitate inclusive trade and efficient circulation of people, commodities, and services
within the region. Towards this, continuing investments in land, water, and air transportation will
be pursued. Strategies to improve the efficiency of transportation services and operations will be
adopted to improve the region's investment climate and promote economic expansion.

Promote sustainable low-carbon alternative fuels in the transport sector

Incentives will be provided to operators to increase the uptake in low-carbon alternative fuels
through the Department of Trade and Industry–Board of Investments (DTI-BOI) and in
coordination with other relevant national government agencies. Financial support and incentives
will be offered by the DOTr-LTFRB to small-scale operators to adopt sustainable operations.

The implementation of the Auto Liquefied Petroleum Gas (AutoLPG) Program will be continued.
The program promotes the use of LPG in vehicles and other related applications as a clean
alternative technology and ensures energy security through the diversification of fuel for the
transport sector.

An AutoLPG Technical Working Group in Region X, which will serve as the policy and
coordinating body in promoting the use of AutoLPG fuel in the region, will be created to fully
operationalize the program. This will be spearheaded by the DOE, together with concerned
agencies in compliance with Joint Administrative Order (JAO) No. 01 (s. 2016). The JAO aims to
harmonize AutoLPG-related policies, rules, and guidelines, and establish mechanisms for
collaboration, cooperation, and coordination in promoting the use of AutoLPG fuels.

For maritime transport, the DOTr, the Maritime Industry Authority, and the Philippine Ports
Authority will adopt and implement measures to increase energy efficiency in the shipping
industry. The MARINA will shepherd the implementation of the Maritime Industry Development
Plan (MIDP) 2019 to 2028 to provide a clearer path to a sustainable maritime industry. It shall also
prioritize efforts on establishing a system that would make the country’s ships and ports compliant
with international marine environment protection standards.
In the aviation sector, the Philippines is pursuing decarbonization in the commercial aviation
sector with the use of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). The SAF is an environmentally friendly
substitute for conventional jet fuel. It draws energy from many different sources, including
discarded vegetable oils, home garbage, waste gases, animal fats, forestry byproducts, and even
carbon dioxide that has been directly drawn out of the atmosphere. The Civil Aviation Authority
of the Philippines (CAAP) is working with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
by adopting Resolution A37-19 to address the environmental effects of aviation. Said resolution
enjoins the sector to promote sustainable growth of aviation through the adoption of appropriate
technology and standards, and on operational and market-based measures to reduce emissions.

Land Transportation

Shift to higher-capacity modes of transportation that enhance energy efficiency while

providing high levels of mobility and safety

The efficiency of the transport sector will be improved through the increased uptake of alternative
fuels and providing incentives to operators to adopt cleaner energy for their operations. Concerned
national government agencies such as the DOE, DOTr, DTI, Department of Science and
Technology, Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), DPWH, DILG, and
National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) will provide enabling mechanisms to
implement RA 11697, or the Electric Vehicle Industry Development Act to accelerate the
development, commercialization, and utilization of electric vehicles (EVs) in the country. This
includes infrastructure support such as charging stations and the promotion of local EV industry.

The expansion or shift to more efficient mass and alternative transport systems will be pursued.
Modernization to higher-capacity modes of transport, such as metro rail transit (MRT), light rail
transit (LRT), and bus rapid transit (BRT), and cable car transport will be strongly considered by
the DOTr and the local government units. The continued use of conventional public utility
jeepneys will be rationalized to consider their cultural significance.

Ensure safe and secure transportation for the general public

Safety design features must always be integrated into the design of roads, bridges, and other
transportation infrastructure managed by the DPWH. To reduce the number of road-based
accidents, the LGUs, together with the DPWH, will install speed limit signs and traffic signages
along national and local roads. The LGUs will pass local ordinances indicating the classification of
roads, applicable speed limits, and other traffic codes for the safety of road users within their
jurisdiction.

The transport system in the LGUs will be rationalized to enhanced mobility, environmental
sustainability, economic growth, social inclusion, reduced traffic congestion, and better land use
planning. The completion of the LPTRPs by the LGUs will be fast-tracked by capacitating them on
Transport Planning and Management. A well-planned public transportation route network allows
for efficient and convenient movement of people within a city or region. It provides accessibility
to various destinations such as residential areas, commercial centers, educational institutions,
healthcare facilities, and recreational areas. This promotes mobility for all individuals, including
those without access to private vehicles, thereby reducing traffic congestion and improving overall
transportation efficiency.

Modernization of public transportation will be sustained through the Public Utility Vehicle
Modernization Program (PUVMP). The PUVMP is a flagship program in the land transport sector
with the DOTr-LTFRB as the lead implementing agency. It supports a large-scale transformational
plan towards a restructured, modern, well-managed, and environmentally sustainable transport
sector. The program envisions the drivers and operators to have a stable, sufficient, and dignified
livelihoods. The program also supports commuters so that they may arrive at their destinations in
a timely, safe, and comfortable manner.

Strategic transport hubs for intermodal transport systems will also be established to provide a safe
and integrated transit venue for the commuting public. Major ports and airports in the region will
be interconnected with land transport terminals to facilitate seamless inbound and outbound
travel.

Both public and private motor vehicles that are more than 15 years old will be phased out, as these
are deemed unsafe and considered as highly-pollutive.

Expand and improve road facilities for active transport

Active transport and the use of non-motorized transport and personal mobility devices (PMDs)
will be promoted by integrating active mobility transport infrastructure into road constructions.
Off-carriageways in road infrastructure will be improved and bike lanes will be imposed in
strategic areas in the region, particularly in key cities. The use of bicycles and PMDs is anticipated
to rise as alternative travel modes. Hence, the DPWH-X and LGUs will redesign roads to encourage
walking or bicycling to increase the mobility of commuters. This will counter the surge in private
vehicle use, ease traffic congestion, and reduce air pollution.

Sustain road connectivity programs

While the region has high road density, connectivity must be improved to link production areas
to the market (i.e., farm-to-market roads), provide access to tourism areas, and facilitate the
delivery of goods and services in industry and trade. The following convergence programs will
continue to be implemented to improve inter- and intra-regional linkages:

 Farm-Market-Roads (FMR);
 Tourism Road Infrastructure Program (TRIP);
 Road Connectivity for Industry and Trade Development Roads Leveraging Linkages for
Industry and Trade 2.0 Logistics Efficiency and Transport Seamlessness to Enhance
Agribusiness Trade (ROLL IT 2.0 - LETS EAT);
 Road networks leading to military camps through the Tatag ng Imprastraktura para sa
Kapayapaan at Seguridad (TIKAS);
 Roads to conflict-vulnerable/affected, and geographically-isolated and disadvantaged areas
through the CAPDev Program; and
 Mindanao Logistics Infrastructure Network (MLIN).

Explore and adopt mobility management strategies

The following strategies will be pursued by concerned LGUs, national government agencies, and
the private sector to reduce the necessity for travel. These mobility management strategies will help
reduce congestion, particularly in high-density urban areas where work-related trips and economic
activities are high:

 Implement alternative work arrangements (See Chapter 15);

 Employ parking and land use management (See Subchapter 4.3);
 Provide incentives for employers using the most efficient transport option for their
employees, such as carpooling; and
 Promote more accessible land use patterns by the LGUs. This will be done through
adopting walkable cities. This will reduce the dependence on cars and promote sustainable
transportation options. Walkable cities encourage walking as a viable mode of
transportation to alleviate traffic congestion. By providing safe and convenient pedestrian
 infrastructure, people are more likely to choose walking for shorter trips, reducing the
number of cars on the road and improving traffic flow for those who rely on vehicles.

Incorporate climate change adaptation measures in road projects

The design and location of road transportation infrastructure are affected by environmental
changes, such as more frequent and severe weather occurrences. Failing to take these into
consideration may cause transportation expenditures to increase in the long run and may fail to
achieve their intended purpose. Hence, concerned implementing agencies such as the DPWH and
LGUs will conduct geo-hazard assessments of areas where road projects are proposed. The
proposed road projects shall be designed with complete facilities following the DPWH Design
Guidelines, Criteria, and Standards set for highway designs.

Environmental adaptation strategies will be adopted for existing road projects. These include
measures such as reforesting high elevation and sloping areas to prevent a road section from being
damaged by landslides. Calibrating engineering specifications for road design to suit the
geographical conditions of road projects will be adopted.

Both engineering and non-engineering climate change adaptation measures will be applied in
designing road projects. Engineering measures include mandating protective structural structures
such as the provision of drainage and slope protection measures. Non-engineering measures
include increasing maintenance budgets in areas where climate change impacts are more
pronounced. This will allow more intensive supervision and monitoring of the most vulnerable
areas to minimize, if not prevent damages by landslides or other weather-related events.

Water Transportation

Expand and upgrade existing base ports and sustain implementation of roll-on roll-
off ports

Existing base ports in the cities of Cagayan de Oro, Ozamiz, and Iligan will be upgraded by the
DOTr and the Philippine Ports Authority (PPA) to address future demands. Existing base ports
will be complemented through the expansion of terminals and other government ports to
decongest passenger and cargo traffic, particularly in the Opol Port and Balingoan Port in Misamis
Oriental, and Benoni Port in Camiguin.

The implementation of the roll-on roll-off (RORO) systems in the region will be sustained to
reduce costs of inter-island transportation and boost trade and tourism in the region. The roro
terminals in Benoni, Guinsiliban, and Balbagon in the province of Misamis Oriental, and in Mukas
in the province of Lanao del Norte will be sustained and upgraded to expand market linkages and
stimulate economic development in the region. The LGUs in partnership with the private sector
will be encouraged to invest in the construction of the RORO terminals and acquisition of RORO
vessels.

The Mindanao Container Terminal will be expanded to cater the increasing volume of cargoes and
support the region’s vision of becoming an international gateway and trade center in the country.

Develop new ports in strategic locations

To address congestion and port capacity issues, the region will push for the construction of
additional seaport facilities to handle the increasing volume of ship calls and cargoes in the
municipalities of Laguindingan and Medina in Misamis Oriental, and in strategic locations in
other provinces of the region. Revival of existing ports that will enhance trade and tourism services
between Visayas and Northern Mindanao will also be explored, such as the Plaridel Port in
Misamis Occidental for shipping specifically to Siquijor or other ports in Visayas.

Boosting potential economic activities between BIMP-EAGA countries will be pursued. This will
be done through the establishment of a new port that will take advantage of this opportunity by
the DOTr and the PPA. The proposed establishment of an international port in Sultan Naga
Dimaporo in Lanao del Norte with corresponding support infrastructure will strengthen physical
and economic linkages among the growth centers in Mindanao, the rest of the country, and the
BIMP-EAGA.

Develop new waterways transport system

The region will develop coastal and inland waterways transport system such as river ferry system
and cruise ships to increase the efficiency, safety, and utility of transport in highly urbanized areas
in line with the MIDP 2019 to 2028. These waterway transport systems will reduce traffic
congestion and improve connectivity by utilizing the coastal and inland waterways, which will be
an economical, efficient, safe, and environment-friendly alternative to land transport.

A ferry system within the Cagayan de Oro River will be established as targeted in the MIDP. Other
areas include Metro Manila through the Pasig River Ferry System; San Fernando City, La Union
to Dagupan City and Alaminos City, Pangasinan through the Tri-City Ferry System; Metro Cebu;
Tacloban City to Cabalawan, Tacloban (via San Juanico Strait); Surigao River; Metro Davao;
Manila – Subic; Manila – Batangas; Manila to Bulacan and Pampanga; and Manila to Calapan City,
Oriental Mindoro.

The country is envisioned to become a regional cruise center in Asia in the National Cruise
Tourism Development Strategy and Action Plan (NCTDSAP) 2016-2022 of the Department of
Tourism (DOT). The NCTDSAP will initially cover regions with ports that are ready to receive
cruise ships. These include the "Turquoise Triangle," which consists of Manila, Boracay, Caticlan
in Aklan, and Puerto Princesa in Palawan, and where the existing ports are reachable due to
geography and inter-port distances. Cagayan de Oro City is considered as potential Philippine
cruise destinations with Aparri, Batanes, Currimao/Salomague in Ilocos Norte, Cebu in Cebu
Province, Tagbilaran City in Bohol, and Davao City.

In order to provide more effective and secure cruise ship services, the region will establish and
enhance design and operational safety requirements for cruise ships and develop new cruise routes.
This will prepare the region for potential maritime tourism activities. Construction of cruise
terminal to cater to international cruise shipping will be pursued in strategic locations in the region
particularly within the Metropolitan Cagayan de Oro.

The MARINA-X will spearhead said activities in collaboration with agencies under the DOTr such
as Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) and PPA, and other concerned agencies like the DOT.

Air Transportation

Expand and upgrade existing airports and construct new ones

The DOTr and the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines Area X (CAAP-Area X), will
modernize air transportation facilities and fast-track the completion of ongoing airport
development projects in Camiguin and Ozamiz. The completion of the Bukidnon Airport
Development Project, as an additional airport in the region, is expected to start its commercial
operation in 2025.

The upgrading, expansion, operation, and maintenance of the Laguindingan Airport is crucial to
the development of Region X and is considered a priority catalytic project to support the region’s
vision of becoming an international gateway in the country. The project aims to increase the
airport capacity to 11.28 million passengers per annum by the end of the proposed concession
period of 35 years. The project will accommodate traffic growth to support the development of the
Cagayan de Oro-Iligan Corridor Growth Area.
Hence, acquiring an aero-dome certification266 by the CAAP-Area X will be pursued to ensure that
the Laguindingan Airport will meet the safety standards set by international and local airport
authorities.

Outcome 2: Access to ICT infrastructure improved

Information and communications technology (ICT) plays an important role in the rapid
technological progress and productivity growth in the country. The provision of accessible and
reliable broadband is a key enabler of economic growth and competitiveness. Therefore, the region
will pursue strategies that harness the potential of this sector, strengthen digital infrastructure, and
improve access, especially in unserved and underserved areas, including CAPDev areas.

Accelerate the deployment of common tower facilities

On 29 May 2020, the DICT released Department Circular No. 8 (s. 2020) or the Common Tower
Policy, which sets the guidelines on the co-location and sharing of telco towers for cell sites that
would provide quality, efficient, fast, affordable, and secure ICT services. The policy aims to widen
the base of common towers and, thus, speed up the deployment of internet across the country by
allowing and encouraging telcos and internet service providers to share cell towers. The DICT-X
will continue to monitor the implementation of said policy to accelerate the deployment of
common towers by independent tower companies, thereby improving the delivery of service.

The region will also encourage LGUs to identify areas that are conducive for establishing common
tower facilities in their comprehensive land use plans to ensure that broadband requirements in
local areas are addressed. Moreover, LGUs will implement measures that will streamline
permitting and clearance processes, such as the establishment of one-stop shops and imposition of
standardized fees for the deployment of common tower facilities in their areas.

Accelerate the deployment of critical ICT infrastructure through the National

Broadband Program and Free Wi-Fi in Public Places Project

Government investment in digital infrastructure will be targeted at network segments and areas
where the market fails to deliver. The NBP will be implemented to accelerate the deployment of
fiber optic cables and wireless technologies throughout the country, particularly in remote areas,
and to improve overall internet speed and affordability. The NBP will address the demand for
universal, faster, and more affordable internet access in the region.
The DICT-X will continue to deploy critical ICT infrastructure, through the Free Wi-Fi for all
Project to provide affordable and reliable connectivity, particularly in underserved and unserved
areas, including CAPDev areas in the region.

Improving access to digital connectivity is essential in accelerating the digital transformation of

governance, education, workforce, and communities across the country through a whole-of-
government approach. This is done using ICT to support the region’s digital workforce and
improve access to government services using e-government systems (See Chapters 5 and 15).

Strengthen engagement with the LGUs and provide technical assistance in the
establishment of Provincial Broadband Networks

To improve connectivity and reliability of data transmission from backbone networks to middle
and last-mile segments, the DICT-X with the LGUs will develop a Regional Network Plan for
Region X. Correspondingly, Provincial Broadband Networks will be developed to establish fiber-
optic loops within middle and last-mile segments to provide efficient data transmission and
redundancy along with different existing service providers. These loops, once established, will then
be linked to the national fiber backbone via the NBP. Partnerships between local service providers
and LGUs will be forged for the provision of the necessary fiber-optic networks. This will enable
the DICT to course its bandwidth and provide free public Wi-Fi access in the area.

Support policies that will spur the deployment of ICT infrastructure and enhance
competitiveness in the telecommunication sector

Considering the dynamic nature of ICT, a policy framework will be developed responsive to new
digital technologies which can improve access, quality, and cost of internet services. The proposed
framework will provide an enabling environment for telecommunication companies to introduce
new digital technologies that would improve access, quality, and cost of ICT services. Further, the
region will support policies aimed at improving the current spectrum management to ensure a
level playing field in the telco industry. The region will also lobby for Congress to amend Republic
Act 7925 or the Public Telecommunications Policy Act of the Philippines

Support an infrastructure-sharing policy to develop and spur the deployment of the

region’s ICT support and telecommunications network

The region will support policies that require utility service providers and government agencies to
synchronize the deployment of their infrastructures and allow utilities—such as telephone, cable,
internet, power, and water services—to relocate, and/or install their wire, cable, and piping system
underground.

The region will also support policy reforms that will address constraints in the permitting process
thus, allowing the deployment of ICT infrastructure in designated open public spaces. These policy
reforms will enable telcos to expand their networks to improve the quality and coverage of ICT
services, particularly in last-mile areas.

Outcome 3: Affordable, reliable, and clean energy provided

The energy sector is an important driver of industrial growth, providing fuel to power the economy
and facilitating the means of production and transportation. The provision of sustainable energy
is aimed at meeting the demand for energy without harming the environment, as well as,
minimizing the ill effects of climate change.

During the plan period, the region will implement strategies for energy generation and distribution
that are consistent with SDG 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern
energy for all. Towards this end, the region will strongly pursue the generation of renewable energy
from the region’s domestic sources in partnership with the private sector, implement reforms and
measures to facilitate the provision of affordable and reliable power, and ensure the energization
of uncovered sitios.

Fully implement the reforms stipulated in the EPIRA (RA 9136)

The challenge of bringing down high energy cost in Northern Mindanao can be effectively
addressed by fully implementing the comprehensive reforms stipulated in RA 9136 or the Electric
Power Industry Reform Act (EPIRA) of 2001. The said act seeks to promote competition,
transparency, and efficiency in the power sector.

The implementation of the Wholesale Electricity Spot Market (WESM) Mindanao,267 will promote
the transparency and cost-effective operations of energy players in Mindanao through
competition. The existing WESM Rules and Market Manuals will be implemented as specified in
Section 1.1 of the DOE Department Circular 2017-05-0009, creating an integrated electricity
market for the whole Philippines. This entails the application of the ERC-approved Price
Determination Methodology for pricing and settlement of electricity transactions in the Mindanao
Grid, as well as, the utilization of the Market Management System for determining dispatch
schedules.
The full implementation of WESM Mindanao will facilitate the implementation of the Retail
Competition and Open Access (RCOA)268 in the region. This would allow contestable customers269
the freedom to choose which electricity supplier to source power from. This option is currently
available for customers with loads of not less than 500 kilowatts (kW) in the Luzon and Visayas
grids. The ERC will push for the implementation of RCOA in Mindanao and further relax the
requirements for participation of end-users, along with allowing households and commercial
customers to have this option.

The Green Energy Option Program,270 which operates similarly to RCOA with an emphasis on
renewable energy sources, will also be implemented in Mindanao. This program empowers
consumers with demand of not lower than 100 kW to choose renewable energy as their preferred
power supply.

President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. during his first State of the Nation Address in July 2022 instructed
amendments to the EPIRA. This will be pushed by the DOE to address looming issues in the energy
sector. These amendments include strengthening the role of the ERC and synchronizing
transmission investments to avoid stranded power generation capacities, among others. By
strengthening the role of ERC, it will actively level the playing field for energy investments and
ensure a competitive market to attract more investors. Other amendments to address issues on
generation, transmission, and distribution will also be pushed by the DOE.

Generation

Strengthen the development of domestic energy sources in the region, particularly

renewable energy

To address the region’s growing reliance on non-domestic sources and fossil fuels, the region will
pursue the development of indigenous energy sources. Developing low-carbon energy sources will
reduce GHG emissions and address climate change issues. Through the DOE-DILG Joint
Memorandum Circular No. 2020-01, also known as the LGU Energy Code, the DOE and DILG
shall push for the inventory of potential indigenous energy sources in each LGU. With the
availability of this inventory, LGUs will be able to properly coordinate energy investment
opportunities through the DOE Investment Promotion Office or the Private-Public Partnership
Center, among others.
Address intermittency problems of renewable energy

Increasing the share of renewable energy in the energy mix would give rise to grid reliability issues
due to its intermittent nature. Energy generated from renewable sources is not continuous due to
external factors that cannot be controlled, such as weather and season. The DOE and the private
sector will address this intermittency concern by developing capacity markets271 to ensure reliable
and dependable capacity272 of generation plants.

The LGUs will conduct an inventory of potential indigenous sources273 in their respective area to
assist in diversifying energy production from different renewable energy sources. This will allow
leveraging the complementary characteristics of these energy sources such as compensating low
production from solar energy sources in a particular season with the production from wind power
farms.

The insertion of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in the grid will also be able to augment the
intermittency of renewable energy sources. BESS is a system of rechargeable batteries that can store
energy from different sources and discharge it when needed. This can provide backup power and
improve grid stability.

Harness alternative energy sources

The DOE will promote investments for identified indigenous energy sources in the region such as
the Balatukan-Balingasag Geothermal Prospect, solar projects in Misamis Oriental, Bukidnon and
Lanao del Norte, various hydro and mini-hydro prospective projects, and potential biomass and
wind power projects.

The DOE will also closely monitor developments in new technologies, policies, and studies that
will contribute to energy supply reliability in the region. Emerging technologies will be able to
diversify the energy sources in the grid and improve stability of supply.

Developments in liquefied natural gas (LNG), which has the least carbon emissions among fossil
fuels at about 40 percent less than coal and 30 percent less than oil, will also be explored. The
proposed 600-MW GNPower Kauswagan LNG combined cycle power plant in Barangay Tacub,
Kauswagan, Lanao del Norte, will be a good addition to the grid that will supply cheaper and
cleaner power supply in the region.
On the issuance of Executive Order 164 (s. 2022), adopting a national position toward a nuclear
energy program, the region will monitor developments regarding the inclusion of nuclear energy
in the mix.

The Metro Cagayan de Oro LGUs will also push for the development of a Waste-to-Energy (WtE)
plant to address concerns in energy supply and domestic solid waste management in the
metropolitan area. The appropriate WtE technology, which corresponds to the type of waste
generated in the area, will be studied by the LGUs. This can then be replicated in other viable areas
in the region.

Developments in other emerging technologies, such as hydrogen power plants, will be explored in
the region. Hydrogen power plants are touted to be game-changers in the power industry as these
plants are clean and sustainable, capable of energy storage and deployable to remote areas.
However, this is a new technology and wide adaptability and scalability of this technology is still
hampered by cost, infrastructure, and hydrogen production methods.

Streamline processes for energy projects in the region

With the amendment of Section 19(B) of the Implementing Rules and Regulations of the
Renewable Energy Act of 2008274 through DOE Department Circular No. DC2022-11-0034,275 a
hundred percent foreign capital in renewable energy is now allowed in the country. This
development is expected to result in an influx of investments in renewable energy projects. This
will likely lead to an increase in generation capacity, which would result in less dependence on
non-indigenous sources of energy, thus, reducing energy costs.

In preparation for the projected influx of investments, the DOE and other players in the energy
sector, through the Energy Investment Coordinating Council (EICC) will strengthen the
implementation of current policies to streamline the permitting process for all new energy projects
in the region. These include Republic Act 11032 or the Ease of Doing Business Law and RA 11234
or the Energy Virtual One-Stop Shop Act. While these policies improve the permitting process in
energy projects, the implementation and practices of various permit-issuing agencies will be
reviewed to ensure proper implementation. The EICC will further simplify approval processes and
harmonize the relevant rules and regulations of all government agencies involved in permit
issuance and regulatory approvals.
Transmission

Strictly implement Republic Act No. 11361 or the Anti-obstruction of Power Lines
Act

The strict implementation of RA 11361 will help enforce the NGCP’s right to maintain and clear
obstructions within the power line corridor (PLC). This will greatly improve reliability of
transmission line as NGCP will be able to proactively maintain these lines and avoid outages. The
LGUs will enact ordinances in support of this law and assist the NGCP in communicating with
property owners in the event of a refusal. The LGUs will also inform and educate their respective
constituents on the provisions and the benefits of this law.

The PLC constitutes the land beneath, the surrounding air spaces, and the area traversed by the
power line. It is classified into two, Vegetation, and Non-Hazardous Rigid Structure. The PLC is
determined by the Board of Electrical Engineers and approved by the DOE.

Complete the Mindanao-Visayas Interconnection Project

The NGCP will fast-track the completion of the Mindanao-Visayas Interconnection Project
(MVIP) which will facilitate market-driven power supply provision. Said project is set to
operationalize in 2023 and will unify the Mindanao Grid to the rest of the country. This will allow
sharing of energy sources throughout the network and will increase the reliability of supply
throughout the country. The MVIP will connect the Lala Converter Station in Lanao del Norte to
the Dumanjug Converter Station in Cebu using high-voltage direct current to ensure minimal
transmission loss.

Improve transmission reliability by constructing transmission lines and substations

in strategic locations

To proactively address load growth in the region in anticipation of the metropolitanization of

Cagayan de Oro City and its environs, new transmission lines and power substations will be
constructed by the NGCP. These transmission infrastructures should be strategically located to
ensure low transmission loss.

New transmission lines and substations will also be constructed throughout the region,
incorporating a strategically planned transmission backbone loop configuration with redundancy
measures to establish a robust and reliable transmission infrastructure in the region. The
implementation of transmission looping ensures seamless operation of the grid with the ability to
reroute power to alternative paths when necessary. Redundancy measures include incorporating
redundant components and backup mechanisms that will proactively mitigate the impact of any
potential equipment failures. This flexibility will minimize disruptions and maximize the overall
reliability of transmission network.

Distribution

Intensify electrification program in the remaining uncovered sitios

Sitio and household electrification efforts will be further amplified to reach far-flung areas that are
still not energized. The DOE and the National Electrification Authority will intensify the
Household Electrification Program276 and utilize the Qualified Third Party Program,277 which will
authorize qualified third parties as alternative electric service providers to serve remote and
unviable areas. This is pursuant to Section 59 of the EPIRA278 and Rule 14 of the EPIRA-IRR.279

The DUs and ECs shall maximize the electrification benefits from ER 1-94 funds, through the
Electrification Fund (EF). Through the EF, the DUs and ECs are provided with funds to expand
their reach to the unenergized sitios. The DOE will closely monitor the utilization of the EF. The
host beneficiaries280 in the region are also enjoined to maximize the utilization of their ER 1-94
financial benefits. These financial benefits provide additional funding for these LGUs that can be
used for development and livelihood, reforestation, watershed management, health, and/or
environment enhancement.

Enforce right-of-way easements for electric utilities

To address the challenges of full energization of sitios and households in the region, the LGUs will
help enforce the provision of right-of-way easement for electric utilities and facilitate the
implementation of the Anti-Obstruction of Power Lines Act.281 This will not only allow DUs and
ECs to serve hard to reach areas, but it will also ease and hasten the process.

Strengthen the implementation of net-metering in Distribution Utilities and Electric

Cooperatives

The DUs and ECs in the region will strengthen the implementation of net metering in their
respective franchise area by encouraging customers who opt to install renewable energy systems,
such as solar photovoltaic systems, in their properties. The ERC will review the net metering
requirements of DUs and ECs and ensure their compliance with the provisions of the Distribution
Code.282
The DOE will promote the use of renewable energy systems for end-users. Information, education,
and communication campaigns on renewable energy options of end-users will also be conducted
by them to promote the use of renewable energy systems. Their information campaign will include
the advantages and benefits of net-metering.

Mainstream efficiency and conservation of energy

The DOE will pursue the full implementation of laws and policies on energy conservation such as
Republic Act 11285 or the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act, which institutionalizes energy
efficiency and conservation, improves the efficient use of energy, and provides incentives for
energy efficiency and conservation projects. In line with this, all government agencies in the region
will comply with the Government Energy Management Program,283 which promotes the reduction
of fuel and electricity consumption by 10 percent. LGUs will develop Energy Management Systems
to help monitor and manage their energy consumption. This includes conducting energy audits,
setting energy reduction targets, and implementing energy efficiency measures.

The Demand Side Management Program284 and Philippine Energy Labeling Program285 will also
be implemented and monitored. The full implementation of the Philippine Green Building Code286
which is a referral code to Presidential Decree 1096 or the National Building Code of the
Philippines, will also help promote energy-efficient buildings and facilities in the region. Thus, the
DPWH will enforce the implementation of said code. The LGUs will also enforce energy efficiency
standards and regulations in their respective jurisdictions, and promote public awareness of energy
conservation.

The implementation of these laws and programs will help attain the Philippine Nationally
Determined Contribution on climate action of 5 percent aggregate energy savings by 2040.

Modernize and expand distribution systems of DUs and ECs

To improve the performance and reliability of DUs and ECs, their distribution networks will be
modernized and upgraded. The concerned DUs and ECs in the region will ensure full
implementation of their Distribution Development Plans (DDP), particularly on improving
distribution systems, uprating distribution lines, expanding and rehabilitating substations, and
implementing reliability measures to improve and expand their systems to cater to the growing
demand of their respective franchise areas. The NEA and the Energy Regulatory Commission, will
closely monitor the formulation and implementation of these DDPs.
Outcome 4: Provision of and/or access to water-related facilities
improved
Universal access to safe and sustainable water sources is the primary objective of the sector. Access
to safe potable water for consumption and sanitation is considered a basic human right that is
necessary for achieving overall health and well-being. Water is also a critical component for
attaining food security through irrigation support facilities. During the plan period, the region will
implement programs and projects that improve the provision and access to water and sanitation,
irrigation services, and protection against flooding.

The region will support the proposed creation of a Department of Water that will rationalize and
strengthen the implementation, management resiliency, and sustainable use of water resources.

Outcome 4.1 Access to safe water and improved sanitation facilities

increased
Intensifying water infrastructure interventions and ensuring proper water resource management
will define the overall strategy of the water sector to achieve universal access to water services and
enhance sanitation.

Improve water distribution in waterless areas

For the planning period, the sector will implement and upgrade the water supply distribution
system from Level I or Level II to Level III, especially in unserved and underserved areas. Existing
Level III water systems of LGU-managed water districts/service providers will also be expanded to
include adjacent waterless areas. Likewise, agencies that implement water projects such as the
DPWH and DILG will intensify installation, upgrading, and rehabilitation of water projects in the
region.

Implement water loss reduction measures

Non-revenue water will be minimized through the policy oversight of the National Water
Regulatory Board and the upgrading, rehabilitation, and introduction of technology-enabled
remote-monitoring and diagnostic systems by concerned water service providers in the region.
Strictly comply with existing water and sanitation sector plans

The cities, municipalities, and water service providers will comply with and implement their
respective water supply, sanitation, and sewerage and septage sector plans. Highly-urbanized and
component cities in the region will be prioritized in the provision of technical assistance and cost-
subsidy from the DWPH in the preparation of feasibility studies and implementation of sewerage
projects under the National Sewerage and Septage Management Program.

Increase investments in water-related and sanitation projects

The Mandanas-Garcia Ruling (EO 138, s. 2021) Ruling provides the impetus for LGUs to pursue
water and sanitation-related projects from the increased share in the National Tax Allocation. In
the transition period, LGUs will endeavor to increase technical capacity to absorb these devolved
functions.

Local investments in water services (Water Supply Improvement Project for Metro CDO), and
septage projects (water districts of Cagayan de Oro and Gingoog City) will be pursued and
encouraged.

Outcome 4.2 Irrigation facilities increased

Reassess potential irrigable areas in the region

The National Irrigation Administration Region X (NIA-X) will reassess the irrigable service areas
in the region and fast-track the development of identified potential irrigable areas, using the new
criteria of 0-18 percent slope287 and given the indiscriminate land conversion288 in agricultural
areas (See Chapters 2 and 7).

Enhance capacities of LGUs and irrigators’ associations in planning, design,

management, and operations of Communal Irrigation Projects

In light of the implementation of the Mandanas-Garcia Ruling (EO 138, s. 2021), the Department
of Agriculture Region (DA-X), NIA-X, and other stakeholders will enhance capacities of LGUs
and irrigators’ associations in planning, design, management, and operations of Communal
Irrigation Projects.
Implement, upgrade, and rehabilitate National Irrigation and Communal Irrigation
Systems

Climate-smart irrigation facilities, such as solar-powered irrigation systems for deep well irrigation
and drip irrigation, will be implemented by the NIA-X in the National Irrigation Projects (NIPs)
and LGUs/irrigator’s association in the Communal Irrigation Projects (CIPs) in areas where
surface water is scarce. The NIA-X and LGUs/irrigator’s associations will upgrade, rehabilitate,
and retrofit existing irrigation facilities to make these climate-resilient.

Outcome 4.3 Protection against flooding improved

Construct/rehabilitate flood control facilities within major river basins and principal
rivers

The DPWH-X will construct/rehabilitate flood control facilities within major river basins and
principal rivers to protect lives and properties against flooding. These include projects such as the
Flood Risk Management Project for Cagayan de Oro River (FRIMP-CDOR) by DPWH Unified
Project Management Office (UPMO) and Cagayan de Oro Urban Drainage System Project by the
DPWH-X.

The DPWH-X will delineate areas along major and principal rivers in Region X where dredging
can be managed by LGUs to mitigate flooding.

Prioritize measures to address urban flooding

Programs, activities, and projects to address urban flooding in key cities in the region will be
prioritized during the planning period. These include the implementation of comprehensive
drainage projects by the LGUs and the DPWH-X (See Chapter 16).

Outcome 5. Access to social infrastructure facilities enhanced

A strong social infrastructure network is one of the keys to achieving the 2030 SDGs, particularly
on ending poverty and other deprivations. Thus, strategies that improve health and education will
be pursued during the plan period. These include improving the provision of government assets,
such as health and educational facilities.

The region will also pursue strategies for improving access to solid waste management facilities to
ensure the protection of public health and the environment.
Outcome 5.1 Health facilities improved
Strengthen strategic implementation of the Health Facilities Enhancement Program
in line with the Philippine Health Facilities Development Plan 2020-2040

To enhance access to health facilities, DOH will continue to implement and construct health-
related infrastructure guided by the Philippine Health Facilities Development Plan 2020-2040.
This plan articulates the required investments for health facilities. It adopts a needs-based
approach, accounting for the future burden of disease in estimating the needed health facilities in
the medium to long term.

In realizing the plan, the DOH CHD-NM will strengthen the review and approval of HFEP289
project proposals and ensure that these are compliant with existing policies and guidelines. LGUs
are urged to include health facilities in their respective Local Investment Plans for Health to
address the gaps in said facilities. To properly monitor the operation of these facilities, the DOH
CHD-NM and concerned LGUs will regularly update the inventory of healthcare facilities to
determine coverage, gaps, and future health facility requirements based on the needs of the
communities.

Assist LGUs in the implementation of HFEP and other health-related devolved

functions from DOH

With the implementation of the Mandanas-Garcia Ruling, and to guarantee the proper
implementation of the HFEP, the DOH CHD-NM will assist the LGUs in the implementation of
health-related devolved functions and provide capacity building and training. The LGUs will
ensure the allocation of funds for the required health personnel complement for the successful
implementation of health programs.

Prioritize the construction of public health facilities

To achieve the standard bed-to-population ratio and meet the population demand, the DOH
CHD-NM will increase the bed capacity of public hospitals in all levels.

In addition, the DOH CHD-NM will prioritize the construction of additional 711 Barangay Health
Stations, 156 Rural Health Units, and 12 Super Health Centers290 in strategic locations regionwide.
These facilities will be fully equipped to provide basic healthcare needs and medical testing. The
establishment of these health facilities will help decongest hospitals.
Create additional specialty centers
The DOH CHD-NM will ensure the full implementation of the designation of the Northern
Mindanao Medical Center and Mayor Hilarion A. Ramiro Sr. Medical Center as Specialty Centers
to improve access to health facilities among patients with specialized medical treatments. The
establishment of additional specialty centers, such as a Kidney and Transplant Institute and Heart
Center, will be pursued in select areas of the region. The creation of these specialty centers will
provide accessible and affordable specialized health and medical services to patients without
having to travel to other areas (See Subchapter 4.1).

Improve ICT connectivity in public health facilities

The DOH CHD-NM, in partnership with the DICT-X, will establish free Wi-Fi connections in
unserved public hospitals to improve health services (e.g., telemedicine and other health
innovations). In addition, DOH CHD-NM will partner with private telecommunication
companies in the provision of free Wi-Fi in public hospitals and other health facilities for use by
patients and other clients.

Outcome 5.2 Educational facilities improved

Address the gaps in resources and facilities of schools that are located in GIDAs,
including CAPDev areas

Access of schools to basic facilities, such as electricity and water supply, will be prioritized. The
DepEd-X will focus on addressing the needs of zero-water public schools by providing access to
water and sanitary facilities, energizing schools without electrical connections, and upgrading
electrical connections in schools with urgent needs. The DepEd-X will also adopt the use of
renewable energy to provide electrification for off-grid schools to enable technology-aided
learning in said schools.

Assist LGUs in the implementation of the School Building Program and other
devolved functions from DepEd

In accordance with the Mandanas-Garcia Ruling, the DepEd-X will assist LGUs in the
implementation of the School Building Program,291 especially in completing the backlog of 4,038
classrooms in the region as of 31 December 2022. The DepEd-X will also provide technical
assistance to LGUs in the planning and design of schools. Financial assistance to 4th-6th class
municipalities will also be provided by DepEd-X. In addition, the LGUs will prioritize education
by ensuring budget allocation by the Local School Board.

The LGUs will establish a monitoring and tracking system to identify infrastructure gaps for better
allocation of resources for classrooms and other facilities.

Ensure the provision of ICT facilities in all public schools

To ensure the equitable provision of ICT facilities in public schools, the DepEd-X will prioritize
schools that have not receive the DCP292 package. These facilities can help maximize the expansion
of learning spaces especially through online learning platforms.

The provision of additional information technology (IT) technician personnel to schools division
offices will help in the implementation of the DCP and the maintenance of ICT equipment. To
fully utilize the ICT facilities provided by the DCP, the allocation of solar DCPs will be increased
for unenergized schools.

Prioritize the establishment of Free Wi-Fi sites in unserved public schools and
explore possible convergence

As part of the Free Wi-Fi Program of the DICT, the establishment of Free Wi-Fi sites or provision
of broadband in unserved public schools will be prioritized. The DepEd-X will explore possible
convergence with DICT on the said Free Wi-Fi Program. Concerned IT personnel or technicians
will also regularly monitor the condition of ICT facilities to ensure uninterrupted activities.

Outcome 5.3 Access to solid waste management facilities increased

Establish additional sanitary landfills by facilitating the clustering of LGUs for
common Solid Waste Management facilities

The EMB-X will assist the LGUs in collaborating and consolidating their resources, services, and
efforts to provide shared waste management facilities. EMB-X and MGB-X will assist LGUs with
their technical needs, such as identifying strategic locations for SLFs, as well as costing, designing,
and constructing proposed waste management facilities. Environmental Monitoring Officers of
the EMB-X will be provided with sufficient training on software and field investigation (See
Subchapter 4.3 and Chapter 16).
Intensify support for SWM programs

Information, education, and communication campaigns will be strengthened to promote greater

awareness in implementing SWM programs in LGUs. In particular, the strict practice of proper
segregation or the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) in waste management will be emphasized. To
facilitate this, funding support for Solid Waste Education and Enforcement Program or SWEEP
will be increased and financial assistance to LGUs in the establishment of Materials Recovery
Facilities will be sustained.

Explore technology options and financing schemes for SWM

New, modern, and innovative technologies will help provide optimal SWM solutions, including
WtE facilities. The LGUs will establish a centralized WtE facility, particularly in Metro Cagayan de
Oro on both the eastern and western sides.293 This can help maximize the collection and conversion
of waste for energy production. Along with these technologies, LGUs will also invest in waste
recycling machines, explore other financing schemes such as engaging in public-private
partnership and conduct various capacity building programs in waste analysis.

