A

Training Report
On
“STAAD PRO”
Submitted in Partial fulfillment of the Requirements
For the award of Degree of

BACHELOR OF
TECHNOLOGY IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING

Submitted By:
Mukul Saini
(18EMCCE041)
B.Tech. 6th Sem., Civil Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

MODERN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH
CENTRE, ALWAR
BIKANER TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, BIKANER
 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the training entitled “SIX WEEK SOFTWARE TRAINING ON STAAD
PRO” is done by Mr. MUKUL SAINI (18EMCCE041) in the partial fulfillment of the training
after 6th semester for Bachelors of Technology in Modern Institute of Technology & Research
Centre, Alwar affiliated by Bikaner Technical University, Bikaner. It is certified that all
corrections/suggestions indicated for training report have been incorporated in the report
deposited in the department. The training report has been approved as it satisfies the academic in
respect of the training prescribed for the Bachelor of Technology degree by Bikaner Technical
University, Bikaner.

Signature of HOD
Mr. Naresh Aggarwal

Training In-charge:

Name Signature

Mr. Biki Kumar Das

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks and gratitude to all those who have been
kind enough to guide when needed which has led to the successful completion of the training.

I would like to convey my immense gratitude to Mr. Naresh Aggarwal, Professor and Head of
Department of Civil Engineering, Modern Institute of Technology & Research Centre, Alwar,
for his continuous support and encouragement which enabled me to come up with this training
and also thank him for providing the right ambience for carrying out the same.

I extend my thanks to my Training In-charge Mr. Biki Kumar Das, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, Modern Institute of Technology & Research Centre, Alwar, for
his guidance and suggestions for successful completion of my Six Week Software Training On
STAAD Pro.

I extend my gratitude to all the teaching and the non-teaching staff members of the Department
of Civil Engineering who rendered their valuable time for successful completion of this seminar.

MUKUL SAINI
(18EMCCE041)
 CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................5
2. STRUCTURE.................................................................................................7
3. ANALYSIS OF A G+2 BUILDING..............................................................8
4. ASSUMPTION..............................................................................................13
5. LIST OF SYMBOL USED............................................................................15
6. LOADING......................................................................................................17
7. ANALYSIS PROCEDURE............................................................................24
8. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS....................................................................29
9. CONCLUSION................................................................................................31
10. FUTURE IMPLEMENTS...............................................................................32
11. REFERENCES................................................................................................33

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1. INTRODCTION

STAAD PRO is a structural analysis and design computer program originally developed by
Research Engineers International in CA. In late 2005, Research Engineer International was
bought by Bentley Systems. STAAD PRO features state of the art user interface,
visualization tools, powerful analysisand design engines with advanced finite element (FEM)
and dynamic analysis capabilities. From model generation, analysis and design to
visualization and result verification STAAD PRO is the professional first choice. STAAD
PRO was developed by practicing engineers around the globe. It has evolved over 20 years
and meets the requirements of ISO 9001 certification.

 Features of STAAD PRO

 "Concurrent Engineering" based user environment for model development, analysis,
design,visualization and verification.
 Object-oriented intuitive 2D/3D graphic model generation.

 Pull down menus, floating toolbars, and tool tip help.

 Flexible Zoom and multiple views.

 Isometric and perspective views 3D shapes.

 Built-in Command File Editor.

 Simple Command Language.

 Graphics/Text input generation.

 State-of-the-art Graphical Pre and Post Processor.

 Rectangular/Cylindrical Coordinate Systems.

 Joint, Member/Element, Mesh Generation with flexible user-controlled

numbering.
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  Efficient algorithm minimizes disk space requirements.

 FPS, Metric or SI units.

 Presentation quality printer plots of Geometry and Results as part of run output.

 Compatible with Win95/98/NT.

 On-line manual and context sensitive help.

 SCOPE OF THE TRAINING

STAAD PRO training plays a vital role in structural development and design for the civil
engineers. In this new era of competitive world, we need to be aware of new software and
technology. The main objective of this training is to give thecomplete knowledge of the
software to the student and to make the students expert in this software and ready to take
any structure for analysis. The training could help students to learn the concept of software
just by sitting at home and not going to any training center. This training program played a
very important role for students specially in this pandemic situation. It also aims for the
students to be ready when they go to any company as structural engineers.

