NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

JAMSHEDPUR

ASSIGNMENT OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

SUBMITTED BY KUMAR APPU

REGISTRATION NO. – 2021UGCE044
COURSE CODE – CE1743

SUBMITTED TO RESPECTED
DR. PRAHLAD PRASAD SIR
Introduction
The Viksit Bharat Programme represents India's ambitious vision of transforming into a
developed nation by 2047, coinciding with the centenary of its independence. It emphasizes
inclusive, sustainable, and technology-driven growth to elevate the country across economic,
social, and environmental dimensions. This initiative aligns with Prime Minister Narendra
Modi's call for Amrit Kaal, a 25-year roadmap (2022-2047) for national transformation.

Key Objectives of the Viksit Bharat Programme

1. Economic Growth and Global Competitiveness
o Strengthen India’s position as the world’s third-largest economy.
o Boost manufacturing under initiatives like Make in India and enhance export
capabilities.
2. Sustainable Development
o Achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2070 through investments in renewable
energy and green technologies.
o Promote sustainable urbanization and infrastructure.
3. Social Inclusivity and Equity
o Eradicate poverty and uplift marginalized communities.
o Ensure access to education, healthcare, and basic amenities for all.
4. Technological Leadership
o Establish India as a global hub for innovation, AI, and digital services.
o Drive advancements in digital infrastructure and connectivity through
initiatives like Digital India.
5. Global Leadership
o Strengthen India's role in global governance, including G20, BRICS, and other
multilateral forums.
o Expand soft power through culture, technology, and diplomacy.

Issues in Infrastructure Development

1. Funding Constraints:
o Large-scale projects require significant capital, which can strain public
resources.
 o Reliance on private-public partnerships (PPPs) is often hindered by regulatory
and operational challenges.
2. Urban-Rural Divide:
o Urban areas see faster development, while rural regions lag in basic
infrastructure like roads, electricity, and healthcare.
o Bridging this gap is critical to equitable growth.
3. Environmental Concerns:
o Infrastructure projects often lead to deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and
pollution.
o Balancing growth with sustainability is a key challenge.
4. Regulatory Hurdles:
o Bureaucratic delays, land acquisition issues, and lack of coordination among
agencies slow down project execution.
5. Technological Gaps:
o Adoption of advanced technologies like AI, IoT, and smart infrastructure is
limited due to lack of expertise and investment.
6. Social Inclusivity:
o Ensuring that infrastructure benefits marginalized communities, such as tribal
populations, is an ongoing challenge.
7. Climate Resilience:
o India's infrastructure often faces vulnerabilities to floods, earthquakes, and
other natural disasters.
Opportunities in Infrastructure Development
1. Economic Growth Driver:
o Robust infrastructure, including roads, ports, and energy systems, boosts
productivity and attracts foreign investment.
o Key sectors like manufacturing, logistics, and tourism thrive with better
connectivity.
2. Technological Integration:
o Adoption of smart city technologies can improve urban planning, waste
management, and public transportation.
o Initiatives like 5G rollouts will enhance digital connectivity.
3. Green Infrastructure:
o Investment in renewable energy, electric mobility, and eco-friendly buildings
aligns with India's sustainability goals.
o Initiatives like the National Hydrogen Mission can position India as a global
leader in clean energy.
4. Make in India & Self-Reliance:
o Infrastructure projects under Aatmanirbhar Bharat can reduce import
dependencies and boost domestic industries.
5. Regional Connectivity:
o Development of highways, rail corridors, and inland waterways will enhance
trade within India and with neighboring countries.
o Initiatives like the Sagarmala and Bharatmala projects can transform India's
logistics landscape.
6. Job Creation:
o Infrastructure projects generate employment opportunities across skill levels,
driving social and economic development.
7. International Collaboration:
o Partnerships with countries like Japan (for bullet trains) and investments under
initiatives like G20’s Global Infrastructure Facility enhance capabilities and
funding.
8. Digital Transformation:
o Expansion of digital infrastructure such as data centers and fiber optic
networks strengthens India’s IT and innovation ecosystem.
Strategies to Harness Opportunities and Overcome
Challenges
• Policy Reforms: Simplify regulatory processes, enhance transparency, and streamline
land acquisition laws.
• Sustainability Focus: Prioritize green projects and enforce environmental
regulations.
• Public-Private Partnerships: Foster collaboration with private players to leverage
expertise and resources.
• Capacity Building: Invest in skill development for implementing advanced
technologies in infrastructure.
• Decentralized Planning: Empower local governments to drive region-specific
projects.
• Disaster-Resilient Design: Build infrastructure with long-term climate
considerations.
• Clean Energy: Promote solar, wind, and hydro energy projects to reduce dependence
on fossil fuels.
• Afforestation: Undertake large-scale tree plantation drives and conserve biodiversity
hotspots.
• Waste Management: Implement effective solid and liquid waste management
systems across urban and rural area.
• Universal Healthcare: Strengthen public health systems with a focus on affordability
and accessibility.
• Telemedicine: Expand telehealth services to reach underserved areas.
• Preventive Care: Launch campaigns for nutrition, sanitation, and vaccination to
reduce disease burden.
• E-Governance: Enhance digital services for transparency and ease of access to
government schemes.
• Citizen Participation: Foster community involvement through awareness programs
and participatory governance.
• Decentralization: Empower local governments with resources and autonomy
Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra
Infrastructure development examples in Viksit Bharat
Programme