Legislative Agenda

RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
ENTITIES
TRANSPORTATION
Enactment of the This policy will ensure coordinated planning and efficient functioning Congress, Regional
National Transport Policy of the whole transportation system in the country, including the Development
regional and subnational levels. Councils (RDCs),
Department of
Transportation (DOTr)
and its attached
agencies
Land Transportation
Amendments to Republic To ensure that road-based transportation is responsive to the Congress,
Act 4136 or the Land current trends and provides efficient services, some provisions in the RDC of Northern
Transportation Act Land Transportation Act need to be amended. Mindanao (RDC-X),
Land Transportation
The law was enacted in 1964, thus, some provisions are already Office
outdated or incomplete, such as speed limits and driving rules. The
law also has no provisions for certain traffic facilities, including right-
of-way for roundabouts (rotunda) and traffic signals, and facilities for
pedestrians and non-motorized transport.
 RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
ENTITIES
RA 11697 or the Electric Vehicle Industry Development Act, rules,
regulations, and standards on the use and operations (including
necessary support facilities) to accelerate electric vehicle industry in
the country will also have to be incorporated in said act.
Policy recommendations Despite the importance placed on infrastructure development, road DPWH Central Office,
to expedite road right-of- right-of-way (RROW) issues hamper the timely implementation and DPWH Region X,
way acquisition for completion of infrastructure projects. As raised by implementing LWUA, Supreme
government agencies (e.g. Department of Public Works and Highways), RROW Court of the
infrastructure projects, issue is one of the persistent and pervasive reasons that delay Philippines, Region X
as well as utility project implementation. Congresspersons
improvement projects of
the private sector During its 126th Full Council meeting on 24 June 2021, the Regional
Development Council of Northern Mindanao (RDC-X) passed
Resolution No. 32 (s. 2021), “Creating a Technical Working Group on
Road Right-of-Way (TWG on RROW) under the RDC-X Infrastructure
and Utilities Development Committee.”

The TWG on RROW conducted a series of meetings and consultations

in 2021 which resulted in the preparation of policy recommendations
to expedite the RROW acquisition for government infrastructure
projects.

During its 129th Full Council Meeting on 24 March 2022, the RDC-X
passed RDC-X Resolution No. 15 (s. 2022), “Endorsing the Policy
Recommendations to Expedite the Road Right-of-Way Acquisition for
Government Infrastructure Projects to All Concerned Stakeholders.”

To expedite road-right of way acquisition, the following government

offices, agencies, and Local Government Units (LGUs) are encouraged
to consider the corresponding policy recommendations:
• For Congress to amend RA 10752, authorizing Local Appraisers’
Committees or Local Government Appraisers at the LGU level to
conduct appraisal activities for government infrastructure
projects;
• For the LGUs to waive payments for certification and relevant
permits for the right-of-way claims;
• For the Supreme Court of the Philippines to designate special
courts in every region to specifically handle expropriation cases;
• For Congress to pass Package 3 of the Comprehensive Tax
Reform Program or House Bill 4664, an act instituting reforms in
real property valuation and assessment in the Philippines,
otherwise known as the Real Property Valuation and Reform Act;
and
• For Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), Local
Water Utilities Administration (LWUA), and other concerned
 RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
ENTITIES
national government agencies to formulate guidelines in the
resolution of right-of-way concerning water utilities.
Passage of a law The preparation of TIAs has not been institutionalized in the Congress, LGUs
mandating the Philippines. While the private sector conducts TIAs for its big-ticket
preparation of a Traffic projects, there is no law requiring the preparation of said
Impact Assessment (TIA) assessment for government projects. There are also no uniform
guidelines in the preparation of TIAs. Guidelines from the Department
of Human Settlements and Urban Development (DHSUD) and DENR
are the common reference documents used in the preparation of
TIAs.

At the local level, only a few LGUs created an ordinance requiring TIAs
within their localities. In the region, only the city of Cagayan de Oro
has passed executive order requiring the preparation of TIAs from
implementing agencies.

To address traffic congestion in urban areas and key cities in the

region, the TIA system has to be legislated in the same manner as the
Environmental Impact Assessment System for the environment.
Creating the Mindanao The bill seeks to create the Mindanao Railways Corporation as a Congress, DOTr
Railways Corporation, means of hastening the railway development of the island. A railroad
Prescribing its Powers, network crisscrossing the island of Mindanao will considerably
Functions, and Duties, shorten the distance, for example, between Zamboanga and Cagayan
and Providing for the de Oro or Davao and Cagayan de Oro. Construction of the said
Necessary Funds for its railroad would reduce the travel time of people and goods with end
Operation destination to Visayas or Luzon, vice versa.294
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
Open Access in Data The bill aims to promote open data transmission access by allowing Department of
Transmission Act various ICT infrastructure segments to be opened up to different Information and
players without requiring a congressional franchise. Communications
Technology (DICT),
National
The said bill was supported through RDC-X Resolution No. 60 (s. 2020) Telecommunications
on 6 July 2020. Commission (NTC)
Philippine Spectrum The bill aims to promote more effective and efficient use of spectrum DICT, NTC
Management Act in a manner that is equitable and transparent to all. It also allows for
the establishment of a competitive bidding methodology for the
frequency spectrums, which shall be conducted by the DICT and the
NTC.

The said bill was supported through RDC-X Resolution No.75 (s. 2021)
on 24 September 2021.
Amendments to RA 7925 This act is still premised under the era of analog telecommunications, DICT, NTC
or the Public where the internet was not yet considered a vital technology. Hence,
 RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
ENTITIES
Telecommunications there is a need to amend the law’s basic assumptions, which were
Policy Act of the based on how telecommunication services were offered. The
Philippines proposed policy would consider providing a regulatory environment
not only for existing digital technologies but also for emerging
technologies.

On 24 June 2021, the RDC-X passed Resolution No. 33 (s. 2021),

“Endorsing the Policy Recommendations to Strengthen the Resiliency
of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Fiber Optic
Networks to the Department of Information and Communications
Technology and Concerned Stakeholders.” The said policy paper calls
for the amendment of the said law to spur the deployment of ICT
infrastructure and ensure resiliency.
Cross-Sector The bill proposes the establishment of cross-sector infrastructure DICT, DPWH, National
Infrastructure Sharing sharing as a policy in developing the country’s ICT and supporting Electrification
Act telecommunications networks, both public and private. It calls for Administration, DOTr
coordinated infrastructure planning and development to ensure that
telecommunications and broadband networks are deployed together
with roadworks, railways, electricity transmission and distribution
lines, water and sewer systems, pipe-laying, and other infrastructure
development by both government agencies and private entities.

On 24 June 2021, the RDC-X passed Resolution No. 33 (s. 2021),

“Endorsing the Policy Recommendations to Strengthen the Resiliency
of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Fiber Optic
Networks to the Department of Information and Communications
Technology and Concerned Stakeholders.” One of the policy
recommendations called for the passage of a policy requiring utility
service providers and government agencies to synchronize the
deployment of their infrastructures.
Housing Development This bill requires developers to make space for future infrastructure DICT, NTC,
Digital Connectivity Bill and other digital amenities in housing projects. It also mandates the Department of
DICT and the NTC to prepare a comprehensive locational plan that Human Settlements
identifies the sites for the construction and establishment of ICT and Urban
infrastructure and facilities in accordance with the comprehensive Development,
land use plan and zoning ordinance of each LGU. Department of the
Interior and Local
In the review of the Provincial Development Physical Framework Government
Plans (PDPFPs) of the five provinces in Region X, efforts are being
done to ensure that suitable sites for the construction and
establishment of ICT infrastructure and facilities within their
respective areas are being identified.
 RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
ENTITIES
ENERGY
Amendments to RA 9136, Enacted in 2001, there is a need to review and amend the outdated Department of
or the Electric Power provisions in the said law, such as elements in that permit anti- Energy
Industry Reform Act competitive behavior by regional actors in the energy sector,
(EPIRA) of 2001 activating the implementation of the Wholesale Electricity Spot
Market in Mindanao, and inclusion of provisions that would control
and lessen power rates.
WATER RESOURCES
Creation of a Department The bills seek to create a Department of Water Resources to improve Congress, National
of Water the management and sustainable use of water resources nationwide. Economic and
The department will become the “primary policy, planning, Development
coordinating, implementing, monitoring, and administrative entity of Authority, National
the executive branch of the government.” Water Resources
Board, Local Water
It will also handle the strategic allocation of water resources to make Utilities
them more widely available. It also seeks to create an independent, Administration
quasi-judicial body to be called the Water Regulatory Commission to
“rationalize the economic, as well as, administrative regulation of
water utilities.”

Its other functions will be, as follows: policymaking for water supply
contracts; managing sewerage and septage; issuing of licenses;
setting, reviewing, and approving rates; reviewing and suspending
contracts initiating investigations on erring officials through its
quasi-judicial nature; and reviewing and revoking issuances,
memoranda and the like that are not in accordance with the spirit of
the Commission, ensuring that the welfare of consumers is
prioritized.
SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
Health Facilities
Upgrading the Misamis The MOPH, with a 50-bed capacity, is the only government hospital in Department of Health
Oriental Provincial Gingoog City and the core referral hospital of the Gingoog Bay (DOH),
Hospital (MOPH) in Alliance Inter- Local Health Zone. LGU-Gingoog City
Gingoog City, Misamis
Oriental into a Level II The bill seeks to upgrade the MOPH into a Level II regional hospital to
Regional Hospital to be be known as the Gingoog Medical Center and to increase its capacity
known as the Gingoog from 50 to 250 beds. It also requires increase in the existing
Regional Medical Center workforce, including doctors, nurses, and support personnel.
Upgrading the Lanao del The primary purpose of this bill is to upgrade LDNPH into a modern and Congress, Provincial
Norte Provincial Hospital fully-equipped 300-bed capacity tertiary health provider to be known LGU-Lanao del Norte,
(LDNPH) in the as the LDNGH and to upgrade its existing facilities to cater to the needs DOH
Municipality of Baroy, of the people of Lanao del Norte and the Northern Mindanao region.
Province of Lanao del
Norte into a Tertiary Level
 RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
ENTITIES
Hospital to be known as The General Hospital will improve the existing Provincial Hospital in
the Lanao del Norte Lanao del Norte. The upgrading of facilities and equipment will address
General Hospital (LDNGH), the medical concerns of the people, especially those with advanced
Under the Direct medical conditions.
Supervision and Control
of the Department of
Health (DOH), and
Appropriating Funds
Thereof

Research Agenda

RESPONSIBLE
RESEARCH AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
AGENCIES
Inventory and mapping Inventory and mapping of potential indigenous energy sources is an DOE, Department of
of potential renewable important tool that will streamline and optimize the creation of energy the Interior and Local
energy sources in projects within the region. With an established inventory and mapping, Government, LGUs
Northern Mindanao local government units (LGUs) can properly coordinate investment
opportunities through Department of Energy (DOE), Public-Private
Partnership (PPP) Center, and other investment entities to fund and
implement these projects. LGUs, through DILG-DOE Joint Memorandum
Circular No. 2020-01 are mandated to include energy programs in their
Comprehensive Land Use Plans and Comprehensive Development
Plans. LGUs need to be capacitated and assisted in this endeavor and
may be assisted by SUCs and other consultants. Possible sites to look
into and study are Panguil Bay in Misamis Occidental for hydro and
wind projects and Balingoan and Binuangan in Misamis Oriental for
wind power.
Policy The underlying concept of universal service is to ensure that Department of
Recommendations on information and communication technologies (ICTs) are accessible to Information and
the Establishment of a the widest number of people at affordable prices. With the increasing Communications
Universal Service Access demand for ICT and the growing evidence of the economic and social Technology, National
Fund for the Expansion benefits generated by broadband access, the establishment of Telecommunications
of Broadband Access in universal service access funds (USAFs) is deemed critical in ensuring Commission
Underserved and that majority of the population has access to affordable high-speed
Unserved Areas broadband-based services. To make this possible, however, it is
important to establish a framework of policies and strategies
governing the implementation and operation of USAFs and the digital
agenda of governments as a whole.
Results Matrix (Core Indicators)
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
END-OF-
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCY*/
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
TARGET
ENTITY**
Chapter Outcome 1: Transport connectivity and efficiency improved.
Land Transportation
National road 2,081.534 13.35 14.46 15.68 16.55 17.09 17.70 17.70 Agency report Department of
networks (2022) (2,241.534) (2,267.534) (2,287.626) (2,304.857) (2,315.958) (2,327.990) (2,327.990) Public Works
constructed and Highways
increased (% Region X
with (DPWH-X)
equivalent
length in km)
- National 1,977.534 1,977.534 1,977.534 1,977.534 1,977.626 1,977.857 1,977.958 1,977.99 Agency report DPWH-X
roads (2022)
(primary,
secondary
roads) (km)
-Bypasses and 104 264 290 310 327 338 350 350 Agency report DPWH-X
diversion (2022)
roads (km)
Average 4.31 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 Agency report DPWH-X
International (2021)
Roughness Index
for
National/Primary
Roads
maintained/
improved
(mm/m)
Travel time1 via
land per key
corridor
decreased/
sustained (hour)
CDO-Iligan 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.95 sustain sustain sustain sustain Agency report, DPWH-X
(2022) 2025 level 2025 level 2025 level 2025 level Travel time
survey
CDO- 1.15 1.15 1.15 1 sustain sustain sustain sustain Agency report, DPWH-X
Malaybalay (2022) 2025 level 2025 level 2025 level 2025 level Travel time
survey
CDO- 1.54 1.54 1.54 1.35 sustain sustain sustain sustain Agency report, DPWH-X
Valencia (2022) 2025 level 2025 level 2025 level 2025 level Travel time
survey
CDO- 1.05 1.05 1.05 0.9 sustain sustain sustain sustain Agency report, DPWH-X
Balingoan (2022) 2025 level 2025 level 2025 level 2025 level Travel time
survey
CDO- 1.74 1.74 1.74 1.5 sustain sustain sustain sustain Agency report, DPWH-X
Mukas (2022) 2025 level 2025 level 2025 level 2025 level Travel time
survey
Road traffic 4.0 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.5 Agency report Philippine
accident rate (2021) National Police
reduced (number Region X, Land
of incidents per Transportation
100,000 Office Region X
population)
Public utility 7.07 22.65 48.15 68.25 83.22 92.00 100 100 Agency report Land
vehicles (PUVs) (481) (1,542) (3,277) (4,645) (5,664) (6,262) (6,806) (6,806) Transportation
modernized (2022) and Franchising

1
Recommended design speed under Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) Design Guidelines, Standards and Criteria, Volume IV
(2015 edition), National Primary Road (flat topography) is 80 kilometer/hour (kph); national secondary road (flat topography) is 70 kph.
 ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
END-OF-
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCY*/
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
TARGET
ENTITY**
increased (% with and Regulatory
equivalent Board Region X
number of PUVs) (LTFRB-X)
Local Public 4.08 (4) 14. 29 (14) 39.80 50 60.20 70.41 100 100 Agency report LTFRB-X
Transport Route (2022) (39) (40) (59) (69) (98) (98)
Plan (LPTRPs)
completed
increased (% with
equivalent
number of
LPRTPs)
Water Transportation
Passengers 1,610,298 2,572,719 2,601,826 2,694,102 2,789,759 2,888,921 2,991,721 2,991,721 Agency Report, Philippine Ports
transported via (2021) Quarterly Authority - Port
sea (from base Regional Management
ports only) Economic Offices
increased Situationer (PPA PMOs)
(cumulative) (QRES)
(number)
Cargo 566,264 1,041,797 1,086,490 1,133,100 1,181,710 1,232,406 1,285,276 1,285,276 Agency Report, PPA PMOs
transported via (2021) QRES
sea increased
(domestic and
foreign) (MT)
Container traffic 797,633 847,603 876,317 906,036 936, 792 968,626 1,001,573 1,001,573 Agency Report, PPA PMOs
increased (TEU) (2021) QRES
Air Transportation
Passengers 697,380 1,178,572 1,532,144 1,991,787 2,589,323 3,366,120 3,534,426 3,534,426 Agency Report, Civil Aviation
transported via (2021) QRES Authority of the
air increased Philippines Area
(number) X
(CAAP-X)
Cargo 15,454,635 15,771,006 15,928,716 16,088,003 16,248,883 16,411,372 16,575,486 16,575,486 Agency Report, CAAP-X
transported via (2021) QRES
air increased
(kgs)
Chapter Outcome 2: Access to ICT infrastructure improved
Barangays with 75 85 90 94 96 98 100 100 Agency report National
access to reliable (1,717) (1,719 ) (1,820) (1,901) (1,942) (1,982 ) (2,022) (2,022 ) Telecommunica
telecommunicati (2021) tions
on services Commission
increased (CMTS) Region X
(total=2,022)
(cumulative) (%
and number of
barangays)
Cities and 5 cities, 7 cities, 9 cities, 9 cities, 9 cities, 9 cities, 9 cities, 9 cities, Activated sites Department of
municipalities and 29 and 29 and 84 and 84 and 84 and 84 and 84 and 84 Information
provided with municipali municipali municipali municipali municipali municipali municipali municipali and
free internet ties ties ties ties ties ties ties ties Communication
connectivity (2022) s Technology
increased and Region X
sustained (cities, (DICT-X)
total=9;
municipalities,
total=84)
(cumulative)
(number)
Barangays 57 108 247 391 534 674 823 823 Activated sites DICT-X
provided with (2022)
free internet
connectivity
increased
(cumulative)
(number)
 ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
END-OF-
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCY*/
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
TARGET
ENTITY**
Common tower 6 15 20 30 40 55 70 70 Reports from DICT-X
facilities in the (2021) Passive
region increased Telecommunica
(cumulative) tions Tower
(number) Infrastructure
(PTTI) providers
Chapter Outcome 3: Affordable, reliable, and clean energy provided
Proportion of 98.28 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Annual Report National
households (HHs) (Q1 2022) Electrification
with access to Administration
electricity (NEA)
increased/sustai
ned (%)
Share of 32.9 33.2 33.5 33.8 34.1 34.4 34.7 35 Annual Report Department of
affordable (2021) Energy (DOE)
renewable energy
(RE) in the power
generation mix
increased (%)
Sitios energized 84.6 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Annual Report NEA
increased/sustai (Q3 2022)
ned (%)
Dependable 88.74 At least At least At least At least At least At least At least Annual Report DOE
capacity in (2021) 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 80% 80%
Mindanao is
maintained at
least by 80% (%)
Electricity 642.63 716.77 755.13 795.88 839.83 886.98 936.52 936.52 Annual Report DOE
consumption per (2021)
capita increased
(kWh/person)
Chapter Outcome 4: Provision of and/or access to water-related facilities improved
4.1 Access to safe water and improved sanitation increased
Households (HH) 97.6 98.0 98.4 98.8 99.0 99.4 99.8 99.8 FHSIS Department of
with access to (2021) (measures Health Center
basic safe water access by Level for Health
supply increased I, II, III) Development
(%) Northern
Mindanao
(DOH CHD-NM)
Families with 94.3 - increasing - increasing - increasing increasing APIS (measures DOH, Local
access to (2020) (Survey is (Survey is (Survey is access by Government
improved service done done done Basic, Limited, Units, Philippine
level of drinking every two every two every two Unimproved, Statistics
water increased years.) years.) years.) Surface Water) Authority
(%) Region X
(PSA-X)
Households (HH) 70.4 84.6 87.1 89.7 92.3 94.9 97.5 97.5 FHSIS DOH CHD-NM
with basic (2021) (measures
sanitation access by
facilities Septic Tank,
increased (%) Comm. Sewer,
ventilated
improved pit
latrine)
Families with 82.5 - increasing - increasing - increasing increasing APIS (measures PSA-X
access to (2020) (Survey is (Survey is (Survey is service level
improved service done done done according to
level of sanitation every two every two every two basic, limited,
facilities years.) years.) years.) unimproved,
increased (%) open
defecation)

4.2 Irrigation facilities increased

 ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
END-OF-
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCY*/
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
TARGET
ENTITY**
Cropping increasing Annual report National
intensity Irrigation
increased (%)2 Administration
Region X
(NIA-X)
National 182.43 increasing increasing increasing increasing increasing increasing increasing Annual report NIA-X
Irrigation System (2021)
(NIS)
Communal 130.03 increasing increasing increasing increasing increasing increasing increasing Annual report NIA-X
Irrigation System (2021)
(CIS)
Level of irrigation 68.9 70.7 72.5 74.3 76.1 77.9 79.6 79.6 Annual report NIA-X
development (2022)
increased (%)
4.3 Protection against flooding increased
Zero deaths due 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Agency Report, Office of Civil
to flooding (2021) Post-Disaster Defense Region
Needs X (OCD-X), LGUs,
Assessment concerned
(PDNA) Report, agencies
Situational
Report
Damage to PHP1.89 decreasin decreasin PDNA Report, OCD-X, LGUs,
properties due to billion g decreasin g decreasin decreasin decreasin decreasin Situational concerned
natural disasters (2021)3 g g g g g Report agencies
reduced
(amount)
Chapter Outcome 5: Access to social infrastructure facilities enhanced
5.1 Health facilities improved
Hospital bed-to-
population ratio
improved
(2:1,000)4
Level I 1:2,368 1:2,300 1:2,200 1:2,100 1:2,000 1:1,900 1:1,800 1:1,700 Agency Report DOH CHD-NM
(Standard of (2021)
2:1,000)
Level II 1:1,721 1:1,700 1:1,600 1:1,500 1:1,400 1:1,300 1:1,200 1:1,100 Agency Report DOH CHD-NM
(Standard of (2021)
2:1,000)
Level III 1:7,063 1:7,000 1:6,950 1:6,900 1:6,850 1:6,800 1:6,750 1:6,700 Agency Report DOH CHD-NM
(Standard of (2021)
2:1,000)
Percentage of 65% 75% 76% 78% 80% 90% 100% 100% Agency Report DOH CHD-NM,
barangays with (1,316 (1,517 (1,537 (1,577 (1,618 (1,820 (2,022 (2,022 LGUs
Barangay Health BHSs) BHSs) BHSs) BHSs) BHSs) BHSs) BHSs) BHSs)
Stations (BHS) (2021)
increased
(barangays=2,022
) (cumulative) (%)
Rural Health Unit 1:60,441 1:42,388 1:37,001 1:33,951 1:31,990 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:20,000 Agency Report DOH CHD-NM
(RHU)-to- (2021)
population ratio
improved
(standard=1:20,00
0) (ratio)
Super Health 05 12 26 40 54 68 82 82 Agency Report, DOH CHD-NM
Centers (2022) Project Status
constructed Report

2
Includes Lanao del Sur
3
damages due to TY Odette
4
WHO recommended hospital bed-to-population ratio
5
No targets for CY 2022 as implementation starts in 2023
 ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
END-OF-
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCY*/
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
TARGET
ENTITY**
increased
(cumulative)
(number)
Government 14 65 84 103 121 139 157 157 Agency Report, DICT-X
health facilities (2022) Project Status
with free Wi-Fi Report
Access increased
(cumulative)
(number)
5.2 Educational facilities improved
Classroom-to-
learner
ratio improved/
sustained (ratio)
Primary/ 1:34 1:30 1:30 1:30 1:30 1:30 1:30 1:30 Agency Report Department of
Elementary (2021) Education
(Standard 1:30) Region X
(DepEd-X)
Secondary/Jun 1:52 1:39 1:38 1:35 1:35 1:35 1:35 1:35 Agency Report DepEd-X
ior High (2021)
School
(Standard 1:35)
Secondary/Se 1:52 1:31 1:31 1:30 1:30 1:30 1:30 1:30 Agency Report DepEd-X
nior High (2021)
School
(Standard 1:30)
Schools with 96.54 96.66 97.61 98.21 99 99.62 100 100 Agency Report DepEd-X
access to water (2,425) (2,438) (2,452) (2,467) (2,487) (2,502) (2,512) (2,512)
supply increased (2021)
(cumulative) (%
and number)
Schools with 11.31 14.38 25.70 42.47 59.25 76.03 90.41 100 Agency Report DepEd-X
access to (236) (300) (536) (886) (1,236) (1,586) (1,886) (2,086)
sanitation (2022)
facilities
increased
(cumulative] and
number)
Schools with 96.86 97.25 97.73 98.21 98.81 99.40 100 100 Agency Report DepEd-X
connection to (2,433) (2,443) (2,455) (2,467) (2,482) (2,497) (2,512) (2,512)
electricity (2021)
increased
(cumulative) (%
and number)
New resilient 129 386 1,186 1,986 2,811 3,636 4,461 4,461 Agency Report DepEd-X
classrooms (2021)
constructed
increased
(cumulative)
(number)
Last-Mile Schools 17 34 54 79 104 129 154 154 Agency Report DepEd-X
constructed (2021)
(cumulative)
(number)
Public schools 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 Agency Report DepEd-X
with functional (2021)
computers
increased
(cumulative) (%)
Schools with
DepEd
Computerization
Program (DCP)
increased
(cumulative) (%)
 ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
END-OF-
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCY*/
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
TARGET
ENTITY**
Primary/ 14 28 42 56 71 85 100 100 Agency Report, DepEd-X
Elementary (2022) Project Status
Report
Secondary/Jun 11 23 36 51 66 82 100 100 Agency Report, DepEd-X
ior High (2022) Project Status
School Report
Secondary/Se 6 15 26 41 58 78 100 100 Agency Report, DepEd-X
nior High (2022) Project Status
School Report
Public schools
with internet
access increased
(cumulative) (%)
Primary/Elem
entary
Admin 9 20 33 47 63 81 100 100 Agency Report DepEd-X
(2022)
Curriculum 5 13 24 39 56 77 100 100 Agency Report DepEd-X
(2022)
Secondary/Junior
& Senior High
School
Admin 9 19 31 46 62 80 100 100 Agency Report DepEd-X
(2022)
Curriculum 6 14 26 40 57 77 100 100 Agency Report DepEd-X
(2022)
Public schools
provided with
free internet
connectivity
increased/sustai
ned (cumulative)
(% and number)
State 35 59 100 1006 100 100 100 100 Agency Report, DICT-X
University and (13) (22) (37) (37) (37) (37) (37) (37) Project Status
Colleges (2022) Report

Local 45 100 7 100 100 100 100 100 100 Agency Report, DICT-X
University and (5) (11) (11) (11) (11) (11) (11) (11) Project Status
Colleges (2022) Report
Primary 2 6 24 42 60 78 100 100 Agency Report, DICT-X
(5) (16) (66) (116) (166) (216) (276) (276) Project Status
(2022) Report
Secondary 2 6 23 41 58 76 100 100 Agency Report, DICT-X
(3) (10) (40) (70) (100) (130) (172) (172) Project Status
(2022) Report
5.3 Access to solid waste management facilities increased
Barangays with 88 92 92.48 93.57 94.46 95.69 96.64 97.67 Agency Report Environmental
access to (1,788) (1,867) (1,870) (1,892) (1,910) (1,935) (1,954) (1,975) Management
Material Recovery (2021) Bureau
Facilities (MRF) Region X
increased (EMB-X)
(cumulative) (%
and number)

Cities/municipalit 32 34 37 43 45 47 51 52 Agency Report EMB-X

ies (93) served by (32) (32) (35) (40) (42) (44) (48) (49)
sanitary landfill (2021)

6
Targeted until 2025 only
7
Targeted until 2023 only
 ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
END-OF-
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCY*/
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
TARGET
ENTITY**
increased (% and
number)
Notes: ND = No data; TBD = To be determined; brgys. = barangays
*Agency accountable for delivering the outputs/achievement of outcomes
**Lead agency responsible for reporting progress on indicator targets
*** Data are those constructed by DPWH-X only

Major and Catalytic Programs and Projects295

The region will support the implementation of the following catalytic programs and projects to
respond to the growing needs of all sectors of the economy. Investments in energy, water supply,
irrigation facilities, telecommunications, and transport networks will be pursued to enhance access
and efficiency of the movement of people, goods, and services thereby addressing productivity
constraints, and increasing competitiveness. Social infrastructure projects will also be supported
to enhance social well-being and further economic growth by providing basic services and facilities
that will allow businesses and communities to develop and flourish.

Transportation
 Land Transportation
o Network Development Program (Construction of bypass and diversion roads, road
widening, construction of bike lanes, among others);
o Panguil Bay Bridge;
o Bridge connecting Misamis Oriental to Camiguin;
o Mindanao Railway Project/Metro CDO Railway Project;
o Region X Priority Road Infrastructure Project (REXPRIP) VI - Villanueva-
Tagoloan-Cagayan de Oro-Opol Expressway;
o REXPRIP VII - Opol-Naawan Expressway;
o Mindanao Logistics Infrastructure Program;
o Public Utility Modernization Program;
o Integrated Public Transportation Terminal;
o DPWH-Convergence Programs:
 Roads leading to airports;
 Roads leading to seaports;
 Roads leading to tourist destinations (TRIP);
 Roads leading to industries (ROLL-IT LETS EAT, FMR); and
 Roads leading to military facilities (TIKAS).
  Water Transportation
o Expansion of Mindanao Container Terminal;
o Construction of Laguindingan Seaport, Misamis Oriental;
o Establishment of Medina Seaport, Misamis Oriental;
o Upgrading of Opol Port, Misamis Oriental;
o Upgrading and expansion of Benoni and Balingoan Ports, Camiguin;
o Establishment of Sultan Naga Dimaporo International Port, Lanao del Norte; and
o Improvement of Plaridel Port, Misamis Occidental.

 Air Transportation
o Upgrading, Expansion, Operation and Maintenance of Laguindingan Airport;
o Completion of Bukidnon Airport Development Project; and
o Expansion and upgrading of Ozamiz and Camiguin Airports.

Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

 Free Wi-Fi for all in Public Places;
 National Broadband Program; and
 Government Network (GovNet) Project.

Energy
 Agus 3 Hydroelectric Power Project;
 Agus-Pulangi Rehabilitation Project;
 Mindanao-Visayas Interconnection Project;
 Metro CDO Waste to Energy Project;
 Sitio Electrification Program;
 Panguil Bay Hydro and Wind Power Plant;
 Camiguin Wind Power Plant;
 Binuangan and Balingoan Wind Power Plant;
 Solar projects in Manolo Fortich, Tagoloan, Villanueva, Laguindangan;
 Balatukan-Balingasag Geothermal Project;

Water Resources
Water and Sanitation Facilities
  Construction/Improvement of Level I, II, III water system facilities;
 Sewerage and septage projects:
o Iligan City Sewerage Project;
o Cagayan de Oro City Sewerage Project;
o Ozamiz City Sewerage Project; and
o Gingoog City Septage Project on Facilities.

Irrigation Facilities
 National Irrigation Projects (NIPs);
 Communal Irrigation Projects (CIPs);
 Water Impounding Projects; and
 Pump Irrigation System.

Flood Control and Drainage Facilities

 Flood Risk Management Project for Cagayan de Oro River (FRIMP-CDOR);
 Construction of Urban Drainage Project for Highly-Urbanized Cities (Cagayan de Oro and
Iligan) and key cities;
 Construction of flood control structures along principal rivers:
o Iponan River (Misamis Oriental);
o Tagoloan River (Misamis Oriental);
o Mandulog River (Iligan City);
o Agus River (Lanao del Norte);
o Pulangi River (Bukidnon); and
 Dredging project in principal rivers.

Social Infrastructure
Health Facilities
 Establishment of the Northern Mindanao Medical Center and Mayor Hilarion A. Ramiro,
Sr. Hospital as Specialty Centers;
 Establishment of the Kidney Transplant Institute and Heart Center in Gingoog City;
 Upgrading of the Misamis Oriental Provincial Hospital in Gingoog City, Misamis Oriental
into a Level II Regional Hospital;
 Upgrading of the Lanao del Norte Provincial Hospital into a Tertiary Level Hospital;
 Health Facilities Enhancement Program (HFEP); and
 DICT Free Wi-Fi for All.
Educational Facilities
 School Building Program (SBP);
 Last Mile School Program (LMSP);
 Basic Educational Facilities Fund (BEFF);
 DepEd Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Schools (WinS) Program;
 DepEd Computerization Program (DCP);
 DepEd-DICT Convergence Program;
 DepEd Internet Connectivity Project (DICP); and
 DICT Free Wi-Fi for All.

Solid Waste Management Facilities

 Solid Waste Education & Enforcement Program (SWEEP);
 Establishment of additional SLFs and MRFs; and
 Installation of Waste Recycling Machines .

231
2010 Philippine Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report, Philippine Climate Change Commission.
232
Enerdata, 2020.
234
Primary Roads - A contiguous length of significant road sections extending linearly without any breaks or forks that connect major cities (At least
around 100,000 population) comprising the main trunk line or the backbone of the National Road System.
Secondary Roads - Directly connect cities to national primary roads (except in metropolitan areas) or those not included in the category of major
cities. Likewise, said roads directly connect major ports, major ferry terminals, major airports, tourist service centers, major government
infrastructure to national primary roads. They also directly connect provincial capitals within the same region.
Tertiary Roads - Other existing roads under DPWH which perform a local function.
235
Transport of goods and commuters from Ozamiz City to Tubod is currently through roll-on, roll-off (RORO) system with four vessels plying the
Ozamiz City-Mucas route for about 1.5 to 2.5 hours, including loading and unloading time. Another mode is by land through the Panguil Bay road
for 2 to 2.5 hours over a total length of 100 km..
236
This section, which started construction in 2010, is originally targeted to be completed by December 2021. While the project is substantially completed
at 99.06 percent physical accomplishment (12.65 km completed out of the total 12.77-km road section), acquisition of road right-of-way of a certain
section is still under expropriation.
237
The implementation period is from January 2021 to December 2027. As of 31 December 2022, Puerto-Gusa Section has a physical accomplishment
of 5.11 percent (0.475 km completed out of the total 9.3-km road section).
238
Climate and Disaster Risk Sensitive Regional Physical Framework Plan 2013-2040 (2015 Update).
239
Typhoon Odette Regional Recovery Program, 2022.
240
RDRRMC-X Progress Report no. 34 re Effects of Shear Line and Wind Convergence in Region 10, 11 January 2023.
241
RA 10752 or the Right-of Way Act aims to accelerate the implementation of infrastructure projects, by providing clear guidelines and streamlined
processes for road right-of-way acquisition for property owners affected by such projects.
242
National data, no regional aggregation.
243
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority.
244
Source: Government Strategies in the Water Transport Sector: A Closer Look at Philippine Ports, PIDS, 2021.
245
2019 National ICT Household Survey, DICT and PSRTI.
246
2019 National ICT Household Survey, DICT and PSRTI.
247 Republic Act 10929 or the “Free Internet Access in Public Places Act,” and the Free Wi-Fi for All aims to provide free access to internet service in
all public places throughout the country to promote knowledge-building among citizens, enabling them to participate and compete in the evolving
information and communication age.
248
Source: https://www.submarinenetworks.com/stations/asia/philippines. (Accessed on 9 January 2023).
249
Mirandilla-Santos M. Philippine Broadband: A Policy Brief, USAID, February 2016. Alliance for Affordable Internet (2021). The Affordability
Report 2021. Web Foundation, Mirandilla-Santos M, et. al. From Analog to Digital: Philippine Policy and Emerging Internet Technologies. Better
Broadband Alliance. October 2018.
250
LGU Telco Permit Monitoring System, telco.dilg.gov.ph.
251
Energy Regulations No. (ER) 1-94 is a policy under the Department of Energy Act of 1992 and Electric Power Industry Reform Act of 2001 (EPIRA)
which stipulates that host communities will get a share of one centavo for every kilowatt-hour (P0.01/kWh) generated by power plants operating in
its area.
252
Energy Fund (EF), Development and Livelihood Fund (DLF), Reforestation, Watershed Management, Health and/or Environment Enhancement
Fund (RWMHEEF).
253
Current projects undertaken by Non-host are related to COVID-19, such as Oroquieta and Malaybalay - purchase of ambulance and medical
supply, Ozamiz - food packs in support of the vaccination boost, and Tangub City - COVID-19 holding/isolation facilities.
254
A sitio (Spanish for "site") in the Philippines is a territorial enclave that forms part of a barangay. Typically rural, a sitio's location is usually far
from the center of the barangay itself and could be its own barangay if its population were high enough. Sitios are similar to puroks, but the latter
are more urban and closer to the center of the barangay, especially the barangay hall.
255
19th Congress Senate Bill No. 102, NATIONAL WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ACT, Filed on July 7, 2022 by Senator Grace Poe.
256
PSA 2020 Poverty Indicators Survey results.
257
The Innovative Platform for PPAs Location Assessment, Monitoring, Investment Programing and Budgeting for Development Planning and
Governance (IPA-LAMDAG) System is a system developed by NEDA X. The system aims to enhance regional planning preparation by strengthening
the linkages of the investment programming, budgeting, and project monitoring by integrating and storing the datasets in a relational database
management platform. It would also assist the RLAs and other implementers such as government-owned and controlled corporations and SUCs in
the region in systematizing, managing, monitoring, and evaluating the progress of their respective projects. IPALAMDAG is a Visayan word which
means “to enlighten.”
258
Health facilities in the Philippines include government and private hospitals, and primary health care facilities, such as rural health units, barangay
health stations, and infirmaries among others.
259
General hospitals are classified into three levels – Level 1 hospitals provide minimum healthcare services, Level 2 offers extra health facilities like
intensive care units (ICUs) and specialist doctors, and Level 3 hospitals offer training program for doctors, rehabilitation, and dialysis units, among
others.
260
The overall RHU to population fell short of the ideal ratio of 1:20,000 for the periods 2016 to 2021, with the following actual ratio: 2016-1:33,171;
2017-1:52,229; 2018-1:52,927; 2019-1:47,666; 2020-1:59,781; and 2021-1:42,288.
261
National Health Facility Registry (NHFR) is the official master list of health facilities established in the Philippines. These are facilities
licensed/accredited by the Health Facilities and Services Regulatory Board of the DOH. (source URL: https://nhfr.doh.gov.ph/VActivefacilitiesList).
262
Source: https://www.excel-medical.com/the-number-of-recommended-hospital-beds-per-1-000-people. Accessed on 9 January 2023.
263
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a minimum of two beds per 1,000 people. (Source: https://www.excel-medical.com/the-
number-of-recommended-hospital-beds-per-1-000-people. Accessed on 9 January 2023).
264
The 14 specialty centers in Northern Mindanao Medical Center are the following: Cardiovascular Care, Renal Care and Transplant, Lung Care,
Orthopedic Center, Physical Rehabilitation Medicine, Mental Health, Neonatal Care, Burn Care, Trauma Care, Toxicology, Cancer Care, Infectious
Disease and Tropical Medicine, Geriatric Care, and Eye Care.
265
Eye Care.
266
A certification issued to which authorizes an operation of a regulated aerodrome facility.
267
The Department of Energy (DOE) has declared the launch of the Wholesale Electricity Spot Market (WESM) in Mindanao through DOE DC2017-
05-0009. Similar to its function for the Luzon and Visayas grids, the WESM would be the venue for efficient scheduling, dispatch, and settlement of
energy withdrawal and injections in the Mindanao grid. (Source: https://www.wesm.ph/market-development/wesm-mindanao).
268
Under the Retail Competition and Open Access (RCOA), retail competition allows power suppliers to directly transact business with any electricity
end-user designated by the ERC as a Contestable Customer (CC), i.e., an end-user given the choice of suppliers of electricity. Meanwhile, open access
allows electricity end-users to freely choose their suppliers of electricity whom they deem offer the power supply arrangement with the most competitive
price. (https://www.bsp.gov.ph/Media_And_Research/Publications/EN13-02.pdf).
269
Contestable customers are large end-users that are able to purchase power directly from suppliers or RES under the retail competition and open
access program (RCOA) under Republic Act No. 9136 or EPIRA Law. (Source:
https://www.erc.gov.ph/ContentPage/82873#:~:text=Contestable%20customers%20are%20large%20end,9136%20or%20EPIRA. Accessed on 6
January 2023).
270
The Green Energy Option Program (GEOP) is one of the four mechanisms under the Renewable Energy Act (RA 9513), which empowers eligible
customers to choose a purely renewable energy resource to meet their energy requirements. (https://biz.meralco.com.ph/products-services-and-
programs/power-ideas/government-programs/green-energy-option-program).
271
The Capacity Market is a mechanism that ensures electricity supply always meets demand, particularly during times of peak stress on the grid. The
system helps to balance intermittent supply from more sustainable, low-carbon energy alternatives for the network and compensates providers for
maintaining generation installations. The Capacity Market mitigates the risk of power outages and potentially unpredictable renewable energy
sources, such as wind and solar generation, by providing capacity when there’s insufficient output to balance the grid. (Source:
https://www.nationwideutilities.com/service/capacity-market).
272
Dependable capacity is the maximum power a generating unit, power plant, or system can supply under specified conditions for a given time inter
val without exceeding approved limits of temperature and stress. Ideally, this capacity is around 80 percent of the generation plant’s installed
capacity.
273
Indigenous energy sources are derived from within a specific region or country, without relying on imports or external factors. These energy sources
are typically found naturally within the local environment and are harnessed for power generation or fuel production. These include geothermal,
natural gas, hydro, biomass, geothermal, tidal, and other renewable energy sources like solar.
274
Section 19 (B) of the IRR of the Renewable Energy Act of 2008 states that the State may directly undertake exploration, development, production,
and utilization of natural resources, or it may enter into co-production, joint venture, or co-production sharing agreements with Filipino citizens or
corporations or associations at sixty percent (60%) of whose capital is owned by Filipinos.
275
DOE Department Circular No. DC2022-11-0034 prescribes amendments to Section 19 of the Implementing Rules and Regulations of the Republic
Act No. 9513, otherwise known as “The Renewable Energy Act of 2008,” particularly for Section 19 (B) which now allows the government to enter
into renewable energy Service or Operating Contracts with foreign citizens or foreign-owned corporations or associations.
276
The Household Electrification Program (HEP) of the DOE is the energization of off-grid households utilizing renewable energy technologies such as
solar home systems. (Source: https://www.doe.gov.ph/doe-intensifies-implementation-household-electrification-program).
277
Qualified Third Party (QTP) Program authorizes alternative electric service providers to serve remote and unviable areas pursuant to Section 59 of
the EPIRA and Rule 14 of the EPIRA-IRR.
278
Section 59 of RA 9136 or EPIRA Law states that the provision of electric service in remote and unviable villages that the franchised utility is unable
to service for any reason shall be opened to other qualified third parties.
279
Rule 14 of the Implementing Rules and Regulations for RA 9136 (EPIRA Law) states the policies on the provision of electricity by qualified third
parties. Included in this rule are the determination of remote and unviable areas as well as the rights and obligations of the qualified third parties.
280
Host beneficiaries of the ER 1-94 include the region, province, city, municipality, and/or barangay that hosts the power generation companies and
energy resource developers. These also includes LGU beneficiaries identified by the host region to utilize said fund.
281
Republic Act 11361 or the Anti-Obstruction of Power Lines Act, which was signed by President Rodrigo Roa Duterte on 08 August 2019, prohibits
the planting of tall growing plants, the construction of hazardous improvements, and the conduct of any hazardous activities within the power line
corridor, among others. It is an act ensuring the continuous and uninterrupted transmission and distribution of electricity and the protection of the
integrity and reliability of power lines.
282
The Philippine Distribution Code establishes the basic rules and procedures that govern the operation, maintenance, development, connection, and
use of the electric distribution systems in the Philippines. (Source: https://www.doe.gov.ph/philippine-distribution-code).
283
The Government Energy Management Program (GEMP) aims to reduce the use and cost of energy in government agencies by advancing energy
efficiency technologies and practices in all government facilities. The program requires all government offices to reduce their electricity and fuel
consumption by 10%.
284
Demand Side Management (DSM) is aimed at the electric utilities’ activities designed to encourage and influence their customers’ use of electricity
in ways that will produce desired changes to both the timing and level of electricity demand or load shapes. (Source: https://www.doe.gov.ph/demand-
side-management-dsm-program?withshield=1).
285
The Philippine Energy Labeling Program (PELP) is one of the initiatives of the Department of Energy as part of the enactment of Republic Act 11285,
otherwise known as the “Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EE&C) Act,” which was approved on 12 April 2019. The PELP provides for a national
labeling system for energy consuming products (ECPs) based on the energy performance of products. (Source: https://www.doe.gov.ph/pelp).
286
Presidential Decree 1096 or the Philippine Green Building Code seeks to improve the efficiency of building performance by adopting measures that
promote resource management efficiency and site sustainability while minimizing the negative impact of buildings on human health and the
environment.
287
The new NIA guidelines already consider slope of land 18 degrees and below, from the previous 0-8 degrees, as potential irrigable lands or areas.
288
Land use conversion is the act or method of modifying the current physical use of a parcel of agricultural land for either a non-agricultural purpose
or the same agricultural use but other than soil cultivation as approved by Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR). Conversion of agricultural lands
to other uses after years of being economically non-productive reduces NIA-identified service areas for irrigation development. LGUs when it becomes
urbanized and found the once-agricultural lands unproductive, applied for reclassification of the said land for residential, commercial, industrial
and/or other non-agricultural uses. Said reclassification is allowed under Section 20 of the RA 7160 (series of 1911) and a required step towards
application for conversion under DAO .01 (Series of 2002).
289
The Health Facilities Enhancement Program (HFEP) is a program intended for the upgrading of health, as well as, providing training to health
professionals to improve the access of people to quality health care.
290
Super Health Centers shall be equipped with the most basic facilities and provide free laboratory, dental, breastfeeding, birthing or child delivery,
and ambulance services. At least one Super Health Center shall be constructed in every city or municipality and other densely populated areas. All
Super Health Centers shall be open at all times to provide continuous basic health services to the public, and to help decongest public hospitals.
(Excerpt from HB 951, 18th Congress).
291
The School Building Program under the Basic Educational Fund (BEFF) of the Department of Education (DepEd) aims to address the classroom
gaps in high priority schools nationwide.
292
The DepEd Computerization Program (DCP) aims to provide public schools with appropriate technologies that would enhance the teaching-learning
process and meet the challenges of the 21st century.
293
Source: Master Plan and Pre-Feasibility Study of SUID MCDO.
294
The experience of Japan, Canada, the United States, and most of Europe shows how their railroad networks have sped up national development. ln
these nations, railroads opened up vast land areas, thereby making it possible for a huge number of people to settle, and great volumes of goods to be
transported at the lowest cost. The influx of people into previously unsettled areas and the easy availability of goods needed for civilized life mean
higher productivity of the land. “The beneficial experiences of other countries with successful railway systems up to today provide people and goods
the cheapest and fastest way of mobility.” (Excerpt from HB 1463).
295
Major PAP is defined as ongoing or proposed development program or project of an agency with total investment cost of at least P1 billion and is
aligned with the 8-point agenda of PBBM. Catalytic development program or project, is an ongoing or proposed program or project of an agency
with total investment cost greater or lower than P1 billion, and possesses one or both of the following characteristics: a) Enhances socioeconomic
growth; and b) Induces crowding-in of resource flows. The details, including the investment targets and project cost are further defined in the
Regional Development Investment Program (RDIP) 2023-2028, which will be formulated in the First Semester 2023.
Ensure Peace and Security and
Enhance Administration of
Justice
The government’s 8-Point Socioeconomic Agenda emphasizes that peace, security, and public order
and safety are preconditions towards attaining economic transformation for a prosperous, inclusive,
and resilient community. This is also consistent with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16 on
promoting peace, justice, and strong institutions.