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2. STRUCTURE

A STRUCTURE can be defined as an assemblage of elements. STAAD is capable of

analyzing and designing structuresconsisting of both frame, and Finite elements. Almost
any type of structure can be analyzed by STAAD.

Frame elements - Beam elements - 2 nodes Finite

elements 1.) Plate - 3 or 4 nodes

2.) Solid - 4 to 8 nodes

In case of STAAD - Node becomes

Joint It has a number and xyz
coordinates
Beam becomes Member it has a number and nodes at its ends.
Plate becomes Element it has a number and node at its
corners.

 TYPES OF STRUCTURE

 A TRUSS structure consists of truss members which can have only axial member
forces and no bending in the members.
 A PLANE structure is bound by a global X-Y coordinate system with loads in the
same plane.
 A SPACE structure, which is a three dimensional framed structure with loads applied
in any plane, is the most general.
 A FLOOR structure is a two or three dimensional structure having no horizontal
(global X or Z) movement of the structure [FX, FZ & FY are restrained at every joint).
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Then floor framing (in global X-Z plane) of abuilding is an ideal.

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3. ANALYSIS OF A G+2 BUILDING

METHODOLOGY

i. Reading the Architectural Building

The first step in our process will be reading the plan that has provided to us by the
architect. From this reading process wewill get all the informations such as number of
storeys, number of bays, loadings, etc.

ii. Modelling the Structure

The G+2 building is modelled usingthe Structure Wizard inside STAADPro according
to the plan of the building. The building model has been provided below.

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Fig. : Model of the structure
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iii. Member Property Specifications

The sizes of the members such as beams, columns and slabs are measured from the
architect plan. In case if the plan is notgiven we have to do preliminary design to get
the sizes of beams, columns and slab. And then the sizes has to be defined in the
software and finally we have to assigned it in the structure.

Member Section Dimensions (ft)

Beam 1.00 x 1.00

Column 1.16 x 0.75

Slab thickness 120

Wall thickness 110

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 Fig2: Software view of section property

iv. Load Applications

For the analysis of the structure, an auto load combination is generated and has been
applied and the various loads aredescribed in Chapter 6.

v. Support Conditions

The support condition of the structure is assigned as fixed for our structure. According
to the structure we have to givesuitable support condition.

Fig 3: Different s[u11p]port

vi. Design

A structure has to be designed to carry loads acting on it considering a certain factor of

safety.
In India structures are designed by using various Indian codes for both concrete and
steel structures. The design in STAAD Pro supports over 70 international codes and
over 20
U.S. codes in 7 languages.
After designing the structure it is again analyzed and results of analysis for each beam
and column is shown in the outputfile.
Using M20 grade of concrete and Fe415 grade of steel for beams, columns and slabs.
All the design codes are entered intothe software. IS456 is used for concrete design and
IS800 LSD is used for steel design.

vii. Analysis of the RCC Framed Structure

Analysis is very important step. All the errors in our input process will be shown in this
process. Analysis procedure of the structure is explained in details in chapter 7.

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4. ASSUMPTIONS

 Assumptions and Notations Used

The notations adopted throughout the work are same IS-456-2000.

 Assumptions in Design

Using partial safety factor for loads in accordance with clause 36.4 of IS-456-2000 as

𝒀𝒕 =1.5

Partial safety factor for material in accordance with clause 36.4.2 is IS-456-2000 is
taken as 1.5 for concrete and 1.15 forsteel.
Using partial safety factors in accordance with clause 36.4 of IS-456-2000 combination
of load.
D.L + L.L. 1.5
D.L + L.L + W.L 1.2

 Density of Materials Used

Plain concrete - 24.0KN/m

Reinforced - 25.0KN/m
Flooring material (c.m.) -
20.0KN/m Brick masonry -
19.0KN/m
Fly ash - 5.0KN/m

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 DEAD LOADS: In accordance with IS. 875-86

Dead load on slabs 2.5 KN/m2

Dead load on stairs 3.58 KN/m

 LIVE LOADS: In accordance with IS. 875-86

Live load on slabs 2.5 KN/m2

Live load on stairs 2.42 KN/m

 Assumptions Regarding Design

 Slab is assumed to be continuous over interior support and partially

fixed on edges, due to monolithic construction and due to
construction of walls over it.

