(G4) PROBLEMS in FUNDAMENTALS of POWER PLANT ENGINEERING @Part 5; Gas Turbine Problens 1. PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM A gas turbine working on air standard Brayton cycle has air enter into the ‘compressor at atmospheric condition and 22°C. The pressure ratio is 9 and the maximum temperature in the cycle is 1077°C. Compute for the cycle efficiency per kg of air in percent. A. 44.85% C. 41.65% B, 43.92% D. 46.62% Sloim "38, Solving for W, and W, : +o Gg (2 (223273) (4 T, = 952.66 K Ww, =mC,(t,-t,)’ kd 0“ |(522.6-295)K W, (s0;t} 22 ) = 267.66 ki/kg 4.(A)P Satin for 0, : 1 (8 Q=me,(t,- &) 14-4 kd 1077 +273 (9) ( Gi} tss0- 882806) Tt Al 7, = 720.598 K w,=m6,(t, -t,) < ( ei} -720.598)K = 797.334 kg = 629.402 kJ/kg Scanned wth G camscanner350 Chapter 05 ~ Gas Turbine * semantearbviarmennens eRe rons (y= thus; (Oe, 0.4862 or 46.62 % % 2. PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM: In a gas turbine unit, air enters the combustion chamber at 550 kPa, 227°C and 43 m/s, The products of combustion leave the combustor at 511 kPa, 4004°C and 140 ms. Liquid fuel enters with heating value of 43,000 kJ/kg. For fuel-air ratio of 0.0229, what is the combustor efficiency of the unit in percent ? 1 A 64% C. 79 % B. 92% D. 102% Slot _ Heat Absorbed Combustor Efelency = ied by Fusl where: Heat Supplied by Fuel = m, Q, ,0229 (43,000) 184.70 kd/kg alr Heat Absorbed = C,(ts-4)* $(V8 -¥4) = (1004 - 227)+ if = 785.88 kuJ/kg ait - Scanned wth G camscanner‘& Power Plant Engineering Reviewor by Capote & Mandawe 351 _ecenernten 7 meee ATERIRURERTERUAP ARI EPEAT, w (C)e, = 0.7981 or 79.81 % % ‘3. PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM Air enters the combustion chamber of a gas turbine unit at 550 kPa, 227°C and 43 mis, The products of combustion leave the combustor at 517 kPa, 1007°C and 140 mis. Liquid fuel enters with a heating value of 43,000 kJ/kg. The combustor efficiency is 95 % . What is the airuel ratio ? Note: Properties of air : TK) h(kfkg) 500 503.02 1280 172.25 A. 47.39 C. 56.93 B. 32.25 D. 44.95 Slotm Let; m, = kg of fuel per kg air By: Energy Balance Considering 1 kg of air : n+ AQ)VE +0, = (14m)na + S(t +m v3 sone +m, (43,000)(0.95) = (1 + m,)(1372.28) + soon [SG] 7000 kg fuel = 0.0222485 =— Boe) kg air na ae ne ie ae thus; ox ow py As + 24go5 Koa O Fs T4405 (9 Scanned with @ camscanner352 Chapter 05 - Gas Turbine % tne EN sete ae PI EN 4. PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM : Air enters the compressor of a gas turbine at 100 kPa and 300 K with a vyolume flow rate of 5 mis. The compressor pressure ratio is 10 and its isentropic efficiency is 85%. At the inlet to the turbine, the pressure is 950 kPa and the temperature Is 1400 K. The turbine has an isentropic efficiency cof 88% and the exit pressure is 100 kPa. On the basis of an air-standard analysis, what Is the thermal efficiency of the cycle in percent ? .06 ©. 31.19 D. 25.15 RT 100(5) = m(0.287)(300) m=5.81 kg/s 8 (ay 7, (100. T, =736K Ww. =mC,(T,-T) = 5.81(1.0)(579 -300) = 1621 kW Scanned with @ camscanner% Power Plant Engineeting Reviewer by Capote & Mandawe 353 1621 Wa ia W,=me,(t,-t) = §.81(1)(1400 - 736) = 3858 KW W,, = 3858 (0.88) = 3395 KW W,, = 3395 - 1807 = 1488 KW =me,()-t) = 5.81(1.0)(1400 -579) = 4770 kW 1907 kW thus; = (C)e,=31.19% * 5. PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM What is the thermal efficiency of an air-standard Brayton cycle if the pressure ratio is 10. A. 48.21% ©. 