Anchored on the significant gains and accomplishments of Executive Order (EO) No. 70 (s. 2018)
“Institutionalizing the Whole-of-Nation Approach in Attaining Inclusive and Sustainable Peace, Creating
a National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict, and Directing the Adoption of a National
Peace Framework” in previous years, the region will sustain and scale-up efforts in ending local
communist armed conflict (ELCAC) through the Whole-of-Nation Approach (WNA). The Convergence
Areas for Peace and Development (CAPDev) Program will continue to be the region’s banner program
towards the attainment of inclusive and sustainable development, and just and lasting peace. The
region will also ensure the successful implementation of the Local Government Support Fund-Support
to Barangay Development Program (LGSF-SBDP).

Fostering a safe environment promotes economic and social transformation. A prerequisite for a
vibrant economy is hinged on a quality of life safeguarded against all forms of threats and criminality.
In the next six years, the security sector will sustain the enhancement of its capacities and modernize
its approaches in responding to all forms of internal and non-traditional incidents of conflict.

Institutionalization of the justice sector coordination and convergence program at all levels, as well as,
harmonization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-enabled systems and processes
will be pursued. The security and justice sectors will use a gender-sensitive and human rights-based
lens to provide an enabling and safe environment for the sustainable development of the region.

Subchapter 14.1 Ensure Peace and Security

The region logged record milestones in operationalizing EO 70 since its issuance on 04 December 2018.
After laying the ground works in January 2019, the region has been successful in weakening the
presence of Communist Terrorist Groups (CTGs) in hotbeds, channeling resources to CAPDev focus
barangays, assisting former rebels who opted to rejoin society, mobilizing task forces to implement
ELCAC interventions at the regional and local levels, and sustaining local peace engagements (LPEs)
and other peace and development initiatives.
Significant strides were also made in reducing criminality and illegal drug-affectation and keeping fire
damages to a minimum.

Investing on peace and security will continue. This will be realized by sharpening the CAPDev program,
preventing re-entry of CTGs in cleared areas, protecting vulnerable groups against abuse and violence,
and implementing the modernization and camp development programs of the security sector.

Assessment and Challenges

The ELCAC task forces lead the implementation of EO 70 at the regional and local levels. The
Regional Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict Northern Mindanao (RTF-ELCAC
X), which was created in June 2019, serves as the apex body that operationalizes the WNA
regionwide. The local task forces – ELCAC (LTFs-ELCAC) serve as institutional mechanisms to
translate the objectives of EO 70 on the ground, including the integration and coordination of
national and local peace efforts and initiatives. As of Fiscal Year (FY) 2022, a total of 2,120 LTFs
were created, thereby cascading and strengthening collaboration among stakeholders on peace and
development at all levels. Said task forces continue to allocate resources for ELCAC-related
programs, activities, and projects (PAPs).

The RTF-ELCAC X/Region X Peace and Order Council (RPOC-X) Internal Security Operations
Coordinating Center (OpCen/ISO) continues to operate and serve as the venue for RTF-ELCAC
X Technical Working Group (TWG) meetings and other peace and development related activities.
The establishment of the OpCen/ISO and its Common Working Area also marked the region’s
completion of all directives cited in the National Task Force (NTF)-ELCAC Joint Memorandum
Circular No. 1 (s. 2019).296

The force of CTGs in the region continues to weaken. The military conducted armed
engagements and Focus Military Operations (FMOs) resulting in the dismantling of eight CTG
guerilla fronts, neutralization of 4,633 CTG members, seizure of 841 high and low-powered fire
arms, and the clearing of 16 hideouts from 2019 to 2022. The region also registered 4,437
surrenderees over the same reference period. The FMOs likewise caused the redirection of the
target Communist-Affected Mass Organizations.

Armed engagements and FMOs are complemented by intelligence, security, checkpoint, and law
enforcement support operations of the entire security sector. These resulted in fewer atrocities and
zero New People's Army-initiated violent incidence along main highways in the region.
In October 2022, the National Grid Corporation Plant’s tower located in Lanao del Norte was
bombed by lawless elements. This incident prompted the region to be more vigilant in protecting
existing critical infrastructure to avoid potential disruptions and harm to people and properties.

To strengthen the capacity of communities in fighting insurgency and further protecting and
developing the communities, 168 People’s Organizations (POs) were established in conflict-
affected areas (CAAs) whose members include youth, women, and farmers.

In 2021, the region conducted 355 LPEs, which include information and education campaigns
(IECs), youth leadership summit, Indigenous Peoples (IPs) and Local Chief Executives Forum, and
peace dialogues and consultations, among others. The region also sustained the Retooled
Community Support Program (RCSP) in priority barangays. Most of the target RCSP barangays
were successfully conducted from 2019 to 2021.

Other peace-building initiatives conducted include: a) peace dialogues, orientations, and

community consultations organized by existing local structures and mechanisms; b) advocacy on
Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism (PCVE); c) joint meetings of the Provincial Peace
and Order Council and Provincial Anti-Drug Abuse Council; and d) barangay assemblies. These
activities support the shift from a predominantly militaristic solution to a people-centered security
strategy that is founded on broad-based and collaborative consultations and engagements with key
stakeholders.

Various activities were also initiated to foster a more inclusive and evidence-based peace-building
and peace promotion. The region successfully conducted an Inter-Faith Forum on 13 December
2021, which provided a venue among various faith-based groups—including Christians, Muslims,
and Lumad or IPs—to discuss identity-based and ideology-based differences. Policy
recommendations from the Regional Development Council of Northern Mindanao (RDC-X)
sanctioned ELCAC researches were endorsed to concerned agencies for support and appropriate
action.

The region has been successful in channeling resources to its focus areas since 2019. Based on
the Innovative Platform for Priority Programs, Projects and Activities’ Location Assessment,
Monitoring, Investment Programming, and Budgeting for Development Planning and
Governance (IPA-LAMDAG) monitoring system, PHP72.9 billion worth of CAPDev PAPs were
implemented in conflict-affected/vulnerable, poverty-stricken, and geographically isolated and
disadvantaged areas from 2019 up to the third quarter of 2022. This amount accounts for 36
percent of the total regional budget over the period. The steady increase of CAPDev share against
total regional budget over the years,—from 32.1 percent in 2019 to 36.4 percent in the first three
quarters of 2022—is an indication of the region’s success in sustaining and increasing focused
interventions in these areas.

A total of PHP2.97 billion were released in 2021 and 2022 to support socioeconomic and
infrastructure projects in the region’s CTG-cleared barangays under the LGSF-SBDP. Meanwhile,
the Payapa at Masaganang Pamayanan (PAMANA) Program has supported 179 projects from
2018 to 2021, amounting to PHP708.92 million for CTG-cleared barangays.

Communist rebels who surrendered are provided with socioeconomic and other forms of
assistance through the Enhanced Comprehensive Local Integration Program (E-CLIP). From 2017
to 2021, a total of 1,568 former rebels (FRs) were assisted amounting to PHP68.35 million. In
addition, halfway houses for the FRs in the provinces of Bukidnon, Misamis Occidental, and
Misamis Oriental, and the city of Cagayan de Oro were completed.

In spite of these gains, there are persistent challenges that must be addressed. Poverty is still
evident in several Geographically Isolated and Disadvantaged Areas (GIDAs), CAAs, and Conflict-
Vulnerable Areas (CVAs). The RDC-X Secretariat updated the list of CAPDev focus barangays to
consider changes in conflict-affectation profiles amid successful civil-military operations, latest
barangay level poverty data based on the National Household Targeting System for Poverty
Reduction (NHTS-PR) or Listahanan 3, latest data on GIDA barangays, and susceptibility to most
common type of hazards, namely flooding and rain-induced landslides (RIL), which is an
additional criterion.

Table 14.1.1 shows that out of the 351 CAPDev Focus Barangays, 73 (20.79%) are in Focus Area
A, 193 (54.98%) are in Focus Area B, and 85 (24.22%) are in Focus Area C.

FOCUS AREA CRITERIA NO. OF BARANGAYS

A Barangays with CVA, poverty incidence of 50% and above, 73
GIDA, and susceptibility to hazards (flooding/RIL)
B Barangays with CVAs plus 1-2 other parameters (poverty 193
incidence of 50% and above, GIDA, or susceptibility to
hazards
C Barangays with poverty incidence of 50% and above, GIDA, 85
or susceptibility to hazards
Total 351
Other development concerns include: a) possible resurgence of CTGs if programs and projects are
not sustained in cleared barangays; b) decreasing allocation for LGSF-SBDP; c) inadequate social
preparation and lack of available opportunities after enrollment of the FRs to E-CLIP; d) lack of
early warning mechanism, response prevention, and early response on insurgencies/armed conflict
for the vulnerable barangays/communities; e) unstable peace and security in hinterland barangays
due to the presence of CTGs and local terrorist groups, f) unresolved tenurial and land conflicts
(See Chapter 2); and g) lack of access to agri-economic opportunities among CVAs (See
Chapter 7).

All forms of criminality have been reduced. End-of-plan (EOP) targets in the Regional
Development Plan 2017-2022 in reducing average monthly crime rates (AMCR) on both index
and non-index crimes, decreasing murder rate, improving crime response time, and increasing
crime solution efficiency rate (CSER) were achieved. Between 2017 and 2021, AMCR reduced from
39.2 to 23.8 per 100,000 population; murder rate decreased from 1.27 to 0.46 per 100,000
population; crime response time improved from 4.3 to 3.4 minutes, and CSER increased from
72.73 percent to 81.94 percent.

Greater police presence and the sustained conduct of Enhanced Managing Police Operation
(EMPO)297 contributed to the reduction in AMCR and the positive performance of most crime-
related indicators in the previous plan.298 Amid said accomplishments, the police-to-population
ratio is still below standard at 1:525 in 2021 as against the target of 1:500. The emergence of
cybercrime threaten public safety and challenge the capacities of the police to aptly respond to said
felony.

Counter-operations against illegal drugs were strengthened. The Regional Oversight

Committee on Barangay Drug Clearing of Northern Mindanao (ROCBDC-X)299 managed to
reduce drug-affected barangays from 1,869 barangays in 2017 to 504 in 2021. However, there is a
need to address the loopholes in the implementation of RA 9165 or the Comprehensive Dangerous
Drugs Act of 2002 and improve law enforcement operations and reduce acquittal of drug violators.

Abuse cases and violence against vulnerable groups persist. In 2021, alarming increase in
incidence is noted in cases of children-in-conflict-with-the-law (111 cases vs. 94 EOP), gender-
based violence (842 cases vs. 639 EOP), and abuse against women and children (866 cases vs. 740
EOP). The police sector’s advocacy campaigns boosted public awareness and contributed to the
increased reporting of cases alongside a confluence of other factors. The lack of a holistic approach
and established reporting/referral mechanism remains a pressing concern.
The security sector’s modernization efforts need to be sustained. Damages due to fire were kept
below 0.1 percent of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) from 2017 to 2021. However, the
firefighter-to-population ratio is still below standard and the inadequacy of stations deter faster
response time in all public emergencies. More resources are needed to respond promptly to all
forms of threats to public safety (See Chapter 16). The security sector will continue to enhance its
capabilities through acquisition of modern equipment and various camp development program.

Strategy Framework
For the plan period, the region will build on its significant gains in the past six years along peace
and security, which are preconditions towards economic transformation. Thus, the region will
continually enhance its capacities in responding to all forms of internal and non-traditional
threats. It will also sustain and scale-up efforts in addressing the root causes of armed conflict
through WNA and the CAPDev Program.

In ensuring peace and security as foundation of sustainable development, the sector will pursue
the following major outcomes: 1) protection and development of CAAs/CVAs sustained; 2) quality
of life of people safeguarded against criminality; and 3) protection and safety against natural
hazards and other security threats ensured. Hence, the framework embodies an integrated,
transparent, people-centered, and human rights-based peace and security policy.
Strategies
Outcome 1: Protection and development of Conflict-Affected
Areas/Conflict-Vulnerable Areas (CAAs/CVAs) sustained
The implementation of EO 70 in previous years improved the peace and security situation and
facilitated attainment of development outcomes. Thus, the region will sustain efforts in protecting
and developing CAAs/CVAs through the following strategies: a) expedite normalization and
reintegration of former combatants and their families and the rehabilitation of CAAs/CVAs;
b) strengthen and sustain CAPDev Program and ensure that development interventions are
conflict-sensitive and peace-promoting; c) strengthen LPE and peace-building initiatives by
broadening the constituency that supports the peace process and effective convergence;
mainstreaming of culture, peace, and conflict-sensitivity in education and government work; and
strengthening the various barangay-based institutions along ELCAC; and d) establish appropriate
mechanisms to counter threats from terrorism, radicalization, and violent extremism.
Expedite normalization and reintegration of former combatants and their families
and the rehabilitation of conflict-affected communities

The RTF-ELCAC X will continue to develop and execute strategies to expedite normalization and
reintegration of former combatants and their families and the rehabilitation of conflict-affected
communities. Concerned agencies and local government units (LGUs) will harmonize and
improve systems and procedures in providing social reintegration programs and socioeconomic
assistance. The Listahanan Program or the NHTS-PR of the Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD) will help the government, the private sector, and civil society organizations
(CSOs) in identifying households that need assistance the most.

Strengthen and sustain the CAPDev Program and ensure that development
interventions are conflict-sensitive and peace-promoting

The CAPDev Program will be continually mainstreamed in the entire development planning,
budgeting, and implementation machinery and process. It will be sharpened to become more
effective in reducing poverty in focus areas through CAPDev 2.0 implementation. Under CAPDev
2.0, the current structure will be reviewed to consider strategies that would allow for stronger and
more meaningful involvement and participation of LGUs, the private sector, and CSOs in
implementing CAPDev program.

The CAPDev Program will be complemented with the continuing implementation of the E-CLIP
and LGSF-SBDP of the DILG, the Tatag ng Imprastraktura para sa Kapayapaan at Seguridad
(TIKAS) Program of the Department of National Defense and the Department of Public Works
and Highways, PAMANA Program of the Office of the Presidential Adviser on Peace,
Reconciliation and Unity (OPAPRU), and the modernization and camp development programs of
the security sector.

With additional financial resources from the national government to the LGUs resulting from the
Mandanas-Garcia Ruling, the LGUs will have the financial means to implement ELCAC/CAPDev
PAPs. Potential partners from the private sector will also be engaged and mobilized for CAPDev.
The region will further enlist the support of CSOs, faith-based organizations, the private sector,
and other stakeholders for the CAPDev program, and call for increased and sustained funding for
LGSF-SBDP. The RTF-ELCAC X and its Project Technical Assessment Team will
work closely with local stakeholders in ensuring the timely and the successful implementation of
the LGSF-SBDP projects.
The government, private sector, and CSOs will ensure that the design and implementation of
socioeconomic development packages are conflict-sensitive and peace-promoting.

Strengthen Local Peace Engagement and peace-building initiatives

The RTF-ELCAC X and its development partners will strengthen LPE and peace-building
initiatives by: a) broadening the constituency that supports the peace process and effective
convergence; b) mainstreaming culture, peace, and conflict-sensitivity in education and
government work; and c) strengthening the various barangay-based institutions along ELCAC.

The RDC-X and the RTF-ELCAC X will likewise: a) review the implementing rules and regulations
of Proclamation No. 1093 that grants amnesty to FRs; b) push for the creation and establishment
of a Task Force/Committee on Rido300 settlements in the Muslim areas; and c) sustain or develop
alternative and practical mechanisms to resolve conflicting tenurial claims, while lobbying for the
passage of the National Land Use Bill as a durable solution (See Chapter 2). It will also push for the
creation of more POs for women, youth, farmers, IPs, and marginalized groups, especially in
CAAs/CVAs, and ensure their functionality.

Establish appropriate mechanisms to counter threats from terrorism, radicalization,

and violent extremism

The security sector and its partners will enhance capacities and establish engagement protocols
and mechanisms to counter threats from terrorism, radicalization, and violent extremism, as well
as prevent re-entry of CTGs in cleared areas. These involve: a) institutionalizing PCVE
interventions at the regional and local levels; b) increasing awareness of the general public on peace
and security strategies of the government through laymanized IEC materials; c) increasing
capacities of communities to address conflicts and reduce their vulnerabilities; d) implementing
measures to prevent business owners from giving revolutionary tax; e) enlisting support and
ensuring the participation of local governments, civil society, faith-based organizations, the private
sector, and other stakeholders in LPE and other anti-insurgency efforts; and f) expediting the
issuance of Joint AFP-Philippine National Police (PNP) Intelligence Committee (JAPIC).

Outcome 2: Quality of life of people safeguarded against criminality

The security sector will sustain efforts in fostering a safe environment where vibrant
socioeconomic activities thrive, and people enjoy improved quality of life. For the plan period,
regional and local stakeholders will converge to deter all forms of crime and intensify efforts to
combat child and gender-based abuse cases.

Sustain and intensify law enforcement operations and crime counter-prevention

tactics in line with the PNP PATROL Plan 2030

The security sector will sustain and intensify its law enforcement operations, crime prevention and
control programs, intelligence services, and counter-intelligence operations. This is consistent
with the Philippine National Police (PNP) PATROL Plan 2030 or the Peace and Order Agenda for
Transformation and for Upholding the Rule-of-Law, which is the police force’s roadmap in
pursuing lasting peace and order.

The PNP Region X (PNP-X) will also push for the construction, rehabilitation, and upgrading of
police regional headquarters, stations, and other facilities to improve surveillance in
predetermined locations. Strategic positioning alongside increased police presence will be pursued
based on crime mapping and intel-based crime information. This approach will be more
responsive to all forms of internal incidents (e.g., criminality, local communist armed conflict,
other threats to public safety), and non-traditional threats (e.g., cybercrime, public emergencies).

Murder incidents will be reduced by strengthening the EMPO and vigilance of the PNP-X. The
passage and implementation of the Revitalized Pulis sa Barangay Program will bolster police forces
and resources. Equipment and facilities among the provincial offices of the PNP-X will be
rationalized (e.g., excess patrol mobiles) for more responsive police operations vis-à-vis provincial
land/service area. The Coast Guard District Northern Mindanao (CGDNM) and Bantay Dagat
groups will converge efforts to prevent entry by pump boats of possible insurgents/wanted persons.
Enabling policies on setting-up interoperable closed-circuit television (CCTV) for crime
deterrence and reporting will be reinforced and strengthened at the national and local levels.

Promote a holistic approach in countering the proliferation of illegal and dangerous

drugs

The ROCBDC-X will continue to be relentless in clearing the remaining 504 drug-affected
barangays in the region. This will be pursued through a people-centered, holistic, and human
rights-based tactics. The government and other key stakeholders will sustain a whole-of-nation
approach in combating illegal drug trade and abuse through collaborative efforts and strategic
linkages among the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency Region X, PNP-X, and barangay
communities.
The region recognizes that barangay officials and community stakeholders are the first line of
defense at the grassroots level. Thus, more trainings on RA 9165301 will be conducted to barangay
officials and law enforcement personnel to improve drug counter-operations and reduce
incidences of acquittal of drug re-offenders due to loopholes in the law.

The ROCBDC-X, in coordination with the Barangay Anti-Drug Abuse Councils (BADACs) and
law enforcement agencies, will pursue restorative and preventive interventions for Persons Who
Use Drugs (PWUD) through a holistic and balanced approach that integrates health, human
rights, security, and science-based considerations in said interventions.

Strengthen and expand police engagements with communities on crime deterrence,

especially on child and gender-based abuse cases

The Northern Mindanao Regional Advisory Group on Police Transformation and Development
will be operationalized to expand police engagements with stakeholders. This will ensure that
relevant sector advisers from regional line agencies, LGUs, private sector, non-government
organizations (NGOs), and the academe will be consulted on interventions that will assist the
PNP-X in addressing pressing matters pertaining to peace and order in the region.

The region will heighten efforts to uphold and promote women and gender rights, and protect
vulnerable groups, including the IPs (See Subchapter 6.2). A working/operational emergency
hotline (free of charge) and referral mechanisms for VAWC cases, domestic abuses, and other
types of distress call will be established at the PNP-X, DSWD-X, and Social Welfare and
Development Offices of the LGUs. Intensified advocacy/symposia on RA 9262302 and RA 7610303
will be sustained. Commitments from the LGUs will be sought in preventing gender-based
violence, abuse cases, and juvenile offenses, as well as in restoring to society the CICL.304

Outcome 3: Protection and safety against natural hazards and other

security threats ensured
The security sector’s capacities will be strengthened along humanitarian assistance and disaster
response. This will be done through the modernization programs of the PNP-X, Bureau of Fire
Protection Region X (BFP-X), and the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Offices,
which would equip them to respond to natural calamities and cybercrime adequately and
promptly. Heightened surveillance will also be implemented in protecting critical lifeline
infrastructures.
Improve capacity and capability of security forces and LGUs in providing
humanitarian assistance and responding to disasters and other public emergencies

Modernization and capability enhancement of the security sector agencies and LGUs will be
expedited to effectively respond to public emergencies and protect critical assets, including digital
infrastructures. Trainings on Search, Rescue, and Retrieval (SRR) operations for the security sector
and basic life emergency response for volunteer groups will be sustained to generate a pool of
capacitated reservists and civilians.

Improved implementation of the BFP Modernization Act will be continually sought to increase
the number and enhance the capability of firefighters together with the upgrading of protection
equipment to respond to fire, especially in high-rise buildings. These include providing adequate
BFP ambulance and rescue vehicles in responding to emergencies and calamities, including public
health emergencies (See Subchapter 4.1). Standard fire stations will also be constructed in strategic
locations in cities and municipalities with LGUs providing the lots.

The LGUs will also ensure the effective implementation and monitoring of their respective Local
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plans and Contingency Plans, which integrate
Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases (See Chapter 16). This will ensure prompt
activation of the Incident Command System (ICS) and mobilization of the security sector in
safeguarding public safety. Gender-sensitive and responsive emergency response will be rolled-out
with due consideration to Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) and vulnerable groups in providing
humanitarian assistance during disasters and public emergencies (See Chapter 16).

Protect critical infrastructure and strategic assets

The PNP-X, in coordination with deployed Philippine Army (PA) units, will ensure the protection
of vital and critical lifeline infrastructure and assets (e.g., transmission towers) against lawless
groups to avoid disruption in public services. The security sector will heighten security in
vulnerable and remote areas (e.g., Lanao del Norte and Bukidnon) by strengthening capabilities of
local communities and force multipliers, improving coordination between and among
communities and the security sector, and enlisting the assistance of stakeholders, especially the
LGUs. Vulnerability mapping and risk assessment will also be carried out for anticipatory planning
and prevention and mitigation measures.
Strengthen security and resilience of the region’s cyberspace

The Philippine Development Plan 2023-2028 lays out the national government’s commitment
toward creating a safe cyberspace through the National Cybersecurity Plan, and the activation of
the National Computer Emergency Response Team and the National Cybersecurity Operations
Center. The central and regional offices of the Department of Information and Communications
Technology (DICT), PNP, and the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI), together with the
National Privacy Commission and other duty-bearers will harmonize systems and actions in
combating illicit internet activities and thwarting digital crimes, especially in financial transactions
(See Chapter 12). Capacities of PNP-X’s ACG in terms of workforce, equipment, and training will
be strengthened to counter cybercrime offenses.305

Northern Mindanao will further narrow the digital divide, especially in areas with dead-spots (See
Chapter 13), while protecting the people’s vulnerability against cybercrimes. The coronavirus
disease (COVID-19) pandemic created a new window of vulnerability of data, people, and systems.
Hence, promoting cybersecurity literacy and vigilance requires citizens’ awareness of the
global/country/region/local-specific context to better understand the threat landscape
proliferating online, including fake news and disinformation (See Chapters 12 and 15).

To this end, the PNP-X will sustain its anti-cybercrime programs such as: a) Cybercrime
Awareness Lecture, b) Anti-Cybercrime Group (ACG) e-Complaint desk and hotline,
c) CyberCop initiatives, d) distribution of leaflets, and e) advocacy using tri-media and social
media platforms. The implementation of the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) Registration Act
is also seen to deter cybercrime.

Cross-cutting strategies
Sustain monitoring of LGU’s compliance to good governance principles in upholding
peace and order

The DILG-X will continuously monitor the functionality of Provincial/ City/Municipal/Barangay

Peace and Order Councils. Regional and local partnerships will be strengthened to counter and
prevent security threats that cut across LGU borders in the region. Checkpoints will be enforced
as needed in strategic locations. The region will strengthen inter-agency partnerships among the
PNP-X, PA units, NBI-X, CGDNM, and community participation in preventing crimes. Capacity
of the Barangay Peace-keeping Action Team (BPAT) will be improved to combat and resolve peace
and order problems at the grassroots level (See Chapter 15). Human-rights will be upheld at all
stages of law enforcement operations.

Ensure gender mainstreaming and protection of vulnerable groups in conflict

affected communities

Affirmative action will be taken to ensure protection and welfare of women, children, youth,
elderly person, person with disabilities (PWDs), and internally-displaced persons (IDPs) during
and after crises situations. The region will likewise ensure a gender perspective in armed and other
conflict resolution and in the administration of justice. The protection and welfare of vulnerable
groups will be fully integrated in the formulation and implementation of plans, programs, and
projects of the region.

Mobilize a broad-based constituency for peace

The region will continue to forge ties with the business sector, NGOs, CSOs, inter-faith groups,
POs, academe, and other stakeholders in pursuing peace and development agenda. Private Sector
Organizations (PSOs) will provide socioeconomic interventions based on the thrusts of their
corporate social responsibility. CSOs, NGOs, and POs will also be mobilized to assist in social
preparation and provide interventions in communities.

Inter-faith groups (e.g., Archdiocese of Cagayan de Oro), the National Commission on Muslim
Filipinos Region X (NCMF-X), the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples Region X (NCIP-
X), and faith-based/ecumenical groups will sustain convergent actions for peace-building. This
includes strengthened and widened implementation of initiatives such as Tulay Kalinaw
Mindanaw: Peace-Building and Reconciliation, Peace Conversations/Dialogues, and Ecumenical
Education and Nurture (See Subchapter 4.2). The NCMF-X will also operationalize the Task Force
Umpia Kalilintad and United Ulama306 to broaden constituency for peace among Islamic groups.
Legislative Agenda
The following legislative agenda will be pursued to further improve the security landscape and
attain just and lasting peace in the region.

RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE AGENCIES

National Defense Act This aims to amend Commonwealth Act No. 1 (National Defense Department of
Act of 1935) by streamlining and further professionalizing the National Defense
Department of National Defense (DND) and its bureaus. The (DND), Armed Forces
legislation will also help the Armed Forces of the Philippines of the Philippines
(AFP), including its units operating in Northern Mindanao, in (AFP)
addressing current and future non-conventional security
threats to national security.

This legislative measure aims to sustain the gains of the AFP in

its community support program and focused military
operations. Complementary field police personnel will be
deployed in strategic barangays to ensure the safe
implementation of Barangay Development Programs in priority
focused areas in the region.
An Act Providing for the Crime prevention and policing become more complex and PNP, Department of
Revitalization and Capability challenging over the years amid a constantly growing the Interior and
Enhancement of the population, rapid technological advancement, and innovations Local Government
Philippine National Police in law enforcement and crime prevention.
(PNP), Appropriating Funds
Therefore and for Other This legislative measure aims to sustain the gains of the AFP in
Purposes its community support program and focused military
operations. Complementary field police personnel will be
deployed in strategic barangays to ensure the safe
implementation of Barangay Development Programs in priority
focused areas in the region.
Cybersecurity Act This aims to strengthen the cybersecurity workforce in the Department of
country and strengthen capabilities of the Department of Information and
Information and Communications Technology (DICT) by Communication
providing it with regulatory authority over critical information Technology
infrastructure and the cybersecurity industry. Moreover, the
legislation is seen to strengthen security and resilience of the
region’s cyberspace against cyber threats.
Establishing a Camp Consistent with the AFP Modernization Program, there is a DND, AFP, PNP,
Development Fund for the need to establish a Camp Development Fund for the AFP, Department of
AFP, Appropriating the Sum especially for its divisions and units throughout the country. Budget and
of Five Billion Pesos Management
Annually for Five Years
 RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE AGENCIES

Military camps are considered essential grounds for lodging,

personnel training, and strategizing ways in ensuring and
maintaining peace and stability and protecting territorial
integrity of the country.

The proposal also espouses for the enhancement of the

capability of the military in addressing existing, new, and
emerging security threats.307

Research Agenda

RESPONSIBLE
RESEARCH AGENDA RATIONALE AGENCIES

Review the provisions of The study aims to review the provisions of salary grade of the AFP Department of
salary grade of the AFP civilian personnel in view of the modernization program of the Budget and
civilian personnel, in view of AFP. As claimed, the civilian personnel of the AFP (e.g., Management, Civil
the modernization program accountant, nurses, etc.) are not receiving salaries that are Service
of the AFP (See Chapter 15). commensurate to their profession while performing their Commission,
functions as licensed individuals. National Economic
and Development
Authority, Armed
Forces of the
Philippines (AFP)
Monitoring the progress on Said proclamations grant amnesty to the members of the Moro Department of the
the finalization of the Islamic Liberation Front (MILF), Moro National Liberation Front Interior and Local
Implementing Rules and (MNLF), Rebolusyunaryong Partido ng Manggagawa ng Pilipinas, Government, AFP,
Regulations (IRR) of Revolutionary Proletarian Army, Alex Boncayao Brigade (RPMP- Philippine National
Proclamation No. 1093, the RPA-ABB), and the Communist Terrorist Group who committed Police, Local
Philippine Government crimes in furtherance of their political belief. The granting of Government Unit
provides amnesty to former amnesty will be crucial to the national government’s efforts of
rebels of the communist regaining the trust and confidence of former rebels.
terrorist group (CTG)
Considering the provision of said law and the thrust of the
government to end local communist armed conflict, and the
alleged lack of proper reintegration program for former rebels,
there is a need to monitor the finalization and subsequent
implementation of said IRR to ensure that the provisions are in
place and properly observed.
Results Matrix (Core Indicators)
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
BASE END OF
MEANS OF AGENCYa/
INDICATORS LINE PLAN
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
(YEAR) TARGET
ENTITYb
Subchapter 1 – Ensure Peace and Security
Outcome 1: Protection and development of conflict-affected and conflict-vulnerable communities sustained
Target Percentage 119 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Department of DILG-X, All
beneficiary
of Barangay barangays the Interior and concerned
Development (100%) Local Line of Efforts
[2021]
Program Government (LOEs)
Beneficiary- Region X
Barangays 147 (DILG-X)
provided with beneficiary Accomplishment
barangays
socioeconomic [2022] Report
interventionsc
achieved
Poverty incidence 42.8% decreasing Listahanan Department of
in conflict-affected Latest Social Welfare
and conflict- Standardized Region X
vulnerable areas Targeting
decreased System
Percentage of 27% 32% 37% 42% 47% 52% 55% 55% Innovative National
proposed (2022) Platform for Economic and
Convergence Areas PPA's Location Development
for Peace and Assessment, Authority
Development Monitoring, Region X
(CAPDev) Projects Investment (NEDA-X), All
funded (Proposed/ Programming, concerned
General and Budgeting Regional Line
Appropriations Act for Development Agencies
or GAA-funded) Planning and (RLAs)
increased Governance
(IPA-LAMDAG)/
Regional Project
Monitoring and
Evaluation
System (RPMES)
Report
Percentage of 36.0% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 65% IPA-LAMDAG/ NEDA-X, All
funded CAPDev RPMES Report concerned
Projects 2022 (as RLAs
of 3rd
implemented
quarter)
increased (Funded/
Implemented)
Outcome 2: Quality of life of people safeguarded from criminality
Average monthly 12.92 10.69 10.15 9.64 9.15 8.69 8.25 8.25 Crime Incident Philippine
index crime rate (2021) Reporting and National Police
reduced (per Analysis System Region X
(PNP-X)
100,000 population) (CIRAS)
 ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
BASE END OF
MEANS OF AGENCYa/
INDICATORS LINE PLAN
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
(YEAR) TARGET
ENTITYb
Crime solution 77.80 80.7 82.1 83.6 85 86.4 87.9 87.9 CIRAS PNP-X
efficiency rate (2021)
improved (%)
Number of murder 287 267 254 241 229 218 207 207 CIRAS PNP-X
cases reduced (2021)
Number of 108 103 100 98 96 94 92 92 CIRAS PNP-X
reported children (2021)
in conflict with the
law (CICL) reduced
Number of 1,328 1,302 1,289 1,276 1,263 1,250 1,238 1,226 CIRAS PNP-X
reported gender- (2021)
based violence
cases (includes e-
VAW) reduced
Number of reported abuse cases reduced
Women 867 849 841 832 823 815 807 799 CIRAS PNP-X
(2021)
Children 975 955 945 935 925 915 905 895 CIRAS PNP-X
(2021)
Percentage of (73.0%) 74.4% 79.4% 84.4% 89.5% 94.5% 100% 100% Regional PNP-X,
drug-affected (1,365) (1,869) Oversight National
barangays cleared (2021) Committee on Bureau of
increased (total of Barangay Drug Investigation
1,869 drug affected Clearing Region X,
barangays) Program-X DILG-X
Report

Outcome 3: Protection and safety from hazards and other threats ensured
Damages due to 0.002% 0.018% 0.016% 0.014% 0.012% 0.011% 0.010% Below Agency Report Bureau of Fire
fire incidence kept of GRDP 0.01% of Protection
below 0.01% of (PHP153. GRDP Region X
767
Gross Regional
million)
Domestic Product (2021)
(GRDP)
Number of Monthly 1,242 1,117 987 862 737 483 450 420 CIRAS PNP-X
Cyber Crime (2021)
incidence reduced
a/
Agency accountable for delivering the outputs/achievement of outcomes
b/
Lead agency responsible for reporting progress on indicator targets
c/
Percent of target SBDP barangays; TBD, waiting for the inputs from DSWD-X
Major and Catalytic Programs and Projects308
The region’s sustained pursuit for genuine and lasting peace, and stable security will be realized
through the following programs and projects:

 DND-DPWH TIKAS Convergence Program;

 PAMANA Program;
 CAPDev Program;
 AFP Modernization Program: Camp Development Program;
 Construction/rehabilitation/upgrading of police regional headquarters, stations, and other
facilities;
 PNP-X Law Enforcement Operations, Crime Prevention and Control Programs;
 BFP Modernization Program (continuing upgrading of all equipment/facilities, construction
of fire stations and district office, as well as, required fire-fighter trainings); and
 Camp Development Program of the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG).
Subchapter 14.2 Enhance Administration of
Justice
The region recognizes the critical role of justice in economic and social transformation. In the last six
years, the region logged higher prosecution success rate and lower jail congestion rate, both better than
country averages. Despite remarkable performance, the justice sector will sustain these improvements
while accelerating the digitalization of justice processes and making more accessible legal services.
Critical interventions to standardize jail management and intensify parole and probation
administration will also be implemented to improve the quality of life of Persons Deprived of Liberty
(PDL). Improving public confidence in the region’s justice system will help realize Northern Mindanao’s
development aspiration in the next six years.