 Beams are assumed to be continuous over interior support and

they frame in to the column atends. Assumptions on design:-

1) M20 grade is used in designing unless specified.

2) For steel Fe 415 is used for the main reinforcement.

3) For steel Fe 415 and steel is used for the distribution reinforcement.

4) Mild steel Fe 230 is used for shear reinforcement.

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5. LIST OF SYMBOLS USED

The following symbols have been used in our project and its meaning is clearly mentioned
respective to it:

A - Area

Ast - Area of steel

B - Breadth of beam or shorter dimension of rectangularcolumn D - Overall depth of

beam or slab

DL - Dead load

d' - effective depth of slab or beam D - overall depth of beam orsla

𝑀𝑢(max) - moment of resistance factor

𝐹𝑐𝑘-Characteristic compressive strength

𝐹𝑦 - characteristic strength of of steel

𝐿𝑑 - development lengthLL - live load

𝐿𝑋 - length of shorter side of slab

𝐿𝑦 - length of longer side of slab

B.M. - bending moment

𝑀𝑈 - factored bending moment

𝑀𝑑 - design moment

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𝑀𝑓 - modification factor

𝑀𝑋 - mid span bending moment along short span

𝑀𝑦 - mid span bending moment along longer span

𝑀′𝑋 - support bending moment along short span

𝑀′𝑦 - support bending moment along longer span

𝑃 𝑡- percentage of

steel W - total design

load

𝑊𝑑 - factored load

𝑇𝑐(𝑚𝑎𝑥) -maximum shear stress in concrete with shear

𝑇𝐶 - shear stress in concrete

𝑇𝑉- nominal shear stressΦ - diameter of bar

𝑃𝑈 - factored axial load

𝑀𝑈(𝑙𝑖𝑚)-limiting moment of resistance of a section without compression reinforcement

𝑀𝑈𝑋, 𝑀𝑈𝑌 - moment about X and Y axis due to design loads.

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6. LOADINGS

 Seismic Load

Seismic loads are the loads generated to the structure due to effect of earthquake. It is a
lateral force. This is the first loadwhich we have to assign in the software

Fig. 4 – Seismic definition

 Dead Load

Dead load on a structure is the result of the weight of the permanent components such
the roof, floor, wall, and foundationsystems, including claddings, finishes and fixed
equipment. These components will produce the same constant 'dead' load during the
lifespan of the building. Dead loads are exerted in the vertical plane.

Dead loads considered in the model consists of self-weight of the members, load of
partition walls and floor loads.

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 Live Load

Live loads (also known as applied or imposed loads, or variable actions) may vary over
time and often result from the occupancy of a structure. Typical live loads may include
people, the action of wind on an elevation, furniture, vehicles, theweight of the books
in a library and so on.

According to IS 875 (Part 2) 1987, for a residential building the live load is considered
as 2kN/m3. The live load is added in STAAD Pro in the form of floor load.

Fig. 5 - Assigning of live load

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 Self Weight

Self-weight refers to the own weight of body, due to the mass present in it. In
STAADPro we can directly add the self- weight by selecting the whole structure and
simply specifying the direction of force. It is a dead load.

 Load of walls

Walls are assumed to consists of common burnt clay bricks of 110 mm thickness
conforming to IS 1077-1992.

The weight of wall added in the software is in the form of uniformly distributed load
and is given to the beams under therespective wall.

Weight of wall = Unit weight of brick x (Wall Height x Thickness)- sizes of doors and
windows and this weight has to beassigned in the structure.

Fig. 6 - Defining wall loads

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 Load on landing beam of staircase

The loads carried by the landing beam of the staircase is calculated as shown below and
then applied in the respective landing beams of the structure as uniformly distributed
loads just like how we have done in wall loads. The calculationshown below is a
sample of staircase calculation we have done in our training structure.

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 Fig. 7 - Calculation of staircase and assigning the loads to building

 Floor Load

Slab load is calculated in the following way :

Slab load = thickness of slab× unit weight of concrete. Thickness of slab= 120mmSlab
load= 0.12 x 25= 3kN/m2
Then the load has to be assigned to the structure in the following way. Both the dead
and live loads should be assigned.

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 Fig. 8 - Defining and assigning floor loads

 Load Combinations

In order to maintain either serviceability and safety if all types of force would have
acted on all structures at all times, weuse a factored load combination. It can be either
calculated manually and assigned to the structure or we can generate an auto load
combination through the software according to the code we used.