45.36 % B. 50.16% 0. 42.44 % w (Ale, = 48.21% % 6, PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM In a simple gas turbine plant working on the ideal constant pressure cycle, air is taken into the compressor at 1 bar, 16°C and delivered at §.4 bar. ifthe {emperatue at ube ete 700°C, Calculate the ideal thermal efcency? A. 38.23% C, 45.66 % B. 4261% D, 35.38 % di Scanned with Bcamscanner354 Chapter 05 - Gas Turbine % SA MRE MA TTR IE TERE CIE rence nino nampa ant T-k ant eh © ° Ve ey, solving for T,, T, and T,: tt %e{h]" : Tt A ua al (84) te+273 (4 T T, = 467.90 973 - 467.90 = 0.3823 thus; w (A) 0= 38.23% Anat Slatin ~ {aq = 09823 = 38.23% (aye * 7, PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM Air is drawn into @ gas turbine working on the constant pressure cycle at 1 bar 21°C and compressed to 6.7 bar. The temperature at the end of heat supply Is 680°C. Taking expansion and compression to be adiabatic where Gy = 0.718 kdlkg-K, Cp = 1.055 kikg-K, calculate the heat energy supplied er kg at constant pressure. AL 472 kkg 6.501 kulkg B. 389 kuikg D. 489 kilkg Sham Heat Energy Supplied: Q=me,(t, - t) Scanned wth G camscanner+ Power Plant Engineering Reviewer by Capote & Mandawe er reenter acetone Solving for ty: a #-(3) TR . 44 Tenge (Z)" 2+273 (4 T, = 483.41 K T, = 680 +273 = 963K thus; Q, = 1.005(953 - 483.41) w (A)Q, = 471.94 kd/kg % 8. PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM What isthe thermal efficiency of an air-standard Brayton cycle if the air enters and leaves the turbine at 1000 K and 550 K respectively 7 A 40.74% C. 50.38 % B. 44.99% D. 54.86 % = 0.4499 thus; © (B)e=44,99% 355 Scanned with Bcamscanner356 Chapter 05 ~ Gas Turbine % poareannm Toes 9, PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM ‘There are required 2200 kW net from a gas turbine unit for pumping of crude il. Air enters the compressor section at 100 kPa, 280 K, the pressure ratio rp = 10, The turbine section receives the hot gases at 1,100 K. Assume the closed Brayton cycle and determine the required air flow. A. 7.91 kg/s C. 8.11 kg/s B. 7.16 kg/s D. 8.91 kg/s Soitine Pag = Wa, Solving for Wa, %.(%)* TAR see (toy 280 T, = 540.60 K an T ./P)* +E) ta ite (i) 1100 10 T, $569.74 K Q =mC,(1,-7) = (1)(1.0062)(1100 - 540.8) = 562.87 ki/kg Q =m, (T,-T) = (1)(1,0062)(569.74 ~ 280) = 291.54 ki/kg Wa = 562.87 ~ 291.54 = 271.33 kW/kg thus; 2200 = m (271.33) & (C)m= 8.11 ko/s Scanned with Bcamscanner© Power Plant Engineering Reviewer by Capote & M 357 Screener tener enomans nie antennas ‘VO. PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM, In an air-standard Bryton cycle, the compressor receives air at 101.325 kPa, 21°C and it leaves at 600 kPa at the rate of 4 kg/s. Determine the turbine work if the temperature of the air entering the turbine is 1000°C. ‘A 3000 KW C. 2028 KW B. 2701 KW D. 3500 KW Sorin ©, (ET) Solving for T,: | 65.83 K 192.83°C, = 4(1)(1000- 492.83) = (C) W,=2028 KW % 11, PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM The net power output of an air-standard Brayton cycle is 200 kW. Air enters the compressor at 32°C and leaves the high-temperature heat exchanger at 800°C. What is the mass flow rate of air if it leaves the turbine at 350°C ? A. 057 kgls C. 0.77 kg/s B. 0.67 kg/s D. 0.87 kg/s Satine W, = W, ~ We ‘Solving for W, and W,: 1, 924273 Scanned with Bcamscannerast