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TD Worksheet 1

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29 views6 pages

TD Worksheet 1

Uploaded by

murtessaahmed9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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0. Water vapor initially at 3 MPa and 300oC (state 1) is contained within piston cylinder assembly.

The water is cooled at constant volume until the temperature reaches 200 OC (State 2). The
water is compressed isothermally to a state when pressure 2.5 MPa (state 3).
(a) Locate state 1, 2 and 3 on T-v and P-v diagram.
(b) Determine specific volume at state 1, 2 and 3 and
(c) Determine the quality at state 2.

1. 3 kg of air at 1.5 bar pressure and 77°C temperature at state 1 is


compressed polytropically to state 2 at pressure 7.5 bar, index
of compression being 1.2. It is then cooled at constant
temperature to its original state 1. Find the net work done and
heat transferred.

2. A vessel having a volume of 5 m3 contains 0.05 m3 of saturated liquid


water and 4.95 m3 of saturated water vapor at 0.1 MPa. Heat is
transferred until the vessel is filled with saturated vapor. Determine
the heat transfer for this process.

3. A cylinder fitted with a piston has a volume of 0.1 m3 and contains 0.5 kg of steam at 0.4 MPa.
Heat is transferred to the steam until the temperature is 300◦C, while the pressure remains
constant. Determine the heat transfer and the work for this process.

4. A rigid tank contains a hot fluid that is cooled while being stirred by a paddle wheel. Initially,
the internal energy of the fluid is 800 kJ. During the cooling process, the fluid loses 500 kJ of
heat, and the paddle wheel does 100 kJ of work on the fluid. Determine the final internal energy
of the fluid. Neglect the energy stored in the paddle wheel.
5. An insulated piston–cylinder device contains 5 L of saturated
liquid water at a constant pressure of 175 kPa. Water is stirred by
a paddle wheel while a current of 8 A flows for 45 min through a
resistor placed in the water. If one-half of the liquid is evaporated
during this constant pressure process and the paddle-wheel work
amounts to 400 kJ, determine the voltage of the source. Also, show
the process on a P-v diagram with respect to saturation lines.

6. Warm air is contained in a piston–cylinder assembly oriented horizontally as shown. The air
cools slowly from an initial volume of 0.003 m3 to a final volume of 0.002 m3. During the
process, the spring exerts a force that varies linearly from an initial value of 900 N to a final
value of zero. The atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa, and the area of the piston face is 0.018 m2.
Friction between the piston and the cylinder wall can be neglected. For the air, determine the
initial and final pressures, in kPa, and the work, in kJ.

7. A piston–cylinder device initially contains steam at 200 kPa, 200°C,


and 0.5 m3. At this state, a linear spring (F ⋉ x) is touching the piston
but exerts no force on it. Heat is now slowly transferred to the steam,
causing the pressure and the volume to rise to 500 kPa and 0.6 m3,
respectively. Show the process on a P-v diagram with respect to
saturation lines and determine
(a) The final temperature,
(b) The work done by the steam, and
(c) The total heat transferred.
8. Air enters an adiabatic nozzle steadily at 300 kPa, 200°C, and
30 m/s and leaves at 100 kPa and 180 m/s. The inlet area of
the nozzle is 80 cm2. Determine
(a) The mass flow rate through the nozzle,
(b) The exit temperature of the air, and
(c) The exit area of the nozzle.

9. A hair dryer is basically a duct in which a few layers of electric resistors are placed. A small
fan pulls the air in and forces it through the resistors where it is heated. Air enters a 1200-W
hair dryer at 100 kPa and 22°C and leaves at 47°C. The cross-sectional area of the hair dryer
at the exit is 60 cm2. Neglecting the power consumed by the fan and the heat losses through
the walls of the hair dryer, determine
(a) The volume flow rate of air at the inlet and
(b) The velocity of the air at the exit.

10. A saturated liquid–vapor mixture of water, called wet steam, in a steam line at 1500 kPa is
throttled to 50 kPa and 100°C. What is the quality in the steam line?

11. A hot-water stream at 80°C enters a mixing chamber with a mass flow rate of 0.5 kg/s where
it is mixed with a stream of cold water at 20°C. If it is desired that the mixture leave the
chamber at 42°C, determine the mass flow rate of the cold-water stream. Assume all the
streams are at a pressure of 250 kPa.
12. At the inlet to a certain nozzle the enthalpy of fluid passing is 2800 kJ/kg, and the velocity is
50 m/s. At the discharge end the enthalpy is 2600 kJ/kg. The nozzle is horizontal and there is
negligible heat loss from it.
(a) Find the velocity at exit of the nozzle.
(b) If the inlet area is 900 cm2and the specific volume at inlet is 0.187 m3/kg, find the mass
flow rate.
(c) If the specific volume at the nozzle exit is 0.498 m3/kg, find the exit area of nozzle.

13. Air at a temperature of 20°C passes through a heat exchanger at a velocity of 40 m/s where its
temperature is raised to 820°C. It then enters a turbine with same velocity of 40 m/s and
expands till the temperature falls to 620°C. On leaving the turbine, the air is taken at a velocity
of 55 m/s to a nozzle where it expands until the temperature has fallen to 510°C. If the air flow
rate is 2.5 kg/s, calculate
(a) Rate of heat transfer to the air in the heat exchanger
(b) The power output from the turbine assuming no heat loss
(c) The velocity at exit from the nozzle, assuming no heat loss.

Take the enthalpy of air as h = CpT, where Cp is the specific heat equal to 1.005 kJ/kg°C and t the
temperature.
14. Steam is to be condensed in the condenser of a steam power plant at a temperature of 50°C
with cooling water from a nearby lake, which enters the tubes of the condenser at 18°C at a
rate of 101 kg/s and leaves at 27°C. Determine the rate of condensation of the steam in the
condenser.

15. A rigid, insulated tank that is initially evacuated is connected through a


valve to a supply line that carries steam at 1 MPa and 300°C. Now the
valve is opened, and steam is allowed to flow slowly into the tank until
the pressure reaches 1 MPa, at which point the valve is closed. Determine
the final temperature of the steam in the tank.

16. An insulated 8-m3 rigid tank contains air at 600 kPa and 400 K. A valve connected to the tank
is now opened, and air is allowed to escape until the pressure inside drops to 200 kPa. The air
temperature during the process is maintained constant by an electric resistance heater placed
in the tank. Determine the electrical energy supplied to air during this process.
The gas constant of air is R = 0.287 kPa·m3/kg·K, The enthalpy and internal energy of air at 400 K are h = 400.98 kJ/kg and u
=286.16 kJ/kg

17. A balloon initially contains 40 m3 of helium gas at atmospheric conditions


of 100 kPa and 17°C. The balloon is connected by a valve to a large
reservoir that supplies helium gas at 125 kPa and 25°C. Now the valve is
opened, and helium is allowed to enter the balloon until pressure
equilibrium with the helium at the supply line is reached. The material of
the balloon is such that its volume increases linearly with pressure. If no
heat transfer takes place during this process, determine the final
temperature in the balloon.

18. A piston–cylinder device initially contains 0.6 kg of steam with a volume of 0.1 m3. The mass
of the piston is such that it maintains a constant pressure of 800 kPa. The cylinder is connected
through a valve to a supply line that carries steam at 5 MPa and 500°C. Now the valve is
opened and steam is allowed to flow slowly into the cylinder
until the volume of the cylinder doubles and the temperature in
the cylinder reaches 250°C, at which point the valve is closed.
Determine (a) the mass of steam that has entered and (b) the
amount of heat transfer.

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