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Polyatomic Ions and Ternary Compounds

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18 views9 pages

Polyatomic Ions and Ternary Compounds

Uploaded by

nataraart
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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POLYATOMIC IONS

Describe how bonds are formed in polyatomic ions. What will happen if these polyatomic ions
interact with another polyatomic ion or with another element?

Summary
● Polyatomic ions contain more than one type of atom in the ion.
● The majority of polyatomic ions are anions that are named ending in “ate” or “ite.”
● Some anions have multiple forms and are named accordingly.

A polyatomic ion is an ion composed of more than one atom. The ammonium ion
consists of one nitrogen atom and four hydrogen atoms. Together, they comprise a
single ion with a 1+ charge and a formula of NH4+. The carbonate ion consists of
one carbon atom and three oxygen atoms and carries an overall charge of 2−. The
formula of the carbonate ion is CO32-. The atoms of a polyatomic ion are tightly
bonded together and so the entire ion behaves as a single unit.

> when combined, they have 1 charge


> suffix varies depending on number of oxygen atoms

Common Polyatomic Ions (Alphabetical order by ion name) NOTE: -ite ending means one less
oxygen than the

COVALENT BOND
Electron clouds overlap and electrons are SHARED not given
- Generally happens between nonmetals
- 2 electrons (1 from each atom) to make a covalent bond
How do they get their charge?

Ammonium is capable of donating this electron whether to another polyatomic ion or to a


nonmetal element

> positive charge


1 unpaired electron in oxygen

> overall charge will be 1-


> hydroxide will accept 1 electron just to attain stability

POLYATOMIC IONS ARE REGARDED AS A GROUP


> e.g. add 1 hydrogen to hydroxide, it is no longer hydroxide
> number of atoms are fixed and you may not change any of the subscripts or elements or else
it will become a different ion or compound
Expanded octet

1 unpaired electron on each oxygen atom


> bromine is not yet stable
All electrons of sulfur are used up, but there are 2 unpaired electrons in oxygen
> overall charge becomes 2-

TERNARY COMPOUNDS

● 3 or more elements present in the compound

To identify formula, ignore positive and negative and do criss cross method
> charges are given as subscripts to the opposite charge

You need to enclose your polyatomic ion in parentheses

2 is equally distributed to N and H

DO NOT CHANGE SUBSCRIPTS.


Within the polyatomic ion, you have covalent bonds

When interacting with another polyatomic ion or other metals, the type of bond is ionic
NAMING TERNARY COMPOUNDS

> follow rules in naming ionic compounds


Potassium hydroxide
Calcium sulfate
Ammonium bromide
BOTH DUE MAY 12 - 8:30 AM

Compare conductivity of compounds


> sugar and salt

Observe if conductivity apparatus is one complete circuit without the presence of the crystals

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