Assessment and Challenges

Availability of prosecution office at all times facilitated disposition of cases. The release of
responsive issuances309 facilitated a steady increase in the disposition of cases from 95 percent in
2016 to 97.85 percent in 2021. The prosecution success rate—the number of convictions vis-à-vis
acquittals—of all criminal cases pending in court improved by 6.5 percentage points (88.91% in
2017 to 95.41% in 2021). Prosecutors’ caseloads also improved from 203 in 2017 to 164 in 2021.

While said performance indicates improved access to justice system, the absence/non-operation
of a Justice Sector Coordinating Council (JSCC)310 in Northern Mindanao affects the overall
efficiency of case disposition. The JSCC can establish a Justice Zone (JZ), which will facilitate the
sharing of case information and resources among agencies for an improved delivery of justice
services. Further, this can help identify and address bottlenecks and delays in the case processing
pipeline, which includes issues on unfilled prosecution vacancies.

Overcrowding in jails has been reduced. Speedy construction of jail facilities, expeditious
hearings, and prompt disposition of cases including plea bargaining on drugs, brought down
congestion rate to 113 percent in 2021 from 460 percent in 2017. The resumption of Good Conduct
Time Allowances (GCTA)311 in 2020 made the law more accessible for eligible PDL.

Welfare of PDL remains wanting. PDL are confronted with challenges in terms of inadequate
food312 and lack of appropriate facilities (e.g., for PDL with mental health conditions). Several jail
facilities do not have ICT systems to implement e-dalaw for virtual meet-ups with PDL’s families.
Jail officers’ ratio to PDL in 2021 was 1:4, lower than the RDP target of 1:3.313 The ratio will be
revisited and recalculated based on the new deployment tool of the Bureau of Jail Management
and Penology (BJMP), which will include additional parameters.314 The fragmented management
of correctional systems in the country by the BJMP, which manages city and municipal jails,
Bureau of Corrections under the Department of Justice (DOJ), and provincial LGUs contributes
to the lack of uniformity of standards in the treatment of PDL. Recidivism315 and prison-based
criminality are also attributed to inhumane treatment and inadequate services and facilities.

Productive reintegration of released PDL is inadequate. There is no halfway house for PDL in
Region X that will house, prepare, and enhance the skills and psychological functioning of PDL for
their eventual reintegration in the community. Parole and probation officers often face challenges
in dealing with released PDL and manning community-based corrections. The lack of
comprehensive and sustainable reintegration programs put the welfare and security of PDL at risk.

Strategy Framework
The region’s strategy framework highlights the urgent need for concerted and holistic efforts to
enhance the justice system. The structure integrates an inclusive approach across litigation
processes, legal aid services, and management of PDL. To this end, Northern Mindanao will strive
to attain the following outcomes: 1) quality and efficiency in disposition of cases improved,
2) access to quality, affordable or free legal services by Filipinos enhanced, and 3) quality of life of
PDL improved, and productive reintegration of PDL in the community ensured.
Strategies
Outcome 1: Quality and efficiency in disposition of cases improved
Confidence in the justice system hinges on the quality, efficiency, and timely disposition of cases.
Hence, the region will push for a just, equitable, and rationalized allocation of justice sector
positions to fully operationalize the justice system at all levels. Alternative dispute resolutions will
also be maximized alongside digitalization of initiatives.

Improve human and fiscal resource allocation for justice sector positions

To facilitate prompt disposition of cases, the region will lobby for more human and fiscal resources
for justice sector positions, including prosecution, public attorney, and parole and probation
offices. Provision of such will ensure sufficient ratio of court to prosecutor and to public attorney,
as well as, rationalize caseloads assignments.

The RDC-X will also push for the creation of the JSCC, which will have an oversight function in
identifying areas where additional resources or support are needed to address issues and improve
the overall efficiency of the justice sector. The JSCC can push for the establishment of a JZ and a
more equitable allocation of justice sector positions needed in the region. The realization of the JZ
and these positions will improve the management of the fragmented criminal justice system from
law enforcement to prosecution and courts, and down to correction and community reintegration.
Additional allocations on human and fiscal resources will address justice sector constraints and
the compounded problems created due to budget deficiencies.

Establish one regional judicial district and ensure adequate municipal/extension trial
courts for adjacent/congruent areas

The RDC-X will push for the establishment of one regional judicial district/complex and ensure
adequate municipal/extension trial courts for adjacent/congruent areas to decrease court dockets.
The complex will serve as a hub and one-stop venue for criminal justice, and will have the necessary
infrastructure that houses courts, prosecutors, and public attorneys.

Push for electronic filing and digitalization of the DOJ and Courts

The justice sector will establish a reliable digital infrastructure to minimize the delay in case
disposition. The importance of digitalization was further amplified during the COVID-19
pandemic. This strategy will include the sustained automation of courts and upskilling of
personnel to facilitate digitalization of services such as video conferencing/hybrid hearings. This
will require substantial financial allocation for digital transformation initiatives across the justice
sector for the implementation and cascading of information systems, as well as ensuring the
interoperability of crime database systems.

Expand and maximize the Alternative Dispute Resolution including the expansion
and strengthening of barangay justice system (Katarungang Pambarangay)

The LGUs and the DILG-X will strengthen the barangay, purok, and sitio justice system by
conducting trainings and disseminating relevant laws to enhance the knowledge of barangay
officials and members of the Lupong Tagapamayapa. This will be done alongside the intensified
implementation of ADR to amicably resolve cases and exhausting means to reduce the number of
cases that will be elevated to formal court. This will improve the conduct of ADR at the grassroots
level while the review on the proposed amendments to the scope and jurisdiction of Katarungang
Pambarangay are being undertaken at the national level.

Outcome 2: Access to quality affordable or free legal services by

Filipinos improved
Cognizant of the cost and difficulty in accessing legal services, the region will tap relevant
institutions and the academe in bringing these services closer to the people. Referral mechanisms
will also be put in place to guide and direct litigants on the necessary course of actions. Regional
offices of the DOJ’s public attorneys and prosecutors will work with relevant stakeholders to
improve provision of and access to justice sector processes.

Promote limited law practice through nationwide implementation of the Revised

Law Student Practice Rule

Law schools in Northern Mindanao will be required to fully implement the Revised Law Student
Practice Rule under Rule 138-A of the Rules of Court, which will cater to underprivileged Filipinos
amid expensive and scarce legal services. Law schools will be obliged to establish legal aid clinics
and provide opportunities for accredited law students to assist Filipinos in having just
representation in courts. The legal aid clinics will coordinate with the LGUs in providing services
to target/priority sectors.

Provide free legal aid public directory and referral system

The justice sector agencies in the region, the Northern Mindanao Chapters of the Integrated Bar
of the Philippines (IBP) and Philippine Association of Law Schools, and related legal aid clinics in
the region will map available legal aid services and make these more accessible. This initiative will
be complemented by the intensified advocacy/promotion of free legal services provided by the IBP.
The justice sector will also ensure that the DOJ Action Center is operational in the region, which
will cater to complaints, requests for legal assistance, and queries of walk-in clients.

Expand the Justice on Wheels Program

The Supreme Court will sustain and scale-up Justice on Wheels or the mobile courts program in
the five provinces and two highly urbanized cities in the region. Bringing the courts closer to the
people will make justice more accessible to litigants and ensure faster resolution of cases.

Strengthen the Public Attorney’s Office

In view of the absence of a JSCC and the scant budget allocation for the justice sector,316 the
DOJ-PAO X will participate in the annual budgeting exercise of the RDC-X. This undertaking will
help said office lobby for an increased budget allocation of the DOJ-PAO X to have the needed
plantilla positions and resources (e.g., larger space for mediation proceedings) for the effective
discharge of its functions. The DOJ-PAO X will also strengthen the recruitment process to hire
and retain qualified and committed lawyers and support staff, who will provide high-quality legal
services.
LGUs will be encouraged to provide allowance to PAO lawyers in line with Republic Act 9406. The
DOJ-PAO X will also collaborate with other legal service providers, such as law schools and bar
associations to enhance legal assistance and representation to indigent clients.

Outcome 3: Quality of life of PDL improved, and productive

reintegration of PDL in the community ensured
Fragmented management of jail and correctional facilities in the country compounds problems
affecting the welfare of PDL. Northern Mindanao recognizes this disjoint and lays out the
following strategies, recommendations, and legislative interventions:

Improve penal facilities

Continuing infrastructure development will address congestion in penal facilities. The BJMP-X
and provincial LGUs will push for the construction and urgent repair of facilities to provide
humane living conditions for PDL, especially those who have mental health conditions or special
health needs. Prisons and jails will be built and improved to comply with the standards of prison
planning, including the dimension of cell and other guidelines for accommodation, as set forth in
the UN Minimum Standards for Treatment of Prisoners.

Operationalize the National Preventive Mechanism

The BJMP-X and provincial LGUs will operationalize the National Preventive Mechanism (NPM)
to improve human rights situation of PDL. The Commission on Human Rights Region X
(CHR-X) will perform oversight function to ensure implementation of the NPM. Even prior to the
COVID-19 pandemic, PDL are among the most vulnerable given the conditions in detention
facilities. Hence, in compliance to the country’s commitment to the UN Convention against
Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment and its Optional
Protocol, the government remains duty-bound to respect the human rights and fundamental
freedoms of PDL.

Lobby for a unified penology and corrections system

The RDC-X will lobby for a unified penology and correction system to address the fragmented
management of jails and prisons by the BJMP, LGUs, and Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) under
the DOJ. Said disjoint creates non-standardized treatment of PDL in different penal facilities.
Apart from modernizing the BuCor and the BJMP, and professionalizing their personnel,
integration of the management of jails and prisons under one agency/institution will be pursued
to have a common standard of practice, further professionalize management, and centralize
accountability. To realize this in the medium-term, the BJMP-X will push for an enabling law that
will make the transfer and management of provincial jails from the LGUs to the said agency legally
sound.

Mainstream and sustain the e-Dalaw system

The BJMP-X and provincial LGUs, in partnership with the DICT-X and the private sector, will
upgrade the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment in jail facilities in the
region to sustain the implementation of e-Dalaw system. Said measure will further narrow the
digital divide and provide alternative means of connecting PDL and their families, thus fulfilling
the basic human rights of PDL.

Identify classes of PDL who may be qualified for early release

Implementation of the GCTA will be sustained. The BJMP-X and DOJ-PPA X will create a
database to effectively manage the service sentence of PDL. Said measure will contribute in
decongesting jails while preventing recidivism and other prison-based criminal activities. The
region will lobby for the amendment of Presidential Decree (PD) 968 (s. 1976) for the just release
of PDL to be put under probation.

Upgrade community-based rehabilitation and reintegration of offenders

The DOJ-PPA X will institutionalize a multi-disciplinary rehabilitation mechanism for non-

violent offenders. Said agency, in coordination with key stakeholders, will strengthen the
implementation of EO No. 468 known as Revitalizing the Volunteer Probation Assistant Program
for the rehabilitation and reintegration of probationers and parolees. Equally important, is the
operationalization of the Magna Carta for parole and probation officers for the effective discharge
of their critical roles.

Operationalize the unified referral and monitoring system for former PDL

The DOJ-PAO X, DOJ-PPA X, BJMP-X, and provincial LGUs will strengthen the referral and
monitoring system of released PDL to ensure their welfare and sense of security, especially for
former rebels. The system will also track and ensure the provision of livelihood opportunities for
released PDL for their productive reintegration into society. The DOJ-X PPA will sustain
reformative and restorative justice programs to increase the rate of successful rehabilitation and
reintegration of criminal offenders under the community-based corrections for peace and social
justice.

Construct and ensure operationalization of temporary shelters and drug

rehabilitation centers (Bahay Silangan)

The DOJ-PPA X will fast-track the completion of the first community-based temporary shelter in
Malaybalay City, Bukidnon. The shelter is intended to provide temporary accommodation,
counseling, and rehabilitation services to probationers and parolees who have been released from
detention but do not have a place to stay or the means to support themselves.

Other temporary shelters (Bahay Silangan) for criminal offenders granted probation or parole,
especially drug related cases, will be constructed. The BJMP-X and DSWD-X will jointly manage
said facilities, which are more focused on drug rehabilitation such as drug testing, medical
treatment, and therapeutic activities for PWUD.

Cross-cutting Strategies
Make the justice system more inclusive for the marginalized and vulnerable sectors

To make the justice system more inclusive, victim-centered, child-friendly, and gender-sensitive,
the DOJ-X Offices, PNP-X, and DSWD-X will provide assistance to marginalized sectors such as
women, children, PWDs, senior citizens, and IPs. Said agencies will strengthen convergence to
address fragmented mechanisms in existing witness protection and victim assistance programs.
The region will also support the improvement of Victims Compensation Program, as espoused in
the PDP 2023-2028, by amending RA 7309. This amendment will increase the compensation for
victims of unjust imprisonment and violent crimes, and enhance the accessibility and
administration of the program.

The CHR-X will intensify its efforts in improving access to justice by: a) empowering the poor and
marginalized, especially the IPs, in countering injustice; b) improving legal protection, awareness,
and assistance in coordination with the legal aid clinics of law schools in the region; c) addressing
human rights violations in law enforcement operations and justice systems; d) strengthening
linkages between formal and informal structures or quasi-judicial bodies; and e) monitoring and
evaluating the aforementioned interventions.
Legislative Agenda

RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE
AGENCIES
Unified Penology System The bill aims to unify all penal institutions under one agency to have a Bureau of Jail
common standard of practice, further professionalize management, Management and
and centralize accountability in the treatment of PDL. Penology (BJMP),
Local Government
Units (LGUs),
Department of the
Interior and Local
Government (DILG),
Bureau of Corrections
(BuCor), Department
of Justice (DOJ)
Placing the Provincial The bill intends to integrate all the provincial and sub-provincial jails BJMP
Sub-Provincial, and within the jurisdiction of the BJMP to establish a uniform and
District Jails under the standardized policy on administration and supervision of all local jails.
Jurisdiction of the BJMP Previous legal opinions from the DOJ and DILG have considered the
MOA between LGUs and BJMP as an ultra vires act and legally flawed.
Therefore, it is necessary to amend the substantive law to formally
transfer the authority over provincial jails to the BJMP, ensuring
consistent policy implementation across all jails nationwide.
Creation of Additional Increase the number of prosecutors and public attorneys who are DOJ
Prosecutor and Public assigned to courts for trial duty to improve case management and
Attorney Positions provision of legal assistance.
Justice Sector Institutionalize the JSCC roadmap to create Justice Zones permanent DOJ, Supreme Court
Coordinating Council Secretariat.
(JSCC) Enabling Law
Magna Carta of Probation The work of a PPO involves interaction with convicted and hardened DOJ- Parole and
and Parole Officers criminals in the community. Said officers are exposed to all kinds of Probation
(PPOs) hazards: natural, environmental, structural, cultural, and human- Administration (PPA)
induced perils while conducting visits to clients. Due to lack of
personnel in the field offices, the PPOs multi-task but receive relatively
modest compensation (e.g., no hazard pays and other benefits)
compared to other uniformed personnel. In the exigency of services,
PPOs are assigned to field offices far from their place of residence to
provide the services needed in the field. Hence, the passage of a
Magna Carta of PPOs is proposed.

Said legislation will also upgrade salaries and benefits, especially for
entry level positions, to be at par with other uniformed personnel. This
will include other benefits commensurate to the kind of work that the
PPOs perform to compensate for the perils in the performance of
functions.
 RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE
AGENCIES
Amendments to The amendments will allow the PPO to focus on program DOJ-PPA, Supreme
Presidential Decree (PD) implementation of the community-based rehabilitation of offenders. Court
968, s. 1976: “Establishing Conducting investigation requires a lot of time, effort, and financial
a Probation System, resources. It translates to another 60 days or more of unnecessary
Appropriating Funds stay in jail, instead of the PDLs being released on the day of the
Therefor and for Other promulgation of judgment and grant of probation by the court thereby
Purposes” addressing the problem of jail congestion with PDLs living under sub-
human condition.
Unified Reintegration This will create a comprehensive and holistic rehabilitation and post- BJMP, LGUs, DILG,
Strategy incarceration program for PDL to ensure their successful BuCor, DOJ
reintegration.
Expand the Katarungang This will revisit existing provisions and reassess certain limitations of DOJ, Supreme Court,
Pambarangay the scope of Katarungang Pambarangay such as the residence of DILG
parties involved and threshold of criminal cases that can be settled
by the Lupong Tagapamayapa.
Amendment of This will rationalize requirements to improve accessibility of DILG, DOJ
Recognizance Law or recognizance as non-monetary bail for restorative justice especially
Republic Act 10389 for the indigents (e.g., reconsidering the need for a Sanggunian
Resolution)
BJMP and Bureau of Fire This proposal aims to rectify inequality in rank structure among the BJMP, BFP, DILG
Protection (BFP) Rank line bureaus of the DILG, and other uniformed services. The BFP and
Structure Upgrade and BJMP are headed by their respective chiefs holding the rank of
Reclassification Director, while the Philippine National Police (PNP) and the Armed
Forces of the Philippines (AFP) are headed by their chiefs holding the
rank of Police Director General and General respectively.
Mandating All Prison and This bill intends to provide a mechanism that will bolster and BJMP, BuCor, LGUs
Detention Facilities to intensify the campaign against the entry of contraband and maintain
Implement Contraband stability and security of jail facilities. Said measure is geared towards
Detection and Control the maintenance of peace and order, and enhancement of public
System, Providing safety by penalizing any person providing or possessing contraband
Penalties, and For Other and those who shall aid or abet the introduction of the same, inside
Purposes jail facilities.

Research Agenda
RESEARCH AGENDA RATIONALE RESPONSIBLE AGENCIES
Impact analysis on the This will assess the long-term effects of plea-bargaining on drug State Universities and
Effects of Plea- cases in the reduction of reoffending PDL with drug-related Colleges, Philippine National
Bargaining on Drug cases. Police, Department of the
Cases Interior and Local
Government, National Bureau
of Investigation, Local
Government Units
Results Matrix (Core Indicators)
ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
END OF
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCYa/
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
TARGET
ENTITYb
Outcome 1: Quality and Efficiency in disposition of cases improved
Target disposition 97.85% 97- 97- 97- 97- 97- 97- 97-98c Quarterly DOJ-RPO
rate of all cases (2021) 98c 98c 98c 98c 98c 98c reports of Region X (DOJ-
achieved Department of RPO X)
Justice (DOJ)-
Regional
Prosecution
Office (RPO)
Outcome 2: Access to quality free or affordable legal services by Filipinos improved
Prosecutor to court 1:2 2:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 DOJ-RPO X DOJ-RPO X
ratio improved and (2021) Report
sustained
Public attorney-to- 1:2 2:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 1:1 DOJ-PAO X DOJ-Public
court ratio (2021) Report Attorneys
improved Office Region X
Outcome 3: Quality of life of PDL improved, and production reintegration of PDL in the community ensured
Average congestion 126% 126% 125% 124% 123% 122% 121% 120% Bureau of Jail BJMP-X
rate in jail facilities (2021) Management
reduced and Penology
Region X
(BJMP-X)
Annual Report
Average 95% 95% 96% 96.5% 97% 97.5% 98% 98.5% DOJ-Parole and DOJ-Parole and
participation rate (2021) Probation Probation
of released Administration Administration
Persons Deprived (PPA) Annual Region X
of Liberty (PDL) in Report (DOJ-PPA X)
community-based
reformation and
re-integration
programs of the
DOJ-PPA increased
a/
Agency accountable for delivering the outputs/achievement of outcomes
Lead agency responsible for reporting progress on indicator targets
b/

c/ DOJ-RPO committed targets based on the maximum attainable disposition rate of case
Major and Catalytic Programs and Projects
The strategies of the justice subsector will be translated into the following programs and projects that will
enable the attainment of the outcomes identified in the chapter:
 Construction of Justice Center/District/Judicial Complex;
 Extension Program of Law Schools (e.g., legal aid clinics and mapping of available legal aid services);
 Justice-on-wheels Program;
 Repair and/or construction, as well as, ICT modernization of standard jail facilities to implement e-
Dalaw system;
 MoA/Partnership with agencies (e.g., DA-X, DAR-X, and TESDA-X with BJMP-X) to ensure
adequate provision of food and conduct of livelihood skills training for PDLs;
 Completion of Half-way Houses and construction of Livelihood Training Center in Malaybalay City,
Bukidnon;
 Parole and Probation Administration Program; and
 Volunteer Probation Assistant (VPA) Program.
296
Guidelines on the Operationalization of Executive Order No. 70 (s. 2018) “Institutionalizing the Whole-of-Nation Approach in Attaining Inclusive
and Sustainable Peace, Creating a NTF-ELCAC and Directing.”
297
Employs preventive interventions by the provincial and city police offices (e.g., checkpoints, campaigns against illegal drugs and illegal gambling,
simultaneous anti-criminality law enforcement operations, and campaigns for the arrest of most wanted persons)
298
Indicators which had positive performance include the AMCR and CSE for both index and non-index crimes, number of murder cases, and crime
response time.
299
Composed of the PNP-X, DILG-10, PDEA-X, concerned LGUs, and relevant stakeholders
300
Rido is an act of mutual killing between families of clans who are in conflict. (Source: alqalam.addu.edu.ph)
301
Republic Act 9165 or the "Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002."
302
Anti-Violence Against Women and their Children Act
303
An Act Providing for Stronger Deterrence and Special Protection Against Child Abuse, Exploitation, and Discrimination Act
304
Counter-strategy per NEDA and RDC position paper on children-in-conflict-with-the-law issue, which recommends imposing increased penalties
on the parents and especially individuals who exploit children for the commission of crimes instead of lowering the minimum age of criminal
responsibility (MACR)
305
Cybercrime offenses include computer-related offenses, and other content-related offenses such as cybersex, child pornography, and unsolicited
commercial communication, among others.
306
In Islam, the Ulama are the guardians, transmitters, and interpreters of religious knowledge in Islam, including Islamic doctrine and law
307
https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/3806434507!.pdf
308
Major PAP is defined as ongoing or proposed development program or project of an agency with total investment cost of at least P1 billion and is
aligned with the 8-point agenda of PBBM. Catalytic development program or project, is an ongoing or proposed program or project of an agency
with total investment cost greater or lower than P1 billion, and possesses one or both of the following characteristics: a0 Enhances socioeconomic
growth; and b) Induces crowding-in of resource flows. The details, including the investment targets and project cost are further defined in the
Regional Development Investment Program (RDIP) 2023-2028, which will be formulated in the First Semester 2023.
309
Department of Justice (DOJ) Department Circular Nos. 008-C and 008-D released in April 2020
310
The JSCC is a mechanism for inter-agency coordination and collaboration among the different branches of the justice sector, including the
judiciary, prosecution, law enforcement, and other stakeholders. The JSCC provides a forum for these agencies to exchange information and share
resources, leading to more effective and efficient case management and resolution.
311
GCTA or RA 10592 was suspended by virtue of DOJ-DILG Department Order No. 001 dated 29 August 2020 for the review of said law’s IRR to
clarify ambiguous provisions, which led to past abuses in its implementation. The major feature of the revised IRR clearly provides that PDLs who
are charged or convicted of heinous crimes, recidivists, habitual delinquents, and escapees are disqualified from earning any of the time allowances
provided for under RA 10592, namely, GCTA, Credit for Preventive Imprisonment (CPI), Time Allowance for Study, Teaching and Mentoring
(TASTM) and Special Time Allowance for Loyalty (STAL)
312
Based on the report by the Commission on Human Rights – X in 2022 entitled: On the Right to Adequate Food of Persons Deprived of Liberty
313
The target and actual accomplishment are based on the old policy of the BJMP per Comprehensive Operations Manual, which prescribes the following
ideal personnel-to-PDL ratios: Overall (1:4), Escorting Services (1:3), and Custodial Services (1:7).
314
The BJMP will utilize a new deployment tool, which prescribes minimum standards in determining ideal number of personnel required based on
the following parameters: jail population, facility size, congestion rate, data on high-risk PDL, visitors, and court branches, among others.
315
Recidivism is a term used to describe the behavior of a person who, after being convicted of a crime, reoffends and is subsequently re-convicted. In
the Philippines, the Department of Justice (DOJ) defines recidivism as "the recommitment of a previously convicted offender to any penal institution
for any crime or offense."
316
Batalla, E.V., M. Sta. Romana, and K. Rodrigo. 2018. “The Judiciary Under Threat.” In M. R. Thompson and E.V.C. Batalla, eds., Routledge
Handbook of the Contemporary Philippines. New York: Routledge Philippine Development Plan 2023-2028
1
5
Pract
iceGoodGover nance
andImproveBureaucrati
c
andRegulat
oryEffi
ciency
Practice Good Governance and
Improve Bureaucratic and
Regulatory Efficiency
An open, efficient, and accountable government is imperative to achieve economic transformation.
This will lay down the foundation for a prosperous, inclusive, and resilient society. Hence, participatory
governance, accountable and transparent institutions, efficient government systems, competent and
agile public servants, and streamlined regulatory processes are critical. The ongoing efforts to right size
the bureaucracy and automate systems will improve the way government delivers public goods and
services.

This chapter highlights the challenges that impede good governance and bureaucratic efficiency,
including outcomes to be pursued, namely: a) participatory governance deepened; b) public
accountability and integrity bolstered; c) government functions, systems, and mechanisms rationalized
and strengthened; d) competent, motivated, agile, and resilient public servants supported; and e)
regulatory burden on businesses and individuals reduced.

Assessment and Challenges

Participatory spaces317 were established but citizen engagement needs to be enhanced. From
2017-2022, the functionality of local special bodies (LSBs) in the region, particularly Local Peace
and Order Councils (LPOCs), Anti-Drug Abuse Councils (ADACs), and Local Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Councils showed mixed performance. These LSBs provide venue for
engagement with and participation of non-government and civil society organizations (CSOs) and
promote empowerment of local stakeholders.

In 2020, the monitoring of the functionality of LSBs was suspended due to the pandemic but
resumed in 2021. In 2021, eighty percent of the LPOCs were functional, missing the region’s target
of 100 percent for the year. ADACs reported 91 percent functionality against the target of 95
percent.

Increased citizen participation in national and local elections improved as voter turn-out in the
region increased from 82.95 percent in 2016318 to 85.61 percent in 2022.319 However, voter turn-
out rates vary across provinces with Geographically Isolated and Disadvantaged Areas (GIDAs),
especially in Lanao del Norte posting relatively lower figures.
Wider stakeholder support is needed to combat fake news and disinformation. In 2019, the
Philippine Information Agency Region X (PIA-X) conducted the “Dismiss Disinformation”
campaign in time for the 2019 Midterm Elections.320

In 2022, the Department of Health – Center for Health Development Northern Mindanao
launched “KonsulTayo” to discuss health concerns and provide accurate and updated information
from credible sources to boost information dissemination amid the coronavirus disease (COVID-
19) pandemic.321 However, fake news and disinformation persist especially in digital public
platforms.

Compliance with Full Disclosure Policy (FDP) is improving but remains below target.
Compliance with FDP through posting of reports in conspicuous places and on the FDP portal has
improved from 81 out of 98 local government units (LGUs) or 83 percent in 2017 to 86 out of 98
LGUs or 88 percent in 2021. However, this 2021 accomplishment still fell short by 10 percentage
points against the region’s target of 98 percent.

The LGUs continue to post electronic statement of receipts and expenditures (eSRE),322 which is
used to monitor LGU fiscal capacity, levels of borrowings, and creditworthiness. Meanwhile, there
are still LGUs with no functional websites due to slow internet connectivity and financial
constraints for the establishment and maintenance.323

The region implemented measures aimed at improving government processes and

strengthening government service provision to the general public. The roll-out of the
Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) has already commenced.324 This system aims to
generate updated and disaggregated data necessary in targeting beneficiaries and designing
appropriate policies and interventions. Forty-two LGUs in the region have participated in the
CBMS rollout as of 31 December 2022. Of these, 26 are Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA)-
funded while 16 are LGU-funded.

The implementation of the Philippine Identification System (PhilSys) is ongoing but issuance of
national identification (ID) cards is delayed. As of 31 December 2022, a total of 3.7 million
individuals in the region were registered for the PhilSys. However, only 310,349 physical IDs and
846,618 electronic PhilSys IDs have been issued.
The Regional Development Council of Northern Mindanao (RDC-X) sustained the use of the
Innovative Platform for Programs/Projects/Activities Location Assessment, Monitoring,
Investment Programming, and Budgeting for Development Planning and Governance
(IPA-LAMDAG) in monitoring the implementation of programs, activities, and projects (PAPs)
of regional line agencies and state universities and colleges (SUCs). The RDC-X will rollout this
system to the LGUs to monitor the implementation of local PAPs.

The region continues to pursue the establishment of the Northern Mindanao Regional
Government Center (NMRGC), which will locate government agencies in one area. The
RDC-X passed Resolution No. 44 (s. 2018)325 supporting this project to promote efficiency in the
delivery of government products and services. During the plan period, the RDC-X will look for a
viable area for the proposed center.326

Several LGUs in the region bagged awards for notable and commendable performance. The
province of Camiguin, cities of Cagayan de Oro and Gingoog, and municipalities of Initao and
Salay in the province of Misamis Oriental, and Mambajao in the province of Camiguin were
awarded in their respective categories in the 2022 Cities and Municipalities Competitive Index
(CMCI). In general, CMCI ranking of Region X LGUs between 2017 and 2022 was erratic.327

The Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) was also institutionalized in 2019 through Republic
Act (RA) No. 11292.328 This is an award, incentive, and recognition-based program for LGUs that
promote progress and improved performance in the delivery of government products and services.
Its Implementing Rules and Regulations was approved and published on 29 December 2020.329

The region regularly conducts its annual SGLG assessment, except in 2020 and 2021 due to the
COVID-19 pandemic. While the assessment was still suspended in 2021, field testing of the new
guidelines was piloted in 10 LGUs in Region X in the same year. Out of the LGUs pilot-tested, only
the city of Gingoog, and the municipalities of Kapatagan and Kauswagan in Lanao del Norte
qualified for the SGLG.330 In 2022, a total of 23 LGUs in the region were awarded with the SGLG
using the new guidelines.331 However, during the plan consultation, the delayed dissemination of
SGLG criteria to the LGUs was raised.

All Region X LGUs have submitted their Local Sanggunian-approved devolution transition
plans as of 31 January 2022 in support of Executive Order (EO) 138 (s. 2021)332 also known as
the Full Devolution Policy. However, during the DTP fora and plan consultation in November
2022, the readiness of LGUs to fully assume devolved functions was raised. In addition, 35 percent
of LGUs remain dependent on the National Tax Allotment (NTA), with dependency rates of above
90 percent in 2021 (See Chapter 12). The increase in the NTA is also seen as not commensurate
with the additional devolved functions.333

Government systems evolved amid the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the
adoption of alternative working arrangements to comply with physical distancing protocols.
Government agencies and LGUs also shifted towards paperless systems, zero-contact policies,
online transactions, and virtual platforms334 to ensure that delivery of public services is not
disrupted, especially those that are considered essential. However, poor internet connectivity and
inadequate information and communications technology (ICT) facilities continue to deter the shift
towards digitalization (See Chapter 13).

Measures to improve efficiency and competence of public service were initiated. RLAs and
LGUs were mandated to comply with the Program to Institutionalize Meritocracy and Excellence
in Human Resource Management (PRIME-HRM) per Civil Service Commission (CSC)
Memorandum Circular (MC) No. 3 (s. 2012). This is a mechanism in empowering government
agencies to develop their HR management competencies, systems, and practices toward HR
excellence. However, monitoring of RLA compliance in the region needs to be further
strengthened.

Governance institutes are located outside the region, which means higher cost of travel to get
quality education and training.335 Legislative efforts have been made to establish a Governance
Academy in the region but have not progressed.336 Said academy is seen to offer and ensure access
to governance and leadership courses for government officials and the private sector.

The region implemented reforms to improve bureaucratic efficiency and effective regulatory
management system. The establishment of the Anti-Red Tape Authority Regional Field Office X
(ARTA-X) in November 2022 paves the way for heightened enforcement and monitoring of RA
11032 or the Ease of Doing Business and Efficient Government Service Delivery Act of 2018337 in
the region. The ARTA is tasked to assist government agencies and LGUs in streamlining
government processes, and investigate and resolve complaints of red tape and corruption,
including the fixer system.

The agency also calls for LGUs to establish Electronic Business One Stop Shops (e-BOSS) and
automate business registration and renewal through the Integrated Business Permits and Licensing
System (iBPLS). As of 31 December 2022, a total of 46 LGUs in the region have already established
their iBPLS.338 However, several LGUs in rural areas have not established said system due to poor
internet connectivity.
To further support RA 11032, the RDC-X passed Resolution No. 55 (s. 2019),339 which
recommends the streamlining of issuance of local permits for cell base towers, and Resolution No.
23 (s. 2020)340 on the use of Philippine National Public Key Infrastructure to facilitate paperless
transaction.

Other sector concerns include the following: 1) underutilization of public funds due to rigorous
provisions of RA 9184 or the Government Procurement Reform Act (See Chapter 12); 2) vacant
LGU plantilla positions; 3) retroactive application of new laws (e.g., building construction) that
require considerable investment by businesses and individuals; 4) need for better working
conditions and higher pay or salary grade to keep critical professional groups (e.g., accountants,
nurses, and non-uniformed personnel of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP)); and 5) lack
of security of tenure of some LGU staff. 341

Strategy Framework
Figure 15.1 presents the strategies to practice good governance and improve bureaucratic
efficiency. These will subsequently contribute to providing an enabling environment for the
effective implementation of the RDP 2023-2028. The framework highlights the following
outcomes: a) participatory governance deepened; b) public accountability and integrity bolstered;
c) government functions, systems, and mechanisms rationalized and strengthened; d) competent,
motivated, agile, and resilient public servants supported; and e) regulatory burden on businesses
and individuals reduced. All these complement the bedrock strategies that support economic
transformation for a prosperous, inclusive, and resilient society.
Strategies
The first two outcomes of this chapter provide strategies for practicing good governance, while the
last three are for improving government efficiency and reducing regulatory burden. These
strategies reinforce one another and contribute to the achievement of all outcomes. For example,
a rightsized and efficient government with competent civil servants help bolster public
accountability. These strategies also require consistency and alignment with other chapters of the
RDP to establish livable communities (See Subchapter 4.3), rationalize social protection (See
Subchapter 6.2), revitalize industry (See Chapter 8), reinvigorate services (See Chapter 9), advance
research and development, technology, and innovation (See Chapter 10), promote trade and
investments (See Chapter 11), ensure macroeconomic stability (See Chapter 12), expand and
upgrade ICT infrastructure (See Chapter 13), ensure peace, security, and public safety (See
Subchapter 14.1), enhance administration of justice (See Subchapter 14.2), and accelerate climate
action and strengthen disaster resilience (See Chapter 16).

These strategies are anchored on the following Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG No.
5: achieve gender equality and empower women and girls; SDG No. 11: make cities and human
settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable; and SDG No. 16: promote peaceful, and
inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all, and build effective,
accountable, and inclusive institutions at all levels.

Outcome 1: Participatory governance deepened

Deepening participatory governance entails establishing functional participatory spaces,
broadening public access to information, combating fake news, and improving quality of
participation in national and local elections. To achieve this outcome, it is necessary to have greater
awareness of the specific concerns and interests of marginalized groups, including children,
indigenous peoples (IPs), overseas Filipino workers, persons with disabilities (PWDs), and
communities in agricultural areas and GIDAs.

Ensure sufficient, functional, and quality participatory spaces

To ensure sufficient and functional participatory spaces, government agencies and LGUs will
engender the involvement and participation of CSOs342 in development processes and activities,
while strengthening the barangay-based institutions (BBIs) and the LSBs to make them more
functional. To this end, the Regional Line Agencies (RLAs) and LGUs will strengthen CSOs’
participation in the budget preparation process and other development activities.

The Department of the Interior and Local Government Region X (DILG-X) will enhance the
monitoring of functionality of LSBs and BBIs such as the Barangay Development Council,
Barangay Peace and Order Council, Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
(BDRRMC), and Barangay Anti-Drug Abuse Council (See Subchapter 14.1). The agency will also
push for the establishment or reorganization of the Local Culture and Arts Councils (LCACs) to
promote the role of culture and values in enhancing social cohesion, inclusion, and equity. The
agency will also strengthen the Council on Good Local Governance and intensify capacity
development programs for CSOs and members of the LSBs and BBIs. The involvement and
inclusion of women, children, PWDs, IPs, elderly, among others in the development processes will
also be ensured.

Broaden public access to information

Broadening access to public information does not solely pertain to making it available to the public.
It also includes removing barriers to internet connectivity and making experiences of citizens in
accessing accurate government information seamless.343 Hence, national government agencies,
SUCs, and LGUs will build on the gains of the Freedom of Information (FOI) implementation and
sustain the uploading of information manuals in agency websites. The DILG-X will initiate the
conduct of an FOI forum to create a venue where all stakeholders will be properly informed of the
right to information and open government data.

Intensify efforts in combating fake news and disinformation

The RDC-X Communications and Advocacy Committee (ComAd) and the PIA-X will intensify
efforts to combat fake news and disinformation. Concerned agencies will take immediate action,
implement sound corrective plans, report such news to proper authorities, and disseminate correct
information in media outlets. The Criminal Investigation and Detection Group and the Anti-
Cybercrime Group of the Philippine National Police Region X (PNP-X) will strengthen the
monitoring of the proliferation of fake news, especially in digital platforms. The PNP-X will also
strengthen the implementation of Project E-Sumbong344 and Project Enhanced Anti-Cybercrime
Campaign, Education, Safety, and Security345 to prevent cybercrimes and protect citizens from
becoming victims of cybercriminals. The RDC-X ComAd will involve schools, quad-media, and
other stakeholders in educating teachers, students, communities, and the general public on media
and information literacy.
Improve quality of participation in national and local elections

To improve the quality of participation in national and local elections in the region, voters’
registration will be enhanced and information campaigns will be strengthened, especially in
GIDAs. The Commission on Elections Region X will expand satellite and special registrations,
innovate voting modalities, and intensify voter education program in collaboration with other
stakeholders at the local level.

Outcome 2: Public accountability and integrity bolstered

Bolstering public accountability and integrity requires enhancing public feedback mechanisms,
and ensuring and intensifying transparency at all levels of government. These strategies foster
higher levels of trust and satisfaction from the public.