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Fig. 9 - Auto load combination generate

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7. ANALYSIS PROCEDURE

1) Starting up STAAD Pro and using the Structure Wizard to model the structure
according to the plan and elevation given in Fig below.

Fig. 10 - Structure model

2) Assigning the supports as fixed supports according to our structure.

3) Defining and assigning the geometric sections of beams, columns and slabs.

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 Fig. 11 - Defining section properties

4) Defining Dead load and live load cases in the “Load and Definitions” tab.

Fig. 12- Live and dead load

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5) A load combination is also defined.
STAAD Pro allows users to import the respective design codes for the region. With this the
software designs, analysesand gives the steel detailing of the members.
We select our codes for concrete and steel and define the parameters like grade of
concrete, grade of steel etc. as shown inFigure 13 and Figure 14.

Fig. 13 Fig. 14

Fig. 15 - Result of beam by software

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 6) Now we select the “Analysis and Print” tab and proceed to analyze the structure.

7) After the successful analysis with zero errors and warnings. We proceed to the “Post
Processing” mode where we canview all the bending diagrams, axial force
diagrams, shear force diagrams and so on. The following figure is how the Bending
Moment, Shear Force and Axil Force looks like

Fig. 16 - Bending Moment Diagram Fig. 17 - Shear Force Diagram

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 Fig. 18 - Axial Force Diagram

Even though the software itself can do design and detailing process, we do not prefer the design
given by the software since it is not economical and we can’t get what we like. For this reason
after we got the software output again we need todo manual design to get our desired result.

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8. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

STAAD pro is a very good software which reduces our work. If there is no software like
STAAD pro the work of civil engineers will still be very tough. If all the calculations are
done by human hands then it will be very time consuming and also will lead to so many
mistakes since we are humans. Even though it is very helpful to us, the instructor doesn’t
want us to use the software in detailing because the result that we get from software is not
suitable or appropriate in field. In thiscase manual detailing is more economic and more
efficient. And also we cannot model staircase into the structure so the load id directly
giving to the landing beams. But it may not be the correct loads in case of load
distribution. The beams where staircase starts might also take some loads of the staircase.
Over all it has been a very important software to civil engineers.

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9. CONCLUSION

Designing using Softwares like STAAD reduces lot of time in design work.Details of each
and every member can be obtained using STAAD PRO.
All the List of failed beams can be obtained and also Better Section is given by the
software. Accuracy is Improved by using software.
The entire period of Software Training has given me good & important practical exposure
of construction work. At the end of the Software Training I feel myself better equipped
and ready to face the software problems related to Civil Engineering works. In these six
weeks, I have learnt how to deal with Authorities and workers under supervision and I
have become familiar with the fact that the actual designing work is much difficult from
theoretical knowledge. But untilyou don't have the theoretical knowledge, the practical
work is very difficult to carry- out and understand.

There are four basic phase of any project in civil engineering

era: Planning Designing Construction Maintenance

At the construction site we deal with the construction and maintenance phase of project
but by the means of softwaretraining we learn the initial two phase of project which are
Planning and designing.

Working with experienced structure designers has enhanced my technical skills to a great
extent for which I am grateful to them. Their professional approach towards work is
appreciable.

The training has provided me with much needed field exposure to ape up my thinking in a
better way as a professionalmaking me a lot more capable to face the challenges of life.

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10. FUTURE IMPLICATIONS

STAAD PRO is widely used by most of the organization for their construction needs.
Unfortunately, well skilled STAAD PRO engineers are very hard to search.
If we believe in the prediction of the industry experts then those students who will

be getting trained on STAAD PRO in the current and upcoming two years will have
bright and successful career ahead in thereal estate and construction domain.

By attending this training in STAAD PRO we were able to learn various features of
STAAD PRO which will be very helpful in the near future.

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11. REFERENCES

Theory of Structures by Ramamrutham for literature review on Kani's method. Theory of

structures by B.C. Punmia for literature on moment distribution method.

Reinforced concrete Structures by A.K. Jain and B.C. Punmia fordesign of beams,
columns and slab. 4.Fundamentals ofReinforced concrete structure by N. c. Sinha.

Code Books
1.IS 456-2000 code book for design of beams, columns and slabs 2.SP-16 for design of
columns.

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