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8 views

Research Paper

Uploaded by

ayushmeshram131
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Error Detection and Correction in Communication

Systems

Muhammad Adil Bankar Mansi Salunkhe Ayush Meshram


Electronics and Telecommunication Electronics and Telecommunication Electronics and Telecommunication
Sardar Patel Institute of Technology Sardar Patel Institute of Technology Sardar Patel Institute of Technology
Mumbai, India Mumbai, India Mumbai, India
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Amogh Mathpati Vishakha Lade


Electronics and Telecommunication Electronics and Telecommunication
Sardar Patel Institute of Technology Sardar Patel Institute of Technology
Mumbai, India Mumbai, India
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract— Error detection and correction are critical This research focuses on implementing and analyzing the
components of reliable communication systems, ensuring performance of a Viterbi decoder in a controlled
the integrity of transmitted data in the presence of noise experimental setup. Specifically, we explore the decoder's
and interference. The Viterbi algorithm, a widely ability to correct errors in a noisy communication channel
adopted decoding technique for convolutional codes, is using an audio signal as the test case. The audio is encoded,
renowned for its ability to accurately recover original subjected to simulated errors, and decoded to assess the
data sequences by finding the most likely path through a error correction performance. Through detailed
trellis diagram. This paper presents the performance experimentation and comparison with the original audio
analysis and practical implementation of a Viterbi signal, we evaluate the Viterbi algorithm's effectiveness in
decoder tailored for reliable error correction in noisy reducing the bit error rate (BER).
communication channels.
In addition to practical implementation, this paper
The implementation process involves injecting provides insights into the algorithm’s structure and
controlled errors into an audio file, decoding the functionality, supported by diagrams, flowcharts, and
erroneous data using the Viterbi algorithm, and performance metrics. Our findings highlight the Viterbi
comparing the corrected output with the original audio decoder's critical role in ensuring reliable data transmission,
to evaluate the decoder's effectiveness. Detailed contributing to its enduring relevance in modern
diagrams and flowcharts illustrate the algorithm's communication systems. The Viterbi algorithm is a dynamic
workings, while experimental results highlight its error programming technique used to decode convolutionally
correction capabilities and limitations. The findings encoded messages by finding the most likely sequence of
underscore the Viterbi decoder's significance in transmitted symbols. It operates on the principle of
enhancing data reliability across various communication maximum likelihood estimation, working through a trellis
systems, offering insights into its practical application diagram that represents possible states of the encoder over
and performance metrics. time.

1] INTRODUCTION 2] METHODOLOGY

In today’s interconnected world, reliable data 2.1 Audio Signal Generation


communication is critical, particularly in systems where
errors caused by noise and interference can compromise A synthetic audio signal (a sine wave at 440 Hz) was
information integrity. From satellite communications and used as the input data, sampled at 44.1 kHz. The continuous
mobile networks to modern multimedia applications, waveform was quantized into binary values for subsequent
ensuring accurate data transmission requires robust error encoding.
detection and correction mechanisms.
Convolutional encoding, a widely adopted forward error 2.2 Convolutional Encoding
correction (FEC) method, operates by introducing
redundancy to the data stream, making it possible to detect The audio signal was encoded using a convolutional
and correct errors during transmission. Among the many encoder defined by a trellis structure with constraint length
decoding techniques for convolutional codes, the Viterbi 3 and generator polynomials 𝐺1=7 and 𝐺2=5 (octal
algorithm stands out as a maximum likelihood decoding representation). The encoded data served as the input to the
approach, providing high accuracy by finding the most transmission system.
probable transmitted sequence using a trellis diagram. Its
efficiency and effectiveness have cemented its role in 2.3 Noise Injection = Gaussian noise was added to the
applications such as GSM, CDMA, and deep-space modulated signal to simulate a noisy communication
communications, where reliability is paramount. channel. The noise level was controlled by setting the
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) to 2 dB.

XXX-X-XXXX-XXXX-X/XX/$XX.00 ©20XX IEEE


2.4 Viterbi Decoding - The noisy data was decoded using
the Viterbi algorithm. Hard decision decoding was
implemented with a traceback depth of 5 times the
constraint length to optimize performance.

2.5 Performance Evaluation - The decoded signal was


compared with the original signal to compute the Bit Error
Rate (BER). Graphical visualizations of the original signal,
decoded signal, and error signal were created to illustrate
performance. Playback of both signals was used for
qualitative evaluation.

3] RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

3.1 Quantitative Metrics - The BER was calculated by 5] CONCLUSION


comparing the original and decoded binary sequences. A
low BER confirmed the Viterbi decoder’s ability to correct
errors introduced by noise. This paper presented a practical implementation of Viterbi
decoding for error correction in communication systems.
The experiment demonstrated the algorithm’s robustness in
3.2 Visualization - Figure 1 displays the original audio recovering corrupted audio data, with performance metrics
signal, decoded signal, and error signal. Adjustments to and visualizations affirming its effectiveness. The findings
scaling and line thickness ensured the visibility of waveform highlight the significance of convolutional codes and Viterbi
differences. The error signal highlighted discrepancies decoding in ensuring data reliability, paving the way for
between the original and decoded signals, which were further exploration in real-world communication scenarios.
minimal in this experiment.

6] REFERENCES
3.3 Subjective Evaluation - Audio playback demonstrated
that the decoded signal was perceptually identical to the 1] Forney, G. D. (1973). The Viterbi algorithm. Proceedings
original, confirming effective error correction by the Viterbi
algorithm. the IEEE, 61(3), 268–278.
2] Lin, S., & Costello, D. J. (2004). Error Control Coding:
Fundamentals and Applications. Prentice Hall.
4] EXPERIMENTATION RESULT 3] Proakis, J. G., & Salehi, M. (2007). Digital
Communications. McGraw-Hill.

Figure 1: Visualization of Original, Decoded, and Error


Signals

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