Enhance public feedback mechanisms

Functional and effective feedback mechanisms promote appropriate and timely responses to the
public. Hence, government agencies will establish and sustain hotlines and helpdesks in
accordance with prevailing laws such as RA 11032. The DILG-X will continue to monitor the
functionality and responsiveness of feedback mechanisms at the local level, which include the CSO
and Barangay Violence against Women helpdesks.346 The CSC’s Contact Center ng Bayan will
continue to act on complaints and requests of citizens on government frontline services and
procedures in line with RA 11032. The 8888 Citizens’ Complaint Hotline will continue to serve as
platform for citizens to report about acts of red tape and corruption in government.

Ensure and intensify transparency and accountability at all levels of

government

Ensuring and intensifying transparency and accountability at all levels of government will
contribute to bolstering access to information and strengthening anti-corruption measures in the
region. It will also help ensure the timely disclosure of public spending information in accessible
areas amid emergency and health crisis.347

The DILG-X will continue to monitor the compliance of LGUs with the FDP, while the
Department of Budget and Management Region X (DBM-X) and ARTA-X will monitor the
compliance of RLAs, government-owned and controlled corporations, and SUCs with the DBM’s
National Budget Circular No. 542 (s. 2012)348 on posting of Transparency Seal. The Bureau of
Local Government Finance Region X (BLGF-X) will strengthen its monitoring of LGU compliance
to the posting of eSRE and uploading all financial transactions at the eSRE portal.

The CSC-X will strengthen the implementation of RA 6713, also known as the Code of Conduct
and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees to reduce corruption vulnerabilities and
tendencies. The agency will continue to remind and enjoin all public officials and employees to
declare and submit their annual Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Net Worth. The quad media
will be tapped to publicize effective enforcement cases and encourage the public to report
corruption. Schools will likewise be urged to educate students and communities on anti-corruption
efforts or initiatives.

Outcome 3: Government functions, systems, and mechanisms

rationalized and strengthened
Rationalizing and strengthening government systems and mechanisms entails rightsizing systems
and procedures, accelerating digital transformation, and strengthening support to the LGUs. These
strategies are key to improving bureaucratic efficiency and will serve as the foundations to an
enabling environment for economic transformation.

Support rightsizing and the whole-of-government approach in reengineering

systems and procedures

Rightsizing the government is key in making its systems and procedures more efficient and
effective.349 To do this, the region will support the enactment of the National Government
Rightsizing Program to implement structural and procedural reforms in the executive branch. The
region will likewise advocate rightsizing among LGUs, the legislature, the judiciary, and other
constitutional bodies. To this end, strategic review of the role, mandates, functions, and structure
of government will be pursued. The ARTA’s Whole-of-Government Reengineering System
Manual350 will be used as guide in streamlining government processes and procedures.

The RDC-X will lobby for the review of RA 9184 or the Government Procurement Reform Act to
further enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the procurement process (See Chapter 12).

The PSA-X will continue to support the LGUs in implementing the CBMS to promote data-driven
and evidence-based decision-making and facilitate provision of government assistance to intended
beneficiaries351 (See Subchapter 6.2).
The establishment of the NMRGC will continue to be pursued as an integrated approach to good
governance. This will complement the national government’s spatial strategy to spread
development through regional agglomeration. Urban centers will be decongested to spread
development, promote efficiency in the delivery of government products and services, and
improve collaboration and coordination among agencies (See Chapter 2).

Accelerate digital transformation in government

Accelerating digital transformation is crucial in providing better and efficient public services.352
The region will support the E-Governance Act of 2022 and allocate funds for ICT resources to
digitalize processes and records. The Department of Information and Communications
Technology Region X (DICT-X) will ensure the provision of free internet access to all barangays
in the region, including the GIDAs, sustain its support to the implementation of the iBPLS,
improve digital interconnection of barangays, enhance cybersecurity, and provide digital literacy
trainings to government officials and employees (See Chapters 8, 9, 13, and Subchapter 14.1).

The PSA-X will sustain and enhance the implementation of the PhilSys and fast track the
registration and distribution of PhilSys IDs to enhance data banking and monitoring systems in
the localities (See Subchapter 6.2). The agency will sustain the integration of PhilSys to government
and private sector services in the region.

The government will support the electronic payment of taxes at the local level to enhance collection
efficiency, reduce leakages, and further strengthen the digitalization thrust of the government.

The IPA-LAMDAG353 will be sustained and enhanced if needed, to promote digitalization in

monitoring the PAPs of RLAs and other implementers (See Chapters 12 and 17).

Reinforce the performance of national government agencies and local

government units

The region will continue to reinforce the performance of RLAs and LGUs. The DILG-X will
enhance and sustain the implementation of the SGLG assessment and review its criteria354 to
consider proposals including the functionality of local housing boards (See Subchapter 4.3) and
other local bodies as additional indicators.

The RDC-X Committee on Devolution (ComDev) will continue to perform its oversight functions
in monitoring the progress of devolution of functions, services, and facilities (FSFs) amid the
implementation of EO 138 (s. 2021). Harmonization of FSFs of National Government Agencies
(NGAs) and LGUs will be prioritized by the Committee to ensure smooth devolution transition.
The LGUs will be advised to prioritize FSFs, which are deemed important to their respective
localities to address financial constraints in performing the devolved functions. Consultation
channels will be opened to enable the LGUs to raise their concerns to the respective NGAs.

The LGUs will improve the implementation of programs, projects, laws, and ordinances; align
processes to vision, mission, goals, and objectives; fill up vacant plantilla positions; fast track
resolutions of conflicting tenurial instruments (See Chapter 2); maximize and optimize existing
eco-zones (See Chapter 8); promote efficient use of land by regularly updating the Comprehensive
Land Use Plans and Comprehensive Development Plans (See Chapters 2 and 7); promote and
allocate funds for land banking for housing and land development (See Subchapter 4.3); strengthen
LGU economic enterprise to maximize local sources of income (See Chapter 12); and create and
ensure functionality of Local Competitiveness Councils and review existing Local Investment and
Incentive Codes to promote local investments (See Chapters 8 and 11).

The RLAs and LGUs will sustain their compliance to the Strategic Performance Management
System355 and improve project monitoring mechanisms at the regional and local levels.

Outcome 4: Competent, motivated, agile, and resilient public servants

supported
The development of public servants’ competence, motivation, agility, and resilience is key in the
transformation of government systems and mechanisms. This outcome highlights the need to
develop and enhance human resource and its management systems and processes, as well as, foster
conducive working environment and future-ready public servants as a condition to economic
transformation for a prosperous, inclusive, and resilient society.

Develop and enhance human resource and its management systems and
processes

The region will pursue human capital development and harmonize capacity-building initiatives.
The RLAs and LGUs will sustain efforts in securing and maintaining their accreditation in CSC’s
PRIME-HRM,356 intensify the conduct of competency assessments, provide appropriate training
programs for government officials and employees, advocate for performance-based incentives and
recognition to best performing public servants, and push for Quality Management System and
International Organization for Standardization Certification.
The National Government Career Executive Service Development Program357 will be continuously
supported to ensure that only capable and committed senior public officials serve the bureaucracy.
In addition, the DILG-X will initiate the establishment of a governance academy in Northern
Mindanao to promote good governance through the provision of customized and accessible
courses and training.

The RDC-X will support the DBM’s study on government compensation structure of the different
government agencies and government-owned and controlled corporations per directive of
President Ferdinand R. Marcos, Jr. Once implemented, the new compensation structure will
ensure that compensation of government workers, including accountants, nurses, public attorneys,
and non-uniformed personnel of the AFP, will be competitive with the private sector doing
comparable work. 358

The RDC-X ComDev will strengthen capacity development support to the LGUs in performing
fully-devolved functions (such as health, social welfare, agriculture, local infrastructure projects,
waterworks systems, sewerage, and flood control projects, etc.), financial management (efficient
utilization of the NTA), project development, investment programming, and monitoring and
evaluation, among others.

Foster conducive working environment and future-ready public servants

To foster conducive working environment and future-ready public servants, the region will
continue to support and sustain the implementation of Alternative Work Arrangements such as
flexiplace, skeleton workforce, and flexitime in compliance with the CSC guidelines for
government workers.359 Government offices will provide adequate ICT facilities to support
digitally-equipped public servants, and ensure compliance to occupational health and safety
standards.

The Public Service Continuity Plan360 will be implemented to ensure sustained delivery of public
service amid any disruptions.

Outcome 5: Regulatory Burden on Businesses and Individuals Reduced

The reduction of regulatory burden on businesses and individuals is essential in mobilizing
investments and enhancing bureaucratic efficiency. This outcome entails streamlining and
automating government processes for registration and renewal, pushing for the
institutionalization of guidelines that streamline issuance of permits and clearances, and ensuring
strict compliance to the EODB/EGSD Act.

Ensure strict compliance to Republic Act 11032 or the Ease of Doing Business
and Efficient Government Service Delivery Act of 2018

Ensuring strict compliance with RA 11032 is key in reducing bureaucratic layers and removing
redundancies in the region. All RLAs and LGUs will review existing systems and procedures in
compliance of the Act, as well as, continue to set up the most updated service standards in their
Citizen’s Charter.

The Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development Region X will push for the
establishment of one-stop processing centers at the local level to streamline the process in securing
housing development permits and facilitate ease of doing business (See Subchapter 4.3). The
Department of Energy will continue to streamline the permitting process for investments in energy
projects in the region, especially for renewable energy investments (See Chapter 13).

The ARTA-X will encourage RLAs and LGUs to create and enhance online appointment systems
to minimize additional costs and burden to the people. The agency will also begin assessing the
efficiency of government offices in the region through the ARTA Report Card Survey. Each LGU,
RLA, SUC, and other government instrumentalities will create a Committee on Anti-Red Tape per
ARTA MC No. 2020-07. The ARTA-X and PNP-X will heighten the Anti-Fixer campaign and
enforcement to eliminate fixers and penalize erring government officials and personnel.

Streamline and automate government processes for registration and renewal

The streamlining and automation of government processes will contribute to reducing the
regulatory burden on businesses and individuals. The DICT-X will continue to support the LGUs
in adopting and implementing the iBPLS to enable businesses to apply for business permits
electronically. Electronic issuance of certificates, permits, and licenses will also be promoted to
further enhance the efficiency of government transactions. The LGUs will also adhere to Joint
Memorandum Circular (JMC) No. 01 (s. 2021), which provides the guidelines for processing of
permits, clearances, and licenses, through e-BOSS (See Chapter 12).
Push for the institutionalization of guidelines streamlining issuance of permits
and clearances for telecommunications

The RDC-X, through the ARTA-X, will push for the institutionalization of guidelines on
streamlining issuance of permits and clearances of telecom (JMC No. 1, s. 2020)361 and internet
infrastructure (JMC No. 1, s. 2021).362 These circulars are set to expire in June 2023. Hence, the
RDC-X will recommend for the issuance of an EO, or the enactment of a law institutionalizing said
guidelines. The DILG-X will also continue to implement the LGU Telco Permit Monitoring System
to monitor the number of new and pending applications.363

Legislative Agenda

RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
AGENCIES
E-Governance Act of 2022 This bill seeks to establish an integrated, interconnected, and Department of
interoperable information, resource sharing, and communications Information and
network, which will include internal records, management of Communications
information system, information database, and digital portals in the Technology Region X
region for the delivery of public services. (DICT-X), Regional
Development Council
of Northern
Mindanao (RDC-X)
Macro and
Development
Administration
Committee
(MacroCom)
Freedom of Information This bill seeks to put in place an enabling law, which would provide a RDC-X MacroCom
Act simple, uniform, accessible, and effective means of carrying out the
right to information. It will also provide for appropriate procedures to
aid access to information.
Revised Government This bill seeks to further improve the government procurement system RDC-X MacroCom
Procurement Reform Act by providing additional measures that will shorten the present
bureaucratic intricacies of the system and expedite the procurement
process.
Establishment of a Governance institutes are located outside the region. To obtain access Department of the
Governance Academy in to high-quality education and training, government officials and Interior and Local
Northern Mindanao prospective enrollees from the private sector in the region have to Government Region
travel to other regions, which entails higher cost. Thus, there is a need X, RDC-X MacroCom
to put up a governance academy in Northern Mindanao, specifically
located in Region X as its gateway. This academy will not only cater to
 RESPONSIBLE
LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
AGENCIES
Northern Mindanaons, but also interested enrollees from other parts
of the country. This will help in promoting good governance by
providing customized and accessible courses and trainings.
Anti-Disinformation and This bill seeks to combat disinformation and promote the responsible Philippine
Responsible Use of Media use of media by instituting a National Council of Experts’ Opinion. This Information Agency
Act will be composed of experts coming from various disciplines to come Region X, RDC-X
up with a harmonized statement on a pressing public issue. Communication and
Advocacy Committee

Research Agenda

RESPONSIBLE
RESEARCH AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION
AGENCIES
Assessment on the As of 31 January 2022, all Region X LGUs have already submitted their Regional
readiness of local Local Sanggunian-approved devolution transition plans (DTPs) in the Development Council
government units (LGUs) online repository of the DILG. However, the LGUs’ readiness to carry out of Northern
to fully assume devolved the devolved functions need to be assessed judiciously to determine Mindanao (RDC-X)
functions capacity and resource gaps and interventions that oversight agencies Committee on
need to undertake throughout the transition process. Devolution (ComDev),
Department of the
Interior of Local
Government Region X
Review of the Retroactive Generally, laws shall have only a prospective effect and must not be RDC-X Macro and
Provisions of Laws (e.g., applied retroactively. However, new laws are being passed with Development
Building Construction) retroactive provisions such as in building construction. Old buildings, Administration
which have complied with prior construction standards are now Committee,
required to adopt new standards resulting in considerable alteration concerned LGUs and
cost borne by owners. This is in conflict with the provisions of Republic agencies
Act (RA) 11032, also known as the Ease of Doing Business and Efficient
Government Service Delivery Act of 2018, particularly the adoption of
simplified requirements and procedures that will reduce red tape and
expedite business and non-business-related transactions. Hence,
there is a need to review said provisions.
Results Matrix (Core Indicators)
END-OF- RESPONSIBLE
BASELINE ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS PLAN MEANS OF AGENCYa/
INDICATORS
(YEAR) TARGET VERIFICATION REPORTING
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2028 ENTITYb
Outcome 1: Participatory governance deepened
Percentage of provinces, cities, and municipalities with at least four functional special bodies increased (%)
Local 50% 58% of 98 63% of 98 68% of 98 73% of 98 78% of 83% of 83% of Agency Department
Development of 98 Provinces/ PCMs PCMs PCMs PCMs 98 PCMs 98 PCMs 98 PCMs annual of the Interior
Councils (LDCs) Cities/ reports and Local
Municipalities Government
(PCMs) Region X
(DILG-X)
(2019)
Local Peace 80% of 98 PCMs 92% of 98 92% of 98 93% of 98 93% of 94% of 94% of 98 94% of DILG-X
and Order (2021) PCMs PCMs PCMs 98 PCMs 98 PCMs PCMs 98 PCMs
Councils
Anti-Drug 91% of 98 PCMs 92% of 98 92% of 98 93% of 98 93% of 94% of 94% of 94% of DILG-X
Abuse Councils (2022) PCMs PCMs PCMs 98 PCMs 98 PCMs 98 PCMs 98 PCMs
Local Disaster 46% of 98 PCMs 51% of 98 61% of 98 71% of 98 82% of 92% of 100% of 100% of Agency Office of Civil
Risk Reduction (2021) PCMs PCMs PCMs 98 PCMs 98 PCMs 98 PCMs 98 PCMs annual Defense
and reports Region X
Management
Councils
Percentage of 80% 84% 86% 88% 90% 92% 94% 94% Agency DILG-X
local government (2021) annual
units (LGUs) reports
compliant with
the 25% civil
society
organizations
participation in
the LDCs
increased (%)
Outcome 2: Public accountability and integrity bolstered
Target percentage 88% 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% 90% Agency DILG-X
of LGUs fully (2021) annual
compliant with reports
Full Disclosure
Policy achieved
(%)
Target percentage 100% 95-100% 95-100% 95-100% 95-100% 95-100% 95-100% 95-100% Agency Bureau of
of LGUs with (2021) annual Local
approved/update reports Government
d electronic Finance
Statement of Region X
Receipts and
Expenditures
sustained (%)
Outcome 3: Government systems and mechanisms rationalized and strengthened
Percentage of 23.47% 15% 15% 16% 16% 17% 18% 18% Agency DILG-X
LGUs awarded of 98 Provinces/ of 98 of 98 of 98 of 98 of 98 of 98 of 98 annual
with Seal of Good Cities/ PCMs PCMs PCMs PCMs PCMs PCMs PCMs reports
Local Governance Municipalities
increased (%)c (PCMs)
(2019)
7 Performance
10 PAs as 10 PAs as 10 PAs as 10 PAs as 10 PAs as 10 PAs as 10 PAs as
Areas (PAs) as indicators indicators indicators indicators indicators indicators indicators
indicators
Outcome 4: Competent, motivated, agile, and resilient public servants supported
Percentage of 100% of annual 100% of 100% of Awaiting the targets from the Civil Service Commission Central Agency CSC-X
accredited target annual annual Office (CSC) annual
agencies awarded (4 agencies) target target reports
with the Program (2022) (indicative
 END-OF- RESPONSIBLE
BASELINE ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS PLAN MEANS OF AGENCYa/
INDICATORS
(YEAR) TARGET VERIFICATION REPORTING
2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2028 ENTITYb
to Institutionalize (3 target: 4
Meritocracy and agencies) agencies)
Excellence in
Human Resource
Management
increased (%)d
Outcome 5: Regulatory burden on businesses and individuals reduced
Percentage of 49% 54% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 90% Agency Department of
LGUs with (2022) of 93 of 93 of 93 LGUs of 93 of 93 of 93 of 93 annual Information
operational of 93 LGUs LGUs LGUs LGUs LGUs LGUs LGUs reports and
Business Permit Communicatio
Licensing System ns Technology
(iBPLS) following Region X,
the Republic Act DILG-X,
11032 or the Ease Department of
of Doing Business Trade and
and Efficient Industry, Anti-
Government Red Tape
Service Delivery Authority
Act of 2018 Regional Field
increased (%) Office X
Number of LGUs 2% 12% 22% 34% 51% 70% 90% 90% Agency DILG-X
that have adopted (2021) of 98 of 98 of 98 of 98 of 98 of 98 of 98 annual
the Building of 98 PCMs PCMs PCMs PCMs PCMs PCMs PCMs PCMs reports
Permit and
Certificate of
Occupancy (BPCO)
system for
processing
construction-
related permits
increased
a
Agency accountable for delivering the outputs/achievement of outcomes
b
Lead agency responsible for reporting progress on indicator targets
c
In 2019, the SGLG has seven Performance Areas (PAs) as indicators. However, there were three PAs added for year 2021 assessment. This resulted in
lowering the percentage of compliance of LGUs. Hence, the targets for CY 2023-2028 are adjusted accordingly
d
Targets for 2023-2024 are subject for further validation. Awaiting the submission of annual targets for 2025-2028 by the Civil Service Commission
Central Office/Region X

Major and Catalytic Programs and Projects364

The region will pursue the following major and catalytic programs and projects to practice good
governance and improve bureaucratic and regulatory efficiency:

 Philippine Identification System (PhilSys) or the National Identification System Program;

 Establishment of the Northern Mindanao Regional Government Center (NMRGC);
 Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS);
 Integrated Business and Building Permit Licensing System (iBPLS);
 Establishment of Governance Academy in Northern Mindanao; and
 Local Government Empowerment Program.
317
Availability and accessibility of protected spaces for various sectors and concerns, which include platforms that inform or consult citizens and concrete
and significant CSO influence in all stages of public decision-making. Philippine Development Plan 2023-2028.
318
Commission on Elections. 2016. Number of Registered Voters, Voters Who Actually Voted and Voters' Turnout.
https://comelec.gov.ph/?r=2016NLE/Statistics/VotersTurnout2016NLE.
319
Commission on Elections. 2022. Number and Turn-Out of Registered Voters and Voters Who Actually Voted by City/Municipality.
https://comelec.gov.ph/?r=2022NLE/Statistics/2022RVVAVmcocfinal.
320
Philippine News Agency. PCOO drive vs. disinformation reaches CDO media. May 5, 2019. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1068929.
321
Philippine Information Agency X. DOH launches KonsulTayo to counter “fake news” on health issues. August 09, 2022.
https://pia.gov.ph/news/2022/08/09/doh-launches-konsultayo-to-counter-fake-news-on-health-issues.
322
Department of Finance. Department Order No. 8-2011: Adoption of the Statement of Receipts and Expenditures as the Official Reporting System on
Local Government Fiscal and Financial Operations and Providing the Rules and Regulations Therefor. February 11, 2011. https://blgf.gov.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2017/10/DOF-DO-No.-8-2011-Adoption-of-SRE-as-the-Official-Reports-on-Local-Government-Fiscal-and-Financial-
Operations.pdf.
323
Raised during the RDP provincial consultation on 21 November 2022.
324
Republic of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 11315: An Act Establishing a Community-Based Monitoring System and Appropriating Funds Therefor.
April 17, 2019. https://psa.gov.ph/content/community-based-monitoring-system-
act#:~:text=(a)%20Community%2DBased%20Monitoring,to%20participate%20in%20the%20process.
325
Regional Development Council-X. Resolution No. 44 (s.2018): Supporting and Approving the Proposed Northern Mindanao Regional Government
Center (RGC). 24 September 2018. https://bit.ly/RDC-XResolutionNo44seriesof2018.
326
Based on the survey conducted in July 2021 by the NMRGC-Management Task Force, 20 regional line agencies (RLAs) signified interest to locate in
the proposed RGC.
327
National Competitive Council. Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index. https://cmci.dti.gov.ph/rankings.php (accessed January 17, 2023).
328
Republic of the Philippines. Republic Act No. 11292: An Act Establishing and Institutionalizing the Seal of Good Local Governance for Local
Government Units, and Allocating for this Purpose the Seal of Good Local Governance Fund. April 12, 2019.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2019/04/12/republic-act-no-11292/.
329
Department of the Interior and Local Government. Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 11292 (Seal of Good Local Governance
Act). https://dilg.gov.ph/PDF_File/issuances/republic_acts/dilg-republicact-20201229_a63405040c.pdf.
330
Department of the Interior and Local Government-10. DILG-R10 pilots SGLG field testing, orients 9 LGUs. September 14, 2021.
https://dilg.gov.ph/regional-news/DILG-R10-pilots-SGLG-field-testing-orients-9-LGUs/NR-2021-1129.
331
Department of the Interior and Local Government. 23 NorMin LGUs win SGLG Award. December 13, 2022. http://region10.dilg.gov.ph/news/23-
normin-lgus-win-sglg-award/.
332
Duterte, R. R. Executive Order No. 138: Full Devolution of Certain Functions of the Executive Branch to Local Governments, Creation of a Committee
on Devolution, and for Other Purposes. June 1, 2021. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2021/06jun/20210601-EO-138-RRD.pdf.
333
This concern was raised during the Region X NGA-LGU Fora on Devolution and RDP 2023-2028 local consultations.
334
Civil Service Commission. Memorandum Circular No. 18, s. 2020: Amendment to the Revised Interim Guidelines for Alternative Work Arrangements
and Support Mechanisms for Workers in the Government during the Period of State of Public Health Emergency due to COVID-19 Pandemic. October
15, 2020. https://www.csc.gov.ph/downloads/category/238-mc-no-18-s-2020-amendment-to-the-revised-interim-guidelines-for-alternative-work-
arrangements-and-support-mechanisms-for-workers-in-the-government-during-the-period-of-state-of-public-health-emergency-due-to-covid-19.
335
Said concern was raised during the conduct of local consultations.
336
Republic of the Philippines. House Bill No. 2427 (19th Congress): Establishing the Mindanao Institute of Good Governance, Appropriating Funds
Therefor, and for Other Purposes. July 27, 2022. https://www.congress.gov.ph/legisdocs/?v=bills. Republic of the Philippines. House Bill No. 03748
(18th Congress): An Act Establishing the Mindanao Institute of Good Governance, Appropriating Funds Therefor, and for Other Purposes. August 08,
2019. https://www.congress.gov.ph/legisdocs/?v=billsresults#18.
337
Anti-Red Tape Authority. The Ease of Doing Business Law. https://arta.gov.ph/about/the-eodb-law/. [accessed 30 May 2023].
338
The development of the iBPLS is pursuant to Section 26 of RA 11032 (Ease of Doing Business and Efficient Delivery of Government Services).
339
Regional Development Council-X. Resolution No. 55 (s. 2019): Enjoining the Local Government Units to Comply with Republic Act 11032 Otherwise
Known as the Ease of Doing Business and Efficient Government Service Delivery Act of 2018 by Streamlining the Issuance of Local Permits and
Standardizing the Timelines for the Construction of Cellular Base Towers. December 04, 2019.
340
Regional Development Council-X. Resolution No. 23 (s. 2020): Adopting the Use of the Public Key Infrastructure of the Department of Information
and Communications Technology to secure the electronic documents of the Regional Development Council-X. March 20, 2022.
341
These concerns were raised during the RDP 2023-2028 local consultations.
342
International Association for Public Participation (IAP2). IAP2 Public Participation Spectrum. https://iap2.org.au/resources/spectrum/ (accessed
January 03, 2023).
343
Roberts, T. & Hernandez, K. Digital Access is not Binary: The 5'A's of Technology Access in the Philippines. January 01, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1002/isd2.12084.
344
Department of the Interior and Local Government. DILG supports PNP e-Sumbong system, intensified cleanliness policy. May 21, 2021.
https://www.dilg.gov.ph/news/DILG-supports-PNP-e-Sumbong-system-intensified-cleanliness-policy/NC-2021-1097.
345
Philippine Information Agency. Public urged to use Project E-Access for cybercrime concerns. July 15, 2021. https://pia.gov.ph/news/2021/07/15/public-
urged-to-use-project-e-access-for-cybercrime-concerns.
346
Ladia, M. & N. Parreno. 2021. Philippines: Gender-based Violence Policy and Institutional Mapping Report. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
https://thedocs. worldbank.org/en/doc/e1575832e43d4030373f9a616975364f-0070062021/philippines-gender-based-violence-policy-and-
institutional-mapping-report.
347
Canares, M. & F. van Scalkwyk. 2021. Inclusive Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Open Contracting. Hivos.
https://stepupconsulting.files. wordpress.com/2021/10/summary-paper.pdf.
348
Department of Budget and Management. National Budget Circular No. 542: Reiterating Compliance with Section 93, the Transparency Seal Provision,
of the General Appropriations Act of 2023. https://www.dbm.gov.ph/wpcontent/uploads/Issuances/2012/National%20Budget% 20Circular/NBC542/
NBC542.pdf. [accessed 22 May 2023].
349
Diokno-Sikat, C. Economic Principles for Rightsizing Government. Philippine Institute for Development Studies.
https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps1846.pdf.
350
Anti-Red Tape Authority. Anti-Red Tape Authority Reengineering Manual. https://arta.gov.ph/reengineering-manual/. [accessed May 2022, 2023].
351
Diokno-Sicat, C., Adaro, C. & Maddawin, R. 2020. The Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) as a Local Planning Tool: Results from the
PIDS-DILG Baseline Study on Policy and Governance Gaps for the Local Government Support Fund Assistance to Municipalities (LGSF-AM) Program.
Philippine Institute for Development Studies. https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps2007.pdf
352
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. 2016. Digital Government Strategies for Transforming Public Services in the Welfare Areas.
https://www.oecd.org/gov/digital-government/Digital-Government-Strategies-Welfare-Service.pdf.
353
Regional Development Council-X. Resolution No. 6 (s. 2019): Adopting and Supporting the Innovative Platform for Programs/Projects/Activities’
Location Assessment, Monitoring, and Budgeting for Development Planning and Governance (IPA-LAMDAG) System as a Web-based Geospatial
Technology for the Regional Project Monitoring and Evaluation System Reports. June 17, 2019.
354
Department of the Interior and Local Government. 2022 Seal of Good Local Governance: Pagkilala sa Katapatan at Kahusayan ng Pamahalaang
Lokal. https://www.dilg.gov.ph/PDF_File/issuances/memo_circulars/dilg-memocircular-2022128_ec42c8c0c0.pdf
355
Civil Service Commission. Strategic Performance Management System. January 31, 2018. https://www.csc.gov.ph/programs/spms.
356
Civil Service Commission. Program to Institutionalize Meritocracy and Excellence in Human Resource Management (PRIME-HRM). October 12,
2017. https://www.csc.gov.ph/programs/prime-hrm.
357
Career Executive Service Board. The Career Executive Service.
https://www.cesboard.gov.ph/2018/index.php?title=Documents\Career%20Executive%20Service\theces.php (accessed January 03, 2023).
358
Philippine News Agency. Gov’t workers get last tranche of salary hike: DBM. https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1192507.
359
Civil Service Commission. Memorandum Circular No. 06, s. 2022. Policies on Flexible Work Arrangements in the Government. June 06, 2022.
360
Office of the Civil Defense. Public Service Continuity Planning. https://trainingims.ocd.gov.ph/ims/ppt/public-service-continuity-planning (accessed
January 03, 2023).
361
Republic of the Philippines. Joint Memorandum Circular No. 1 (s. 2020): Streamlined Guidelines for the Issuance of Permits, Licenses, and Certificates
for the Construction of Shared Passive Telecommunications Tower Infrastructure (PTTIs). https://law.upd.edu.ph/wp-
content/uploads/2020/08/ARTA-DICT-DILG-DHSUD-DPWH-CAAP-DoH-FDA-JMC-No-01-s-2020.pdf. [accessed May 22, 2023].
362
Republic of the Philippines. Revised Joint Memorandum Circular No. 01 (s. 2021): Revising and Expanding Joint Memorandum Circular No. 1 (s.
2022) or the “Streamlined Guidelines for the Issuance of Permits, Licenses, and Certificates for the Construction of Shared Passive Telecommunications
Tower Infrastructure (PTTIs)”. June 11, 2021. https://naro.law.upd.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/ARTA-DICT-DILG-DHSUD-BFP-DPWH-
CAAP-NTC-DOH-FDA-Revised-Joint-Memorandum-Circular-No-01-Series-of-2021.pdf.
363
This system is currently used by the DILG-X in monitoring LGU Telco applications. However, the DICT-X, NTC-X, and ARTA-X are not aware of this
system’s existence.
364
Major program and project (PAP) is defined as ongoing or proposed development program or project of an agency with total investment cost of at least
PHP1 billion and is aligned with the 8-point agenda of PBBM. Catalytic development program or project, is an ongoing or proposed program or project
of an agency with total investment cost greater or lower than PHP1 billion, and possesses one or both of the following characteristics: a) Enhances
socioeconomic growth; and b) Induces crowding-in of resource flows. The details, including the investment targets and project cost are further defined
in the Regional Development Investment Program (RDIP) 2023-2028, which will be formulated in the First Semester 2023.
Accelerate Climate Action and
Strengthen Disaster Resilience
Northern Mindanao advances its efforts in building resilient individuals, communities, businesses,
economies, and environmental systems. It will leverage its resources on nature-based solutions to
combat ecosystem degradation, a major driver of disaster risks, and a key factor in the increasing
vulnerability of communities to disasters. Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) and ecosystem-based
mitigation (EbM) strategies will be promoted and adopted to ensure that people adapt to the impacts
of climate change and reduce and avert greenhouse gas emissions. Moreover, Ecosystem-based
Disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR), which entails combining natural resource approaches and disaster
risk reduction (DRR) methods for sustainably resilient communities, will be prioritized. Eco-DRR-based
policies and measures will be mainstreamed in DRR and Management (DRRM) plans and DRR efforts.

The region’s response supporting the Philippines' Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and its
policies and measures (PAMs) will be furthered through an action plan for implementation at the
subnational level. This will be realized through a whole-of-nation approach, with the collaboration of
government and non-government entities, including the private sector, civil society groups, people’s
organizations, academe, and communities.

Multi-stakeholder collaboration and public-private partnerships will be promoted in implementing

climate resilience-building interventions in the region. The government will provide an enabling
environment for the private sector to facilitate dynamic investment participation. The private sector
partners will be supported in aligning their environmental, social, economic, and governance measures
with the government’s DRR and climate change adaptation (CCA) targets.

As the region takes stock of the lessons learned from past calamities, it will continually aim for zero-
casualty and minimal damage from natural disasters. Strategic implementation and monitoring of eco-
DRR-based regional and local DRRM plans will ensure that Northern Mindanao’s people and
communities are safe and resilient against disasters. Improved resilience of the region is a necessary
pre-requisite to effect sustainable economic and social transformation in the next six years.

Assessment and Challenges

For the past five years (2017-2021), the region has sustained its ecosystem functions and
biodiversity. Efforts to sustainably manage the region’s forests resulted in an increase in forest area
cover from 28 percent in 2015 to 33 percent in 2021, which contributes to Sustainable
Development Goals (SDG) 14365 and 15.366 Sustained action in safeguarding the 138,703.06 hectares
(ha) protected areas (PAs) support in preserving the integrity of the region’s biodiversity. The
quality of air and water would be improved as a proactive action against climate change amid the
region’s rapidly growing economy and fast urbanization trends.

Denudation persists despite sustained reforestation of degraded forestlands. Of the 345,097

hectares of total degraded forestland area of the region as of 2016, seventy-two percent (248,194
hectares) is targeted for effective forest management through the Enhanced National
Greening Program (ENGP). The ENGP covered 128,685.57 hectares in 2021 or 52 percent of
its targeted degraded area for effective forest management. As of December 2021, over 60
percent of the region’s total forestland remains degraded.

People’s relationship with the forest and vice versa remains intricately linked and well-recognized.
Intensified forest guarding and apprehension of anti-illegal logging were carried out through the
Landscape and Wildlife Indicator (LAWIN)367 Forest and Biodiversity Protection System. The
system facilitated the monitoring and curtailing of forest threats such as tree cutting, dumping of
garbage, landslides or mudslides, fires, hunting, farming, and typhoon-related damages. A
total area of 8,511.55 square kilometers (sq. km) were patrolled by forest rangers in all provinces
of the region in CY 2022, which is 147 percent higher than its target. There were 88 illegal
logging apprehensions recorded that confiscated a total of 122,198.41 board feet of forest
products, valued at PHP6.76 million.

Institutional arrangements with partner people’s organizations aided in ensuring well-maintained

ENGP plantations that were established in 2019 and 2020 covering 4,723 ha. This partnership
created 14,088 jobs related to surveying, mapping and planning, seedling production, plantation
establishment, and maintenance and protection. It has also resulted in a high survival rate of
planted trees at 87 percent for both years.

Forest areas are effectively managed under forest tenurial instruments, which are used by the
government to allocate public forest and forest lands to qualified individuals, organizations, or
entities. In 2021, a total of 554 tenurial instruments were issued by the Department of Environment
and Natural Resources Region X (DENR-X), composed of 294 Community-Based Forest
Management Agreements, 237 Community Stewardship Certificates, 13 Forest Land Grazing
Management Agreements, three Forest Land Grazing Lease Agreements, two Integrated Forest
Management Agreements, four Socialized Industrial Forest Management Agreements, and one
Tree Farm Lease Agreement.

Effective management of PAs has been sustained. The region’s nine PAs under the National
Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS), which cover a total of 138,703.06 ha of land and water,
are generally effectively managed.368 Six of the nine PAs are rated as ‘excellent,’ while two are rated
as ‘good.’ The PA management contributes to the attainment of SDG 14 and SDG 15 by protecting,
restoring, and promoting sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, and halting biodiversity loss.
Biodiversity monitoring is regularly conducted in the PAs. Monitoring revealed the presence of
priority species that are classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
as endangered. These species, such as ground orchids and some edible plants and trees, are
considered food for wildlife. The Philippine duck (Anas luzonica), which is classified as vulnerable
due to habitat destruction, can be found in the Mount Hibok-Hibok Heritage Natural Monument
in the province of Camiguin.

Air quality remains within the Ambient Air Quality Guideline. Monitoring data based on the
Air Quality Index (AQI) for PM2.5 of DENR Administrative Order No. 14-2020 revealed a
generally ‘good’ AQI in all stations in the region, except in Villanueva, Misamis Oriental, which
has one ‘Unhealthy for Sensitive Group.’ This AQI group cautionary statement suggests that
people with respiratory diseases such as asthma should limit outdoor exposure in said area.

Monitored waterbodies within the water quality management areas (WQMAs) generally
showed high-level pollution. The water quality assessment reports369 of the Cagayan de Oro River
Basin and Adjacent Rivers (CDORBAR) and the Tagoloan River Basin (TRB) WQMAs revealed
non-conforming levels of phosphate and fecal coliform in all stations of the Cagayan de Oro River
and Tagoloan River. The fecal coliform exceedance is attributed to domestic wastes, open
defecation, livestock wastes (especially from piggeries), and indiscriminate dumping of solid waste
in the water body. High levels of coliform in the water indicate the presence of disease-causing
microorganisms, which can cause adverse health impacts such as gastroenteritis, dysentery, and
ear infections. Sources of phosphate include agricultural runoff that contains phosphate fertilizer,
industrial wastewater, and raw sewage water. Onsite and desk monitoring of 366 industrial firms
was conducted in 2021. Of these, seven firms were endorsed to the Pollution Adjudication Board
and were issued with Cease-and-Desist Orders for failure to comply with General Effluent
Standards.

The rising greenhouse gas (GHG) emission calls for immediate sectoral intervention. The
Philippines’ GHG inventory as of 2010370 revealed that the energy sector (excluding transport) is
the dominant emitter at 53.105 metric tons (Mt) of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO2e). This was
followed by the agriculture sector at 43.152 Mt CO2e, the transport sector at 24.174 Mt CO2e, the
waste sector at 15.559 Mt CO2e, and the industrial processes and product use (IPPU) sector, which
is the lowest emitter at 8.363 Mt CO2e. The forest and other land use (FOLU) sector, considered a
carbon sink, sequestered 37.007 Mt CO2e.

In Region X, the increasing use of non-renewable energy sources contributed to GHG emissions.
As of the third quarter of 2022, coal-fired and oil-based power plants comprised 55.96 percent and
11.21 percent of the total energy mix in Northern Mindanao, respectively (See Chapter 13).

For the transport sector, increased motorization in the region contributed to rising GHG levels,
with road transport as a top contributor. Many motor vehicles in the region are fossil-fueled. As of
December 2022, seven percent, or 481 of the 6,806 public utility vehicles (PUV) have been
modernized and made fuel-efficient (See Chapter 13).

Agriculture, forestry and fishing (AFF) sector is critical to the country’s long-term sustainability
as food security is crucial for the well-being of individuals and communities. In Region X, the AFF
sector has provided livelihood to more than a third of the labor force. However, it remains to be
the most vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. The Department of Agriculture (DA)
promotes sustainable agri-fisheries livelihoods and communities by providing highly responsive
agriculture and fisheries support services. The Adaptation and Mitigation Initiative in Agriculture
(AMIA) aims to build climate-resilient livelihoods and communities. The AMIA villages showcase
technical assistance for CCA technologies, financing, insurance, infrastructure, extension services,
and marketing support, among others. These villages are established in the municipalities of
Manolo Fortich, Libona, Baungon, and Pagantucan in Bukidnon; Opol and Magsaysay in Misamis
Oriental; Baliangao in Misamis Occidental; Sultan Naga Dimaporo in Lanao del Norte; Sagay in
Camiguin; and Cagayan de Oro City. Other sustainable and climate-adaptive measures were also
promoted and implemented by the DA-X (See Chapter 7).

The region’s solid waste diversion rate has been increasing from 50 percent in 2017 to 69 percent
in 2022. However, it is six percentage points below the target (75%) in the 10-year solid waste
management (SWM) plan.

The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (Republic Act 9003) stipulates that at least 25 percent
of all solid wastes from waste-disposal facilities are diverted or recovered via reusing, recycling,
composting, and other resource-recovery activities. In 2022, the region generated a total of 281,343
tons of waste/day, based on per capita generation and projected population of the Philippine
Statistics Authority in 2022. The majority includes biodegradable wastes (62.15% or 174,855
tons/day). This is followed by residual wastes (18.68% or 52,555 tons/day), recyclable wastes
(17.74% or 49,910 tons/day), and special wastes (1.43% or 4,023 tons/day). As of 31 December
2022, of the 93 cities and municipalities in the region, 86 have approved SWM plans, four are under
review and evaluation, and three are awaiting approval. The local government units (LGUs) have
limited knowledge of GHG mitigation along the waste sector and should be capacitated on ways
they can reduce residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial wastes.

