EXPERIMENT-4

Aim: Study of following Network Devices in Detail.

1. Repeater
2. Hub
3. Switch
4. Bridge
5. Router
6. Gateway
_____________________________________________________________________
Apparatus (Software): No software or hardware needed.

Procedure: Following should be done to understand this practical.

Repeater: Functioning at Physical Layer. repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and
retransmits it at a higher level and/or higher power, or onto the other side of an obstruction, so that the
signal can cover longer distances. Repeater have two ports ,so cannot be use to connect for more than
two devices

Hub: An Ethernet hub, active hub, network hub, repeater hub, hub or concentrator is a device for
connecting multiple twisted pair or fiber optic Ethernet devices together and making them act as a
single network segment. Hubs work at the physical layer (layer 1) of the OSI model. The device is
a form of multiport repeater. Repeater hubs also participate in collision detection, forwarding a
jam signal to all ports if it detects a collision.

Switch: network switch or switching hub is a computer networking device that connects network
segments. The term commonly refers to a network bridge that processes and routes data at the data link
layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Switches that additionally process data at the network layer (layer 3
and above) are often referred to as Layer 3 switches or multilayer switches

Bridge: A network bridge connects multiple network segments at the data link layer (Layer 2) of
the OSI model. In Ethernet networks, the term bridge formally means a device that behaves
according to the IEEE 802.1D standard. A bridge and switch are very much alike; a switch being a
bridge with numerous ports. Switch or Layer 2 switch is often used interchangeably with
bridge .Bridges can analyze incoming data packets to determine if the bridge is able to send the
given packet to another segment of the network.

Router: A router is an electronic device that interconnects two or more computer networks, and
selectively interchanges packets of data between them. Each data packet contains address
information that a router can use to determine if the source and destination are on the same
network, or if the data packet must be transferred from one network to another. Where multiple
routers are used in a large collection of interconnected networks, the routers exchange information
about target system addresses, so that each router can build up a table showing the preferred paths
between any two systems on the interconnected networks.
Gateway: In a communications network, a network node equipped for interfacing with another
network that uses different protocols.
 A gateway may contain devices such as protocol translators, impedance matching devices,
rate converters, fault isolators, or signal translators as necessary to provide system
interoperability. It also requires the establishment of mutually acceptable administrative
procedures between both networks.
 A protocol translation/mapping gateway interconnects networks with different network
protocol technologies by performing the required protocol conversions.

PRE-LAB VIVA QUESTIONS.

1. What is the Difference between HUB and SWITCH ?

2. Difference between Physical Address and Logical Address.

3. What do u mean by NIC (Network Interface Card) ?

 4. What do u mean by Gateway ?

5. What is Router? Explain components of Routers.

POST-LAB VIVA QUESTIONS.

1. What are switches? Explain the concepts of Layer-3 switches.
2. What is an application gateway?
3. Explain Circuit Level Gateway.
4. What is VPN?

5. Which device is used MAC address.

 EXPERIMENT- 5

Aim: To study basic network command and Network configure local area net using
switch and PC's.
Apparatus (Software): Command Prompt And Packet Tracer.

Procedure: To do this EXPERIMENT- follows these steps:

In this EXPERIMENT- students have to understand basic networking commands e.g ping, tracert
etc.

All commands related to Network configuration which includes how to switch to privilege mode
and normal mode and how to configure router interface and how to save this configuration to flash
memory or permanent memory.
This commands includes

 IP Commands to LAN network.

 Other IP Commands e.g. show ip route etc.

PING:
ping(8) sends an ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packet to the specified host. If the host responds, you
get an ICMP packet back. Sound strange? Well, you can “ping” an IP address to see if a machine is
alive. If there is no response, you know something is wrong..
PRE-LAB VIVA QUESTIONS.

1. What is PING Utility ?

2. What is the TTL (Time to Live)? Why is it required?
3. What are Ping and Tracert?
4. What is PPP protocol? Explain PPP packet format.
5. Explain the concept and capabilities of Unicast IP Addresses.?

POST-LAB VIVA QUESTIONS.

1. What is SIP?
2. Difference between communication and transmission ?
3. What is passive topology
4. What are major types of networks and explain
5. What are the possible ways of data exchange?
 EXPERIMENT-6

Aim: To Configure a Network topology using packet tracer software to connect

router to switch in LAN.

Apparatus (Software): Packet tracer Software

Procedure: To implement this practical following network topology Is required to be

configured using the commands learned in previous practical.

After configuring the given network a packet should be ping from any one machine to
another.

Router0 Configuration Command :.........

Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: no
Press RETURN to get started! Router>
Router>Enable Router#config
t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname router0
router0(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
router0(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
router0(config-if)#description router0 fastethernet 0/0
router0(config-if)#no

shutdown
%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceFastEthernet0/0,changedstatetoup
router0(config-if)#exit
router0(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1
router0(config-if)#description router0 fastethernet 0/1
router0(config-if)#no shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceFastEthernet0/1,changedstatetoup
router0(config-if)#exit

router0(config)#exit

%SYS-5-CONFIG_I:Configuredfromconsolebyconsole
router0#showrunning-config
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 437 bytes

!
version 12.4
no service password-encryption
!
hostname router0
!
!
!
!
ip ssh version 1
!
!
interface FastEthernet0/0 description
router0 fastethernet 0/0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto speed
auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1 description
router0 fastethernet 0/1 no ip address
duplex auto
speed auto
!

interface Vlan1
no ip address
shutdown
!
ip classless
!
!
!
!
!
line con 0
line vty 0 4
login
!
!
end
router0#
router0#
router0#copy running-config startup-
config Destination filename [startup-
config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]
router0#wr
PRE-LAB VIVA QUESTIONS.

1. What is the difference between Switch, Routers, and Hub?

2. What is a Switch and why we are using Switches?
3. What is Half-duplex and Full-duplex?
4. What is the difference between Unicast, Multicast, Broadcast, and
Anycast?
5. Difference between Physical Address and Logical Address ?

POST-LAB VIVA QUESTIONS.

1. What is the TTL (Time to Live)? Why is it required?

2. What are switches? Explain the concepts of Layer-3 switches.
3. What is an application gateway?
4. Explain Circuit Level Gateway.