waves -

I -
-
mechanical electromagnetic
waves waves
·
requires a medium ·
waves thatcan
to propagate propagate withouta
medium
Si
propagate:moving
*

can propagate in /through

* ↓
a medium transverse waves
Si

↓
Longitudinal

p-ositein
-> wave
oscillation
oscillation is parallel to the ·

direction ofenergy transfer

......
-
transverse wave
oscillation is perpendicular
to the direction the energy
energy
travels in.

EXAMPLES ofwaves: D
Electromagnetic: mech transverse:

visible light
radio waves
!
3 micro waves
> infrared radiation
c radiation
ultra violet
> x-rays
- gamma rays
- transverse

#
longitudinal
transverse
oscillation
I particles (up +
down)

en
ware -

BoundarieS
it
will: changes in:
-
reflect -
depth
-
transmit -
density
-
absorbed -
materials

depth density materials

boundaries
↓ ↓
-emeren
medium 1 medium mediums

Estammer
-- 1 =
election
wave strikes a boundary
and bounces back.

⑰rated
-

in the
&~

"sisayallre
~ i incident
=

r reflected
=

angle
&= of
incidence
A
B angle
=
at
B reflection
Boundary
AB:
imaginary
NL Normal line:
= line that
is perpendicular to
the boundary

Law orreflection
The angle ofincidence (i) is always
equal to the angle ofreflection (r)

i
-
r
= 1 Angle
=
 ;
Refraction ;
Bending ofa wave when moving
from one medium to another.
·
~"Change in -"matter in which a
direction" wave propagates"

low density (Air]

I
wave of
incidence
Refraction
[in]

#
lowp -> high p
I
I
- >R

A B

R
5
~

Refracted
wave [R]
high density (Glass]
i

E
-- highp - low p
" RC
A B

R
 👁

Defraction
s

it t
fibre optics diamonds

-
A
A
~
shiny-
** F

i
*
A
f

Diffraction
when a wave spreads outafter
passing thata gap, opening
11 I
S
III
........

.......

imme
......
sizeam IIII)
Biggestion biggeraction
-
size ofgap a diffraction

frequency

ins frequency a diffraction

 of
propertiesimage
an Lens diagrams:

E
upright bi bi
same size
virtual

- convexconcave
lens lens

convex lens? Concave lens?

N
low to low to

high**
>--
high to
I
10w
nigh -
----
7

high
---

5,.....
--
& to
--
Sl
~ n't low
*- fl > >
(f)
-

-------
- -

3
-
-
I
converging --------
> -
-
Diverging
"spread
--
out"
- -"Coming >

together" D

converging: Diverging:
coming together spreading out
objectbetween the lens and focal point

wit
properties of the image
·
Imaginary (not-reak
·
same side up (uprights
·
same side of the lens
·

enlarged
I

Objecto n the focal point

an
properties ofthe image
is ·
no image will form

Iz 2
Object
properties of the image
between opposite side of lens
·

I
F2 and 5 7
inverted
·

bigger

i
·

real image lines

·

I I I
> ⑧
 object on 2f
properties ofthe image

I
·
inverted
·
same size
real image (ies)

e
·

·
opposite side of lens

D I 25
·
Objectbeyond 2f
properties ofthe image
·
real
7
·

opposite side tiens

smaller
i
·

>
~inverted

I 2
N

28
i
-

between on focal between

lens and f point25 and f

imaginary no ·
Hal
·

upright image
·
inverted
·
same side,ens
·

opposite side
·
enlarged ·

enlarged
 "

-
7
·

upright
·

imaginary
·

diminished
·
same side is
D A

f 25

-
~ &

Slinky example?
gate
re
transverse wave longitudinal wave

e e->
-

push t
disturbance pull

10 wave travelling
=

perpendicular parallel
sound and hearing?
does sound travel faster in solidsor gases?

gases: solids:

Oz0x0= QQQQ:
-
takes longer for -
bump into each
particles to travel and other quickly
bump into each other -
more energy will
-

sound loses energy go around since it

so more energy will be lost as
doesn't
through gases
lost much energe

sound travels better it

at

thermal physic:
more heat during the day
coder during the night

ifyou cool a gas, the density

increases, sound travels better