The IPPU sector is considered to be less significant compared to the Energy, Agriculture, and
FOLU sectors. However, as the region’s economy expands, the industries are also expected to grow.
Thus, IPPU is foreseen to be a critical sector in the coming years. Region X is host to various GHG-
emitting manufacturing companies categorized as mineral industry, chemical industry, metal
industry, and electronic industry. Other GHG sources under the IPPU sector are non-energy
products from fuels and solvent use (e.g. road paving with asphalt, dry cleaning, printing), product
uses as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances (e.g. refrigeration, stationary and mobile air
conditioning, foam blowing agents, aerosols and solvents), and other product manufacture and
use (which includes the use of electrical equipment, production of double glazed windows, medical
application of N2O, use of fireworks, tobacco, and charcoal).

Several reforestation projects in the region have contributed to the sequestration of significant
amounts of carbon in vegetation and soils. Stakeholders’ participation in the government’s carbon
sequestration programs is crucial in improving the region’s carbon sink. The following initiatives371
exemplify the whole-of-nation approach in implementing carbon sequestration programs:

 The National Grid Corporation of the Philippines implemented the Tree Replacement
Project costing PhP7.6 million, which has developed a 238.78-hectare replacement of
naturally growing and planted trees affected by the operation of the Agus 2 Baloi 138 kV
transmission line project in 2020; the project also allotted PhP5.06 million for the affected
area of the Mindanao-Visayas Interconnection Project.
 In 2020, San Miguel Corporation Global Power Philippines Foundation Inc. adopted and
funded the rehabilitation of the 302-hectare upland, low survival rate, National Greening
Program project of the People’s Organization of Barangay Digkilaan Upland Farmers
Association Inc. in Digkilaan, Manticao, Misamis Oriental. The grant will be for seven
years.
 Steel Asia Foundation Inc. allocated funds covering the 2021-2025 implementation of a 23-
hectare agroforestry project in Dayawan, Villanueva, Misamis Oriental.
 In 2022, the Philippine Sanjia Steel Corporation provided PhP0.413 million for the
development of a 5.52-hectare plantation of indigenous species for the first phase of its
compliance with its Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC).
  Holcim Philippines provided seedlings to selected City Environment and Natural Resource
Offices in the region to support the rehabilitation of ENGP plantations with low survival
rates.
 The Nature Spring Foundation Inc. signified its interest in collaborating with the
DENR-X for their Million Trees Initiative as part of their corporate social responsibility.

Initial actions toward implementation of the NDC targets and PAMs at the subnational level
are underway. The Regional Development Council of Northern Mindanao (RDC-X) recognizes
the urgency of implementing actions that contribute to attaining the NDC targets and PAMs at the
regional and local levels. Through Resolution No. 72 (s. 2021), the RDC-X enjoined all government
agencies, LGUs, and the private sector to collaborate in bringing in green interventions, and to
educate and generate support from all stakeholders on the country’s efforts to reduce carbon
emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change. The RDC-X Economic Development and
Infrastructure and Utilities Development Committees serve as focal committees in coordinating
action planning and implementation of policies and measures along the key sectors of agriculture,
waste, IPPU, transport, FOLU, and energy.

Resource loss, casualties, and damage to physical assets from natural disasters persist. The
region is confronted with multiple natural risks that include susceptibility to typhoons, floods,
storm surges, landslides, ground subsidence, earthquakes, tornadoes, and volcanic eruptions. Since
2018, the region has already achieved its annual targets for all LGUs in adopting and implementing
nationally aligned DRR strategies through local DRRM plans. However, there were still reported
deaths and injuries over the past five years. Typhoon Odette ravaged some parts of the region on
16 December 2021 and caused eight deaths, 28 persons injured, and directly affected 216,852
individuals. The number of casualties from all disasters in 2021 reached 56 individuals. The
onslaught of these typhoons toppled lifeline infrastructures in the region such as power lines, water
systems, and digital communication connectivity.

A total of PhP4.309 billion in damages from natural disasters in the region was recorded in
agriculture (49%), infrastructure (49%), and private properties (2%) for the period 2017-2021
(Table 16.1). The intensity of these disasters is amplified by climate change, which puts the region
and the country at the top of the global risk index.372 The two major hydro-meteorological
phenomena that occurred in the region in the past five years were Typhoons Vinta (20 December
2017) and Odette (16 December 2021). Weak law enforcement on environmental protection and
zoning ordinances, non-operational or non-availability of community-level early warning systems,
and the construction of non-climate-proofed infrastructures are some of the factors that contribute
to recurring resource damages and casualties.373 The lack of adequate search and rescue equipment
and established evacuation centers aggravated the situation of affected communities.374

COST OF DAMAGE (in PhP’000)

YEAR*
AGRICULTURE INFRASTRUCTURE PRIVATE PROPERTIES** TOTAL
2017 (Typhoon Vinta) 967,391.96 1,380,531.65 15,482.50 2,363,406.10
2018 - 111.00 362.55 473.55
2019 416.14 40,853.00 - 41,269.14
2020 10,000.00 2,831.00 3,426.00 16,257.00
2021 (Typhoon Odette) 1,133,973.06 689,805.50 63,850.92 1,887,629.48
Total 2,111,781.16 2,114,132.15 83,121.97 4,309,035.28
Source of Data: Office of Civil Defense Region X (OCD-X) Data Incident Summary Reports
*covers annual incidences of earthquake, as well as, flash flood/flooding incidents, landslides, and rain-induced landslides triggered by meteorological
events (e.g., Tropical Storm/Depression, Low-Pressure Area, Tail-end of a Cold Front, and Monsoon)
**includes public and non-governmental properties in general (e.g., private houses, business structures, etc.)

A total of 103 early warning systems (EWS) devices such as water level and rain gauges were
installed in the region as of 31 December 2022. These EWS are stationed in strategic locations in
Bukidnon (35 EWS), Misamis Oriental (30 EWS), Lanao del Norte (22 EWS), Misamis Occidental
(13 EWS), and Camiguin (3 EWS). However, only 72 EWS are operational based on the
monitoring of the Department of Science and Technology Region X (DOST-X). More importantly,
these EWS must be integrated into the activation of local emergency standard operation
procedure/protocol (SOP). Based on the monitoring of the OCD-X in 2021, only 43 LGUs adhere
to the four elements of a sound EWS in their respective SOP such as a) risk knowledge,
b) monitoring and warning services, c) dissemination, and d) response capability.

Climate change amplified the adverse impacts of natural disasters and emerging infectious
diseases. Frequent flooding events in the region over the past five years (2017-2021) were mostly
attributed to increased precipitation especially during wet seasons, caused by global warming.
Increased precipitation overwhelmed the rivers, creeks, estuaries, and drainage systems as
indicated in the World Bank Group’s Country Climate and Development Report for the
Philippines in 2022.375 This finding is critical in monitoring 83 inland water systems in the regional
channel that could likely contribute to flooding in 47 localities, which in turn could affect several
adjacent communities. These rapid events (e.g., flash floods) inundated low-lying and coastal areas,
which are also at risk of rising sea levels, temperature increases, changing rainfall patterns, and
urban heat-island effects. The threat of a changing climate combined with the overlapping crises
on geopolitical conflicts (cost-of-living crisis) and emerging/re-emerging infectious diseases
(EREID) has increased the vulnerability of the poor and marginalized sectors.376 Some of these
impoverished communities of informal settlers living in hazard-prone areas have scarce financial
resources and low adaptive capacities to cope with the impact of disasters.

The unprecedented effects of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic necessitated an

all-hazard approach to building resiliency. The Regional DRRM Plan (RDRRMP) 2022-2030 was
updated in 2021 integrating EREID into the plan’s framework and thematic pillars. The RDRRMP
considers a broad range of hazards to cover current, emerging, cascading, and complex risks.
However, the 2021 Gawad Kalasag (GK) evaluation revealed that in 2020 only 21 out of the 88
participating LGUs integrated COVID/EREID in their respective contingency plans, and 24 LGUs
had below 50 percent utilization of the local DRRM funds. Further, the region has 22 LGUs without
pre-disaster planning activities. Said indicators expose the LGUs’ limited level of preparedness
against a multi-hazard scenario.377 Moreover, investment programming, implementation, and
monitoring of post-disaster recovery efforts to build back better in the long term need to be
strengthened. In 2020, only 51 percent of the LGUs in the region were fully and beyond compliant
with all the requirements of RA 10121 or the Philippine Disaster Reduction and Management Act
per GK evaluation.

Strategy Framework
To enhance the adaptive capacity and resilience of communities and ecosystems against natural
hazards and climate change by 2028, the region sets to attain the following outcomes: (a) climate
and disaster risk resilience of communities and institutions increased; (b) ecosystem resilience
enhanced; (c) low carbon economy transition enabled; and (d) governance of climate change and
natural hazards resilience improved (Figure 16.1).

The government will create an environment that enables stakeholders at all levels to participate
and provide support in implementing this plan of action. Stakeholders, such as local communities,
civil society, people’s organizations, and the academe, will be engaged in building knowledge and
resilience measures; protecting, conserving, and managing the ecosystem; providing financing
options; developing technologies; and intensifying green investments.
Strategies
Outcome 1: Climate and disaster risk resilience of communities and
institutions increased
Cognizant of the cross-cutting effects of climate change-induced disasters, the region will create
an enabling environment for public-private-academe-community engagements. Implementation
of nationally aligned Local DRRM Plans, Local Climate Change Action Plans (LCCAP), and other
risk-informed sectoral plans will be improved while harnessing multi-stakeholder convergence
efforts and investments.

Intensify regional climate action through environmental and climate science

education at all levels

Environmental education and climate science will be included in the enhancement of basic and
higher education curricula. The higher education institutions (HEIs) in the region will participate
in climate and disaster risk policymaking through research studies and extension services to
communities (See Subchapter 4.2). The RDC-X will also support related course offerings such as
Geomatics for DRR and related pursuits on GeoDRR projects of public and private HEIs.
Improve early warning systems

Recognizing the region’s vulnerability to flooding and landslide hazards (See Chapter 2) at varying
degrees, the DOST-X will rationalize the allocation and/or investments in the EWS devices. The
LGUs will maintain existing EWS to ensure their continued operation and collaborate with the
DOST-X on highly technical concerns.

The OCD-X, in partnership with the DOST-X, will continue to capacitate the LGU Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Offices in integrating the use of the EWS devices in local emergency
protocols (e.g., emergency response group). Part of this capacity building is equipping the LGUs
in formulating a sound EWS that integrates the four crucial elements of a timely and effective EWS:
a) risk knowledge, b) monitoring and warning service, c) response capability, and d) dissemination
and communication. The system should be inclusive, taking into consideration the concerns of
local people, gender, cultural, linguistic, and other social aspects. The rainfall data and the
characterization of rivers are also essential elements in managing EWS.

Ensure disaster and climate-proofing of critical infrastructures

Lifeline infrastructures (e.g., power, water, roads, and telecommunications) will be upgraded to
withstand calamities (See Chapter 13) as these are crucial before, during, and after major shocks
and high-magnitude disasters. Regional line agencies and LGUs will ensure that building-back-
better strategies are considered in the rehabilitation and recovery investment requirements.

The RDRRMC-X Regional Project Monitoring Team will ensure that the new National Risk
Reduction and Management-funded evacuation centers in the region are disaster and climate-
proofed and fully operational during calamities. The appropriateness and suitability of schools that
are used as evacuation centers will be reviewed by the concerned LGUs, the local DRRMCs, the
Department of Education Region X (DEPED-X), the Department of Public Works and Highways
Region X (DPWH-X), and the OCD-X; i.e., safe against climate-induced hazard, climate proofed,
and disaster resilient. The LGUs will ensure that evacuation centers are well-maintained,
adequately equipped with facilities, and operationally ready and available whenever a disaster
occurs.

The DPWH-X and LGUs will strictly implement the Philippine Green Building Code as a referral
document of the National Building Code of the Philippines (Presidential Decree 1096).
Focus assessment and target action for vulnerable groups and communities

The Department of Social Welfare and Development Region X (DSWD-X), as the Vice-
Chairperson of the Response and Early Recovery Committee, will employ a people-centered
approach, focusing on vulnerable populations and sectors by improving access of women,
children, and other groups to assets and services. The LGUs will institute a gender-sensitive and
persons with disabilities-inclusive disaster/emergency response in their Incident Command
Systems (ICS) (See Subchapter 14.1). Documented procedures of the LGUs on the ICS will be
continually monitored through annual GK Evaluation (e.g., ensuring adequate services in
evacuation sites during disasters like child-friendly spaces and gender-inclusive facilities based on
gender-disaggregated demographics of the affected populations during calamities).

The OCD-X will lead simulation exercises such as the National Simultaneous Earthquake Drill for
government agencies, schools, and CSOs and ensure participation of target groups to improve
preparedness for future shocks and calamities. The LGUs will further cascade the call to their local
constituents to conduct and/or participate in said drills.

The security sector and OCD-X will sustain the annual joint conduct of scenario-based marching
drills. OCD-X will also provide continuing technical assistance on Civil Defense Enhancement and
DRRM to LGUs to ensure that local emergency operations centers are operational. In these
undertakings, the OCD-X will ensure a gender-sensitive and vulnerable-centered approach to
emergency protocols and response.

Outcome 2: Ecosystem resilience enhanced

Ecosystem resilience, which is the bedrock of ecosystem goods and services, is the extent to which
the natural environment can adapt to the changing climate and other stressors caused by humans
(i.e., land, freshwater, and sea use, over-exploitation). Multiple natural disasters such as typhoons,
floods, storm surges, landslides, and earthquakes, have negatively impacted the socioeconomic
conditions of individuals and communities in the region. Thus, the DENR-X, LGUs, and
concerned government agencies and private organizations will advance the rehabilitation of
degraded ecosystems and sustainably manage natural resources to improve resilience against
natural hazards.
Support the operationalization of the Philippine Action Plan for Sustainable
Consumption and Production

The region aims to maintain its ecological integrity without compromising socioeconomic
progress. The RDC-X will support the operationalization of the Philippine Action Plan for
Sustainable Consumption and Production (PAP4SCP) at the subnational level. Said action plan
guides regional stakeholders in carrying out interventions addressing sustainable consumption
and production through sustainable and climate-smart practices and lifestyles. Implementation of
short and medium-term priority actions along: a) policy and regulation, b) R&D, innovation and
technology, c) infrastructure, and d) promotion and education will be carried out through
multistakeholder participation, commitment, and capacity building. The RDC-X Regional Project
Monitoring Committee will monitor the implementation of said action areas.

Intensify ecosystem protection, rehabilitation, and management

Integrated and ecosystem-based approaches to protecting, rehabilitating, and managing natural

resources will be strengthened. These approaches encompass sustainable use of land, sea, water,
and living resources.

Biodiversity loss, although largely attributed as a consequence of economic and industrial activities
by humans, may also be exacerbated by climate change. To address this, the DENR-X will lead in
boosting the rehabilitation of remaining degraded and unproductive forestlands in the region.
Intensified forest protection will be sustained using the geospatial biodiversity management system
to efficiently monitor the status of the forest and effectively manage the ecosystem against further
degradation and deforestation.

The DENR-X will boost the implementation of the ridge-to-reef approach, a combination of
integrated water resource management (IWRM) and integrated coastal resource management
(ICRM). Implementing IWRM is vital since climate change is affecting the availability of water,
with the southern regions of Mindanao expected to be drier.378 Other measures to improve water
resource management, such as promoting water-saving irrigation technologies, increasing water
storage capacity, enhancing water supply and sanitation, and managing urban water demand, will
be prioritized.

The DENR-X Protected Area Management Offices (PAMOs) and the Environmental Management
Bureau Region X (EMB-X) will sustain the monitoring of the water quality of the region’s protected
water bodies and river basins. The WQMA Governing Boards of CDORBAR and TRB will
intensify their policy and program interventions to address water pollution (especially phosphate
and fecal coliform). A thorough investigation of pollution sources will be undertaken by the
PAMOs of Initao-Libertad Landscape and Seascape and the Baliangao Protected Landscape and
Seascape to formulate effective management interventions that will address water pollution. The
LGUs, in collaboration with the regional offices of the DA, DENR, EMB, DHSUD, Department of
Health (DOH), Department of Tourism (DOT), and the Department of the Interior and Local
Government will strictly enforce the environmental laws.

The DENR-X will generate broad-based support for the passage of the Sustainable Forest
Management (SFM) bill, which will lay down enhanced protocols on the sustainable
administration, development, management, and utilization of forests and forest resources.
Institutional mechanisms on forest management (i.e., regulation of forest-based industries and
management of watersheds) and funding requirements are among the primary concerns that will
be addressed through the enactment of said bill. The SFM will facilitate ecosystem rehabilitation
and biodiversity conservation, which will enhance functions and services and provide long-term
economic benefits for the region.

The Bureau of Soils and Water Management will advance the implementation of sustainable land
management (SLM) to address land degradation and mitigate the effects of drought. Interventions
to enhance climate resilient SLM practices, which help achieve sustainable agriculture and
agroforestry development, shall be promoted to be adopted by local farmers. It shall ensure that
land resources, such as soils, water, animals, and plants, are sustainably used. The Fertilizer and
Pesticide Authority will regulate the use of fertilizers and pesticides to protect the public from the
negative effects of the use of these inputs for agricultural production within watersheds.
Management practices aimed at sustaining ecosystem services and livelihoods in agriculture and
forestry will be continued (See Chapter 7). The LGUs will mainstream SLM policies and programs
in their respective development plans to address climate change impacts.

Through the collaborative efforts of the DENR-X, the Protected Area Management Boards
(PAMBs), civil society, people’s organizations, and other stakeholders, the region will further
enhance the sustainable management of its 10 terrestrial and marine PAs to expand biodiversity
conservation and improve human welfare. The PAs and Marine Protected Areas serve as effective
natural buffers in reducing the impacts of hazard events and as sustainable sources of livelihood
for surrounding communities.
Upgrade existing forest and biodiversity data-based management system to
intensify ecosystem protection, rehabilitation, and management

The DENR-X will upgrade its geospatial database management systems (e.g., LAWIN Forest and
Biodiversity Protection System, biodiversity database system, One Control Map, eNGP Database
System, and Climate Change and Risk Information System for Planning or CRISP). This is to
heighten effective and efficient monitoring and support conservation management decisions for
all forest areas, and protected wildlife sanctuaries, parks, landscapes, seascapes, and marine areas.
With up-to-date information that will be generated from the systems, the agency and its
stakeholders can implement timely interventions to ensure proper management, address threats,
and reverse the trends of degradation.

Strengthen application of nature-based solutions in local adaptation and risk

reduction interventions

The DENR-X, DPWH-X, LGUs, and other concerned regional line agencies will invest in and
promote the use of nature-based solutions (NbS)379 for coastal habitat restoration and biodiversity
protection. These include mangrove and coastal forests as the first line of defense, room-for-the-
river approach, green-gray infrastructures, and water-sensitive and green urban design. The NbS
operationalizes the eco-DRR strategy and strengthens gray or infrastructure-based solutions such
as river dikes and sea walls.380 Said solutions will also be reinforced by the strict implementation
of the riparian law381 by the DENR and the LGUs along rivers, creeks, shorelines, banks, and buffer
zones. The DENR-X and LGUs will also sustain tree and mangrove-growing activities, hire
additional forest rangers, and strictly implement environmental laws and ordinances (e.g., anti-
illegal, logging, mining, and quarrying).

The LGUs will institute enhanced evaluation, approval, and monitoring systems for
environmentally critical projects within environmentally critical areas. This includes full
adherence to the Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) system. The DENR-X will also
support the establishment of the Philippine Environmental Assessment System to ensure that
environmental consequences of policies, programs, and projects are fully accounted for at the
earliest stage of decision-making, consistent with economic and social considerations.
Employ multiple evidence base (MEB) approach382 to integrate indigenous,
local, and scientific knowledge systems in ecosystem management

The DENR-X will lead the conservation, management, development, and proper use of the region’s
natural resources and ensure that various knowledge systems and practices are assimilated into
various processes in biodiversity and ecosystem management. The IP groups' participation in
PAMBs and river basin management councils in the region will be sustained in Northern
Mindanao. Membership of IP groups in various environmental management and policy-making
bodies at the regional and local levels will be promoted for them to be involved in the governance
of ecosystems. Traditional knowledge, heritage, and respect for nature and stewardship have been
recognized internationally as essential contributions to designing and implementing solutions for
sustainable and climate-resilient ecosystems.383

Outcome 3: Low carbon economy transition enabled

The goal of transitioning to a low-carbon economy will entail robust participation of individual
households, including farm households, and the private and business sectors. Stakeholders must
understand the benefits of climate actions; hence, wider knowledge dissemination and
incentivizing stakeholder participation are vital for cooperation.

Support the operationalization of the Nationally Determined Contribution policies

and measures

Development stakeholders in the region will support the operationalization of the NDC PAMs to
move the country towards a low-carbon and climate-resilient future while promoting
socioeconomic development and industrialization. The NEDA-X, as the Secretariat of the RDC-X,
with the participation of concerned regional line agencies, LGUs, and the private sector, will
spearhead the action planning for the localization and cascading of NDC PAMs. The RDC-X will
guarantee that NDC PAMs PAPs are included in the region’s priorities. The RDC-X will also
ensure that a budget for this purpose is provided for its implementation.

The RDC-X will support efforts in accelerating the approval and adoption of the NDC
Implementation Plan (NDCIP). The NDCIP covers six areas of implementation: governance,
adaptation, mitigation, gender, finance, and measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV). The
plan, which provides the institutional arrangements for the implementation of NDC PAMs, will
guide the implementation and monitoring of the PAMs at the national, regional, and local levels.
The DOE will push for a renewable-energy-dominated power mix, which will promote energy
security and affordability in the country. Investments in solar and wind power and corresponding
grid capacity and flexibility will be scaled up. A hundred percent foreign capital in renewable
energy investments is now allowed under Section 19(B) amendment of the implementing rules and
regulations of the Renewable Energy Act of 2008 through the DOE Circular No. DC2022-11-0034
(See Chapter 13). Energy efficiency and demand-side management efforts in buildings and
industries will be intensified.

The Energy Regulatory Commission will implement the Retail Competition and Open Access
(RCOA) and the Green Energy Option Program (GEOP) in Mindanao. The RCOA will allow
customers the freedom to select their electricity supplier, while the GEOP will empower consumers
with demand not lower than 100 kW to prefer renewable energy power supply (See Chapter 13).

The DOE will mainstream applicable alternative fuel (AF) and energy technologies (AFET) for
transport and non-transport purposes in collaboration with the private sector, the LGUs, transport
groups, and academe, among others by 2023-2040.384 The use of AFET addresses the rising cost of
conventional fuels and negative effects on the environment.385 Moreover, financial incentives, such
as exemption from excise tax, will be provided to users of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid
vehicles.386 According to DOE, the exemption is expected to pave the way for more affordable EV
models and increased investment in support infrastructure that will help sustain the drive for
electric mobility.

The DENR, with support from the LGUs, will promulgate and strengthen carbon sink programs
initiated by the private sector/business companies as part of their ECC condition in contributing
to forest rehabilitation. Reforestation programs are important as they aid the sequestration of
significant amounts of carbon in vegetation and soils. The EMB-X will strictly monitor compliance
with ECC conditions.

Reinforce private sector implementation of quality, safe, and green business

operations and enjoin investments in green development

The region, in reinforcing green development investments, will provide incentives for green
industries and promote green practices in doing business. These include incentive schemes for
industries that use solar power and rainwater catchments in their buildings or other facilities.
Moreover, the private sector will be enjoined to implement quality, safe, and green operations in
delivering products and services. As the private sector is a critical actor in a green transition, a
favorable business environment will be offered so that more companies are encouraged to
contribute. For instance, the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (Republic Act 8749), industries with
pollution control devices or have retrofit their existing facilities with mechanisms that reduce
pollution shall be entitled to tax incentives (such as but not limited to tax credits and/or accelerated
depreciation deductions). The following strategies are recommended to influence green growth:387

 Create financial motivation for companies to lower their emissions. Carbon pricing
incentivizes green growth. This mechanism changes the consumption and production
behaviors of consumers and businesses while unleashing technological innovation and
generating funds that can be put to productive use;
 Apply tax credits and subsidies to reduce the risk for the private sector to invest in innovative
solutions to address climate change. Subsidies can be a powerful mechanism for green
growth;
 Engage research, development, and innovation that will reduce barriers to green innovation
and attract more private sector investments;
 Facilitate infrastructure support that facilitates green growth; and
 Implement regulations, such as standards and mandatory disclosures, which will lead to
achieving specific aspects of sustainability.

Expand market opportunities for low carbon technologies and products

The Department of Trade and Industry Region X (DTI-X), Board of Investments (BOI), DOT-X,
and other concerned agencies will foster the adoption and utilization of low-carbon technology,
and business operation solutions and products in the region. The private sector is the engine of
innovation, a key to climate change mitigation and adaptation actions. The significant
participation of the academe and civil society in moving the region toward a low-carbon economy
is also crucial.

The DOT-X will pursue multidimensional tourism that harnesses the region’s endowments in
culture and heritage, the arts, food (including Halal), nature-based farm tourism, medicine, and
health and wellness, among others. This will involve the establishment of green tourism parks,
aquamarine parks, river esplanades, food innovation centers, museums, theaters, and the like (See
Chapter 9). It will also lead in the implementation of the National Ecotourism Strategic Action
Plan 2023-2028 in the region by fostering eco-tourism circuits that promote sustainable and slow-
travel tourism. Tourists will be encouraged to spend more time and participate in regenerative
activities for the environment such as tree planting, clean-up drives, and the use of eco-friendly
products (See Chapter 9).

The DTI-X will facilitate MSMEs’ access to low-carbon ideas, technology, and experts to improve
their business performance. With this, the services of the Regional Inclusive Innovation Centers,
and Shared Service Facilities (See Chapter 10) will be tapped. The DTI-X, DOST-X, and concerned
government agencies will facilitate access to funds and incentives for research and development
and start-up ecosystem development. The resources will include low-interest loans, scholarships,
research grants, and training subsidies. These resources are needed to promote startups and
innovations and conduct research that caters to industry needs for a low-carbon economy (See
Chapters 9 and 10). These will enable businesses to deliver sustainable products and services,
thereby promoting more responsible and environmentally conscious consumption.

Outcome 4: Governance of Climate Change and Natural Hazard

Resilience Improved
The region recognizes the crucial role of LGUs as the first line of defense against climate change-
induced natural hazards. Hence, governance systems will be improved to ensure that local plans
are crafted and implemented. This will be conducted alongside climate change data management
and information systems for risk-based planning and decision-making.

Improve the capacities of LGUs as frontline of defense against climate change

impacts

The RDRRMC-X lead agencies (OCD-X, DOST-X, DILG-X, DSWD-X, and NEDA-X) will
provide technical assistance to planners and DRRM-CCA workers from regional line agencies,
LGUs, and non-government entities for continuous capacity-building and upskilling in prevention
and mitigation, preparedness, response, and rehabilitation and recovery. Said interventions will be
based on the latest and forecasted climate trends and the integration of an all-hazard approach.
The NEDA-X, OCD-X, DILG-X, and the DHSUD-X will monitor the completion, regular
updating, and implementation of Local DRRM Plans, LCCAPs, and DRR/CCA-enhanced
Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plans (PDPFPs) and Comprehensive Land Use
Plans. The PDPFP integrates the Resilient and Green Human Settlements Framework and
Disability-inclusive DRR principles (See Subchapter 4.3). The Regional Validation Committee, led
by the OCD-X, will continue to monitor LGUs’ compliance with GK Seal evaluation requirements
to ensure adherence to the provisions of RA 10121 (Philippines DRR and Management System
Act). This includes the functionality of DRRM Councils at all levels (See Chapter 15).
In improving disaster management and response, the RDC-X and RDRRMC-X will push for the
operationalization of a state-of-the-art Government Command and Control Center (GCCC),
complete with cutting-edge technologies, equipment, and facilities. The operation of this Center
will facilitate more effective coordination, better disaster preparedness and response measures, and
prompt monitoring of disasters. The three-storey multi-purpose GCCC building is also designed
to efficiently implement activities, particularly in the field of communications, emergency
transportation, evacuation rescue, warning signals, rehabilitation efforts, public education, and
other auxiliary services. The GCCC will also serve as the command center for future public health
emergencies or pandemic situations.

Investments in fully equipped emergency response (e.g., emergency ambulance for the security
sector) and skills training will be prioritized to ensure the timely and effective delivery of
emergency response services (See Subchapter 14.1). Inter-LGU networking with the private sector,
civil society organizations, and volunteer groups will be encouraged through Memorandum of
Agreements to mobilize and utilize pooled resources for DRRM activities. The Department of
Information and Communications Technology (DICT) will further strengthen the region’s
internet infrastructure to ensure robust interconnection, especially in times of disaster.

The OCD-X will monitor LGU’s subscription to insurance protection systems, including the
Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation for agri-production, the Government Service Insurance
System for government buildings and DRR equipment, and other modes of life insurance for
emergency responders.

The DILG-X will ensure the implementation of Operation Listo388 at the local level. This will ensure
that LGUs are better prepared during disasters by following the Operation Listo manual, instituting
local protocols, and defining the accountabilities of local chief executives before, during, and after
the disasters. The LGUs and regional line agencies are enjoined to use the HazardHunterPH
application, a tool that provides indicative hazard assessments for specific locations. All
information used for the calculation of hazard assessment results are based on the most recent
updates provided by the corresponding mandated government agencies through the GeoRiskPH
Integrated System.

Improve local climate change data management and information system

Efforts on DRRM-CCA will leverage science- and risk-based systems, including real-time hydro-
meteorological monitoring and watershed instrumentation programs, to support CCA actions and
improve flood risk management. Project NOAH or the Nationwide Operational Assessment of
Hazards, the Geohazard/GeoRisk platform, the PlanSmart App, and similar applications will be
promoted and institutionalized at the local level. The NEDA-X and DENR-X will continually
update the CRISP, which is a regional web-based repository of geospatial information adopted by
the RDC-X used for DRR-related planning and advocacies. Key institutions such as the national
and regional DRRM Councils, national and regional offices of the OCD, DOST, the Philippine
Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, and the University of the Philippines Campus System
will collaborate in cascading science based DRRM tools at the local level.

Shepherd implementation and monitoring of Regional and Local Climate Change

Action Plans and DRRM Plans

The Provincial, City, Municipal, and Barangay DRRM offices will ensure that their respective
LCCAPs and LDRRMPs are updated, implemented, monitored, and aligned/harmonized with
higher-level development and land use plans. The Mandanas-Garcia ruling (Executive Order 138,
s. 2021) grants LGUs with higher tax allotment, which translates to a bigger budget including the
LGUs’ five percent allocation for DRR/CCA-related PAPs.

The GK Seal Evaluation Regional Team will monitor the allocation and implementation of target
PAPs through the LGUs’ budget utilization reports/documents. The monitoring results will serve
as inputs to the review of the utilization of the five percent DRRM funds of LGUs and to assess
their disaster preparedness, especially those LGUs with high vulnerability/susceptibility to
disasters. To complement the public sector’s efforts, the DTI-X will provide continuing assistance
to the private sector in preparing their respective business continuity plans. The implementation
and monitoring of these plans will employ a greater whole-of-society approach to building
resiliency.

The RDC-X will also monitor the allocation and implementation of DRR/CCA-related PAPs of
government agencies. This will be done through the annual budgeting exercise of the Council,
which allows it to check if the agencies have sufficiently allocated budgets for DRR-CCA.

In support of inclusive development and improved resiliency of all sectors in the region, the
RDC-X Regional Committee on the Promotion of Culture will enjoin the regional line agencies,
LGUs, the private sector, academe, and other instrumentalities to adopt and support the
implementation and advocacy of the Cultural Recovery and Resiliency Plan 2023-2028. This will
engender a whole-of-nation approach in: 1) ensuring timely, relevant, and culture-based response
to the COVID-19 pandemic and disasters; 2) enabling the culture and arts sector to adapt to and
effectively recover from the COVID-19 pandemic and disasters; and 3) empowering the culture
and arts sector to be disaster-resilient, thus facilitating recovery from all disasters while ensuring
the protection and fulfillment of rights of multicultural communities.

Legislative Agenda

LEGISLATIVE AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE AGENCIES

Integrated Coastal The bill aims to institutionalize ICM as a national strategy Department of Environment
Management (ICM) to ensure holistic and sustainable management of various and Natural Resources (DENR),
ecosystems and natural resources through the ridge-to- Department of Agriculture (DA),
reef approach. Bureau of Fisheries and
Aquatic Resources (BFAR),
This will rationalize the efforts of various agencies in the Department of the Interior and
region in sustainably managing coastal resources. Local Government (DILG),
National Economic and
Development Authority (NEDA)
Sustainable Forest The bill aims to enhance forest ecosystems through DENR, Department of Science
Management reforestation and forest rehabilitation to mitigate climate and Technology (DOST),
change, improve and conserve biodiversity, enhance Commission on Higher
ecosystem functions and services, and provide long-term Education
economic benefits.

National Land Use Bill The bill will establish a national land use framework as the NEDA, DENR, DA, Department of
basis for the rationalization, management, and Human Settlements and Urban
development of the country’s land resources. Development (DHSUD),
Department of Agrarian
Reform, DILG, Department of
Public Works and Highways
(DPWH), Department of Trade
and Industry, DOST
Establishing the Philippine The proposed measure aims to ensure that possible DENR, DA, NEDA, DHSUD, DILG,
Environmental Assessment environmental consequences of policies, plans, and DPWH, DOST
System (EAS) programs are fully accounted for at the earliest stage of
decision-making, consistent with economic and social
considerations. This will also strengthen the use of the
Environmental Impact Statement System, as a planning
and monitoring tool.

The EAS that will be adopted is composed of Strategic

Environmental Assessment for policies, plans, and
programs; and Environmental Impact Assessment for
projects.
Research Agenda

RESEARCH AGENDA RATIONALE/DESCRIPTION RESPONSIBLE AGENCIES

Assessment of local Baseline studies on LGU systems and capacities in the Office of Civil Defense Region X
capacities on disaster risk context of managing public health emergencies and (OCD-X), Department of the
reduction and making cities/municipalities resilient against infectious Interior and Local Government
management, particularly diseases (including good practices) will provide evidence Region X (DILG-X), Department
along public health to policymakers at the national and local levels in of Health Region X
emergencies recalibrating policy, program, and oversight responses to
such health emergencies.

Disaster preparedness This research will assess and analyze the allocation and OCD-X, DILG-X
assessment and analysis utilization of the five percent LDRRMF as required from
of LGUs in Northern the LGUs vis-à-vis its vulnerability and exposure to
Mindanao including the hazards. One study found that low-income LGUs, which
Review on the Utilization of have high susceptibility to hazards, also have meager
5% Local Disaster Risk budget for disaster preparedness and mitigation.
Reduction and
Management Funds
(LDRRMF) in the LGUs
Results Matrix (Core Indicators)

ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE

END OF
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCYa/
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
TARGET
ENTITYb
Chapter Outcome 1: Climate and disaster risk resilience of communities and institutions increased
Damage and 0.002% (PhP1.88 B) Decreasing Decreasing year-on-year Consolidated Office of Civil
losses from (2021) from Situational Defense
natural baseline Reports from Region X
hazards as Local Disaster (OCD-X)
percentage of Risk
gross regional Reduction
domestic and
product Management
decreased Councils
(LDRRMCs)
Zero deaths 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Consolidated OCD-X
due to natural (2021) Situational
disasters Reports from
achieved LDRRMCs
Number of 216,852 Decreasing Decreasing year-on-year Consolidated OCD-X, Local
directly (2021) from Situational Government
affected baseline Reports from Units (LGUs)
persons LDRRMCs
attributed to
disasters
decreased
Chapter Outcome 2: Ecosystem resilience enhanced
Forest cover 33% (2021) Increasing Increasing year-on-year Annual Report Department
increased from of
baseline Environment
and Natural
Resources
Region X
(DENR-X)
Management effectiveness assessment (MEA) rating score of existing National Integrated Protected Areas System MEA report DENR-X
(NIPAS) protected areas increasedc
 Mt. 92.02%, 93% No Assessment 94% No Assessment 94%
Kitanglad Excellent
Range (2020)
Naturla
Park-ASEAN
Heritage
Park
 Mt. 80.00%, 90% No Assessment 92% No Assessment 92%
Kalatungan Excellent
Range (2020)
Naturla
Park
 Mt 86.54%, 90% No Assessment 95% No Assessment 95%
Timpoong- Excellent
Hibok-hibok (2020)
Natural
Monument-
ASEAN
 ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
END OF
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCYa/
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
TARGET
ENTITYb
Heritage
Park
 Mt. 73.12%, 80% No Assessment 85% No Assessment 85%
Inayawan Good
Range (2021)
Natural
Park-ASEAN
Heritage
Park
 Mt. 95.00%, 97% No Assessment 98% No Assessment 98%
Malindang Excellent
Range (2020)
Natural
Park-ASEAN
Heritage
Park
 Baliangao 93.00%, 95% No Assessment 96% No Assessment 96%
Protected Excellent
Landscape (2020)
and
Seascape
 Mt. 54.36%, 60% No Assessment 70% No Assessment 70%
Balatukan Good
Range (2020)
Natural
Park
 Mimbilisan 78.70%, 80% No Assessment 85% No Assessment 85%
Protected Excellent
Landscape (2020)
 Initao- 77.52%, 85% No Assessment 90% No Assessment 90%
Libertad Excellent
Protected 2020
Landscape
and
Seascape
Area of 345,097.41 287,632 281,700.86 275,808.86 Decreasing year-on-year Annual Report DENR-X
denuded and (2021)
degraded
forestland
decreased (ha)
Chapter Outcome 3: Low carbon economy transition enabled
Share of 32.9 33.2 33.5 33.8 34.1 34.4 34.7 34.7 Annual Report Department
renewable (2021) of Energy
energy in the
power
generation mix
increased (%)
Public Utility 7.07 22.65 48.15 68.25 83.22 92.00 100 100 Agency report Land
Vehicles (481) (1,542) (3,277) (4,645) (5,664) (6,262) (6,806) (6,806) Transportation
(PUVs) (2022) Franchising
modernized and Regulatory
increased (% Board Region X
with equivalent
number of
PUVs)
 ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS RESPONSIBLE
END OF
BASELINE MEANS OF AGENCYa/
INDICATORS PLAN
(YEAR) 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 VERIFICATION REPORTING
TARGET
ENTITYb
Chapter Outcome 4: Governance of climate change and natural hazard resilience improved
Number of LGUs with approved and effective LCCAP and DRRMP achieved Gawad OCD-X,
 LCCAP 68/98 (70%) 78/98 83/98 88/98 91/98 93/98 98/98 98/98 Kalasag (GK) Department
(2021) (80%) (85%) (90%) (93%) (95%) (100%) (100%) Evaluation of the Interior
o DRR/CCA- 2022 5/5 and Monthly and Local
enhanced 4/5 (100%) Accomplishm Government
PDPFPs ent Report, Region X,
o CDRS- 100% Agency Department
CLUP Report of Human
 LDRRMPd 59 (2021) 16 11 67 98 Settlements
and Urban
Development
Region X
Number of 45/98 50/98 60/98 70/98 80/98 90/98 98/98 98/98 Agency OCD-X, LGUs
LDRRM (46%) (51%) (61%) (71%) (82%) (92%) (100%) 100% Report
Councils and (2021)
Offices fully
compliant to
Sections 11 and
12 of Republic
Act 10121
through the GK
Seal Evaluation
increased
a/
Agency accountable for delivering the outputs/achievement of outcomes
b/
Lead agency responsible for reporting progress on indicator targets
c/
MEA is conducted every three years and uses management effectiveness scoring: >26%=Poor, 26%-50% =Fair, 51%-74%=Good, 75%-100%=Excellent
d/
LDRRMP timeline varies across LGUs; hence, targets are based on LDRRMPs that will be expiring on a particular year
Major and Catalytic Programs and Projects389
Strategies in accelerating climate action and strengthening disaster resilience will be translated into
the following programs and projects that will enable the attainment of the outcomes identified in
the chapter:

 State-of-the-art Government Command and Control Center;

 Formulation and/or updating of Local Contingency Plans, Public Service Continuity Plans,
and Business Continuity Plans;
 Functional EWS at local levels;
 Capacity Building on Interpreting Hazard Warnings and Search, Rescue, and Retrieval
Cluster Program for effective decision-making of P/C/MDRRMOs;
 Operationalization of the Philippine Action Plan for Sustainable Consumption and
Production;
 Enhanced National Greening Program;
 National Land Titling Program;
 Intensified Forest Protection;
 Enhanced Biodiversity Conservation Program;
 Scaling up of Coastal and Marine Ecosystems;
 Adoption of the Nationally Determined Contribution Implementation Plan; and
 Emergency Management Information System.