Chapter 05 — Gas. T, = 360 + 273 = 623 K kt w i, 1 305 (623 T, = 525.30 K W,=m6,(,-T) = m(1)(525.30 ~305) =2203m we mo, (T, -T,) = m(1)(1073-62a) = 450m ay then; 200 = 450m ~220.3m thus; © (D)m=0.87 kg/s % 12, PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM The compressor inlet air temperature in a gas turbine plant is 99°C. Caloulate the compressor air exit temperature if it requires 400 ki/kg of work, A 499°C B. 400°C 7 W, = m6,(T,-7) 400 = 9{% 9) thus; AT, = 409°C % 13, PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM i In an air-standard Brayton cycle air enters the compressor at 101.325 kPa. ‘and 27°C. Determine the network If the maximum temperature is 1000°C C, 0. ‘and the pressure ratio is 9. ‘A, 456.88 kilkg 331.47 kiko B, 421.56 Kiko 301.74 kiko Seti ‘Scanned with @ camscannertener Plant Engineering Reviewer hy Capote & Mandowe Ww, =W,-W, Solving for W, and W, : y % a (P)* r P, leit! prea °°)" T, = 562.03 K “1 4 .(B)P tT \P, 1000 + 273 et 213 «(g's cE = (9) T, = 679.50 K W=mc,(T,-7,) = (1)(1273 - 679.50) = 593.50 ku/kg w,=m0,(%-1) = (1)(562.03- 300) = 262.03 ki/kg thus; W, = 593.5 262.03 = (C) W, = 331.47 ki/kg * V4, PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM - ‘What is the efficiency of the @ © Pi=101.325KPa T= 2c Ta= 10006 +—_—_——v T ressor in a gas turbine plant if the comp’ compressor power Is 300 kW. Power input is 400 kW. A. 75% B. 80% Shotine alg thus; ™ (A)e, = 0.75 0r75 % C. 85% 0.70% Scanned wth G camscanner360 Chapter 05 - Gas Turbine = ea 15. PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM The intake of the compressor of an air- standard Brayton cycle is 35,000 ft/min at 14 psia and 95°F, The compression ratio is 4 and the temperature at the turbine inlet is 1500°F, The exit pressure of the turbine is 14 paia Determine the mean effective pressure. A. 2457 psi C. 35.06 psi B. 28.05 psi D, 38.05 psi Slate Me Va Solving for W, and V, : m= oY RT, © = 147ps0 _ 14(144)(26000) ha (63.34)(05 + 460) = 230349 inin eh = (95 + 460)(4) = 966.34R 35000 ft/min 2383.49 Ib/min = 14,68 fe/ib 4 = 3.67 f/b PrP) = 14(4)'* = 97.502 psi : veut) 1500 + 460 = 3.67| —__— on Rear) = 7.45 /ib Scanned with @ camscanner«ePowor Plant Engineering Reviewer by Capote & Mandawe 361 1 ne nncencunrnn et anne nememtearntannt ie aa 2 4 4 29,80 f°/Ib a (1500 + 4co)( i J - 1128.72 °R mo,(T,-T) = (1)(0.24) (1960 - 1125.72) = 200.23 Btu/Ib = m6, (T,-T)) = (1)(0.24)(966.31-555) = 98.71 Btu/lb 200.23- 98.71 = 101.51 Btuy/lb " 0 q mM Ww, then; = __101.52(778) " (29.80-7.44)144 w (A)P, = 24.57 psi * 16, PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM Calculate the work done per kg of gas expanding from 6.33 kg/cm? abs to 4.05 kg/om? abs. in a gas turbine of 82% internal efficiency. Initial temperature, 750°C ; k = 1.34, M= 29, A. 349 kJ/kg C. 249 kJ/kg B. 425 kilkg D. 525 klikg Slot Let; Wa = actual turbine work Wy = ideal, turbine work We = eWy Scanned with @ camscanner62 Chapter 05 - Gas Turbine % Solving for, W, : C, = kC, + eqn. O #1340, © ° G- = R 8.314 oe ° C,-C, =0.287 +® ¥ From eqns. ©&@: G, = 1.13 Solving forthe temperature after expansion: he ey r qT C,- Co, = Pe 1,05, T, = 648.50 K then; oe! W,=me,(T, -T) (1.195)(1023 - 648.50) = 423.14 ki/kg tae 750+ 273 | (e3)" T 15, thus; ‘ W, = 0.82(423.14) = (AW, = 346.98 Kuh * 17, PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM Kerosene is the fuel of a gas turbine plant : fuel — alr