Scribd
Upload
17 views

Notes For Lecture 6

Uploaded by

amber.den.elzen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views

Notes For Lecture 6

Uploaded by

amber.den.elzen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Perception:

How loud sounds need to be to hear them, or what is to loud.

Absolute threshold: The absolute threshold is defined as the minimum


amount of stimulation that is detectable by an individual half of the time.
It is used to define the stimulus that triggers the sensations of smell,
touch, vision, hearing, and taste.

The relative: the minimal increase

Difference threshold: just noticeable difference: A difference threshold is


the minimum required difference between two stimuli for a person to
notice change 50% of the time (and you already know where that “50% of
the time” came from).

 The smallest difference in sound for us to perceive a change in the


radio’s volume

 The minimum difference in weight for us to perceive a change


between two piles of sand

 The minimum difference of light intensity for us to perceive a


difference between two light bulbs

 The smallest difference of quantity of salt in a soup for us to


perceive a difference in taste

 The minimum difference of quantity of perfume for us to perceive a


difference in something’s smell

Signal detection theory: ( hoort bij difference threshold ): the decision part

- Brain activity higher when there is an signal, but there is noise. The
relative motion of your movement and the phone is difficult to
understand.
- Leaneant criteria and than follow up
o Threshold low with breast cancer test for example;
o Because the threshold is low; the probability is high that it is
just noise -> leaniant threshold
o

Neurons ajust when some signals stays the same over time; there like I
know

- After a time they stop responding to things


VISION (now parts of the eye, optima and optic nerve for
example)

Light reflecting in to your eyes where you process it. Lights hits the retina
where receptors make signals of it.

Where your optic nerve is this is a blind spot here are signals going to
your brain. You never notice you have a blind spot, because our brain fills
in the information that’s missing.

Rods (pink)

Active in dim light, process motion

Cones (yellow in slides)

Dominant in the focvea see color

 Dark adaptation
When it is dark we don’t really see collor that well, this is
because where the rods step in. pirates have an eyepatch to
cover one eye permanently so when they go below deck it is
dark and they can uncover that eye that is used to the dark
sow that they emidiatly can see instead of adapting both eyes
to the dark.

Color blindness: x-chromosomal. Opponent collors in the collor circle can


not be seen together at the same time.

AUDITION

Transduction in your ear takes place in the cochlea.

We are most senisitive to the intermediate range.

Two theories:

- Temporal theory
- Place theory: different part of the congria were sound is processed.

TASTE AND SMELL

They work together.

- Babies recognize their parents.


- Smell is directly processed -> goes directly to the part that
processes it.
- While seeing signals first delivered in the back of the brain and than
processed in the front of the brain.
- Tong receptors are for every flavor on the same place on the tong.

TOUCH

Perception plays a big role in touch.

- Sensory inforomation or earlier gewoontes/ opgeslagen


herrineringen (oftewel perception)
- Phasic pain: pain felt (fast burning, used myelinated neurons),

The signals from for example touch can distract your brain from
experiencing pain. Since there is an overstimulation in the brain that can
process everything at once.

Top down processing; we already know what we are going to see so we


can fill it in.

- Movement; relative process that draws attention

Structuralism: we perceive things as a whole.


Gestalt principles:

- What is the figure and what is the background?:

Gestalt principles:

- Proximity (dicht bij elkaar zelfde soort functie)


- Similarity (zelfde soort of vorm van iets)
- Several more……………

Common faith??

Localization:

- Met twee ogen kan je gwn diepte zien

met een oog kan je top-down perception gebruiken om te kunnen zien wat
er is

o Iemand achter je is niet kleiner dan gene ervoor


o Licht pallets op iemands lichaam (leeftijd en hoe die loopt en
dat er rondjes lopen) + hollow face experiment

We ajust the perception of things an there is not just sensory


Free will

Whatson: I will based on reinforsing some

Viarable ratio schedule

Schedule reinforcement

 Reinforce some behaviour

Observational learling: see something and act the same way

Sea slug: very big slug, their neurons are also so big.

After a while stopping responding to signals: habituation. -> color and red
triangle.

- Not the same as learning


- Animals stop getting distressed by humans when humans are
constatintly

Sensitization: we increase the tstrengt of something

- War; loud noises with bad consequences -> people have a scared
response for big noises
- Just like anxiety

Learning and conditioning

 Non-associative learning can occur in the womb


- In the wohm of a mother a baby can get used to some foods

Classical conditioning:

Operant conditioning:

You might also like