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Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations

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10 views

Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations

Uploaded by

tanmaythakur12007
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Numerical Solution of Partial

Differential Equations (PDEs)

Name: Tushar
Roll Number: 01116412823
B.Tech 3rd Semester
Numerical Solution of the Heat
Equation (Parabolic PDE)

INTRODUCTION:

The aim of this project is to develop a numerical solution for the one-dimensional heat
equation:

This equation models the temperature distribution in a rod over time. The solution is obtained
using the Explicit Finite Difference Method, a common numerical approach for solving
parabolic partial differential equations.

PROBLEM DESCRIPTION:
The one-dimensional heat equation illustrates the diffusion of heat through a medium as time
progresses. The governing equation is:

Key Terms:

 u(x,t)u(x,t): Temperature at position xx and time tt.


 α\alpha: Thermal diffusivity, a material-specific constant.

Initial and Boundary Conditions:


 Initial condition: u(x,0)=f(x)u(x,0) = f(x), where f(x)f(x) represents the initial
temperature distribution.
 Boundary conditions: u(0,t)=u(L,t)=0u(0,t) = u(L,t) = 0, indicating a fixed
temperature at both ends of the rod.

NUMERICAL SOLUTION:
4.1 Method Used: Explicit Finite Difference Method

4.2 Stability Condition

To ensure stability, the following condition must be satisfied:

αΔt
λ= 2
≤ 0.5
Δx

IMPLEMENTATION IN C:
The user inputs the following in the prompt :

 Thermal diffusivity (α).


 Length of the rod (L).
 Total simulation time (T).
 Number of spatial grid points (nx).
 Number of time steps (nt).

CODE:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#define PI 3.141592653589793

void solveHeatEquation(double alpha, double L, double T, int nx, int


nt) {
double dx = L / (nx - 1); // Spatial step
double dt = T / (nt - 1); // Time step
double lambda = alpha * dt / (dx * dx);

// Stability check
if (lambda > 0.5) {
printf("Unstable: Reduce time step or increase grid size.\n");
return;
}

// Allocate memory for the temperature arrays


double *u = (double *)malloc(nx * sizeof(double));
double *u_next = (double *)malloc(nx * sizeof(double));

// Initial conditions
for (int i = 0; i < nx; i++) {
double x = i * dx;
u[i] = sin(PI * x); // Example: Sine wave initial condition
}

// Boundary conditions
u[0] = u[nx - 1] = 0.0;

// Time stepping
printf("\nTemperature distribution over time:\n");
for (int n = 0; n < nt; n++) {
// Print current step
for (int i = 0; i < nx; i++) {
printf("%6.4f ", u[i]);
}
printf("\n");

// Compute next time step


for (int i = 1; i < nx - 1; i++) {
u_next[i] = u[i] + lambda * (u[i - 1] - 2 * u[i] + u[i +
1]);
}

// Apply boundary conditions


u_next[0] = u_next[nx - 1] = 0.0;

// Swap arrays for next step


for (int i = 0; i < nx; i++) {
u[i] = u_next[i];
}
}

// Free memory
free(u);
free(u_next);
}

int main() {
double alpha, L, T;
int nx, nt;

// Input parameters from the user


printf("Enter the thermal diffusivity (alpha): ");
scanf("%lf", &alpha);
printf("Enter the length of the rod (L): ");
scanf("%lf", &L);
printf("Enter the total simulation time (T): ");
scanf("%lf", &T);
printf("Enter the number of spatial grid points (nx): ");
scanf("%d", &nx);
printf("Enter the number of time steps (nt): ");
scanf("%d", &nt);

// Solve the heat equation


solveHeatEquation(alpha, L, T, nx, nt);

return 0;
}

OUTPUTS:

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