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Contents
1. Cover
2. Front Matter
3. Part I. Exploring XML

1. 1. Introducing XML
2. 2. Parsing XML Documents with SAX
3. 3. Parsing and Creating XML Documents with DOM
4. 4. Parsing and Creating XML Documents with StAX
5. 5. Selecting Nodes with XPath
6. 6. Transforming XML Documents with XSLT

4. Part II. Exploring JSON

1. 7. Introducing JSON
2. 8. Parsing and Creating JSON Objects with mJson
3. 9. Parsing and Creating JSON Objects with Gson
4. 10. Extracting JSON Values with JsonPath
5. 11. Processing JSON with Jackson
6. 12. Processing JSON with JSON-P

5. Part III. Appendixes

 1. Answers to Exercises
6. Back Matter

Landmarks
1. Cover
2. Table of Contents
3. Body Matter
Jeff Friesen

Java XML and JSON

Document Processing for Java SE
2nd ed.
Jeff Friesen
Dauphin, MB, Canada

Any source code or other supplementary material

referenced by the author in this book is available
to readers on GitHub via the book’s product page,
located at www.apress.com/978-1-4842-4329-9 .
For more detailed information, please visit
http://www.apress.com/source-code .
ISBN 978-1-4842-4329-9 e-ISBN 978-1-4842-4330-5
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-4330-5

Library of Congress Control Number: 2018968598

© Jeff Friesen 2019

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the

Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned,
specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of
illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms
or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software,
or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter
developed.

Trademarked names, logos, and images may appear in this book.

Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a
trademarked name, logo, or image we use the names, logos, and
images only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the
trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the
trademark. The use in this publication of trade names,
trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not
identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion
as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.

While the advice and information in this book are believed to be

true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors
nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal
responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The
publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to
the material contained herein.

Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer

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To my parents.
Introduction
XML and (the more popular) JSON let you organize
data in textual formats. This book introduces you
to these technologies along with Java APIs for
integrating them into your Java code. This book
introduces you to XML and JSON as of Java 11.

Chapter 1 introduces XML, where you learn

about basic language features (such as the XML
declaration, elements and attributes, and
namespaces). You also learn about well-formed
XML documents and how to validate them via the
Document Type Definition and XML Schema
grammar languages.

Chapter 2 focuses on Java’s SAX API for parsing

XML documents. You learn how to obtain a SAX 2
parser; you then tour XMLReader methods along
with handler and entity resolver interfaces. Finally,
you explore a demonstration of this API and learn
how to create a custom entity resolver.

Chapter 3 addresses Java’s DOM API for

parsing and creating XML documents. After
discovering the various nodes that form a DOM
document tree, you explore the DOM API, where
you learn how to obtain a DOM parser/document
builder and how to parse and create XML
documents. You then explore the Java DOM APIs
related to the Load and Save, and Traversal and
Range specifications.

Chapter 4 places the spotlight on Java’s StAX

API for parsing and creating XML documents. You
learn how to use StAX to parse XML documents
with stream-based and event-based readers and to
create XML documents with stream-based and
event-based writers.

Moving on, Chapter 5 presents Java’s XPath API

for simplifying access to a DOM tree’s nodes. You
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receive a primer on the XPath language, learning
about location path expressions and general
expressions. You also explore advanced features
starting with namespace contexts.

Chapter 6 completes my coverage of XML by

targetting Java’s XSLT API. You learn about
transformer factories and transformers, and much
more. You also go beyond the XSLT 1.0 and XPath
1.0 APIs supported by Java.

Chapter 7 switches gears to JSON. You receive

an introduction to JSON, take a tour of its syntax,
explore a demonstration of JSON in a JavaScript
context (because Java doesn’t yet officially support
JSON), and learn how to validate JSON objects in
the context of JSON Schema.

You’ll need to work with third-party libraries to

parse and create JSON documents. Chapter 8
introduces you to the mJson library. After learning
how to obtain and use mJson, you explore the
Json class, which is the entry point for working
with mJSon.