365
United Nations SDG 14 is Life below water. Its aim is to conserve and sustainably use the oceans, sea and marine resources for sustainable
development. https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal14.
366
United Nations SDG 15 is Life on land. Its aim is to protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage
forests, combat desertification, and halt the reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss. https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal15.
367
LAWIN is a forest and biodiversity protection system that uses innovative technology to monitor the status of the forest. It seeks to conserve the
forest and biodiversity with the involvement of the community. It facilitates environmental monitoring of the forest and biodiversity of highly
conservation areas using an integrated science-based assessment that is user-friendly. It allows the communities and environmental authority to
alleviate the status of the natural forest and properly manage the ecosystem against degradation and deforestation.
368
This is based on the reported Management Effectiveness Assessment (MEA) ratings in 2020 and 2021 (for Mount Inayawan) using the
Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT). MEA is conducted every three years and uses the management effectiveness scoring:
>26%=Poor, 26%-50% =Fair, 51%-74%=Good, 75%-100%=Excellent. Identification of the buffer zone for other Protected Areas is determined and
accomplished after the result of PA Management Zone Delineation, which is the targeted in 2022. Since 1999, the METT has become the most
common Protected Area Management Effectiveness (PAME) tool used in over 2,500 protected areas covering over 4.2 million sq. km. (i.e., over a
fifth of the world’s terrestrial protected areas by area) in at least 127 countries. The METT score indicates how effectively a protected area is
managed over time. (Stolton, S. and N. Dudley.2016.METT Handbook: A guide to using the Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT),
WWF-UK, Working).
369
2021 Water Quality Assessment Reports of the Cagayan de Oro River Basin and Adjacent Rivers (CDORBAR) Water Quality Management Area
(WQMA) and the Tagoloan River Basin (TRB) WQMA.
370
2010 Philippines Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report Executive Summary published by the Philippine Climate Change Commission; downloaded at
https://niccdies.climate.gov.ph/files/documents/Executive%20Summary_2010%20National%20GHGI%20Report.pdf.
371
Reported in the 2022 Accomplishment Report of the DENR-X.
372
The World Risk Index 2022 ranked the Philippines first in the world in risk among 193 countries worldwide. Developed by the United Nations
University Institute for Environment and Human Security, the report covers 100 indicators in terms of vulnerability, susceptibility, as well
adaptive and coping capacities of countries in the face of disasters.
373
These concerns were raised during the RDP 2023-2028 regional and local consultations.
374
These concerns were raised during the RDP 2023-2028 regional and local consultations.
375
Based on the World Bank Group’s Country Climate and Development Report for the Philippines released in 2022.
376
United Nations Development Programme: Multiple crises halt progress as 9 out of 10 countries fall backwards in human development, UNDP
report warns. https://www.undp.org/asia-pacific/press-releases/multiple-crises-halt-progress-9-out-10-countries-fall-backwards-human-
development-undp-report-warns.
377
Pre-disaster planning activities per GK evaluation must cover all of the following: a) Updated socioeconomic database, b) LDRRM Office with
LDRRM Officer, c) List/maps of identified critical areas, assets, and population centers, d) LDRRMF, GSIS property insurance, and other disaster
risk financing and insurance.
378
Based on the World Bank Group’s Country Climate and Development Report for the Philippines released in 2022.
379
Based on the definition from the International Union for Conservation of Nature, Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are actions to protect, sustainably
manage, and restore natural and modified ecosystems that address societal challenges effectively and adaptively, simultaneously benefiting people
and nature. NbS address societal challenges through the protection, sustainable management and restoration of both natural and modified
ecosystems, benefiting both biodiversity and human well-being. NbS are underpinned by benefits that flow from healthy ecosystems. They target
major challenges like climate change, disaster risk reduction, food and water security, biodiversity loss and human health, and are critical to
sustainable economic development.
380
Incidence of river- and seawater-scouring on dikes and sea walls, respectively, were reported by some LGUs to the Regional Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Council-X (RDRRMC-X) Regional Project Validation and Evaluation Team.
381
The DENR issued on 10 December 2020, the DAO 2020-16 “Guidelines on the Disposition of Lands Formed by Accretion Adjacent to Agricultural
Lands (A&D) and management of Islets in River Channels, Dried Creeks and Dried Riverbeds.
382
The multiple evidence base (MEB) approach382 is a mechanism for learning, planning, assessment, problem-solving, and decision-making that takes
into consideration diverse knowledge systems. In the context of managing biodiversity and ecosystem for sustainability, indigenous people’s (IP) role
in developing, managing, and protecting natural spaces and ecosystems is significant in parallel with local and scientific knowledge. Source: Tengö,
M., Brondizio, E.S., Elmqvist, T. et al. Connecting Diverse Knowledge Systems for Enhanced Ecosystem Governance: The Multiple Evidence Base
Approach. AMBIO 43, 579–591 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-014-0501-3.
383
United Nations Environment Programme: Indigenous peoples and the nature they protect. https://www.unep.org/news-and-
stories/story/indigenous-peoples-and-nature-they-Protect#:~:text=Indigenous%20peoples'%20contributions%20are%20essential,
assessments%20and%20sustainable%20ecosystem%20management.
384
The Alternative Fuels and Energy Technologies (AFET) Roadmap 2017-2040 of the Department of Energy; AFET being prioritized are: 1) electric
vehicle, 2) Liquefied Petroleum Gas, 3) Compressed Natural Gas, 4) Liquefied Natural Gas, 5) Hybrid electric vehicle. Assessment of non-transport
energy technologies will also be pursued.
385
The Mindanao Energy Plan 2018-2040 of the Department of Energy.
386
Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion Law or TRAIN Law.
387
Key learnings from the research report, Leveraging Private Sector Practices to Guide Green Business Environment Reform, by the Donor
Committee for Enterprise Development, April 2022.
388
The Operation Listo is a manual prepared by the DILG to strengthen the alertness and readiness of the LGUs in pre-disaster planning. The
manual is composed of three modules such as the: 1) Checklist of Early Preparations for Mayors, 2) Checklist of Critical Preparations for Mayors,
and 3) Checklist for City/Municipal Local Government Operations Officer, Chief of Police, and Fire Marshals.
389
Major PAP is defined as ongoing or proposed development program or project of an agency with total investment cost of at least PhP1 billion and
is aligned with the 8-point agenda of PBBM. Catalytic development program or project, is an ongoing or proposed program or project of an agency
with total investment cost greater or lower than PhP1 billion, and possesses one or both of the following characteristics: a) Enhances socioeconomic
growth; and b) Induces crowding-in of resource flows. The details, including the investment targets and project cost are further defined in the
Regional Development Investment Program 2023-2028, which will be formulated in the First Semester 2023.
Plan Implementation and
Monitoring and Evaluation
The effective implementation of the Northern Mindanao Regional Development Plan (RDP) 2023-2028
calls for efficient coordination among the whole-of-government, the private sector, civil society, and
other development partners. During the implementation period, the efficiency and effectiveness of the
various strategies and programs in the plan will be monitored. Efficiency will be determined in terms of
how the development actors’ actions have been directed towards achieving the desired results.
Effectiveness will be evaluated in terms of the extent to which the quality of life of the Filipinos in the
region, especially the underprivileged and marginalized, has improved.

This chapter presents how the government intends to manage the various functions of the public sector
to deliver results relative to the implementation of strategies in the RDP. It will also examine the
institutional, political, and administrative arrangements in implementing the RDP, as well as, how the
plan is integrated into the existing machinery and processes at the regional and sub-regional levels.

The following priority action areas will ensure the effective implementation of the plan: a) capability
building programs for regional and local planners and implementers to align the RDP with local and
sectoral plans; b) innovations in PSM; c) advocacy for all stakeholders on their roles in RDP
implementation and monitoring; and d) identification of areas for further research and legislative
support for policy and other development-related decision making processes.

Integrating the Regional Development Plan into the

Existing Machinery for Regional Policy-Making and
Planning Coordination
The formulation and implementation of the RDP is integral to the entire development planning
and implementation machinery and process (Figure 17.1). The RDP acquires its legitimacy
through a formal endorsement and approval by the Regional Development Council (RDC), which
is then acknowledged by the government agencies, local government units (LGUs), and private
sector. Through this, various development activities will be integrated in the public sector
management (PSM) process to contribute in attaining the overall goal and vision of the region.
The Regional Development Council of Northern Mindanao (RDC-X) exercises its mandate and
uses its structure (Figure 17.2) in the whole cycle of plan implementation. It oversees the
implementation of measures that directly contribute to the achievement of the RDP headline
targets. Meanwhile, the RDC-X sectoral and special committees and their Technical Working
Groups steer the implementation of the RDP thematic strategies (Table 17.1).

*Reorganized pursuant to EO 325 (s. 1996)

 RESPONSIBLE
CHAPTER
(RDC-X SECTOR/SPECIAL COMMITTEES)*
Chapter 2. Regional Spatial Framework Regional Development Council in Northern
Mindanao (RDC-X) Regional Land Use
Committee, Inter-agency Committee for
Conflict Resolution of Tenurial Claims, and
Ad hoc Committee for Metro Cagayan de
Misamis
Chapter 3. Overview of the Regional Development Plan 2023-2028 Strategy RDC-X and its Sectoral Committees
Framework
Chapter 4. Promote Human Capital and Social Development RDC-X Social Development Committee (SDC)
Subchapter 4.1. Boost Health
Subchapter 4.2. Improve Education and Lifelong Learning
Subchapter 4.3. Establish Livable Communities
Chapter 5. Increase Income-earning Ability RDC-X SDC
Chapter 6. Reduce Vulnerabilities and Protect Purchasing Power RDC-X SDC and
Subchapter 6.1. Ensure Food Security and Proper Nutrition RDC-X Economic Development Committee
Subchapter 6.2. Strengthen Social Protection (EDC)
Chapter 7. Modernize Agriculture and Agri-business RDC-X EDC
Chapter 8. Revitalize Industry RDC-X EDC
Chapter 9. Reinvigorate Services RDC-X EDC
Chapter 10. Advance Research and Development, Technology, and Innovation RDC-X EDC and
Regional Research, Development, and
Innovation Committee
Chapter 11. Promote Trade and Investments RDC-X EDC
Chapter 12. Promote Financial Inclusion and Improve Public Financial RDC-X Macro and Development Administration
Management Committee (MacroCom)
Chapter 13. Expand and Upgrade Infrastructure RDC-X Infrastructure and Utilities
Development Committee
Chapter 14. Ensure Peace and Security and Enhance Administration of Justice RDC-X MacroCom
Subchapter 14.1. Ensure Peace and Security
Subchapter 14.2. Enhance Administration of Justice
Chapter 15. Practice Good Governance and Improve Bureaucratic Efficiency RDC-X MacroCom
Chapter 16. Accelerate Climate Action and Strengthen Disaster Resilience RDC-X EDC and RDC-X MacroCom
Chapter 17. Plan Implementation and Monitoring RDC-X, Regional Project Monitoring
Committee Region X, and RDC-X Regional
Communications and Advocacy Committee
*Serves as Planning Committees of the RDP 2023-2028
RDC-X Secretariat
In line with Section 13 of Executive Order (EO) No. 230 (s. 1987) “Reorganizing the National
Economic and Development Authority,” a National Economic and Development Authority
Regional Office (NRO) will be established in every administrative region. The NRO will serve as
the principal technical staff and Secretariat of the RDC, including the Executive Committee and
the Advisory Committee (EO 325, Section 13, s. 1996).

Per EO 376 (s. 1989), as amended by EO 93 (s. 1993), the NRO Regional Director will serve as the
Vice-Chairperson of the RDC and Chairperson of the Regional Land Use Committee and the
Regional Project Monitoring Committee. The NRO Assistant Regional Director will serve as the
Secretary of the Council. The four technical divisions of the National Economic and Development
Authority Region X will provide secretariat and technical support to the RDC sectoral and special
committees as follows:

NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENT REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL OF NORTHERN MINDANAO

AUTHORITY REGION X DIVISIONS SECTORAL/SPECIAL COMMITTEES
Development Research Division Social Development Committee
Regional Statistics Committee
Regional Gender and Development Committee
Regional Committee on Sustainable Development Goals
Regional Committee for the Welfare of Children
Regional Committee on the Promotion of Culture
Communications and Advocacy Committee
Regional Research, Development, and Innovation Committee
Project Development, Investment Economic Development Committee
Programming, and Budgeting Division
Policy Formulation and Planning Division Macro and Development Administration Committee
Regional Land Use Committee
Committee on Devolution
Special Balik Probinsya, Bagong Pag-asa Committee
Inter-agency Committee for Conflict Resolution of Tenurial Claims
Ad hoc Committee for Metro Cagayan de Misamis
Project Monitoring and Evaluation Division Infrastructure and Utilities Development Committee
Regional Project Monitoring Committee
RDP Process and the Synchronized Planning,
Programming and Budgeting System
The Joint Memorandum Circular (JMC) No. 1 (s. 2007) and its update, JMC No. 1 (s. 2016), of the
Department of the Interior and Local Government, National Economic and Development
Authority, Department of Finance, and Department of Budget and Management provide the
Guidelines on the Harmonization of Local Planning, Investment Programming, Budgeting,
Expenditure Management, Resource Mobilization, and Performance Monitoring and
Coordination in Fiscal oversight. These will be observed in the plan implementation, monitoring,
and updating in collaboration with concerned stakeholders.

Phasing the RDP Implementation Relative to the

Local Plans
The RDP is considered reflective of the people’s aspirations within the planning period. As such,
this could be segmented into two phases or by a three-year period at the local level to synchronize
with the term of elected officials and accommodate short-term planning cycles.

The RDP allows its translation into more implementable terms at the provincial, city, and
municipal levels based on the following assumptions:

• The LGUs will be effective implementers of the RDP through their provincial, city, and
municipal development plans, executive-legislative agenda, and corresponding investment
programs and budgets; and
• The legislators will be interested in the enactment of budget appropriations to ensure local
translations of development concerns affecting specific districts, thus providing their
support to the RDP implementation.

The effective implementation and institutionalization of the RDP will consider the following:

• Integrating it into existing mechanisms, processes, and outputs of planning at the national,
sub-national, and local levels;
• Setting-up a continuing capability building program for planners and implementers to
ensure the technical quality of the various processes of development planning in the region;
• Strengthening and improving systems of data gathering and analysis, which will be part of
the regional data banking and management information system of the RDC;
 • Ensuring proactive support of the private sector whose investments are the engine and/or
dynamo of economic growth, which in turn are fueled by the government’s support and
motivation through various interventions and provision of the necessary socioeconomic
overhead capital; and
• Engaging the business sector, non-government organizations (NGOs), civil society
organizations (CSOs), the academe, and other stakeholders in making the implementation
of the plan more inclusive.

Regional Development Investment Program (RDIP) as

the implementing instrument of the RDP
The RDP is largely socioeconomic in context and serves as the main guide in the formulation and
implementation of sectoral programs and projects. The RDIP, as the accompanying document of
the RDP, contains major programs, activities, and projects (PAPs) that will contribute to the
attainment of the objectives and targets of the plan. With a six-year time frame, the RDIP fits into
the political term of national elected officials. In essence, both the RDP and the Philippine
Development Plan (PDP) articulate the people’s development agenda and provide the political
platform of incumbent administration as reflected in the medium-term and annual investment
programs.

Within the plan period, the RDC-X will pilot-test and fully roll-out the Northern Mindanao
Regional Development Investment Program (RDIP) Online System, an innovation of NRO-X.
This web-based system will be used in the preparation of RDIP and Annual Investment Program
and allows the agencies to enroll priority PAPs online.

In the iterative processes of RDP formulation, existing local plans have been taken into
consideration through the conduct of comprehensive provincial and city consultations. As a result,
the RDP is being translated at the local level through the comprehensive development plans and
investment programs.

Annual Budget Review

The Annual Budget Review seeks to determine the priority region-wide infrastructure projects and
regionally initiated priority socioeconomic PAPs. The review also ensures that proposed PAPs are
supportive of the PDP and RDP390 based on the Public Investment Program, RDIP, and three-year
rolling infrastructure program of the region. These proposed PAPs will be prioritized in the budget
allocation and implementation for a particular fiscal year.

Financing the RDP

Aside from the General Appropriations Act, the RDP will be funded by Official Development
Assistance, local government units (LGUs), and the private sector. The local funds may include
projects proposed for inter-LGU funding, as well as, those that are part of the devolved
functions/services per EO 138. The LGUs can mobilize their own sources of financing, as indicated
in the Local Government Code of 1991.The region will promote public-private partnerships and
other financing schemes.

Managing for Development Results

As part of public expenditure management, the whole-of-government Managing for Development
Results (MfDR) framework is adopted. This management strategy focuses on development
performance and improvements of country outcomes. It seeks to continually enhance the results-
orientation of the government in all stages of the planning, budgeting, implementation, and
monitoring and evaluation processes, and integrate existing results-based management tools
(Figure 17.3).
 Public Sector
Management

Notes: SEA – Socioeconomic Agenda; PDP/RDP – Philippine Development Plan/Regional Development Plan; RM – Results Matrix; MTEF - Medium-
Term Expenditure Framework; PIP/RDIP – Philippine Investment Program/Regional Development Investment Program; OPIF - Organizational
Performance Indicator Framework; GAA-NEP – General Appropriations Act – National Expenditure Program; ICC – Investment Coordination
Committee; ODA – Official Development Assistance; BPAR - Budget Performance Assessment Report; OPES - Office Performance Evaluation System;
COA – Commission on Audit; SER/RDR – Socioeconomic Report/Regional Development Report; SDG – Sustainable Development Goal

Results monitoring
The plan monitoring and evaluation focuses on the results or outcome levels as contained in the
Results Matrices (RMs) of the various chapters of the RDP. The RMs track the progress of plan
implementation, which consists of indicators for evaluating results corresponding to the strategies,
programs, and projects. The RMs also monitor the progress of the region’s contribution to the
attainment of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, and Nationally Determined
Contributions, Policies, and Measures. Likewise, the RMs facilitate the operationalization of the
MfDR and serve as a tool for measuring results in all stages of the PSM.
Regional Project Monitoring and Evaluation System and the
Innovative Platform for Programs, Projects, and Activities’
Location Assessment, Monitoring Investment Programming,
and Budgeting for Development Planning and Governance
(IPA-LAMDAG)
In accordance with EO 376 (s. 1989), as amended by EO 93 (s. 1993), and MC 175 (s. 1989), the
monitoring of programs and projects included in the RDP and RDIP will be undertaken through
the Regional Project Monitoring and Evaluation System (RPMES). The system assesses the
physical outputs, financial accomplishments of programs/projects, and the employment generated
on a quarterly basis to ascertain their contributions to inclusive growth.

The RDC-X is currently using the Innovative Platform for Programs, Projects, and Activities’
Location Assessment, Monitoring Investment Programming, and Budgeting for Development
Planning and Governance (IPA-LAMDAG) system. It is a web-based and geospatial technology
platform for the RPMES developed by NEDA-X. The IPA-LAMDAG system aims to enhance plan
formulation and tighten its linkage to investment programming, budgeting, and project
monitoring through the assessment of project implementation, integrating a spatial dimension.
This automation reduces processing time of generating RPMES reports and improves accuracy of
reports, thus achieving efficiency.

Annual Regional Development Report

An annual Regional Development Report (RDR) monitors and evaluates the achievements, gaps,
and challenges in realizing the objectives and targets indicated in the RDP. It also assesses the RMs
and the extent to which the policies, strategies, programs, and projects have been implemented
during the plan period.

Regional Development Policy Research Agenda

(RDPRA)
The Regional Development Policy Research Agenda (RDPRA) supports the RDP and guides
research undertakings in the context of regional thrusts and priorities. It allows for evidence-based
decision-making, particularly in the crafting of policies, strategies, and other development
interventions. The academe and various research consortia in the region play an active role in
setting research agenda priorities, as well as in conducting, funding, and utilizing research results
and outputs through various development processes.

Plan Advocacy and Communication Program

The effective implementation of the RDP calls for the advocacy of the plan to all concerned:

a. Members of the House of Congress to provide resources for programs and projects through
legislation and congressional funds; and enact laws supporting the priority legislative
agenda in the plan;
b. LGUs to translate the RDP into implementable provincial, city, and municipal
comprehensive development plans and the three–year Executive-Legislative Agenda and
investment programs;
c. Line agencies to implement the programs and projects;
d. Business sector, NGOs, CSOs, academe, and community-based organizations, and other
stakeholders to perform their respective roles in nation-building, such as provision of
socioeconomic interventions, investment and job generation, community preparation and
mobilization, and knowledge co-creation for evidence-based decision making; and
e. The people who will ultimately benefit from the implementation of the RDP in terms of
improved welfare.

Advocacy materials on the RDP will be developed and disseminated through various means of
communication. The strategies will include communicating the key messages of AmBisyon Natin
2040, Regional Physical Framework Plan 2013-2040, and other regional or sectoral plans related
to the RDP.

The Regional Communications and Advocacy Committee (ComAd), a special committee under
the RDC-X, will formulate the Northern Mindanao Regional Development Strategic
Communication Plan 2023-2028, which contains communication strategies for regional
development priorities. The Philippine Information Agency Region X (PIA-X), as Chair of the
ComAd, will prepare advocacy materials in layman’s term. This will enable a critical mass of
citizens to understand the RDP and effectively communicate their roles, thereby enlisting their
support and participation in plan implementation and monitoring.

390
Includes major and catalytic PAPs, and the Convergence Areas for Peace and Development (CAPDev) Program.
ANNEXES
Annex A

PER ANNUAL AVERAGE

TOTAL POPULATION
REGION/ CENT GROWTH RATE (%)
PROVINCE/ SHARE
HUC (%) 2000- 2010- 2015-
2000 2010 2015 2020
2020 2010 2015 2020

Philippines 76,506,928 92,337,852 100,981,437 109,035,343 - 1.90 1.72 1.63

Mindanao 18,133,864 21,968,174 20,505,992 26,252,442 - 1.89 1.79 1.80

Region X 3,505,708 4,297,323 4,689,302 5,022,768 100.0 2.06 1.68 1.46

Bukidnon 1,060,415 1,299,192 1,415,226 1,541,308 30.69 2.05 1.64 1.81

Camiguin 74,232 83,807 88,478 92,808 1.85 1.22 1.04 1.01

Lanao del Norte 473,062 607,917 676,395 722,902 14.39 2.54 2.05 1.41

Iligan 285,061 322,821 342,618 363,115 7.23 1.25 1.14 1.23

Misamis Occidental 486,723 567,642 602,126 617,333 12.29 1.55 1.13 0.53

Misamis Oriental 664,338 813,856 888,509 956,900 19.05 2.05 1.68 1.57

Cagayan de Oro 461,877 602,088 675,950 728,402 14.50 2.69 2.23 1.58

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Region X

Annex B

CLASSIFICATION CITY/MUNICIPALITY

Regional Center (>600k population) Cagayan de Oro City

Sub-regional Center (300k-600k) Iligan City

Growth Large Cities (120k-300k) Valencia City Ozamiz City

Malaybalay City Gingoog City

Growth Centers: Small to Medium Cities Oroquieta City El Salvador City

(50k-120k) Tangub City

Growth Centers: Municipalities with Bukidnon (10)

50k-120k Don Carlos Maramag
Impasug-Ong Pangantucan
Kitaotao Quezon
Lantapan San Fernando
Manolo Fortich Talakag

Lanao del Norte (5)

Baloi Lala
Kapatagan Tubod (Capital)
Sultan Naga Dimaporo (Karomatan)

Misamis Oriental (5)

Balingasag Opol
Claveria Tagoloan
Jasaan

Emerging Growth Centers (35k-50k) Bukidnon (6)

Baungon Kibawe
Damulog Libona
Kalilangan Cabanglasan

Camiguin (1) Misamis Oriental (3)

Mambajao (Capital) Magsaysay (Linugos)
Medina
Lanao del Norte (1) Villanueva
Munai

Misamis Occidental (2)

Clarin
Plaridel

Urbanizing Centers (26k-35k) Bukidnon (4)

Dangcagan Malitbog
Kadingilan Sumilao

Lanao del Norte (5)

 CLASSIFICATION CITY/MUNICIPALITY

Kolambugan Salvador
Pantao Ragat Pantar
Poona Piagapo

Misamis Occidental (4)

Aloran Jimenez
Bonifacio Tudela

Misamis Oriental (5)

Alubijid Laguindingan
Initao Manticao
Salay

Small-Medium Towns (<26k) Camiguin (4)

Catarman Mahinog
Sagay Guinsiliban

Lanao del Norte (11)

Bacolod Matungao
Baroy Nunungan
Kauswagan Sapad
Linamon Tagoloan
Magsaysay Tangcal
Maigo

Misamis Occidental (8)

Baliangao Panaon
Calamba Sapang Dalaga
Concepcion Sinacaban
Lopez Jaena
Don Victoriano Chiongbian

Misamis Oriental (10)

Balingoan Lugait
Binuangan Naawan
Gitagum Sugbongcogon
Kinoguitan Talisayan
Lagonglong Libertad
*The hierarchy of settlements is subject to updating to consider other parameters.
Annex C

REGION/ PROJECTED POPULATION

PROVINCE/
HUC 2024 2025 2026* 2027* 2028*

Region X 5,228,550 5,273,604 5,505,397 5,589,427 5,675,425

Bukidnon 1,571,271 1,584,246 1,726,123 1,758,588 1,791,904

Camiguin 94,947 95,475 98,777 99,785 100,805

Lanao del Norte 784,072 794,149 791,645 803,774 816,236

Iligan City 360,723 361,255 391,559 396,375 401,263

Misamis Occidental 643,001 646,312 639,252 643,045 646,912

Misamis Oriental 993,258 1,001,587 1,055,441 1,072,542 1,090,031

Cagayan de Oro City 781,279 790,580 802,600 815,318 828,274

*Based on Population Projections from the 2020 CPH that are for validation by the Technical Working Group of the
Regional Statistics Committee and approval of the RDC-X. The projections for 2024 and 2025 are based on 2015 CPH and
were already approved by the PSA Central Office.
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Region X

Annex D

LAND AREA (In Hectares)

PROVINCE
A&D % Share Forestland % Share Total % Share
Region X 935,297.39 100.00 1,083,319.27 100.00 2,018,616.66 100.00
Bukidnon 380,332.75 40.66 669,526.25 61.80 1,049,859.00 52.01
Camiguin 23,723.00 2.54 5,464.00 0.50 29,187.00 1.45
Lanao del Norte 187,736.66 20.07 194,742.00 17.98 382,478.66 18.95
Misamis Occidental 106,533.71 11.39 98,988.29 9.14 205,522.00 10.18
Misamis Oriental 236,971.27 25.34 114,598.73 10.58 351,570.00 17.42
*Land Classification data as of 2022 is still for validation by the DENR-X.
Source: Regional Social and Economic Trends 2022 of the Philippine Statistics Authority Region X
Annex E

Percentage Share per Province

SAFDZs Lanao del Misamis Misamis
Bukidnon Camiguin Region X
Norte Occidental Oriental
Current SAFDZs
Strategic Crop 53.29 0.92 18.42 14.11 13.26 100
Sub-Development
Zone
Strategic 41.33 0.87 11.87 8.55 37.38 100
Livestock Sub-
Development
Zone
Strategic Fishery 15.97 0.08 50.48 23.26 10.22 100
Sub-Development
Zone
Future SAFDZs
Remaining 54.25 1.74 9.49 10.82 23.70 100
NPAAAD
Non-SAFDZs
Agro-Forestry 57.33 1.53 13.63 7.98 19.53 100
Zone
Forest/Watershed 53.93 1.62 13.63 9.34 21.48 100
areas (critical
watersheds
including
mangroves)
Built-up areas 39.76 1.89 15.60 10.65 32.10 100
(urban land,
airport, roads and
bridges)
Water bodies 52.31 0.75 18.31 6.83 21.80 100
(Rivers, Municipal
Waters)
Quarry, mine pit, 30.71 0.60 22.19 1.02 45.49 100
barren land, rock
land, river wash,
beach sand, sand
dunes, landfill
Source: National Mapping and Resource Information Agency and Bureau of Soils and Water Management,
Year: 2022
Annex F

Percentage Share per Province

NPAAAD Lanao del Misamis Misamis
Bukidnon Camiguin Region X
Norte Occidental Oriental
All irrigated lands/areas 97.83 0.04 1.55 0.46 0.11 100

All irrigable lands already - - - - - -

covered by irrigation
projects with firm
funding commitments
All alluvial plain lands 70.34 0.78 5.74 8.66 14.48 100
highly suitable for
agriculture, not irrigated
Agro-industrial croplands 30.09 1.78 24.74 22.83 20.56 100
or lands presently
planted to industrial
crops that support the
viability of existing
agricultural
infrastructure and agro-
based enterprises
Highlands or areas 80.44 0.05 8.02 2.58 8.92 100
located at an elevation of
five hundred (500)
meters or above highly
suitable for growing
semi-temperate and high
value crops
All fishery areas as 15.97 0.08 50.48 23.26 10.22 100
defined pursuant to
Fisheries Code of 1998
All agricultural lands that 56.14 1.48 13.50 8.02 20.85 100
are ecologically fragile,
the conversion of which
will result in serious
environmental
degradation that will
affect mangrove areas
and fish sanctuaries
Source: National Mapping and Resource Information Agency and Bureau of Soils and Water Management
Year: 2022
Annex G

Annex H
Annex I

Annex J
Annex K

Annex L
Annex M

Annex N
Annex O
Annex P
Annex Q

Misamis Ecozones

Cagayan de Oro
Metropolitan Area

AGILA Aerotropolis
Development Zone

ligan Industrial Core

Lanao del Norte

Development Cluster

Annex R

LEGEND:
Provincial Boundaries
Municipal Boundaries
Strategic Roads
Inter Regional Linkages
Inter Island Linkages
Core Industrial Center
Key Growth Center (KGC)
Annex S

LEGEND:
Provincial Boundaries
Municipal Boundaries
Strategic Roads
Inter Regional Linkages
Inter Island Linkages
Emerging Growth Center
Key Growth Center (KGC)

Annex T

LEGEND:
Provincial Boundaries
Municipal Boundaries
Strategic Roads
Inter Regional Linkages

Key Growth Center (KGC)

Annex U

HIGHER EDUCATION
COE COD DATE OF RECOGNITION/ AWARDING
INSTITUTION
Bukidnon State English Jan. 1, 2016-Dec. 31, 2018 (extended
University per CMO No. 3 series 2019)
Teacher Education Apr. 1, 2016-Dec. 31, 2018 (extended
per CMO No. 3 series 2019)
Cagayan de Oro College Criminology Jan. 1, 2016-Dec. 31, 2018 (extended
per CMO No. 3 series 2019)
Capitol University Teacher Education Apr. 1, 2016-Dec. 31, 2018 (extended
per CMO No. 3 series 2019)
Central Mindanao Agriculture Environmental Science Jan. 1, 2016-Dec. 31, 2018 (extended
University Biology Mathematics per CMO No. 3 series 2019)
Forestry
Veterinary Medicine
Teacher Education Apr. 1, 2016-Dec. 31, 2018 (extended
per CMO No. 3 series 2019)
Liceo de Cagayan Radiologic Technology Jan. 1, 2016-Dec. 31, 2018 (extended
University Information Technology per CMO No. 3 series 2019)
Mindanao State Biology Ceramic Engineering Jan. 1, 2016-Dec. 31, 2018 (extended
University-Iligan Institute Chemical Engineering per CMO No. 3 series 2019)
of Technology Chemistry Filipino
Mathematics History
Physics Information Technology
Marine Science
Metallurgical Engineering

Statistics
Sociology
Electronics Engineering Civil Engineering Apr. 1, 2016-Dec. 31, 2018 (extended
per CMO No. 3 series 2019)
Mechanical Engineering Electrical Engineering

Teacher Education
Mindanao State Fisheries Marine Science Jan. 1, 2016-Dec. 31, 2018 (extended
University-Naawan per CMO No. 3 series 2019)
Misamis University Criminology Jan. 1, 2016-Dec. 31, 2018 (extended
per CMO No. 3 series 2019)
Information Technology
Teacher Education Apr. 1, 2016-Dec. 31, 2018 (extended
per CMO No. 3 series 2019)
 HIGHER EDUCATION
COE COD DATE OF RECOGNITION/ AWARDING
INSTITUTION
University of Science and Information Technology Mathematics Jan. 1, 2016-Dec. 31, 2018 (extended
Technology in Southern per CMO No. 3 series 2019)
Philippines (USTP-CDO)

Electrical Engineering Apr. 1, 2016-Dec. 31, 2018 (extended

per CMO No. 3 series 2019)

Xavier University Agriculture Biology Jan. 1, 2016-Dec. 31, 2018 (extended

per CMO No. 3 series 2019)
Chemical Engineering
Literature
Teacher Education Civil Engineering Apr. 1, 2016-Dec. 31, 2018 (extended
Electrical Engineering per CMO No. 3 series 2019)
Electronics Engineering
Mechanical Engineering
University of Science and Agriculture Jan. 1, 2016-Dec. 31, 2018 (extended
Technology of Southern per CMO No. 3 series 2019)
Philippines (USTP-
Claveria)
Source: Commission on Higher Education Region X
Annex V

Average
Country/Region/Province/City 2019 2020 2021 2022
(2021-2022)
Philippines 1.45 2.93 4.46 6.08 5.27
Region X 1.62 0.56 5.42 6.44 5.93
Bukidnon 1.78 0.35 4.80 5.99 5.40
Camiguin 1.70 0.43 5.62 8.07 6.85
Lanao del Norte 0.23 0.46 5.35 3.79 4.57
Misamis Occidental 1.37 0.58 6.47 6.49 6.48
Misamis Oriental 2.59 0.64 5.58 6.96 6.27
City of Iligan 1.02 0.87 4.87 9.03 6.95
City of Cagayan de Oro City 1.83 0.67 5.63 7.00 6.32
Source of data: Philippines Statistics Authority Regional Office
Annex W

R&D CENTER/TBI/
NAME LOCATION
CONSORTIA
Niche Research and Sea Cucumber R&D Center Mindanao State University (MSU)-Naawan, Misamis
Development Centers Oriental

Sustainable Polymers R&D Center MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), Iligan

City

Bamboo R&D Center Central Mindanao University (CMU), Musuan,

Maramag, Bukidnon
Food Innovation Centers Food Research and Development Cente Central Mindanao University

Northern Mindanao Food Innovation Center University of Science and Technology- Cagayan de
Oro City (USTP-CDO)

Northern Mindanao State College of Science and Northwestern Mindanao State College of Science
Technology Food Innovation Center and Technology, Tangub City, Misamis Occidental
Metals and Engineering Northern Mindanao Metals and Engineering USTP and MSU-IIT
Innovation Center Innovation Center (NorMMEIC) and FabLab Mindanao
Technology Business CDO Bites, iDEYA , CMU Agri-Aqua TBI / Musuan PEAK USTP-CDO, MSU-IIT, CMU
Incubators
Other R&D Centers Sustainable Resource Engineering Research for MSU-IIT
Construction Technologies (SuRER CT) Center

Alternative Staples for Health (AltS4H) R&D Center USTP-Claveria Campus

Center for Waste to Energy: Recycling for Power and Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan
Heat (WERPAH)
Research Consortia Northern Mindanao Consortium for Health Research Department of Health-Region X Office (DOH-X),
and Development (NorMinCoHRD) Cagayan de Oro City

Northern Mindanao Consortium for Agriculture, CMU, Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon

Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and
Development (NOMCAARRD)

NorMin Consortium for Industry, Energy & Emerging DOST-X, Cagayan de Oro City
Technologies R&D (NorMinCIEERD)

Northern Mindanao Regional Research Development DA-X, Cagayan de Oro City

and Extension Network (NorMiRRDEN)
Annex X
AVERAGE
CAUSE OF DEATH 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
2015-2019
Land transport accidents 10,012 11,274 11,360 12,487 12,764 8,000 11,579
Water Transport accidents 11 13 26 14 8 2 14
Air and space transport
4 4 2 13 3 - 5
accidents
Other and unspecified
6 1 11 22 24 15 13
transport accidents
Total transport accidents 10,033 11,292 11,399 12,536 12,799 8,017 11,612
Total registered deaths 560,605 582,183 579,237 590,709 620,414 575,875 586,630
% SHARE* 1.79 1.94 1.97 2.12 2.06 1.39 1.98
* Refers to percent share of transport-related deaths to total registered deaths.
Note: 2020 figures are preliminary and may change; updates as of 26 February 2021.
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA)(Data on deaths are those registered at the Office of the City/Municipal Registrars
throughout the country and submitted to the Office of the Civil Registrar General using Certificate of Death-Municipal
Form 103)

Annex Y

ROAD CRASHES FATALITIES

YEAR GROWTH RATE (%)
(PHILIPPINES)
2013 8,761 -
2014 8,666 -1.08
2015 10,012 15.53
2016 11,274 12.60
2017 11,360 0.76
2018 12,487 9.92
Average Annual Growth Rate (2013-2018) 7.55
Source of basic data: Philippine Statistics Authority

Annex Z

SURFACE TYPE TOTAL % SHARE

PAVED Concrete 1403.30 70.97
Asphalt 520.32 26.31
UNPAVED Gravel 45.77 2.31
Earth 8.14 0.41
TOTAL 1,977.53 100.00
Source: Department of Public Works and Highways-Region X (DPWH-X)
Annex AA

BRIDGE CONDITION NUMBER % SHARE

Good 268 63.36
Fair 142 33.57
Poor 8 1.89
Bad 5 1.18
Total 423 100.00
Source: DPWH-X

Annex AB

CONNECTING REGION ROAD PROJECTS STATUS

Region XI 1. Bukidnon-Davao Road Completed

2. Bukidnon-Compostela Road, Brgy. Namnam, San Fernando, Ongoing

Bukidnon-Laak Compostela Valley
Region XII 1. Puntian-Arakan Road Ongoing
2. Kibawe-Arakan Road Ongoing
3. Junction Wao-Banisilan Road –Junction Kalilangan- Completed
Lampanusan Bypass Road (completed)
4. Doroluman-Arakan-President Roxas-Kadingilan Road Ongoing
Region XIII 1. Bukidnon-Misamis Oriental-Agusan del Norte Road (Impasug- Ongoing
ong Boundary-Bukidnon (Siloo) Misamis Oriental (Eureka)
2. East-West Lateral Road connecting Agusan del Sur to Ongoing
Bukidnon, Agusan-Malaybalay Road, Agusan del Sur and its
component as follows:
a. East-West Lateral Road connecting Agusan del
Sur/Agusan del Norte to Bukidnon, Damay-Kalabugao-
Adtolawan Road
b. East-West Lateral Road connecting Agusan del
Sur/Agusan del Norte to Bukidnon, Cabanglasan,
Bukidnon Boundary, Brgy. Makilos Road
c. Junction Sayre Highway (Aglayan)-Zamboangita Road
Source: DPWH-X
Annex AC

PORT MANAGEMENT OFFICES

INDICATOR % Change
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
(2019 vs 2020)
SHIPCALLS 49,539 51,874 51,294 28,454 33,025 -44.53
Domestic 49,099 51,403 50,833 27,983 32,486 -44.95
Foreign 440 471 461 471 539 2.17
CARGO (MTs) 13,527,934 15,294,854 15,166,197 14,584,807 14,542,287 -3.83
Domestic 9,773,513 10,607,540 9,990,110 8,936,314 8,585,608 -10.55
Inbound 4,635,875 5,345,978 4,770,821 4,132,360 4,130,988 -13.38
Outbound 5,137,638 5,261,562 5,219,290 4,803,954 4,454,620 -7.96
Foreign 3,754,421 4,687,314 5,176,086 5,648,493 5,956,679 9.13
Import 3,304,312 4,175,929 4,758,236 5,311,106 5,572,105 11.62
Export 450,109 511,385 417,850 337,387 384,574 -19.26
PASSENGER 9,766,600 9,585,444 9,358,123 2,346,841 1,767,113 -74.92
Disembarked 4,973,032 4,922,488 4,617,822 1,180,661 896,916 -74.43
Embarked 4,793,467 4,662,800 4,740,301 1,166,180 870,197 -75.40
CONTAINER (TEUs) 320,268 343,065 336,124 302,799 311,273 -9.91
Domestic 319,819 342,270 336,108 302,799 311,273 -9.91
Foreign 449 795 16 0 0 -100.00
Source of basic data: Philippine Ports Authority

