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Assignment#5

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PHY-101: Classical, Quantum and Relativistic Mechanics

Assignment#5
2024-25, Odd Semester
Indian Institute of Technology (BHU),
Varanasi - 221005, India
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q.1] Consider a potential V(x) = 2V0 eV between 0 < x < L, V(x) = 0 eV for x < 0, V(x) = -(2 - 1)V0 eV for 2L > x > L,
where ( > 1) and V(x) = 0 for x > 2L. An electron of energy V0 eV is incident from left to this potential. Assume
2mVo
k.
2

(a) Express the wave numbers of the probability waves in the regions x < 0, 0 < x < L and x > L in terms of k,  and L
and other relevant quantities.

(b) Find the ratio of the amplitudes between the forward propagating wave in regions x < 0 and x > L.

(c) What are the probability current densities in regions x < 0 and x > L?

(d) Find the transmission probability.

(e) What is the transmission probability for  = 1?

Q.2] Consider the infinite square well potentials (same as a particle in the box problem) specified as:

(i) (𝑥) = 0 for 0 < 𝑥 < 4𝐿 and (𝑥) =  otherwise

(ii) (𝑥) = 0 for -2L < 𝑥 < 2𝐿 and (𝑥) =  otherwise

(a) Find the solutions of time independent Schrodinger Equation for a particle of mass '𝑚' for both the wells.
Calculate the corresponding energy eigenvalues.

(b) Compare the energy spectrum for case (i) and case (ii).

Q.3] (a) Write the wave functions ϕ(x) in both the regions of a step potential for the case E>V0, where E is the energy
of the particle incident from the left and V0 is the potential step at 𝑥 ≥ 0. Also, sketch |ϕ(x)|2 in both the regions as a
function of position.

(b) A beam of electrons having energy 25 eV is incident on a region where the electron potential energy suddenly
increases from 0 to 9 eV. Calculate the reflection coefficient (R) and transmission coefficient (T).

(c) In a modern scanning tunneling microscope, the tip of the probe is 1 nm away from the metal surface. The gap
between the tip of the probe and the metal surface behaves like a potential barrier of height 5 eV. By what fraction
does T changes when the gap increases to 1.1 nm (energy of the tunneled electrons are much less than 5 eV)?
PHY-101: Classical, Quantum and Relativistic Mechanics
Assignment#5
2024-25, Odd Semester
Indian Institute of Technology (BHU),
Varanasi - 221005, India
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q.4] Consider a particle whose wave function is given by,

where  is some positive constant. Find the normalization coefficient A, the expectation values x̂ , x̂ 2 , p̂ ,

p̂ 2 and the uncertainty relation xp for the particle in this state.

Q.5] A non-relativistic particle of mass `m' and constant total energy E = 3V0 is travelling from left to right in a region
where the potential changes as shown below.

Region ‘I’ (x < 0) where the potential is V(x) = 2V0, and region ‘II’ (x ≥ 0) where the potential is V(x) = V0 as indicated in
the figure. Further, wave functions corresponding to the incident (I), reflected (R) and transmitted (T) waves are also
given above. Now, answer the followings questions.

(a) Write the Schrodinger equation in region I and region II.

(b) Determine the wave numbers kI, kR and kT in terms of V0?

(c) Find C in terms of A?

----------------------------------------- End -----------------------------------------


Note: Some additional problems are given below for your own practice. The solutions to these problems
do not need to be submitted.

Q.6] Consider a potential V(x) = 2V0 eV between L <|x|< 3L, V(x) = -3V0 eV for |x|< L and V(x) = 0 for |x|> L. At t = 0,
an electron of energy V0 eV is incident from the potential from the left. Find the transmission probability. Consider
2mV0eL2/ħ2=. Can you find a condition on the incident energy of the electron for such a potential, when the
transmission as well as the reflection probabilities are minimum?

Comment: This question requires a very long calculation, but gives certain interesting Physics.
PHY-101: Classical, Quantum and Relativistic Mechanics
Assignment#5
2024-25, Odd Semester
Indian Institute of Technology (BHU),
Varanasi - 221005, India
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q.7] (a) A particle of mass ‘m’ is confined to a one-dimensional infinite potential well with walls at x = −L/2 and x =
L/2. Qualitatively plot the wavefunction (within the well) for n = 1 and n = 2 states.

(b) A particle is restricted to move in the region x = [0, L] in one-dimension, where L = 0.2 nm. It was
found that when the energy of the particle is 230 eV, its eigenfunction has 5 antinodes (maxima).
Find the mass of the particle and show that it can never have an energy eigenvalue equal to 1 keV.

(c) What is the probability of finding the electron in an eigenstate of n = 5, trapped in a one-dimensional
box (x = [0, L]) of width L = 2 Å, in the interval 0.9 − 1.1 Å within the box?

Q. 8] (a) An electron is trapped in a one-dimensional infinite potential well of length L.

(i) Find the expectation values of the electron's position and momentum in the ground
state of this well.
(ii) Show that the uncertainties in these values do not violate the uncertainty principle.

(b) Imagine five neutrons and four protons trapped in an atomic nucleus. Model the nucleus as an infinite potential
well of length 10 fm (fm=femtometer). Find the total kinetic energy of the nucleons. Ignore the mass difference
between protons and neutrons.

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