Homework Review:

1. In the sentence "She will go to the party if she finishes her work," what is the
dependent clause?

a) She will go to the party

b) If she finishes her work
c) She finishes her work
d) She will go to the party if she finishes her work

1. In the sentence "Even though it was late, they decided to finish their project,"
what type of clause is "Even though it was late"?

a) Independent clause
b) Dependent clause
c) Phrase
d) Compound clause

2. What is the independent clause in the sentence: "The sun was setting, so we
decided to take a walk"?

a) The sun was setting

b) We decided to take a walk
c) The sun was setting, so we decided to take a walk
d) So we decided to take a walk

3. In the sentence "Tom and Jerry were late because they missed the bus," what
is the dependent clause?

a) Tom and Jerry were late

b) Because they missed the bus
c) They missed the bus
d) Tom and Jerry were late because they missed the bus

4. In the sentence "While the children played outside, their parents relaxed on the
porch," what is the subject of the clause "While the children played outside"?

a) The children
b) Played outside
c) Their parents
d) The porch
5. What is the subject in the sentence "Neither the teacher nor the students were
ready for the exam"?

a) The teacher
b) The students
c) Neither the teacher nor the students
d) Were ready for the exam

Conjunctions: An Overview

Definition: Conjunctions are words that connect clauses, sentences, or words within
the same sentence. They help to create coherence and clarify relationships between
ideas.

Types of Conjunctions

Coordinating Conjunctions

○ Connect words, phrases, or independent clauses of equal importance.

○ Common coordinating conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (often
remembered with the acronym FANBOYS).

Examples:

○ Words: I like tea and coffee.

○ Phrases: She is studying but she is tired.
○ Clauses: He wanted to go for a walk, but it started to rain.

For

I enjoy reading, for it helps me relax.

And

She likes to play tennis, and she also enjoys swimming.

Nor

He doesn’t like tea, nor does he enjoy coffee.

But

I wanted to go hiking, but it started to rain.

 Or

Would you prefer to go to the beach, or would you rather stay home?

Yet

It was late, yet the streets were still crowded.

So

She was feeling tired, so she decided to take a nap.

Subordinating Conjunctions

○ Connect an independent clause with a dependent clause.

○ Common subordinating conjunctions: because, although, since, unless,
while, if, when.

Examples:

○ Dependent clause: Although it was raining, we went for a walk.

○ Independent clause: We stayed inside because the weather was bad.

Because

● She stayed home because she was feeling unwell.

Although

● Although it was cold outside, we went for a walk.

Since

● Since it was his birthday, we planned a surprise party.

Unless

● You won’t succeed unless you put in the effort.

While

● While I was cooking, my friend set the table.

If
 ● We will go to the park if the weather is nice.

When

● Call me when you arrive at the station.

Correlative Conjunctions

○ Work in pairs to connect equal elements in a sentence.

○ Common correlative conjunctions: either...or, neither...nor, both...and,
not only...but also.

Examples:

○ Either you come with us, or you stay here.

○ Both the movie and the book were great.

Either...or

● You can either have pizza or pasta for dinner.

Neither...nor

● Neither the manager nor the employees were aware of the changes.

Both...and

● Both the book and the movie were excellent.

Not only...but also

● She is not only a talented musician, but also a skilled artist.

Using Conjunctions in Sentences

● To Combine Ideas: Conjunctions allow you to combine related ideas for

smoother flow.
○ Example: I wanted to eat, but I wasn’t hungry.
● To Show Cause and Effect: Subordinating conjunctions help clarify reasons or
results.
○ Example: She studied hard because she wanted to pass the exam.
● To Present Alternatives: Coordinating conjunctions can present choices.
○ Example: You can have coffee or tea.
Practice:

I can’t go out tonight, ______ I have too much homework.

a) so
b) because
c) and

She likes to swim, ______ her brother prefers to run.

a) but
b) and
c) or

You can have ______ coffee ______ tea with your breakfast.
a) both...and
b) either...or
c) neither...nor

______ it was raining, we decided to play outside.

a) Although
b) Since
c) Unless

He will call you ______ he gets home.

a) when
b) since
c) but

______ the manager nor the team members knew about the meeting.
a) Not only
b) Either
c) Neither

She not only loves painting, ______ she also enjoys sculpting.
a) and
b) but also
c) so

I’ll go for a walk ______ the weather is nice.

a) unless
b) when
c) since
You won’t pass the exam ______ you study hard.
a) unless
b) although
c) since

I enjoy both hiking ______ biking on weekends.

a) and
b) or
c) but

Read Page from Book

Short Story

In a small village, there lived a curious girl named Maya. She loved exploring the nearby
forest, where she often discovered beautiful flowers and interesting creatures. One
sunny day, Maya decided to venture deeper into the woods, although her parents had
warned her to stay close to home.

As she walked, Maya found a sparkling stream and decided to rest by the bank.
Because she was tired, she closed her eyes and listened to the soothing sounds of
nature. Suddenly, she heard rustling in the bushes. Peeking through the leaves, she
saw a tiny fox looking scared. So, Maya approached it slowly.

“Don’t be afraid,” she whispered. The fox hesitated but then sniffed her hand when she
reached out. They quickly formed a bond, and Maya offered it a piece of bread she had
brought along. The fox accepted the food and seemed to trust her.