ratio, mr = 0.012, T; = 972K , pressure ratio, tp = 4.5, exhaust to atmosphere. Find the available energy in KJ per kg air flow. Assume k = 1.34 and Cp = 1.13. A. 352.64 kJ/kg C. 252.64 kilkg B. 452.64 kJ/kg D, 552.64 kJ/kg Shoitine The available Energy, Q: Q = (4 +1) Cp(T2=T4) Scanned wth G camscanner‘® Power Plant Engineering Reviewer by Capote & Mandawe 363 Sooper Rat er ne RES pt RMR arpa Solving for T, : M4 B= (&)}* % PB 82. age es (4.5) 9° T, = 663.63 K then; Q = (1 +0.012)(1.13)(972- 663.63) thus; = (A)Q = 352.64 ki/kg % ‘18, PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM An ideal gas turbine operates with a pressure ratio of 10 and the energy input in the high temperature heat exchanger is 300 KW. Calculate the air flow rate for a temperature limits of 30°C and 200°C, A. 025 kgs 6.041 kgis B. 0.34 kgls D. 0.51 kgls Slotin a, = me, (T, =T, Solving for T, : 4 %.(&)" AR ara T, = 585K ‘then; 300 = m(1)(1473 - 585) thus; =(B) m= 0.34 kg/s ¢—<—_—_—_—————_ ‘19, PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM Products of combustion with k of 1.36, 856 K, molecular weight M = 29, are moving within an exhaust pipe at 174 m/s; 1.12 kg/cm? abs. static pressure. Find the total pressure and temperature, A. 1.61 kg/m? 680 K ©. 1.23 kglem? , 70 K B. 1.61 kglom?, 570K D. 1.23 kglom’, 580 K Scanned wth G camscanner34 Chopter 05 - Gas Turbine Shit Let ; Pay = total pressure Teas ® total temperature k-1), rate (Se Solving for the Mach number, M: & tiga ena ks = 0.287 — igk oe Pg 212 a ‘ (= aa ‘Jo: sry" = 1.23 kg/om? Solving forthe total temperature: =f “ajo = (C)T., = 569.68K Scanned with @ camscanner% Power Plant Engineering Reviewer by Capote & Mandawe 165 enn TERRE RS RRR NER 20, PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM In an air-standard Brayton cycle the inlet temperature and pressure are 20°C and 101.325 kPa. The turbine inlet conditions are 1200 kPa and 900°C. Determine the air flow rate if the turbine produces 12 MW. A. 21.41 kgis C. 19.25 kg/s B. 20.20 kg/s D. 18.10 kg/s 1, =578.89K then; 12.000 = m(1)(1173-578.89) thus; = (B) m=20.20 kg/s % 21, PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM ‘A gas turbine power plant operating on the Brayton cycle delivers 15 MW to a standby electric generator. What is the mass flow rate and the volume flow fale of aif the minimum and maximum pressures are 100 kPa and 800 kPa respectively, and temperatures of 20°C and 100°C. A. 31.97 kg/s , 26.88 m/s C. 41.97 kg/s , 26.88 m/s B. 36.98kg/s, 28.99 m/s D. 46.98 kg/s , 28,99 m/s Slot PV=mRT. Solving for m ; a 4..(A)* mR, 1000 +273 _ (500)"*" % 400 T, = 803.75 K Scanned with @ camscanner366 Chapter 05 - Gas Turbine % W = m6(T-T) 15000 = m(1)(1273 -803.75) m = 31.97 kg/s then; 100V = 31,97(0.287)(20+ 273) thus; = (A)V = 26.88 m/s % 22, PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM {In a gas turbine unit, air enters the combustion chamber at 550 kPa, 277°C ‘and 43 mis. The products of combustion leave the combustor at 511 kPa, 1004°C and 180 m/s, Liquid fuel enters with a heatinig value of 43,000 KJ/kg. ‘What is the combustor efficiency of the unit given a fuel-air ratio of 0.0229 7 A.72.88% C. 75.38% B. 79.38% D. 82.38% Shatin Q = mQ, =0.0229(43,000) = 9847 klkg Sane = =6,(T,-1) +e a 180? ~ 43? 