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15 viewsHCV
HCV rest and motion
Uploaded by
pros68812Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Physics and Mathematics
EXERCISES
12. Let A,A,A,AA,A,A; be
-x-components of the vects
taken in order. Use the !
six vectors is Zero, to pr
Let A and B be the two vectors of magnitude 10 unit ‘cos0 + cosw3 + cos2v3 +
‘each. If they are inclined to the X-axis at angles 30° and pees iatenicainast
G0" respectively, find the resultant.
‘Add vectors A, B and @ each having magnitude of 100
Tonit and inclined to the X-axis at angles 45°, 195° and
_ 915° respectively.
[ot a= 4i'+3j'and B= 37+ 4]; (a) Find the magnitudes
of (a) a, b) B, (0) 2 +B and (a) a8.
efer to figure (2-E1). Find (a) the magnitude, (b) x and
components and (¢) the angle with the X-axis of the 5
nt of a vector is resultant of OA, BC and DE
ss than its magnitude
eater than its magnit
ual to its magnitude
ese.
points vertically upward ,
‘The vector product A x B
(®) along east
3 ‘Avector A makes an angle of 20° and makes an angle
FuB-A-B wit ‘of 110° with the X-axis. The magnitudes of these vectors:
wo xB bea 'm and 4 m respectiv ‘ind the resultant.
rato vectors is zero? 0 Gre 3 m and 4'm respectively. Find the result
o, can you say that (a) 4 _
13, Let @=27+3j>4)
angle between them
14. Prove that A-(Ax
Peaj+4k
Figure 2E1 17. A particle moves 0
speed v. At a certa
Tine path. O is
independent of tt
18. The force on 2
vectors have magnitudes 3 unit and 4 unit
tively. What should be the angle between them if
a ‘magnitude of the resultant is (a) 1 unit, (b) 5 unit
@ (©) 7 unit.
spy report about a suspected car reads as follows. “The magnetic fields +
car moved 2-00 km towards east, made a perpendicular E is along the 3
tur, ran for 500m, made @ perpendicular right direction and
turn, ran for 400km and stopped’. Find the at
lisplacement of the car. ia parburts
carrom board (4 ft x 4 ft square) has the queen at the .
19. Give an examp
4-1 em? (c) 14°11 om
ual to | A-B | 4 ‘centre, The queen, hit by the striker moves to the front
s than | A-B| d edge, rebounds and goes in the hole behind the striking 20. Draw a graph
ater than | Ata ine. Find the magnitude of displacement of the queen atx = 2, 4,6:
an a from the centre to the front edge, (b) from the front Verify that the
al to | A-B |. ge to the hole and (c) from the centre to the hole.
tangent is tan
A mosquito net over a7 ft x 4 ft bed is 3 ft high. The
hhas a hole at one corner of the bed through which ag aS
y 28 18
21. A curve is rey
of the resultant of se
sum of the x-compol
r than the sum of
‘mosquito enters the net. It flies and sits at the
opposite upper comer of the net. (a) Find the
th ; magnitude of the displacement of the mosquito. (b)
‘an the sum of th Taking the hole as the origin, the length of the bed as
‘X-axis, its width as the Y-axis, and vertically up as
Z-axis, write the components of the displacement
or.
Suppose a is a vector of magnitude 4°6 unit due north.
ee ‘What is the vector (a) 8.4, (b) -4a? z
B ‘Two vectors have magnitudes 2m and $m, The angle
Len between them is 60°. Find (a) the scalar product of the
0 the sum of the
esr vectote) cer ( of 20° and Hf makes an angle
vector A makes an angle of 20 -
ior with the X-axis, Tho magnitides of thaas vote
Firs and 4 m respectively Find! the sesutttay
Bat Bho tan tre voi of hat tian
A re inclined to the X-axis at angles 30° and
iy find the resuleane
td vectors A, B and C each having magnitude of 100
- pacinbeeprbeetieter sa es a ty
15° respectively.
Bat 4%-3und B= 374,70) Find the roagaitodes
fa) a? @) 8, @) a's Band) @=B.
for to figure (2-E1), Find (a) the magnitude, (b)x and
omponente and (0) the angle with the Keane or ae
ultant of OA, BC and DE.
i Ee
Figure 2-E1
ectors have magnitudes 3 unit and 4 unit
ively. What should be the angle between them if
gnitude of the resultant is (a) 1 unit, (b) 5 unit
7 unit,
port about a suspected car reads as follows. “The
ed 2:00 km towards east, made a Perpendicular
, ran for 500m, made a Perpendicular right
in for 4:00km and stopped”. Find the
ent of the car.
board (4 ft x 4 ft square) has the queen at the
1e queen, hit by the striker moves to the front
unds and goes in the hole behind the striking
the magnitude of displacement of the queen
ie centre to the front edge, (b) from the front
> hole and (c) from the centre to the hole,
net over a 7 ft x 4 ft bed is 3 ft high. The
iole at one corner of the bed through which
enters the net. It flies and sits at the
pposite upper corner of the net, (a) Find the
of the displacement of the mosquito, (b)
hole as the origin, the length of the bed as
's width as the Y-axis, and vertically up as
write the components of the displacement
@ veetor of magnitude 4°5 unit due north.
