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Measurements

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15 views

Measurements

Uploaded by

fatomaaahmed2003
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‫لللةلةنق‬

Suez University
Faculty of Technology and Education

Operation Technology

Report on:
Measurements

Dr. EL-Shafiy Ahmed

Name: Youssef Salah El-Din Mohamed


1. What is the Meaning of Measurement Process?
• It is a measurement process in which the dimension to be
measured is determined using a measuring device.

2. What is the Meaning of Direct and indirect Measurement?

• Direct Measurement: To determine the dimension to be


measured directly with the measuring device.

• Indirect Measurement: It is done using auxiliary means such


as calipers to transfer the dimension of the workpiece to be
measured and then compare it with a measuring device such as a
ruler or vernier foot in an indirect way.

3. Explain using the drawing, a Vernier Caliper Division


Method to be given?

• Here the main scale has the least count of 1mm and
vernier scale has the least count of 0.9mm. So therefore
10 unit of the main scale is 1cm whereas 10 unit of
vernier scale is 0.9mm. The unit of the vernier scale is
9mm. So this difference between the main scale and
vernier scale which is 0.1mm is the working principle of
vernier caliper.
0 5 10 15 20

0 5 10

• Here the main scale has the least count of 1mm and
vernier scale has the least count of 0.19mm. So
therefore 10 unit of the main scale is 2cm whereas 20
unit of vernier scale is 0.19mm. The unit of the vernier
scale is 19mm. So this difference between the main scale
and vernier scale which is 0.05mm is the working
principle of vernier caliper.

0 5 10 15 20

0 5 10 15 20
• Here the main scale has the least count of 1mm and
vernier scale has the least count of 0.49mm. So therefore
10 unit of the main scale is 1cm whereas 50 unit of vernier
scale is 0.49mm The unit of the vernier scale is 49mm. So
this difference between the main scale and vernier scale
which is 0.02mm is the working principle of
vernier caliper.
4. Explain by drawing the following reading?
• 1.The reading is 89.6 mm, on vernier caliper.

0.6
=6
0.1

2.The reading 113.16 mm, on vernier caliper.

•
0.16
=8
0.02

3. The reading is 4.75 mm, on an external micrometer with an accuracy of 0.01 mm

4+0.5+0.25=4.75

4.The reading is 22.35 mm, on an external micrometer with an accuracy of 0.01 mm

22+0+0.35=22.35
5. Explain by drawing the vernier caliper? Mentioning its uses?

Components of the Vernier caliper:


Fixed jaw
Movable jaw
A shank at the end of the moving part
of the Vernier caliper
6. Briefly explain the measurement tools used in the measurement processes?
• Rudimentary measuring instruments:

1. Span
2. Arm
3. Cane
4. Feet
• Approximate measuring tools:
1. Rule
2. Meter
3. Compass
4. Protractor
• Precision measuring tools:
1. Vernier caliper
2. Micrometer
3. Verner protractor
• High precision measuring instruments:
1. Limit gauges

7. Mention the errors that should be avoided when measuring with the
caliper, with the help of drawing if possible.
• Error due to low power battery: This error happens to the digital caliper. When the digital
calipers have a weak battery.
• Excessive measuring force causing jaw tilt: When gripping the object to be measured,
application of excessive force on the jaws should be avoided. The object should always be
gripped gently between the jaws. This is extremely important while measuring objects which
are easily deformable wires.
• Thermal expansion caused by a temperature difference between the caliper and workpiece:
Thermal expansion can cause the caliper to expand or contract, leading to measurement
errors. To avoid this error, it is recommended to use a caliper with a temperature
compensation feature or to allow the caliper to adjust to the temperature of the workpiece
before taking measurements.
• Small-hole diameter error caused by inside jaw offset: This error occurs when the inside jaws
of the caliper are not perfectly aligned. To avoid this error, it is recommended to use a
micrometer or a bore gauge instead of a caliper for measuring small holes.
8. Explain by drawing the working theory of micrometers?
• A micrometer is an instrument used for making precise linear measurements
of dimensions such as diameter, thickness, and lengths of solid bodies. It is
made of a C-shaped frame with a movable jaw operated by an integral screw.
The fineness of the measurement depends on the lead of the screw while the
accuracy of the measurement depends on the accuracy of the screw-nut
combination.
It is often misunderstood with the micrometer the standard unit of length
measurement. Another common name used for a micrometer is micrometer
caliper due to its similar appearance to the caliper.
9. Mention the different types of micrometers that are used in measurements?

1.Inside Micrometer 2. outside Micrometer

3.Micrometer Depth Gauge


a) Vernier Caliper

40 + 0.9 = 40.9mm

0.50mm

133 + 0.04 = 133.04mm

61 + 0.8 = 61.8mm

6 + 0.90 = 6.90mm
b) Micrometers

16 + 0 + 0.35 = 16.35 mm 12 + 0.50 + 16 = 12.66mm

12 + 0.50 + 0.36 = 12.86mm 11 + 0 + 0.16 = 11.16mm

16 + 0 + 0.16 = 16.16mm

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