7110 (1004-277) Sen = 742.28 kulkgy ‘thus; @ (C)e = 75.38% Scanned wth G camscanner‘% Power Plant Engincoring Reviewer by Capote & Mandawe 367 23, PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM In a Brayton cycle that operates between temperature limits of 300 K and 1773 K with k = 1.4, determine the temperature at the end of compression (isentropic) for maximum work of the cyclo, ‘A. 700.5 K 730K B. 690.5K 0.320K T Ts af temp.tint n— Wea C,(T.-T) + C,(TG-T) where: for Isentropic Processes Rote ae 2 yy Wager ayeth Tt ‘Note:7, 87, are temperature limits (constants) Differentiate W,_ with respect to variable T, and equate to zero to maximize: d TE, S| =0- 140408 AUC, Ty J, = Tj, > short-cut formula for maximum work T, = 300(1773) thus; * = (C)T, = 730K wo 24. PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM ‘An ideal Brayton cycle has a network output of 160 Ku/kg and backwork of 0.4, If both the turbine and the compressor had an isentropic efficiency of 80%, bata he nebrrk cut of he ye? A. 60 Kulkg B. 75 Kulkg B25 Ky ‘Scanned with @camscannerms Chapter 05 ~ Gas Turbine % litem ew os S , > 0.40 Ww W, = 0.400, Wau = W, = Wy 450 = W,~0.4 W, W, = 250 ku/kg Wy = 250(0.8) = 200 ki/kg W, = 0.40(250) = 100 ku/kg 100 W,'= Dag 7 125 Kiko Wau = W.-W, = 200-125 thus; @ (B) Wra= 75, ku/kg 25, PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM : Air enters a turbojet engine at 200 mis at a rate of 20 ka/s, and exits at 800 mis relative to the aircraft. What is the thrust developed by the engine? A16KN C.19 KN B. &KN D.12KN Shitone F=m(V2-%4) = 20(800-200) = 12,000 N thus; © (0) Fanu= 12KN * 26, PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM ‘A thermal power has a net power 10 MW. The backwork ratio of the plant is 0.005. Calculate the compressor work. A.52.75 KW C. 50.25 KW 8.56.50 KW D. 42.65 KW Slatin Scanned with @ camscanner‘ Powor Plant Engineering Reviowor by Copote & Mandawe 09 Soon Mn Waa = Wi We Ww, WW, = ,005 = ——£ BW Ww, 0, W W, = 0.005W, Wee = W,-We 10,000 = W,-0.005W, W, = 10,050.25 kW W, = 0.005(10,050.25) thus; = (C) W, = 50.25 kW % 27, PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM 4 In an ideal standard Brayton cycle, 1.5 kgis of air at 101 kPa and 27°C is isentropically compressed to a certain pressure and temperature after which the heat is added until the temperature becomes 1027°C. Calculate the net power produced by the cycle. Note: Isentropic expansion occurs in the turbine. ‘A. 429.56 kW C, 572.65 kW B. 529.76 kW D. 554.26 kW 1 ¢ a= 10274 Wt Teel] [(200)(1300) = 624.5K = mo,(T,—T) + mo,(T,-T,) where: T, =T, C,(T, -2T,+T,) 1.5)(1.0062)[1300 -2(624.5) + 300] thus; (8) Wea = 28. PAST ME BOARD PROBLEM In an ait-standard Brayton cycle, air enters compressor at 1 bar and 15°C. The pressure leaving the compressor is 0.6 MPa and maximum temperature of the cycle is 1000°C. Calculate the maximum network in ki/kg. A. 31282 C. 392.51 B. 372.29 D. 352.19 Scanned wth G camscanner370 Chapter 05 ~ Gas Turbine Lhe % = (TT 7 formaximum work = [(15+273)(1000"273) = 605.49 K War = 6, (T.-T) * &(T,-T,) where: T; =T, Wa, = C,(T,~ 27, +7) = (1.0062)[1273-2(605.49) + 288] thus; (0) W,, = 352.19 klk ¢ 29. PAST INE BOARD PROBLEM A turbine receives 150 Ibw/sec of air at 63 psia and 2450°R and expands polytropically to 14.7 psia, Calculate the power given that for this process the exponent n is equal to 1.45. A. 20,348.57 BTU/sec C. 55,547.92 flb/sec B. 53,645.16 kW D. 52,576.46 HP. Stine Weerrere 1.45 -1 = rsasoesea( 18) 778 feb, thus; © (A) Warne = 20,348.10 Btu/s ‘Scanned with @ camScanner