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Lesson 2 Fundamentals of Prototyping

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9 views

Lesson 2 Fundamentals of Prototyping

Uploaded by

Queenie-Hannah Datumanong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 2: Fundamentals

of Prototyping

EMPOWERNMENT TECHNOLOGY
What makes everything work?
ENERGY
Energy is the capacity to do work. There are different types of
energy that exist in the form
of thermal, radiant, chemical potential, kinetic energy and some
other forms.
 Electrical energy is the energy derived from electric potential
energy or kinetic energy.
Electricity is the movement of electrons.
All matter consists of atoms that have positively charged protons,
negatively charged electrons, and neutrons that have no charge.
Protons and neutrons are situated at the center of the atom
called the nucleus, while the electrons surround it.
Conductors and Insulators
 Insulators
do not easily pass on electrons, have low
electron mobility, and this does not conduct electricity.

 Conductors, on the other hand, have high electron


mobility, and have loose electrons at the valence shell
which easily move to adjacent atoms, thus they conduct
electricity.
Electrical Circuit and Voltage

 Electric circuit is a path that connects two points from the


negative terminal to the positive terminal of a power source in a
circuit where the charge flows.
When electrons move from one atom to the next (as in copper
wire), the free electrons in the neighboring atoms are displaced. As
a result, the charge flow is created.
 Voltage is the energy that causes current by pushing electrons in
a circuit in the same direction.
Voltage is measured in volts (V) and refers to the energy
difference between two points in a circuit, also known as the
potential difference.
Electrical Current and its Types

 Electrical Current is the total amount of charge passing through


a wire over a period while current is the flow of electrons in a
circuit.
 Ampere is the base unit of electric current which tells how
many electrons flow past a single point every second.
 Watt is a unit of power in electrical and mechanical terms and
is represented by big W. It is named after James Watt, the
inventor of the Steam Engine.
1 watt is equivalent to 1 joule per second in terms of
mechanical power, and 1 volt-ampere in terms of electric
power.
Types of Current
 Alternating Current varies on a regular basis. The power plant's
output is delivered to homes through AC. An electrical
generator produces alternating current.
A wire loop is spun within a magnetic field, causing a current
to flow along it. The wire can be rotated by a variety of
sources, including a wind turbine, a steam turbine, flowing
water, and so on.
The voltage and current on the wire alternate because the
wire spins and reaches a distinct magnetic polarity on a
regular basis.
Types of Current

 Direct Current provides a constant voltage which flows in one


direction. Examples of this are the batteries. DC can be
converted from AC by a device called "commutator” or a
rectifier.
Ohm's law
 Inan electrical circuit, Ohm's Law is a formula that is used
to quantify the relationship between voltage, current, and
resistance.
 It
is named after Georg Simon Ohm, a German physicist
who studied the relationship between voltage, current,
and resistance.
 He is credited for formulating Ohm's Law.
Ohm's law

In this algebraic expression, voltage (V) is equal


to current (I) multiplied by resistance (R). Using
algebra techniques, we can manipulate this
equation into two variations, solving for I and for
R, respectively.
 There is a way to compute for watts. From Ohm's Law, we get
the following formulas:
V=I*R
I=V/R
R=V/I
 To compute for watts, we use the following formula:
W=V*I
Since I = V / R, then
W = V * V / R by substitution.
Simplifying the equation, we get:
Conductor or Insulator?
WOOD PLANK

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