Google has released an even more powerful

library for parsing and creating JSON documents.
The Gson library is the focus of Chapter 9 . In this
chapter, you learn how to parse JSON objects
through deserialization, how to create JSON
objects through serialization, and much more.

Chapter 10 focuses on the JsonPath API for

performing XPath-like operations on JSON
documents.

Chapter 11 introduces you to Jackson, a

popular suite of APIs for parsing and creating JSON
documents.

Chapter 12 introduces you to JSON-P, an Oracle

API that was planned for inclusion in Java SE, but
was made available to Java EE instead.
 Each chapter ends with assorted exercises that
are designed to help you master the content. Along
with long answers and true/false questions, you
are often confronted with programming exercises.
Appendix A provides the answers and solutions.

Thanks for purchasing this book. I hope you

find it helpful in understanding XML and JSON in a
Java context.

Jeff Friesen (October 2018)

NOTE You can download this book’s source

code by pointing your web browser to
www.apress.com/9781484243299 and
clicking the Source Code tab followed by the
Download Now link.
Acknowledgments
I thank Apress Acquisition Editor Jonathan
Gennick and the Apress Editorial Board for giving
me the opportunity to create this second edition. I
also thank Editor Jill Balzano for guiding me
through the book development process. Finally, I
thank my technical reviewer and copy editor for
catching mistakes and making the book look great.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part I: Exploring XML
Chapter 1: Introducing XML
What Is XML?
Language Features Tour
XML Declaration
Elements and Attributes
Character References and CDATA Sections
Namespaces
Comments and Processing Instructions
Well-Formed Documents
Valid Documents
Document Type Definition
XML Schema
Summary
Chapter 2: Parsing XML Documents with SAX
What Is SAX?
Exploring the SAX API
Obtaining a SAX 2 Parser
Touring XMLReader Methods
Touring the Handler and Resolver Interfaces
Demonstrating the SAX API
Creating a Custom Entity Resolver
Summary
Chapter 3: Parsing and Creating XML Documents with DOM
 What Is DOM?
A Tree of Nodes
Exploring the DOM API
Obtaining a DOM Parser/Document Builder
Parsing and Creating XML Documents
Demonstrating the DOM API
Parsing an XML Document
Creating an XML Document
Working with Load and Save
Loading an XML Document into a DOM Tree
Configuring a Parser
Filtering an XML Document While Parsing
Saving a DOM Tree to an XML Document
Working with Traversal and Range
Performing Traversals
Performing Range Operations
Summary
Chapter 4: Parsing and Creating XML Documents with StAX
What Is StAX?
Exploring StAX
Parsing XML Documents
Creating XML Documents
Summary
Chapter 5: Selecting Nodes with XPath
What Is XPath?
XPath Language Primer
 Location Path Expressions
General Expressions
XPath and DOM
Advanced XPath
Namespace Contexts
Extension Functions and Function Resolvers
Variables and Variable Resolvers
Summary
Chapter 6: Transforming XML Documents with XSLT
What Is XSLT?
Exploring the XSLT API
Demonstrating the XSLT API
Going Beyond XSLT 1.0 and XPath 1.0
Downloading and Testing SAXON-HE 9.9
Playing with SAXON-HE 9.9
Summary
Part II: Exploring JSON
Chapter 7: Introducing JSON
What Is JSON?
JSON Syntax Tour
Demonstrating JSON with JavaScript
Validating JSON Objects
Summary
Chapter 8: Parsing and Creating JSON Objects with mJson
What Is mJson?
Obtaining and Using mJson
 Exploring the Json Class
Creating Json Objects
Learning About Json Objects
Navigating Json Object Hierarchies
Modifying Json Objects
Validation
Customization via Factories
Summary
Chapter 9: Parsing and Creating JSON Objects with Gson
What Is Gson?
Obtaining and Using Gson
Exploring Gson
Introducing the Gson Class
Parsing JSON Objects Through Deserialization
Creating JSON Objects Through Serialization
Learning More About Gson
Summary
Chapter 10: Extracting JSON Values with JsonPath
What Is JsonPath?
Learning the JsonPath Language
Obtaining and Using the JsonPath Library
Exploring the JsonPath Library
Extracting Values from JSON Objects
Using Predicates to Filter Items
Summary
Chapter 11: Processing JSON with Jackson
 What Is Jackson?
Obtaining and Using Jackson
Working with Jackson’s Basic Features
Streaming
Tree Model
Data Binding
Working with Jackson’s Advanced Features
Annotation Types
Custom Pretty Printers
Factory, Parser, and Generator Features
Summary
Chapter 12: Processing JSON with JSON-P
What Is JSON-P?
JSON-P 1.0
JSON-P 1.1
Obtaining and Using JSON-P
Working with JSON-P 1.0
Working with the Object Model API
Working with the Streaming Model API
Working with JSON-P 1.1’s Advanced Features
JSON Pointer
JSON Patch
JSON Merge Patch
Editing/Transformation Operations
Java SE 8 Support
Summary
Part III: Appendixes
Appendix A: Answers to Exercises
Chapter 1: Introducing XML
Chapter 2: Parsing XML Documents with SAX
Chapter 3: Parsing and Creating XML Documents with
DOM
Chapter 4: Parsing and Creating XML Documents with
StAX
Chapter 5: Selecting Nodes with XPath
Chapter 6: Transforming XML Documents with XSLT
Chapter 7: Introducing JSON
Chapter 8: Parsing and Creating JSON Objects with mJson
Chapter 9: Parsing and Creating JSON Objects with Gson
Chapter 10: Extracting JSON Values with JsonPath
Chapter 11: Processing JSON with Jackson
Chapter 12: Processing JSON with JSON-P
Index
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR AND
ABOUT THE TECHNICAL
REVIEWER