1. Transportation Infrastructure
a) Bharatmala Pariyojana
• Objective: Develop a national highway network for better connectivity across the
country.
• Scope: Construction of 34,800 km of highways, including economic corridors,
expressways, and border roads.
• Impact: Reduced travel time, improved trade routes, and enhanced rural connectivity.
b) Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFCs)
• Objective: Build freight-specific railway corridors to boost cargo movement.
• Examples: Eastern and Western DFCs, spanning over 3,360 km.
• Impact: Reduced logistics costs and faster freight movement.
c) Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS)
• Example: Delhi-Meerut RRTS corridor.
• Impact: High-speed regional connectivity, reducing commute time significantly.
d) Chardham Project
• Objective: All-weather roads to improve access to Himalayan shrines.
• Impact: Promotes religious tourism and ensures year-round connectivity.
2. Urban Infrastructure
a) Smart Cities Mission
• Objective: Develop 100 smart cities with advanced urban planning and digital
infrastructure.
• Features: Smart traffic management, digital governance, waste management, and
green spaces.
• Examples: Pune, Bhopal, and Bhubaneswar are emerging as smart city models.
b) Metro Rail Expansion
• Examples: Mumbai Metro, Bengaluru Metro (Namma Metro), and Ahmedabad
Metro.
• Impact: Improved urban mobility and reduced traffic congestion.
c) Affordable Housing under PMAY (Urban)
• Objective: Provide affordable housing to urban poor.
• Achievements: Over 3 crore houses sanctioned under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana.
3. Rural Infrastructure
a) Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
• Objective: Provide all-weather roads to rural areas.
• Impact: Increased rural connectivity and integration with markets and services.
b) Digital Village Programme
• Example: Establishing internet access and digital services in villages.
• Impact: Bridging the digital divide and fostering rural entrepreneurship.
c) Rural Electrification
• Example: Saubhagya Scheme (Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana).
• Impact: 100% village electrification achieved in 2018.
4. Energy and Power Infrastructure
a) Renewable Energy Expansion
• Examples: Solar parks in Bhadla (Rajasthan) and Pavagada (Karnataka).
• Impact: India targets 500 GW of renewable energy capacity by 2030.
b) Ujjwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana (UDAY)
• Objective: Financial turnaround of power distribution companies.
• Impact: Improved electricity availability and reduced losses.
c) Hydropower Projects
• Examples: Dibang Hydropower Project in Arunachal Pradesh.
• Impact: Clean energy generation and enhanced energy security.
5. Port and Waterways Infrastructure
a) Sagarmala Programme
• Objective: Develop ports and promote coastal economic zones.
• Examples: Modernization of Kandla, Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT).
• Impact: Boost to maritime trade and coastal community livelihoods.
b) Inland Waterways
• Examples: National Waterway-1 (Ganga), National Waterway-2 (Brahmaputra).
 • Impact: Low-cost, eco-friendly cargo and passenger transportation.
6. Healthcare Infrastructure
a) Ayushman Bharat - Health and Wellness Centers
• Objective: Establish 1.5 lakh centers for primary healthcare.
• Impact: Accessible healthcare in rural and underserved areas.
b) AIIMS Expansion
• Examples: New AIIMS institutions in states like Jharkhand and Punjab.
• Impact: Specialized healthcare services and medical education.
7. Digital and Communication Infrastructure
a) Digital India Initiative
• Objective: Digitize governance, expand broadband access, and promote digital
literacy.
• Examples: BharatNet for rural broadband connectivity.
• Impact: Internet access in over 2.5 lakh gram panchayats.
b) 5G Rollout
• Objective: Enable high-speed internet for industries, education, and healthcare.
• Impact: Boost innovation in IoT, AI, and automation.
8. Industrial and Economic Corridors
a) Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC)
• Objective: Create industrial zones with world-class infrastructure.
• Impact: Boost manufacturing, job creation, and exports.
b) Amritsar-Kolkata Industrial Corridor
• Scope: Promote regional economic development along the corridor.
9. Tourism and Cultural Infrastructure
a) PRASAD Scheme
• Objective: Develop pilgrimage and heritage sites.
• Examples: Varanasi, Kedarnath redevelopment projects.
• Impact: Promote cultural tourism and preserve heritage.
b) Eco-Tourism
• Examples: Forest reserves in Madhya Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
• Impact: Sustainable tourism and conservation efforts.
Conclusion
The conclusion of the Viksit Bharat Programme highlights its vision of transforming India
into a developed nation by 2047. This program emphasizes creating a sustainable and
inclusive growth model that bridges socio-economic divides, accelerates innovation, and
ensures equitable access to opportunities for all citizens.
Key points typically emphasized in such conclusions include:
1. Empowerment through Education and Skill Development:
o Fostering high-quality education systems, vocational training, and digital
literacy to build a future-ready workforce.
2. Economic Growth and Infrastructure:
o Strengthening industries, fostering entrepreneurship, and investing in cutting-
edge infrastructure to support a robust economy.
3. Social Inclusion and Equity:
o Bridging the urban-rural divide, empowering marginalized communities, and
promoting gender equality.
4. Technological Advancement:
o Leveraging AI, machine learning, and other frontier technologies to enhance
governance, healthcare, and productivity.
5. Global Leadership:
o Positioning India as a key player in global decision-making, climate action,
and international trade.
6. Sustainability:
o Focusing on renewable energy, waste management, and sustainable agriculture
to ensure environmental preservation.
The program envisions a participatory approach where government, private sectors, and
citizens collaborate to create a prosperous and resilient India.