Double Integrals over General Regions

In the previous section, we discussed double integrals over rectangles. Now suppose D is a region of more
general shape.
A plane region D is said to be of type I if it lies between the graphs of two continuous functions of x,
that is,
D = {(x, y) ∈ R2 | a ≤ x ≤ b, g1 (x) ≤ y ≤ g2 (x)}
where g1 (x) and g2 (x) are continuous on [a, b]. If f is continuous on a type I region D, then

ZZ Zb gZ2 (x)
f (x, y)dA = f (x, y)dydx
D a g1 (x)

ZZ
EXAMPLE: Find 3y 2 dA, D = {(x, y) | 1 ≤ x ≤ 2, 1 ≤ y ≤ x}.
D

Solution: We have
Z2 Zx Z2 Zx Z2 h
 
ZZ xi
3y 2 dA = 2 2
3y dydx =  3y dy  dx = y 3 dx
1
D 1 1 1 1 1

Z2
x3 − 13 dx


=
1

Z2
= (x3 − 1)dx
1

2
1
= x4 − x
4 1

1
= (24 − 14 ) − (2 − 1)
4
1
= (16 − 1) − 1
4
15
= −1
4
11
=
4

1
 ZZ
EXAMPLE: Find (3x − 2y)dA, where D is the region bounded by the parabolas y = x2 and y = 2 − x2 .
D

Solution: The parabolas intersect when

x2 = 2 − x2 =⇒ 2x2 = 2 =⇒ x2 = 1 =⇒ x = ±1

We have
Z 2
Z1 2−x Z 2
Z1 2−x
 
ZZ
(3x − 2y)dA = (3x − 2y)dydx =  (3x − 2y)dy  dx
D −1 x2 −1 x2

Z1  2−x2

2
= 3xy − y dx
x2
−1

Z1 


3x(2 − x2 ) − (2 − x2 )2 − 3x(x2 ) − (x2 )2 dx


=
−1

Z1
= (−6x3 + 4x2 + 6x − 4)dx
−1

1
3 4
= − x4 + x3 + 3x2 − 4x
2 3 −1
 
3 4 3 2
= − (1) + (1) + 3(1) − 4(1)
2 3
 
3 4 3 2
− − (−1) + (−1) + 3(−1) − 4(−1)
2 3
7 25
=− −
6 6
32
=−
6
16
=−
3

2
We also consider plane regions of type II, which can be expressed as

D = {(x, y) ∈ R2 | c ≤ y ≤ d, h1 (y) ≤ x ≤ h2 (y)}

where h1 (y) and h2 (y) are continuous on [c, d]. If f is continuous on a type II region D, then

ZZ Zd hZ2 (y)
f (x, y)dA = f (x, y)dxdy
D c h1 (y)

√
ZZ
EXAMPLE: Find 3y 2 cos(x + y 3 )dA, R = {(x, y) | 0 ≤ y ≤ 3
π, 0 ≤ x ≤ y 3 }
R

Solution: We have
√
ZZ Z3 πZy3
3y 2 cos(x + y 3 )dA = 3y 2 cos(x + y 3 )dxdy
R 0 0
√  
Z3 π Zy3
2 3
=  3y cos(x + y )dx dy
 

0 0

√  3 
Z3 π Zy
= 3y 2  cos(x + y 3 )dx dy
 

0 0

√
Z3 π 
y3

2
= 3y sin(x + y 3 ) dy
0
0
√
Z3 π
3y 2 sin(y 3 + y 3 ) − sin(y 3 ) dy


=
0
√
Z3 π
3y 2 sin(2y 3 ) − 3y 2 sin(y 3 ) dy


=
0
√
3 π
1
= − cos(2y 3 ) + cos(y 3 )
2 0
   
1 1 3 3
= − cos(2π) + cos(π) − − cos(2(0) ) + cos(0 )
2 2
1 1
= − (1) + (−1) + (1) − 1
2 2
= −2