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Jeff Friesen

is a freelance teacher and

software developer with an
emphasis on Java. In
addition to authoring Java
I/O, NIO and NIO.2
(Apress), Java Threads and
the Concurrency Utilities
(Apress), and the first
edition of this book, Jeff
has written numerous
articles on Java and other technologies (such as
Android) for JavaWorld ( JavaWorld.com ),
informIT ( InformIT.com ), Java.net ,
SitePoint ( SitePoint.com ), and other web
sites. Jeff can be contacted via his web site at
JavaJeff.ca or via his LinkedIn (
LinkedIn.com ) profile (
www.linkedin.com/in/javajeff ).

ABOUT THE TECHNICAL REVIEWER

Massimo Nardone

has more than 24 years of

experiences in Security,
web/mobile development,
Cloud, and IT architecture.
His true IT passions are
Security and Android.

He has been
programming and teaching
how to program with Android, Perl, PHP, Java, VB,
Python, C/C++, and MySQL for more than 20 years.

He holds a Master of Science degree in

Computing Science from the University of Salerno,
Italy.

He has worked as a Project Manager, Software

Engineer, Research Engineer, Chief Security
Architect, Information Security Manager,
PCI/SCADA Auditor, and Senior Lead IT
Security/Cloud/SCADA Architect for many years.

His technical skills include Security, Android,

Cloud, Java, MySQL, Drupal, Cobol, Perl, web and
mobile development, MongoDB, D3, Joomla,
Couchbase, C/C++, WebGL, Python, Pro Rails,
Django CMS, Jekyll, Scratch, etc.

He worked as visiting lecturer and supervisor

for exercises at the Networking Laboratory of the
Helsinki University of Technology (Aalto
University). He holds four international patents
(PKI, SIP, SAML, and Proxy areas).

He currently works as Chief Information

Security Officer (CISO) for Cargotec Oyj, and he is
member of ISACA Finland Chapter Board.

Massimo has been reviewing more than 45 IT

books for different publishing companies, and he is
the coauthor of Pro Android Games (Apress, 2015),
Pro JPA 2 in Java EE 8 (APress 2018), and
Beginning EJB in Java EE 8 (Apress, 2018).
Part I
Exploring XML
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