rector (a) 3.4, (b) - 4a?
nave magnitudes 2m and 3m, The angle
is 60°. Find (a) the scalar product of the
) the magnitude of their vector product,
12, Let A, A, A, A.A, A, Aj be a regular hexagon, Write the
x-components of the vectors represented by the six sides
taken in order, Use the fact that the resultant of these
six vectors is zero, to prove that
©0s0 + cosn/3 + cos2n/3 + concn! + cosstn/S + cosbn/3 = 0
esult
Use the known cosine values to verify the
el As
00°
Av ae
Figure 2-82
18. Let @=27437+4% and B=3i%+4j%+5R. Find the
angle between them,
14. Prove that A-(AxB)=0.
15. If A=2743j°4% and B=47%37 +28, find AxB
16. 1f 4, BG are mutually perpeniicalar, show that
@x(AxB)=0. Is the converse true?
17. A particle moves on a given straight line with a constant
speed v. At a certain time it is at a point P on its straight
line path. O is a fixed point. Show that OP xv’ is
independent of the position P.
18. The foree on a charged particle due to electric and
magnetic fields is given by F= qE+qv xB. Suppose
Eis along the X-axis and B along the Y-axis. In what
direction and with what minimum speed v should a
Positively charged particle be sent so that the net force
on it is zero?
19. Give an example for which A-B=C-B but Ae.
20. Draw a graph from the following data. Draw tangents
at x = 2, 4, 6 and 8. Find the slopes of these tangents.
Verify that the curve drawn is y = 2x" and the slope of
tangent is tand = s. 4x,
e123 4 366 %
y 2 8 18 32 50 72 98
21. A curve is represented by y = sinx,
8 9 10
128 162 200
Ifx is changed from
x
» find approximately the change in y.
22. The electric current in a charging R-C circuit is given
by izige”° where ij, R and C are constant
Parameters of the cireuit and ¢ is time, Find the rate of
change of current at (a) ¢ = 0, (b) t = RC, (c) t = 10 RC.
28, The electric current in a discharging R-C cireuit is given
byi=ise”!/®° where ip, R and C are constant parameters
and ¢ is time. Let i,=200A, R=600x10°Q CHAPTER 3
REST AND MOTION : KINEMATICS
ee ee ee
REST AND MOTION
When do we say that a body is at rest and when
say that it is in motion? You may say that ifa
does not change its position as time passes it is
If a body changes its position with time, itis
‘to be moving. But when do we say that it is not
ing its position? A book placed on the table
ins on the table and we say that the book is at
. However, if we station ourselves on the moon (the
Jo missions have made it possible), the whole
is found to be changing its position and so the
, the table and the book are all continuously
1g their positions. The book is at rest if it is
from the room, it is moving if it is viewed from
‘moon.
‘Motion is a combined property of the object under
idy and the observer. There is no meaning of rest
motion without the viewer. Nothing is in absolute
or in absolute motion. The moon is moving with
spect to the book and the book moves with respect
the moon. Take another example. A robber enters
train moving at great speed with respect to the
ind, brings out his pistol and says “Don't move,
d still”. The passengers stand still. The passengers
at rest with respect to the robber but are moving
ith respect to the rail track.
To locate the position of a particle we need a frame
Of reference. A convenient way to fix up the frame of
reference is to choose three mutually perpendicular
axes and name them X-Y-Z axes. The coordinates, (x,
4,2) of the particle then specify the position of the
article with respect to that frame. Add a clock into
the frame of reference to measure the time. If all the
three coordinates x, y and z of the particle remain
unchanged as time passes, we say that the particle is,
at rest with respect to this frame. If any one or more
coordinates change with time, we say that the body is
moving with respect to this frame.
There is no rule or restriction on the choice of a
frame. We can choose a frame of reference according
to our convenience to describe the situation under
study. Thus, when we are in a train it is convenient
to choose a frame attached to our compartment. The
coordinates of a suitcase placed on the upper berth do
not change with time (unless the train gives a jerk)
and we say that the suitcase is at rest in the train-
frame. The different: stations, electric poles, trees ete
change their coordinates and we say that they are
moving in the train-frame. Thus, we say that “Bombay
is coming” and “Pune has already passed”
In the following sections we shall assume that th
frame of reference is already chosen and we ar
describing the motion of the objects in the chose
frame. Sometimes the choice of the frame is clear fro
the context and we do not mention it. Thus, when or
says the car is travelling and the rickshaw is not,
is clear that all positions are measured from a frat
attached to the road,
8.2 DISTANCE AND DISPLACEMENT
Suppose a particle is at A at time ¢, and at J
time ty with respect to a given frame (figure 3.2).
Figure 3.2 w
tise move
Dirigo intarral #t2 tthe PORE “Ace is
pain ne path ACB. The length of the Po torval
nlong the path ACH. Toned during the GM TT the
f. to t.. If we connect the initial a we get. tee
to fy z aight line, a
float postion bya straight HBG WG
Guaplacement of the particle. The Magni i ining
rari ene straight line Joint
oat ‘The direction eae
= The displacement ner
re direction. Further
he triangle
na table,
time the
displacement is the
the initial and the 8
the initial to the final position.
both the magnitude as well as the