Annex AD

% CHANGE
INDICATOR 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
(2020-2021)
INCOMING
Flights 9,750 11,105 11,752 4,142 4,139 -0.07
Passengers 1,049,997 1,239,566 1,370,317 348,371 352,613 1.22
Cargoes (kgs) 14,184,761 16,422,770 16,308,403 7,910,448 8,535,674 7.90
OUTGOING
Flights 9,750 11,105 11,752 4,142 4,139 -0.07
Passengers 1,101,710 1,259,971 1,402,938 327,905 344,767 5.14
Cargoes (kgs) 8,782,962 15,048,521 16,704,170 10,165,513 6,918,961 -31.94
TOTAL
Flights 19,500 22,210 23,504 8,284 8,278 -0.07
Passengers 2,151,707 2,499,537 2,773,255 676,276 697,380 3.12
Cargoes (kgs) 22,967,723 31,471,291 33,012,573 18,075,961 15,454,635 -14.50
Source of basic data: Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines-Area X
Annex AE

INSTALLED DEPENDABLE
POWER PLANT PLANT TYPE
CAPACITY (MW) CAPACITY (MW)
GRID-CONNECTED
FDC Misamis (U1-U3) 405.00 369.00 Coal
Mindanao Coal (U1-U2) 232.00 210.00 Coal
GNPower Kauswagan (U1-U4) 600.00 552.00 Coal
MPC Iligan - DPP 114.40 103.00 Diesel
Agus 4 HEP 158.10 150.00 Hydro
Agus 5 HEP 55.30 52.00 Hydro
Agus 6 HEP 200.00 171.00 Hydro
Agus 7 HEP 54.00 50.00 Hydro
Pulangui 4 HEP 255.00 225.00 Hydro
Manolo Fortich (U1-U2) 73.30 73.30 Hydro
Kibawe Solar 10.50 8.40 Solar
Sub-Total (Grid-Connected) 2157.60 1963.70
EMBEDDED
MPC Balingasag (U1-U3) 165.00 150.00 Coal
Powersource Philippines Energy Inc. (PSPE) 25.00 20.00 Coal
BPC Diesel Power Plant 7.30 6.40 Diesel
KEGI-Bukidnon 3.20 3.00 Diesel
KEGI-Camiguin 4.10 4.00 Diesel
KEGI-Jimenez 7.80 7.50 Diesel
KEGI-Maramag 7.80 7.50 Diesel
KEGI-Misamis Oriental 10.60 10.00 Diesel
KEGI-Panaon 15.70 15.00 Diesel
Mapalad Energy Generation Corp. (MEGC) 15.00 12.80 Diesel
Mindanao Energy System 1 18.90 18.00 Diesel
Mindanao Energy System 2 27.40 26.00 Diesel
North Bukidnon Power Corporation (NBPC-DPP) 6.20 5.00 Diesel
PACERM-1 Energy Corporation 10.50 10.50 Diesel
Peak Power Bukidnon. Inc. (PBI) 10.40 10.40 Diesel
Philippine Sinter Corporation (PSC) 37.10 18.40 Diesel
Bubunawan Power Company, Inc. 6.60 6.50 Hydro
Cabulig Hydro Electric Plant 9.20 8.50 Hydro
FG Bukidnon Power Corporation (Agusan) 1.60 1.60 Hydro
Gerphil Renewable Energy, Inc. (PANOON) 0.20 0.20 Hydro
Crystal Sugar 35.90 0.00 Biomass
CEPALCO 1.00 0.80 Solar
Kirahon Solar Energy Corp., Inc. 12.50 10.00 Solar
Sub-Total (Embedded) 439.00 352.10
TOTAL (Grid-Connected + Embedded) 2,596.60 2,315.80
Source: Department of Energy-Mindanao Field Office (DOE-MFO)
Annex AF

INSTALLED DEPENDABLE
PLANT TYPE % SHARE % SHARE
(MW) (MW)
Coal 1,427.00 54.47 1,301.00 55.96
Oil-based 300.80 11.48 260.50 11.21
Natural Gas - 0.00 - 0.00
Geothermal - 0.00 - 0.00
Hydro 832.00 31.76 744.10 32.01
Biomass 35.90 1.37 - 0.00
Solar 24.00 0.92 19.20 0.83
Wind - - - -
Battery energy storage systems
- - - -
(BESS)
TOTAL 2,619.70 - 2,324.80 -
Source: DOE-MFO

Annex AG

PROVINCE/HUC DU/ECS 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Camiguin CAMELCO 15.67 15.42 15.58 14.82 14.96 15.73
Bukidnon FIBECO 9.66 11.27 11.93 12.55 12.73 16.52
BUSECO 10.40 10.29 9.34 9.37 10.29 12.48
Lanao del Norte LANECO 12.95 13.53 12.15 12.22 12.72 16.29
Misamis Occidental MOELCI I 10.45 10.72 9.73 9.96 10.57 15.86
MOELCI II 11.42 10.76 10.42 9.66 12.13 15.17
Misamis Oriental MORESCO I 9.82 9.18 8.54 9.10 10.75 13.76
MORESCO II 12.25 13.20 13.02 12.59 12.88 15.90
Cagayan de Oro City CEPALCO 9.74 12.31 11.47 11.68 11.88 14.74
Iligan City ILPI 8.02 7.94 9.24 9.54 9.60 10.24
Average 11.04 11.46 11.14 11.15 11.85 14.67
Source: Energy Regulation Commission (ERC) and Distribution Utilities (DUs)
Annex AH

PROVINCE/HUC DU/ECS 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Camiguin CAMELCO 6.19 6.31 6.50 6.07 6.38 7.64
Bukidnon FIBECO 4.63 5.71 6.27 7.00 7.16 10.07
BUSECO 5.62 5.30 5.91 6.16 6.73 9.21
Lanao del Norte LANECO 6.25 6.5 6.03 5.95 6.41 9.29
Misamis Occidental MOELCI I 5.72 5.42 5.23 5.77 6.34 8.97
MOELCI II 7.19 7.17 7.05 6.47 7.62 9.95
Misamis Oriental MORESCO I 5.89 5.02 4.75 5.07 5.71 8.94
MORESCO II 6.89 7.3 7.45 7.24 7.35 9.74
Cagayan de Oro CEPALCO 5.21 7.14 6.74 6.99 7.00 9.54
Iligan ILPI* 4.89 4.78 5.99 6.15 6.36 6.97
Average 5.85 6.07 6.19 6.29 6.71 9.03
Source: ERC and DUs

Annex AI

PROVINCE/HUC DU/EC 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Camiguin CAMELCO 14.55 13.39 15.02 13.27 12.99
Bukidnon FIBECO 12.64 9.39 10.54 13.67 13.24
BUSECO 8.07 8.71 8.43 9.51 9.26
Lanao del Norte LANECO 17.12 9.44 12.51 12.21 9.00
Misamis Occidental MOELCI I 11.13 11.53 12.15 12.65 12.95
MOELCI II 10.56 9.69 9.45 10.11 9.92
Misamis Oriental MORESCO I 2.67 3.35 2.70 4.79 3.87
MORESCO II 12.49 11.38 11.88 9.81 9.22
Cagayan de Oro City CEPALCO 5.76 5.60 5.30 5.14 4.25
Iligan City ILPI 6.04 4.08 3.65 4.34 4.11
Source: National Electrification Administration and DUs

Annex AJ

PROJECT/STATUS NUMBER OF PROJECTS AMOUNT (PhP '000)

Flood Control Projects 79 12,784,480
Completed 63 12,003,615
Ongoing 16 780,865
Drainage Projects 18 409,657
Completed 12 220,753
Ongoing 6 188,904
TOTAL 97 13,194,137
Source: Innovative Platform for PPA's Location Assessment, Monitoring, Investment Programming, and Budgeting for
Development Planning and Governance System
List of Abbreviations
4IR Fourth Industrial Revolution ARB Agrarian reform beneficiary
4PH Program Pambansang Pabahay Para sa ARTA Anti-Red Tape Authority
Pilipino Program ARTA RCS ARTA Report Card Survey
4Ps Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino ASC Apparent Steel Consumption
Program ASEAN Association of South East
AAGR Annual Average Growth Asian Nations
Rate ASF African Swine fever
ABEMIS Agricultural and Bio systems ATI Agriculture Training Institute
Engineering Management AutoLPG Auto Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Information System AWESOME- Accessing the Worldwide
ACEF Agricultural Competitiveness MIZ Ecosystem through
Enhancement Fund Sustainable Opportunities,
ACG Anti-Cybercrime Group Mainstreaming e-solutions, and
ACPC Agricultural Credit Policy materials integration with Zeal
Council for advancement
ADAC Anti-Drug Abuse Councils AWIT-FE Agriculture, Waste, IPPU,
ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution Transport, FOLU and Energy
ADSDPPs Ancestral Domains Sustainable AICS Assistance to Individuals in
Development and Protection Crisis Situation
Plans AY Academic Year
AFF Agriculture, Fishery, and AYRH Adolescent and Youth
Forestry Reproductive Health
AFMA Agriculture and Fisheries BAI Bureau of Animal Industry
Modernization Act BBB Build, Build, Build
AFP Armed Forces of the BBM Build Better More
Philippines BCDA Bases Conversion And
AICS Assistance to Individuals in Development Authority
Crisis Situation BCIR Butuan-Cagayan De Oro-Iligan
AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Road
Syndrome BDUFA Barangay Digkilaan Upland
AIP Annual Investment Program Farmers Association
ALPAS Ahon Lahat, Pagkaing Sapat BEFF Basic Educational Facilities
ALS Alternative Learning System Funds
AltS4H Alternative Staples for Health BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and
AMCR Average Monthly Crime Rates Aquatic Resources
AMIA Adaptation and Mitigation BFP Bureau of Fire Protection
Initiative in Agriculture
BHS Barangay Health Station
AQI Air Quality Index
BHU Barangay Health Unit CBMS Community-Based Monitoring
BHW Barangay Health Worker System
BIMP- Brunei Darussalam- CC Contestable Customer
EAGA Indonesia- CCA Climate Change Adaptation
Malaysia-Philippines East CCB CSC’s Contact Centre ng Bayan
Growth Area CCC Climate Change Commission
BIR Bureau of Internal Revenue CCLOA Collective Certificate of Land
BJMP Bureau of Jail Management and Ownership Awards
Penology CDA Cooperative Development
BLGF Bureau of Local Government Authority
Finance CDO Cease and Desist Order
BNS Barangay Nutrition Scholar CDP Comprehensive Development
BOC Bureau of Customs Plan
BOD Bio-oxygen Demand CDW Child Development Worker
BOI Board of Investments CENRO City Environment and
BPI Bureau of Plant Industry Natural Resource Office
BPLS Business Process Licensing CES Career Executive Service
System CFIDP Philippine Coconut Farmers
BRT Bus Rapid Transit And Industry Development
BSP Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas Plan
BuCor Bureau of Corrections CHED Commission on Higher
CAA Conflict-Affected Area Education
CVA Conflict Vulnerable Area CHR Commission on Human Rights
CADT Certificates of Ancestral CICL Children in Conflict with the
Domain Title Law
CAIR Center for Artificial CIDC Creative Industry Development
Intelligence Research Council
CALT Certificates of Ancestral Land CIDG Criminal Investigation and
Titles Detection Group
CAMO Communist-Affected Mass CII Centre for Inclusive Innovation
Organization CIP Communal Irrigation Project
CAPDev Convergence Areas for Peace CIS Communal Irrigation System
and Development CLPEP Child Labor Prevention and
CARP Comprehensive Agrarian Elimination Program
Reform Program CLUP Comprehensive Land Use Plan
CART Committee on Anti-Red Tape CMCI Cities and Municipalities
CBMFA Community-Based Forest Competitive Index
Management Agreement CMTS Cellular Mobile Telephone
Services
CMU Central Mindanao University
CNC Certificates of Non-Coverage DBM Department of Budget and
CO2e Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Management
COA Commission on Audit DCP DepEd Computerization
COD Center of Development Program
COE Center of Excellence DENR Department of Environment
ComAd Communications and Advocacy and Natural Resources
Committee DepEd Department of Education
ComDev Committee on Devolution DFA Department of Foreign Affairs
COMELEC Commission on Elections DGCS Design Guidelines, Criteria, and
COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease-19 Standards
CREATE Corporate Recovery and Tax DHSUD Department of Human
Act Incentives for Enterprises Act Settlements and Urban
CRRP Cultural Recovery and Development
Resiliency Program DICP DepEd Internet Connectivity
CSAC Children in Situations of Project
Armed Conflict DICT Department of Information,
CSC Civil Service Commission Communication and
CSC Community Stewardship Technology
Certificate DiDRR Disability-inclusive DRR
CSE Comprehensive Sexual DILEEP DOLE Integrated Livelihood
Education and Emergency Program
CSE Crime Solution Efficiency DILG Department of the Interior
CSO Civil Society Organization and Local Government
CSPP Conflict-Sensitive and Peace- DLF Development and Livelihood
Promoting Fund
CSWD City Social Welfare and DMW Department of Migrant
Development Workers
CTG Communist Terrorist Group DND Department of National Defense
CTRP Comprehensive Tax Reform DOE Department Of Energy
Program DOF Department of Finance
CY Calendar Year DOH Department of Health
D&AD Design and Art Direction DOH DOH-Center for Health
DA Department of Agriculture CHD-NM Development-Northern
DAO DENR Administrative Order Mindanao
DAO Disability Affairs Office DOJ Department of Justice
DAR Department Of Agrarian DOJ-PPA DOJ-Parole and Probation
Reform Administration
DBCC Development Budget DOLE Department of Labor and
Coordination Committee Employment
DOST Department of Science and ECCD Early Childhood Care
Technology Development
DOST- Department of Science and ECCD-F1K Early Childhood Care and
PAGASA Technology - Philippine Development-First 1000 Days
Atmospheric, Geophysical, E-CLIP Enhanced Community
and Astronomical Services Livelihood Integrated Program
Administration Eco-DRR Ecosystem-based Disaster
DOT Department of Tourism Risk Reduction
LTFRB Land Transportation ECP Energy Consuming Product
Franchising and Regulatory EC Electric Cooperative
Board EEC Energy Efficiency And
DPWH Department of Public Works Conservation
and Highways EF Energy Fund
DRR Disaster Risk Reduction EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
DRR/CCA Disaster Risk Reduction and EICC Energy Investment
Climate Change Adaptation Coordinating Council
DRRM Disaster Risk Reduction and ELCAC Ending Local Communist
Management Armed Conflict
DSWD Department of Social Welfare EMB Environmental Management
and Development Bureau
DTI Department of Trade and EMPO Enhanced Managing Police
Industry Operation
DTI- BOI Department Of Trade And EMR Electronic medical record
Industry - Board of Investments ENGP Enhanced National Greening
DTP Devolution Transition Plan Program
DU Distribution Utility EO Executive Order
eACCESS Enhanced Anti- EODB/EGSD Ease of Doing Business
Project Cybercrime Campaign, and Efficient Government
Education, Safety, and Service Delivery
Security Project EOP End-of-Plan
EAS Environmental Assessment ePhilID Electronic PhilSys ID
System EPIRA Electric Power Industry
EbA Ecosystem-based Adaptation Reform Act
EbM Ecosystem-based Mitigation ER Energy Regulation
eBOSS Electronic Business One-Stop ERC Energy Regulatory
Shop Commission
e-BPLS Electronic Business Permits EREID Emerging and Re-
and Licensing System
Emerging Infectious Diseases
ECC Environment Compliance
Certificate
eSRE Electronic Statement of FSFs Functions, Services, and
Receipts and Expenditures Facilities
ESS Energy Storage Systems FSP Fisheries Scholarship Program
ESU Epidemiology and FY Fiscal Year
Surveillance Unit GAA General Appropriations Act
GATSPE Government Assistance to
ESWM Ecological Solid Waste
Students and Teachers in
Management
Private Education
EVOSS Energy Virtual One-Stop
GCTA Good Conduct Time
Shop
Allowances
EV Electric Vehicle
GDP Gross Domestic Product
EWS Early Warning Systems
GEMP Government Energy
F2C2 Farm and Fisheries
Management Program
Clustering and
GEOAGRI Geographic Information System
Consolidation Program
for Agricultural and Fisheries
FCA Farmer/fisher folk
Machinery and Infrastructure
Cooperatives and
GEOP Green Energy Option Program
Associations
GHG Greenhouse Gas Emission
FDP Full Disclosure Policy
GIDA Geographically Isolated and
FIC Food Innovation Center
Disadvantaged Area
FishCoRe Fisheries and Coastal
GK Gawad Kalasag
Resiliency
GMRC Good Manners and Right
FITS Farmers Information and
Conduct
Technology Services
GOCC Government-Owned and
FLGLA Forest Land Grazing
Controlled Corporation
Lease Agreement
GovNet Government Network
FLGMA Forest Land Grazing
GPPB Government Procurement
Management Agreement
Policy Board
FMA Fishery Management Area
GRDP Gross Regional Domestic
FMO Focus Military Operation
Product
FMR Farm to Market Road
GSIS Government Service Insurance
FNRI Food and Nutrition Research
Institute System
FOB Freight of Board GVA Gross Value Added
FOI Freedom of Information GVC Global Value Chain
FOLU Forest and Other Land Use HB House Bill
FP Family Planning HCW Health Care Worker
FPIC Free Prior Informed Consent HDMF Home Development Mutual
FRIMP-CDOR Flood Risk Management Project Fund
for Cagayan De Oro River HEI Higher Education Institution
HEP Household Electrification iGovPhil Integrated Government
Program Philippines
HFEP Health Facilities Enhancement IKSP Indigenous Knowledge,
Program Systems, and Practices
HH Household
HIV Human Immunodeficiency IligaNICE Innovation thru Leveraging
Virus Industry, Government,
HLS Health and Life Sciences Academe Networks and
HRH Human Resource for Health inclusive Community
HUC Highly-Urbanized City Engagements
HVCDP High Value Crops Development IMO Indigenous Microorganisms
Program IMT Industrial, Manufacturing and
HVDC High-Voltage Direct Current Transport
IAC-CSAC Inter-Agency Committee on INREMP Integrated Natural Resources
Children in Situations of and Environmental
Armed Conflict Management Project
IAC-X Investment Assistance IP Indigenous People
Center of Northern IPA-LAMDAG Innovative Platform for PPAs
Mindanao Location Assessment,
IBP Integrated Bar of the Monitoring, Investment
Philippines Programing and Budgeting For
iBPLS Integrated Building Permits and Development Planning And
Licensing System Governance
iBPLS Integrated Business Permits and IPMR Indigenous Peoples Mandatory
Licensing System Representative
ICC Import Commodity Clearance IPOPHL Intellectual Property Office of
ICC Indigenous Cultural the Philippines
Community IPPU Industrial Processes and
ICRM Integrated Coastal Resource Product Use
Management IPs Indigenous Peoples
ICS Incidence Command System IRR Implementing Rules and
ICT Information and Regulations
Communication Technology ISF Informal Settler Families
ICU Intensive Care Unit ISM Integrated Steel Mill
IDP Internally Displaced Person ISO International Organization
IEC Information, Education and Standardization
Communication IT Information Technology
IFMA Integrated Forest Management IT-BPM Information Technology and
Agreement Business Process Management
IUCN International Union for LDNPH Lanao del Norte Provincial
Conservation of Nature Hospital
IWRM Integrated Water Resource LDPC Local Development Plan for
Management Children
IYCF Infant and Young Child Feeding LDRRMC Local Disaster Risk Reduction
JAO Joint Administrative Order and Management Council
JAPIC Joint AFP-PNP Intelligence LDRRMP Local Disaster Risk
Committee Reduction and Management
JICA Japan International Cooperation Plan
Agency LEB Legal Education Board
JMC Joint Memorandum Circular LEDIPO Local Economic Development
JSCC Justice Sector Coordinating and Investment Promotion
Council Office
KAYA Kapital Access for Young LET Licensure Examination for
Agripreneurs Loan Program Teachers
kg Kilogram LGBT Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and
km Kilometer Transgender
km/sq. km. Kilometer/Square Kilometer LGC Local Government Code
KONSULTA Konsultasyong Sulit at Tama LGSF Local Government Support Fund-
kph Kilometer/Hour Support
KTI Knowledge and Technology LGU Local Government Unit
Intensive LIIC Local Investment and Incentive
kW Kilowatts Codes
LAWIN Landscape and Wildlife LIPP Local Investment Promotions
Indicator Plan
LBI Luzon Bypass Infrastructure lm Lineal Meters
LBP Land Bank of the Philippines LMS Last Mile School
LCAC Local Culture and Arts Council LMSP Last Mile School Program
LCCAP Local Climate Change Action LPEs Local Peace Engagements
Plan LPMC Local Project Monitoring
LCPC Local Councils for the Committee
Protection of Children LPOC Local Peace and Order Council
LDC Local Development Council LPTRP Local Public Transport Route
LDIP Local Development Investment Plan
Program LRC Local Revenue Code
LDNGH Lanao del Norte General LRCP Learning Recovery and
Hospital Continuity Plan
LDNICR Lanao del Norte Interior LRT Light Rail Transit
Circumferential Road LSB Local Special Body
LSP Logistics Services Philippines MMS Market Management System
LSWDO Local Social Welfare and MOA Memorandum of Agreement
Development Office MOOE Maintenance and Other
LTF Local Task Force Operating Expense
LTO Land Transportation Office MOPH Misamis Oriental Provincial
LUCs Local Universities and Colleges Hospital
LWUA Local Water Utilities MPA Marine Protected Area
Administration MRF Material Recovery Facility
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MRT Metro Rail Transit
masl Meters Above Sea Level MRV Measurement, Reporting, and
MBFHI Mother-Baby Friendly Hospital Verification
Initiative MSME Micro, Small and Medium
MCH Maternal Child Health Enterprise
MCT Mindanao Container Terminal MSU-IIT Mindanao State University -
MELLPI Pro Monitoring and Evaluation of Iligan Institute of Technology
Local Level Plan mt Metric Tons
Implementation Protocol mtCO2e Metric Ton of Carbon Dioxide
METI Ministry of Economy, Trade, Equivalent
and Industry mth Metric Tons per Hectare
MFAPC Metro Food and Agri-Based MVIP Mindanao-Visayas
Products Cluster Interconnection Project
MGB Mines and Geoscience Bureau mw Megawatt
MHARSMC Mayor Hilarion A. Ramiro Sr. N2O Nitrous Oxide
Medical Center NAO Nutrition Action Officer
mhGAP Mental Health Gap Action NAPAAD Network of Protected Areas for
Program Agriculture and Agro-Industrial
MHPSS Mental Health and Psychosocial Development
Support NAT National Achievement Test
MIADP Mindanao Inclusive Agriculture NBFI Non-bank Financial Institutions
Development Project NBP National Broadband Plan
MICE Meetings, Incentives, NC National Certificate
Conferences, and Exhibitions NCA Natural Capital Accounting
MindSET- Mindanao Start-up NCDA National Council for Disability
Northern Ecosystem Transformation Affairs
Mindanao NCIP National Commission on
MIRAIC Metro Iligan Regional Agro- Indigenous Peoples
Industrial Center NCR National Capital Region
MLIN Mindanao Logistics NDC Nationally Determined
Infrastructure Network Contribution
MMR Maternal Mortality Ratio
NDCIP Nationally Determined NOAH Nationwide Operational
Contribution Implementation Assessment of Hazards
Plan
NEDA National Economic and NOMCAARRD Northern Mindanao
Development Authority Consortium for Agriculture,
NESAP National Ecotourism Strategic Aquatic and Natural Resources
Action Plan Research and Development
NGA National Government Agency NorMinCIEERD NorMin Consortium for
NGCP National Grid Corporation of Industry, Energy & Emerging
the Philippines Technologies R&D
NGO Non-Governmental NorMinCoHRD Northern Mindanao
Organization Consortium for Health Research
NHA National Housing Authority and Development
Region NorMiRRDEN Northern Mindanao Regional
NHFR National Health Facilities Research Development and
Registry Extension Network
NHIP National Health Insurance NorMMEIC Northern Mindanao Metals and
Program Engineering Innovation Center
NHMFC National Housing Mortgage NPA New People's Army
Finance Corporation NRW Non-Revenue Water
NHTS-PR National Household Targeting NSC National Steel Corporation
System for Poverty Reduction NSFI National Strategy for Financial
NIA National Irrigation Inclusion
Administration NSSMP National Sewerage and Septage
NIASD National Innovation and Management Program
Agenda Strategy Document NSWMC National Solid Waste
NIC National Innovation Council Management Commission
NIP National Irrigation Project NTA National Tax Allotment
NIPAS National Integrated Protected NTP National Tuberculosis Program
Areas System NVOC National Vaccination
NIVI NPA-initiated violent incidence Operations Center
NLUB National Land Use Bill NWC Next Wave Cities
NMMC Northern Mindanao Medical NWRB National Water Regulatory
Center Board
NMRGC Northern Mindanao Regional OCD Office of Civil Defense
Government Center ODA Official Development Assistance
NNC National Nutrition Council OFW Overseas Filipino Worker
NNS National Nutrition Survey OHCC One Hospital Command Center
OMOP One Mindanao One Product
OPCAT Optional Protocol
OpCen/ISO Operations Center/Internal PCC Philippine Competition
Security Operations Commission
Oro Chamber Cagayan de Oro Chamber of PCCI Philippine Chamber of
Commerce and Industry Inc. Commerce and Industry
OROBEST Optimizing Regional PCG Philippine Coast Guard
INNOVATION Opportunities for Business PCIC Philippine Crop Insurance
Excellence through Science, PCVE Preventing and Countering
Technology, and Innovation Violent Extremism
OROBEST OROBEST Sustainable PDAO Persons with Disability Affairs
SPEED Program for Export Enterprise Office
Development PDEA Philippine Drug Enforcement
OSAEC Online Sexual Abuse and Agency
Exploitation of Children PDL Persons Deprived of Liberty
OTOP One Town One Product PDM Price Determination
OWWA Overseas Workers Welfare Methodology
Administration PDNA Post-Disaster Needs Assessment
P/LPAN Philippine and Local Plan of PDP Philippine Development Plan
Action for Nutrition PELP Philippine Energy Labelling
PA Philippine Army Program
PA Protected Area PESO Public Employment Service
PAB Pollution Adjudication Board Office
PAFES Province-Led Agriculture and PFA Psychological First Aid
Fisheries Extension Systems PFM Public Financial Management
PAM Policies and Measures PHFDP Philippine Health Facilities
PAMANA Payapa at Masaganang Development Plan
Pamayanan PHIC Philippine Health Insurance
PAMB Protected Area Management Corporation
Board PhilFIDA Philippine Fiber Development
PAO Public Attorney's Office Authority
PAP4SCP Philippine Action Plan for PhilGEPS Philippine Government
Sustainable Consumption and Electronic Procurement System
Production PhilHealth Philippine Health Insurance
PAPs Programs and Projects Corporation
PCA Philippine Coconut Authority PhilSys Philippine Identification System
PCARRD Philippine Council for PHO Provincial Health Office
Agriculture and Natural PIA Philippine Information Agency
Resources Research and PIA Phividec Industrial Authority
Development PIDS Philippine Institute for
Development Studies
PIE-MO PHIVIDEC Industrial Estate of PSRTI Philippine Statistical Research
Misamis Oriental and Training Institute
PIT Personal Income Tax PSTO Provincial Science and
PKI Public Key Infrastructure Technology Office
PLCN Pacific Light Cable Network PTTI Passive Telecommunications
PMD Personal Mobility Device Tower Infrastructure
PMNP Philippine Multisectoral PUM Programma Uitzending
Nutrition Project Managers
PNP Philippine National Police PUV Public Utility Vehicle
PO People’s Organization PUVMP Public Utility Vehicle
POEA Philippine Overseas Modernization Program
Employment Administration PWD Persons with Disability
POPCOM Commission on Population and QMS Quality Management System
Development QS Quacquarelli Symonds
PPA Philippine Ports Authority QTP Qualified Third Party
PPE Personal Protective Equipment R&D Research and Development
PPOC Provincial Peace and Order R4DE OneDA Research for
Council Development and Extension
PPO Probation and Parole Officer RA Republic Act
PPP Public-Private Partnership RAF Regional Agricultural and
ppt Percentage Points Fishery Council
PRBRES Professional Regulatory Board RAGPTD Regional Advisory Group on
of Real Estate Service Police Transformation and
PRC Professional Regulation Development
Commission RAPID Rural Agro-enterprise
PRDP Philippine Rural Development Partnership for Inclusive
Project Development
PRIME Program for Research and RCEF Rice Competitiveness
Innovation for MSME Enhancement Fund
Excellence RCH Carbonized Rice Hull
PRIME-HRM Program to Institutionalize RCOA Retail Competition and Open
Meritocracy and Excellence in Access
Human Resource Management RCPC Regional Committee on the
Project Project Convergence on Promotion of Culture
CONVERGE Value Chain Enhancement for RCPC Regional Committee on the
Rural Growth and Promotion of Culture
Empowerment RCSP Retooled Community Support
PSA Philippine Statistics Authority Program
PSCP Public Service Continuity Plan
RCWC Regional Committee on the RPMC Regional Project Monitoring
Welfare of Children Committee
RDC Regional Development Council RPMES Regional Project Monitoring
RDCOM MAC Regional Development and Evaluation System
Committee-Mindanao Area RPMP- Rebolusyunaryong Partido ng
Committee RPA-ABB Manggagawa ng Pilipinas,
RDC Regional Development Council Revolutionary Proletarian
RDIP Regional Development Army, Alex Boncayao Brigade
Investment Program RPVET Regional Project Validation and
RDP Regional Development Plan Evaluation Team
RDPRA Regional Development Policy RPWUD Recovering Persons Who Used
Research Agenda Drug
RE Renewable Energy RRDIC Regional Research Development
REXPRIP Region X Priority Road and Innovation Committee
Infrastructure Project RROW Road Right-Of-Way
RGADC Regional Committee on Gender RSBSA Registry System for Basic
and Development Sectors in Agriculture
RGHSF Resilient and Green Human RSC Regional Statistics Committee
Settlements Framework RSMEDC Regional Micro, Small, and
RHU Rural Health Unit Medium Enterprises
RIA Regulatory Impact Assessment Development Council
RIIC Regional Inclusive Innovation RTIPC Regional Tripartite Industrial
Center Peace Council
RITECC Regional Information RTLA Retail Trade Liberation Act of
Technology and e-Commerce 2000
Committee RWMHEEF Reforestation, Watershed
RLA Regional Line Agency Management, Health And/Or
RNET Regional Nutrition Evaluation Environment Enhancement
Team Fund
ROCBDC Regional Oversight Committee SAAD Special Area for Agricultural
on Barangay Drug Clearing Development
ROLL-IT Road Connectivity for Industry SAFDZ Strategic Agriculture and
and Trade Development Roads Fisheries Development Zone
Leveraging Linkages For SALN Statement of Assets, Liabilities,
Industry And Trade and Net Worth
RORO Roll-On, Roll-Off SAP Social Amelioration Program
ROW Right-of-Way SBCorp Small Business Corporation
RPFP Responsible Parenthood and SBDP Support Fund-Support
Family Planning to Barangay Development
Program
SBP School Building Program SPES Special Program for the
SDA Strategic Development Area Employment of Students
SDG Sustainable Development Goal SPISC Social Pension Program for
SEA Strategic Environment Indigent Senior Citizens
Assessment SPLIT Support to Parcelization of
SEC Securities and Exchange Lands for Individual Titling
Commission SPMS Strategic Performance
SETUP Small Enterprise Technology Management System
Upgrading Program SPPAMC Social Protection Program for
SF6 Sulfur Hexafluoride Adolescent Mothers and their
SFF Small farmers and fisher folk Children
SFM Sustainable Forest Management sq. km. Square Kilometres
SGFH Seal of Good Financial SRA Sugar Regulatory
Housekeeping Administration
SGLG Seal of Good Local Governance SSS Social Security System
SHFC Socialized Housing Finance STI Science, Technology, and
Corporation Innovation
SHIELD Strategic Helpdesks for STRIDE Science, Technology, Research,
Information, Education, and Innovation for
Livelihood, and other Development
Development Interventions SUCs State Universities and Colleges
SHS Senior High School SURE Expanded Survival and
SIFMA Socialized Industrial Forest Recovery
Management Agreement SuRER CT Sustainable Resource
SIM Subscriber Identity Module Engineering Research for
SIPP Strategic Investment Promotion Construction Technologies
Plan SWEEP Solid Waste Education &
SLFs Sanitary Landfills Enforcement Program
SLM Sustainable Land Management SWM Solid Waste Management
SLP-LAG Livelihood Assistance Grants TBI Technology Business Incubator
under the Sustainable Tech4ED Technology for Education,
Livelihood Program Employment, Entrepreneurs,
SMCGP San Miguel Corporation Global and Economic Development
Power Philippines TES Tertiary Education Subsidy
SNP Supervised Neighborhood Play TESDA Technical Education and Skills
SOGIESC Sexual Orientation, Gender Development Authority
Identity and Expression, and TEU Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit
Sex Characteristics TFLA Tree Farm Lease Agreement
SONA State of the Nation Address TIA Traffic Impact Assessment
TIKAS Tatag ng Imprastraktura Para sa USAFs Universal Service Access Funds
Kapayapaan at Seguridad USAID United States Agency for
TIPC Tripartite Industrial Peace International Development
Council VAWC Violence Against Women and
TK-DSP Tutok Kainan-Dietary Children
Supplementation Program VPA Volunteer Probation Assistant
TMT Technology, Media, and W4SP Water Supply, Sanitation, and
Telecommunication Sewerage Sector Plans
TOS Technology Outreach Station WERPAH Waste to Energy: Recycling for
TRAIN Tax Reform for Acceleration Power and Heat
and Inclusion WESM Wholesale Electricity Spot
TRE Tourism Related Enterprises Market
TRIP Tourism Road Infrastructure WFCL Worst Forms of Child Labor
Program WHO World Health Organization
TRP Tree Replacement Project WinS Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene
TUPAD Tulong Panghanapbuhay sa in Schools
Ating Disadvantaged/Displaced WNA Whole of Nation Approach
Workers WtE Waste to Energy
TVET Technical-Vocational Education
and Training
TVIs Tech-Voc Institutions
TVL Technical-Vocational and
Livelihood
UHC Universal Health Care
UHI Urban Heat Island
UN CAT UN Convention against Torture
and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or
Degrading Treatment or
Punishment
UNFCCC United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change
UNHCR United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees
UniFAST Unified Financial Assistance
System for Tertiary Education
UPAC Urban Precision Agriculture
Complex
UPMO Unified Project Management
Office
RDC-X Secretariat
RDC-X Secretariat
National Economic and Development Authority Regional Office X
Office/Division/Staff Assignment/Task
Office of the Regional Director Overall Direction, Guidance,
and Review
RD Mylah Faye Aurora B. Carino, CESO III

ARD Leonila G. Cajarte, EnP

Policy Formulation and Planning Division (PFPD) Focal Division/Overall Consolidation/Review

Richardson T. Cua, EnP Lead for RDC-X Secretariat Support

(Macro and Development Administration Committee
Technical Coordinator) Chapters:
Al’Gemregy B. Cuerquez, EnP  Chapter 1. Overview of the Regional Economy,
Jeffy John Q. Tomarong, EnP Development Context and Trends
Irene Therese L. Dignos, EnP  Chapter 2. Regional Spatial Development
Katherine Grace L. Catipay Framework
Ronald Allan C. Pacana  Chapter 3. Overview of the Regional
Development Plan 2023-2028 Strategy
April Ann D. Tigulo, EnP Framework
Frengely N. Diasana  Chapter 12. Promote Financial Inclusion and
Improve Public Financial Management
 Chapter 14: Ensure Peace and Security and
Enhance Administration of Justice
 Subchapter 14.1. Ensure Peace and
Security
 Subchapter 14.2. Enhance Administration
of Justice
 Chapter 15. Practice Good Governance and
Improve Bureaucratic Efficiency
 Chapter 17. Plan Implementation and
Monitoring and Evaluation
 Inputs to Chapter 16. Accelerate Climate
Action and Strengthen Disaster Resilience
 RDC-X Secretariat
National Economic and Development Authority Regional Office X
Office/Division/Staff Assignment/Task
Development Research Division (DRD) Chapters:
 Chapter 4. Promote Human Capital and Social
Archimedes C. Lazaro, EnP Development
(Social Development Committee Technical  Subchapter 4.1. Boost Health
Coordinator)  Subchapter 4.2. Improve Education and
Life-long Learning
Catherine Marie V. Dela Rita, EnP  Subchapter 4.3. Establish Livable
Kathleen Emilie A. Navarra Communities
Tricia Marie L. Antivo  Chapter 5. Increase Income-Earning Ability
Hannah Mae S. Salugsugan  Chapter 6. Reduce Vulnerabilities and Protect
Louin T. Adayo Purchasing Power
 Inputs to Subchapter 6.1. Ensure Food
Security and Proper Nutrition
 Subchapter 6.2. Strengthen Social
Protection
Project Development, Investment Programming, and Chapters:
Budgeting Division (PDIPBD)  Subchapter 6.1. Ensure Food Security and
Proper Nutrition (lead consolidator)
Engr. Nestor A. Lisondra  Chapter 7. Modernize Agriculture and Agri-
(Economic Development Committee Technical Business
Coordinator)  Chapter 8. Revitalize Industry
Ma. Estrella Luz R. Penaloza, EnP  Chapter 9. Reinvigorate Services
Yvonne R. Evasco, EnP  Chapter 10. Advance Research and
Emelgar Christjohn E. Paasa, IV, EnP Development, Technology, and Innovation
Jasper Iann B. Jacildo, EnP  Chapter 11. Promote Trade and Investments
Ferdinand R. Asinas, Jr.  Chapter 16. Accelerate Climate Action and
Strengthen Disaster Resilience (lead
consolidator)
Project Monitoring and Evaluation Division (PMED) Chapter:
 Chapter 13. Expand and Upgrade
Engr. Rosalyn R. Yparraguirre, EnP Infrastructure
(Infrastructure and Utilities Development Committee (Transportation, ICT, Energy, Water Resources
Technical Coordinator) Facilities, and Social Infrastructure)

Rosann S. Dime, EnP

Engr. Mezlaine Jay S. Pacana, EnP
Rodolfo T. Serrano, EnP
Karma Yasmin B. Ortiz
Rina Joy J. Batalla, EnP
Engr. Ruel John U. Madelo
 RDC-X Secretariat
National Economic and Development Authority Regional Office X
Office/Division/Staff Assignment/Task
Finance and Administrative Division (FAD) Administrative and Logistics Support

CAO Charina R. Magsalay

SAO Leni Grace L. Benolirao

 Financial Services
Rechille A. Abelo
Fritzie Amor F. Leyson
Hazelle Anne T. Akut
Ravenna Kris T. Raut

 General Services
Jocelyn F. Bacolod
Raul C. Galanida
Gilbert R. Tejada

 Personnel Services
Marichu P. Pable
Donna Rose B. Khu
Maria Adelina P. Mahilum
Rebmevon C. Opamin (ICT)
Amerkhan G. Mozar (ICT)
Nikko B. Abejo (ICT)
Northern Mindanao Regional Development Plan 2023-2028
© 2023 by the National Economic and Development Authority – Regional Office X

All rights reserved. Any part of this publication may be used and reproduced, provided
proper acknowledgement is made.

Published by:

NEDA Regional Office X (Northern Mindanao)

NEDA/RDC-X Building, Capistrano-Echem Streets, Cagayan de Oro City
9000, Philippines
www.nro10.neda.gov.ph

[email protected]

(08822) 723436; (08822) 728072; and (088) 8561920