The fox then led Maya to a hidden meadow filled with wildflowers, a place she had
never seen before. After exploring together, the fox guided her back to her village.
When Maya returned home, she excitedly shared her adventure with her family. From
that day on, she and the fox met regularly, forging a special friendship that taught Maya
the joy of exploration.

Questions

Why did Maya decide to explore the forest?

a) She was bored.

b) She wanted to discover new paths.
c) Her parents told her to.
What did Maya find by the stream?

a) A hidden treasure.
b) A tiny fox.
c) A waterfall.

Why did Maya approach the fox?

a) She was scared.

b) She wanted to play with it.
c) She wanted to help it.

What did the fox lead Maya to?

a) A cave.
b) A hidden meadow filled with wildflowers.
c) A tree house.

How did Maya feel when she returned home?

a) Angry.
b) Happy.
c) Sad.

What lesson can be learned from Maya’s adventure?

a) Always listen to your parents.

b) Adventures can lead to new friendships.
c) Forests are dangerous places.

What did Maya do when she got home?

a) She went to sleep.

b) She shared her adventure with her family.
c) She forgot about the fox.

How did the fox feel about Maya?

a) It was scared of her.

b) It wanted to play.
c) It trusted her.
Role-Play

Maya: (Harleen)

Mr: Johnson (Belén)

Maya: Excuse me, Mr. Johnson? I need help with something.

Mr. Johnson: Of course, Maya! What can I help you with?

Maya: I’m struggling with the conjunctions assignment. I understand the basics, but I’m
having trouble using them correctly in sentences.

Mr. Johnson: That’s perfectly okay! Conjunctions can be tricky. What specifically are
you having trouble with?

Maya: I get confused between coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. I’m not
sure when to use each type.

Mr. Johnson: Great question! Remember, coordinating conjunctions connect words or

phrases that are equal, like “and,” “but,” and “or.” For example, “I like apples and
oranges.”

Maya: I see! So, they connect similar ideas. What about subordinating conjunctions?

Mr. Johnson: Exactly! Subordinating conjunctions connect an independent clause with

a dependent clause. They often show a relationship, like cause and effect. For example,
“I will go for a walk if it stops raining.”

Maya: That makes sense. Could you give me an example of using “although”?

Mr. Johnson: Sure! You could say, “Although it was late, I finished my homework.” It
shows that you did one thing despite another situation.

Maya: Got it! What about correlative conjunctions?

Mr. Johnson: Correlative conjunctions work in pairs, like “either...or” and “not only...but
also.” For instance, “You can have either pizza or pasta for dinner.”

Maya: That’s really helpful! I think I can try to rewrite my sentences now.

Mr. Johnson: I’m glad to hear that! Would you like me to look over your sentences once
you’ve rewritten them?

Maya: Yes, please! Thank you so much for your help, Mr. Johnson.
Mr. Johnson: Anytime, Maya! I’m here to help. Good luck, and I look forward to reading
your work!

Emma: (Belén)

Lily: (Harleen)

Emma: I’m so glad we decided to meet up! How’s everything going with you?

Lily: It’s going well! I’ve been really busy with schoolwork lately.How about you?

Emma: Same here! I feel like we have so many assignments this week. I’m especially
struggling with math.

Lily: Ugh, I hear you. I didn’t get the last topic we covered. Do you want to study
together this weekend?

Emma: That sounds like a great idea! I could use some help. Plus, it’ll be more fun than
studying alone.

Lily: Exactly! We can go over the problems together. By the way, have you started
reading that new book series everyone’s talking about?

Emma: Yes! I just finished the first book. It was so good! The characters are so well
developed.

Lily: I know! I love how relatable they are. Which character do you like the most?

Emma: I really like Mia. She’s brave and always stands up for her friends. What about
you?

Lily: I’m a fan of Alex. He has such a great sense of humor! I love the way he makes
even tough situations feel lighter.

Emma: Right? Their friendship dynamic is amazing. I can’t wait to start the next book.

Lily: Same here! We should plan a mini book club just for us. We can discuss the
chapters over hot chocolate!

Emma: That’s a fantastic idea! Let’s make it a monthly thing.

Lily: Definitely! So, what’s your plan for the weekend besides studying?
Emma: Well, I’m also thinking of starting a new hobby—maybe painting. I’ve seen some
cool videos online.

Lily: That sounds fun! I’ve always wanted to try painting too. We could start together!

Emma: Yes! Let’s make it a creative weekend. Study and paint!

Lily: Perfect! I can’t wait. It’s always great to hang out with you.

Emma: Same here! Thanks for being such a good friend, Lily.

Lily: You too Emma!

Homework:

She didn’t go to the party, ______ she was feeling sick.

a) so
b) because
c) and

You can either play soccer ______ basketball after school.

a) and
b) or
c) but

______ the sun was shining, it was still chilly outside.

a) Although
b) Since
c) Unless

I will finish my project ______ I have some time left.

a) if
b) when
c) because

Neither the teacher ______ the students were aware of the schedule change.
a) nor
b) and
c) or

He loves both jazz ______ classical music.

a) and
b) but
c) or

She not only speaks French, ______ she also speaks Spanish fluently.
a) and
b) but also
c) so

I’ll help you with your homework ______ you ask nicely.
a) unless
b) if
c) when

We can go hiking ______ we can stay home and watch a movie.

a) and
b) but
c) or

______ it was a long day, I still enjoyed the event.

a) Although
b) Since
c) Unless